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Seidita A, Cusimano A, Giuliano A, Meli M, Carroccio A, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L. Oxidative Stress as a Target for Non-Pharmacological Intervention in MAFLD: Could There Be a Role for EVOO? Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:731. [PMID: 38929170 PMCID: PMC11201095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in most chronic liver diseases and, in particular, in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the new definition of an old condition known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms leading to hepatocellular fat accumulation in genetically predisposed individuals who adopt a sedentary lifestyle and consume an obesogenic diet progress through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, which amplifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and influence the release of chronic inflammation and liver damage biomarkers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This close pathogenetic link has been a key stimulus in the search for therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress to treat steatosis, and a number of clinical trials have been conducted to date on subjects with NAFLD using drugs as well as supplements or nutraceutical products. Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Silybin are the most studied substances, but several non-pharmacological approaches have also been explored, especially lifestyle and diet modifications. Among the dietary approaches, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) seems to be the most reliable for affecting liver steatosis, probably with the added value of the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations of phenols (oleocanthal) and phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (Tyr). In this review, we focus on non-pharmacological interventions in MAFLD treatment that target oxidative stress and, in particular, on the role of EVOO as one of the main antioxidant components of the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Giuliano
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Meli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, “V. Cervello” Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti “Villa Sofia-Cervello”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Kargari M, Sharafi M, Torshizi MAK, Hezavehei M, Zanganeh Z. Effects of hydroxytyrosol on post-thaw quality of rooster sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14588. [PMID: 38822558 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is one of the most important reproduction techniques in the livestock and poultry industry. Cryopreservation induces cold stress, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress causing structural and biochemical damages in sperm. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the hydroxytyrosol (HT), as an antioxidant, at the concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL on post-thaw semen quality metrics in rooster. Semen samples were collected twice a week from 10 roosters (29 weeks), processed and frozen according to experimental groups. Different quality parameters, including total motility, progressive motility, viability, morphology, membrane integrity, and malondialdehyde were measured after thawing. Results showed that 25 and 50 μg/mL of HT produced the highest percentage of total motility (51.01 ± 2.19 and 50.15 ± 2.19, respectively) and progressive motility (35.74 ± 1.34 and 35.15 ± 1.34, respectively), membrane integrity (48.00 ± 2.18 and 46.75 ± 2.18, respectively) as well as viability (53.00 ± 2.17 and 52.50 ± 2.17, respectively) compared with the other groups (p < .05). The group with 25 μg/mL of HT showed the lowest significant (p < .05) MDA concentration (1.81 ± 0.25). Our results showed that the effect of HT was not dose-dependent and optimum concentration of HT could improve functional parameters of rooster sperm after freezing-thawing. These findings suggest that HT may have protective effects on the rooster sperm during the freezing-thawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kargari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Zanganeh
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Wen X, Wan F, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism in a Piglet Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5590. [PMID: 38891778 PMCID: PMC11171822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Infants and young animals often suffer from intestinal damage caused by oxidative stress, which may adversely affect their overall health. Hydroxytyrosol, a plant polyphenol, has shown potential in decreasing intestinal oxidative stress, but its application and mechanism of action in infants and young animals are still inadequately documented. This study selected piglets as a model to investigate the alleviating effects of hydroxytyrosol on intestinal oxidative stress induced by diquat and its potential mechanism. Hydroxytyrosol improved intestinal morphology, characterized by higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth. Meanwhile, hydroxytyrosol led to higher expression of Occludin, MUC2, Nrf2, and its downstream genes, and lower expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Both oxidative stress and hydroxytyrosol resulted in a higher abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and a lower abundance of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, without a significant effect on short-chain fatty acids levels. Oxidative stress also led to disorders in bile acid (BA) metabolism, such as the lower levels of primary BAs, hyocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which were partially restored by hydroxytyrosol. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between these BA levels and the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. Collectively, hydroxytyrosol may reduce oxidative stress-induced intestinal damage by regulating BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (F.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (F.W.); (H.Z.)
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Sánchez-Arévalo CM, Aldegheri F, Vincent-Vela MC, Álvarez-Blanco S. Integrated Membrane Process in Organic Media: Combining Organic Solvent Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis to Purify and Concentrate the Phenolic Compounds from Wet Olive Pomace. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5233. [PMID: 38791271 PMCID: PMC11121570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from a hydroalcoholic extract of wet olive pomace were purified and concentrated by an integrated membrane process in organic media. First, UF010104 (Solsep BV) and UP005 (Microdyn Nadir) membranes were tested to be implemented in the ultrafiltration stage, with the aim of purifying the extract and obtaining a permeate enriched in phenolic compounds. Despite the high flux observed with the UF010104 membrane (20.4 ± 0.7 L·h-1·m-2, at 2 bar), the UP005 membrane was selected because of a more suitable selectivity. Even though some secoiridoids were rejected, the permeate stream obtained with this membrane contained high concentrations of valuable simple phenols and phenolic acids, whereas sugars and macromolecules were retained. Then, the ultrafiltration permeate was subjected to a nanofiltration step employing an NF270 membrane (DuPont) for a further purification and fractionation of the phenolic compounds. The permeate flux was 50.2 ± 0.2 L·h-1·m-2, working at 15 bar. Hydroxytyrosol and some phenolic acids (such as vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid) were recovered in the permeate, which was later concentrated by reverse osmosis employing an NF90 membrane. The permeate flux obtained with this membrane was 15.3 ± 0.3 L·h-1·m-2. The concentrated phenolic mixture that was obtained may have important applications as a powerful antioxidant and for the prevention of diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Sánchez-Arévalo
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.S.-A.); (F.A.); (M.C.V.-V.)
| | - Fausto Aldegheri
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.S.-A.); (F.A.); (M.C.V.-V.)
| | - M. Cinta Vincent-Vela
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.S.-A.); (F.A.); (M.C.V.-V.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Blanco
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.S.-A.); (F.A.); (M.C.V.-V.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Marrero AD, Quesada AR, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ. Anti-Cancer, Anti-Angiogenic, and Anti-Atherogenic Potential of Key Phenolic Compounds from Virgin Olive Oil. Nutrients 2024; 16:1283. [PMID: 38732529 PMCID: PMC11085358 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet, renowned for its health benefits, especially in reducing cardiovascular risks and protecting against diseases like diabetes and cancer, emphasizes virgin olive oil as a key contributor to these advantages. Despite being a minor fraction, the phenolic compounds in olive oil significantly contribute to its bioactive effects. This review examines the bioactive properties of hydroxytyrosol and related molecules, including naturally occurring compounds (-)-oleocanthal and (-)-oleacein, as well as semisynthetic derivatives like hydroxytyrosyl esters and alkyl ethers. (-)-Oleocanthal and (-)-oleacein show promising anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, which are particularly underexplored in the case of (-)-oleacein. Additionally, hydroxytyrosyl esters exhibit similar effectiveness to hydroxytyrosol, while certain alkyl ethers surpass their precursor's properties. Remarkably, the emerging research field of the effects of phenolic molecules related to virgin olive oil on cell autophagy presents significant opportunities for underscoring the anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties of these molecules. Furthermore, promising clinical data from studies on hydroxytyrosol, (-)-oleacein, and (-)-oleocanthal urge further investigation and support the initiation of clinical trials with semisynthetic hydroxytyrosol derivatives. This review provides valuable insights into the potential applications of olive oil-derived phenolics in preventing and managing diseases associated with cancer, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dácil Marrero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Li S, Shao H, Sun T, Guo X, Zhang X, Zeng Q, Fang S, Liu X, Wang F, Liu F, Ling P. Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of hydroxytyrosol: a potential strategy for anti-depressant development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366683. [PMID: 38495098 PMCID: PMC10940523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder with substantial societal impact. While current antidepressants offer moderate efficacy, their adverse effects and limited understanding of depression's pathophysiology hinder the development of more effective treatments. Amidst this complexity, the role of neuroinflammation, a recognized but poorly understood associate of depression, has gained increasing attention. This study investigates hydroxytyrosol (HT), an olive-derived phenolic antioxidant, for its antidepressant and anti-neuroinflammatory properties based on mitochondrial protection. Methods: In vitro studies on neuronal injury models, the protective effect of HT on mitochondrial ultrastructure from inflammatory damage was investigated in combination with high-resolution imaging of mitochondrial substructures. In animal models, depressive-like behaviors of chronic restraint stress (CRS) mice and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats were examined to investigate the alleviating effects of HT. Targeted metabolomics and RNA-Seq in CUMS rats were used to analyze the potential antidepressant pathways of HT. Results: HT protected mitochondrial ultrastructure from inflammatory damage, thus exerting neuroprotective effects in neuronal injury models. Moreover, HT reduced depressive-like behaviors in mice and rats exposed to CRS and CUMS, respectively. HT's influence in the CRS model included alleviating hippocampal neuronal damage and modulating cytokine production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Targeted metabolomics in CUMS rats revealed HT's effect on neurotransmitter levels and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. RNA-Seq data underscored HT's antidepressant mechanism through the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways, key in nerve fiber functions, myelin formation, microglial differentiation, and neural regeneration. Discussion: The findings underscore HT's potential as an anti-neuroinflammatory treatment for depression, shedding light on its antidepressant effects and its relevance in nutritional psychiatry. Further investigations are warranted to comprehensively delineate its mechanisms and optimize its clinical application in depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiguang Li
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoying Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Kourti M, Skaperda Z, Tekos F, Stathopoulos P, Koutra C, Skaltsounis AL, Kouretas D. The Bioactivity of a Hydroxytyrosol-Enriched Extract Originated after Direct Hydrolysis of Olive Leaves from Greek Cultivars. Molecules 2024; 29:299. [PMID: 38257212 PMCID: PMC10818913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, olive leaf polyphenols have been at the center of scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on human health. The most abundant polyphenol in olive leaves is oleuropein. The biological properties of oleuropein are mainly due to the hydroxytyrosol moiety, a drastic catechol group, whose biological activity has been mentioned many times in the literature. Hence, in recent years, many nutritional supplements, food products, and cosmetics enriched in hydroxytyrosol have been developed and marketed, with unexpectedly positive results. However, the concentration levels of hydroxytyrosol in olive leaves are low, as it depends on several agricultural factors. In this study, a rapid and easy methodology for the production of hydroxytyrosol-enriched extracts from olive leaves was described. The proposed method is based on the direct acidic hydrolysis of olive leaves, where the extraction procedure and the hydrolysis of oleuropein are carried out in one step. Furthermore, we tested the in vitro bioactivity of this extract using cell-free and cell-based methods, evaluating its antioxidant and DNA-protective properties. Our results showed that the hydroxytyrosol-enriched extract produced after direct hydrolysis of olive leaves exerted significant in vitro antioxidant and geno-protective activity, and potentially these extracts could have various applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kourti
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.K.); (Z.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.K.); (Z.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.K.); (Z.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (C.K.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Christina Koutra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (C.K.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (C.K.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.K.); (Z.S.); (F.T.)
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Kanner J. Food Polyphenols as Preventive Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2103. [PMID: 38136222 PMCID: PMC10740609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the initiators in foods and in the stomach of oxidized dietary lipids, proteins, and lipid-oxidation end-products (ALEs), inducing in humans the development of several chronic diseases and cancer. Epidemiological, human clinical and animal studies supported the role of dietary polyphenols and derivatives in prevention of development of such chronic diseases. There is much evidence that polyphenols/derivatives at the right timing and concentration, which is critical, acts mostly in the aerobic stomach and generally in the gastrointestinal tract as reducing agents, scavengers of free radicals, trappers of reactive carbonyls, modulators of enzyme activity, generators of beneficial gut microbiota and effectors of cellular signaling. In the blood system, at low concentration, they act as generators of electrophiles and low concentration of H2O2, acting mostly as cellular signaling, activating the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2/eNOS pathways and inhibiting the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, inducing the cells, organs and organism for eustress, adaptation and surviving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kanner
- Department of Food Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 7505101, Israel; or
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrtion, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190501, Israel
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9
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Verma A, Jakhar R, Kumar D, Kumar V, Dhillon T, Dangi M, Chhillar AK. A computational approach to discover antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes of silymarin derived from Silybum marianum by comparison with hydroxytyrosol. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11101-11121. [PMID: 36546728 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2159879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants possess therapeutic potential for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cellular damage. Hydroxytyrosol is one of the most potent antioxidants that served as control in the current study, including other synthetic antioxidants to computationally identify the antioxidant properties of Silymarin. The sequences of the receptors IκB kinase (IKK), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were retrieved from UniProtKB and homology modeling was performed using Swiss-Model server. Thereof the molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies were performed using Schrödinger's software version 11.5. From the current study, it was reported that on comparison of the binding energy of silymarin, hydroxytyrosol, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Silymarin exhibited better affinities with IKK receptor followed by Hydroxytyrosol suggesting it as the best or comparable of all other known antioxidants that could potentially suppress inflammation and other diseases. Also, Silymarin exhibited poorest binding affinity with Tfam promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby scavenging ROS. However, with Keap-1, Silymarin is ranked 4th in the list, whereas hydroxytyrosol exhibited highest binding affinity to release oxidative stress. The stability of docked complexes made us conclude that Silymarin has comparable antioxidant properties to hydroxytyrosol, better anti-inflammatory potential and mitochondrial biogenesis enhancing properties to ultimately reduce oxidative stress. Now it can be tested further for in vitro or in vivo studies as potential drug against oxidative insult.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ritu Jakhar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Dev Kumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Twinkle Dhillon
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Mehak Dangi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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10
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Chen X, Li L, Chen L, Shao W, Chen Y, Fan X, Liu Y, Tang C, Ding S, Xu X, Zhou G, Feng X. Tea polyphenols coated sodium alginate-gelatin 3D edible scaffold for cultured meat. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113267. [PMID: 37803580 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use edible scaffolds as a platform for animal stem cell expansion, thus constructing block-shaped cell culture meat. The tea polyphenols (TP)-coated 3D scaffolds were constructed of sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (Gel) with good biocompatibility and mechanical support. Initially, the physicochemical properties and mechanical properties of SA-Gel-TP scaffolds were measured, and the biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated by C2C12 cells. SEM results showed that the scaffold had a porous laminar structure with TP particles attached to the surface, while FT-IR results also demonstrated the encapsulation of TP coating on the scaffold. In addition, the porosity of all scaffolds was higher than 40% and the degradation rate during the incubation cycle was less than 40% and the S2-G1-TP0.1-3 h scaffold has excellent cell adhesion and extension. Subsequently, we inoculated rabbit skeletal muscle myoblasts (RbSkMC) on the scaffold and induced differentiation. The results showed good adhesion and extension behavior of RbSkMC on S2-G1-TP0.1-3 h scaffolds with high expression of myogenic differentiation proteins and genes, and SEM results confirmed the formation of myotubes. Additionally, the adhesion rate of cells on scaffolds with TP coating was 1.5 times higher than that on scaffolds without coating, which significantly improved the cell proliferation rate and the morphology of cells with extension on the scaffolds. Furthermore, rabbit-derived cultured meat had similar appearance and textural characteristics to fresh meat. These conclusions indicate the high potential of the scaffolds with TP coating as a platform for the production of cultured meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Linzi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wei Shao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaojing Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Changbo Tang
- Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control of EDU, College of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shijie Ding
- Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control of EDU, College of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control of EDU, College of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control of EDU, College of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xianchao Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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11
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Zou X, Zeng M, Zheng Y, Zheng A, Cui L, Cao W, Wang X, Liu J, Xu J, Feng Z. Comparative Study of Hydroxytyrosol Acetate and Hydroxytyrosol in Activating Phase II Enzymes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1834. [PMID: 37891913 PMCID: PMC10604236 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is fundamental to the maintenance of redox homeostasis within cells via the regulation of a series of phase II antioxidant enzymes. The unique olive-derived phenolic compound hydroxytyrosol (HT) is recognized as an Nrf2 activator, but knowledge of the HT derivative hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTac) on Nrf2 activation remains limited. In this study, we observed that an HT pretreatment could protect the cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and redox homeostasis of ARPE-19 cells against a t-butyl hydroperoxide challenge at 50 μM. HTac exhibited similar benefits at 10 μM, indicating a more effective antioxidative capacity compared with HT. HTac consistently and more efficiently activated the expression of Nrf2-regulated phase II enzymes than HT. PI3K/Akt was the key pathway accounting for the beneficial effects of HTac in ARPE-19 cells. A further RNA-Seq analysis revealed that in addition to the consistent upregulation of phase II enzymes, the cells presented distinct expression profiles after HTac and HT treatments. This indicated that HTac could trigger a diverse cellular response despite its similar molecular structure to HT. The evidence in this study suggests that Nrf2 activation is the major cellular activity shared by HTac and HT, and HTac is more efficient at activating the Nrf2 system. This supports its potential future employment in various disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
- Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Adi Zheng
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Li Cui
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Miao F, Geng S, Ning D. Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice by modulating the balance between M1/M2 phenotype macrophage and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB activation. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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13
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Vijakumaran U, Shanmugam J, Heng JW, Azman SS, Yazid MD, Haizum Abdullah NA, Sulaiman N. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in Endothelial Functioning: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041861. [PMID: 36838850 PMCID: PMC9966213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologists have been emphasizing and applying plant and herbal-based treatments in vascular diseases for decades now. Olives, for example, are a traditional symbol of the Mediterranean diet. Hydroxytyrosol is an olive-derived compound known for its antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. Acknowledging the merit of antioxidants in maintaining endothelial function warrants the application of hydroxytyrosol in endothelial dysfunction salvage and recovery. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an impairment of endothelial cells that adversely affects vascular homeostasis. Disturbance in endothelial functioning is a known precursor for atherosclerosis and, subsequently, coronary and peripheral artery disease. However, the effects of hydroxytyrosol on endothelial functioning were not extensively studied, limiting its value either as a nutraceutical supplement or in clinical trials. The action of hydroxytyrosol in endothelial functioning at a cellular and molecular level is gathered and summarized in this review. The favorable effects of hydroxytyrosol in the improvement of endothelial functioning from in vitro and in vivo studies were scrutinized. We conclude that hydroxytyrosol is capable to counteract oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular aging, and arterial stiffness; thus, it is beneficial to preserve endothelial function both in vitro and in vivo. Although not specifically for endothelial dysfunction, hydroxytyrosol safety and efficacy had been demonstrated via in vivo and clinical trials for cardiovascular-related studies.
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14
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The Regulatory Effect of Phytochemicals on Chronic Diseases by Targeting Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020236. [PMID: 36829795 PMCID: PMC9952802 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox balance is essential to maintain the body's normal metabolism. Once disrupted, it may lead to various chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, aging, etc. Oxidative stress can cause or aggravate a series of pathological processes. Inhibition of oxidative stress and related pathological processes can help to ameliorate these chronic diseases, which have been found to be associated with Nrf2 activation. Nrf2 activation can not only regulate the expression of a series of antioxidant genes that reduce oxidative stress and its damage, but also directly regulate genes related to the above-mentioned pathological processes to counter the corresponding changes. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has great potential for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases, and many natural phytochemicals have been reported as Nrf2 activators although the defined mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review article focuses on the possible mechanism of Nrf2 activation by natural phytochemicals in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases and the regulation of oxidative stress. Moreover, the current clinical trials of phytochemical-originated drug discovery by targeting the Nrf2-ARE pathway were also summarized; the outcomes or the relationship between phytochemicals and chronic diseases prevention are finally analyzed to propose the future research strategies and prospective.
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Wang M, Tong K, Chen Z, Wen Z. Mechanisms of 15-Epi-LXA4-Mediated HO-1 in Cytoprotection Following Inflammatory Injury. J Surg Res 2023; 281:245-255. [PMID: 36209683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a protective protein in oxidative stress response. LXA4 is an "inflammatory braking signal" that is widely studied at present. The purpose of this study was to elucidate that LXA4 can protect cells by inducing HO-1 in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) as in vitro model to explain acute lung injury after severe acute pancreatitis. METHODS This study was performed in two parts: (1) To investigate the mechanisms of lipoxin A4-induced HO-1 expression in vitro, the study subjects were divided into four groups: a control group, LXA4 group (50 ng/mL LXA4), inhibitor group (50 ng/mL LXA4 + 20 μM LY294002 or 50 ng/mL LXA4 + 2 nmol/mL Bis II), and agonist group (50 ng/mL insulin-like growth factor 1, PMA). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of p-Akt, Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), p-Nrf2, Nrf2, and Keap1, and the location of Nrf2 was detected using immunofluorescence. The activation of antioxidant responsive element induced by Nrf2 was detected using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay and (2) to investigate the cytoprotection of HO-1 induced by LXA4 in vitro, the subjects were divided into four groups: a control group, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) group (50 ng/mL), LXA4 group (50 ng/mL TNF-α + 50 ng/mL LXA4), and Zinc protoporphyrin IX group (pretreated with 0.5 μM Zinc protoporphyrin IXfor 12 h, followed by 50 ng/mL TNF-α + 50 ng/mL LXA4). BCECF/AM-labeled THP-1 cells were used to analyze the adhesion of HPMECs, and a mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit with JC-1 was used to analyze the apoptosis of HPMECs. RESULTS In part one, (1) LXA4 upregulated the expression of HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner and (2) LXA4 activated the PI3K/Akt and PKC pathways and modulated the phosphorylation and subsequent depolymerization of Nrf2 from Keap1, promoting the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus. In part two, (1) LXA4 reversed the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential to alleviate apoptosis in HPMECs and (2) LXA4 attenuated the adhesion of HPMECs induced by TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS LXA4 can activate the PI3K/Akt and PKC pathways and induce the phosphorylation of Nrf2, resulting in the upregulation of HO-1. In addition, LXA4 alleviates adhesion and protects mitochondrial function by upregulating the expression of HO-1, which exerts cytoprotection in severe acute pancreatitis-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Tong
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhengde Wen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of perioperative medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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16
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Milton-Laskibar I, Trepiana J, Macarulla MT, Gómez-Zorita S, Arellano-García L, Fernández-Quintela A, Portillo MP. Potential usefulness of Mediterranean diet polyphenols against COVID-19-induced inflammation: a review of the current knowledge. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00926-0. [PMID: 36346507 PMCID: PMC9641689 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a dietary pattern typical of the populations living in the Mediterranean basin during the 50s-60s of the last century. This diet has demonstrated beneficial effects in the prevention of several pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, or several cancer types, at least in part, due to its antioxidant compounds. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, different authors have been studying the effects of certain dietary habits on the presence of COVID-19 and its severity, and the Mediterranean diet is one of them. This review gathers data from studies supporting the potential usefulness of the main phenolic compounds present in the Mediterranean diet, based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as preventive/therapeutic agents against COVID-19. The current evidence supports the potential benefits that hydroxytyrosol, resveratrol, flavonols such as quercetin, flavanols like catechins, and flavanones on the order of naringenin could have on COVID-19. This is due to the increase in the synthesis and translocations of Nrf-2, which increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and thus reduces ROS production, the scavenging of free radicals, and the suppression of the activity of MMP-9, which is involved in the cytokine storm, and the inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Spanish National Research Council, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain ,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Teresa Macarulla
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Arellano-García
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain ,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Center, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ,BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Seidita A, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L, Di Stefano V, Citarrella R, Mirarchi L, Cusimano A, Augello G, Carroccio A, Iovanna JL, Cervello M. The clinical impact of an extra virgin olive oil enriched mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome: Lights and shadows of a nutraceutical approach. Front Nutr 2022; 9:980429. [PMID: 35990331 PMCID: PMC9386289 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.980429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
For years it has been established that the only truly effective treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) is lifestyle modification to prevent its cardiovascular (e.g., coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis), metabolic (e.g., diabetes mellitus), and hepatic (e.g., steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) complications. The focal points of this approach are to increase physical activity and intake of a diet characterized by high quantities of fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, and low-fat dairy products, the so called mediterranean diet (MD); however, the added value of MD is the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations (range 50–800 mg/kg) of phenols (oleuropein, ligstroside, and oleocanthal, and their derivatives, phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol). Phenolic compounds not only determine EVOO’s main organoleptic qualities (oxidative stability, specific flavor, and taste features) but, theoretically, make it a source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activity. Although many studies have been carried out on EVOO’s clinical effects and attention toward this dietary approach (healthy and palatable food with strong nutraceutical activity) has become increasingly pressing, there are still many dark sides to be clarified, both in terms of actual clinical efficacy and biochemical and molecular activity. Thus, we reviewed the international literature, trying to show the state of the art about EVOO’s clinical properties to treat MS (along with correlated complications) and the future prospective of its nutraceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mirarchi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy.,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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Hydroxytyrosol Alleviated Hypoxia-Mediated PC12 Cell Damage through Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8673728. [PMID: 35693707 PMCID: PMC9187455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8673728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia exerts pressure on cells and organisms, and this pressure can occur under both pathological and nonpathological conditions. There are many reports confirmed that hydroxytyrosol has good in vitro antioxidant activity, while the research about hydroxytyrosol on hypoxia-mediated cell damage is still unclear. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of hydroxytyrosol on hypoxia-mediated cell damage. Methods We studied the effects of hydroxytyrosol on the content of reactive oxygen species, the change of antioxidant enzymes activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and the content of oxidation products MDA and GSH, and the changes of cell membrane potential and effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway under hypoxia-mediated PC12 cell. Results PC12 cell treated with hydroxytyrosol abated the cell apoptosis and alleviated the oxidative stress through scavenging of reactive oxygen species, improving the enzyme activity and changing the content of oxidation products and alleviating mitochondria damage. Western blotting confirmed that the mechanism maybe related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway. The inhibition experiment confirmed that hydroxytyrosol takes part in the expression of protein PI3K and p-mTOR. Conclusion Hydroxytyrosol reduced the oxidative stress and resisted the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway caused by hypoxia, improved cell apoptosis, and ameliorated the antihypoxia ability of PC12 cells under hypoxia.
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Saiki P, Yoshihara M, Kawano Y, Miyazaki H, Miyazaki K. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Heliangin from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Leaves Might Prevent Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010091. [PMID: 35053238 PMCID: PMC8774036 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered the major cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Excessive nitric oxide production and inflammation result in dysfunctional vascular endothelial cells, which are critically involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to identify a bioactive compound from Jerusalem artichoke leaves with anti-inflammatory activity that might prevent atherosclerosis. We isolated bioactive heliangin that inhibited NO production in LPS-induced macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Heliangin suppressed ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MCP-1 expression, as well as NF-κB and IκBα phosphorylation, in vascular endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. These results suggested that heliangin suppresses inflammation by inhibiting excessive NO production in macrophages and the expression of the factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis via the NF-κB signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, heliangin in Jerusalem artichoke leaves could function in the prevention of atherosclerosis that is associated with heart attacks and strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papawee Saiki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-861-4304
| | - Mizuki Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kawano
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Koyomi Miyazaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.M.)
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Li D, Zhang W, Tian X, He Y, Xiao Z, Zhao X, Fan L, Du R, Yang G, Yu T. Hydroxytyrosol effectively improves the quality of pig sperm at 17 °C. Theriogenology 2022; 177:172-182. [PMID: 34715542 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is a proven breeding technology which has been widely used in pig reproduction. Low temperature can cause very serious damage to pig sperm below 15 °C and the situation is even more serious at lower temperature. Besides, the preservation of pig sperm is mainly carried out at 17 °C because of its outstanding performance in pig reproduction. However, the accumulation of a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the preservation process is the main reason for the deterioration of sperm quality. In our research, by adding different concentrations of hydroxytyrosol to the diluent during the storage of pig sperm at 17 °C, we compared them with the traditional diluent to study the sperm motility, the cumulative amount of ROS, the extent of sperm membrane damage, the sperm acrosome integrity, the sperm DNA damage and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, T-AOC, SOD, GSH-PX, MDA) to evaluate the effect of hydroxytyrosol on the sperm quality during storage. We used proteomics sequencing technology to monitor difference in sperm protein between the control samples and the addition of 120 μmol/L hydroxytyrosol samples (optimum concentration) after three days storage. Ultimately, we selected the control samples and the addition of 120 μmol/L hydroxytyrosol samples to test the effect of AI. The results of our research showed that during storage of pig sperm at 17 °C, the sperm quality and antioxidant capacity of the hydroxytyrosol-treated samples significantly improved (HT 120 μmol/L) (P < 0.05). Proteomics sequencing analysis proved that the addition of 120 μmol/L hydroxytyrosol treatment samples had potential value in improving sperm quality. The significant increase in sow pregnancy rate and piglet birth weight proved that hydroxytyrosol had important practical value in pig reproduction. Based on our results, we demonstrated that the addition of hydroxytyrosol to the diluent could improve the quality of pig sperm and the efficiency of AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuekai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yulin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zitong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Renrang Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Taiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Gennetics, Breeding and Reproducation of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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21
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Carluccio MA, Martinelli R, Massaro M, Calabriso N, Scoditti E, Maffia M, Verri T, Gatta V, De Caterina R. Nutrigenomic Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Vascular Endothelial Cells: A Transcriptomic Profile Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113990. [PMID: 34836245 PMCID: PMC8623349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a peculiar olive and olive oil phenolic antioxidant, plays a significant role in the endothelial and cardiovascular protection associated with olive oil consumption. However, studies examining the effects of HT on the whole-genome expression of endothelial cells, which are prominent targets for vasculo-protective effects of olive oil polyphenols, have been lacking. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the genomic effects exerted by HT, at the transcriptional level, in endothelial cells under resting or proinflammatory conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 10 µmol/L HT for 1 h and then stimulated with 5 ng/mL interleukin (IL)-1β for 3 h. Total RNA was extracted, and gene expression profile assessed with microarray analysis. Functional enrichment analysis and pathway analysis were performed by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. Microarray data were validated by qRT-PCR. Fixing a significance threshold at 1.5-fold change, HT affected the expression of 708 and 599 genes, respectively, in HUVECs under resting and IL-1β-stimulated conditions; among these, 190 were common to both conditions. Unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum stress resulted from the two top canonical pathways common between HT and HT-IL-1β affected genes. IL-17F/A signaling was found in the top canonical pathways of HT modified genes under resting unstimulated conditions, whereas cardiac hypertrophy signaling was identified among the pathways affected by HT-IL-1β. The transcriptomic analysis allowed pinpointing immunological, inflammatory, proliferative, and metabolic-related pathways as the most affected by HT in endothelial cells. It also revealed previously unsuspected genes and related gene pathways affected by HT, thus broadening our knowledge of its biological properties. The unbiased identification of novel genes regulated by HT improves our understanding of mechanisms by which olive oil prevents or attenuates inflammatory diseases and identifies new genes to be enquired as potential contributors to the inter-individual variation in response to functional food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy;
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (T.V.)
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (T.V.)
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (R.D.C.)
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22
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Melguizo-Rodríguez L, de Luna-Bertos E, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Illescas-Montesa R, Costela-Ruiz VJ, García-Martínez O. Potential Effects of Phenolic Compounds That Can Be Found in Olive Oil on Wound Healing. Foods 2021; 10:1642. [PMID: 34359512 PMCID: PMC8307686 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of tissue damage produced by physical, chemical, or mechanical agents involves considerable direct and indirect costs to health care systems. Wound healing involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at repairing the defect in tissue integrity. These events can be favored by various natural agents, including the polyphenols in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The objective of this study was to review data on the potential effects of different phenolic compounds that can also be found in EVOO on wound healing and closure. Results of in vitro and animal studies demonstrate that polyphenols from different plant species, also present in EVOO, participate in different aspects of wound healing, accelerating this process through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties and their stimulation of angiogenic activities required for granulation tissue formation and wound re-epithelialization. These results indicate the potential usefulness of EVOO phenolic compounds for wound treatment, either alone or in combination with other therapies. Human studies are warranted to verify this proposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montesa
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Javier Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (E.d.L.-B.); (J.R.-T.); (R.I.-M.); (O.G.-M.)
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4 planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Abate M, Citro M, Pisanti S, Caputo M, Martinelli R. Keratinocytes Migration Promotion, Proliferation Induction, and Free Radical Injury Prevention by 3-Hydroxytirosol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052438. [PMID: 33670966 PMCID: PMC7957601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the main phenolic compound found in olive oil with known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties in several dermatological conditions, both when taken in the form of olive oil or pure in cosmeceutical formulations. To date, its direct effect on the wound healing process and the molecular mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to explore its effects in vitro in epidermal keratinocyte cultures focusing on the molecular mechanism implied. HT was able to induce keratinocyte proliferation in the low micromolar range, increasing the expression of cyclin dependent kinases fundamental for cell cycle progression such as CDK2 and CDK6. Furthermore, it increased cell migration through the activation of tissue remodeling factors such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein. Then, we evaluated whether HT also showed antioxidant activity at this concentration range, protecting from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. The HT prevented the activation of ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM), Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), Checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), and p53, reducing the number of apoptotic cells. Our study highlighted novel pharmacological properties of HT, providing the first evidence of its capability to induce keratinocyte migration and proliferation required for healing processes and re-epithelialization.
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Hahn D, Shin SH, Bae JS. Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds in Foodstuff or Medicinal Herbs Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1191. [PMID: 33260980 PMCID: PMC7761319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes heme group degradation. Decreased level of HO-1 is correlated with disease progression, and HO-1 induction suppresses development of metabolic and neurological disorders. Natural compounds with antioxidant activities have emerged as a rich source of HO-1 inducers with marginal toxicity. Here we discuss the therapeutic role of HO-1 in obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease and hepatic fibrosis, and present important signaling pathway components that lead to HO-1 expression. We provide an updated, comprehensive list of natural HO-1 inducers in foodstuff and medicinal herbs categorized by their chemical structures. Based on the continued research in HO-1 signaling pathways and rapid development of their natural inducers, HO-1 may serve as a preventive and therapeutic target for metabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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25
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Molecular Action of Hydroxytyrosol in Wound Healing: An In Vitro Evidence-Based Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101397. [PMID: 33008084 PMCID: PMC7600962 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an essential molecule isolated from the phenolic fraction of olive (Olea europaea). HT has been implicated for its health-stimulating effect mainly due to its antioxidative capacity. The current review summarises and discusses the available evidence, related to HT activities in wound healing enhancement. The literature search of related articles published within the year 2010 to 2020 was conducted using Medline via Ebscohost, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Studies were limited to in vitro research regarding the role of HT in wound closure, including anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antioxidative, and its direct effect to the cells involved in wound healing. The literature search revealed 7136 potentially relevant records were obtained from the database search. Through the screening process, 13 relevant in vitro studies investigating the role of HT in wound repair were included. The included studies reported a proangiogenic, antioxidative, antiaging, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of HT. The current in vitro evidence-based review highlights the cellular and molecular action of HT in influencing positive outcomes toward wound healing. Based on this evidence, HT is a highly recommended bioactive compound to be used as a pharmaceutical product for wound care applications.
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Luo M, Tian R, Lu N. Quercetin Inhibited Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice: Critical Roles for NADPH Oxidase and Heme Oxygenase-1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10875-10883. [PMID: 32880455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide (O2·-) production and oxidative stress play important roles in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Herein, we investigated the potential effects of dietary quercetin, a flavonoid derived in the diet from vegetables and fruit, on vascular endothelial function and atherosclerosis in the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Dietary quercetin treatment significantly suppressed endothelial dysfunction and aortic atherosclerosis in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05, all cases). Mechanistic studies demonstrated that dietary quercetin significantly attenuated p47phox expression and inhibited NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress in the aortas of HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice, while the expression and activity of antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was enhanced after quercetin treatment (P < 0.05, all cases). In vitro, it was found that quercetin significantly attenuated NADPH oxidase-derived O2·- formation (75 ± 5.6% for quercetin versus 100 ± 6.0% for the control group, P < 0.01) in endothelial cells through induction of HO-1. In addition, the favorable effects of quercetin on oxidant (i.e., H2O2)-induced endothelial dysfunction could be eliminated by tin protoporphyrin IX (an HO-1 inhibitor) or HO-1-specific siRNA. Our results demonstrated the critical roles of NADPH oxidase and HO-1 for the indirect antioxidant properties of quercetin in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Jiangxi Normal University, No. 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Jiangxi Normal University, No. 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Naihao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Jiangxi Normal University, No. 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The beneficial effects of a Mediterranean diet on human health and, in particular, on lowering risk of cardiovascular disease, has been mainly attributed to its high content to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). While its main fatty acid, oleic acid, is considered important to these effects, EVOO has other biological properties that depend on, or are potentiated by other minor components of this oil. Initially, the mechanisms considered as possible causes of this cardioprotective effect of EVOO were based on the incidence on the so-called traditional risk factors (especially lipids and blood pressure). However, the high relative reduction in the prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were not proportional to the limited findings about regulation of those traditional risk factors. In addition to several studies confirming the above effects, current research on beneficial effect of EVOO, and in particular in conjunction with Mediterranean style diets, is being focused on defining its effects on newer cardiovascular risk factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis, endothelial function or lipids or on the modulation of the conditions which predispose people to cardiovascular events, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the current review, we will mainly focus on reviewing the current evidence about the effects that EVOO exerts on alternative factors, including postprandial lipemia or coagulation, among others, discussing the underlying mechanism by which it exerts its effect, as well as providing a short review on future directions.
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Polyphenols by Generating H 2O 2, Affect Cell Redox Signaling, Inhibit PTPs and Activate Nrf2 Axis for Adaptation and Cell Surviving: In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090797. [PMID: 32867057 PMCID: PMC7555200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human health benefits from different polyphenols molecules consumption in the diet, derived mainly by their common activities in the gastrointestinal tract and at the level of blood micro-capillary. In the stomach, intestine and colon, polyphenols act as reducing agents preventing lipid peroxidation, generation and absorption of AGEs/ALEs (advanced glycation end products/advanced lipid oxidation end products) and postprandial oxidative stress. The low absorption of polyphenols in blood does not support their activity as antioxidants and their mechanism of activity is not fully understood. The results are from in vitro, animal and human studies, detected by relevant oxidative stress markers. The review carries evidences that polyphenols, by generating H2O2 at nM concentration, exogenous to cells and organs, act as activators of signaling factors increasing cell Eustress. When polyphenols attain high concentration in the blood system, they generate H2O2 at µM concentration, acting as cytotoxic agents and Distress. Pre-treatment of cells or organisms with polyphenols, by generating H2O2 at low levels, inhibits cellular PTPs (protein tyrosine phosphatases), inducing cell signaling through transcription of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) axis of adaptation and protection to oxidation stress. Polyphenols ingestion at the right amount and time during the meal acts synergistically at the level of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and blood system, for keeping the redox homeostasis in our organism and better balancing human health.
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29
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Romani A, Campo M, Urciuoli S, Marrone G, Noce A, Bernini R. An Industrial and Sustainable Platform for the Production of Bioactive Micronized Powders and Extracts Enriched in Polyphenols From Olea europaea L. and Vitis vinifera L. Wastes. Front Nutr 2020; 7:120. [PMID: 32974376 PMCID: PMC7473407 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, literature data have reported that health status is related to the consumption of foods rich in polyphenols, bioactive compounds found in the plant world, in particular in vegetables and fruit. These pieces of scientific evidence have led to an increase in the demand for functional foods and drinks enriched in polyphenols, so that plant materials are more and more requested. The availability of food and agricultural wastes has adverse effects on the economy, environment, and human health. On the other hand, these materials are a precious source of bioactive compounds as polyphenols. Their recovery and reuse from wastes are according to the circular economy strategy, which has introduced the “zero waste concept.” However, the process is convenient from an economic and environmental point of view only if the final products are standardized and obtained using sustainable and industrial technologies. In this panorama, this paper describes an industrial and sustainable platform for the production of micronized powders and extracts enriched in polyphenols from Olea europaea L. and Vitis vinifera L. wastes that are useful for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals sectors. The platform is based on drying plant materials, extraction of polyphenols through membrane technologies with water, and, when necessary, the concentration of the final fractions under vacuum evaporation. All powders and extracts were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–mass spectrometry analysis to define the qualitative and quantitative content of bioactive compounds and insure their standardization and reproducibility. The chromatographic profiles evidenced the presence of secoiridoids, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, catechins, and condensed tannins. An overview of the biological activities of the main polyphenols present in Olea europaea L. and Vitis vinifera L. powders and extracts is reported because of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Margherita Campo
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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30
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Wide Biological Role of Hydroxytyrosol: Possible Therapeutic and Preventive Properties in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091932. [PMID: 32825589 PMCID: PMC7565717 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are due to the scavenging of radicals and the stimulation of synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, HO-1, NOS, COX-2, GSH), which also limit the lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Lowered inflammation and oxidative stress and an improved lipid profile were also demonstrated in healthy subjects as well as in metabolic syndrome patients after hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation. These results might open a new therapeutic scenario through personalized supplementation of HT in CVDs. This review is the first attempt to collect together scientific literature on HT in both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in human clinical studies, describing its potential biological effects for cardiovascular health.
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31
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Li P, Xiao Z, Sun J, Oyang X, Xie X, Li Z, Tian X, Li J. Metabolic regulations in lettuce root under combined exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in hydroponic media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138382. [PMID: 32481221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected in many agricultural products in contaminated fields and in supply chains. Roots are the main organ in plants to uptake and bio-accumulate PFASs, but the changes of metabolic regulation in roots by PFASs are largely unexplored. Here, lettuce exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at different concentrations (500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 ng/L) was investigated via metabolomics. Many key metabolites, such as antioxidants, lipids, amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, linolenic acid derivatives, purine and nucleosides, were significantly altered. Tyrosine metabolism, purine metabolism, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were altered in roots by PFOA and PFOS. Tricarboxylic acid cycle was perturbed by 5000 ng/L exposure. Activation of antioxidant defense pathways, reallocation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, regulation of energy metabolism and purine metabolism were reprogrammed in roots. Lettuce employed multiple strategies to increase tolerance to PFOA and PFOS, which includes the adjustment of membrane composition, elevation of inorganic nitrogen fixation and respiration, accumulation of sucrose and regulation of signaling molecules. The results of this study offer insights into the molecular reprogramming of plant roots in response to PFAS exposure and provide important information for the risk assessment of PFASs in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessments for Agro-products on Environmental Factors (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100029, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessments for Agro-products on Environmental Factors (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100029, China; Beijing Municipal Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029, China
| | - Jiang Sun
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessments for Agro-products on Environmental Factors (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100029, China; Beijing Municipal Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029, China
| | - Xihui Oyang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessments for Agro-products on Environmental Factors (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100029, China; Beijing Municipal Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029, China
| | - Xiaocan Xie
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiujun Tian
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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Abate M, Pisanti S, Caputo M, Citro M, Vecchione C, Martinelli R. 3-Hydroxytyrosol Promotes Angiogenesis In Vitro by Stimulating Endothelial Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3657. [PMID: 32455901 PMCID: PMC7279499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, followed by strokes, represent the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite its success in preventing cardiovascular diseases, the therapeutic potential of 3-Hydroxytyrosol (HT) for treating ischemic diseases is yet to be investigated in detail, especially with regard to ischemic heart disease, which is a major challenge for humans. We assessed that low concentrations (1-5 µM) of HT, generally achieved after the ingestion of olive oil, stimulate endothelial cells migration and angiogenesis in an in vitro model. At early time points (1-6 h), HT induces the expression of different proteins such as proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src), rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein influencing cell adhesion, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration. We observed that at the same time, HT induces prominent vascular formation in the tube formation assay, accompanied by an increase in the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R2) and PI3K-Akt-eNOS protein pathways, which are recognized for their central role in angiogenesis. Therefore, in addition to the proven capability of HT to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, through both direct scavenging properties and indirect antioxidant efficacy, our results revealed that HT promotes angiogenesis, arguing in favor of great pharma-nutritional potential in ischemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Mariella Caputo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Marianna Citro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (C.V.)
- Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (M.C.); (C.V.)
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Visioli F, Davalos A, López de las Hazas M, Crespo MC, Tomé‐Carneiro J. An overview of the pharmacology of olive oil and its active ingredients. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1316-1330. [PMID: 31270815 PMCID: PMC7056466 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing sensory stimuli, usually taste, smell and sight, olive oil contains a range of minor components, mostly phenolic in nature. These components are endowed with pharmacological or pharma‐nutritional properties that are the subject of active research worldwide. Based on our more than 25 years of experience in this field, we critically focus on what we believe are the most pharmacologically prominent actions of the constituents of olive oil. Most of the effects are due to the phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil, such as hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal (which are often mis‐categorized as in vivo antioxidants) and concern the cardiovascular system. Other potentially beneficial activities are still to be investigated in depth. We conclude that—in the context of a proper diet that includes high‐quality products—the use of high‐quality olive oil contributes to achieving and sustaining overall health.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alberto Davalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María‐Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - Joao Tomé‐Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
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Bertelli M, Kiani AK, Paolacci S, Manara E, Kurti D, Dhuli K, Bushati V, Miertus J, Pangallo D, Baglivo M, Beccari T, Michelini S. Hydroxytyrosol: A natural compound with promising pharmacological activities. J Biotechnol 2019; 309:29-33. [PMID: 31884046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant properties in vitro. It is a natural compound that can be found in olive leaves and oil. The main dietary source of hydroxytyrosol is extra virgin olive oil. Due to its bioavailability, chemical properties and easy formulation along with its lack of toxicity, hydroxytyrosol is considered an excellent food supplement by the nutraceutical and food industries. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential therapeutic effects of hydroxytyrosol in vivo. To do so, we conducted an electronic search in PubMed and other literature databases using "hydroxytyrosol", "beneficial effect/s", "pharmacology" as key-words. From this search, we found that hydroxytyrosol has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Hydroxytyrosol also improves endothelial dysfunction, decreases oxidative stress, and is neuro- and cardio-protective. Due to all these biological properties, hydroxytyrosol is currently the most actively investigated natural phenol. The evidence presented in this review suggests that hydroxytyrosol has great pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bertelli
- EBTNA-Lab, Via Delle Maioliche, 57/G, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy; MAGI's Lab, Via Delle Maioliche, 57/D, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy; MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Aysha Karim Kiani
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Sector H-8, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- MAGI's Lab, Via Delle Maioliche, 57/D, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy.
| | - Elena Manara
- MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Danjela Kurti
- MAGI Balkans, Rruga Andon Zako Cajupi, 1019, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Kristjana Dhuli
- MAGI Balkans, Rruga Andon Zako Cajupi, 1019, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Vilma Bushati
- MAGI Balkans, Rruga Andon Zako Cajupi, 1019, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Jan Miertus
- Genius n.o., Mestská poliklinika Starohájska 2, 91701, Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Domenico Pangallo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, Bratislava, 84551, Slovakia.
| | - Mirko Baglivo
- MAGI Euregio, Via Maso della Pieve, 60/A, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Ariodante Fabretti, 48, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sandro Michelini
- Department of Vascular Rehabilitation, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Via Luigi Ercole Morselli, 13, 00148, Rome, Italy.
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The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112833. [PMID: 31752333 PMCID: PMC6893438 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism.
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36
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Quercetin, but not rutin, attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage via heme oxygenase-1 induction in endothelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Nutrients in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9874159. [PMID: 31565158 PMCID: PMC6746160 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9874159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disease caused by the complex interaction of multiple mechanisms, some of which are still not fully understood. To date, pharmacological treatments and supplementation of individual nutrients have been poorly effective in terms of the prevention and treatment of AD, while alternative strategies based on multimodal approaches (diet, exercise, and cognitive training) seem to be more promising. In this context, the focus on dietary patterns rather than on single food components could be more useful in preventing or counteracting the pathological processes typical of AD, thanks to the potential synergistic effects of various nutrients (neuronutrients). The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the currently existing preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, which are three dietary patterns with well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, they have been related to brain protection and AD prevention, perhaps thanks to their high content of neuroprotective bioactive compounds. Similarly, intermittent fasting (IF) or calorie restriction (CR) is emerging as interesting approaches that seem to promote hippocampal neurogenesis, activate adaptive stress response systems, and enhance neuronal plasticity, thus leading to motor and cognitive improvements in animal models of AD and hopefully also in human beings.
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Kokubu D, Ooba R, Abe Y, Ishizaki H, Yoshida S, Asano A, Kashiwabara SI, Miyazaki H. Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) powder and its functional compound xanthoangelol prevent heat stress-induced impairment in sperm density and quality in mouse testes. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:139-146. [PMID: 30686791 PMCID: PMC6473112 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, gradual decline in human sperm production has become a serious worldwide concern because it leads to increased rates of infertility. Endocrine disrupters, lifestyle changes, and
varicocele, all of which elevate testicular temperature, are thought to be the main causes of this decline. The present study aimed to determine whether the dietary phytochemicals
Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) powder (57.5 mg/kg) and its functional component, xanthoangelol (3 mg/kg), can prevent heat stress-induced impairment in sperm density and
quality in mice. Sperm parameters were analyzed 28 days after mice exposure to heat. Supplementation with Ashitaba powder completely prevented heat-induced impairment in sperm parameters,
including densities of motile sperms and progressive sperms (> 25 μm/sec), and amplitude of lateral head displacement. Xanthoangelol did not exert a complete protective effect;
nevertheless, it significantly prevented heat stress-induced reduction in most parameters. Both Ashitaba powder and xanthoangelol elevated the expression of the widely expressed heat shock
proteins (HSPs) Hspa1a and Hsp40 and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione synthase in non-stressed testes. Ashitaba powder significantly
prevented heat stress-induced reduction in the expression of Hspa1l and Hspa2, which are highly expressed in the testes and critical for fertility. Our
results showed that Ashitaba powder and xanthoangelol protected testicular cells from heat stress, probably by elevating the levels of antioxidant enzymes and HSPs. Supplementation with
dietary functional phytochemicals may help prevent heat stress-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kokubu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Ooba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hana Ishizaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yoshida
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Attenuation of High-Fat Diet-Induced Rat Liver Oxidative Stress and Steatosis by Combined Hydroxytyrosol- (HT-) Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation Mainly Relies on HT. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5109503. [PMID: 30057681 PMCID: PMC6051008 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not approved at the present time. For this purpose, the effect of combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 50 mg/kg/day) modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and hydroxytyrosol (HT; 5 mg/kg/day) exerting antioxidant actions was evaluated on hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) compared to a control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, and 70% carbohydrates) in mice fed for 12 weeks. HFD-induced liver steatosis (i) was reduced by 32% by EPA, without changes in oxidative stress-related parameters and mild recovery of Nrf2 functioning affording antioxidation and (ii) was decreased by 42% by HT, concomitantly with total regain of the glutathione status diminished by HFD, 42% to 59% recovery of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation enhanced by HFD, and regain of Nrf2 functioning, whereas (iii) combined EPA + HT supplementation elicited 74% reduction in liver steatosis, with total recovery of the antioxidant potential in a similar manner than HT. It is concluded that combined HT + EPA drastically decreases NAFLD development, an effect that shows additivity in HT and EPA effects that mainly relies on HT, strengthening the impact of oxidative stress as a central mechanism underlying liver steatosis in obesity.
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Goldsmith CD, Bond DR, Jankowski H, Weidenhofer J, Stathopoulos CE, Roach PD, Scarlett CJ. The Olive Biophenols Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol Selectively Reduce Proliferation, Influence the Cell Cycle, and Induce Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071937. [PMID: 30004416 PMCID: PMC6073890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current chemotherapy drugs for pancreatic cancer only offer an increase in survival of up to six months. Additionally, they are highly toxic to normal tissues, drastically affecting the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the search for novel agents, which induce apoptosis in cancer cells while displaying limited toxicity towards normal cells, is paramount. The olive biophenols, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, have displayed cytotoxicity towards cancer cells without affecting non-tumorigenic cells in cancers of the breast and prostate. However, their activity in pancreatic cancer has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the anti-pancreatic cancer potential of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Pancreatic cancer cells (MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1) and non-tumorigenic pancreas cells (HPDE) were treated with oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol to determine their effect on cell viability. Oleuropein displayed selective toxicity towards MIA PaCa-2 cells and hydroxytyrosol towards MIA PaCa-2 and HPDE cells. Subsequent analysis of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase 3/7 activation determined that oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol induced apoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 cells, while oleuropein displayed a protective effect on HPDE cells. Gene expression analysis revealed putative mechanisms of action, which suggested that c-Jun and c-Fos are involved in oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol induced apoptosis of MIA PaCa-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe D Goldsmith
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
| | - Danielle R Bond
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights 2305, NSW, Australia.
| | - Helen Jankowski
- Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights 2305, NSW, Australia.
| | - Judith Weidenhofer
- Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights 2305, NSW, Australia.
| | - Costas E Stathopoulos
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay, Dundee, Scotland DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Paul D Roach
- Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights 2305, NSW, Australia.
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41
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Wani TA, Masoodi F, Gani A, Baba WN, Rahmanian N, Akhter R, Wani IA, Ahmad M. Olive oil and its principal bioactive compound: Hydroxytyrosol – A review of the recent literature. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Conde C, Escribano BM, Luque E, Aguilar-Luque M, Feijóo M, Ochoa JJ, LaTorre M, Giraldo AI, Lillo R, Agüera E, Santamaría A, Túnez I. The protective effect of extra-virgin olive oil in the experimental model of multiple sclerosis in the rat. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:37-48. [PMID: 29730972 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1469281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study has evaluated the effect of EVOO (Extra-Virgin olive oil), OA (oleic acid) and HT (hydroxytyrosol) in an induced model of MS through experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Dark Agouti 2-month old rats (25 males) were divided into five groups: (i) control group, (ii) EAE group, (iii) EAE+EVOO, (iv) EAE+HT, and (v) EAE+OA. At 65 days, the animals were sacrificed and the glutathione redox system and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein (LBP) products of the microbiota in brain, spinal cord, and blood were evaluated.Gastric administration of EVOO, OA, and HT reduced the degree of lipid and protein oxidation, and increased glutathione peroxidase, making it a diet-based mechanism for enhancing protection against oxidative damage. In addition, it reduced the levels of LPS and LBP, which appeared as being increased in the EAE correlated with the oxidative stress produced by the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Conde
- Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - B M Escribano
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - E Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Aguilar-Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Feijóo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - J J Ochoa
- Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - A I Giraldo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - R Lillo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Socio-sanitary Sciences and Radiology and Physical Medicine, Psychiatry Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - E Agüera
- Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Santamaría
- Neurology and Neurosurgery National Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I Túnez
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Spain.,Cooperative Research Thematic Network on Aging and Frailty (RETICEF)
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43
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Hydroxytyrosol Ameliorates Endothelial Function under Inflammatory Conditions by Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9086947. [PMID: 29849923 PMCID: PMC5932486 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9086947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamental organelles producing energy and reactive oxygen species (ROS); their impaired functions play a key role in endothelial dysfunction. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a well-known olive oil antioxidant, exerts health benefits against vascular diseases by improving endothelial function. However, the HT role in mitochondrial oxidative stress in endothelial dysfunction is not clear yet. To investigate the HT effects on mitochondrial ROS production in the inflamed endothelium, we used an in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction represented by cultured endothelial cells, challenged with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an inflammatory, prooxidant, and proangiogenic agent. We found that the pretreatment of endothelial cells with HT (1–30 μmol/L) suppressed inflammatory angiogenesis, a crucial aspect of endothelial dysfunction. The HT inhibitory effect is related to reduced mitochondrial superoxide production and lipid peroxidation and to increased superoxide dismutase activity. HT, in a concentration-dependent manner, improved endothelial mitochondrial function by reverting the PMA-induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP synthesis, and ATP5β expression. In PMA-challenged endothelial cells, HT also promoted mitochondrial biogenesis through increased mitochondrial DNA content and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, nuclear respiratory factor-1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A. These results highlight that HT blunts endothelial dysfunction and pathological angiogenesis by ameliorating mitochondrial function, thus suggesting HT as a potential mitochondria-targeting antioxidant in the inflamed endothelium.
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Peyrol J, Meyer G, Obert P, Dangles O, Pechère L, Amiot MJ, Riva C. Involvement of bilitranslocase and beta-glucuronidase in the vascular protection by hydroxytyrosol and its glucuronide metabolites in oxidative stress conditions. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 51:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Capo CR, Pedersen JZ, Falconi M, Rossi L. Oleuropein shows copper complexing properties and noxious effect on cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells depending on cell copper content. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:225-232. [PMID: 28965580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The secoiridoid oleuropein is a non-flavonoid polyphenol, found in the fruit, leaves and food derivatives from Olea europea. Like other polyphenols it shows a very low toxicity towards healthy tissues and a protective action against cancer or neurodegeneration, but its mechanism of action is not yet understood. In the present report we have used optical and ESR spectroscopy as well as molecular modelling to demonstrate that oleuropein forms a complex with the transition metal copper; the dysmetabolism of this metal is suspected to be involved in both cancer and neurodegeneration. Experiments carried out with the aglycon derivative of oleuropein, produced by β-glycosidase treatment of oleuropein glycoside, showed that also the aglycon forms copper-complexes, but with different spectroscopic features than the glycosidic form. Molecular modelling analysis confirmed that two oleuropein molecules (glycosidic or aglycon forms) can easily coordinate one copper ion. The relationship between oleuropein and copper was investigated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. When cells were depleted of copper by treatment with the copper chelator triethylenetetramine (Trien), that binds copper with higher affinity than oleuropein, oleuropein was less toxic than to copper-adequate cells. Conversely, incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with exogenous copper sulphate increased cell susceptibility to oleuropein. Furthermore SH-SY5Y cells differentiated by retinoic acid pre-treatment showed a lower level of copper, and were more resistant to oleuropein treatment. The oleuropein aglycon was not toxic towards SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, the copper-oleuropein complex may be involved in the toxicity of oleuropein towards tumour cells, depending on their copper level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta R Capo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Jens Z Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario "Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi" (INBB), Rome, Italy.
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46
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Robles-Almazan M, Pulido-Moran M, Moreno-Fernandez J, Ramirez-Tortosa C, Rodriguez-Garcia C, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Hydroxytyrosol: Bioavailability, toxicity, and clinical applications. Food Res Int 2017; 105:654-667. [PMID: 29433260 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many beneficial properties have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet. Over the years, researchers have attempted to learn which foods and which food components are responsible for good health. One of these components is hydroxytyrosol, an important phenolic compound present in olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol is a molecule of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial qualities its role against cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome and for its neuroprotection, antitumour, and chemo modulation effects. The interest in this molecule has led to wide research on its biological activities, its beneficial effects in humans and how to synthetize new molecules from hydroxytyrosol. This review describes the vast range of information about hydroxytyrosol, focusing on its involvement in biological mechanisms and modulation effects on different pathologies. This review also serves to highlight the role of hydroxytyrosol as a nutraceutical and as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Robles-Almazan
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, Jaén 23007, Spain
| | - Mario Pulido-Moran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Cesar Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, Jaén 23007, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jose L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain.
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47
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Valenzuela R, Echeverria F, Ortiz M, Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Espinosa A, Hernandez-Rodas MC, Illesca P, Valenzuela A, Videla LA. Hydroxytyrosol prevents reduction in liver activity of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturases, oxidative stress, and depletion in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in different tissues of high-fat diet fed mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:64. [PMID: 28395666 PMCID: PMC5387240 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) with relevant roles in the organism. EPA and DHA are synthesized from the precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3), whereas AA is produced from linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) through the action of Δ5 and Δ6-desaturases. High-fat diet (HFD) decreases the activity of both desaturases and LCPUFA accretion in liver and other tissues. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant, has an important cytoprotective effects in different cells and tissues. Methods Male mice C57BL/6 J were fed a control diet (CD) (10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates) or a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates) for 12 weeks. Animals were daily supplemented with saline (CD) or 5 mg HT (HFD), and blood and the studied tissues were analyzed after the HT intervention. Parameters studied included liver histology (optical microscopy), activity of hepatic desaturases 5 and 6 (gas-liquid chromatography of methyl esters derivatives) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase by spectrophotometry), oxidative stress indicators (glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactants, and the antioxidant capacity of plasma), gene expression assays for sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) (qPCR and ELISA), and LCPUFA profiles in liver, erythrocyte, brain, heart, and testicle (gas-liquid chromatography). Results HFD led to insulin resistance and liver steatosis associated with SREBP-1c upregulation, with enhancement in plasma and liver oxidative stress status and diminution in the synthesis and storage of n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs in the studied tissues, compared to animals given control diet. HT supplementation significantly reduced fat accumulation in liver and plasma as well as tissue metabolic alterations induced by HFD. Furthermore, a normalization of desaturase activities, oxidative stress-related parameters, and tissue n-3 LCPUFA content was observed in HT-treated rats over control animals. Conclusions HT supplementation prevents metabolic alterations in desaturase activities, oxidative stress status, and n-3 LCPUFA content in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of mice fed HFD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0450-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile. .,Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisca Echeverria
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, 70000, Santiago 7, Chile
| | | | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Paola Illesca
- Biochemistry Department. Faculty of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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D'Adamo S, Cetrullo S, Guidotti S, Borzì RM, Flamigni F. Hydroxytyrosol modulates the levels of microRNA-9 and its target sirtuin-1 thereby counteracting oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte death. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:600-610. [PMID: 27914878 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nutraceutical compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT), have been found to exert protective effects in osteoarthritis (OA) by affecting a variety of key molecular and cellular processes in chondrocytes. However, to our knowledge, no relationship has been reported between nutraceuticals and microRNA (miR) network in OA models. Here, we identified a miR that is implicated in HT-mediated chondroprotection following oxidative stress condition by targeting sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1). METHODS Human primary and C-28/I2 chondrocytes were pre-treated with 100 μM HT 30 min before 100 μM H2O2 addition. In silico analyses were exploited to select putative candidate miRs able to target SIRT-1 mRNA. Luciferase-based gene reporter assay was employed to demonstrate the direct link between miR-9 and its putative mRNA target. Transient transfection approach was performed to examine the effects of miR-9 levels on caspase activity, cell viability and expression of OA-related genes. RESULTS MiR-9 was identified and confirmed as a post-transcriptional regulator of SIRT-1. MiR-9 and SIRT-1 levels showed opposite changes in chondrocytes following H2O2 and HT treatment. Moreover mir-9 silencing inhibited cell death induced by H2O2 partly through down-regulation of SIRT-1, whereas miR-9 overexpression markedly reduced the protective effect of HT. The manipulation of miR-9 levels also resulted in the modulation of OA-related gene expression, including MMP-13, VEGF and RUNX-2. CONCLUSIONS These results show that miR-9 is a critical mediator of the deleterious and OA-related effects of oxidative stress in chondrocytes and that modulation of miR expression may be a crucial mechanism underlying the protective action of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Guidotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - R M Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates metabolic, cardiovascular and liver changes in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome: Pharmacological and metabolism-based investigation. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Casein Glycomacropeptide Hydrolysates Exert Cytoprotective Effect against Cellular Oxidative Stress by Up-Regulating HO-1 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010031. [PMID: 28098837 PMCID: PMC5295075 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as an important mediator in the progression of metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of bovine casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates (GHP) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. Results showed that GHP significantly blocked H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell viability reduction in a dose-dependent manner. Further, GHP concentration-dependently induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Moreover, pretreatment of GHP increased the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which were shown to contribute to Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression. Taken together, GHP protected HepG2 cells from oxidative stress by activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 via p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that bovine casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates might be a potential ingredient in the treatment of oxidative stress-related disorders and further studies are needed to investigate the protective effects in vivo.
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