1
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Nguyen HA, Hammel BF, Sharp D, Kline J, Schwartz G, Harvey S, Nishiwaki E, Sandeno SF, Ginger DS, Majumdar A, Yazdi S, Dukovic G, Cossairt BM. Colossal Core/Shell CdSe/CdS Quantum Dot Emitters. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39058675 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-photon sources are essential for advancing quantum technologies with scalable integration being a crucial requirement. To date, deterministic positioning of single-photon sources in large-scale photonic structures remains a challenge. In this context, colloidal quantum dots (QDs), particularly core/shell configurations, are attractive due to their solution processability. However, traditional QDs are typically small, about 3 to 6 nm, which restricts their deterministic placement and utility in large-scale photonic devices, particularly within optical cavities. The largest existing core/shell QDs are a family of giant CdSe/CdS QDs, with total diameters ranging from about 20 to 50 nm. Pushing beyond this size limit, we introduce a synthesis strategy for colossal CdSe/CdS QDs, with sizes ranging from 30 to 100 nm, using a stepwise high-temperature continuous injection method. Electron microscopy reveals a consistent hexagonal diamond morphology composed of 12 semipolar {101̅1} facets and one polar (0001) facet. We also identify conditions where shell growth is disrupted, leading to defects, islands, and mechanical instability, which suggest synthetic requirements for growing crystalline particles beyond 100 nm. The stepwise growth of thick CdS shells on CdSe cores enables the synthesis of emissive QDs with long photoluminescence lifetimes of a few microseconds and suppressed blinking at room temperature. Notably, QDs with 80 and 100 CdS monolayers exhibit high single-photon emission purity with second-order photon correlation g(2)(0) values below 0.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin F Hammel
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - David Sharp
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jessica Kline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Griffin Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samantha Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Emily Nishiwaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Soren F Sandeno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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2
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Gallagher S, Kline J, Jahanbakhshi F, Sadighian JC, Lyons I, Shen G, Hammel BF, Yazdi S, Dukovic G, Rappe AM, Ginger DS. Ligand Equilibrium Influences Photoluminescence Blinking in CsPbBr 3: A Change Point Analysis of Widefield Imaging Data. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19208-19219. [PMID: 38982590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Photoluminescence intermittency remains one of the biggest challenges in realizing perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as scalable single photon emitters. We compare CsPbBr3 QDs capped with different ligands, lecithin, and a combination of oleic acid and oleylamine, to elucidate the role of surface chemistry on photoluminescence intermittency. We employ widefield photoluminescence microscopy to sample the blinking behavior of hundreds of QDs. Using change point analysis, we achieve the robust classification of blinking trajectories, and we analyze representative distributions from large numbers of QDs (Nlecithin = 1308, Noleic acid/oleylamine = 1317). We find that lecithin suppresses blinking in CsPbBr3 QDs compared with oleic acid/oleylamine. Under common experimental conditions, lecithin-capped QDs are 7.5 times more likely to be nonblinking and spend 2.5 times longer in their most emissive state, despite both QDs having nearly identical solution photoluminescence quantum yields. We measure photoluminescence as a function of dilution and show that the differences between lecithin and oleic acid/oleylamine capping emerge at low concentrations during preparation for single particle experiments. From experiment and first-principles calculations, we attribute the differences in lecithin and oleic acid/oleylamine performance to differences in their ligand binding equilibria. Consistent with our experimental data, density functional theory calculations suggest a stronger binding affinity of lecithin to the QD surface compared to oleic acid/oleylamine, implying a reduced likelihood of ligand desorption during dilution. These results suggest that using more tightly binding ligands is a necessity for surface passivation and, consequently, blinking reduction in perovskite QDs used for single particle and quantum light experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jessica Kline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James C Sadighian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ian Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gillian Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin F Hammel
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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3
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Forde A, Evans AC, Nie W, Tretiak S, Neukirch AJ. Influence of Material Properties on Surface Chemistry Induced Circular Dichroism in Halide Perovskite: Computational Insights. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39018419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The chirality transfer phenomenon is attractive for enhancing the optical functionality of nanomaterials by inducing sensitivity to the circular polarization states of photons. An underexplored aspect is how material properties of the achiral semiconductor impact the induced chiroptical signatures. Here we apply atomistic time-dependent density functional theory simulations to investigate the material properties that influence the chiroptical signatures of a lead halide perovskite nanocrystal with a chiral molecule bound to the surface. First, we find that both lattice disorder created by surface strain and halide substitution can increase the chiroptical response of the perovskite quantum dots by an order of magnitude. Both phenomena are attributed to a broadening of the density of the electronically excited states. Second, the intensity of the anisotropy spectra decreases with increasing dot size with a power law decay. Overall, these insights can be used to help guide experimental realization of highly resolvable polarized optical features in semiconducting nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Forde
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Amanda C Evans
- Functional Flow Solutions, LLC, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110, United States
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Department of Physics, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Amanda J Neukirch
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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4
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Kusterer R, Krohn S, Wehrmeister M, Strelow C, Kipp T, Mews A. A closer look at the effects of oxygen on the photoluminescence properties of CdSe/CdS quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:024706. [PMID: 38990119 DOI: 10.1063/5.0212160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a detailed study on the effects of oxygen on the photoluminescence properties of CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs). We investigated the role of oxygen by performing confocal measurements on thin films as well as on single particles while rapidly exchanging the gaseous environment between oxygen and an inert gas atmosphere. We found that the deionization of negatively charged particles by oxygen depends on both the excitation power and the shell thickness of the QDs. For QDs with thin shells, which exhibit strong photoluminescence blinking, we observed that the presence of oxygen affects both band-edge carrier blinking and hot-carrier blinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kusterer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelalle 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Krohn
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelalle 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Wehrmeister
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelalle 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Strelow
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelalle 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kipp
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelalle 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alf Mews
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Grindelalle 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Jin L, Selopal GS, Tong X, Perepichka DF, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Heavy-Metal-Free Colloidal Quantum Dots: Progress and Opportunities in Solar Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402912. [PMID: 38923167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise as building blocks in solar technologies owing to their remarkable photostability and adjustable properties through the rationale involving size, atomic composition of core and shell, shapes, and surface states. However, most high-performing QDs in solar conversion contain hazardous metal elements, including Cd and Pb, posing significant environmental risks. Here, a comprehensive review of heavy-metal-free colloidal QDs for solar technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) devices, solar-to-chemical fuel conversion, and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), is presented. Emerging synthetic strategies to optimize the optical properties by tuning the energy band structure and manipulating charge dynamics within the QDs and at the QDs/charge acceptors interfaces, are analyzed. A comparative analysis of different synthetic methods is provided, structure-property relationships in these materials are discussed, and they are correlated with the performance of solar devices. This work is concluded with an outlook on challenges and opportunities for future work, including machine learning-based design, sustainable synthesis, and new surface/interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, National Institute of Scientific Research, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Rd, Banting Building, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xin Tong
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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6
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Lee H, Whetten BG, Kim BJ, Woo JY, Koo Y, Bae J, Kang M, Moon T, Joo H, Jeong S, Lim J, Efros AL, Raschke MB, Pelton M, Park KD. Electrically Tunable Single Polaritonic Quantum Dot at Room Temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:133001. [PMID: 38613300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons confined in plasmonic cavities are hybridized light-matter quasiparticles, with distinct optical characteristics compared to plasmons and excitons alone. Here, we demonstrate the electric tunability of a single polaritonic quantum dot operating at room temperature in electric-field tip-enhanced strong coupling spectroscopy. For a single quantum dot in the nanoplasmonic tip cavity with variable dc local electric field, we dynamically control the Rabi frequency with the corresponding polariton emission, crossing weak to strong coupling. We model the observed behaviors based on the quantum confined Stark effect in the strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin G Whetten
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Byong Jae Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Woo
- Digital Transformation R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Bae
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Moon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitae Joo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Lim
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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7
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Feng Y, Li H, Zhu M, Gao Y, Cai Q, Lu G, Dai X, Ye Z, He H. Nucleophilic Reaction-Enabled Chloride Modification on CsPbI 3 Quantum Dots for Pure Red Light-Emitting Diodes with Efficiency Exceeding 26 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318777. [PMID: 38258990 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
High-performance pure red perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with an emission wavelength shorter than 650 nm are ideal for wide-color-gamut displays, yet remain an unprecedented challenge to progress. Mixed-halide CsPb(Br/I)3 emitter-based PeLEDs suffer spectral stability induced by halide phase segregation and CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) suffer from a compromise between emission wavelength and electroluminescence efficiency. Here, we demonstrate efficient pure red PeLEDs with an emission centered at 638 nm based on PbClx -modified CsPbI3 QDs. A nucleophilic reaction that releases chloride ions and manipulates the ligand equilibrium of the colloidal system is developed to synthesize the pure red emission QDs. The comprehensive structural and spectroscopic characterizations evidence the formation of PbClx outside the CsPbI3 QDs, which regulates exciton recombination and prevents the exciton from dissociation induced by surface defects. In consequence, PeLEDs based on PbClx -modified CsPbI3 QDs with superior optoelectronic properties demonstrate stable electroluminescence spectra at high driving voltages, a record external quantum efficiency of 26.1 %, optimal efficiency roll-off of 16.0 % at 1000 cd m-2 , and a half lifetime of 7.5 hours at 100 cd m-2 , representing the state-of-the-art pure red PeLEDs. This work provides new insight into constructing the carrier-confined structure on perovskite QDs for high-performance PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Meiyi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Yun Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiuting Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guochao Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou, 325006, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou, 325006, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Haiping He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, Wenzhou, 325006, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi, 030000, China
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8
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Wang Z, Tang J, Han J, Xia J, Ma T, Chen XW. Bright Nonblinking Photoluminescence with Blinking Lifetime from a Nanocavity-Coupled Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1761-1768. [PMID: 38261791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are excellent luminescent nanomaterials for many optoelectronic applications. However, photoluminescence blinking has limited their practical use. Coupling QDs to plasmonic nanostructures shows potential in suppressing blinking. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and debated, hampering the development of bright nonblinking dots. Here, by deterministically coupling a QD to a plasmonic nanocavity, we clarify the mechanism and demonstrate unprecedented single-QD brightness. In particular, we report for the first time that a blinking QD could obtain nonblinking photoluminescence with a blinking lifetime through coupling to the nanocavity. We show that the plasmon-enhanced radiative decay outcompetes the nonradiative Auger process, enabling similar quantum yields for charged and neutral excitons in the same dot. Meanwhile, we demonstrate a record photon detection rate of 17 MHz from a colloidal QD, indicating an experimental photon generation rate of more than 500 MHz. These findings pave the way for ultrabright nonblinking QDs, benefiting diverse QD-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Han
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianzi Ma
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, P. R. China
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9
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Jin L, Liu J, Liu X, Benetti D, Selopal GS, Tong X, Hamzehpoor E, Li F, Perepichka DF, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Rational Control of Near-Infrared Colloidal Thick-Shell Eco-Friendly Quantum Dots for Solar Energy Conversion. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300133. [PMID: 37075734 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Thick-shell colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising building blocks for solar technologies due to their size/composition/shape-tunable properties. However, most well-performed thick-shell QDs suffer from frequent use of toxic metal elements including Pb and Cd, and inadequate light absorption in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) region due to the wide bandgap of the shell. In this work, eco-friendly AgInSe2 /AgInS2 core/shell QDs, which are optically active in the NIR region and are suitable candidates to fabricate devices for solar energy conversion, are developed. Direct synthesis suffers from simultaneously controlling the reactivity of multiple precursors, instead, a template-assisted cation exchange method is used. By modulating the monolayer growth of template QDs, gradient AgInSeS shell layers are incorporated into AgInSe2 /AgInS2 QDs. The resulting AgInSe2 /AgInSeS/AgInS2 exhibits better charge transfer than AgInSe2 /AgInS2 due to their favorable electronic band alignment, as predicted by first-principle calculations and confirmed by transient fluorescence spectroscopy. The photoelectrochemical cells fabricated with AgInSe2 /AgInSeS/AgInS2 QDs present ≈1.5-fold higher current density and better stability compared to AgInSe2 /AgInS2 . The findings define a promising approach toward multinary QDs and pave the way for engineering the QDs' electronic band structures for solar-energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Xin Liu
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Daniele Benetti
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Faying Li
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1P7, Canada
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10
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Chen Z, Li H, Yuan C, Gao P, Su Q, Chen S. Color Revolution: Prospects and Challenges of Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diode Display Technologies. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300359. [PMID: 37357153 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on colloidal quantum-dots (QDs) such as CdSe, InP, and ZnSeTe feature a unique advantage of narrow emission linewidth of ≈20 nm, which can produce highly accurate colors, making them a highly promising technology for the realization of displays with Rec. 2020 color gamut. With the rapid development in the past decades, the performances of red and green QLEDs have been remarkably improved, and their efficiency and lifetime can almost meet industrial requirements. However, the industrialization of QLED displays still faces many challenges; for example, (1) the device mechanisms including the charge injection/transport/leakage, exciton quenching, and device degradation are still unclear, which fundamentally limit QLED performance improvement; (2) the blue performances including the efficiency, chromaticity, and stability are relatively low, which are still far from the requirements of practical applications; (3) the color patterning processes including the ink-jet printing, transfer printing, and photolithography are still immature, which restrict the manufacturing of high resolution full-color QLED displays. Here, the recent advancements attempting to address the above challenges of QLED displays are specifically reviewed. After a brief overview of QLED development history, device structure/principle, and performances, the main focus is to investigate the recent discoveries on device mechanisms with an emphasis on device degradation. Then recent progress is introduced in blue QLEDs and color patterning. Finally, the opportunities, challenges, solutions, and future research directions of QLED displays are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Haotao Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Cuixia Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Peili Gao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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11
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Morad V, Stelmakh A, Svyrydenko M, Feld LG, Boehme SC, Aebli M, Affolter J, Kaul CJ, Schrenker NJ, Bals S, Sahin Y, Dirin DN, Cherniukh I, Raino G, Baumketner A, Kovalenko MV. Designer phospholipid capping ligands for soft metal halide nanocrystals. Nature 2024; 626:542-548. [PMID: 38109940 PMCID: PMC10866715 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The success of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in science and optoelectronics is inextricable from their surfaces. The functionalization of lead halide perovskite NCs1-5 poses a formidable challenge because of their structural lability, unlike the well-established covalent ligand capping of conventional semiconductor NCs6,7. We posited that the vast and facile molecular engineering of phospholipids as zwitterionic surfactants can deliver highly customized surface chemistries for metal halide NCs. Molecular dynamics simulations implied that ligand-NC surface affinity is primarily governed by the structure of the zwitterionic head group, particularly by the geometric fitness of the anionic and cationic moieties into the surface lattice sites, as corroborated by the nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data. Lattice-matched primary-ammonium phospholipids enhance the structural and colloidal integrity of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites (FAPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 (FA, formamidinium; MA, methylammonium)) and lead-free metal halide NCs. The molecular structure of the organic ligand tail governs the long-term colloidal stability and compatibility with solvents of diverse polarity, from hydrocarbons to acetone and alcohols. These NCs exhibit photoluminescence quantum yield of more than 96% in solution and solids and minimal photoluminescence intermittency at the single particle level with an average ON fraction as high as 94%, as well as bright and high-purity (about 95%) single-photon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Morad
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andriy Stelmakh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mariia Svyrydenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Feld
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joel Affolter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Kaul
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadine J Schrenker
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yesim Sahin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Raino
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrij Baumketner
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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12
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Lubotzky B, Nazarov A, Abudayyeh H, Antoniuk L, Lettner N, Agafonov V, Bennett AV, Majumder S, Chandrasekaran V, Bowes EG, Htoon H, Hollingsworth JA, Kubanek A, Rapaport R. Room-Temperature Fiber-Coupled Single-Photon Sources based on Colloidal Quantum Dots and SiV Centers in Back-Excited Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:640-648. [PMID: 38166209 PMCID: PMC11139382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate an important step toward on-chip integration of single-photon sources at room temperature. Excellent photon directionality is achieved with a hybrid metal-dielectric bullseye antenna, while back-excitation is permitted by placement of the emitter in a subwavelength hole positioned at its center. The unique design enables a direct back-excitation and very efficient front coupling of emission either to a low numerical aperture (NA) optics or directly to an optical fiber. To show the versatility of the concept, we fabricate devices containing either a colloidal quantum dot or a nanodiamond containing silicon-vacancy centers, which are accurately positioned using two different nanopositioning methods. Both of these back-excited devices display front collection efficiencies of ∼70% at NAs as low as 0.5. The combination of back-excitation with forward directionality enables direct coupling of the emitted photons into a proximal optical fiber without any coupling optics, thereby facilitating and simplifying future integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Lubotzky
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alexander Nazarov
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Hamza Abudayyeh
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lukas Antoniuk
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Niklas Lettner
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center
for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anastasia V. Bennett
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Somak Majumder
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Vigneshwaran Chandrasekaran
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Eric G. Bowes
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Hollingsworth
- Materials
Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Alexander Kubanek
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center
for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ronen Rapaport
- Racah
Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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13
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Diroll BT, Hua M, Guzelturk B, Pálmai M, Tomczak K. Long-Lived and Bright Biexcitons in Quantum Dots with Parabolic Band Potentials. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11975-11981. [PMID: 38079425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple exciton physics in semiconductor nanocrystals play an important role in optoelectronic devices. This work investigates radially alloyed CdZnSe/CdS nanocrystals with suppressed Auger recombination due to the spatial separation of carriers, which also underpins their performance in optical gain and scintillation experiments. Due to suppressed Auger recombination, the biexciton lifetime is greater than 10 ns, much longer than most nanocrystals. The samples show optical gain, amplified spontaneous emission, and lasing at thresholds <2 excitons per particle. They also show broad gain bandwidth (>500 meV) encompassing 4 amplified spontaneous emission bands. Similarly enabled by slowed multiple exciton relaxation, the samples display strong performance in scintillating films under X-ray illumination. The CdZnSe/CdS samples have fast radioluminescence rise (<80 ps) and decay times (<5 ns), light yields up to 6700 photons·MeV-1, and the demonstrated capacity for incorporation into large area films for scintillation imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Muchuan Hua
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Marcell Pálmai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Kyle Tomczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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14
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Ye Y, Lin X, Fang W. Room-Temperature Single-Photon Sources Based on Colloidal Quantum Dots: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7684. [PMID: 38138825 PMCID: PMC10744688 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources (SPSs) play a crucial role in quantum photonics, and colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as promising and cost-effective candidates for such applications due to their high-purity single-photon emission at room temperature. This review focuses on various aspects of CQDs as SPSs. Firstly, a brief overview of the fundamental optical properties of CQDs is provided, including emission wavelength engineering and fluorescence intermittency, and their single-photon emission properties. Subsequently, this review delves into research concerning CQDs as SPSs, covering topics such as the coupling of single CQDs to microcavities, both in weak and strong coupling regimes. Additionally, methods for localizing and positioning CQDs are explored, which are critical for on-chip SPSs devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Ye
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Xing Lin
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
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15
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Lei H, Liu S, Li J, Li C, Qin H, Peng X. Band-Edge Energy Levels of Dynamic Excitons in Cube-Shaped CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21962-21972. [PMID: 37901990 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
An electron-hole pair in a cube-shaped CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystal exists in the form of dynamic excitons across the strongly and weakly confined regimes under ambient temperatures. Photochemical doping is applied to distinguish the band-edge electron and hole levels, confirming an effective mass model with universal constants. Reduction of the optical bandgap upon epitaxy of the CdS shells is caused by lowering the band-edge electron level and barely affecting the band-edge hole level. Similar shifts of the electron levels, yet retaining the hole levels, can switch the order in energy of the three lowest-energy transitions. Thermal distribution of 1-4 electrons among the two thermally accessible electron levels follows number-counting statistics, instead of Fermi-Dirac distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiongzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chuyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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16
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Li S, Hu F, Bi Y, Yang H, Lv B, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xiao M, Wang X. Micrometer-Scale Carrier Transport in the Solid Film of Giant CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals Imaged by Transient Absorption Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9887-9893. [PMID: 37870769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
For the practical applications in solar cells and photodetectors, semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) are assembled into a high-concentration film with carrier transport characteristics, the full understanding and effective control of which are critical for the achievement of high light-to-electricity conversion efficiencies. Here we have applied transient absorption microscopy to the solid film of giant CdSe/CdS NCs and discovered that at high pump fluences the carrier transport could reach a long distance of ∼2 μm within ∼30 ps after laser pulse excitation. This intriguing behavior is attributed to the metal-insulator transition and the associated bandlike transport, which are promoted by the enhanced electronic coupling among neighboring NCs with extended wave functions overlap of the excited-state charge carriers. Besides providing fundamental transport information in the regime of high laser pump fluences, the above findings shed light on the rational design of high-power light detecting schemes based on colloidal NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fengrui Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanfeng Bi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Advanced Photonic Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bihu Lv
- Department of Scientific Facilities Development and Management, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Advanced Photonic Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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17
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Samaeifar F, Azadinia M, Aziz H. Lifetime enhancement in QDLEDs via an electron-blocking hole transport layer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18698. [PMID: 37907631 PMCID: PMC10618160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of an engineered hole transport layer (HTL) on the stability of electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting devices (QDLEDs). The 9-Phenyl-3,6-bis(9-phenyl-9Hcarbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazole (Tris-PCz) HTL, which possesses a shallower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level compared to the widely used 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) HTL, is employed to confine electron overflow toward the HTL. Utilizing the Tris-PCz HTL results in a 20× improvement in the electroluminescence half-life (LT50) of QDLEDs compared with conventional QDLEDs using the CBP HTL. Electric and optoelectronic analyses reveal that the migration of excess electrons toward the HTL is impeded by the up-shifted LUMO level of Tris-PCz, contributing to prolonged operational device stability. Furthermore, the augmented electric field at the QD/Tris-PCz interface, due to accumulated electrons, expedites hole injection rates, leading to better charge injection balance and the confinement of the exciton recombination zone within the QD and thus the device stability enhancement. This study highlights the significant influence of the HTL on QDLED stability and represents one of the longest LT50 for a QDLED based on the conventional core/shell QD structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Samaeifar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Mohsen Azadinia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hany Aziz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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18
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Chavda VP, Balar PC, Nalla LV, Bezbaruah R, Gogoi NR, Gajula SNR, Peng B, Meena AS, Conde J, Prasad R. Conjugated Nanoparticles for Solid Tumor Theranostics: Unraveling the Interplay of Known and Unknown Factors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37654-37684. [PMID: 37867666 PMCID: PMC10586263 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer diagnoses have been increasing worldwide, and solid tumors are among the leading contributors to patient mortality, creating an enormous burden on the global healthcare system. Cancer is responsible for around 10.3 million deaths worldwide. Solid tumors are one of the most prevalent cancers observed in recent times. On the other hand, early diagnosis is a significant challenge that could save a person's life. Treatment with existing methods has pitfalls that limit the successful elimination of the disorder. Though nanoparticle-based imaging and therapeutics have shown a significant impact in healthcare, current methodologies for solid tumor treatment are insufficient. There are multiple complications associated with the diagnosis and management of solid tumors as well. Recently, surface-conjugated nanoparticles such as lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots have shown positive results in solid tumor diagnostics and therapeutics in preclinical models. Other nanotheranostic material platforms such as plasmonic theranostics, magnetotheranostics, hybrid nanotheranostics, and graphene theranostics have also been explored. These nanoparticle theranostics ensure the appropriate targeting of tumors along with selective delivery of cargos (both imaging and therapeutic probes) without affecting the surrounding healthy tissues. Though they have multiple applications, nanoparticles still possess numerous limitations that need to be addressed in order to be fully utilized in the clinic. In this review, we outline the importance of materials and design strategies used to engineer nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of solid tumors and how effectively each method overcomes the drawbacks of the current techniques. We also highlight the gaps in each material platform and how design considerations can address their limitations in future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380001, India
| | - Pankti C. Balar
- Pharmacy
Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380001, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department
of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Dibrugarh, 786004 Assam, India
| | - Niva Rani Gogoi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Dibrugarh, 786004 Assam, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Berney Peng
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California at Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- Department
of Biotechnology, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics,
NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas,
NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- School
of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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19
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Fu W, Yin J, Cao H, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Fu J, Warner JH, Wang C, Jia X, Greaves GN, Cheetham AK. Non-Blinking Luminescence from Charged Single Graphene Quantum Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304074. [PMID: 37395476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence blinking behavior from single quantum dots under steady illumination is an important but controversial topic. Its occurrence has impeded the use of single quantum dots in bioimaging. Different mechanisms have been proposed to account for it, although controversial, the most important of which is the non-radiative Auger recombination mechanism whereby photocharging of quantum dots can lead to the blinking phenomenon. Here, the singly charged trion, which maintains photon emission, including radiative recombination and non-radiative Auger recombination, leads to fluorescence non-blinking which is observed in photocharged single graphene quantum dots (GQDs). This phenomenon can be explained in terms of different energy levels in the GQDs, caused by various oxygen-containing functional groups in the single GQDs. The suppressed blinking is due to the filling of trap sites owing to a Coulomb blockade. These results provide a profound understanding of the special optical properties of GQDs, affording a reference for further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiefu Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huaqiang Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhongfu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - G Neville Greaves
- Department of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3BZ, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Anthony K Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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20
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Bera S, Sahu P, Dutta A, Nobile C, Pradhan N, Cozzoli PD. Partial Chemicalization of Nanoscale Metals: An Intra-Material Transformative Approach for the Synthesis of Functional Colloidal Metal-Semiconductor Nanoheterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305985. [PMID: 37724799 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructuring colloidal nanocrystals into multicomponent modular constructs, where domains of distinct metal and semiconductor phases are interconnected through bonding interfaces, is a consolidated approach to advanced breeds of solution-processable hybrid nanomaterials capable of expressing richly tunable and even entirely novel physical-chemical properties and functionalities. To meet the challenges posed by the wet-chemical synthesis of metal-semiconductor nanoheterostructures and to overcome some intrinsic limitations of available protocols, innovative transformative routes, based on the paradigm of partial chemicalization, have recently been devised within the framework of the standard seeded-growth scheme. These techniques involve regiospecific replacement reactions on preformed nanocrystal substrates, thus holding great synthetic potential for programmable configurational diversification. This review article illustrates achievements so far made in the elaboration of metal-semiconductor nanoheterostructures with tailored arrangements of their component modules by means of conversion pathways that leverage on spatially controlled partial chemicalization of mono- and bi-metallic seeds. The advantages and limitations of these approaches are discussed within the context of the most plausible mechanisms underlying the evolution of the nanoheterostructures in liquid media. Representative physical-chemical properties and applications of chemicalization-derived metal-semiconductor nanoheterostructures are emphasized. Finally, prospects for developments in the field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bera
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Puspanjali Sahu
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Concetta Nobile
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, UOS di Lecce, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences (IACS), Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - P Davide Cozzoli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- UdR INSTM di Lecce, c/o Università del Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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21
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Dalui A, Ariga K, Acharya S. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: from bottom-up nanoarchitectonics to energy harvesting applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10835-10865. [PMID: 37608724 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively investigated owing to their unique properties induced by the quantum confinement effect. The advent of colloidal synthesis routes led to the design of stable colloidal NCs with uniform size, shape, and composition. Metal oxides, phosphides, and chalcogenides (ZnE, CdE, PbE, where E = S, Se, or Te) are few of the most important monocomponent semiconductor NCs, which show excellent optoelectronic properties. The ability to build quantum confined heterostructures comprising two or more semiconductor NCs offer greater customization and tunability of properties compared to their monocomponent counterparts. More recently, the halide perovskite NCs showed exceptional optoelectronic properties for energy generation and harvesting applications. Numerous applications including photovoltaic, photodetectors, light emitting devices, catalysis, photochemical devices, and solar driven fuel cells have demonstrated using these NCs in the recent past. Overall, semiconductor NCs prepared via the colloidal synthesis route offer immense potential to become an alternative to the presently available device applications. This feature article will explore the progress of NCs syntheses with outstanding potential to control the shape and spatial dimensionality required for photovoltaic, light emitting diode, and photocatalytic applications. We also attempt to address the challenges associated with achieving high efficiency devices with the NCs and possible solutions including interface engineering, packing control, encapsulation chemistry, and device architecture engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dalui
- Department of Chemistry, Jogamaya Devi College, Kolkata-700026, India
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India.
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22
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Li Z, Channa AI, Wang ZM, Tong X. Tailoring Eco-Friendly Colloidal Quantum Dots for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2305146. [PMID: 37632304 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell is able to realize effective solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion from water by using the semiconductor photoelectrode. Semiconducting colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with captivating features of size-tunable optoelectronic properties and broad light absorption are regarded as promising photosensitizers in solar-driven PEC systems. Up to now, different types of QDs have been developed to achieve high-efficiency PEC H2 generation, while the majority of state-of-the-art QDs-PEC systems are still fabricated from QDs consisting of heavy metals (e.g., Cd and Pb), which are extremely harmful to the human health and natural environment. In this context, substantial efforts have been made to mitigate the usage of highly toxic heavy metals and concurrently promote the development of alternative environment-friendly QDs with comparable features. This review presents recent advances of solar-driven PEC devices based on several typical environment-friendly QDs (e.g., carbon QDs, I-III-VI QDs and III-V QDs). A variety of techniques (e.g., shell thickness tuning, alloying/doping, and ligands exchange, etc.) to engineer these QD's optoelectronic properties and achieve high-efficiency PEC H2 production are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the critical challenges and future perspectives of advanced eco-friendly QDs-PEC systems in terms of QDs' synthesis, photo-induced charge kinetics, and operation stability/efficiency are briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojian Li
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ali Imran Channa
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tong
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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23
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Alo A, Barros LWT, Nagamine G, Lemus JC, Planelles J, Movilla JL, Climente JI, Lee HJ, Bae WK, Padilha LA. Beyond Universal Volume Scaling: Tailoring Two-Photon Absorption in Nanomaterials by Heterostructure Design. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7180-7187. [PMID: 37506366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanomaterials present broadband, with large cross-section, two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra, which turn them into an important platform for applications that benefit from a high nonlinear optical response. Despite that, to date, the only means to control the magnitude of the 2PA cross-section is by changing the nanoparticle volume, as it follows a universal volume scale, independent of the material composition. As the emission spectrum is connected utterly to the nanomaterial dimensions, for a given material, the magnitude of the nonlinear optical response is also coupled to the emission spectra. Here, we demonstrate a means to decouple both effects by exploring the 2PA response of different types of heterostructures, tailoring the volume dependence of the 2PA cross-section due to the different dependence of the density of final states on the nanoparticle volume. By heterostructure engineering, one can obtain 1 order of magnitude enhancement of the 2PA cross-section with minimum emission spectra shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Alo
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo W T Barros
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nagamine
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan C Lemus
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josep Planelles
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| | - José L Movilla
- Departament d'Educació i Didàctiques Específiques, Universitat Jaume I, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan I Climente
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080, Castelló, Spain
| | - Hak June Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Lazaro A Padilha
- Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6165, 13083-859 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Gupta A, Ondry JC, Lin K, Chen Y, Hudson MH, Chen M, Schaller RD, Rossini AJ, Rabani E, Talapin DV. Composition-Defined Optical Properties and the Direct-to-Indirect Transition in Core-Shell In 1-xGa xP/ZnS Colloidal Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37466972 PMCID: PMC10401719 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors are commonly divided into materials with direct or indirect band gaps based on the relative positions of the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band in crystal momentum (k) space. It has, however, been debated if k is a useful quantum number to describe the band structure in quantum-confined nanocrystalline systems, which blur the distinction between direct and indirect gap semiconductors. In bulk III-V semiconductor alloys like In1-xGaxP, the band structure can be tuned continuously from the direct- to indirect-gap by changing the value of x. The effect of strong quantum confinement on the direct-to-indirect transition in this system has yet to be established because high-quality colloidal nanocrystal samples have remained inaccessible. Herein, we report one of the first systematic studies of ternary III-V nanocrystals by utilizing an optimized molten-salt In-to-Ga cation exchange protocol to yield bright In1-xGaxP/ZnS core-shell particles with photoluminescence quantum yields exceeding 80%. We performed two-dimensional solid-state NMR studies to assess the alloy homogeneity and the extent of surface oxidation in In1-xGaxP cores. The radiative decay lifetime for In1-xGaxP/ZnS monotonically increases with higher gallium content. Transient absorption studies on In1-xGaxP/ZnS nanocrystals demonstrate signatures of direct- and indirect-like behavior based on the presence or absence, respectively, of excitonic bleach features. Atomistic electronic structure calculations based on the semi-empirical pseudopotential model are used to calculate absorption spectra and radiative lifetimes and evaluate band-edge degeneracy; the resulting calculated electronic properties are consistent with experimental observations. By studying photoluminescence characteristics at elevated temperatures, we demonstrate that a reduced lattice mismatch at the III-V/II-VI core-shell interface can enhance the thermal stability of emission. These insights establish cation exchange in molten inorganic salts as a viable synthetic route to nontoxic, high-quality In1-xGaxP/ZnS QD emitters with desirable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritrajit Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yunhua Chen
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Margaret H Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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25
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Abstract
Lasers and optical amplifiers based on solution-processable materials have been long-desired devices for their compatibility with virtually any substrate, scalability, and ease of integration with on-chip photonics and electronics. These devices have been pursued across a wide range of materials including polymers, small molecules, perovskites, and chemically prepared colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, also commonly referred to as colloidal quantum dots. The latter materials are especially attractive for implementing optical-gain media as in addition to being compatible with inexpensive and easily scalable chemical techniques, they offer multiple advantages derived from a zero-dimensional character of their electronic states. These include a size-tunable emission wavelength, low optical gain thresholds, and weak sensitivity of lasing characteristics to variations in temperature. Here we review the status of colloidal nanocrystal lasing devices, most recent advances in this field, outstanding challenges, and the ongoing progress toward technological viable devices including colloidal quantum dot laser diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyoung Ahn
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Clément Livache
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Valerio Pinchetti
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, C-PCS, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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26
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Nguyen HA, Dixon G, Dou FY, Gallagher S, Gibbs S, Ladd DM, Marino E, Ondry JC, Shanahan JP, Vasileiadou ES, Barlow S, Gamelin DR, Ginger DS, Jonas DM, Kanatzidis MG, Marder SR, Morton D, Murray CB, Owen JS, Talapin DV, Toney MF, Cossairt BM. Design Rules for Obtaining Narrow Luminescence from Semiconductors Made in Solution. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37311205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed semiconductors are in demand for present and next-generation optoelectronic technologies ranging from displays to quantum light sources because of their scalability and ease of integration into devices with diverse form factors. One of the central requirements for semiconductors used in these applications is a narrow photoluminescence (PL) line width. Narrow emission line widths are needed to ensure both color and single-photon purity, raising the question of what design rules are needed to obtain narrow emission from semiconductors made in solution. In this review, we first examine the requirements for colloidal emitters for a variety of applications including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and quantum information science. Next, we will delve into the sources of spectral broadening, including "homogeneous" broadening from dynamical broadening mechanisms in single-particle spectra, heterogeneous broadening from static structural differences in ensemble spectra, and spectral diffusion. Then, we compare the current state of the art in terms of emission line width for a variety of colloidal materials including II-VI quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets, III-V QDs, alloyed QDs, metal-halide perovskites including nanocrystals and 2D structures, doped nanocrystals, and, finally, as a point of comparison, organic molecules. We end with some conclusions and connections, including an outline of promising paths forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Grant Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Stephen Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dylan M Ladd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - James P Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David M Jonas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel Morton
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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27
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Li SN, Pan JL, Yu YJ, Zhao F, Wang YK, Liao LS. Advances in Solution-Processed Blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101695. [PMID: 37242111 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been identified as a next-generation display technology owing to their low-cost manufacturing, wide color gamut, and electrically driven self-emission properties. However, the efficiency and stability of blue QLEDs still pose a significant challenge, limiting their production and potential application. This review aims to analyse the factors leading to the failure of blue QLEDs and presents a roadmap to accelerate their development based on the progress made in the synthesis of II-VI (CdSe, ZnSe) quantum dots (QDs), III-V (InP) QDs, carbon dots, and perovskite QDs. The proposed analysis will include discussions on material synthesis, core-shell structures, ligand interactions, and device fabrication, providing a comprehensive overview of these materials and their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jia-Lin Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan-Jun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
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28
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Lei H, Li T, Li J, Zhu J, Zhang H, Qin H, Kong X, Wang L, Peng X. Reversible Facet Reconstruction of CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals by Facet-Ligand Pairing. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6798-6810. [PMID: 36942751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals with defined facet structures is challenging, though such nanocrystals are essential for fully realizing their size-dependent optical and optoelectronic properties. Here, for the mostly developed colloidal wurtzite CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals, facet reconstruction is investigated under typical synthetic conditions, excluding nucleation, growth, and interparticle ripening. Within the reaction time window, two reproducible sets of facets─each with a specific group of low-index facets─can be reversibly reconstructed by switching the ligand system, indicating thermodynamic stability of each set. With a unique <0001> axis, atomic structures of the low-index facets of wurtzite nanocrystals are diverse. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that each facet in a given set is paired with a common ligand in the solution, namely, either fatty amine and/or cadmium alkanoate. The robust bonding modes of ligands are found to be strongly facet-dependent and often unconventional, instead of following Green's classification. Results suggest that facet-controlled nanocrystals can be synthesized by optimal facet-ligand pairing either in synthesis or after-synthesis reconstruction, implying semiconductor nanocrystal formation with size-dependent properties down to an atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tenghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiongzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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29
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Li Z, Song J, Li A, Shen H, Du Z. Improving the performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes by tailoring QD emitters. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3585-3593. [PMID: 36727444 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the emitters of quantum dots (QDs) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), QDs, which are responsible for the charge injection, charge transportation, and especially exciton recombination, play a significant role in QLEDs. With the crucial advances made in QDs, such as the advancement of synthetic methods and the understanding of luminescence mechanisms, QLEDs also demonstrate a dramatic improvement. Until now, efficiencies of 30.9%, 28.7% and 21.9% have been achieved in red, green and blue devices, respectively. However, in QLEDs, some issues are still to be solved, such as the imbalance of charge injection and exciton quenching processes (defect-assisted recombination, Auger recombination, energy transfer and exciton dissociation under a high electric field). In this review, we will provide an overview of recent advances in the study and understanding of the working mechanism of QLEDs and the exciton quenching mechanism of QDs in devices. Particular emphasis is placed on improving charge injection and suppressing exciton quenching. An in-depth understanding of this progress may help develop guidelines to direct QLED development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohan Li
- College of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China.
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Song
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Anming Li
- College of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China.
| | - Huaibin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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30
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Morozov S, Vezzoli S, Myslovska A, Di Giacomo A, Mortensen NA, Moreels I, Sapienza R. Purifying single photon emission from giant shell CdSe/CdS quantum dots at room temperature. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1645-1651. [PMID: 36597874 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04744f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Giant shell CdSe/CdS quantum dots are bright and flexible emitters, with near-unity quantum yield and suppressed blinking, but their single photon purity is reduced by efficient multiexcitonic emission. We report the observation, at the single dot level, of a large blueshift of the photoluminescence biexciton spectrum (24 ± 5 nm over a sample of 32 dots) for pure-phase wurtzite quantum dots. By spectral filtering, we demonstrate a 2.3 times reduction of the biexciton quantum yield relative to the exciton emission, while preserving as much as 60% of the exciton single photon emission, thus improving the purity from g2(0) = 0.07 ± 0.01 to g2(0) = 0.03 ± 0.01. At a larger pump fluency, spectral purification is even more effective with up to a 6.6 times reduction in g2(0), which is due to the suppression of higher order excitons and shell states experiencing even larger blueshifts. Our results indicate the potential for the synthesis of engineered giant shell quantum dots, with further increased biexciton blueshifts, for quantum optical applications requiring both high purity and brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Morozov
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Stefano Vezzoli
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK.
| | - Alina Myslovska
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Alessio Di Giacomo
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - N Asger Mortensen
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK.
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31
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Neuhaus SJ, Marino E, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Frequency Stabilization and Optically Tunable Lasing in Colloidal Quantum Dot Superparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:645-651. [PMID: 36602545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled superparticles composed of colloidal quantum dots establish microsphere cavities that support optically pumped lasing from whispering gallery modes. Here, we report on the time- and excitation fluence-dependent lasing properties of CdSe/CdS quantum dot superparticles. Spectra collected under constant photoexcitation reveal that the lasing modes are not temporally stable but instead blue-shift by more than 30 meV over 15 min. To counter this effect, we establish a high-fluence light-soaking protocol that reduces this blue-shift by more than an order of magnitude to 1.7 ± 0.5 meV, with champion superparticles displaying mode blue-shifts of <0.5 meV. Increasing the pump fluence allows for optically controlled, reversible, color-tunable red-to-green lasing. Combining these two paradigms suggests that quantum dot superparticles could serve in applications as low-cost, robust, solution-processable, tunable microlasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Neuhaus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123Palermo, Italy
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and System Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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32
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Nguyen HA, Sharp D, Fröch JE, Cai YY, Wu S, Monahan M, Munley C, Manna A, Majumdar A, Kagan CR, Cossairt BM. Deterministic Quantum Light Arrays from Giant Silica-Shelled Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4294-4302. [PMID: 36507852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for single-photon sources with applications in photonic quantum information technologies. Developing practical photonic quantum devices with colloidal materials, however, requires scalable deterministic placement of stable single QD emitters. In this work, we describe a method to exploit QD size to facilitate deterministic positioning of single QDs into large arrays while maintaining their photostability and single-photon emission properties. CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs were encapsulated in silica to both increase their physical size without perturbing their quantum-confined emission and enhance their photostability. These giant QDs were then precisely positioned into ordered arrays using template-assisted self-assembly with a 75% yield for single QDs. We show that the QDs before and after assembly exhibit antibunching behavior at room temperature and their optical properties are retained after an extended period of time. Together, this bottom-up synthetic approach via silica shelling and the robust template-assisted self-assembly offer a unique strategy to produce scalable quantum photonics platforms using colloidal QDs as single-photon emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - David Sharp
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Johannes E Fröch
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shenwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Madison Monahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Christopher Munley
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Arnab Manna
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
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33
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Ashokan A, Han J, Hutchison JA, Mulvaney P. Spectroelectrochemistry of CdSe/Cd xZn 1-xS Nanoplatelets. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1247-1254. [PMID: 36629376 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report an unexpected enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) in CdSe-based core/shell nanoplatelets (NPLs) upon electrochemical hole injection. Moderate hole doping densities induce an enhancement of more than 50% in PL intensity. This is accompanied by a narrowing and blue-shift of the PL spectrum. Simultaneous, time-resolved PL experiments reveal a slower luminescence decay. Such hole-induced PL brightening in NPLs is in stark contrast to the usual observation of PL quenching of CdSe-based quantum dots following hole injection. We propose that hole injection removes surface traps responsible for the formation of negative trions, thereby blocking nonradiative Auger processes. Continuous photoexcitation causes the enhanced PL intensity to decrease back to its initial level, indicating that photocharging is a key step leading to loss of PL luminescence during normal aging. Modulating the potential can be used to reversibly enhance or quench the PL, which enables electro-optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ashokan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria3010, Australia
| | - Jiho Han
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria3010, Australia
| | - James A Hutchison
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria3010, Australia
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria3010, Australia
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34
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Heteroepitaxial chemistry of zinc chalcogenides on InP nanocrystals for defect-free interfaces with atomic uniformity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:43. [PMID: 36596807 PMCID: PMC9810615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroepitaxy on colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals is an essential strategy for manipulating their optoelectronic functionalities. However, their practical synthesis typically leads to scattered and unexpected outcomes due to the intervention of multiple reaction pathways associated with complicated side products of reactants. Here, the heteroepitaxy mechanism of zinc chalcogenide initiated on indium phosphide (InP) colloidal nanocrystals is elucidated using the precursors, zinc carboxylate and trialkylphosphine selenide. The high magnetic receptivity of 77Se and the characteristic longitudinal optical phonon mode of ZnSe allowed for monitoring the sequence of epilayer formation at the molecular level. The investigation revealed the sterically hindered acyloxytrialkylphosphonium and diacyloxytrialkylphosphorane to be main intermediates in the surface reaction, which retards the metal ion adsorption by a large steric hindrance. The transformation of adsorbates to the crystalline epilayer was disturbed by surface oxides. Raman scattering disclosed the pathway of secondary surface oxidation triggered by carboxylate ligands migrated from zinc carboxylate. The surface-initiated heteroepitaxy protocol is proposed to fabricate core/shell heterostructured nanocrystals with atomic-scale uniformity of epilayers. Despite the large lattice mismatch of ZnS to InP, we realised a uniform and interface defect-free ZnS epilayer (~0.3 nm thickness) on InP nanocrystals, as evidenced by a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 97.3%.
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35
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Chang JH, Jung D, Lee HJ, Shin D, Kim Y, Hahm D, Wang X, Lee DC, Hwang E, Park YS, Bae WK. Impact of Morphological Inhomogeneity on Excitonic States in Highly Mismatched Alloy ZnSe 1-XTe X Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11464-11472. [PMID: 36469328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ZnSe1-XTeX nanocrystals (NCs) are promising photon emitters with tunable emission across the violet to orange range and near-unity quantum yields. However, these NCs suffer from broad emission line widths and multiple exciton decay dynamics, which discourage their practicable use. Here, we explore the excitonic states in ZnSe1-XTeX NCs and their photophysical characteristics in relation to the morphological inhomogeneity of highly mismatched alloys. Ensemble and single-dot spectroscopic analysis of a series of ZnSe1-XTeX NC samples with varying Te ratios coupled with computational calculations shows that, due to the distinct electronegativity between Se and Te, nearest-neighbor Te pairs in ZnSe1-XTeX alloys create localized hole states spectrally distributed approximately 130 meV above the 1Sh level of homogeneous ZnSe1-XTeX NCs. This forms spatially separated excitons (delocalized electron and localized hole in trap), accounting for both inhomogeneous and homogeneous line width broadening with delayed recombination dynamics. Our results identify photophysical characteristics of excitonic states in NCs made of highly mismatched alloys and provide future research directions with potential implications for photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyuk Chang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Dongju Jung
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hak June Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Doyoon Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Youngdu Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Donghyo Hahm
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Xinbiao Wang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Doh C Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Euyheon Hwang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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36
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Pálmai M, Beckwith JS, Emerson NT, Zhao T, Kim EB, Yin S, Parajuli P, Tomczak K, Wang K, Sapkota B, Tien M, Jiang N, Klie RF, Yang H, Snee PT. Parabolic Potential Surfaces Localize Charge Carriers in Nonblinking Long-Lifetime "Giant" Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9470-9476. [PMID: 36455210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Materials for studying biological interactions and for alternative energy applications are continuously under development. Semiconductor quantum dots are a major part of this landscape due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. Size-dependent quantum confinement effects have been utilized to create materials with tunable bandgaps and Auger recombination rates. Other mechanisms of electronic structural control are under investigation as not all of a material's characteristics are affected by quantum confinement. Demonstrated here is a new structure-property concept that imparts the ability to spatially localize electrons or holes within a core/shell heterostructure by tuning the charge carrier's kinetic energy on a parabolic potential energy surface. This charge carrier separation results in extended radiative lifetimes and in continuous emission at the single-nanoparticle level. These properties enable new applications for optics, facilitate novel approaches such as time-gated single-particle imaging, and create inroads for the development of other new advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Pálmai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7061United States
| | - Joseph S Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544-0001United States
| | - Nyssa T Emerson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544-0001United States
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544-0001United States
| | - Eun Byoel Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7061United States
| | - Shuhui Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544-0001United States
| | - Prakash Parajuli
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7059United States
| | - Kyle Tomczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7061United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7061United States
| | - Bibash Sapkota
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7059United States
| | - Ming Tien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802-1503United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7061United States
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7059United States
| | - Haw Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544-0001United States
| | - Preston T Snee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607-7061United States
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37
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Wang J, Yuan Y, Schneider J, Zhou W, Zhu H, Cai T, Chen O. Quantum Dot-based Luminescent Solar Concentrators Fabricated through the Ultrasonic Spray-Coating Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41013-41021. [PMID: 36044296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are a class of wave-guiding devices that can harvest solar light and concentrate it to targeted smaller areas. When coupled with photovoltaic devices (PVs), LSCs hold the potential to be integrated into various application setups, especially for building facade integration toward net-zero-energy buildings. Developing reliable LSC fabrication methods with easy scalability, high adaptability, and device controllability has been an important research topic. In this work, we report an ultrasonic nebulization-assisted spray deposition technique to fabricate quantum dot (QD)-based LSCs (QD-LSCs). This method allows for the production of high-performance QD-LSCs with different device dimensions and geometries. In addition, the quality of the QD thin-film coating layer is relatively independent of the concentration and volume of the coating QD ink solution, allowing for deliberate programming and performance optimization of the resulting QD-LSC devices. We anticipate that this ultrasonic spray coating method can be widely applied to the manufacturing of high-quality LSC devices that are integrable to various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yucheng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jeremy Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Weijun Zhou
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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38
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Lv L, Liu S, Li J, Lei H, Qin H, Peng X. Synthesis of Weakly Confined, Cube-Shaped, and Monodisperse Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanocrystals with Unexpected Photophysical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16872-16882. [PMID: 36067446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-blende CdSe, CdS, and CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with a structure-matched shape (cube-shaped, edge length ≤30 nm) are synthesized via a universal scheme. With the edge length up to five times larger than exciton diameter of the bulk semiconductors, the nanocrystals exhibit novel properties in the weakly confined size regime, such as near-unity single exciton and biexciton photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields, single-nanocrystal PL nonblinking, mixed PL decay dynamics of exciton and free carriers with sub-microsecond monoexponential decay lifetime, and stable yet extremely narrow PL full width at half maximum (FWHM < 0.1 meV) at 1.8 K. Their monodisperse edge length, shape, and facet structure enable demonstration of unexpected yet size-dependent PL properties at room temperature, including unusually broad and abnormally size-dependent PL FWHM (∼100 meV), nonmonotonic size dependence of PL peak energy, and dual-peak single-exciton PL. Calculations suggest that these unusual properties should be originated from the band-edge electron/hole states of the dynamic-exciton, whose exciton binding energy is too small to hold the photogenerated electron-hole pair as a bonded Wannier exciton in a weakly confined nanocrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiongzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haixin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Lee KH, Noesges BA, McPherson C, Khan F, Brillson LJ, Winter JO. Oxidation of quantum dots encapsulated in block copolymer micelles as a function of polymer terminal charge. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11779-11789. [PMID: 35920737 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most high-quality quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized in the organic phase, and are often coated with polymers for use in aqueous biological environments. QDs can exhibit fluorescence losses during phase transfer, but evaluating underlying mechanisms (e.g., oxidation, surface etching, loss of colloidal stability) can be challenging because of variation in synthesis methods. Here, fluorescence stability of QDs encapsulated in block co-polymer (BCP) micelles was investigated as a function of BCP terminal functionalization (i.e., -OH, -COOH, and -NH2 groups) and synthesis method (i.e., electrohydrodynamic emulsification-mediated selfassembly (EE-SA), sonication, and manual shaking). Fluorescence losses, fluorescence intensity, energy spectra, and surface composition were assessed using spectrofluorometry and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (CL) with integrated X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). QDs passivated using charged BCPs exhibited 50-80% lower fluorescence intensity than those displaying neutral groups (e.g., -OH), which CL/XPS revealed to result from oxidation of surface Cd to CdO. Fluorescence losses were higher for processes with slow formation speed, but minimized in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) surfactant. These data suggest slower BCP aggregation kinetics rather than electrostatic chain repulsion facilitated QD oxidation. Thus, polymer coating method and BCP structure influence QD oxidation during phase transfer and should be selected to maximize fast aggregation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kil Ho Lee
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Brenton A Noesges
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chris McPherson
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Faiz Khan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Leonard J Brillson
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, 205 Dreese Lab, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica O Winter
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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40
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Shi L, Benetti D, Li F, Wei Q, Rosei F. Design of MOF-Derived NiO-Carbon Nanohybrids Photocathodes Sensitized with Quantum Dots for Solar Hydrogen Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201815. [PMID: 35521950 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) is a promising p-type material for a wide range of optoelectronic devices, as well as photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, traditional NiO photoelectrodes exhibit a wide bandgap (3.6 eV), intrinsic poor electrical conductivity, and low surface area, leading to low PEC systems performance. Herein, the authors explore a Ni-based metal-organic framework (MOF) template method to obtain hierarchical hollow spheres of carbon/NiO nanostructure by successive carbonization and oxidation treatments. After sensitization with core and core-shell quantum dots (QDs), the optimized NiO-photocathode exhibits a maximum current density of -93.6 µA cm-2 at 0 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) in neutral pH (6.8) and -285 µA cm-2 at -0.4 V versus RHE. Compared to pure NiO and single-core CdSe QDs, a 2.2-fold increase in photocurrent can be obtained. The improvement in the performance of this hybrid is not only due to the high surface area for loading QDs and light scattering, but also to the presence of a highly conductive carbon matrix that promotes fast charge transfer. The proposed MOFs-based NiO/carbon photocathode sensitized with QDs can be an effective strategy to improve the efficiency of metal oxide-based PEC systems for hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Daniele Benetti
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
| | - Faying Li
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
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41
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Tang Y, Qin Q, Yang H, Feng S, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xiao M, Wang X. Electrical control of biexciton Auger recombination in single CdSe/CdS nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7674-7681. [PMID: 35548946 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Auger recombination effect is strongly enhanced in semiconductor nanocrystals due to the quantum confinement, and various strategies in chemical synthesis have been employed so far to suppress this nonradiative decay pathway of multiple excitons. Here we apply external electric fields on single CdSe/CdS giant nanocrystals at room temperature, showing that the biexciton Auger and single-exciton radiative rates can be averagely decreased by ∼40 and ∼10%, respectively. In addition to a reduced overlap of the electron-hole wavefunctions, the large decrease of biexciton Auger rate could be contributed by the enhanced exciton-exciton repulsion, while the electron-hole exchange interaction might be weakened to cause the relatively small decrease of the single-exciton radiative rate. The above findings have thus proved that the external electric field can serve as a post-synthetic knob to tune the exciton recombination dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals towards their efficient applications in various optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qilin Qin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Shengnan Feng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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42
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Cocina A, Brechbühler R, Vonk SJW, Cui J, Rossinelli AA, Rojo H, Rabouw FT, Norris DJ. Nanophotonic Approach to Study Excited-State Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4145-4151. [PMID: 35506998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In semiconductor nanocrystals, excited electrons relax through multiple radiative and nonradiative pathways. This complexity complicates characterization of their decay processes with standard time- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies. Here, we exploit a simple nanophotonic approach to augment such measurements and to address open questions related to nanocrystal emission. We place nanocrystals at different distances from a gold reflector to affect radiative rates through variations in the local density of optical states. We apply this approach to spherical CdSe-based nanocrystals to probe the radiative efficiency and polarization properties of the lowest dark and bright excitons by analyzing temperature-dependent emission dynamics. For CdSe-based nanoplatelets, we identify the charge-carrier trapping mechanism responsible for strongly delayed emission. Our method, when combined with careful modeling of the influence of the nanophotonic environment on the relaxation dynamics, offers a versatile strategy to disentangle the complex excited-state decay pathways present in fluorescent nanocrystals as well as other emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario Cocina
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Brechbühler
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sander J W Vonk
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Cui
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henar Rojo
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Sun T, Tang M, Shi Y, Li B. MXenes Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Challenges. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200019. [PMID: 35352472 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MXenes have aroused widespread interest in the biomedical field owing to their remarkable photo-thermal conversion capabilities combined with large specific surface areas. MXenes quantum dots (MQDs) have been synthesized either by the physical or chemical methods based on MXenes as precursors, which possess smaller size, higher photoluminescence, coupled with low cytotoxicity and many beneficial properties of MXenes, thereby having potential biomedical applications. Given this, this review summarized the synthesis methods, optical, surface and biological properties of MQDs along with their practical applications in the field of biomedicine. Finally, the authors make an outlook towards the synthesis, properties and applications of MQDs in the future biomedicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiedong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.,Post-doctoral Mobile Research Station of Forestry Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Minglu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yangtian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.,Post-doctoral Mobile Research Station of Forestry Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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44
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Xie M, Tao CL, Zhang Z, Liu H, Wan S, Nie Y, Yang W, Wang X, Wu XJ, Tian Y. Nonblinking Colloidal Quantum Dots via Efficient Multiexciton Emission. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2371-2378. [PMID: 35254074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonblinking colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are significant to their applications as single-photon sources or light-emitting materials. Herein, a simple heat-up method was developed to synthesize high-qualityWZ-CdSe/CdS core-shell colloidal QDs, which achieved a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). It was found that the blinking behavior of such QDs was completely suppressed at high excitation intensities, and ultra-stable PL emission was observed. For this reason, a systematic investigation was conducted, revealing that the complete blinking suppression was attributed mainly to the efficient multiexciton emission at high excitation intensities. Such high-quality QDs with nonblinking behaviors and nearly ideal PL properties at high excitation intensities have massive potential applications in various robust conditions, including QD display screens, single-particle tracks, and single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen-Lei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sushu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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45
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Staechelin YU, Deffner M, Krohn S, Castillo Delgadillo C, Niehaus JS, Lange H. Carrier localization in zero-dimensional and one-dimensional CdSe–CdS heterostructures. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:061102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Deffner
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Shabani F, Dehghanpour Baruj H, Yurdakul I, Delikanli S, Gheshlaghi N, Isik F, Liu B, Altintas Y, Canımkurbey B, Demir HV. Deep-Red-Emitting Colloidal Quantum Well Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled through a Complex Design of Core/Crown/Double Shell Heterostructure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106115. [PMID: 34894078 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extending the emission peak wavelength of quasi-2D colloidal quantum wells has been an important quest to fully exploit the potential of these materials, which has not been possible due to the complications arising from the partial dissolution and recrystallization during growth to date. Here, the synthetic pathway of (CdSe/CdS)@(1-4 CdS/CdZnS) (core/crown)@(colloidal atomic layer deposition shell/hot injection shell) hetero-nanoplatelets (NPLs) using multiple techniques, which together enable highly efficient emission beyond 700 nm in the deep-red region, is proposed and demonstrated. Given the challenges of using conventional hot injection procedure, a method that allows to obtain sufficiently thick and passivated NPLs as the seeds is developed. Consequently, through the final hot injection shell coating, thick NPLs with superior optical properties including a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 88% are achieved. These NPLs emitting at 701 nm exhibit a full-width-at-half-maximum of 26 nm, enabled by the successfully maintained quasi-2D shape and minimum defects of the resulting heterostructure. The deep-red light-emitting diode (LED) device fabricated with these NPLs has shown to yield a high external quantum efficiency of 6.8% at 701 nm, which is on par with other types of LEDs in this spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Shabani
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hamed Dehghanpour Baruj
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Iklim Yurdakul
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Negar Gheshlaghi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Baiquan Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yemliha Altintas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, TR-38080, Turkey
| | - Betül Canımkurbey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory, Amasya University, Amasya, 05100, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Luminous! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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47
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Singh R, Akhil S, Dutt VGV, Mishra N. Shell thickness dependent photostability studies of green-emitting "Giant" quantum dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6984-6991. [PMID: 36132372 PMCID: PMC9417657 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient green-emitting core/shell giant quantum dots have been synthesized through a facile "one-pot" gradient alloy approach. Furthermore, an additional ZnS shell was grown using the "Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction" (SILAR) method. Due to the faster reactivity of Cd and Se compared to an analogue of Zn and S precursors it is presumed that CdSe nuclei are initially formed as the core and gradient alloy shells simultaneously encapsulate the core in an energy-gradient manner and eventually thick ZnS shells were formed. Using this gradient alloy approach, we have synthesized four different sized green-emitting giant core-shell quantum dots to study their shell thickness-dependent photostability under continuous UV irradiation, and temperature-dependent PL properties of nanocrystals. There was a minimum effect of the UV light exposure on the photostability beyond a certain thickness of the shell. The QDs with a diameter of ≥8.5 nm show substantial improvement in photostability compared to QDs with a diameter ≤ 7.12 nm when continuously irradiated under strong UV light (8 W cm-2, 365 nm) for 48 h. The effect of temperature on the photoluminescence intensities was studied with respect to the shell thickness. There were no apparent changes in PL intensities observed for the QDs ≥ 8.5 nm, on the contrary, for example, QDs with <8.5 nm in diameter (for ∼7.12 nm) show a decrease in PL intensity at higher temperatures ∼ 90 °C. The synthesized green-emitting gradient alloy QDs with superior optical properties can be used for highly efficient green-emitters and are potentially applicable for the fabrication of green LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP Amaravati, Neerukonda Guntur(Dt) Andhra Pradesh 522240 India
| | - Syed Akhil
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP Amaravati, Neerukonda Guntur(Dt) Andhra Pradesh 522240 India
| | - V G Vasavi Dutt
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP Amaravati, Neerukonda Guntur(Dt) Andhra Pradesh 522240 India
| | - Nimai Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP Amaravati, Neerukonda Guntur(Dt) Andhra Pradesh 522240 India
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48
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Shi J, Sun W, Utzat H, Farahvash A, Gao FY, Zhang Z, Barotov U, Willard AP, Nelson KA, Bawendi MG. All-optical fluorescence blinking control in quantum dots with ultrafast mid-infrared pulses. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1355-1361. [PMID: 34811550 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence intermittency is a ubiquitous phenomenon, reducing the temporal emission intensity stability of single colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and the emission quantum yield of their ensembles. Despite efforts to achieve blinking reduction by chemical engineering of the QD architecture and its environment, blinking still poses barriers to the application of QDs, particularly in single-particle tracking in biology or in single-photon sources. Here, we demonstrate a deterministic all-optical suppression of QD blinking using a compound technique of visible and mid-infrared excitation. We show that moderate-field ultrafast mid-infrared pulses (5.5 μm, 150 fs) can switch the emission from a charged, low quantum yield grey trion state to the bright exciton state in CdSe/CdS core-shell QDs, resulting in a significant reduction of the QD intensity flicker. Quantum-tunnelling simulations suggest that the mid-infrared fields remove the excess charge from trions with reduced emission quantum yield to restore higher brightness exciton emission. Our approach can be integrated with existing single-particle tracking or super-resolution microscopy techniques without any modification to the sample and translates to other emitters presenting charging-induced photoluminescence intermittencies, such as single-photon emissive defects in diamond and two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ardavan Farahvash
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frank Y Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhuquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ulugbek Barotov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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49
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Kamath A, Melnychuk C, Guyot-Sionnest P. Toward Bright Mid-Infrared Emitters: Thick-Shell n-Type HgSe/CdS Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19567-19575. [PMID: 34752062 PMCID: PMC8630792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A procedure is developed for the growth of thick, conformal CdS shells that preserve the optical properties of 5 nm HgSe cores. The n-doping of the HgSe/CdS core/shell particles is quantitatively tuned through a simple postsynthetic Cd treatment, while the doping is monitored via the intraband optical absorption at 5 μm wavelength. Photoluminescence lifetime and quantum yield measurements show that the CdS shell greatly increases the intraband emission intensity. This indicates that decoupling the excitation from the environment reduces the nonradiative recombination. We find that weakly n-type HgSe/CdS are the brightest solution-phase mid-infrared chromophores reported to date at room temperature, achieving intraband photoluminescence quantum yields of 2%. Such photoluminescence corresponds to intraband lifetimes in excess of 10 ns, raising important questions about the fundamental limits to achievable slow intraband relaxation in quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananth Kamath
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Christopher Melnychuk
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Philippe Guyot-Sionnest
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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50
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Abudayyeh H, Mildner A, Liran D, Lubotzky B, Lüder L, Fleischer M, Rapaport R. Overcoming the Rate-Directionality Trade-off: A Room-Temperature Ultrabright Quantum Light Source. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17384-17391. [PMID: 34664938 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic GHz-rate single photon sources at room temperature would be essential components for various quantum applications. However, both the slow intrinsic decay rate and the omnidirectional emission of typical quantum emitters are two obstacles toward achieving such a goal which are hard to overcome simultaneously. Here, we solve this challenge by a hybrid approach using a complex monolithic photonic resonator constructed of a gold nanocone responsible for the rate enhancement, enclosed by a circular Bragg antenna for emission directionality. A repeatable process accurately binds quantum dots to the tip of the antenna-embedded nanocone. As a result, we achieve simultaneous 20-fold emission rate enhancement and record-high directionality leading to an increase in the observed brightness by a factor as large as 800 (130) into an NA = 0.22(0.5). We project that these miniaturized on-chip devices can reach photon rates approaching 1.4 × 108 photons/s and pure single photon rates of >107 photons/second after temporal purification processes, thus enabling ultrafast light-matter interfaces for quantum technologies at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Abudayyeh
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Annika Mildner
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dror Liran
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Boaz Lubotzky
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Lars Lüder
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ronen Rapaport
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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