1
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Fusè M, Mazzeo G, Ghidinelli S, Evidente A, Abbate S, Longhi G. Experimental and theoretical aspects of magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic circularly polarized luminescence in the UV, visible and IR ranges: A review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124583. [PMID: 38850611 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
A historical sketch of the MCD (magnetic circular dichroism) spectroscopy is reported in its experimental and theoretical aspects. MCPL (magnetic circularly polarized luminescence) is also considered. The main studies are presented encompassing porphyrinoid systems, aggregates and materials, as well as simple organic molecules useful for the advancement of the interpretation. The MCD of chiral systems is discussed with special attention to new studies of natural products with potential pharmaceutical valence, including Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and related isocarbostyrils. Finally, the vibrational form of MCD, called MVCD, which is recorded in the IR part of the spectrum is also discussed. A final brief note on perspectives is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fusè
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Ghidinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70185 Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, c/o CSMT, Via Branze 35, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, c/o CSMT, Via Branze 35, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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2
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Gedeon C, Del Rio N, Furlan F, Taddeucci A, Vanthuyne N, Gregoriou VG, Fuchter MJ, Siligardi G, Gasparini N, Crassous J, Chochos CL. Rational Design of New Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality for Efficient Optoelectronic Devices: Carbo[6]Helicene and Indacenodithiophene Copolymers as Model Compounds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314337. [PMID: 38406997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The unique properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) in various optoelectronic applications are mainly attributed to their different self-assembly processes and superstructures. Various methods are utilized to tune and control CP structure and properties with less attention paid to the use of chirality. CPs with main chain chirality are rare and their microscopic and macroscopic properties are still unknown. In this work, the first experimental results are provided along these lines by synthesizing a series of racemic and enantiopure CPs containing statistical and alternating carbo[6]helicene and indacenodithiophene moieties and evaluating their microscopic (optical, energy levels) and macroscopic properties (hole mobilities, photovoltaic performance). It is demonstrated that a small statistical insertion of either the racemic or enantiopure helicene into the polymer backbone finely tunes the microscopic and macroscopic properties as a function of the statistical content. The microscopic properties of the enantiopure versus the racemic polymers with the same helicene loading remain similar. On the contrary, the macroscopic properties, and more interestingly those between the two enantiomeric forms, are altered as a function of the statistical content. Once incorporated into a solar cell device, these chiral CPs display better performance in their enantiopure versus racemic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gedeon
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, Rennes, 35000, France
| | | | - Francesco Furlan
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
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3
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Aibibula M, Song YH, Xu H, Chen MT, Kong XJ, Long LS, Zheng LS. Magneto-optical Properties of Chiral Co 2Ln and Co 3Ln 2 (Ln = Dy and Er) Clusters. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8003-8007. [PMID: 38647013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A series of chiral heterometallic Ln-Co clusters, denoted as Co2Ln and Co3Ln2 (Ln = Dy and Er), were synthesized by reacting the chiral chelating ligand (R/S)-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)pyridine (Hmpm), CoAc2·4H2O, and Ln(NO3)3·6H2O. Co2Ln and Co3Ln2 exhibit perfect mirror images in circular dichroism within the 320-700 nm range. Notably, the Co2Er and Co3Er2 clusters display pronounced magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) responses of the hypersensitive f-f transitions 4I15/2-4G11/2 at 375 nm and 4I15/2-2H11/2 at 520 nm of ErIII ions. This study highlights the strong magneto-optical activity associated with hypersensitive f-f transitions in chiral 3d-4f magnetic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukeremu Aibibula
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu-Hong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Han Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Man-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Functional Materials, Fujian Shanhai Collaborative Innovation Center of Rare-earth Functional Materials, Longyan 366300, China
| | - La-Sheng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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4
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Xue M, Zhang L, Wang X, Dong Q, Zhu Z, Wang X, Gu Q, Kang F, Li XX, Zhang Q. A Metal-Free Helical Covalent Inorganic Polymer: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315338. [PMID: 38126955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Helical morphologies are widely observed in nature, however, it is very challenging to prepare artificial helical polymers. Especially, precisely understanding the structure information of artificial metal-free helical covalent inorganic polymers via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis is rarely explored. Here, we successfully prepare a novel metal-free helical covalent inorganic polymer ({[Te(C6 H5 )2 ] [PO3 (OH)]}n , named CityU-10) by introducing angular anions (HOPO3 2- ) into traditional tellurium-oxygen chains. The dynamic reversibility of the reaction is realized through the introduction of organic tellurium precursor and the slow hydrolysis of polyphosphoric acid. High-quality and large-size single crystals of CityU-10 have been successfully characterized via SCXRD, where the same-handed helical inorganic polymer chains form a pseudo-two-dimensional layer via multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions. The left-handed layers and right-handed layers alternatively stack together through weak hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional supramolecular structure. The single crystals of CityU-10 are found to display promising optical properties with a large birefringence. Our results would offer new guidelines for designing and preparing new crystalline covalent polymers through tellurium-based chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zengkui Zhu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Qianfeng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xiong Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Oxygenated-Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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5
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Joseph JP, Malone T, Abraham SR, Dutta A, Gupta S, Kuzmin A, Baev A, Swihart MT, Hendrickson JR, Prasad PN. Plasticizer-Induced Enhancement of Mesoscale Dissymmetry in Thin Films of Chiral Polymers with Variable Chain Length. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305684. [PMID: 37725635 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with chiral side chains are of interest in areas including chiral photonics, optoelectronics, and chemical and biological sensing. However, the low dissymmetry factors of most neat polymer thin films have limited their practical application. Here, a robust method to increase the absorption dissymmetry factor in a poly-fluorene-thiophene (PF8TS series) system is demonstrated by varying molecular weight and introducing an achiral plasticizer, polyethylene mono alcohol (PEM-OH). Extending chain length within the optimal range and adding this long-chain alcohol significantly enhance the chiroptical properties of spin-coated and annealed thin films. Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry (MMSE) analysis shows good agreement with the steady-state transmission measurements confirming a strong chiral response (circular dichroism (CD) and circular birefringence (CB)), ruling out linear dichroism, birefringence, and specific reflection effects. Solid-state NMR studies of annealed hybrid chiral polymer systems show enhancement of signals associated with aromatic π-stacked backbone and the ordered side-chain conformations. Further studies using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and polarized optical microscopy (POM) indicate that PEM-OH facilitates mesoscopic crystal domain ordering upon annealing. This provides new insights into routes for tuning optical activity in conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo P Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Trent Malone
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Shema R Abraham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Avisek Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Andrey Kuzmin
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Alexander Baev
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Joshua R Hendrickson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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6
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Rai R, Khazeber R, Sureshan KM. Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Topochemical Synthesis of a Collagen-inspired Covalent Helical Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315742. [PMID: 37861464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
There is much demand for crystalline covalent helical polymers. Inspired by the helical structure of collagen, we synthesized a covalent helical polymer wherein the repeating dipeptide Gly-Pro units are connected by triazole linkages. We synthesized an azide and alkyne-modified dipeptide monomer made up of the repeating amino acid sequence of collagen. In its crystals, the monomer molecules aligned in head-to-tail fashion with proximally placed azide and alkyne forming supramolecular helices. At 60 °C, the monomer underwent single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition polymerization, yielding a covalent helical polymer as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Compared to the monomer crystals, the polymer single-crystals were very strong and showed three-fold increase in Young's modulus, which is higher than collagen, many synthetic polymers and other materials. The crystals of this covalent helical polymer could bear loads as high as 1.5 million times of their own weight without deformation. These crystals could also withstand high compression force and did not disintegrate even at an applied force of 98 kN. Such light-weight strong materials are in demand for various technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Rai
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Ravichandran Khazeber
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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7
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Joseph JP, Miglani C, Maulik A, Abraham SR, Dutta A, Baev A, Prasad PN, Pal A. Stereoselective Plasmonic Interaction in Peptide-tethered Photopolymerizable Diacetylenes Doped with Chiral Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306751. [PMID: 37483166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Designing polymeric systems with ultra-high optical activity is instrumental in the pursuit of smart artificial chiroptical materials, including the fundamental understanding of structure/property relations. Herein, we report a diacetylene (DA) moiety flanked by chiral D- and L-FF dipeptide methyl esters that exhibits efficient topochemical photopolymerization in the solid phase to furnish polydiacetylene (PDA) with desired control over the chiroptical properties. The doping of the achiral gold nanoparticles provides plasmonic interaction with the PDAs to render asymmetric shape to the circular dichroism bands. With the judicious design of the chiral amino acid ligand appended to the AuNPs, we demonstrate the first example of selective chiral amplification mediated by stereo-structural matching of the polymer-plasmonic AuNP hybrid pairs. Such ordered self-assembly aided by topochemical polymerization in peptide-tethered PDA provides a smart strategy to produce soft responsive materials for applications in chiral photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo P Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), 14260, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chirag Miglani
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Antarlina Maulik
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shema R Abraham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), 14260, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Avisek Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), 14260, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Baev
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), 14260, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), 14260, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Asish Pal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, 140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
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8
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Porsev VV, Evarestov RA. Current State of Computational Modeling of Nanohelicenes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2295. [PMID: 37630880 PMCID: PMC10458037 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This review considers the works that focus on various aspects of the theoretical description of nanohelicenes (other equivalent names are graphene spirals, graphene helicoid, helical graphene nanoribbon, or helical graphene)-a promising class of one-dimensional nanostructures. The intrinsic helical topology and continuous π-system lead to the manifestation of unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties that are also highly dependent on axial and torsion strains. In this paper, it was shown that the properties of nanohelicenes are mainly associated with the peripheral modification of the nanohelicene ribbon. We have proposed a nomenclature that enables the classification of all nanohelicenes as modifications of some prototype classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly V. Porsev
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Saint-Petersburg State University, St Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Robert A. Evarestov
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Saint-Petersburg State University, St Petersburg 199034, Russia
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9
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Wang Z, Lin H, Zhang M, Yu W, Zhu C, Wang P, Huang Y, Lv F, Bai H, Wang S. Water-soluble conjugated polymers for bioelectronic systems. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1210-1233. [PMID: 36752220 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01520j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics is an interdisciplinary field of research that aims to establish a synergy between electronics and biology. Contributing to a deeper understanding of bioelectronic processes and the built bioelectronic systems, a variety of new phenomena, mechanisms and concepts have been derived in the field of biology, medicine, energy, artificial intelligence science, etc. Organic semiconductors can promote the applications of bioelectronics in improving original performance and creating new features for organisms due to their excellent photoelectric and electrical properties. Recently, water-soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) have been employed as a class of ideal interface materials to regulate bioelectronic processes between biological systems and electronic systems, relying on their satisfying ionic conductivity, water-solubility, good biocompatibility and the additional mechanical and electrical properties. In this review, we summarize the prominent contributions of WSCPs in the aspect of the regulation of bioelectronic processes and highlight the latest advances in WSCPs for bioelectronic applications, involving biosynthetic systems, photosynthetic systems, biophotovoltaic systems, and bioelectronic devices. The challenges and outlooks of WSCPs in designing high-performance bioelectronic systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuanwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Li L, Su Y, Ji Y, Wang P. A Long-Lived Water-Soluble Phenazine Radical Cation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5778-5785. [PMID: 36791217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived water-soluble organic radical species have long been desired for applications in bioimaging and aqueous energy storage technologies. In the present work, we report a phenazine radical cation sodium 3,3'-(phenazine-5,10-diyl)bis(propane-1-sulfonate) (PSPR) with a high solubility of 1.4 M and high stability in water. Collaboratively demonstrated by experiments and theoretical calculations, PSPR is not prone to undergo dimerization or disproportionation reactions, and its appropriate electron density avoids reactions with oxygen or water, which contribute together to its long lifetime in water under air. With an open-shell configuration, PSPR shows interesting magnetic activity with a narrow linewidth in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and a magnetic circular dichroism response. PSPR exhibits an ambipolar redox activity in water. By pairing with a cheap zinc negative electrolyte, a high-performance aqueous organic redox flow battery based on PSPR as a positive electrolyte with an open-circuit voltage of 1.0 V is established, which shows no obvious capacity fade after cycling for 2500 cycles (∼27 days), demonstrating the great promise of PSPR for large-scale energy-storage technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihang Su
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yunlong Ji
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Cholesterol side groups in Helical Poly(3-alkylesterfurans). Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Xu H, Ye S, Zhao R, Seferos DS. Homogeneous Synthesis of Monodisperse Sequence‐Defined Conjugated Oligomers by Temperature Cycling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210340. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
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13
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Xu H, Ye S, Zhao R, Seferos DS. Homogeneous Synthesis of Monodisperse Sequence‐Defined Conjugated Oligomers by Temperature Cycling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- University of Toronto - St George Campus: University of Toronto Chemistry CANADA
| | - Shuyang Ye
- University of Toronto - St George Campus: University of Toronto Chemistry CANADA
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- University of Toronto - St George Campus: University of Toronto Chemistry CANADA
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- University of Toronto Chemistry 80 St. George Street M5S 3H6 Toronto CANADA
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14
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Ye S, Lotocki V, Xu H, Seferos DS. Group 16 conjugated polymers based on furan, thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6442-6474. [PMID: 35843215 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five-membered aromatic rings containing Group 16 elements (O, S, Se, and Te), also referred as chalcogenophenes, are ubiquitous building blocks for π-conjugated polymers (CPs). Among these, polythiophenes have been established as a model system to study the interplay between molecular structure, solid-state organization, and electronic performance. The judicious substitution of alternative heteroatoms into polythiophenes is a promising strategy for tuning their properties and improving the performance of derived organic electronic devices, thus leading to the recent abundance of CPs containing furan, selenophene, and tellurophene. In this review, we first discuss the current status of Kumada, Negishi, Murahashi, Suzuki-Miyaura, and direct arylation polymerizations, representing the best routes to access well-defined chalcogenophene-containing homopolymers and copolymers. The self-assembly, optical, solid-state, and electronic properties of these polymers and their influence on device performance are then summarized. In addition, we highlight post-polymerization modifications as effective methods to transform polychalcogenophene backbones or side chains in ways that are unobtainable by direct polymerization. Finally, the major challenges and future outlook in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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15
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Single-crystal-to-single-crystal translation of a helical supramolecular polymer to a helical covalent polymer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205320119. [PMID: 35858342 PMCID: PMC9303982 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205320119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers possessing helical conformation in the solid state are in high demand. We report a helical peptide-polymer via the topochemical ene-azide cycloaddition (TEAC) polymerization. The molecules of the designed Gly-Phe-based dipeptide, decorated with ene and azide, assemble in its crystals as β-sheets and as supramolecular helices in two mutually perpendicular directions. While the NH…O H-bonding facilitates β-sheet-like stacking along one direction, weak CH…N H-bonding between the azide-nitrogen and vinylic-hydrogen of molecules belonging to the adjacent stacks arranges them in a head-to-tail manner as supramolecular helices. In the crystal lattice, the azide and alkene of adjacent molecules in the supramolecular helix are suitably preorganized for their TEAC reaction. The dipeptide underwent regio- and stereospecific polymerization upon mild heating in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal fashion, yielding a triazoline-linked helical covalent polymer that could be characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Upon heating, the triazoline-linked polymer undergoes denitrogenation to aziridine-linked polymer, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and solid-state NMR analyses.
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16
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Nelson Z, Delage-Laurin L, Swager TM. ABCs of Faraday Rotation in Organic Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11912-11926. [PMID: 35762922 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Faraday rotation is a magneto-optical effect central to a number of commercial technologies including optical isolation and magneto-optical imaging. Today, the performance needs of these technologies are met by inorganic materials containing paramagnetic heavy elements. However, organic thin films are increasingly being evaluated as replacement materials, promising higher magneto-optical performance and facile fabrication of structures that enable expanded applications. Despite being an object of research for more than 175 years, our understanding of the Faraday effect in solid-state organic materials remains incomplete, hindering our attempts to methodically improve magneto-optical performance. This Perspective aims to place several recent advances in the field of thin-film organic Faraday rotators within the well-established theoretical framework developed by solution-state magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopists: the Faraday A, B, and C terms. Through careful consideration of these quantum mechanical mechanisms in example molecules, an intuitive understanding of the impact of chemical structure in thin-film Faraday rotators can be achieved, including the critical roles of molecular symmetry, rigidity, absorptivity, and magnetism. Future work seeking to maximize the magneto-optical performance of organic thin films may more readily evaluate candidate chromophores based on the Faraday A, B, and C term framework presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Léo Delage-Laurin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Park KS, Xue Z, Patel BB, An H, Kwok JJ, Kafle P, Chen Q, Shukla D, Diao Y. Chiral emergence in multistep hierarchical assembly of achiral conjugated polymers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2738. [PMID: 35585050 PMCID: PMC9117306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimately connected to the rule of life, chirality remains a long-time fascination in biology, chemistry, physics and materials science. Chiral structures, e.g., nucleic acid and cholesteric phase developed from chiral molecules are common in nature and synthetic soft materials. While it was recently discovered that achiral but bent-core mesogens can also form chiral helices, the assembly of chiral microstructures from achiral polymers has rarely been explored. Here, we reveal chiral emergence from achiral conjugated polymers, in which hierarchical helical structures are developed through a multistep assembly pathway. Upon increasing concentration beyond a threshold volume fraction, dispersed polymer nanofibers form lyotropic liquid crystalline (LC) mesophases with complex, chiral morphologies. Combining imaging, X-ray and spectroscopy techniques with molecular simulations, we demonstrate that this structural evolution arises from torsional polymer molecules which induce multiscale helical assembly, progressing from nano- to micron scale helical structures as the solution concentration increases. This study unveils a previously unknown complex state of matter for conjugated polymers that can pave way to a field of chiral (opto)electronics. We anticipate that hierarchical chiral helical structures can profoundly impact how conjugated polymers interact with light, transport charges, and transduce signals from biomolecular interactions and even give rise to properties unimagined before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Xue
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bijal B Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hyosung An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin J Kwok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Beckman Institute, Molecular Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Materials Research Laboratory, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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18
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Delabie J, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Verbiest T, Koeckelberghs G. Influence of the degree of polymerization and surface curvature on the supramolecular organization of fixated polythiophenes. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Du M, Liu X, Xie S. Spin-orbit coupling and the fine optical structure of chiral helical polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9557-9563. [PMID: 35394001 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, it has been recognized that spin and structural spin-orbit coupling (SOC) play important roles in the electro-optical properties of chiral materials. We redefine the spin-dependent current and magnetic moment operators to include chiral-induced SOC in a helical polymer and deduce optical absorption and circular dichroism (CD) formulae. The fine structure in the optical spectra is calculated for a helical polymer described with the tight-binding model. The effects of both the electron orbit and spin on the optical absorption and CD are discussed. Our investigations demonstrate that the synergy between the electron orbit and spin will contribute to higher-sensitivity circularly polarized light (CPL) detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhao Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Shijie Xie
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
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20
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Controlling the helicity of π-conjugated oligomers by tuning the aromatic backbone twist. Nat Commun 2022; 13:451. [PMID: 35064118 PMCID: PMC8782941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of π-conjugated oligomers and polymers are commonly controlled by side group engineering, main chain engineering, or conformational engineering. The last approach is typically limited to controlling the dihedral angle around the interring single bonds to prevent loss of π-conjugation. Here we propose a different approach to conformational engineering that involves controlling the twist of the aromatic units comprising the backbone by using a tether of varying lengths. We demonstrate this approach by synthesizing an inherently twisted building unit comprised of helically locked tethered acenes, bearing acetylene end-groups to enable backbone extension, which was applied in a series of nine helical oligomers with varying backbone length and twist. We find that the optical and electronic properties of π-conjugated systems may be determined by the additive, antagonistic, or independent effects of backbone length and twist angle. The twisted oligomers display chiral amplification, arising from the formation of secondary helical structures. One approach to altering the properties of π-conjugated oligomers is conformational engineering, in which the degree of rotation around the bonds linking monomers is restricted. Here the authors apply the conformational engineering approach on individual monomers using tethers of varying lengths to twist the aromatic units, and study the effects of varying the angles.
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21
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Zhang Q, Chang M, Fan Z, Deng L, Lu Y. Direct (hetero)arylation polymerization, electrochemical and optical properties of regioregular 3-substituted polythiophenes with alkylsulphanyl and alkylsulfonyl groups. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Liu J, Du X, Chen S. A Phase Inversion‐Based Microfluidic Fabrication of Helical Microfibers towards Versatile Artificial Abdominal Skin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering, vJiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering, vJiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering, vJiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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23
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Liu JD, Du XY, Chen S. A Phase Inversion-Based Microfluidic Fabrication of Helical Microfibers towards Versatile Artificial Abdominal Skin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25089-25096. [PMID: 34505753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic spinning technology (MST), incorporating microfluidics with chemical reactions, has gained considerable interest for constructing anisotropic advanced microfibers, especially helical microfibers. However, these efforts suffer from the limited material choices, restricting their applications. Here, a new phase inversion-based microfluidic spinning (PIMS) method is proposed for producing helical microfibers. This method undergoes a physicochemical phase inversion process, which is capable of efficiently manufacturing strong (tensile stress of more than 25 MPa), stretchable, flexible and biocompatible helical microfibers. The helical microfibers can be used to fabricate bi-oriented stretchable artificial abdominal skin, preventing incisional hernia formation and promoting the wound healing without conglutination. This research not only offers a universal approach to design helical microfibers but also provides a new insight into artificial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, vJiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, vJiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, vJiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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24
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Lin PS, Shoji Y, Afraj SN, Ueda M, Lin CH, Inagaki S, Endo T, Tung SH, Chen MC, Liu CL, Higashihara T. Controlled Synthesis of Poly[(3-alkylthio)thiophene]s and Their Application to Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31898-31909. [PMID: 34190528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Regioregular polythiophenes have been widely used in organic electronic applications due to their solution processability with chemical modification through side chain engineering, as well as their microstructural organization and good hole transport properties. Here, we introduce alkylthio side chains, (poly[(3-alkylthio)thiophene]s; P3ATTs), with strong noncovalent sulfur molecular interactions, to main chain thienyl backbones. These P3ATTs were compared with alkyl-substituted polythiophene (poly(3-alkylthiophene); P3AT) variants such that the effects of straight (hexyl and decyl) and branched (2-ethylhexyl) side chains (with and without S atoms) on their thin-film morphologies and crystalline states could be investigated. P3ATTs with linear alkylthio side chains (P3HTT, hexylthio; P3DTT, decylthio) did not attain the expected higher organic field-effect transistor (OFET) mobilities with respect to P3HT (hexyl) and P3DT (decyl) mainly due to their lower regioregularity (76-78%), although P3ATTs exhibit an enhanced tendency for aggregation and compact molecular packing, as indicated by the red-shifting of the absorption spectra and the shortening of the π-π stacking distance, respectively. Moreover, the loss of regioregularity issue can be solved by introducing more soluble 2-ethylhexylthio branched side chains to form poly[3-(2-ethylhexylthio)thiophene] (P3EHTT), which provides enhanced crystallinity and efficient charge mobility (increased by up to a factor of 3) with respect to the poly(2-ethylhexylthiophene) (P3EHT) without S atoms in the side moieties. This study demonstrates that the presence of side chain alkylthio structural motifs with nonbonded interactions in polythiophene semiconductors has a beneficial impact on the molecular conformation, morphologies, structural packing, and charge transport in OFET devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yamato Shoji
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shakil N Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shin Inagaki
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Taiki Endo
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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25
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Krasowska D, Karpowicz R, Drabowicz J. Chiral Polythiophenes: Part I: Syntheses of Monomeric Precursors. Molecules 2021; 26:4205. [PMID: 34299480 PMCID: PMC8306549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this mini-review is to comprehensively present the synthetic approaches used for the preparation of non-racemic mono- and multi-substituted thiophenes, which, in turn, can be applied as precursors for the synthesis of chiral polythiophenes isolated as a single chemical entity or having supramolecular thin-layer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Krasowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Karpowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Józef Drabowicz
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej Ave. 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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26
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Wang K, Xiao Y. Chirality in polythiophenes: A review. Chirality 2021; 33:424-446. [PMID: 34165198 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chiroptical polythiophene (PTh), as one of the most important chiral conductive polymers, is an emerging and hot topic in chiral materials, which shows great application potentials in fields as diverse as chiral sensing and separation, asymmetry catalysis, chiroptoelectronics, and even chiro-spintronics. This review summarizes progress in chiral polythiophenes (PThs) in the past 10 years, including the synthesis, properties and applications. Main focus is placed on the manner in which chirality is implemented and the optical activity of the chiral PThs. We showcase examples in which the chirality of PThs is induced by side chain substituents with point, planar, and axial chirality or arises from external chiral media. Application of chiral PThs is also included. Finally, perspectives for further development are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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27
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Delage-Laurin L, Nelson Z, Swager TM. C-Term Faraday Rotation in Metallocene Containing Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25137-25142. [PMID: 34008403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Faraday effect is a magneto-optical (MO) phenomenon that causes the plane of linearly polarized light to rotate when passing through a medium subjected to a parallel magnetic field. Informed by the established quantum mechanical model developed by Buckingham and Stephens, we sought to identify molecules that would exhibit large MO responses. Magnetic circular dichroism studies of ferrocenium in the 1970s revealed its potential as an MO material; however, it has not been evaluated in the context of Faraday rotation and thin-film optical applications. Herein, we report near-infrared (NIR) Faraday rotation in thin films of decamethylferrocenium/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites with maximum Verdet constants of -3.45 × 104 deg T-1 m-1 at 810 nm (absorbance = 0.09) and -1.44 × 104 deg T-1 m-1 at 870 nm (absorbance = 0.01). These polymer-metallocene thin films deliver larger Verdet constants than commercially used NIR inorganic Faraday rotators and are facile and inexpensive to produce. The temperature dependence and distinct lineshape of the MO responses observed in decamethylferrocenium radical cations, decamethylmanganocene, and chromocene are in accordance with the quantum mechanical model. The observation of a strong C-term Faraday rotation in solid-state organometallic materials provides the groundwork for the development of high-performance metallocene-based Faraday rotators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Delage-Laurin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zachary Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Nelson Z, Delage-Laurin L, Peeks MD, Swager TM. Large Faraday Rotation in Optical-Quality Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7096-7103. [PMID: 33905654 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The magneto-optical phenomenon known as Faraday rotation involves the rotation of plane-polarized light as it passes through an optical medium in the presence of an external magnetic field oriented parallel to the direction of light propagation. Faraday rotators find applications in optical isolators and magnetic-field imaging technologies. In recent years, organic thin films comprised of polymeric and small-molecule chromophores have demonstrated Verdet constants, which measure the magnitude of rotation at a given magnetic field strength and material thickness, that exceed those found in conventional inorganic crystals. We report herein the thin-film magnetic circular birefringence (MCB) spectra and maximum Verdet constants of several commercially available and newly synthesized phthalocyanine and porphyrin derivatives. Five of these species achieved maximum Verdet constant magnitudes greater than 105 deg T-1 m-1 at wavelengths between 530 and 800 nm. Notably, a newly reported zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative (ZnPc-OT) reached a Verdet constant of -33 × 104 deg T-1 m-1 at 800 nm, which is among the largest reported for an organic material, especially for an optical-quality thin film. The MCB spectra are consistent with resonance-enhanced Faraday rotation in the region of the Q-band electronic transition common to porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives, and the Faraday A-term describes the electronic origin of the magneto-optical activity. Overall, we demonstrate that phthalocyanines and porphyrins are a class of rationally designed magneto-optical materials suitable for applications demanding large Verdet constants and high optical quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leo Delage-Laurin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin D Peeks
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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29
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Delabie J, Ceunen W, Detavernier S, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Verbiest T, Koeckelberghs G. Catechol as a Universal Linker for the Synthesis of Hybrid Polyfluorene/Nanoparticle Materials. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Delabie
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ward Ceunen
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Siebe Detavernier
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place de Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place de Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Box 2425, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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30
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Li G, Matsuno T, Han Y, Wu S, Zou Y, Jiang Q, Isobe H, Wu J. Fused Quinoidal Dithiophene-Based Helicenes: Synthesis by Intramolecular Radical-Radical Coupling Reactions and Dynamics of Interconversion of Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10326-10333. [PMID: 33565194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of fused quinoidal dithiophene-based double and triple helicenes (1-M, 2-M, 2-M-Cl, 3-M, 3-M-Cl) were synthesized by intramolecular radical-radical coupling followed by oxidative dehydrogenation reaction. These helical molecules show dynamic interconversion of enantiomers in solution as revealed by variable-temperature NMR measurements, and the energy barriers are correlated to the substituents and topological structures. Notably, dynamic high performance liquid chromatography was used to quantitatively investigate the room-temperature racemization process between the (P,P,M)- and (P,M,M)- enantiomers of the triple helical 3-M-Cl, which gave an interconversion energy barrier in consistent with density functional theory calculations. Their optical and electrochemical properties are dependent on the fusion mode. Our studies provide both new synthetic strategy and new dynamic analytical method for helicenes with unique electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Fused Quinoidal Dithiophene‐Based Helicenes: Synthesis by Intramolecular Radical–Radical Coupling Reactions and Dynamics of Interconversion of Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Vu Quoc T, Duong LT, Quoc VD, Tran Quoc T, Nguyen Trong D, Talu S. Effect of doped H, Br, Cu, Kr, Ge, As and Fe on structural features and bandgap of poly C13H8OS-X: a DFT calculation. Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:53-62. [PMID: 33658884 PMCID: PMC7872542 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2021.1877431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural features such as the shape, the lattice constant, the bond length, the total energy per cell, and the energy bandgap (Eg) of C13H8OS-X are studied by the calculating Partial Density Of States (PDOS), and DOS package of the Material Studio (MS) software. Calculations show that the bond length and the bond angle between atoms insignificant change as 1.316 Å to 1.514 Å for C-C, 1.211 Å for C-O, 1.077 Å to 1.105 Å for C-H; bond angle of round one changes from 118.883° to 121.107° for C-C-C, from 117.199° to 122.635° for H-C-C, from 119.554° to 123.147° for C-C-O and from 109.956° to 117.537° for C-C-H. When C13H8OS-X doped in the order of -Br, -Cu, -Kr, -Ge, -As, and -Fe then bond lengths, bond angles between atoms have a nearly constant value. Particularly for links C-X, there is a huge change in value, respectively 1.876, 1.909, 10.675, 2.025, 2.016, 2.014 Å; the total energy change from Etot = -121,794 eV to Etot = -202,859 eV, and the energy band gap decreases from Eg = 2.001 eV to Eg = 0.915 eV. The obtained results are useful and serve as a basis for future experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu Quoc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - La Trieu Duong
- Hanoi - Amsterdam High School for the Gifted, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Duong Quoc
- Faculty of Physics, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Tran Quoc
- Faculty of Basic Science, University of Transport Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Nguyen Trong
- Hanoi National University of Education, Faculty of Physics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Stefan Talu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania
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33
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Abstract
This review surveys recent progress towards robust chiral nanostructure fabrication techniques using synthetic helical polymers, the unique inferred properties that these materials possess, and their intricate connection to natural, biological chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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34
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Zhou L, Xu X, Jiang Z, Xu L, Chu B, Liu N, Wu Z. Selective Synthesis of Single‐Handed Helical Polymers from Achiral Monomer and a Mechanism Study on Helix‐Sense‐Selective Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Xun‐Hui Xu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Jiang
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Ben‐Fa Chu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Zong‐Quan Wu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
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35
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Zhou L, Xu X, Jiang Z, Xu L, Chu B, Liu N, Wu Z. Selective Synthesis of Single‐Handed Helical Polymers from Achiral Monomer and a Mechanism Study on Helix‐Sense‐Selective Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:806-812. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Xun‐Hui Xu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Jiang
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Ben‐Fa Chu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
| | - Zong‐Quan Wu
- Department of polymer science and engineering School of chemistry and chemical engineering Anhui Key Lab of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Hefei university of Technology 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009 Anhui China
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36
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Amsallem D, Bedi A, Tassinari F, Gidron O. Relation between Morphology and Chiroptical Properties in Chiral Conducting Polymer Films: A Case Study in Chiral PEDOT. Macromolecules 2020; 53:9521-9528. [PMID: 33191953 PMCID: PMC7660938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties of conducting polymers are influenced by their micro- and macrostructural orders, which can be tailored by substituent modification. However, while the effect of substituents on conducting polymers is extensively investigated, chiral substituents are far less studied. Furthermore, many chiral conducting polymers have regioirregular structures, which result in polymer films with inferior properties. In this work, we apply electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy to study the morphological changes to the chiral polymers under different polymerization conditions. For this purpose, we investigated 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) derivatives having two stereogenic centers on each monomer and bearing methyl or phenyl side groups (dimethyl-EDOT and diphenyl-EDOT, respectively). Polymerizing the enantiomerically pure monomers produces regioregular and stereoregular dimethyl-PEDOT and diphenyl-PEDOT, respectively. The effect of the electrolyte and solvent on polymer film morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ECD, showing a correlation between the polymer's morphology and the chiroptical properties of its films. We found that, for diphenyl-PEDOT, the combination of perchlorate anion electrolyte and acetonitrile solvent resulted in a unique morphology characterized by significant intermolecular interactions. These interactions were clearly observable in the ECD spectra in the form of exciton couplings, whose presence was supported by TD-DFT calculations. A small enantiomeric excess was sufficient to induce very intense ECD signals, demonstrating chiral amplification in electropolymerized films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Amsallem
- The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anjan Bedi
- The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
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37
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Jiang Q, Han Y, Zou Y, Phan H, Yuan L, Herng TS, Ding J, Chi C. S‐shaped
para
‐Quinodimethane‐Embedded Double [6]Helicene and Its Charged Species Showing Open‐Shell Diradical Character. Chemistry 2020; 26:15613-15622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Liu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
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38
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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39
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Yoshinaga K, Delage-Laurin L, Swager TM. Fluorous phthalocyanines and subphthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating fluorine atoms into a molecule can endow it with various unique properties that enable materials applications. Selective solubility in fluorous solvents is achieved by a high fluorine content and selective partitioning into perfluorinated liquids over organic and aqueous phases provides orthogonal opportunities for chemistry and materials assembly. Although there is a growing number of partially fluorinated molecules, there are insufficient structural design principles to produce diverse fluorous soluble dyes. Herein, we report the synthesis of six fluorous phthalocyanine and subphthalocyanine dyes, and study their properties in the fluorous phase. Phthalocyanines generally display limited solubility and we also observed apparent aggregation in the fluorous phase. However, the nonplanar subphthalocyanines showed greater solubility. Subphthalocyanines also displayed fluorescence in selected solvents, and their emissive properties were investigated. The materials described expand the library of fluorous dyes and provide insights for the design of new molecules with fluorous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yoshinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leo Delage-Laurin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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40
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Kumar R, Aggarwal H, Srivastava A. Of Twists and Curves: Electronics, Photophysics, and Upcoming Applications of Non-Planar Conjugated Organic Molecules. Chemistry 2020; 26:10653-10675. [PMID: 32118325 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-planar conjugated organic molecules (NPCOMs) contain π-conjugation across their length and also exhibit asymmetry in their conformation. In other words, certain molecular fragments in NPCOMs are either twisted or curved out of planarity. This conformational asymmetry in NPCOMs leads to non-uniform charge-distribution across the molecule, with important photophysical and electronic consequences such as altered thermodynamic stability, chemical reactivity, as well as materials properties. Majorly, NPCOMs can be classified as having either Fused or Rotatable architectures. NPCOMs have been the focus of significant scientific attention in the recent past due to their exciting photophysical behavior that includes intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and long-lived charge-separated states. In addition, they also have many useful materials characteristics such as biradical character, semi-conductivity, dynamic conformations, and mechanochromism. As a result, rational design of NPCOMs and mapping their structure-property correlations has become imperative. Researchers have executed conformational changes in NPCOMs through a variety of external stimuli such as pH, temperature, anions-cations, solvent, electric potential, and mechanical force in order to tailor their photophysical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. Converging to these points, this review highlights the lucrative electronic features, photophysical traits and upcoming applications of NPCOMs by a selective survey of the recent scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Himanshu Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
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41
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Jiang Z, Wang J, Gao T, Ma J, Liu Z, Chen R. Rational Design of Axially Chiral Platinabinaphthalenes with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Red Circularly Polarized Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9520-9527. [PMID: 31990175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials have received a lot of interest due to their potential applications in next-generation displays. However, the development of easily accessible red circularly polarized phosphorescent emitters for practical organic light-emitting diodes fabrication remains a grand challenge. In this paper, we report a new family of CPL-active platinum complexes based on the binaphthalene chiral platform. These axially chiral platinabinaphthalenes were facile synthesized by directly incorporating platinum(II) into the π-conjugated backbone of a commercially available enantiopure binaphthalene derivate. These complexes exhibit aggregation-induced circularly polarized phosphorescence enhancement with high quantum yields of up to 66% and luminescence dissymmetry factors of around 2.6 × 10-3. Moreover, solution-processable circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CPOLEDs) using these complexes as emitters show good performance with the maximum luminance of up to 3500 cd m-2 and dissymmetry factor values of around 1.0 × 10-3. These findings by the rational design of axially chiral platinabinaphthalenes are important for the development of high-performance CPL complexes for CPOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , 159 Longpan Road , Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037 , China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Weyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Tingting Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , 159 Longpan Road , Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037 , China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jianping Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , 159 Longpan Road , Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Weyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
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42
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Fong D, Lang A, Li K, Adronov A. Visible Light-Mediated Photoclick Functionalization of a Conjugated Polymer Backbone. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Fong
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Alice Lang
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Kelvin Li
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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43
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Amna B, Siddiqi HM, Hassan A, Ozturk T. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioregular thiophene-based conjugated polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications using nickel and palladium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4322-4396. [PMID: 35495258 PMCID: PMC9049189 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-based conjugated polymers are important conjugated polymers due to their exceptional optical and conductive properties, over the past few decades many researchers have designed novel strategies to reach more efficient materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Amna
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Istanbul Technical University
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- TUBITAK-UME
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44
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Abstract
We present organic, diamagnetic materials based on structurally simple (hetero-)tolane derivatives. They form crystalline thin-film aggregates that are suitable for Faraday rotation (FR) spectroscopy. The resulting new materials are characterized appropriately by common spectroscopic (NMR, UV-Vis), microscopy (POM), and XRD techniques. The spectroscopic studies give extremely high FR activities, thus making these materials promising candidates for future practical applications. Other than a proper explanation, we insist on the complexity of designing efficient FR materials starting from single molecules.
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Bedi A, Gidron O. The Consequences of Twisting Nanocarbons: Lessons from Tethered Twisted Acenes. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2482-2490. [PMID: 31453688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are determined by their size, shape, and functional groups. Equally important is their curvature, since deviation from planarity can affect their optical, electronic, and magnetic properties and also induce chirality. Acenes, which can be viewed as one-dimensional nanocarbons, are often twisted out of planarity. Although twisting is expected to affect the above-mentioned properties, it is often overlooked. This Account focuses on helically locked twistacenes (twisted acenes) having different twist angles and the effect of twisting on their electronic and optical properties. Various synthetic approaches to inducing backbone twist in acenes are discussed, with a focus on the introduction of a diagonal tether across the core, as this minimizes confounding substituent effects. Using such tethered acenes as our model, we then discuss the effects of twisting the aromatic core on twistacene properties. Electronic properties. Increasing the degree of twist only slightly affects the HOMO and LUMO energy levels. Twisting leads to a small increase in the HOMO level and a decrease in the LUMO level, which produces an overall decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap. Optical properties. As the degree of twist increases, a slight bathochromic shift is observed in the absorption spectra, in accordance with the decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap. The fluorescence quantum efficiency and the fluorescence lifetime also decrease. This is likely to be related to an increasing rate of intersystem crossing, which arises from increased spin-orbit coupling. In addition, computational studies indicate that the S0-T1 energy gap decreases with increasing twist. Chiroptical properties. Increased twisting results in a larger Cotton effect and anisotropy factor, with the anisotropy factors of Ant-Cn being higher than those of longer helicenes. The parallel orientation of electric and magnetic transition dipole moments in twistacenes underlies this behavior and renders them as excellent chiroptical materials. The same trend is observed for the radical cations of twistacenes, which absorb in the NIR spectral region. Conjugation and delocalization. Twisting the anthracene radical cation up to 40° (13° per benzene ring) does not significantly affect spin delocalization, with the EPR spectra of twistacene radical cations showing that only slight localization occurs. This is in line with computational studies, which show only a small decrease in π-overlap for large acene twist. Overall, modifying the length of the tether in diagonally tethered acenes allows chemists to control core twist and to induce chirality. Twisting affects key optical, electronic, and chiroptical properties of acenes. Consequently, controlling the twist angle can improve the future design of nanocarbons with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Bedi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Fu H, Zhao X, Lu W, Tian H, Xu S, Li Y. Nanoparticle induced limitless spiral of polyacetylene isomers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:365602. [PMID: 31100743 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Helical nanomaterials represent an emerging group of nanostructures because of their multiple functionalities enabled by unique spiral geometry and nanoscale dimensions. This study demonstrates that several trans-transoid polyacetylene (Tt-PA) chains can self-spiral limitlessly over the whole length of polymers to form regular multiple helices under the inducement of water cluster, fullerene ball and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Multi-helices possess random chirality selection which have equal probability of left-handedness and right-handedness. Energy components, geometric parameters and differences of helices induced by different NPs are analyzed to deeply probe the possible mechanism and the nature of the limitless spiral of the PA polymer. Furthermore, the helical self-assembly of cis-formed cis-transoid (Ct-PA) and trans-cisoid (Tc-PA) isomers is further studied. The spiral ability of Ct-PA is much higher, but Tc-PA is much lower than that of Tt-PA. Remarkably, Tc-PAs are always form five-helix at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Fu
- School of Mechanical & Vehicle Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, People's Republic of China
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Xu L, Yang L, Guo Z, Liu N, Zhu YY, Li Z, Wu ZQ. Helix-Sense-Specific and Enantiomer-Specific Living Polymerizations of Phenyl Isocyanides Using Chiral Palladium(II) Catalysts. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zongxia Guo
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
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Varni AJ, Fortney A, Baker MA, Worch JC, Qiu Y, Yaron D, Bernhard S, Noonan KJT, Kowalewski T. Photostable Helical Polyfurans. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8858-8867. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Varni
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Andria Fortney
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Matthew A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Joshua C. Worch
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - David Yaron
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2617, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Otaki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Goto
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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50
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Pop F, Zigon N, Avarvari N. Main-Group-Based Electro- and Photoactive Chiral Materials. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8435-8478. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Pop
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou,
UMR 6200 CNRS-Université d’Angers, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Zigon
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou,
UMR 6200 CNRS-Université d’Angers, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou,
UMR 6200 CNRS-Université d’Angers, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
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