1
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Geibel N, Bührmann L, Albers L, Schmidtmann M, Weiz A, Müller T. Germaaluminocenes-Masked Heterofulvenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403652. [PMID: 38578658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Germaaluminocenes are formed by salt metathesis reactions of dipotassium germacyclopentadienediides with pentamethylcyclopentadienylaluminum dichloride. The reactivity pattern of these sandwich complexes is determined by the electrophilic central aluminum atom and by the nucleophilic dicoordinated germanium center. Surprisingly, the products formed by reactions with Lewis acids, Lewis bases, amphiphiles and compounds with polar double bonds are those expected from the reaction of a hypothetical aluminagermapentafulvene with these types of reagents. This suggests that germaaluminocenes are synthetic equivalents to these pentafulvenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeschda Geibel
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bührmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Weiz
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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2
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Liu S, Li Y, Lin J, Ke Z, Grützmacher H, Su CY, Li Z. Sequential radical and cationic reactivity at separated sites within one molecule in solution. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5376-5384. [PMID: 38577367 PMCID: PMC10988588 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Distonic radical cations (DRCs) with spatially separated charge and radical sites are expected to show both radical and cationic reactivity at different sites within one molecule. However, such "dual" reactivity has rarely been observed in the condensed phase. Herein we report the isolation of crystalline 1λ2,3λ2-1-phosphonia-3-phosphinyl-cyclohex-4-enes 2a,b˙+, which can be considered delocalized DRCs and were completely characterized by crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational methods. These DRCs contain a radical and cationic site with seven and six valence electrons, respectively, which are both stabilized via conjugation, yet remain spatially separated. They exhibit reactivity that differs from that of conventional radical cations (CRCs); specifically they show sequential radical and cationic reactivity at separated sites within one molecule in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Liu
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Jieli Lin
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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3
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Konsewicz K, Laczkó G, Pápai I, Zhivonitko VV. Activation of H 2 using ansa-aminoboranes: solvent effects, dynamics, and spin hyperpolarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3197-3207. [PMID: 38193236 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05816f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Spin hyperpolarization generated upon activation of parahydrogen, the spin-0 isomer of H2, by ansa-aminoboranes (AABs) constitutes a rare but interesting example of applied metal-free catalysis in parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). AAB molecular moieties made of light elements would be useful in important areas of NMR, such as chemosensing and the production of hyperpolarized substances, or generally in NMR sensitivity enhancement. At the same time, little is known about the detailed mechanistic aspects of underlying chemical processes. Herein, we present a joint experimental-computational study of the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of H2 activation by AABs, for the first time providing molecular-level details and results of PHIP experiments with AABs in various solvents. Specifically, a large number of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are measured experimentally for H2 activation by 2-aminophenylboranes of variable steric bulkiness of the boryl site. A clear correlation between the experimental and DFT-predicted thermochemical parameters is observed. PHIP effects in toluene, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile are characterized and rationalized based on the use of the kinetic and nuclear spin relaxation parameters. Altogether, the obtained results provide valuable information for the further rational design of efficient AAB catalysts for metal-free PHIP based on frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Konsewicz
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
| | - Gergely Laczkó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
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4
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Barrett AN, Diefenbach M, Mahon MF, Krewald V, Webster RL. An Iron-Catalyzed Route to Dewar 1,3,5-Triphosphabenzene and Subsequent Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208663. [PMID: 35851715 PMCID: PMC9540597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of an alkyne cyclotrimerization regime with an [Fe(salen)]2 -μ-oxo (1) catalyst to triphenylmethylphosphaalkyne (2) yields gram-scale quantities of 2,4,6-tris(triphenylmethyl)-Dewar-1,3,5-triphosphabenzene (3). Bulky lithium salt LiHMDS facilitates a rearrangement of 3 to the 1,3,5-triphosphabenzene valence isomer (3'), which subsequently undergoes an intriguing phosphorus migration reaction to form the ring-contracted species (3''). Density functional theory calculations provide a plausible mechanism for this rearrangement. Given the stability of 3, a diverse array of unprecedented transformations was investigated. We report novel crystallographically characterized products of successful nucleophilic/electrophilic addition and protonation/oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Barrett
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down, BathBA2 7AYUK
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down, BathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Vera Krewald
- Department of ChemistryTU Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down, BathBA2 7AYUK
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5
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Barrett AN, Diefenbach M, Mahon MF, Krewald V, Webster RL. An Iron‐Catalyzed Route to Dewar 1,3,5‐triphosphabenzene and Subsequent Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Barrett
- University of Bath Department of Chemistry BA2 7AY Bath UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- University of Bath Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Vera Krewald
- Technische Universitat Darmstadt Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ruth L. Webster
- University of Bath Department of Chemistry Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath UNITED KINGDOM
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6
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Tickner BJ, Zhivonitko VV. Advancing homogeneous catalysis for parahydrogen-derived hyperpolarisation and its NMR applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4670-4696. [PMID: 35655870 PMCID: PMC9067625 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarisation (PHIP) is a nuclear spin hyperpolarisation technique employed to enhance NMR signals for a wide range of molecules. This is achieved by exploiting the chemical reactions of parahydrogen (para-H2), the spin-0 isomer of H2. These reactions break the molecular symmetry of para-H2 in a way that can produce dramatically enhanced NMR signals for reaction products, and are usually catalysed by a transition metal complex. In this review, we discuss recent advances in novel homogeneous catalysts that can produce hyperpolarised products upon reaction with para-H2. We also discuss hyperpolarisation attained in reversible reactions (termed signal amplification by reversible exchange, SABRE) and focus on catalyst developments in recent years that have allowed hyperpolarisation of a wider range of target molecules. In particular, recent examples of novel ruthenium catalysts for trans and geminal hydrogenation, metal-free catalysts, iridium sulfoxide-containing SABRE systems, and cobalt complexes for PHIP and SABRE are reviewed. Advances in this catalysis have expanded the types of molecules amenable to hyperpolarisation using PHIP and SABRE, and their applications in NMR reaction monitoring, mechanistic elucidation, biomedical imaging, and many other areas, are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Tickner
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 Oulu 90014 Finland
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7
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Zakharov DO, Chernichenko K, Sorochkina K, Yang S, Telkki V, Repo T, Zhivonitko VV. Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization in Hydrogenation Reactions Mediated by a Metal-Free Catalyst. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103501. [PMID: 34928532 PMCID: PMC9303582 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report nuclear spin hyperpolarization of various alkenes achieved in alkyne hydrogenations with parahydrogen over a metal-free hydroborane catalyst (HCAT). Being an intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair aminoborane, HCAT utilizes a non-pairwise mechanism of H2 transfer to alkynes that normally prevents parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) from being observed. Nevertheless, the specific spin dynamics in catalytic intermediates leads to the hyperpolarization of predominantly one hydrogen in alkene. PHIP enabled the detection of important HCAT-alkyne-H2 intermediates through substantial 1 H, 11 B and 15 N signal enhancement and allowed advanced characterization of the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
- Present address: Discovery, Product Development & Supply (DPDS)Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonTurnhoutseweg 302340BeerseBelgium
| | - Kristina Sorochkina
- NMR Research UnitUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 300090014OuluFinland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Shengjun Yang
- NMR Research UnitUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 300090014OuluFinland
| | | | - Timo Repo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 100014HelsinkiFinland
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8
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Zakharov DO, Chernichenko K, Sorochkina K, Repo T, Zhivonitko VV. Parahydrogen-induced polarization study of imine hydrogenations mediated by a metal-free catalyst. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13606-13611. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization is a nuclear spin hyperpolarization technique that can provide strongly enhanced NMR signals of catalytic hydrogenation reaction products and intermediates. Among other matters, this can be employed to...
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9
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Zhivonitko VV, Beer H, Zakharov DO, Bresien J, Schulz A. Hyperpolarization Effects in Parahydrogen Activation with Pnictogen Biradicaloids: Metal-free PHIP and SABRE. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:813-817. [PMID: 33725397 PMCID: PMC8251785 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Biradicaloids attract attention as a novel class of reagents that can activate small molecules such as H2, ethylene and CO2. Herein, we study activation of parahydrogen (nuclear spin‐0 isomer of H2) by a number of 4‐ and 5‐membered pnictogen biradicaloids based on hetero‐cyclobutanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2Z] and hetero‐cyclopentanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2ZC(NDmp)] moieties (X,Z=P,As; Ter=2,6‐Mes2−C6H3, Dmp=2,6‐Me2−C6H3). The concerted mechanism of this reaction allowed observing strong nuclear spin hyperpolarization effects in 1H and 31P NMR experiments. Signal enhancements from two to four orders of magnitude were detected at 9.4 T depending on the structure. It is demonstrated that 4‐membered biradicaloids activate H2 reversibly, leading to SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) hyperpolarization of biradicaloids themselves and their H2 adducts. In contrast, the 5‐membered counterparts demonstrate rather irreversible parahydrogen activation resulting in hyperpolarized H2 adducts only. Kinetic measurements provided parameters to support experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Beer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Danila O Zakharov
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Coles NT, Sofie Abels A, Leitl J, Wolf R, Grützmacher H, Müller C. Phosphinine-based ligands: Recent developments in coordination chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler H, Sergeieva T, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of a 16π-Electrons 1,4-Diphosphinine-1,4-diide with a Planar C 4 P 2 Ring. Chemistry 2021; 27:3055-3064. [PMID: 33080114 PMCID: PMC7898681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first 1,4-diphosphinine-1,4-diide compound [(ADCPh )P]2 (5-Ph) (ADCPh =PhC{(NDipp)C}2 ; Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) derived from an anionic dicarbene (ADCPh ) as a red crystalline solid. Compound 5-Ph containing a 16π-electron planar fused-tricyclic ring system was obtained by the 4e reduction of [(ADCPh )PCl2 ]2 (4-Ph) with Mg (or KC8 ) in a quantitative yield. Experimental and computational results imply that the central 8π-electrons C4 P2 ring of 5-Ph, which is fused between two 6π-electrons C3 N2 aromatic rings, is antiaromatic. Thus, each of the phosphorus atoms of 5-Ph has two electron-lone-pairs, one in a p-type orbital is in conjugation with the C=C bonds of the C4 P2 ring, while the second resides in a σ-symmetric orbital. This can be shown with the gold complex [(ADCPh )P(AuCl)2 ]2 (6-Ph) obtained by reacting 5-Ph with (Me2 S)AuCl. A mixture of 5-Ph and 4-Ph undergoes comproportionation in the presence of MgCl2 to form the intermediate oxidation state compound [(ADCAr )P]2 (MgCl4 ) (7-Ph), which is an aromatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Tetiana Sergeieva
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry GroupAllgemeine und Anorganische ChemieUniversität des SaarlandesCampus C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry GroupAllgemeine und Anorganische ChemieUniversität des SaarlandesCampus C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and CatalysisInorganic and Structural ChemistryCenter for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
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12
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Zhuang D, Li Y, Zhu J. Antiaromaticity-Promoted Activation of Dihydrogen with Borole Fused Cyclooctatetraene Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Density Functional Theory Study. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danling Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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13
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Leitl J, Jupp AR, Habraken ERM, Streitferdt V, Coburger P, Scott DJ, Gschwind RM, Müller C, Slootweg JC, Wolf R. A Phosphinine-Derived 1-Phospha-7-Bora-Norbornadiene: Frustrated Lewis Pair Type Activation of Triple Bonds. Chemistry 2020; 26:7788-7800. [PMID: 32052879 PMCID: PMC7383905 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Salt metathesis of 1-methyl-2,4,6-triphenylphosphacyclohexadienyl lithium and chlorobis(pentafluorophenyl)borane affords a 1-phospha-7-bora-norbornadiene derivative 2. The C≡N triple bonds of nitriles insert into the P-B bond of 2 with concomitant C-B bond cleavage, whereas the C≡C bonds of phenylacetylenes react with 2 to form λ4 -phosphabarrelenes. Even though 2 must formally be regarded as a classical Lewis adduct, the C≡N and C≡C activation processes observed (and the mild conditions under which they occur) are reminiscent of the reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs. Indeed, NMR and computational studies give insight into the mechanism of the reactions and reveal the labile nature of the phosphorus-boron bond in 2, which is also suggested by detailed NMR spectroscopic studies on this compound. Nitrile insertion is thus preceded by ring opening of the bicycle of 2 through P-B bond splitting with a low energy barrier. By contrast, the reaction with alkynes involves formation of a reactive zwitterionic methylphosphininium borate intermediate, which readily undergoes alkyne 1,4-addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leitl
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904, PO Box 941571090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Evi R. M. Habraken
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904, PO Box 941571090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Verena Streitferdt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Peter Coburger
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904, PO Box 941571090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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14
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Giese S, Buzsáki D, Nyulászi L, Müller C. Four consecutive reactions in one pot: cascade formation of an unprecedented triphosphatricyclo[3.2.1.0 2,7]oct-3-ene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13812-13815. [PMID: 31612181 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A hitherto unknown triphosphatricyclo[3.2.1.02,7]oct-3-ene was obtained in high yield by a total of four consecutive pericyclic reactions from di-2-pyrone and excess TMS-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]P. DFT calculations gave insight into the reaction mechanism. The chiral phosphorus cage readily forms coordination compounds with Au(i) and Cu(i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Giese
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Falconer RL, Zeng D, Green M, Stephan DW, McGrady JE, Russell CA. Hydrofunctionalisation of an Aromatic Triphosphabenzene. Chemistry 2019; 25:12507-12511. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dihao Zeng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Michael Green
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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16
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Ullah SS, Kashyap C, Rohman SS, Guha AK. Hydrogen activation by isomeric aromatic phosphabenzene: A theoretical study. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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von Grotthuss E, Prey SE, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. Dual Role of Doubly Reduced Arylboranes as Dihydrogen- and Hydride-Transfer Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6082-6091. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther von Grotthuss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Sven E. Prey
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
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18
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Zhivonitko VV, Bresien J, Schulz A, Koptyug IV. Parahydrogen-induced polarization with a metal-free P-P biradicaloid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5890-5893. [PMID: 30694276 PMCID: PMC6430094 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free H2 activations are unusual but interesting for catalytic transformations, particularly in parahydrogen-based nuclear spin hyperpolarization techniques. We demonstrate that metal-free singlet phosphorus biradicaloid, [P(μ-NTer)]2, provides pronounced 1H and 31P hyperpolarization while activating the parahydrogen molecules. A brief analysis of the resulting NMR signals and the important kinetic parameters are presented.
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19
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Guan D, Godard C, Polas SM, Tooze RP, Whitwood AC, Duckett SB. Using para hydrogen induced polarization to study steps in the hydroformylation reaction. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2664-2675. [PMID: 30702728 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04723e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A range of iridium complexes, Ir(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R')2 (1a-1e) [where 1a, PR2R' = PPh3, 1b P(p-tol)3, 1c PMePh2, 1d PMe2Ph and 1e PMe3] were synthesized and their reactivity as stoichiometric hydroformylation precursors studied. Para-hydrogen assisted NMR spectroscopy detected the following intermediates: Ir(H)2(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R') (2a-e), Ir(H)2(η1-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R')2 (4d-e), Ir(H)2(η1-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R') (10a-e), Ir(H)2(CO-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R') (11a-c), Ir(H)2(CO-C3H7)(CO)2(PR2R') (12a-c) and Ir(H)2(CO-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R')2 (13d-e). Some of these species exist as two geometric isomers according to their multinuclear NMR characteristics. The NMR studies suggest a role for the following 16 electron species in these reactions: Ir(η3-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R'), Ir(η1-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R')2, Ir(η1-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R'), Ir(CO-C3H5)(CO)2(PR2R'), Ir(CO-C3H7)(CO)2(PR2R') and Ir(CO-C3H5)(CO)(PR2R')2. Their role is linked to several 18 electron species in order to confirm the route by which hydroformylation and hydrogenation proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Guan
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Provence, China 310023
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20
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Chen X, Hinz A, Harmer JR, Li Z. Metastable phosphorus neutral monoradical: a key intermediate in the bicyclic cage formation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2549-2553. [PMID: 30667420 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A key intermediate in the formation of a bicyclic cage formed between a biradical (LCP)2 (L = carbene) and an unsaturated substrate via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction has been isolated and fully characterized including by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- 510632 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Jeffrey R. Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
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21
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Yruegas S, Barnard JH, Al-Furaiji K, Dutton JL, Wilson DJD, Martin CD. Boraphosphaalkene Synthesis via Phosphaalkyne Insertion into 9-Borafluorene. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Yruegas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco Texas 76798-7343, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco Texas 76798-7343, United States
| | - Khalidah Al-Furaiji
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco Texas 76798-7343, United States
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22
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Chu T, Nikonov GI. Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination at Main-Group Element Centers. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3608-3680. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Georgii I. Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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23
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Sorochkina K, Zhivonitko VV, Chernichenko K, Telkki VV, Repo T, Koptyug IV. Spontaneous 15N Nuclear Spin Hyperpolarization in Metal-Free Activation of Parahydrogen by Molecular Tweezers. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:903-907. [PMID: 29401399 PMCID: PMC5862329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) to activate H2 is of significant interest for metal-free catalysis. The activation of H2 is also the key element of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), one of the nuclear spin hyperpolarization techniques. It is demonstrated that o-phenylene-based ansa-aminoboranes (AABs) can produce 1H nuclear spin hyperpolarization through a reversible interaction with parahydrogen at ambient temperatures. Heteronuclei are useful in NMR and MRI as well because they have a broad chemical shift range and long relaxation times and may act as background-free labels. We report spontaneous formation of 15N hyperpolarization of the N-H site for a family of AABs. The process is efficient at the high magnetic field of an NMR magnet (7 T), and it provides up to 350-fold 15N signal enhancements. Different hyperpolarization effects are observed with various AAB structures and in a broad temperature range. Spontaneous hyperpolarization, albeit an order of magnitude weaker than that for 15N, was also observed for 11B nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sorochkina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vladimir V. Zhivonitko
- NMR
Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International
Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Timo Repo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International
Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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24
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Morales Salazar D, Gupta AK, Orthaber A. Reactivity studies of an imine-functionalised phosphaalkene; unusual electrostatic and supramolecular stabilisation of a σ2λ3-phosphorus motif via hydrogen bonding. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10404-10409. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protonation with strong acids at an imine over addition to a phosphaalkene; resulting adducts display hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morales Salazar
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
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25
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Li Z, Hou Y, Li Y, Hinz A, Harmer JR, Su CY, Bertrand G, Grützmacher H. L3
C3
P3
: Tricarbontriphosphide Tricyclic Radicals and Cations Stabilized by Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Yuanfeng Hou
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Alexander Hinz
- University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Jeffrey R. Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD/CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA 92521-0403 USA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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26
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Li Z, Hou Y, Li Y, Hinz A, Harmer JR, Su CY, Bertrand G, Grützmacher H. L3
C3
P3
: Tricarbontriphosphide Tricyclic Radicals and Cations Stabilized by Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:198-202. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Yuanfeng Hou
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Alexander Hinz
- University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Jeffrey R. Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD, 4072 Australia
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD/CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA 92521-0403 USA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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27
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Tokmic K, Jackson BJ, Salazar A, Woods TJ, Fout AR. Cobalt-Catalyzed and Lewis Acid-Assisted Nitrile Hydrogenation to Primary Amines: A Combined Effort. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13554-13561. [PMID: 28906106 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The selective hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines using a bench-stable cobalt precatalyst under 4 atm of H2 is reported herein. The catalyst precursor was reduced in situ using NaHBEt3, and the resulting Lewis acid formed, BEt3, was found to be integral to the observed catalysis. Mechanistic insights gleaned from para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) transfer NMR studies revealed that the pairwise hydrogenation of nitriles proceeded through a Co(I/III) redox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Tokmic
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bailey J Jackson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrea Salazar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Toby J Woods
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R Fout
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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28
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Wu D, Wang R, Li Y, Ganguly R, Hirao H, Kinjo R. Electrostatic Catalyst Generated from Diazadiborinine for Carbonyl Reduction. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Koner A, Pfeifer G, Kelemen Z, Schnakenburg G, Nyulászi L, Sasamori T, Streubel R. 1,4-Diphosphinine aus Imidazol-2-thionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Gregor Pfeifer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellert ter 4 1111 Budapest Ungarn
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellert ter 4 1111 Budapest Ungarn
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences; Nagoya City University; Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, Aichi 467-8501 Japan
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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30
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Koner A, Pfeifer G, Kelemen Z, Schnakenburg G, Nyulászi L, Sasamori T, Streubel R. 1,4-Diphosphinines from Imidazole-2-thiones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9231-9235. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Pfeifer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellert ter 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellert ter 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences; Nagoya City University; Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, Aichi 467-8501 Japan
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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31
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Dong Z, Reinhold CRW, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Stable Silylene with a σ2, π- Butadiene Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7117-7123. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union
| | - Crispin R. W. Reinhold
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany, European Union
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32
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Chu T, Vyboishchikov SF, Gabidullin BM, Nikonov GI. Unusual Reactions of NacNacAl with Urea and Phosphine Oxides. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5993-5997. [PMID: 28463502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of cyclic urea 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone with the aluminum(I) compound NacNacAl (1) gives an unexpected adduct of urea with the isomerized aluminum(III) hydride NacNac'AlH(O═SIMe) (3). A related reaction of 1 with phosphine oxides results in cleavage of the P═O bond and formation of hydroxyl derivatives NacNac'Al(OH)(O═PR3) [R = Ph (5) and Et (6)]. Density functional theory calculations revealed that these reactions proceed via a bimolecular mechanism in which either the basic aluminum(I) center or the transient Al═O species deprotonate the methyl group of the NacNac ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University , 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sergei F Vyboishchikov
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona , Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Bulat M Gabidullin
- X-Ray Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa , 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University , 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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33
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Stephan DW. Eine Geschichte über zwei Elemente: die Umpolung der Lewis-Acidität/Basizität von Bor und Phosphor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Kanada
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34
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Stephan DW. A Tale of Two Elements: The Lewis Acidity/Basicity Umpolung of Boron and Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5984-5992. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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35
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Jian Z, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Frustrated Lewis Pair vs Metal–Carbon σ-Bond Insertion Chemistry at an o-Phenylene-Bridged Cp2Zr+/PPh2 System. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Jian
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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36
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Guan D, Jonathan Holmes A, López-Serrano J, Duckett SB. Following palladium catalyzed methoxycarbonylation by hyperpolarized NMR spectroscopy: a parahydrogen based investigation. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When the reaction of Pd(OTf)2(bcope) with diphenylacetylene, carbon monoxide and parahydrogen is probed, hyperpolarised NMR signals (blue) are seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Guan
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York
- UK
| | - A. Jonathan Holmes
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York
- UK
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York
- UK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York
- UK
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37
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Suter R, Mei Y, Baker M, Benkő Z, Li Z, Grützmacher H. 2,4,6‐Tri(hydroxy)‐1,3,5‐triphosphinine, P
3
C
3
(OH)
3
: The Phosphorus Analogue of Cyanuric Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1356-1360. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zoltan Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional materials (LIFM) Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional materials (LIFM) Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
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38
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Suter R, Mei Y, Baker M, Benkő Z, Li Z, Grützmacher H. 2,4,6‐Tri(hydroxy)‐1,3,5‐triphosphinine, P
3
C
3
(OH)
3
: The Phosphorus Analogue of Cyanuric Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zoltan Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional materials (LIFM) Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional materials (LIFM) Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
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39
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von Grotthuss E, Diefenbach M, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Holthausen MC, Wagner M. Reversible Dihydrogen Activation by Reduced Aryl Boranes as Main-Group Ambiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther von Grotthuss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Martin Diefenbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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40
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von Grotthuss E, Diefenbach M, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Holthausen MC, Wagner M. Reversible Dihydrogen Activation by Reduced Aryl Boranes as Main-Group Ambiphiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14067-14071. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther von Grotthuss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Martin Diefenbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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41
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Suter R, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. A Convenient Synthesis of 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-Azadiphospholes. Chemistry 2016; 22:14979-14987. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou P.R. China
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42
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Kovtunov KV, Salnikov OG, Zhivonitko VV, Skovpin IV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Koptyug IV. Catalysis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement with Parahydrogen. Top Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-016-0688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Nagata K, Murosaki T, Agou T, Sasamori T, Matsuo T, Tokitoh N. Activation of Dihydrogen by Masked Doubly Bonded Aluminum Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12877-80. [PMID: 27529165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of dihydrogen by masked dialumenes (Al=Al doubly bonded species) is reported. Reactions of barrelene-type dialumanes, which have the reactivity as masked equivalents of 1,2-diaryldialumenes ArAl=AlAr, with H2 afforded dihydroalumanes ArAlH2 at room temperature (Ar: bulky aryl groups). These dihydroalumanes form hydrogen-bridged dimers [ArHAl(μ-H)]2 in the crystalline state, while a monomer-dimer equilibrium was suggested in solution. The 1,2-diaryldialumenes generated from the barrelene-type dialumanes are the putative active species in the cleavage of H2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nagata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Murosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, College of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarisawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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44
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Nagata K, Murosaki T, Agou T, Sasamori T, Matsuo T, Tokitoh N. Activation of Dihydrogen by Masked Doubly Bonded Aluminum Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nagata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Takahiro Murosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kindai University; 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering; College of Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarisawa, Hitachi Ibaraki 316-8511 Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kindai University; 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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45
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Abstract
Boranes have long been known as the archetypal Lewis acids owing to an empty p-orbital on the boron centre. Meanwhile, Lewis basic tricoordinate boranes have been developed in recent years. Here we report the synthesis of an annulated 1,4,2,5-diazadiborinine derivative featuring boron atoms that exhibit both Lewis acidic and basic properties. Experimental and computational studies confirmed that two boron atoms in this molecule are spectroscopically equivalent. Nevertheless, this molecule cleaves C-O, B-H, Si-H and P-H bonds heterolytically, and readily undergoes [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with non-activated unsaturated bonds such as C=O, C=C, C≡C and C≡N bonds. The result, thus, indicates that the indistinguishable boron atoms in 1,4,2,5-diazadiborinine act as both nucleophilic and electrophilic centres, demonstrating ambiphilic nature.
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46
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Zhang C, Lv X, Lu G, Wang ZX. Metal-free homolytic hydrogen activation: a quest through density functional theory computations. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00557h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT computations reveal that heavier analogs of 1,3-butadiene could activate H2homolyticallyvia1,4-addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Langfang Teachers University
- Langfang 065000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Lv
- School of Environment
- Henan Normal University
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control
- Ministry of Education
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control
| | - Gang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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47
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Zhivonitko VV, Sorochkina K, Chernichenko K, Kótai B, Földes T, Pápai I, Telkki VV, Repo T, Koptyug I. Nuclear spin hyperpolarization with ansa-aminoboranes: a metal-free perspective for parahydrogen-induced polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27784-27795. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of new ansa-aminoboranes was analyzed experimentally and theoretically for metal-free production of parahydrogen-induced polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Zhivonitko
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences
| | | | | | - Bianka Kótai
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tamás Földes
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | | | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Igor Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences
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48
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LaFortune JHW, Johnstone TC, Pérez M, Winkelhaus D, Podgorny V, Stephan DW. Electrophilic phenoxy-substituted phosphonium cations. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18156-18162. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03544b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of electrophilic phenoxy-substituted phosphonium salts [(RO)P(C6F5)3][B(C6F5)4] (R = C6H5, 4-FC6H4, 2,4-F2C6H3, C6F5) have been synthesized, used as Lewis acid catalysts and their air stability was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Pérez
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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49
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Bayne JM, Holthausen MH, Stephan DW. Pyridinium–phosphonium dications: highly electrophilic phosphorus-based Lewis acid catalysts. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5949-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using commercially available 2-pyridyldiphenylphosphine (o-NC5H4)PPh2, a family of electrophilic phosphonium cations [(o-NC5H4)PFPh2]+ (2) and dications [(o-MeNC5H4)PRPh2]2+ (R = F (4); Me (5)) were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Bayne
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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50
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Bayne JM, Stephan DW. Phosphorus Lewis acids: emerging reactivity and applications in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:765-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Part of the renaissance in main group chemistry has been a result of the focus on reactivity and catalysis. In this tutorial review, we focus attention on the role of phosphorus-based Lewis acids in such advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Bayne
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | - D. W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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