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Popović AV, Čamagajevac IŠ, Vuković R, Matić M, Velki M, Gupta DK, Galić V, Lončarić Z. Biochemical and molecular responses of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in wheat seedlings exposed to different forms of selenium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108460. [PMID: 38447422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Biofortification aims to increase selenium (Se) concentration and bioavailability in edible parts of crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), resulting in increased concentration of Se in plants and/or soil. Higher Se concentrations can disturb protein structure and consequently influence glutathione (GSH) metabolism in plants which can affect antioxidative and other detoxification pathways. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of five different concentrations of selenate and selenite (0.4, 4, 20, 40 and 400 mg kg-1) on the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in wheat shoots and roots and to determine biochemical and molecular tissue-specific responses. Content of investigated metabolites, activities of detoxification enzymes and expression of their genes depended both on the chemical form and concentration of the applied Se, as well as on the type of plant tissue. The most pronounced changes in the expression level of genes involved in GSH metabolism were visible in wheat shoots at the highest concentrations of both forms of Se. Obtained results can serve as a basis for further research on Se toxicity and detoxification mechanisms in wheat. New insights into the Se impact on GSH metabolism could contribute to the further development of biofortification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuković Popović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Rosemary Vuković
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Magdalena Matić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dharmendra K Gupta
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, 110003, New Delhi, India
| | - Vlatko Galić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Lončarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
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2
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Viltres-Portales M, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Llugany M, Boada R, Valiente M. Selenium biofortification of microgreens: Influence on phytochemicals, pigments and nutrients. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108283. [PMID: 38142664 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.), kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bancal) microgreens were cultivated in presence of selenium 20 μmol L-1 as sodium selenite and sodium selenate mixture. The influence of this biofortification process was evaluated in terms of biomass production, total Se, macro- and micronutrients concentration, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, chlorophylls and carotenoids levels and total soluble proteins content. The results obtained have shown a significant concentration of total Se in the biofortified microgreens of kale (133 μg Se·g-1 DW) and kohlrabi (127 μg Se·g-1 DW) higher than that obtained for wheat (28 μg Se·g-1 DW). The Se uptake in all the species did not produce oxidative damage to the plants reflected in the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity or pigments concentration. These Se-enriched microgreens may contribute to the recommended intake of this nutrient in human diet as to overcome Se-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Viltres-Portales
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, Plaza, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - María-Jesús Sánchez-Martín
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology Group (BABVE), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roberto Boada
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- GTS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Ortega-Hernández E, Camero-Maldonado AV, Acevedo-Pacheco L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Antunes-Ricardo M. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Spray-Dried Encapsulated Kale Sprouts after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112149. [PMID: 37297394 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The health-related compounds present in kale are vulnerable to the digestive process or storage conditions. Encapsulation has become an alternative for their protection and takes advantage of their biological activity. In this study, 7-day-old Red Russian kale sprouts grown in the presence of selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) were spray-dried with maltodextrin to assess their capacity to protect kale sprout phytochemicals from degradation during the digestion process. Analyses were conducted on the encapsulation efficiency, particle morphology, and storage stability. Mouse macrophages (Raw 264.7) and human intestinal cells (Caco-2) were used to assess the effect of the intestinal-digested fraction of the encapsulated kale sprout extracts on the cellular antioxidant capacity, the production of nitric oxide (NOx), and the concentrations of different cytokines as indicators of the immunological response. The highest encapsulation efficiency was observed in capsules with a 50:50 proportion of the hydroalcoholic extract of kale and maltodextrin. Gastrointestinal digestion affected compounds' content in encapsulated and non-encapsulated kale sprouts. Spray-dried encapsulation reduced the phytochemicals' degradation during storage, and the kale sprouts germinated with S and Se showed less degradation of lutein (35.6%, 28.2%), glucosinolates (15.4%, 18.9%), and phenolic compounds (20.3%, 25.7%), compared to non-encapsulated ones, respectively. S-encapsulates exerted the highest cellular antioxidant activity (94.2%) and immunomodulatory activity by stimulating IL-10 production (88.9%) and COX-2 (84.1%) and NOx (92.2%) inhibition. Thus, encapsulation is an effective method to improve kale sprout phytochemicals' stability and bioactivity during storage and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Ana Victoria Camero-Maldonado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - Laura Acevedo-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Quan X, Cheng Y, Yang Z, Yang J, Fang W, Yin Y. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analyses of Regulation of Isothiocyanate and Endogenous Selenium Metabolism in Broccoli Sprouts by Exogenous Sodium Selenite. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071397. [PMID: 37048216 PMCID: PMC10093868 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts have high isothiocyanate and selenium accumulation capacity. This study used a combination of methods, including physiological and biochemical, gene transcription and proteomic, to investigate the isothiocyanate and endogenous selenium accumulation mechanisms in broccoli sprouts under exogenous sodium selenite treatment during germination. Compared with the control, the sprouts length of broccoli sprouts under exogenous selenium treatment was significantly lower, and the contents of total phenol and malondialdehyde in 6-day-old broccoli sprouts were substantially higher. The contents of isothiocyanate and sulforaphane in 4-day-old were increased by up-regulating the relative expression of genes of UGT74B1, OX-1, and ST5b. The relative expression of BoSultr1;1, BoSMT, BoHMT1, and BoCOQ5-2 genes regulating selenium metabolism was significantly up-regulated. In addition, 354 proteins in 4-day-old broccoli sprouts showed different relative abundance compared to the control under selenium treatment. These proteins were classified into 14 functional categories. It was discovered that metabolic pathways and biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites were significantly enriched. The above results showed that exogenous selenium was beneficial in inducing the accumulation of isothiocyanate and selenium during the growth of broccoli sprouts.
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Exogenous Selenium Treatment Promotes Glucosinolate and Glucoraphanin Accumulation in Broccoli by Activating Their Biosynthesis and Transport Pathways. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation using selenium (Se) on plants is an effective and widely used approach. It can not only be converted to more Se rich compounds but promote the accumulation of glucosinolates (GSLs) with anti-carcinogenic properties. However, the molecular mechanism of Se in regulating GSLs synthesis remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Se treatment (50 μM sodium selenite) on GSLs, glucoraphanin (4MSOB), and sulforaphane compounds in broccoli tissues. The transcript levels of genes involved in sulfur absorption and transport, GSLs biosynthesis, translocation, and degradation pathways were also evaluated. The study showed that Se treatment remarkably promoted the accumulation of total sulfur and total Se contents and increased Trp-derived GSLs levels in roots by 2 times. The 4MSOB concentration and sulforaphane content in fresh leaves was increased by 67% and 30% after Se treatment, respectively. For genes expressions, some genes involved in sulfate uptake and transporters, GSLs biosynthesis, and transporters were induced strongly upon Se exposure. Results revealed that exogenous Se treatment promotes the overaccumulation of GSLs and 4MSOB content in broccoli by activating the transcript levels of genes involved in sulfur absorption, GSLs biosynthesis, and translocation pathways.
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Paśko P, Galanty A, Zagrodzki P, Żmudzki P, Bieniek U, Prochownik E, Domínguez-Álvarez E, Bierła K, Łobiński R, Szpunar J, Handzlik J, Marcinkowska M, Gorinstein S. Varied effect of fortification of kale sprouts with novel organic selenium compounds on the synthesis of sulphur and phenolic compounds in relation to cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hu J, Wang Z, Zhang L, Peng J, Huang T, Yang X, Jeong BR, Yang Q. Seleno-Amino Acids in Vegetables: A Review of Their Forms and Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:804368. [PMID: 35185982 PMCID: PMC8847180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seleno-amino acids are safe, health-promoting compounds for humans. Numerous studies have focused on the forms and metabolism of seleno-amino acids in vegetables. Based on research progress on seleno-amino acids, we provide insights into the production of selenium-enriched vegetables with high seleno-amino acids contents. To ensure safe and effective intake of selenium, several issues need to be addressed, including (1) how to improve the accumulation of seleno-amino acids and (2) how to control the total selenium and seleno-amino acids contents in vegetables. The combined use of plant factories with artificial lighting and multiple analytical technologies may help to resolve these issues. Moreover, we propose a Precise Control of Selenium Content production system, which has the potential to produce vegetables with specified amounts of selenium and high proportions of seleno-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Hu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Horticulture, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Qichang Yang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
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Glucosinolates, Ca, Se Contents, and Bioaccessibility in Brassica rapa Vegetables Obtained by Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030350. [PMID: 35159500 PMCID: PMC8834489 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In northwest Spain and Portugal, there is a long tradition of cultivating B. rapa subsp. rapa to obtain turnip greens and turnip tops. Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa (turnip greens and turnip tops) were grown under conventional and organic conditions in two Farms in southern Spain. Glucosinolatescontents were higher in Brassicas grown under conventional conditions than those grown under organic ones. Average Ca total and bioaccessible contents ranged between 14.6–23.4 mg/g; 8.9–12.0 mg/g for turnip greens and 6.4–8.9 mg/g; 4.3–4.8 mg/g for turnip tops. According to these concentrations, an intake of 100–200 g (fresh weight) of the studied Brassica rapa fulfills Ca dietary reference intakes (DRI) (considering the total content data) and complies with 72–100% Ca DRI percentage (considering the bioaccessible data). Se concentrations ranged between 0.061–0.073 µg/g and 0.039–0.053 µg/g for turnip greens and turnip tops respectively. Se bioaccessibility values were high, with percentages of around 90%. Finally, the total glucosinolate content ranged between 13.23–21.28 µmol/g for turnip greens and 13.36–20.20 µmol/g for turnip tops. In general, the bioaccessibility of the total glucosinolates analyzed in this study was high, with mean values of around 73% and 66% for turnip greens and turnip tops, respectively. Brassica rapa vegetables grown under both organic and conventional conditions in southern Spain are an excellent dietary source of Ca, Se, and glucosinolates with a high bioaccessibility.
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Sun H, Zhang Z, Qian H, Zhao X, He H, Zhang L. Glucosinolate Profiles in Different Organs of 111 Radish Accessions and Candidate Genes Involved in Converting Glucobrassicin to 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:488-497. [PMID: 34985889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolate (GSL) not only has highly physiological function for plants but also has considerable human interest. We analyzed the GSL compositions and levels in four organs of 111 radish accessions. Seven major GSLs were detected (approximately 5-245 μmol g-1 DW), among which 4-(methylsulfinyl)but-3-enyl GSL and 4-methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl GSL were the dominant GSLs. GSL levels varied substantially among species and groups, and some genotypes/groups with special GSL profiles were identified. The total GSL level was higher in seeds than in sprouts, taproots, and leaves. Additionally, a correlation analysis revealed that seed 4-(methylsulfinyl)but-3-enyl GSL levels were highly correlated with sprout GSL levels. Moreover, a candidate gene (RsCYP81F2.3) encoding an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of indol-3-ylmethyl GSL to 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL was identified based on the detection and analysis of three radish accessions with relatively high indol-3-ylmethyl GSL, low 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL, and 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL levels in their seeds. Our results provide some insights for finding materials and genes relevant for breeding new varieties with ideal GSL compositions and levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qingbiao Wang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huihui Qian
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongju He
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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Casajús V, Civello P, Martínez G, Howe K, Fish T, Yang Y, Thannhauser T, Li L, Gómez Lobato M. Effect of continuous white light illumination on glucosinolate metabolism during postharvest storage of broccoli. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Zhang H, Zhao Z, Nie B, Lyu C, Liu X. Selenium loss and changes in product quality during cooking of selenium enriched potato tubers. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Santiago FEM, Silva MLS, Cardoso AAS, Duan Y, Guilherme LRG, Liu J, Li L. Biochemical basis of differential selenium tolerance in arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:328-338. [PMID: 33186850 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification in crops provides a valuable strategy to enhance human Se intake. However, crops vary greatly with their capacity in tolerating and metabolizing/accumulating Se, and the basis underlying such variations remains to be fully understood. Here, we compared the effects of Se and its analog S treatments on plant growth and biochemical responses between a Se accumulator (arugula) and a non-accumulator (lettuce). Arugula exhibited an increased biomass production in comparison with untreated controls at a higher selenate concentration than lettuce (20 μM vs. 10 μM Na2SeO4), showing better tolerance to Se. Arugula accumulated 3-folds more Se and S than lettuce plants under the same treatments. However, the Se/S assimilation as assessed by ATP sulfurylase and O-acetylserine (thiol)lyase activities was comparable between arugula and lettuce plants. Approximately 4-fold higher levels of Se in proteins under the same doses of Se treatments were observed in arugula than in lettuce, indicating that Se accumulators have better tolerance to selenoamino acids in proteins. Noticeably, arugula showed 6-fold higher ascorbate peroxidase activity and produced over 5-fold more glutathione and non-protein thiols than lettuce plants, which suggest critical roles of antioxidants in Se tolerance. Taken together, our results show that the elevated Se tolerance of arugula compared to lettuce is most likely due to an efficient antioxidant defense system. This study provides further insights into our understanding of the difference in tolerating and metabolizing/accumulating Se between Se accumulators and non-accumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin E M Santiago
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Maria L S Silva
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Arnon A S Cardoso
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Yongbo Duan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Luiz R G Guilherme
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Mao S, Wang J, Wu Q, Liang M, Yuan Y, Wu T, Liu M, Wu Q, Huang K. Effect of selenium-sulfur interaction on the anabolism of sulforaphane in broccoli. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112499. [PMID: 32980712 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of S (as sulphate) and Se (as selenite) treatment (S mM/Se μM: 1/0, 1/50, 1/100, 1/150, 4/0, 4/50, 4/100, and 4/150) on the production of sulforaphane (an anticancer compound), the accumulation of its precursor substance, and the expression of genes related to glucoraphanin biosynthesis in broccoli were examined. Sulforaphane yield and myrosinase activity increased significantly with the combined application of 4 mM S and 100 μM Se on broccoli. Furthermore, the concentrations of glucoraphanin (a sulforaphane precursor) and methionine (a glucoraphanin substrate) slightly changed after Se application. And the strong anticancer activity of compound Se-SMC was further improved. Analysis of related gene expression showed that MY, which encodes myrosinase, was strongly induced by Se treatment. Thus, the myrosinase activity induced by Se treatment is the dominant factor affecting sulforaphane yield from glucoraphanin hydrolyzation. Selenium-sulfur biofortification provides a technical support for the cultivation of broccoli with high sulforaphane and high anti-cancer selenium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mantian Liang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China.
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14
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Duan Y, Eduardo Melo Santiago F, Rodrigues Dos Reis A, de Figueiredo MA, Zhou S, Thannhauser TW, Li L. Genotypic variation of flavonols and antioxidant capacity in broccoli. Food Chem 2020; 338:127997. [PMID: 33091988 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonols are gaining increasing interests due to their diverse health benefits for humans. Broccoli is a main flavonol source in our diet, but the genetic variation of flavonols and their correlation with antioxidant capacity remain to be understood. Here, we examined variations of the two major flavonols kaempferol and quercetin in florets and leaves of 15 diverse broccoli accessions by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Broccoli accumulated more kaempferol than quercetin in most of the accessions tested, with the ratios varying from 4.4 to 27.9 in leaves and 0.4 to 4.4 in florets. Total flavonoids showed 2.5-fold and 3.3-fold differences in leaves and florets of these accessions, respectively. Principle component analysis revealed that flavonols, along with the key biosynthetic pathway genes, correlated with antioxidant capacity related indicators. This study provides important information for broccoli flavonol genotypic variations and correlation with antioxidant capacity, and will facilitate the development of flavonol enriched cultivars in broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Duan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Featured Resource Plants, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Franklin Eduardo Melo Santiago
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Zip Code 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues Dos Reis
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; School of Science and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Zip Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil
| | - Marislaine A de Figueiredo
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Zip Code 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Suping Zhou
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209-1561, USA
| | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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15
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Cámara-Martos F, Obregón-Cano S, Mesa-Plata O, Cartea-González ME, de Haro-Bailón A. Quantification and in vitro bioaccessibility of glucosinolates and trace elements in Brassicaceae leafy vegetables. Food Chem 2020; 339:127860. [PMID: 32866700 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leaf samples from five Brassicaceae species (Brassica carinata, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Eruca vesicaria and Sinapis alba) were analyzed to determine their contents of glucosinolates and trace elements, and the bioaccessibility of these compounds. Considerable variability in the total contents and glucosinolate profiles was observed in the Brassicaceae species, with the total amounts ranging from 8.5 µmol/g dw in Brassica oleracea to 32.9 µmol/g dw in Sinapis alba. Bioaccessibilities of the predominant glucosinolates were moderate, ranging from 13.1% for glucoraphanin to 43.2% for gluconapin, which is particularly relevant as they have been implicated in a variety of anti-carcinogenic mechanisms. Trace element concentrations were: Se (28-160 µg/Kg dw); Cr (0.31-4.03 µg/g dw); Ni (0.19-1.53 µg/g dw); Fe (8.6-18.8 µg/g dw); Zn (20.8-41.5 µg/g dw); Ca (6.2-15.2 mg/g dw). Brassicaceae leaves were also moderate dietary sources of Se, Ni, Zn and Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cámara-Martos
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba. Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio C-1, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - S Obregón-Cano
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS - CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - O Mesa-Plata
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba. Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio C-1, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M E Cartea-González
- Grupo de Genética, Mejora y Bioquímica de Brásicas. Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A de Haro-Bailón
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS - CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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16
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D’Amato R, Regni L, Falcinelli B, Mattioli S, Benincasa P, Dal Bosco A, Pacheco P, Proietti P, Troni E, Santi C, Businelli D. Current Knowledge on Selenium Biofortification to Improve the Nutraceutical Profile of Food: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4075-4097. [PMID: 32181658 PMCID: PMC7997367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important micronutrient for living organisms, since it is involved in several physiological and metabolic processes. Se intake in humans is often low and very seldom excessive, and its bioavailability depends also on its chemical form, with organic Se as the most available after ingestion. The main dietary source of Se for humans is represented by plants, since many species are able to metabolize and accumulate organic Se in edible parts to be consumed directly (leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and sprouts) or after processing (oil, wine, etc.). Countless studies have recently investigated the Se biofortification of plants to produce Se-enriched foods and elicit the production of secondary metabolites, which may benefit human health when incorporated into the diet. Moreover, feeding animals Se-rich diets may provide Se-enriched meat. This work reviews the most recent literature on the nutraceutical profile of Se-enriched foods from plant and animal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto D’Amato
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Beatrice Falcinelli
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Pablo Pacheco
- Instituto
de Química de San Luis, INQUISAL, Centro Científico-Tecnológico
de San Luis (CCT-San Luis), Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas − Universidad Nacional
de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, Ciudad de San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Primo Proietti
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Troni
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Daniela Businelli
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
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17
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Schiavon M, Nardi S, dalla Vecchia F, Ertani A. Selenium biofortification in the 21 st century: status and challenges for healthy human nutrition. PLANT AND SOIL 2020; 453:245-270. [PMID: 32836404 PMCID: PMC7363690 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is an essential element for mammals and its deficiency in the diet is a global problem. Plants accumulate Se and thus represent a major source of Se to consumers. Agronomic biofortification intends to enrich crops with Se in order to secure its adequate supply by people. SCOPE The goal of this review is to report the present knowledge of the distribution and processes of Se in soil and at the plant-soil interface, and of Se behaviour inside the plant in terms of biofortification. It aims to unravel the Se metabolic pathways that affect the nutritional value of edible plant products, various Se biofortification strategies in challenging environments, as well as the impact of Se-enriched food on human health. CONCLUSIONS Agronomic biofortification and breeding are prevalent strategies for battling Se deficiency. Future research addresses nanosized Se biofortification, crop enrichment with multiple micronutrients, microbial-integrated agronomic biofortification, and optimization of Se biofortification in adverse conditions. Biofortified food of superior nutritional quality may be created, enriched with healthy Se-compounds, as well as several other valuable phytochemicals. Whether such a food source might be used as nutritional intervention for recently emerged coronavirus infections is a relevant question that deserves investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Schiavon
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Serenella Nardi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ertani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
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18
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Tian M, Yang Y, Ávila FW, Fish T, Yuan H, Hui M, Pan S, Thannhauser TW, Li L. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Broccoli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8036-8044. [PMID: 29975053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-enriched broccoli has health-beneficial selenium-containing compounds, but it may contain reduced amounts of chemopreventive glucosinolates. To investigate the basis by which Se treatment influences glucosinolate levels, we treated two broccoli cultivars with 25 μM Na2SeO4. We found that Se supplementation suppressed the accumulation of total glucosinolates, particularly glucoraphanin, the direct precursor of a potent anticancer compound, in broccoli florets and leaves. We showed that the suppression was not associated with plant sulfur nutrition. The levels of the glucosinolate precursors methionine and phenylalanine as well as the expression of genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis were greatly decreased following Se supplementation. Comparative proteomic analysis identified proteins in multiple metabolic and cellular processes that were greatly affected and detected an enzyme affecting methionine biosynthesis that was reduced in the Se-biofortified broccoli. These results indicate that Se-conferred glucosinolate reduction is associated with negative effects on precursor amino acid biosynthesis and glucosinolate-biosynthetic-gene expression and provide information for a better understanding of glucosinolate accumulation in response to Se supplementation in broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Fabricio William Ávila
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- State University of Mid West, UNICENTRO , Irati , Paraná 84500-000 , Brazil
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Maixia Hui
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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19
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20
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McKenzie MJ, Chen RKY, Leung S, Joshi S, Rippon PE, Joyce NI, McManus MT. Selenium treatment differentially affects sulfur metabolism in high and low glucosinolate producing cultivars of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 121:176-186. [PMID: 29126060 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of selenium (Se) application on the sulfur (S)-rich glucosinolate (GSL)-containing plant, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) was examined with a view to producing germplasm with increased Se and GSL content for human health, and to understanding the influence of Se on the regulation of GSL production. Two cultivars differing in GSL content were compared. Increased Se application resulted in an increase in Se uptake in planta, but no significant change in total S or total GSL content in either cultivar. Also no significant change was observed in the activity of ATP sulfurylase (ATPS, EC 2.7.7.4) or O-acetylserine(thiol) lyase (OASTL, EC 2.5.1.47) with increased Se application. However, in the first investigation of APS kinase (APSK, EC 2.7.1.25) expression in response to Se fertilisation, an increase in transcript abundance of one variant of APS kinase 1 (BoAPSK1A) was observed in both cultivars, and an increase in BoAPSK2 transcript abundance was observed in the low GSL producing cultivar. A mechanism by which increased APSK transcription may provide a means of controlling the content of S-containing compounds, including GSLs, following Se uptake is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian J McKenzie
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Ronan K Y Chen
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Manawatu Mail Centre, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Susanna Leung
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Srishti Joshi
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paula E Rippon
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Lincoln, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Nigel I Joyce
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Lincoln, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Michael T McManus
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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21
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Mahn A. Modelling of the effect of selenium fertilization on the content of bioactive compounds in broccoli heads. Food Chem 2017; 233:492-499. [PMID: 28530603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) exerts many effects beneficial to health. Broccoli is a Se-hyperaccumulator plant, with Se-fertilization increasing its potential as a functional food. We studied the effect of dose, and the developmental stage at the beginning of Se-fortification, on antioxidant capacity, phenolics, glucosinolates, sulphoraphane, Se-methyl selenocysteine and myrosinase in broccoli. Se-fortification decreased the antioxidant properties and sulphur-containing compounds, but increased Se-methyl-selenocysteine content. Regression models gave r>0.77 confirming that Se dose and developmental stage largely determine the behaviour of the system. Correlation models gave r>0.95, allowing estimation of saturation concentration of Se-methyl-selenocysteine in broccoli cv. Traditional (3.13µmolg-1DM) and the concentration (2-mmol sodium selenate) above which the content of phenolic compounds decreases significantly. Sulphoraphane and glucosinolates' dependence on total Se supply was consistent with myrosinase activity below 3.5-mmol sodium selenate. Our results would enable design of optimal fertilization strategies to enrich broccoli in Se with minimal impairment of antioxidants properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mahn
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile.
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22
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Wiesner-Reinhold M, Schreiner M, Baldermann S, Schwarz D, Hanschen FS, Kipp AP, Rowan DD, Bentley-Hewitt KL, McKenzie MJ. Mechanisms of Selenium Enrichment and Measurement in Brassicaceous Vegetables, and Their Application to Human Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1365. [PMID: 28824693 PMCID: PMC5540907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health. Se deficiency affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries, and there is increasing awareness that suboptimal supply of Se can also negatively affect human health. Selenium enters the diet primarily through the ingestion of plant and animal products. Although, plants are not dependent on Se they take it up from the soil through the sulphur (S) uptake and assimilation pathways. Therefore, geographic differences in the availability of soil Se and agricultural practices have a profound influence on the Se content of many foods, and there are increasing efforts to biofortify crop plants with Se. Plants from the Brassicales are of particular interest as they accumulate and synthesize Se into forms with additional health benefits, such as methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). The Brassicaceae are also well-known to produce the glucosinolates; S-containing compounds with demonstrated human health value. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the selenoglucosinolates in the Brassicaceae raises questions regarding their potential bioefficacy. In this review we focus on Se uptake and metabolism in the Brassicaceae in the context of human health, particularly cancer prevention and immunity. We investigate the close relationship between Se and S metabolism in this plant family, with particular emphasis on the selenoglucosinolates, and consider the methodologies available for identifying and quantifying further novel Se-containing compounds in plants. Finally, we summarize the research of multiple groups investigating biofortification of the Brassicaceae and discuss which approaches might be most successful for supplying Se deficient populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthethal, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Functional Plant Biology, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Franziska S. Hanschen
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Daryl D. Rowan
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kerry L. Bentley-Hewitt
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marian J. McKenzie
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
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23
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Tian M, Hui M, Thannhauser TW, Pan S, Li L. Selenium-Induced Toxicity Is Counteracted by Sulfur in Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1425. [PMID: 28868057 PMCID: PMC5563375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans. Increasing Se content in food crops offers an effective approach to enhance the consumption of Se in human diets. A thoroughly understanding of the effects of Se on plant growth is important for Se biofortification in food crops. Given that Se is an analog of sulfur (S) and can be toxic to plants, its effect on plant growth is expected to be greatly affected by S nutrition. However, this remains to be further understood. Here, we evaluated the influence of Se treatments on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) growth when S was withheld from the growth nutrient solution. We found that Se was highly toxic to plants when S nutrition was poor. In contrast to Se treatments with adequate S nutrition that slightly reduced broccoli growth, the same concentration of Se treatments without S supplementation dramatically reduced plant sizes. Higher Se toxicity was observed with selenate than selenite under low S nutrition. We examined the bases underlying the toxicity. We discovered that the high Se toxicity in low S nutrition was specifically associated with an increased ratio of Se in proteins verse total Se level, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, elevated lipid peroxidation causing increased cell membrane damage, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities. Se toxicity could be counteracted with increased supplementation of S, which is likely through decreasing non-specific integration of Se into proteins and altering the redox system. The present study provides information for better understanding of Se toxicity and shows that adequate S nutrition is important to prevent Se toxicity during biofortification of crops by Se fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, IthacaNY, United States
| | - Maixia Hui
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, IthacaNY, United States
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Theodore W. Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, IthacaNY, United States
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, Siyi Pan,
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, IthacaNY, United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, IthacaNY, United States
- *Correspondence: Li Li, Siyi Pan,
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24
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White PJ. Selenium accumulation by plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:217-35. [PMID: 26718221 PMCID: PMC4724052 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral element for animals and humans, which they acquire largely from plants. The Se concentration in edible plants is determined by the Se phytoavailability in soils. Selenium is not an essential element for plants, but excessive Se can be toxic. Thus, soil Se phytoavailability determines the ecology of plants. Most plants cannot grow on seleniferous soils. Most plants that grow on seleniferous soils accumulate <100 mg Se kg(-1) dry matter and cannot tolerate greater tissue Se concentrations. However, some plant species have evolved tolerance to Se, and commonly accumulate tissue Se concentrations >100 mg Se kg(-1) dry matter. These plants are considered to be Se accumulators. Some species can even accumulate Se concentrations of 1000-15 000 mg Se kg(-1 )dry matter and are called Se hyperaccumulators. SCOPE This article provides an overview of Se uptake, translocation and metabolism in plants and highlights the possible genetic basis of differences in these between and within plant species. The review focuses initially on adaptations allowing plants to tolerate large Se concentrations in their tissues and the evolutionary origin of species that hyperaccumulate Se. It then describes the variation in tissue Se concentrations between and within angiosperm species and identifies genes encoding enzymes limiting the rates of incorporation of Se into organic compounds and chromosomal loci that might enable the development of crops with greater Se concentrations in their edible portions. Finally, it discusses transgenic approaches enabling plants to tolerate greater Se concentrations in the rhizosphere and in their tissues. CONCLUSIONS The trait of Se hyperaccumulation has evolved several times in separate angiosperm clades. The ability to tolerate large tissue Se concentrations is primarily related to the ability to divert Se away from the accumulation of selenocysteine and selenomethionine, which might be incorporated into non-functional proteins, through the synthesis of less toxic Se metabilites. There is potential to breed or select crops with greater Se concentrations in their edible tissues, which might be used to increase dietary Se intakes of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J White
- Ecological Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK and Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Yi G, Lim S, Chae WB, Park JE, Park HR, Lee EJ, Huh JH. Root Glucosinolate Profiles for Screening of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Genetic Resources. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:61-70. [PMID: 26672790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), a root vegetable, is rich in glucosinolates (GLs), which are beneficial secondary metabolites for human health. To investigate the genetic variations in GL content in radish roots and the relationship with other root phenotypes, we analyzed 71 accessions from 23 different countries for GLs using HPLC. The most abundant GL in radish roots was glucoraphasatin, a GL with four-carbon aliphatic side chain. The content of glucoraphasatin represented at least 84.5% of the total GL content. Indolyl GL represented only 3.1% of the total GL at its maximum. The principal component analysis of GL profiles with various root phenotypes showed that four different genotypes exist in the 71 accessions. Although no strong correlation with GL content and root phenotype was observed, the varied GL content levels demonstrate the genetic diversity of GL content, and the amount that GLs could be potentially improved by breeding in radishes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Won Byoung Chae
- Department of Horticultural Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea
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Thiruvengadam M, Chung IM. Selenium, putrescine, and cadmium influence health-promoting phytochemicals and molecular-level effects on turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa). Food Chem 2014; 173:185-93. [PMID: 25466011 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of selenium, putrescine, and cadmium on the contents of glucosinolates, total phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidant capacities as well as gene regulation of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and glucosinolates biosynthesis were investigated in turnip plants. Selenium dioxide (SeO2) treatment significantly induced the amount of gluconasturtiin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoallysin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2)- and putrescine-treated plants had considerably enhanced gluconasturtiin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin levels, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant capacities were significantly increased in SeO2-treated plants. Lutein was higher in control plants followed by, in decreasing order, SeO2-, putrescine-, and CdCl2-treated plants. The chlorophyll content was significantly decreased and anthocyanin, MDA, and H2O2 levels were significantly increased with CdCl2 treatment. Moreover, plants treated with selenium and cadmium showed significant induction of genes related to glucosinolate, phenolic, and carotenoid biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that SeO2 significantly increased the contents of health-promoting compounds and enhanced the antioxidant capacities of turnip plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143 701, South Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143 701, South Korea.
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Avila FW, Yang Y, Faquin V, Ramos SJ, Guilherme LRG, Thannhauser TW, Li L. Impact of selenium supply on Se-methylselenocysteine and glucosinolate accumulation in selenium-biofortified Brassica sprouts. Food Chem 2014; 165:578-86. [PMID: 25038715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brassica sprouts are widely marketed as functional foods. Here we examined the effects of Se treatment on the accumulation of anticancer compound Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMSCys) and glucosinolates in Brassica sprouts. Cultivars from the six most extensively consumed Brassica vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, green cabbage, Chinese cabbage, kale, and Brussels sprouts) were used. We found that Se-biofortified Brassica sprouts all were able to synthesize significant amounts of SeMSCys. Analysis of glucosinolate profiles revealed that each Brassica crop accumulated different types and amounts of glucosinolates. Cauliflower sprouts had high total glucosinolate content. Broccoli sprouts contained high levels of glucoraphanin, a precursor for potent anticancer compound. Although studies have reported an inverse relationship between accumulation of Se and glucosinolates in mature Brassica plants, Se supply generally did not affect glucosinolate accumulation in Brassica sprouts. Thus, Brassica vegetable sprouts can be biofortified with Se for the accumulation of SeMSCys without negative effects on chemopreventive glucosinolate contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio William Avila
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Valdemar Faquin
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Piekarska A, Kołodziejski D, Pilipczuk T, Bodnar M, Konieczka P, Kusznierewicz B, Hanschen FS, Schreiner M, Cyprys J, Groszewska M, Namieśnik J, Bartoszek A. The influence of selenium addition during germination ofBrassicaseeds on health-promoting potential of sprouts. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:692-702. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.917148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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de Souza GA, de Carvalho JG, Rutzke M, Albrecht JC, Guilherme LRG, Li L. Evaluation of germplasm effect on Fe, Zn and Se content in wheat seedlings. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 210:206-213. [PMID: 23849127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrients are essential for human health and crucial for plant survival. The capacity of food crops in acquiring mineral nutrients affects plant growth and potentially the yield and nutrient content in edible tissues/organs. In this study, we selected 20 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions and evaluated genotypic variations of the young seedlings in response to iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) treatments. Wheat accessions exhibited different growth responses to these minerals and possessed various abilities to accumulate them. Wheat seedlings in general were less tolerable to excess of Fe and benefits from increased levels of Zn supply. They were sensitive to selenite and profited from selenate treatment at low dosages. Limited mineral interactions were observed between Fe or Zn with other nutrients. In contrast, selenate supply enhanced Fe, Zn, sulfur (S), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) content in wheat seedlings, supporting its beneficial role in promoting plant growth; Selenite supplement reduced Zn, S, Mo, Mg, Ca and Mn levels in the plants, consisting with its detrimental role in inhibiting seedling growth. Based on nutrient accumulation, plant growth, and mineral interaction, a number of accessions such as EMB 38 and BRS 264 appeared to be good lines for breeding wheat cultivars with better plant health and potential to accumulate essential micronutrients in edible grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Amaral de Souza
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Extraction, chemical characterization and biological activity determination of broccoli health promoting compounds. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:78-95. [PMID: 23899380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) contains substantial amount of health-promoting compounds such as vitamins, glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, and dietary essential minerals; thus, it benefits health beyond providing just basic nutrition, and consumption of broccoli has been increasing over the years. This review gives an overview on the extraction and separation techniques, as well as the biological activity of some of the above mentioned compounds which have been published in the period January 2008 to January 2013. The work has been distributed according to the different families of health promoting compounds discussing the extraction procedures and the analytical techniques employed for their characterization. Finally, information about the different biological activities of these compounds has been also provided.
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Ávila FW, Faquin V, Yang Y, Ramos SJ, Guilherme LRG, Thannhauser TW, Li L. Assessment of the anticancer compounds Se-methylselenocysteine and glucosinolates in Se-biofortified broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) sprouts and florets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6216-23. [PMID: 23763668 DOI: 10.1021/jf4016834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is a rich source of chemopreventive compounds. Here, we evaluated and compared the effect of selenium (Se) treatment on the accumulation of anticancer compounds Se-methylselenocysteine (SeMSCys) and glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts and florets. Total Se and SeMSCys content in sprouts increased concomitantly with increasing Se doses. Selenate was superior to selenite in inducing total Se accumulation, but selenite is equally effective as selenate in promoting SeMSCys synthesis in sprouts. Increasing sulfur doses reduced total Se and SeMSCys content in sprouts treated with selenate, but not in those with selenite. Examination of five broccoli cultivars reveals that sprouts generally have better fractional ability than florets to convert inorganic Se into SeMSCys. Distinctive glucosinolate profiles between sprouts and florets were observed, and sprouts contained approximately 6-fold more glucoraphanin than florets. In contrast to florets, glucosinolate content was not affected by Se treatment in sprouts. Thus, Se-enriched broccoli sprouts are excellent for simultaneous accumulation of chemopreventive compounds SeMSCys and glucoraphanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio William Ávila
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Li Y, Li X, Zheng W, Fan C, Zhang Y, Chen T. Functionalized selenium nanoparticles with nephroprotective activity, the important roles of ROS-mediated signaling pathways. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:6365-6372. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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