1
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Yang YD, Zhang Q, Khrouz L, Chau CV, Yang J, Wang Y, Bucher C, Henkelman G, Gong HY, Sessler JL. Chemically Mediated Artificial Electron Transport Chain. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1148-1155. [PMID: 38947209 PMCID: PMC11212131 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Electron transport chains (ETCs) are ubiquitous in nearly all living systems. Replicating the complexity and control inherent in these multicomponent systems using ensembles of small molecules opens up promising avenues for molecular therapeutics, catalyst design, and the development of innovative energy conversion and storage systems. Here, we present a noncovalent, multistep artificial electron transport chains comprising cyclo[8]pyrrole (1), a meso-aryl hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0) (naphthorosarin 2), and the small molecules I2 and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Specifically, we show that 1) electron transfer occurs from 1 to give I3 - upon the addition of I2, 2) proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from 1 to give H 3 2 •2+ and H 3 2 + upon the addition of TFA to a dichloromethane mixture of 1 and 2, and 3) that further, stepwise treatment of 1 and 2 with I2 and TFA promotes electron transport from 1 to give first I3 - and then H 3 2 •2+ and H 3 2 + . The present findings are substantiated through UV-vis-NIR, 1H NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analyses, cyclic voltammetry studies, and DFT calculations. Single-crystal structure analyses were used to characterize compounds in varying redox states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- ENSL,
CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Calvin V. Chau
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Christophe Bucher
- ENSL,
CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St, HaiDian
District, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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2
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Evans R, Krahn N, Weiss J, Vincent KA, Söll D, Armstrong FA. Replacing a Cysteine Ligand by Selenocysteine in a [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Unlocks Hydrogen Production Activity and Addresses the Role of Concerted Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Electrocatalytic Reversibility. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16971-16976. [PMID: 38747098 PMCID: PMC11212049 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogenases catalyze hydrogen/proton interconversion that is normally electrochemically reversible (having minimal overpotential requirement), a special property otherwise almost exclusive to platinum metals. The mechanism of [NiFe]-hydrogenases includes a long-range proton-coupled electron-transfer process involving a specific Ni-coordinated cysteine and the carboxylate of a nearby glutamate. A variant in which this cysteine has been exchanged for selenocysteine displays two distinct changes in electrocatalytic properties, as determined by protein film voltammetry. First, proton reduction, even in the presence of H2 (a strong product inhibitor), is greatly enhanced relative to H2 oxidation: this result parallels a characteristic of natural [NiFeSe]-hydrogenases which are superior H2 production catalysts. Second, an inflection (an S-shaped "twist" in the trace) appears around the formal potential, the small overpotentials introduced in each direction (oxidation and reduction) signaling a departure from electrocatalytic reversibility. Concerted proton-electron transfer offers a lower energy pathway compared to stepwise transfers. Given the much lower proton affinity of Se compared to that of S, the inflection provides compelling evidence that concerted proton-electron transfer is important in determining why [NiFe]-hydrogenases are reversible electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon
M. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Krahn
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
| | - Joshua Weiss
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
| | - Kylie A. Vincent
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Söll
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fraser A. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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3
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Hill EH. Driving a Multistep Electron Transport Chain between Macrocycles with Chemically Mediated Proton-Coupled Electron Transport. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1132-1134. [PMID: 38947201 PMCID: PMC11212037 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
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4
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Zhao X, Hou YL, Qian BC, Shen GB. Thermodynamic H-Abstraction Abilities of Nitrogen Centered Radical Cations as Potential Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysts in Y-H Bond Functionalization. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26708-26718. [PMID: 38911737 PMCID: PMC11191127 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Y-H bond functionalization has always been the focus of research interest in the area of organic synthesis. Direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the Y-H bond is one of the most efficient and practical methods to activate the Y-H bond. Recently, nitrogen centered radical cations were broadly utilized as H-abstraction catalysts to activate Y-H bonds via the HAT process. As a type of HAT catalyst, the H-affinity of nitrogen centered radical cations is a significant thermodynamic parameter to quantitatively evaluate the thermodynamic H-abstraction potentials of nitrogen centered radical cations. In this work, the pK a values of 120 protonated N-containing compounds in acetonitrile (AN) are predicted, and the H-affinities of 120 nitrogen centered radical cations in AN are derived from the reduction potentials of nitrogen centered radical cations and pK a of protonated N-containing compounds using Hess' law. This work focuses on the H-abstraction abilities of 120 nitrogen centered radical cations in AN to enrich the molecule library of novel HAT catalysts or H-abstractors and provides valuable thermodynamic guidelines for the application of nitrogen centered radical cations in Y-H bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lin Hou
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Chen Qian
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Bin Shen
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
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5
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Ghuffar HA, Noh H. Lithium-coupled electron transfer reactions of nano-confined WO x within Zr-based metal-organic framework. Front Chem 2024; 12:1427536. [PMID: 38947957 PMCID: PMC11214277 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1427536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Interfacial charge transfer reactions involving cations and electrons are fundamental to (photo/electro) catalysis, energy storage, and beyond. Lithium-coupled electron transfer (LCET) at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a preeminent example to highlight the importance of charge transfer in modern-day society. The thermodynamics of LCET reactions define the minimal energy for charge/discharge of LIBs, and yet, these parameters are rarely available in the literature. Here, we demonstrate the successful incorporation of tungsten oxides (WOx) within a chemically stable Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF), MOF-808. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the composite, WOx@MOF-808, in Li+-containing acetonitrile (MeCN)-based electrolytes showed an irreversible, cathodic Faradaic feature that shifted in a Nernstian fashion with respect to the Li+ concentration, i.e., ∼59 mV/log [(Li+)]. The Nernstian dependence established 1:1 stoichiometry of Li+ and e-. Using the standard redox potential of Li+/0, the apparent free energy of lithiation of WOx@MOF-808 (ΔGapp,Li) was calculated to be -36 ± 1 kcal mol-1. ΔGapp,Li is an intrinsic parameter of WOx@MOF-808, and thus by deriving the similar reaction free energies of other metal oxides, their direct comparisons can be achieved. Implications of the reported measurements will be further contrasted to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions on metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunho Noh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
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6
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Gupta R, Malik A, Kumari K, Singh SK, Vivier V, Mondal PC. Metal-free platforms for molecular thin films as high-performance supercapacitors. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8775-8785. [PMID: 38873075 PMCID: PMC11168099 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling chemical functionalization and achieving stable electrode-molecule interfaces for high-performance electrochemical energy storage applications remain challenging tasks. Herein, we present a simple, controllable, scalable, and versatile electrochemical modification approach of graphite rods (GRs) extracted from low-cost Eveready cells that were covalently modified with anthracene oligomers. The anthracene oligomers with a total layer thickness of ∼24 nm on the GR electrode yield a remarkable specific capacitance of ∼670 F g-1 with good galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling stability (10 000) recorded in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Such a boost in capacitance is attributed mainly to two contributions: (i) an electrical double-layer at the anthracene oligomer/GR/electrolyte interfaces, and (ii) the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction, which ensures a substantial faradaic contribution to the total capacitance. Due to the higher conductivity of the anthracene films, it possesses more azo groups (-N[double bond, length as m-dash]N-) during the electrochemical growth of the oligomer films compared to pyrene and naphthalene oligomers, which is key to PCET reactions. AC-based electrical studies unravel the in-depth charge interfacial electrical behavior of anthracene-grafted electrodes. Asymmetrical solid-state supercapacitor devices were made using anthracene-modified biomass-derived porous carbon, which showed improved performance with a specific capacitance of ∼155 F g-1 at 2 A g-1 with an energy density of 5.8 W h kg-1 at a high-power density of 2010 W kg-1 and powered LED lighting for a longer period. The present work provides a promising metal-free approach in developing organic thin-film hybrid capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Ankur Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Kusum Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana 502285 India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana 502285 India
| | - Vincent Vivier
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Sorbonne Université 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 Cedex 05 France
| | - Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
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7
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Tian S, Long G, Zhou P, Liu F, Zhang X, Ding C, Li C. A Coupled System of Ni 3S 2 and Rh Complex with Biomimetic Function for Electrocatalytic 1,4-NAD(P)H Regeneration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15730-15739. [PMID: 38776525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
NAD(P)H cofactor is a critical energy and electron carrier in biocatalysis and photosynthesis, but the artificial reduction of NAD(P)+ to regenerate bioactive 1,4-NAD(P)H with both high activity and selectivity is challenging. Herein, we found that a coupled system of a Ni3S2 electrode and a Rh complex in an electrolyte (denoted as Ni3S2-Rh) can catalyze the reduction of NAD(P)+ to 1,4-NAD(P)H with superior activity and selectivity. The optimized selectivity in 1,4-NADH can be up to 99.1%, much higher than that for Ni3S2 (80%); the normalized activity of Ni3S2-Rh is about 5.8 times that of Ni3S2 and 13.2 times that of the Rh complex. The high performance of Ni3S2-Rh is attributed to the synergistic effect between metal sulfides and Rh complex. The NAD+ reduction reaction proceeds via a concerted electron-proton transfer (CEPT) mechanism in the Ni3S2-Rh system, in which Ni3S2 acts as a proton and electron-transfer mediator to accelerate the formation of Rh hydride (Rh-H), and then the Rh-H regioselectively transfers the hydride to NAD+ to form 1,4-NADH. The artificial system Ni3S2-Rh essentially mimics the functions of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guifa Long
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Niklas JE, Otte KS, Studvick CM, Roy Chowdhury S, Vlaisavljevich B, Bacsa J, Kleemiss F, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. A tetrahedral neptunium(V) complex. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01529-6. [PMID: 38710831 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Neptunium is an actinide element sourced from anthropogenic production, and, unlike naturally abundant uranium, its coordination chemistry is not well developed in all accessible oxidation states. High-valent neptunium generally requires stabilization from at least one metal-ligand multiple bond, and departing from this structural motif poses a considerable challenge. Here we report a tetrahedral molecular neptunium(V) complex ([Np5+(NPC)4][B(ArF5)4], 1-Np) (NPC = [NPtBu(pyrr)2]-; tBu = C(CH3)3; pyrr = pyrrolidinyl (N(C2H4)2); B(ArF5)4 = tetrakis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluourophenyl)borate). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, solution-state spectroscopy and density functional theory studies of 1-Np and the product of its proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction, 2-Np, demonstrate the unique bonding that stabilizes this reactive ion and establishes the thermochemical and kinetic parameters of PCET in a condensed-phase transuranic complex. The isolation of this four-coordinate, neptunium(V) complex reveals a fundamental reaction pathway in transuranic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Niklas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn S Otte
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | | | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Florian Kleemiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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9
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Shen GB, Luo GZ, Qian BC, Zhu XQ. Evaluation of Organic Hydride/Acid Pairs as a Type of Thermodynamic-Potential-Regulated Multisite Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reagents. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6205-6221. [PMID: 38632842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic hydride/acid pairs have been reported as multisite proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) reagents in reductive MS-PCET reactions recently. Since the key step for an organic hydride/acid pair acting as an MS-PCET reagent is a chemical process of the organic hydride/acid pair releasing a formal hydrogen atom, the bond dissociation free energy of the organic hydride/acid pair releasing a formal hydrogen atom is a valuable thermodynamic parameter for objectively evaluating the thermodynamic potential for an organic hydride/acid pair to act as an MS-PCET reagent. Now, organic hydride/acid pairs of 216 organic hydrides have been demonstrated to be a potential type of thermodynamically potential-regulated MS-PCET reagent. Without a doubt, organic hydride/acid pairs reflect the change of N-substituted organic hydrides from simple hydride reductants to thermodynamically-regulated MS-PCET reagents, which could significantly expand the availability of novel MS-PCET reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Shen
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ze Luo
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Chen Qian
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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10
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Zhao W, Jin K, Xu P, Wu F, Fu L, Xu B. Bismuth Telluride Supported Sub-1 nm Polyoxometalate Cluster for High-Efficiency Thermoelectric Energy Conversion. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5361-5370. [PMID: 38630986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Size plays a crucial role in chemistry and material science. Subnanometer polyoxometalate (POM) clusters have gained attention in various fields, but their use in thermoelectrics is still limited. To address this issue, we propose the POM clusters as an effective second phase to enhance the thermoelectric properties of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3. Thanks to their subnanometer size, POM clusters improve electrical transport behavior through the superposition of atomic orbitals and the interfacial scattering effect. Furthermore, their ultrasmall size strongly reduces thermal conductivity. Consequently, the introduction of a mere 0.1 mol % of POM into the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 matrix realizes a state-of-the-art zT value of 1.46 at 348 K, a 45% enhancement over Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 (1.01), along with a maximum thermoelectric-conversion efficiency of the integrated module of 6.0%. The enhancement of carrier mobility and the suppression of thermal conduction achieved by introducing the subnanometer clusters hold promise for various applications, such as electronic devices and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangpeng Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanshi Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangwei Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
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11
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Shaw WJ, Kidder MK, Bare SR, Delferro M, Morris JR, Toma FM, Senanayake SD, Autrey T, Biddinger EJ, Boettcher S, Bowden ME, Britt PF, Brown RC, Bullock RM, Chen JG, Daniel C, Dorhout PK, Efroymson RA, Gaffney KJ, Gagliardi L, Harper AS, Heldebrant DJ, Luca OR, Lyubovsky M, Male JL, Miller DJ, Prozorov T, Rallo R, Rana R, Rioux RM, Sadow AD, Schaidle JA, Schulte LA, Tarpeh WA, Vlachos DG, Vogt BD, Weber RS, Yang JY, Arenholz E, Helms BA, Huang W, Jordahl JL, Karakaya C, Kian KC, Kothandaraman J, Lercher J, Liu P, Malhotra D, Mueller KT, O'Brien CP, Palomino RM, Qi L, Rodriguez JA, Rousseau R, Russell JC, Sarazen ML, Sholl DS, Smith EA, Stevens MB, Surendranath Y, Tassone CJ, Tran B, Tumas W, Walton KS. A US perspective on closing the carbon cycle to defossilize difficult-to-electrify segments of our economy. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:376-400. [PMID: 38693313 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrification to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions is essential to mitigate climate change. However, a substantial portion of our manufacturing and transportation infrastructure will be difficult to electrify and/or will continue to use carbon as a key component, including areas in aviation, heavy-duty and marine transportation, and the chemical industry. In this Roadmap, we explore how multidisciplinary approaches will enable us to close the carbon cycle and create a circular economy by defossilizing these difficult-to-electrify areas and those that will continue to need carbon. We discuss two approaches for this: developing carbon alternatives and improving our ability to reuse carbon, enabled by separations. Furthermore, we posit that co-design and use-driven fundamental science are essential to reach aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | | | - Simon R Bare
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Francesca M Toma
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Brandenburg, Germany.
| | | | - Tom Autrey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Shannon Boettcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Robert C Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Jingguang G Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Peter K Dorhout
- Vice President for Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron S Harper
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - David J Heldebrant
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Oana R Luca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Jonathan L Male
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Rallo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rachita Rana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Rioux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Schulte
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Weber
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James L Jordahl
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Kourosh Cyrus Kian
- Independent consultant, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Johannes Lercher
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ping Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | | | - Karl T Mueller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Casey P O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Long Qi
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Jake C Russell
- Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy, Department of Energy, Washington DC, USA
| | - Michele L Sarazen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emily A Smith
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ba Tran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - William Tumas
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Krista S Walton
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Nedzbala HS, Westbroek D, Margavio HRM, Yang H, Noh H, Magpantay SV, Donley CL, Kumbhar AS, Parsons GN, Mayer JM. Photoelectrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer of TiO 2 Thin Films on Silicon. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10559-10572. [PMID: 38564642 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
TiO2 thin films are often used as protective layers on semiconductors for applications in photovoltaics, molecule-semiconductor hybrid photoelectrodes, and more. Experiments reported here show that TiO2 thin films on silicon are electrochemically and photoelectrochemically reduced in buffered acetonitrile at potentials relevant to photoelectrocatalysis of CO2 reduction, N2 reduction, and H2 evolution. On both n-type Si and irradiated p-type Si, TiO2 reduction is proton-coupled with a 1e-:1H+ stoichiometry, as demonstrated by the Nernstian dependence of the Ti4+/3+ E1/2 on the buffer pKa. Experiments were conducted with and without illumination, and a photovoltage of ∼0.6 V was observed across 20 orders of magnitude in proton activity. The 4 nm films are almost stoichiometrically reduced under mild conditions. The reduced films catalytically transfer protons and electrons to hydrogen atom acceptors, based on cyclic voltammogram, bulk electrolysis, and other mechanistic evidence. TiO2/Si thus has the potential to photoelectrochemically generate high-energy H atom carriers. Characterization of the TiO2 films after reduction reveals restructuring with the formation of islands, rendering TiO2 films as a potentially poor choice as protecting films or catalyst supports under reducing and protic conditions. Overall, this work demonstrates that atomic layer deposition TiO2 films on silicon photoelectrodes undergo both chemical and morphological changes upon application of potentials only modestly negative of RHE in these media. While the results should serve as a cautionary tale for researchers aiming to immobilize molecular monolayers on "protective" metal oxides, the robust proton-coupled electron transfer reactivity of the films introduces opportunities for the photoelectrochemical generation of reactive charge-carrying mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Nedzbala
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Dalaney Westbroek
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Hannah R M Margavio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27603, United States
| | - Hyuenwoo Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27603, United States
| | - Hyunho Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Samantha V Magpantay
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Department of Chemistry, Chapel Hill Analytical and Nanofabrication Laboratory (CHANL), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Amar S Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Chapel Hill Analytical and Nanofabrication Laboratory (CHANL), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gregory N Parsons
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27603, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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13
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Yuan H, Krishna A, Wei Z, Su Y, Chen J, Hua W, Zheng Z, Song D, Mu Q, Pan W, Xiao L, Yan J, Li G, Yang W, Deng Z, Peng Y. Ligand-Bound CO 2 as a Nonclassical Route toward Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with a Ni N-Confused Porphyrin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10550-10558. [PMID: 38584353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Implementing the synergistic effects between the metal and the ligand has successfully streamlined the energetics for CO2 activation and gained high catalytic activities, establishing the important breakthroughs in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, we describe a Ni(II) N-confused porphyrin complex (NiNCP) featuring an acidic N-H group. It is readily deprotonated and exists in an anion form during catalysis. Owing to this functional site, NiNCP gave rise to an outstanding turnover number (TON) as high as 217,000 with a 98% selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO, while the parent Ni(II) porphyrin (NiTPP) was found to be nearly inactive. Our mechanistic analysis revealed a nonclassical reaction pattern where CO2 was effectively activated via the attack of the Lewis-basic ligand. The resulting ligand-bound CO2 adduct could be further reduced to produce CO. This new metal-ligand synergistic effect is anticipated to inspire the design of highly active catalysts for small molecule activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Yuan
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Akash Krishna
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Zhihe Wei
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhui Su
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangyi Zheng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daqi Song
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Mu
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyi Pan
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Guanna Li
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Huang KY, Yang ZQ, Yang MR, Chen TS, Tang S, Sun WM, Yao Q, Deng HH, Chen W, Xie J. Unraveling a Concerted Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Pathway in Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8706-8715. [PMID: 38487838 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) represent a promising class of materials for catalytic carbon dioxide and proton reduction as well as dihydrogen oxidation. In such reactions, multiple proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes are typically involved, and the current understanding of PCET mechanisms in MNCs has primarily focused on the sequential transfer mode. However, a concerted transfer pathway, i.e., concerted electron-proton transfer (CEPT), despite its potential for a higher catalytic rate and lower reaction barrier, still lacks comprehensive elucidation. Herein, we introduce an experimental paradigm to test the feasibility of the CEPT process in MNCs, by employing Au18(SR)14 (SR denotes thiolate ligand), Au22(SR)18, and Au25(SR)18- as model clusters. Detailed investigations indicate that the photoinduced PCET reactions in the designed system proceed via an CEPT pathway. Furthermore, the rate constants of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have been found to be correlated with both the size of the cluster and the flexibility of the Au-S framework. This newly identified PCET behavior in AuNCs is prominently different from that observed in semiconductor quantum dots and plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Our findings are of crucial importance for unveiling the catalytic mechanisms of quantum-confined metal nanomaterials and for the future rational design of more efficient catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Ming-Rui Yang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Tian-Shui Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Shurong Tang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Qiaofeng Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao-Hua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
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15
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Lewis NB, Bisbey RP, Westendorff KS, Soudackov AV, Surendranath Y. A molecular-level mechanistic framework for interfacial proton-coupled electron transfer kinetics. Nat Chem 2024; 16:343-352. [PMID: 38228851 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions can proceed via an outer-sphere electron transfer to solution (OS-PCET) or through an inner-sphere mechanism by interfacial polarization of surface-bound active sites (I-PCET). Although OS-PCET has been extensively studied with molecular insight, the inherent heterogeneity of surfaces impedes molecular-level understanding of I-PCET. Herein we employ graphite-conjugated carboxylic acids (GC-COOH) as molecularly well-defined hosts of I-PCET to isolate the intrinsic kinetics of I-PCET. We measure I-PCET rates across the entire pH range, uncovering a V-shaped pH-dependence that lacks the pH-independent regions characteristic of OS-PCET. Accordingly, we develop a mechanistic model for I-PCET that invokes concerted PCET involving hydronium/water or water/hydroxide donor/acceptor pairs, capturing the entire dataset with only four adjustable parameters. We find that I-PCET is fourfold faster with hydronium/water than water/hydroxide, while both reactions display similarly high charge transfer coefficients, indicating late proton transfer transition states. These studies highlight the key mechanistic distinctions between I-PCET and OS-PCET, providing a framework for understanding and modelling more complex multistep I-PCET reactions critical to energy conversion and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan P Bisbey
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karl S Westendorff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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16
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Sinhababu S, Singh RP, Radzhabov MR, Kumawat J, Ess DH, Mankad NP. Coordination-induced O-H/N-H bond weakening by a redox non-innocent, aluminum-containing radical. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1315. [PMID: 38351122 PMCID: PMC10864259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several renewable energy schemes aim to use the chemical bonds in abundant molecules like water and ammonia as energy reservoirs. Because the O-H and N-H bonds are quite strong (>100 kcal/mol), it is necessary to identify substances that dramatically weaken these bonds to facilitate proton-coupled electron transfer processes required for energy conversion. Usually this is accomplished through coordination-induced bond weakening by redox-active metals. However, coordination-induced bond weakening is difficult with earth's most abundant metal, aluminum, because of its redox inertness under mild conditions. Here, we report a system that uses aluminum with a redox non-innocent ligand to achieve significant levels of coordination-induced bond weakening of O-H and N-H bonds. The multisite proton-coupled electron transfer manifold described here points to redox non-innocent ligands as a design element to open coordination-induced bond weakening chemistry to more elements in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | - Maxim R Radzhabov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jugal Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84604, UT, USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84604, UT, USA
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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17
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Jankowska J, Sobolewski AL. Photo-oxidation of methanol in complexes with pyrido[2,3- b]pyrazine: a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5296-5302. [PMID: 38265828 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Excited-state Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) constitutes a key step in the photo-oxidation of small, electron-rich systems possessing acidic hydrogen atoms, such as water or alcohols, which can play a vital role in green hydrogen production. In this contribution, we employ ab initio quantum-chemical methods and on-the-fly nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to study the mechanism and the photodynamics of PCET in 1 : 1 pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine complexes with methanol. We find the process to be ultrafast and efficient when the intramolecular hydrogen bond is formed with one of the β-positioned nitrogen atoms. The complex exhibiting a hydrogen bond with an isolated nitrogen site, on the contrary, shows much lower reactivity. We explain this effect with the stabilization of the reactive ππ* charge-transfer electronic state in the former case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
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18
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Cooney S, Walls MRA, Schreiber E, Brennessel WW, Matson EM. Heterometal Dopant Changes the Mechanism of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer at the Polyoxovanadate-Alkoxide Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2364-2369. [PMID: 38241170 PMCID: PMC10835708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The transfer of two H-atom equivalents to the titanium-doped polyoxovanadate-alkoxide, [TiV5O6(OCH3)13], results in the formation of a V(III)-OH2 site at the surface of the assembly. Incorporation of the group (IV) metal ion results in a weakening of the O-H bonds of [TiV5O5(OH2)(OCH3)13] in comparison to its homometallic congener, [V6O6(OH2)(OCH3)12], resembling more closely the thermodynamics reported for the one-electron reduced derivative, [V6O6(OH2)(OCH3)12]1-. An analysis of early time points of the reaction of [TiV5O6(OCH3)13] and 5,10-dihydrophenazine reveals the formation of an oxidized substrate, suggesting that proton-coupled electron transfer proceeds via initial electron transfer from substrate to cluster prior to proton transfer. These results demonstrate the profound influence of heterometal dopants on the mechanism of PCET with respect to the surface of the assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon
E. Cooney
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - M. Rebecca A. Walls
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Eric Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ellen M. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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19
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Jian H, Lu M, Zheng H, Yan S, Wang M. Electrochemical Water Oxidation and CO 2 Reduction with a Nickel Molecular Catalyst. Molecules 2024; 29:578. [PMID: 38338323 PMCID: PMC10856054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mimicking the photosynthesis of green plants to combine water oxidation with CO2 reduction is of great significance for solving energy and environmental crises. In this context, a trinuclear nickel complex, [NiII3(paoH)6(PhPO3)2]·2ClO4 (1), with a novel structure has been constructed with PhPO32- (phenylphosphonate) and paoH (2-pyridine formaldehyde oxime) ligands and possesses a reflection symmetry with a mirror plane revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Bulk electrocatalysis demonstrates that complex 1 can homogeneously catalyze water oxidation and CO2 reduction simultaneously. It can catalyze water oxidation at a near-neutral condition of pH = 7.45 with a high TOF of 12.2 s-1, and the Faraday efficiency is as high as 95%. Meanwhile, it also exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction towards CO with a TOF of 7.84 s-1 in DMF solution. The excellent electrocatalytic performance of the water oxidation and CO2 reduction of complex 1 could be attributed to the two unique µ3-PhPO32- bridges as the crucial factor for stabilizing the trinuclear molecule as well as the proton transformation during the catalytic process, while the oxime groups modulate the electronic structure of the metal centers via π back-bonding. Therefore, apart from the cooperation effect of the three Ni centers for catalysis, simultaneously, the two kinds of ligands in complex 1 can also synergistically coordinate the central metal, thereby significantly promoting its catalytic performance. Complex 1 represents the first nickel molecular electrocatalyst for both water oxidation and CO2 reduction. The findings in this work open an avenue for designing efficient molecular electrocatalysts with peculiar ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low Carbon Technologies, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; (H.J.); (M.L.); (H.Z.); (S.Y.)
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20
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Iqbal A, Tripathi A, Thapa R. C 2 Product Formation over the C 1 Product and HER on the 111 Plane of Specific Cu Alloy Nanoparticles Identified through Multiparameter Optimization. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1462-1470. [PMID: 38175274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
C2 products are more desirable than C1 products during CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) because the former possess higher energy density and greater industrial value. For CO2ER, Cu is a well-known catalyst, but the selectivity toward C2 products is still a big challenge for researchers due to complex intermediates, different final products, and large space of the catalyst due to its morphology, plane, size, host surface etc. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that alloying of Cu nanoparticles can help to enhance the selectivity toward C2 products during CO2ER with a low overpotential. By a systematic investigation of 111 planes (which prefer the C1 product in the case of bulk Cu), the alloys show the generation of C2 products via *CO-*CO dimerization (* indicates adsorbed state). It also suppresses the counter-pathway of hydrogenation of *CO to *CHO, which leads to C1 products. Further, we find that *CH2CHO is the bifurcating intermediate to distinguish between ethanol and ethylene as the final product. We have used simple graphical construction to identify the catalyst for CO2ER over HER, and vice versa. We have also defined the case of hydrogen poisoning and projected a parity plot to recognize the catalyst for C2 product evolution over the C1 product. Our study reveals that Cu-Ag and Cu-Zn catalysts selectively promote ethanol production on 111 planes. Moreover, an edge-doped 2SO2 graphene nanoribbon as the host layer further lowers the barrier and selectively promotes ethanol on Cu38- and Cu79-based alloys. This work provides new theoretical insights into designing Cu-based nanoalloy catalysts for C2 product formation on the 111 plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522 240, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Tripathi
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522 240, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Thapa
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522 240, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Centre for Computational and Integrative Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522 240, Andhra Pradesh, India
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21
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Martínez-Haya B, Avilés-Moreno JR, Gámez F, Martens J, Oomens J, Berden G. Correlated proton dynamics in hydrogen bonding networks: the benchmark case of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:198-208. [PMID: 38053486 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Proton and hydrogen-bonded networks sustain a broad range of structural and charge transfer processes in supramolecular materials. The modelling of proton dynamics is however challenging and demands insights from prototypical benchmark systems. The intramolecular H-bonding networks induced by either protonation or deprotonation of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid provide intriguing case studies of correlated proton dynamics. The vibrational signatures associated with the fluxional proton bonding and its coupling with the hydroxyglutaric backbone are investigated here with infrared action ion spectroscopy experiments and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) computations. Despite the formally similar symmetry of protonated and deprotonated hydroxyglutaric acid, the relative proton affinities of the oxygen centers of the carboxylic and carboxylate groups with respect to that of the central hydroxyl group lead to distinct proton dynamics. In the protonated acid, a tautomeric arrangement of the type HOCO·[HOH]+·OCOH is preferred with the proton binding tighter to the central hydroxyl moiety and the electronic density being shared between the two nearly symmetric H-bonds with the carboxylic end groups. In the deprotonated acid, the asymmetric [OCO]-·HO·HOCO configuration is more stable, with a stronger H-bonding on the bare carboxylate end. Both systems display active backbone dynamics and concerted Grothuss-like proton motions, leading to diffuse band structures in their vibrational spectra. These features are accurately reproduced by the BOMD computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Center for Nanoscience and Sustainable Technologies (CNATS), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Department of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gámez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Peng F, Xiang J, Qin H, Chen B, Duan R, Zhao W, Liu S, Wu T, Yuan W, Li Q, Li J, Kang X, Han B. Selective Electrochemical Oxidation of Benzylic C-H to Benzylic Alcohols with the Aid of Imidazolium Radical Mediators. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23905-23909. [PMID: 37890007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of benzylic C-H to benzylic alcohols is a well-known challenge in the chemical community since benzylic C-H is more prone to be overoxidized to benzylic ketones. In this work, we report the highly selective electro-oxidation of benzylic C-H to benzylic alcohols in an undivided cell in ionic liquid-based solution. As an example, the selectivity toward xanthydrol could be as high as 95.7% at complete conversion of xanthene, a typical benzylic C-H compound, on gram-scale in imidazolium bromide/H2O/DMF. Mechanism investigation reveals that the imidazolium radical generated in situ participants in a proton-coupled electron transfer process and low-barrier hydrogen bonds stabilize the reaction intermediates, together steering the redox equilibrium, favoring benzylic alcohols over benzylic ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Junfeng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Huisheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Bingfeng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Ran Duan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Wenling Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Tianbin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Wenli Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Jikun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xinchen Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
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23
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Morawski OW, Gawryś P, Sobolewski AL. Harnessing Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer for Hydrogenation of Aza-Arenes: Photochemistry of Quinoxaline Derivatives in Methanol. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8871-8881. [PMID: 37842877 PMCID: PMC10614181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Three quinoxaline derivatives are investigated both experimentally and theoretically to assess their ability for the methanol oxidation and harvesting of hydrogen. In inert solvents, the nonplanar compounds exhibit very weak fluorescence from the lowest excited singlet state, whereas the planar and rigid chromophore emits non-Kasha fluorescence from the S2(ππ*) state despite the proximity of the S1(nπ*) state. In methanol, hydrogen-bonded complexes with solvent molecules are formed, and in all chromophores, the lowest singlet state is populated after excitation of the S2(ππ*) state. The switch from non-Kasha emission of the planar compound in inert solvents to regular emission in methanol is related to reduced symmetry of the hydrogen-bonded complex with methanol which results in effective mixing of ππ* and nπ* states and fast internal conversion to the lowest excited singlet state. The S1(nπ*) state of the hydrogen-bonded complex has charge-transfer character, and for all compounds in methanol, hydrogen transfer to the chromophore is observed. The chromophores retain the transferred hydrogen atoms, serving both as photocatalysts and as hydrogen storage materials. Undesired dark side reactions that occur are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf W. Morawski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gawryś
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Hashemi A, Khakpour R, Mahdian A, Busch M, Peljo P, Laasonen K. Density functional theory and machine learning for electrochemical square-scheme prediction: an application to quinone-type molecules relevant to redox flow batteries. DIGITAL DISCOVERY 2023; 2:1565-1576. [PMID: 38013904 PMCID: PMC10561546 DOI: 10.1039/d3dd00091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Proton-electron transfer (PET) reactions are rather common in chemistry and crucial in energy storage applications. How electrons and protons are involved or which mechanism dominates is strongly molecule and pH dependent. Quantum chemical methods can be used to assess redox potential (Ered.) and acidity constant (pKa) values but the computations are rather time consuming. In this work, supervised machine learning (ML) models are used to predict PET reactions and analyze molecular space. The data for ML have been created by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Random forest regression models are trained and tested on a dataset that we created. The dataset contains more than 8200 quinone-type organic molecules that each underwent two proton and two electron transfer reactions. Both structural and chemical descriptors are used. The HOMO of the reactant and LUMO of the product participating in the oxidation reaction appeared to be strongly associated with Ered.. Trained models using a SMILES-based structural descriptor can efficiently predict the pKa and Ered. with a mean absolute error of less than 1 and 66 mV, respectively. Good prediction accuracy of R2 > 0.76 and >0.90 was also obtained on the external test set for Ered. and pKa, respectively. This hybrid DFT-ML study can be applied to speed up the screening of quinone-type molecules for energy storage and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Reza Khakpour
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Amir Mahdian
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Michael Busch
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University Albert-Einstein Allee 11 89069 Ulm Germany
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku 20014 Turun Yliopisto Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
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25
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Shee M, Zhang D, Banerjee M, Roy S, Pal B, Anoop A, Yuan Y, Singh NDP. Interrogating bioinspired ESIPT/PCET-based Ir(iii)-complexes as organelle-targeted phototherapeutics: a redox-catalysis under hypoxia to evoke synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9872-9884. [PMID: 37736623 PMCID: PMC10510766 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03096b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Installing proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in Ir-complexes is indeed a newly explored phenomenon, offering high quantum efficiency and tunable photophysics; however, the prospects for its application in various fields, including interrogating biological systems, are quite open and exciting. Herein, we developed various organelle-targeted Ir(iii)-complexes by leveraging the photoinduced PCET process to see the opportunities in phototherapeutic application and investigate the underlying mechanisms of action (MOAs). We diversified the ligands' nature and also incorporated a H-bonded benzimidazole-phenol (BIP) moiety with π-conjugated ancillary ligands in Ir(iii) to study the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process for tuning dual emission bands and to tempt excited-state PCET. These visible or two-photon-NIR light activatable Ir-catalysts generate reactive hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and simultaneously oxidize electron donating biomolecules (1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or glutathione) to disrupt redox homeostasis, downregulate the GPX4 enzyme, and amplify oxidative stress and lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation. Our homogeneous photocatalytic platform efficiently triggers organelle dysfunction mediated by a Fenton-like pathway with spatiotemporal control upon illumination to evoke ferroptosis poised with the synergistic action of apoptosis in a hypoxic environment leading to cell death. Ir2 is the most efficient photochemotherapy agent among others, which provided profound cytophototoxicity to 4T1 and MCF-7 cancerous cells and inhibited solid hypoxic tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniklal Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus Guangzhou 511442 PR China
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Samrat Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Bipul Pal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Youyong Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus Guangzhou 511442 PR China
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
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26
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Dumont R, Dowdell J, Song J, Li J, Wang S, Kang W, Li B. Control of charge transport in electronically active systems towards integrated biomolecular circuits (IbC). J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8302-8314. [PMID: 37464922 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00701d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of traditional silicon-based electronics will soon reach its limitation as quantum tunneling and heat become serious problems at the several-nanometer scale. Crafting integrated circuits via self-assembly of electronically active molecules using a "bottom-up" paradigm provides a potential solution to these technological challenges. In particular, integrated biomolecular circuits (IbC) offer promising advantages to achieve this goal, as nature offers countless examples of functionalities entailed by self-assembly and examples of controlling charge transport at the molecular level within the self-assembled structures. To this end, the review summarizes the progress in understanding how charge transport is regulated in biosystems and the key redox-active amino acids that enable the charge transport. In addition, charge transport mechanisms at different length scales are also reviewed, offering key insights for controlling charge transport in IbC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dumont
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Juwaan Dowdell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Jisoo Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Jiani Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Suwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Hwang D, Wrigley LM, Lee M, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W, Schlenker CW. Local Hydrogen Bonding Determines Branching Pathways in Intermolecular Heptazine Photochemistry. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37471476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Heptazine is the molecular core of the widely studied photocatalyst carbon nitride. By analyzing the excited-state intermolecular proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reaction between a heptazine derivative and a hydrogen-atom donor substrate, we are able to spectroscopically identify the resultant heptazinyl reactive radical species on a picosecond time scale. We provide detailed spectroscopic characterization of the tri-anisole heptazine:4-methoxyphenol hydrogen-bonded intermolecular complex (TAHz:MeOPhOH), using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and global analysis, to reveal distinct product absorption signatures at ∼520, 1250, and 1600 nm. We assign these product peaks to the hydrogenated TAHz radical (TAHzH•) based on control experiments utilizing 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DMB), which initiates electron transfer without concomitant proton transfer, i.e., no excited-state PCET. Additional control experiments with radical quenchers, protonation agents, and UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry also corroborate our product peak assignments. These spectral assignments allowed us to monitor the influence of the local hydrogen-bonding environment on the resulting evolution of photochemical products from excited-state PCET of heptazines. We observe that the preassociation of heptazine with the substrate in solution is extremely sensitive to the hydrogen-bond-accepting character of the solvent. This sensitivity directly influences which product signatures we detect with time-resolved spectroscopy. The spectral signature of the TAHzH• radical assigned in this work will facilitate future in-depth analysis of heptazine and carbon nitride photochemistry. Our results may also be utilized for designing improved PCET-based photochemical systems that will require precise control over local molecular environments. Examples include applications such as preparative synthesis involving organic photoredox catalysis, on-site solar water purification, as well as photocatalytic water splitting and artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyk Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Liam M Wrigley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Micah Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Cody W Schlenker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652, United States
- Clean Energy Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1653, United States
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29
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Li J, Shi Y, Cheng T. Electronic coupling and electron transfer in hydrogen-bonded mixed-valence compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37158078 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01337e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer provided by hydrogen bonds represents a unique and highly significant area of research, as it has a crucial role to play in a wide variety of chemical and biological systems. The hydrogen-bonded mixed-valence system, in the form of donor-hydrogen bond-acceptor, provides an ideal platform for exploring thermally-induced electron transfer across this non-covalent unit. Over the past decades, ongoing progress has been made in this field. Here we critically assess some studies on the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of electronic coupling and thermal electron transfer across hydrogen bond interface. Additionally, selected experimental examples are discussed in terms of intervalence charge transfer, with particular attention paid to the proton-coupled and often overlooked proton-uncoupled electron transfer pathway in hydrogen-bonded mixed-valence systems. We further highlight the major limitations of this research area and suggest potential directions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
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30
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Huang X, Song M, Zhang J, Shen T, Luo G, Wang D. Recent Advances of Electrocatalyst and Cell Design for Hydrogen Peroxide Production. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:86. [PMID: 37029260 PMCID: PMC10082148 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 via a selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction has emerged as an attractive alternative to the current energy-consuming anthraquinone process. Herein, the progress on electrocatalysts for H2O2 generation, including noble metal, transition metal-based, and carbon-based materials, is summarized. At first, the design strategies employed to obtain electrocatalysts with high electroactivity and high selectivity are highlighted. Then, the critical roles of the geometry of the electrodes and the type of reactor in striking a balance to boost the H2O2 selectivity and reaction rate are systematically discussed. After that, a potential strategy to combine the complementary properties of the catalysts and the reactor for optimal selectivity and overall yield is illustrated. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities for high-efficient H2O2 electrochemical production are highlighted for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Mayer JM. Bonds over Electrons: Proton Coupled Electron Transfer at Solid-Solution Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7050-7064. [PMID: 36943755 PMCID: PMC10080693 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective argues that most redox reactions of materials at an interface with a protic solution involve net proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) (or other cation-coupled ET). This view contrasts with the traditional electron-transfer-focused view of redox reactions at semiconductors, but redox processes at metal surfaces are often described as PCET. Taking a thermodynamic perspective, transfer of an electron is typically accompanied by a stoichiometric proton, much as the chemistry of lithium-ion batteries involves coupled transfers of e- and Li+. The PCET viewpoint implicates the surface-H bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) as the preeminent energetic parameter and its conceptual equivalents, the electrochemical ne-/nH+ potential versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and the free energy of hydrogenation, ΔG°H. These parameters capture the thermochemistry of PCET at interfaces better than electronic parameters such as Fermi energies, electron chemical potentials, flat-band potentials, or band-edge energies. A unified picture of PCET at metal and semiconductor surfaces is presented. Exceptions, limitations, implications, and future directions motivated by this approach are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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32
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Zhao N, Goetz MK, Schneider JE, Anderson JS. Testing the Limits of Imbalanced CPET Reactivity: Mechanistic Crossover in H-Atom Abstraction by Co(III)-Oxo Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5664-5673. [PMID: 36867838 PMCID: PMC10023487 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-oxo complexes are key intermediates in a variety of oxidative transformations, notably C-H bond activation. The relative rate of C-H bond activation mediated by transition metal-oxo complexes is typically predicated on substrate bond dissociation free energy in cases with a concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET). However, recent work has demonstrated that alternative stepwise thermodynamic contributions such as acidity/basicity or redox potentials of the substrate/metal-oxo may dominate in some cases. In this context, we have found basicity-governed concerted activation of C-H bonds with the terminal CoIII-oxo complex PhB(tBuIm)3CoIIIO. We have been interested in testing the limits of such basicity-dependent reactivity and have synthesized an analogous, more basic complex, PhB(AdIm)3CoIIIO, and studied its reactivity with H-atom donors. This complex displays a higher degree of imbalanced CPET reactivity than PhB(tBuIm)3CoIIIO with C-H substrates, and O-H activation of phenol substrates displays mechanistic crossover to stepwise proton transfer-electron transfer (PTET) reactivity. Analysis of the thermodynamics of proton transfer (PT) and electron transfer (ET) reveals a distinct thermodynamic crossing point between concerted and stepwise reactivity. Furthermore, the relative rates of stepwise and concerted reactivity suggest that maximally imbalanced systems provide the fastest CPET rates up to the point of mechanistic crossover, which results in slower product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Joseph E. Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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33
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Yang XD, Zhou JH, Cui JW, Yang J, Jia HP, Sun JK, Zhang J. Long-Lived Multiple Charge Separation by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215591. [PMID: 36691958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple charge separation has been successfully realized by a proton-coupled electron transfer reaction in an organic cocrystal. Benefiting from the adjustable electronic energy level of the electron donor and acceptor through thermal-induced proton migration, distinct optical absorption behaviors combined with color changes to blue or green are observed in these charge-separated states. It is of interest to note that such charge-separated states exhibit a longer lifetime of over a month as a result of the excellent coplanarity and π-π interaction of the electron acceptors. Moreover, the enhanced absorption toward longer wavelengths endows the charge-separated state with near-infrared (808 nm) photothermal conversion for imaging and bacterial inhibition, whereby the conversion performance can be controlled by the degree of proton migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hao Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wang Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Peng Jia
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
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34
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Keane TP, Veroneau SS, Hartnett AC, Nocera DG. Generation of Pure Oxygen from Briny Water by Binary Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4989-4993. [PMID: 36848225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the emphasis of water splitting is typically on hydrogen generation, there is value in the oxygen produced, especially in the undersea environment and for medicinal applications in the developing world. The generation of pure and breathable oxygen from abundant and accessible sources of water, such as brine and seawater, is challenging owing to the prevalence of the competing halide oxidation reaction to produce halogen and hypohalous acids. We show here that pure O2 may be generated from briny water by using an oxygen evolution catalyst with an overlayer that fulfills the criteria of (i) possessing a point of zero charge that results in halide anion rejection and (ii) promoting the disproportionation of hypohalous acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keane
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Samuel S Veroneau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alaina C Hartnett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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35
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Mohamadpour F. Carbazole-based photocatalyst (4CzIPN) as a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) fluorophore catalyzed gram-scale 2-amino-4H-chromene scaffolds photosynthesis via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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36
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Fang W, Feng S, Jiang Z, Liang W, Li P, Wang B. Understanding the Key Roles of pH Buffer in Accelerating Lignin Degradation by Lignin Peroxidase. JACS AU 2023; 3:536-549. [PMID: 36873691 PMCID: PMC9976348 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
pH buffer plays versatile roles in both biology and chemistry. In this study, we unravel the critical role of pH buffer in accelerating degradation of the lignin substrate in lignin peroxidase (LiP) using QM/MM MD simulations and the nonadiabatic electron transfer (ET) and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) theories. As a key enzyme involved in lignin degradation, LiP accomplishes the oxidation of lignin via two consecutive ET reactions and the subsequent C-C cleavage of the lignin cation radical. The first one involves ET from Trp171 to the active species of Compound I, while the second one involves ET from the lignin substrate to the Trp171 radical. Differing from the common view that pH = 3 may enhance the oxidizing power of Cpd I via protonation of the protein environment, our study shows that the intrinsic electric fields have minor effects on the first ET step. Instead, our study shows that the pH buffer of tartaric acid plays key roles during the second ET step. Our study shows that the pH buffer of tartaric acid can form a strong H-bond with Glu250, which can prevent the proton transfer from the Trp171-H•+ cation radical to Glu250, thereby stabilizing the Trp171-H•+ cation radical for the lignin oxidation. In addition, the pH buffer of tartaric acid can enhance the oxidizing power of the Trp171-H•+ cation radical via both the protonation of the proximal Asp264 and the second-sphere H-bond with Glu250. Such synergistic effects of pH buffer facilitate the thermodynamics of the second ET step and reduce the overall barrier of lignin degradation by ∼4.3 kcal/mol, which corresponds to a rate acceleration of 103-fold that agrees with experiments. These findings not only expand our understanding on pH-dependent redox reactions in both biology and chemistry but also provide valuable insights into tryptophan-mediated biological ET reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Fang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory
for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province
(IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P. R. China
| | - Shishi Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory
for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province
(IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory
for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province
(IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P. R. China
| | - Wanzhen Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory
for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province
(IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University
Chicago, 1068 W. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, Illinois60660, United States
| | - Binju Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Innovation Laboratory
for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province
(IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P. R. China
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37
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Wu LW, Liu C, Han Y, Yu Y, Liu Z, Huang YF. In Situ Spectroscopic Identification of the Electron-Transfer Intermediates of Photoelectrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer of Water Oxidation on Au. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2035-2039. [PMID: 36649589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Experimental elucidation of the decoupling of electron and proton transfer at a molecular level is essential for thoroughly understanding the kinetics of heterogeneous (photo)electrochemical proton-coupled electron transfer water oxidation. Here we illustrate the electron-transfer intermediates of positively charged surface oxygenated species on Au (Au-OH+) and their correlations with the rate of water oxidation by in situ microphotoelectrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At the intermediate stage of water oxidation, a characteristic blue shift of the vibration of Au-OH species in laser-power-density-dependent measurements was assigned to the light-induced production of Au-OH+ in water oxidation. The photothermal effect was excluded according to the vibrational frequencies of Au-OH species as the temperature was increased in a variable-temperature SERS measurement. Density functional theory calculations evidenced that the frequency blue shift is from the positively charged Au-OH species. The photocurrent-dependent frequency blue shift indicated that Au-OH+ is the key electron-transfer intermediate in water oxidation by decoupled electron and proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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38
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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39
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Sun C, Yu Q, Zhao Z, Zhang Y. Extracellular electron uptake for CO 2 fixation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris during electro-cultivation in darkness. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157864. [PMID: 35934039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a vital part of the global carbon cycle, photosynthesis helps in fixing CO2 to produce diverse biomass. However, over-reliance on optical density results in inadequate photosynthesis under limited light sources. The coupling of extracellular respiration and photosynthetic chain via the quinone pool provides a possibility for electrically driven photosynthesis in darkness, which is not well understood. In this study, CO2 fixation of photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris was enhanced in the dark via extracellular electron uptake from the electrode at -0.4 V. The copy number of R. palustris increased by 35 folds during 28 days of operation, accompanied by the increase of ATP content, NADH/NAD+, and NADPH/NADP+ of cells. Especially, the activity of Rubisco, the key enzyme of the Calvin cycle, increased by 28 % during electro-cultivation. Accordingly, the electrochemical activity of R. palustris was found to increase, which might be attributed to the structural modification of protein-like substances due to the enhanced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process in electro-cultivation, which was further confirmed by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and kinetic isotope effect tests. This study indicated that extracellular respiration could be electrostimulated via PCET to maintain photosynthesis in R. palustris in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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40
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Liu F, Ding C, Tian S, Lu SM, Feng C, Tu D, Liu Y, Wang W, Li C. Electrocatalytic NAD + reduction via hydrogen atom-coupled electron transfer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13361-13367. [PMID: 36507184 PMCID: PMC9682901 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor (NAD(P)H) is regarded as an important energy carrier and charge transfer mediator. Enzyme-catalyzed NADPH production in natural photosynthesis proceeds via a hydride transfer mechanism. Selective and effective regeneration of NAD(P)H from its oxidized form by artificial catalysts remains challenging due to the formation of byproducts. Herein, electrocatalytic NADH regeneration and the reaction mechanism on metal and carbon electrodes are studied. We find that the selectivity of bioactive 1,4-NADH is relatively high on Cu, Fe, and Co electrodes without forming commonly reported NAD2 byproducts. In contrast, more NAD2 side product is formed with the carbon electrode. ADP-ribose is confirmed to be a side product caused by the fragmentation reaction of NAD+. Based on H/D isotope effects and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, it is proposed that the formation of NADH on these metal electrodes proceeds via a hydrogen atom-coupled electron transfer (HadCET) mechanism, in contrast to the direct electron-transfer and NAD˙ radical pathway on carbon electrodes, which leads to more by-product, NAD2. This work sheds light on the mechanism of electrocatalytic NADH regeneration, which is different from biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 Liaoning China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shujie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Sheng-Mei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Dandan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Can Li
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 Liaoning China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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41
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Guo K, Chang L, Li N, Bao L, Shubeita SDM, Baidak A, Yu Z, Lu X. Two Birds with One Stone: Concurrent Ligand Removal and Carbon Encapsulation Decipher Thickness-Dependent Catalytic Activity. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8763-8770. [PMID: 36154126 PMCID: PMC9650766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A carbon shell encapsulating a transition metal-based core has emerged as an intriguing type of catalyst structure, but the effect of the shell thickness on the catalytic properties of the buried components is not well known. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study to reveal the thickness effect by carbonizing the isotropic and homogeneous oleylamine (OAm) ligands that cover colloidal MoS2. A thermal treatment turns OAm into a uniform carbon shell, while the size of MoS2 monolayers remains identical. When evaluated toward an acidic hydrogen evolution reaction, the calcined MoS2 catalysts deliver a volcano-type activity trend that depends on the calcination temperature. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy consistently provide an accurate quantification of the carbon shell thickness. The same variation pattern of catalytic activity and carbon shell thickness, aided by kinetic studies, is then persuasively justified by the respective limitations of electron and proton conductivities on the two branches of the volcano curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Litao Chang
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lipiao Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Aliaksandr Baidak
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Dalton
Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester, CumbriaCA24 3HA, United Kingdom
| | - Zhixin Yu
- Institute
of New Energy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing312000, People’s
Republic of China
- Department
of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Stavanger, 4036Stavanger, Norway
| | - Xing Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology,
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Ye J, Wang C, Gao C, Fu T, Yang C, Ren G, Lü J, Zhou S, Xiong Y. Solar-driven methanogenesis with ultrahigh selectivity by turning down H 2 production at biotic-abiotic interface. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6612. [PMID: 36329056 PMCID: PMC9633801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of methanogens with semiconductors is an effective approach to sustainable solar-driven methanogenesis. However, the H2 production rate by semiconductors largely exceeds that of methanogen metabolism, resulting in abundant H2 as side product. Here, we report that binary metallic active sites (namely, NiCu alloys) are incorporated into the interface between CdS semiconductors and Methanosarcina barkeri. The self-assembled Methanosarcina barkeri-NiCu@CdS exhibits nearly 100% CH4 selectivity with a quantum yield of 12.41 ± 0.16% under light illumination, which not only exceeds the reported biotic-abiotic hybrid systems but also is superior to most photocatalytic systems. Further investigation reveal that the Ni-Cu-Cu hollow sites in NiCu alloys can directly supply hydrogen atoms and electrons through photocatalysis to the Methanosarcina barkeri for methanogenesis via both extracellular and intracellular hydrogen cycles, effectively turning down the H2 production. This work provides important insights into the biotic-abiotic hybrid interface, and offers an avenue for engineering the methanogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ye
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Chao Wang
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Chao Gao
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Tao Fu
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Chaohui Yang
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Guoping Ren
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Jian Lü
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- grid.256111.00000 0004 1760 2876Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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43
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Hosseininasab V, DiMucci IM, Ghosh P, Bertke JA, Chandrasekharan S, Titus CJ, Nordlund D, Freed JH, Lancaster KM, Warren TH. Lewis acid-assisted reduction of nitrite to nitric and nitrous oxides via the elusive nitrite radical dianion. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1265-1269. [PMID: 36064970 PMCID: PMC9633411 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of nitrite anions (NO2-) to nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ultimately dinitrogen (N2) takes place in a variety of environments, including in the soil as part of the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and in acidified nuclear waste. Nitrite reduction typically takes place within the coordination sphere of a redox-active transition metal. Here we show that Lewis acid coordination can substantially modify the reduction potential of this polyoxoanion to allow for its reduction under non-aqueous conditions (-0.74 V versus NHE). Detailed characterization confirms the formation of the borane-capped radical nitrite dianion (NO22-), which features a N(II) oxidation state. Protonation of the nitrite dianion results in the facile loss of nitric oxide (NO), whereas its reaction with NO results in disproportionation to nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrite (NO2-). This system connects three redox levels in the global nitrogen cycle and provides fundamental insights into the conversion of NO2- to NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Pokhraj Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Charles J Titus
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jack H Freed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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44
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Riboflavin synthesis from gaseous nitrogen and carbon dioxide by a hybrid inorganic-biological system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210538119. [PMID: 36067303 PMCID: PMC9477400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210538119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes can provide a more sustainable and energy-efficient method of food and nutrient production compared to plant and animal sources, but energy-intensive carbon (e.g., sugars) and nitrogen (e.g., ammonia) inputs are required. Gas-fixing microorganisms that can grow on H2 from renewable water splitting and gaseous CO2 and N2 offer a renewable path to overcoming these limitations but confront challenges owing to the scarcity of genetic engineering in such organisms. Here, we demonstrate that the hydrogen-oxidizing carbon- and nitrogen-fixing microorganism Xanthobacter autotrophicus grown on a CO2/N2/H2 gas mixture can overproduce the vitamin riboflavin (vitamin B2). We identify plasmids and promoters for use in this bacterium and employ a constitutive promoter to overexpress riboflavin pathway enzymes. Riboflavin production is quantified at 15 times that of the wild-type organism. We demonstrate that riboflavin overproduction is maintained when the bacterium is grown under hybrid inorganic-biological conditions, in which H2 from water splitting, along with CO2 and N2, is fed to the bacterium, establishing the viability of the approach to sustainably produce food and nutrients.
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45
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Wu T, Rajabimoghadam K, Puri A, Hebert DD, Qiu YL, Eichelberger S, Siegler MA, Swart M, Hendrich MP, Garcia-Bosch I. A 4H +/4e - Electron-Coupled-Proton Buffer Based on a Mononuclear Cu Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16905-16915. [PMID: 36083845 PMCID: PMC10123533 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this research article, we describe a 4H+/4e- electron-coupled-proton buffer (ECPB) based on Cu and a redox-active ligand. The protonated/reduced ECPB (complex 1: [Cu(8H+/14e-)]1+), consisting of CuI with 2 equiv of the ligand (catLH4: 1,1'-(4,5-dimethoxy-1,2-phenylene)bis(3-(tert-butyl)urea)), reacted with H+/e- acceptors such as O2 to generate the deprotonated/oxidized ECPB. The resulting compound, (complex 5: [Cu(4H+/10e-)]1+), was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and density functional theory, and it is electronically described as a cuprous bis(benzoquinonediimine) species. The stoichiometric 4H+/4e- reduction of 5 was carried out with H+/e- donors to generate 1 (CuI and 2 equiv of catLH4) and the corresponding oxidation products. The 1/5 ECPB system catalyzed the 4H+/4e- reduction of O2 to H2O and the dehydrogenation of organic substrates in a decoupled (oxidations and reductions are separated in time and space) and a coupled fashion (oxidations and reductions coincide in time and space). Mechanistic analysis revealed that upon reductive protonation of 5 and oxidative deprotonation of 1, fast disproportionation reactions regenerate complexes 5 and 1 in a stoichiometric fashion to maintain the ECPB equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Ankita Puri
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David D Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yi Lin Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sidney Eichelberger
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Marcel Swart
- University of Girona, IQCC, Campus Montilivi (Cie#x300;ncies), 17003 Girona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael P Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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46
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Meng SL, Ye C, Li XB, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Photochemistry Journey to Multielectron and Multiproton Chemical Transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16219-16231. [PMID: 36054091 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The odyssey of photochemistry is accompanied by the journey to manipulate "electrons" and "protons" in time, in space, and in energy. Over the past decades, single-electron (1e-) photochemical transformations have brought marvelous achievements. However, as each photon absorption typically generates only one exciton pair, it is exponentially challenging to accomplish multielectron and proton photochemical transformations. The multistep differences in thermodynamics and kinetics urgently require us to optimize light harvesting, expedite consecutive electron transfer, manipulate the interaction of catalysts with substrates, and coordinate proton transfer kinetics to furnish selective bond formations. Tandem catalysis enables orchestrating different photochemical events and catalytic transformations from subpicoseconds to seconds, which facilitates multielectron redox chemistries and brings consecutive, value-added reactivities. Joint efforts in molecular and material design, mechanistic understanding, and theoretical modeling will bring multielectron and proton synthetic opportunities for fuels, fertilizers, and chemicals with enhanced versatility, efficiency, selectivity, and scalability, thus taking better advantage of photons (i.e., sunlight) for our sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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47
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Gobbato T, Rigodanza F, Benazzi E, Costa P, Garrido M, Sartorel A, Prato M, Bonchio M. Enhancing Oxygenic Photosynthesis by Cross-Linked Perylenebisimide "Quantasomes". J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14021-14025. [PMID: 35881505 PMCID: PMC9376926 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the natural-born photoelectrolyzer for oxygen delivery, photosystem II (PSII) is hardly replicated with man-made constructs. However, building on the "quantasome" hypothesis ( Science 1964, 144, 1009-1011), PSII mimicry can be pared down to essentials by shaping a photocatalytic ensemble (from the Greek term "soma" = body) where visible-light quanta trigger water oxidation. PSII-inspired quantasomes (QS) readily self-assemble into hierarchical photosynthetic nanostacks, made of bis-cationic perylenebisimides (PBI2+) as chromophores and deca-anionic tetraruthenate polyoxometalates (Ru4POM) as water oxidation catalysts ( Nat. Chem. 2019, 11, 146-153). A combined supramolecular and click-chemistry strategy is used herein to interlock the PBI-QS with tetraethylene glycol (TEG) cross-linkers, yielding QS-TEGlock with increased water solvation, controlled growth, and up to a 340% enhancement of the oxygenic photocurrent compared to the first generation QS, as probed on 3D-inverse opal indium tin oxide electrodes at 8.5 sun irradiance (λ > 450 nm, 1.28 V vs RHE applied bias, TOFmax = 0.096 ± 0.005 s-1, FEO2 > 95%). Action spectra, catalyst mass-activity, light-management, photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) together with Raman mapping of TEG-templated hydration shells point to a key role of the cross-linked PBI/Ru4POM nanoarrays, where the interplay of hydrophilic/hydrophobic domains is reminiscent of PSII-rich natural thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Benazzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, INSTM UdR, Padova, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Costa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR, Trieste, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, INSTM UdR, Padova, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Istituto per la Tecnologia delle Membrane, ITM-CNR, UoS di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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48
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De La Torre P, Derrick JS, Snider A, Smith PT, Loipersberger M, Head-Gordon M, Chang CJ. Exchange Coupling Determines Metal-Dependent Efficiency for Iron- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Photochemical CO 2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia De La Torre
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Derrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew Snider
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthias Loipersberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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49
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Wang YF, Zhang MT. Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reduction of Dioxygen: The Importance of Precursor Complex Formation between Electron Donor and Proton Donor. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12459-12468. [PMID: 35776107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction has drawn extensive attention for its widespread occurrence in chemistry, biology, and materials science. The mechanistic studies via model systems such as tyrosine and phenol oxidation have gradually deepened the understanding of PCET reactions, which was widely accepted and applied to bond activation and transformation. However, direct PCET activation of nonpolar bonds such as the C-H bond, O2, and N2 has yet to be explored. Herein, we report that the interaction between electron donor and proton donor could overcome the barrier of direct O2 activation via a concerted electron-proton transfer mechanism. This work provides a new strategy for developing direct PCET activation of nonpolar bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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50
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Waters SE, Robb BH, Scappaticci SJ, Saraidaridis JD, Marshak MP. Isolation and Characterization of a Highly Reducing Aqueous Chromium(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8752-8759. [PMID: 35642903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The highly reducing CrII-(1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetate) (CrPDTA) complex (-1.1 V vs SHE) has been isolated from aqueous solution and the solid-state structure is described. The reduced CrIIPDTA complex is characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, magnetic moment, and density functional theory calculations. The concentration profile, state of charge, and pH of CrPDTA electrolyte were monitored in a flow battery system in situ by absorption spectroscopy and a pH probe. The stability of CrIIPDTA in aqueous environments is demonstrated by the ability to isolate CaCrPDTA, despite the common misconception that water spontaneously evolves hydrogen at such potentials. The reduced CrIIPDTA prevents water from coordinating to the metal center by maintaining the same coordinatively saturated pseudo-octahedral structure as the oxidized CrIIIPDTA, despite experiencing an increased geometric strain from a Jahn-Teller distortion of the high-spin CrII ion. The important difference between solvent reactivity and solvent thermodynamic window is examined by comparing the electrochemical behavior of the reduced species of CrPDTA in various organic solvents to its behavior in aqueous solution. When examined in tetrahydrofuran (THF), the reduction potential of CrPDTA is observed to be -1.19 V vs cobaltocene (-2.52 V vs ferrocene). Reduced CrPDTA in aqueous solution is also exposed to atmospheric O2 without exhibiting any decomposition of the Cr(III) or Cr(II) species. The techniques detailed provide a higher standard method of characterization for flow battery electrolyte species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Waters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brian H Robb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Steven J Scappaticci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James D Saraidaridis
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Raytheon Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, United States
| | - Michael P Marshak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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