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Cheng Q, Shi X, Li Q, Wang L, Wang Z. Current Advances on Nanomaterials Interfering with Lactate Metabolism for Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305662. [PMID: 37941489 PMCID: PMC10797484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of studies have shown that tumor cells prefer fermentative glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation to provide a vast amount of energy for fast proliferation even under oxygen-sufficient conditions. This metabolic alteration not only favors tumor cell progression and metastasis but also increases lactate accumulation in solid tumors. In addition to serving as a byproduct of glycolytic tumor cells, lactate also plays a central role in the construction of acidic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, resulting in therapeutic tolerance. Recently, targeted drug delivery and inherent therapeutic properties of nanomaterials have attracted great attention, and research on modulating lactate metabolism based on nanomaterials to enhance antitumor therapy has exploded. In this review, the advanced tumor therapy strategies based on nanomaterials that interfere with lactate metabolism are discussed, including inhibiting lactate anabolism, promoting lactate catabolism, and disrupting the "lactate shuttle". Furthermore, recent advances in combining lactate metabolism modulation with other therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, and reactive oxygen species-related therapies, etc., which have achieved cooperatively enhanced therapeutic outcomes, are summarized. Finally, foreseeable challenges and prospective developments are also reviewed for the future development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Xiao‐Lei Shi
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Qi‐Lin Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi‐disciplinary Translational ResearchWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
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Yang H, Deng M, Jia H, Zhang K, Liu Y, Cheng M, Xiao W. A review of structural modification and biological activities of oleanolic acid. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:15-30. [PMID: 38278556 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Since its initial isolation and identification, numerous studies have reported on the structural modifications and pharmacological activities of OA and its derivatives. Despite this, there has been a dearth of comprehensive reviews in the past two decades, leading to challenges in subsequent research on OA. Based on the main biological activities of OA, this paper comprehensively summarized the modification strategies and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of OA and its derivatives to provide valuable reference for future investigations into OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Minghui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
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Qin G, Zhang F, Ren M, Chen X, Liu C, Li G, Gao Q, Qiao L, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Guo Y, Wang G. Eco-friendly and efficient extraction of polyphenols from Ligustrum robustum by deep eutectic solvent assisted ultrasound. Food Chem 2023; 429:136828. [PMID: 37478601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly and efficient extraction method using deep eutectic solvents assisted ultrasound extraction (DESs-UAE) for the polyphenols from Ligustrum robustum was developed. Among the 34 kinds of DESs prepared, tetraethyl ammonium bromide: 1,2,4-butanol (Teab: 1,2,4-But) was proved to be a suitable extraction solvent based on the extraction efficiency. The extraction parameters including temperature, water content, liquid-solid ratio were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were 101.46 ± 2.96 mg GAE/g DW and 264.17 ± 5.39 mg RE/g DW, respectively. Furthermore, the extraction mechanism of DESs-UAE was investigated by extraction kinetics, molecular dynamic simulation and theory calculations of interaction. In particular, 9 kinds of polyphenols compounds from Ligustrum robustum were firstly identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Moreover, the recovered polyphenols exhibited significant antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibition, acetylcholinesterase inhibition and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Mengdie Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
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Karwowska K, Urbaniak W, Petelska AD. The Equilibria of Triterpene Sapogenins-Phosphatidylcholine in Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16144. [PMID: 38003339 PMCID: PMC10671155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sapogenins are the non-sugar parts of saponins (aglycones), high-molecular-weight glycosides linked to one or more sugar side chains. This group of compounds presents many properties, e.g., the potent properties of reducing surface tension and foaming properties, as evidenced by the amphipathic nature of these substances. They are used in the cosmetics industry, the washing and detergent industry, and the food industry. In addition, they have many healing properties. They lower blood cholesterol but are also used to synthesize steroid drugs or hormones. As reported in the literature, saponins also show antitumor activity, leading to cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis of various neoplastic cells. In this study, the influence of two sapogenins: asiatic acid (AA) and oleanolic acid (OA), on the properties of monolayers made of phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was investigated. The method used in these studies was the Langmuir method with Brewster angle microscopy. The interactions between the tested compounds in mixed monolayers were described. Using mathematical equations, we established that oleanolic acid and asiatic acid formed complexes with DPPC at 1:1 ratios, characterized by high stability constants. We derived the parameters characterizing the formed complexes and described the phase transitions that occur during the formation of pure and mixed monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Karwowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Urbaniak
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicz 30, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Aneta D. Petelska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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Rubegeta E, Makolo F, Kamatou G, Enslin G, Chaudhary S, Sandasi M, Cunningham AB, Viljoen A. The African cherry: A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116004. [PMID: 36535336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae), commonly known as "Pygeum" or "African cherry", occurs in mainland montane forests scattered across sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and some surrounding islands. Traditionally, decoctions of the stem-bark are taken orally for the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), stomach ache, chest pain, malaria, heart conditions, and gonorrhoea, as well as urinary and kidney diseases. The timber is used to make axe handles and for other household needs. The dense wood is also sawn for timber. AIM The fragmented information available on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activities of the medicinally important P. africana was collated, organised, and analysed in this review, to highlight knowledge voids that can be addressed through future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliometric analysis of research output on P. africana was conducted on literature retrieved, using the Scopus® database. The trend in the publications over time was assessed and a network analysis of collaborations between countries and authors was carried out. Furthermore, a detailed review of the literature over the period 1971 to 2021, acquired through Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Pubmed, Scirp, DOAJ and Google Scholar, was conducted. All relevant abstracts, full-text articles and various book chapters on the botanical and ethnopharmacological aspects of P. africana, written in English and German, were consulted. RESULTS A total of 455 documents published from 1971 to 2021, were retrieved using the Scopus search. Analysis of the data showed that the majority of these documents were original research articles, followed by reviews and lastly a miscellaneous group comprising conference papers, book chapters, short surveys, editorials and letters. Data were analysed for annual output and areas of intense research focus, and countries with high research output, productive institutions and authors, and collaborative networks were identified. Prunus africana is reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimutagenic, anti-asthmatic, anti-androgenic, antiproliferative and apoptotic activities amongst others. Phytosterols and other secondary metabolites such as phenols, triterpenes, fatty acids, and linear alcohols have been the focus of phytochemical investigations. The biological activity has largely been ascribed to the phytosterols (mainly 3-β-sitosterol, 3-β-sitostenone, and 3-β-sitosterol-glucoside), which inhibit the production of prostaglandins in the prostate, thereby suppressing the inflammatory symptoms associated with BPH and chronic prostatitis. CONCLUSIONS Many of the ethnobotanical assertions for the biological activity of P. africana have been confirmed through in vitro and in vivo studies. However, a disparity exists between the biological activity of the whole extract and that of single compounds isolated from the extract, which were reported to be less effective. This finding suggests that a different approach to biological activity studies should be encouraged that takes all secondary metabolites present into consideration. A robust technique, such as multivariate biochemometric data analysis, which allows for a holistic intervention to study the biological activity of a species is suggested. Furthermore, there is a need to develop rapid and efficient quality control methods for both raw materials and products to replace the time-consuming and laborious methods currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Rubegeta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Felix Makolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Guy Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Gill Enslin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sushil Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Anthony B Cunningham
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Unraveling the Peculiar Features of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041192. [PMID: 36831534 PMCID: PMC9953833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western countries. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of cells, undergo distinctive metabolic and structural dynamics in different types of cancer. PCa cells experience peculiar metabolic changes during their progression from normal epithelial cells to early-stage and, progressively, to late-stage cancer cells. Specifically, healthy cells display a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to the high accumulation of zinc that impairs the activity of m-aconitase, the enzyme of the TCA cycle responsible for the oxidation of citrate. During the early phase of cancer development, intracellular zinc levels decrease leading to the reactivation of m-aconitase, TCA cycle and OXPHOS. PCa cells change their metabolic features again when progressing to the late stage of cancer. In particular, the Warburg effect was consistently shown to be the main metabolic feature of late-stage PCa cells. However, accumulating evidence sustains that both the TCA cycle and the OXPHOS pathway are still present and active in these cells. The androgen receptor axis as well as mutations in mitochondrial genes involved in metabolic rewiring were shown to play a key role in PCa cell metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial structural dynamics, such as biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, were also observed in PCa cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in PCa during tumor development and progression; their role as effective molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PCa patients is also discussed.
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AMPK's double-faced role in advanced stages of prostate cancer. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:2064-2073. [PMID: 35781781 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Unfortunately, a very limited number of drugs are available for the relapsed and advanced stages of PCa, adding only a few months to survival; therefore, it is vital to develop new drugs. 5´ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cell metabolism. It plays a significant role in the metabolism of PCa; hence, it can serve well as a treatment option for the advanced stages of PCa. However, whether this pathway contributes to cancer cell survival or death remains unknown. The present study reviews the possible pathways by which AMPK plays role in the advanced stages of PCa, drug resistance, and metastasis: (1) AMPK has a contradictory role in promoting glycolysis and the Warburg effect which are correlated with cancer stem cells (CSCs) survival and advanced PCa. It exerts its effect by interacting with hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF1) α, pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2), glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), which are key regulators of glycolysis; however, whether it promotes or discourage glycolysis is not conclusive. It can also exert an anti-CSC effect by negative regulation of NANOG and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors, which are the major drivers of CSC maintenance; (2) the regulatory effect of AMPK on autophagy is also noticeable. Androgen receptors' expression increases AMPK activation through Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMKK2) and induces autophagy. In addition, AMPK itself increases autophagy by downregulating the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC). However, whether increased autophagy inhibits or promotes cell death and drug resistance is contradictory. This study reveals that there are numerous pathways other than cell metabolism by which AMPK exerts its effects in the advanced stages of PCa, making it a priceless treatment target. Finally, we mention some drugs developed to treat the advanced stages of PCa by acting on AMPK.
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Liu D, Jin X, Yu G, Wang M, Liu L, Zhang W, Wu J, Wang F, Yang J, Luo Q, Cai L, Yang X, Ke X, Qu Y, Xu Z, Jia L, Chen WL. Oleanolic acid blocks the purine salvage pathway for cancer therapy by inactivating SOD1 and stimulating lysosomal proteolysis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 23:107-123. [PMID: 34703880 PMCID: PMC8505360 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a core hallmark of cancer and is key for tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Investigation of metabolic perturbation by anti-cancer compounds would allow a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these agents and identification of new anti-cancer targets. Here, we demonstrated that the administration of oleanolic acid (OA) rapidly altered cancer metabolism, particularly suppressing the purine salvage pathway (PSP). PSP restoration significantly opposed OA-induced DNA replication and cell proliferation arrest, underscoring the importance of this pathway for the anti-cancer activity of OA. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT), two metabolic enzymes essential for PSP activity, were promptly degraded by OA via the lysosome pathway. Mechanistically, OA selectively targeted superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and yielded reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/macroautophagy pathway, thus eliciting lysosomal degradation of HGPRT and 5′-NT. Furthermore, we found that the PSP was overactivated in human lung and breast cancers, with a negative correlation with patient survival. The results of this study elucidated a new anti-cancer mechanism of OA by restraining the PSP via the SOD1/ROS/AMPK/mTORC1/macroautophagy/lysosomal pathway. We also identified the PSP as a new target for cancer treatment and highlighted OA as a potential therapeutic agent for cancers with high PSP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fengying Wang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xisong Ke
- Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenye Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Lian Chen
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Cancer Chemopreventive Role of Dietary Terpenoids by Modulating Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Signaling System—A Comprehensive Update. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ROS, RNS, and carcinogenic metabolites generate excessive oxidative stress, which changes the basal cellular status and leads to epigenetic modification, genomic instability, and initiation of cancer. Epigenetic modification may inhibit tumor-suppressor genes and activate oncogenes, enabling cells to have cancer promoting properties. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, and is activated in response to cellular stress. It can regulate redox homoeostasis by expressing several cytoprotective enzymes, including NADPH quinine oxidoreductase, heme oxygenase-1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, etc. There is accumulating evidence supporting the idea that dietary nutraceuticals derived from commonly used fruits, vegetables, and spices have the ability to produce cancer chemopreventive activity by inducing Nrf2-mediated detoxifying enzymes. In this review, we discuss the importance of these nutraceuticals in cancer chemoprevention and summarize the role of dietary terpenoids in this respect. This approach was taken to accumulate the mechanistic function of these terpenoids to develop a comprehensive understanding of their direct and indirect roles in modulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling system.
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Khan A, Siddiqui S, Husain SA, Mazurek S, Iqbal MA. Phytocompounds Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer: An Assessment of Role, Mechanisms, Pathways, and Therapeutic Relevance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6897-6928. [PMID: 34133161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of cancer is remarkably different from that of normal cells and confers a variety of benefits, including the promotion of other cancer hallmarks. As the rewired metabolism is a near-universal property of cancer cells, efforts are underway to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic benefits. In the continued search for safer and effective ways of cancer treatment, structurally diverse plant-based compounds have gained substantial attention. Here, we present an extensive assessment of the role of phytocompounds in modulating cancer metabolism and attempt to make a case for the use of plant-based compounds in targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer. We discuss the pharmacological interactions of phytocompounds with major metabolic pathways and evaluate the role of phytocompounds in the regulation of growth signaling and transcriptional programs involved in the metabolic transformation of cancer. Lastly, we examine the potential of these compounds in the clinical management of cancer along with limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shumaila Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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11
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Wang D, Wang J, Zhang J, Yi X, Piao J, Li L, Wang J, Zhang P, He Q. Decrease of ABCB1 protein expression and increase of G 1 phase arrest induced by oleanolic acid in human multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:735. [PMID: 34055052 PMCID: PMC8138263 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural compound that can be found in a number of edible and medicinal plants and confers diverse biological actions. However, the direct target of OA in human tumor cells remains poorly understood, preventing its application in clinical and health settings. A previous study revealed that overexpression of caveolin-1 in human leukemia HL-60 cells can increase its sensitivity to OA. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of OA on the doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7/DOX), harringtonine-resistant human leukemia HL-60 cells (HL-60/HAR) and their corresponding parental cell lines. Western blotting was performed to measure protein expression levels, whilst Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, cell cycle analysis (by flow cytometry) and apoptosis assays (with Annexin V/PI staining) were used to assess drug sensitivity. CCK-8 assay results suggested that MCF-7/DOX cells, which overexpress the caveolin-1 protein, have similar OA susceptibility to their parent line. In addition, sensitivity of MCF-7/DOX cells to OA was not augmented by knocking down caveolin-1 using RNA interference. HL-60/HAR cells exhibited a four-fold increased sensitivity to OA compared with that in their parental HL-60 cells according to CCK-8 assay. Both of the resistant cell lines exhibited higher numbers of cells at G1 phase arrest compared with those in their parent lines, as measured via flow cytometry. Treatment of both MCF-7 cell lines with 100 µM OA for 48 h induced apoptosis, with increased effects observed in resistant cells. However, no PARP-1 or caspase-3 cleavage was observed, with some positive Annexin V staining found after HL-60/HAR cells were treated with OA, suggesting that cell death occurred via non-classical apoptosis or through other cell death pathways. It was found that OA was not a substrate of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) in drug-resistant cells, as indicated by the accumulation of rhodamine 123 assessed using flow cytometry. However, protein expression of ABCB1 in both of the resistant cell lines was significantly decreased after treatment with OA in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that OA could reduce ABCB1 protein expression and induce G1 phase arrest in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. These findings highlight the potential of OA for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, P.R. China
| | - Jincai Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Piao
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, P.R. China
| | - Pengxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, P.R. China
| | - Qiyang He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Mamouni K, Kallifatidis G, Lokeshwar BL. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism in Prostate Cancer with Triterpenoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052466. [PMID: 33671107 PMCID: PMC7957768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignancy. It implements profound metabolic changes to sustain cancer cell survival and proliferation. Although the Warburg effect is a common feature of metabolic reprogramming, recent studies have revealed that tumor cells also depend on mitochondrial metabolism. Due to the essential role of mitochondria in metabolism and cell survival, targeting mitochondria in cancer cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, the metabolic flexibility of cancer cells may enable the upregulation of compensatory pathways, such as glycolysis, to support cancer cell survival when mitochondrial metabolism is inhibited. Thus, compounds capable of targeting both mitochondrial metabolism and glycolysis may help overcome such resistance mechanisms. Normal prostate epithelial cells have a distinct metabolism as they use glucose to sustain physiological citrate secretion. During the transformation process, prostate cancer cells consume citrate to mainly power oxidative phosphorylation and fuel lipogenesis. A growing number of studies have assessed the impact of triterpenoids on prostate cancer metabolism, underlining their ability to hit different metabolic targets. In this review, we critically assess the metabolic transformations occurring in prostate cancer cells. We will then address the opportunities and challenges in using triterpenoids as modulators of prostate cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Mamouni
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (B.L.L.); Tel.: +1-706-446-4976 (K.M.); +1-706-723-0033 (B.L.L.); Fax: +1-305-721-0101 (B.L.L.)
| | - Georgios Kallifatidis
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Bal L. Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (B.L.L.); Tel.: +1-706-446-4976 (K.M.); +1-706-723-0033 (B.L.L.); Fax: +1-305-721-0101 (B.L.L.)
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Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of saponin derivatives of δ-oleanolic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112932. [PMID: 33131725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) are the active ingredients of many medicinal herbs and pharmaceutical formulations, and are well-known for their anti-inflammatory activity. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory effects of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have recently drawn much attention. In this study, we found that a variety of naturally occurring PTs sapogenins and saponins could stimulate the phosphorylation of AMPK, and identified δ-oleanolic acid (10) as a potent AMPK activator. Based on these findings, 23 saponin derivatives of δ-oleanolic acid were synthesized in order to find more potent anti-inflammatory agents with improved pharmacokinetic properties. The results of cellular assays showed that saponin 29 significantly inhibited LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in THP1-derived macrophages. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that 29 stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). The bioavailability of 29 was significantly improved in comparison with its aglycon. More importantly, 29 showed significant anti-inflammatory and liver-protective effects in LPS/D-GalN-induced fulminant hepatic failure mice. Taken together, PTs saponins hold promise as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.
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Sen A. Prophylactic and therapeutic roles of oleanolic acid and its derivatives in several diseases. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:1767-1792. [PMID: 32518769 PMCID: PMC7262697 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i10.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and its derivatives are widely found in diverse plants and are naturally effective pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds with broad prophylactic and therapeutic roles in various diseases such as ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, metabolic disorders, diabetes, hepatitis and different cancers. This review assembles and presents the latest in vivo reports on the impacts of OA and OA derivatives from various plant sources and the biological mechanisms of OA activities. Thus, this review presents sufficient data proposing that OA and its derivatives are potential alternative and complementary therapies for the treatment and management of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaattin Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
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15
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Modulation of dysregulated cancer metabolism by plant secondary metabolites: A mechanistic review. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:276-305. [PMID: 32081639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways and basic metabolites are responsible for the control of metabolism in both normal and cancer cells. As emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism, the abnormal activities of these pathways are of the most noticeable events in cancer. This altered metabolism expedites the survival and proliferation of cancer cells, which have attracted a substantial amount of interest in cancer metabolism. Nowadays, targeting metabolism and cross-linked signaling pathways in cancer has been a hot topic to investigate novel drugs against cancer. Despite the efficiency of conventional drugs in cancer therapy, their associated toxicity, resistance, and high-cost cause limitations in their application. Besides, considering the numerous signaling pathways cross-linked with cancer metabolism, discovery, and development of multi-targeted and safe natural compounds has been a high priority. Natural secondary metabolites have exhibited promising anticancer effects by targeting dysregulated signaling pathways linked to cancer metabolism. The present review reveals the metabolism and cross-linked dysregulated signaling pathways in cancer. The promising therapeutic targets in cancer, as well as the critical role of natural secondary metabolites for significant anticancer enhancements, have also been highlighted to find novel/potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Castrejón-Jiménez NS, Leyva-Paredes K, Baltierra-Uribe SL, Castillo-Cruz J, Campillo-Navarro M, Hernández-Pérez AD, Luna-Angulo AB, Chacón-Salinas R, Coral-Vázquez RM, Estrada-García I, Sánchez-Torres LE, Torres-Torres C, García-Pérez BE. Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids Induce Mitophagy in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:E3444. [PMID: 31547522 PMCID: PMC6803966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic and oleanolic acids are natural isomeric triterpenes known for their anticancer activity. Here, we investigated the effect of triterpenes on the viability of A549 human lung cancer cells and the role of autophagy in their activity. The induction of autophagy, the mitochondrial changes and signaling pathway stimulated by triterpenes were systematically explored by confocal microscopy and western blotting. Ursolic and oleanolic acids induce autophagy in A549 cells. Ursolic acid activates AKT/mTOR pathways and oleanolic acid triggers a pathway independent on AKT. Both acids promote many mitochondrial changes, suggesting that mitochondria are targets of autophagy in a process known as mitophagy. The PINK1/Parkin axis is a pathway usually associated with mitophagy, however, the mitophagy induced by ursolic or oleanolic acid is just dependent on PINK1. Moreover, both acids induce an ROS production. The blockage of autophagy with wortmannin is responsible for a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) and cell death. The wortmannin treatment causes an over-increase of p62 and Nrf2 proteins promote a detoxifying effect to rescue cells from the death conducted by ROS. In conclusion, the mitophagy and p62 protein play an important function as a survival mechanism in A549 cells and could be target to therapeutic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Shantal Castrejón-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1. Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Kahiry Leyva-Paredes
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Shantal Lizbeth Baltierra-Uribe
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Juan Castillo-Cruz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Marcia Campillo-Navarro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alma Delia Hernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México-Xochimilco No. 289. Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico.
| | - Alexandra Berenice Luna-Angulo
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, México-Xochimilco No. 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico.
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Ramón Mauricio Coral-Vázquez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, División de Investigación Biomédica, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Félix Cuevas 540, Col del Valle Sur, Ciudad de México 03100, Mexico.
| | - Iris Estrada-García
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Torres-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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18
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Hu CJ, He J, Li GZ, Fang PP, Xie JD, Ding YW, Mao YQ, Hu KF. Analyzing hedyotis diffusa mechanisms of action from the genomics perspective. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 174:1-8. [PMID: 30442470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hedyotis diffusa is an herb used for anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibroblast treatment in the clinical practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, its pharmacological mechanisms have not been fully established and there is a lack of modern scientific verification. One of the best ways to further understand Hedyotis diffusa's mechanisms of action is to analyze it from the genomics perspective. METHODS In this study, we used network pharmacology approaches to infer the herb-gene interactions, the herb-pathway interactions, and the gene families. We then analyzed Hedyotis diffusa's mechanisms of action using the genomics context combined with the Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical practice and the pharmacological research. RESULTS The results obtained in the pathway and gene family analysis were consistent with the Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical experience and the pharmacological activities of Hedyotis diffusa. CONCLUSIONS Our approach can identify related genes and pathways correctly with little a priori knowledge, and provide potential directions to facilitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jun Hu
- School of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju He
- School of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Li
- Data Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, China
| | - Pei-Pei Fang
- School of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Dong Xie
- School of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - You-Wei Ding
- School of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qing Mao
- School of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kong-Fa Hu
- School of Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Khan MW, Zhao P, Khan A, Raza F, Raza SM, Sarfraz M, Chen Y, Li M, Yang T, Ma X, Xiang G. Synergism of cisplatin-oleanolic acid co-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma cells for enhanced apoptosis and reduced hepatotoxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3753-3771. [PMID: 31239661 PMCID: PMC6554709 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s196651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (CDDP), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), faces severe resistance and hepatotoxicity problems which can be alleviated through combination therapy. Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a pH-dependent calcium carbonate nano-delivery system for the combination therapy of CDDP with oleanolic acid (OA). Methods: A microemulsion method was employed to generate lipid coated cisplatin/oleanolic acid calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CDDP/OA-LCC NPs), and the loading concentration of CDDP and OA was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and HPLC respectively.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the nanoparticles morphology while its pH dependent release characteristics were investigated through in vitro release study. Cellular uptake was examined through a fluorescence microscopy. Apoptotic assays and western blot analysis were conducted to explore the synergistic apoptotic effect of OA on CDDP against HCC cells. The hepatoprotective of OA for CDDP was evaluated through H&E staining. Results: TEM analysis revealed nanoparticles spherical shape with an average particle size of 206±15 nm, and the overall entrapment efficiency was 63.70%±3.9%. In vitro drug release study confirmed the pH-dependent property of the formulation, with the maximum CDDP release of 70%±4.6% at pH 5.5, in contrast to 28%±4.1% CDDP release at pH 7.4. Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and cell cycle analysis confirmed that CDDP and OA synergistically promoted greater HepG2 cells apoptosis for the CDDP/OA-LCC NPs as compared to their individual free drug solutions and NPs-treated groups. Western blot analysis also proved that CDDP/OA-LCC NPs induced the apoptosis by enhancing the proapoptotic protein expressions through downregulating P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway and upregulating p53 proapoptotic pathway. OA helped CDDP to overcome the resistance by downregulating the expression of proteins like XIAP, Bcl-2 via NF-κB pathway. OA also significantly alleviated CDDP-induced hepatotoxicity as evident from the decreased alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase levels and histochemical evaluation. The possible mechanism may be related to the Nrf-2 induction via its antioxidant mechanism to maintain the redox balance and reduction in CYP2E1 activity which can lead to ROS-mediated oxidative stress. Conclusion: These results suggest that CDDP/OA-LCC NPs have promising applications for co-delivering CDDP and OA to synergize their anti-tumor activity against HCC and to utilize OA’s protective effect against CDDP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Asifullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Faisal Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahid Masood Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001/475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Minsi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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Lin YN, Chang HY, Wang CCN, Chu FY, Shen HY, Chen CJ, Lim YP. Oleanolic Acid Inhibits Liver X Receptor Alpha and Pregnane X Receptor to Attenuate Ligand-Induced Lipogenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10964-10976. [PMID: 30351048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα) controls important biological and pathophysiological processes such as lipid homeostasis. Inhibiting LXRα transactivation may beneficial in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is one of the main causes of liver diseases and hyperlipidemia. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid found in many plants. It has several beneficial effects on biological pathways; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects on LXRα are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of OA on T0901317-induced LXRα activation and explored whether OA can attenuate hepatic lipogenesis. The results showed that OA significantly decreased the promoter activities of LXR response element and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). It also decreased the mRNA and protein expression of LXRα target genes. These resulted in reduced hepatocellular lipid content. Our results also revealed that the overall binding pose of OA is similar to the X-ray pose of T0901317. Furthermore, OA stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in hepatic cells. Additionally, it increased small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE) but decreased steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) recruitment to the SREBP-1c promoter region. OA also enhanced LXRα-mediated induction of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-related gene, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1, and ABCG1 expression in intestinal cells. It was found that OA increased the binding of SRC-1 but decreased SMILE recruitment to the ABCG1 gene promoter region. Furthermore, it reduced valproate- and rifampin-induced LXRα- and pregnane X receptor-mediated lipogenesis, respectively, which indicates its potential benefit in treating drug-induced hepatic steatosis. The results also show that OA is liver-specific and can be selectively repressed of lipogenesis. Moreover, it preserves and enhances LXRα-induced RCT stimulation. The results show that OA may be a promising treatment for NAFLD. Additionally, it can be used in the development of LXRα agonists to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ning Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Chang
- Department of Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Charles C N Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering , Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
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Guerra AR, Duarte MF, Duarte IF. Targeting Tumor Metabolism with Plant-Derived Natural Products: Emerging Trends in Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10663-10685. [PMID: 30227704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of neoplastic metabolic reprogramming as one of cancer's hallmarks has paved the way for developing novel metabolism-targeted therapeutic approaches. The use of plant-derived natural bioactive compounds for this endeavor is especially promising, due to their diverse structures and multiple targets. Hence, over the past decade, a growing number of studies have assessed the impact of phytochemicals on tumor cell metabolism, aiming at improving current knowledge on their mechanisms of action and, at the same time, evaluating their potential as anti-cancer metabolic modulators. In this Review, we focus on three classes of plant-derived compounds with promising anti-cancer activity-phenolic compounds, isoprenoids, and alkaloids-to describe their effects on major energetic and biosynthetic pathways of human tumor cells. Such a comprehensive and integrated account of the ability of these compounds to hit different metabolic targets is expected to contribute to the rational design and critical assessment of novel anti-cancer therapies based on natural-product-mediated metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Guerra
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja , Apartado 6158 , 7801-908 Beja , Portugal
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Quı́mica , Universidade de Aveiro , Campus de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Maria F Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja , Apartado 6158 , 7801-908 Beja , Portugal
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas , Universidade de Évora , Pólo da Mitra, 7006-554 Évora , Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Quı́mica , Universidade de Aveiro , Campus de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
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Wu P, Liu S, Su J, Chen J, Li L, Zhang R, Chen T. Apoptosis triggered by isoquercitrin in bladder cancer cells by activating the AMPK-activated protein kinase pathway. Food Funct 2018; 8:3707-3722. [PMID: 28948276 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are well known to require a constant supply of protein, lipid, RNA, and DNA via altered metabolism for accelerated cell proliferation. Targeting metabolic pathways is, therefore, a promising therapeutic strategy for cancers. Isoquercitrin (ISO) is widely distributed in dietary and medicinal plants and displays selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells, primarily by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The aims of this study were to find out whether ISO could stabilize in a bladder-like acidic environment and inhibit bladder cancer cell proliferation by affecting their metabolism, and to investigate its molecular mechanism. In this study, the exposure of T24 bladder cancer cells to ISO (20-80 μM) decreased cell viability by causing ROS overproduction. This ROS change regulated the AMPK signaling pathway, and caused Caspase-dependent apoptosis as well as metabolism dysfunction. Metabolic alterations elevated metabolic pathway variation, which in turn destabilized lipid synthesis and altered anaerobic glycolysis. This linkage was proved by immunoblotting assay, and metabolomics as identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Our findings provide comprehensive evidence that ISO influenced T24 bladder cancer cell metabolism, and that this process was mainly involved in activating the AMPK pathway. This study could lead to an understanding of how ISO suppresses bladder cancer cell growth, and whether the affected cancer metabolism is a common mechanism by which nutritional compounds suppress cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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23
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Li C, Zhang X, Pi C, Yu L, Wang S, Zhong Z. Optimized formulation of multivesicular liposomes loaded with oleanolic acid enhanced anticancer effect in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:955-968. [PMID: 28392677 PMCID: PMC5376187 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s128795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the main causes leading to the death of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Multivesicular liposomes loaded with oleanolic acid (OA-MVLs) have been well demonstrated to suppress survival, growth and angiogenesis of HCC cells. Emerging evidence demonstrates that OA was able to suppress the invasion of HCC cells by down-regulating myocyte enhancer factor-2. We hypothesized that the optimized OA-MVLs could inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC cells. In this study, we utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to assess the influence of some parameters on particle size and encapsulation efficiency and obtain the optimized formulation of OA-MVLs. Subsequently, the human HCC cell lines SMMC-7721 and HepG2 were treated with different doses of OA-MVLs and OA, respectively. Cellular survival, adhesion, migration and invasion in vitro were evaluated. We found that the optimized OA-MVLs significantly decreased the ability of HCC cells to adhere, migrate and invade in vitro. Furthermore, OA-MVLs significantly inhibited the survival of HCC cells at 160 µmol/L but showed no obvious inhibition effect on the cell vitality of normal liver cells. Our findings indicate that OA-MVLs did inhibit the cell survival, adhesion, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro. Although the involved mechanisms are still unclear, our findings can contribute to a better development of a preventive and therapeutic strategy for human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Yuling Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Chao Pi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
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Oleanolic Acid Alters Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways: Implication in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030643. [PMID: 28300756 PMCID: PMC5372655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, much attention has been paid to diet and dietary supplements as a cost-effective therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of a myriad of chronic and degenerative diseases. Rapidly accumulating scientific evidence achieved through high-throughput technologies has greatly expanded the understanding about the multifaceted nature of cancer. Increasingly, it is being realized that deregulation of spatio-temporally controlled intracellular signaling cascades plays a contributory role in the onset and progression of cancer. Therefore, targeting regulators of oncogenic signaling cascades is essential to prevent and treat cancer. A plethora of preclinical and epidemiological evidences showed promising role of phytochemicals against several types of cancer. Oleanolic acid, a common pentacyclic triterpenoid, is mainly found in olive oil, as well as several plant species. It is a potent inhibitor of cellular inflammatory process and a well-known inducer of phase 2 xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes. Main molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of oleanolic acid are mediated by caspases, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, matrix metalloproteinases, pro-apoptotic Bax and bid, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt1/mechanistic target of rapamycin, reactive oxygen species/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, cluster of differentiation 1, CKD4, s6k, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, as well as aforementioned signaling pathways . In this work, we critically review the scientific literature on the molecular targets of oleanolic acid implicated in the prevention and treatment of several types of cancer. We also discuss chemical aspects, natural sources, bioavailability, and safety of this bioactive phytochemical.
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A Review of the Potential of Phytochemicals from Prunus africana (Hook f.) Kalkman Stem Bark for Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy of Prostate Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3014019. [PMID: 28286531 PMCID: PMC5327751 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3014019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains one of the major causes of death worldwide. In view of the limited treatment options for patients with prostate cancer, preventive and treatment approaches based on natural compounds can play an integral role in tackling this disease. Recent evidence supports the beneficial effects of plant-derived phytochemicals as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents for various cancers, including prostate cancer. Prunus africana has been used for generations in African traditional medicine to treat prostate cancer. This review examined the potential roles of the phytochemicals from P. africana, an endangered, sub-Saharan Africa plant in the chemoprevention and chemotherapy of prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies have provided strong pharmacological evidence for antiprostate cancer activities of P. africana-derived phytochemicals. Through synergistic interactions between different effective phytochemicals, P. africana extracts have been shown to exhibit very strong antiandrogenic and antiangiogenic activities and have the ability to kill tumor cells via apoptotic pathways, prevent the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, and alter the signaling pathways required for the maintenance of prostate cancer cells. However, further preclinical and clinical studies ought to be done to advance and eventually use these promising phytochemicals for the prevention and chemotherapy of human prostate cancer.
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Sayeed MA, Bracci M, Lazzarini R, Tomasetti M, Amati M, Lucarini G, Di Primio R, Santarelli L. Use of potential dietary phytochemicals to target miRNA: Promising option for breast cancer prevention and treatment? J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Liqustri lucidi Fructus inhibits hepatic injury and functions as an antioxidant by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in vivo and in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 262:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hou F, Li W, Shi Q, Li H, Liu S, Zong S, Ren J, Chai J, Xu J. Yi Ai Fang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, impacts the vasculogenic mimicry formation of human colorectal cancer through HIF-1α and epithelial mesenchymal transition. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:428. [PMID: 27806701 PMCID: PMC5093962 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yi Ai Fang (YAF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been identified to have anticancer activity in our previously studies. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of YAF suppression of VM on colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. HIF-1α, E-cd(E-cadherin), Claudin-4, and VIM (Vimentin) expressions level in vitro were evaluated by Western blot or RT-PCR. In addition, Human CRC HCT-116 cells were implanted in BALB/c nude mice; mice with xenografted tumors were randomly administrated vehicle (control), 8, 16, or 32 mg/mL YAF, or 1 mg/mL fluorouracil (5-FU). HIF-1α, E-cd, Claudin-4, and VIM expression in these tumors were determined by IHC. RESULTS YAF effectively inhibited the growth and the formation of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of CRC cells in a dose-dependent trend. YAF restrained the formation of vasculogenic mimicry(VM) through HIF-1α/EMT pathway in CRC. YAF suppressed VM was triggered by activation of E-cd and Claudin-4,which are characteristics of endothelial cells,and inhibition of HIF-1α and VIM in vitro. In vivo data showed that YAF remarkably inhibited growth of the xenografted tumors. The YAF-treated tumor samples were analyzed by IHC for levels of HIF-1α/EMT related proteins HIF-1α, E-cd, Claudin-4, and VIM. The results indicated that YAF significantly enhanced expression of E-cd and Claudin-4,but decreased expression of HIF-1α, VIM in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study provided the first direct evidence that YAF inhibited the formation of VM in human CRC, suggesting that YAF may be considered as a useful target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenggang Hou
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Wen Li
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Hongjia Li
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Shaoqi Zong
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong University Affiliated Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, 117 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Mental diseases of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai, 200071, China.
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Han D, Zhang X, Zhang J, Guo X, Zheng Y, Sui S, Zheng J. Oleanolic acid suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by increasing lincRNA-p21 expression. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3519-3522. [PMID: 27900030 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis poses a significant risk to human health and involves the thickening and hardening of the walls of arteries. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accounts for the onset and progression of arteriosclerosis. Suppression of their proliferation has been demonstrated to be an effective anti-arteriosclerosis strategy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been observed to be implicated in the proliferation of VSMCs and arteriosclerosis. In this study, we observed that oleanolic acid (OA), a natural compound from plants, inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs. The expression of lincRNA-p21, an arteriosclerosis-associated lncRNA, was demonstrated to be elevated by OA treatment. Suppression of lincRNA-p21 rescued the effect of OA on the proliferation of VSMCs. Collectively, targeting lncRNA is a promising strategy for arteriosclerosis prevention and treatment, and OA ameliorates arteriosclerosis by increasing lncRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Han
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266031, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266031, P.R. China
| | - Jietao Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozi Guo
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266031, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266031, P.R. China
| | - Shihua Sui
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Zheng
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
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Lian N, Jin H, Zhang F, Wu L, Shao J, Lu Y, Zheng S. Curcumin inhibits aerobic glycolysis in hepatic stellate cells associated with activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:589-96. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naqi Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Departemt of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing China
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Chinese Herbs Interfering with Cancer Reprogramming Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9282813. [PMID: 27242914 PMCID: PMC4875995 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9282813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence promotes a reassessment of metabolic reprogramming regulation in cancer research. Although there exists a long history of Chinese herbs applied in cancer treatment, few reports have addressed the effects of Chinese herbal components on metabolic reprogramming, which is a central cancer hallmark involved in the slowing or prevention of chemoresistance in cancer cells. In this review, we have focused on four core elements altered by metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. These include glucose transport, glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid synthesis. With this focus, we have summarized recent advances in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to specific Chinese herbal components. We propose that exploring Chinese herbal interference in cancer metabolic reprogramming might identify new therapeutic targets for cancer and more ways in which to approach metabolism-related diseases.
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Song HH, Ryu HW, Kim HS, Kim CS, Hyun HJ, Lee HK, Oh SR. A metabolomics approach to identify factors influencing their activity relative to oleanolic acid contents in Korean mistletoe types. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Grahame Hardie D. Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by natural and synthetic activators. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:1-19. [PMID: 26904394 PMCID: PMC4724661 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status that is almost universally expressed in eukaryotic cells. While it appears to have evolved in single-celled eukaryotes to regulate energy balance in a cell-autonomous manner, during the evolution of multicellular animals its role has become adapted so that it also regulates energy balance at the whole body level, by responding to hormones that act primarily on the hypothalamus. AMPK monitors energy balance at the cellular level by sensing the ratios of AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP, and recent structural analyses of the AMPK heterotrimer that have provided insight into the complex mechanisms for these effects will be discussed. Given the central importance of energy balance in diseases that are major causes of morbidity or death in humans, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and inflammatory disorders, there has been a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of AMPK. Many such activators have been described, and the various mechanisms by which these activate AMPK will be discussed. A particularly large class of AMPK activators are natural products of plants derived from traditional herbal medicines. While the mechanism by which most of these activate AMPK has not yet been addressed, I will argue that many of them may be defensive compounds produced by plants to deter infection by pathogens or grazing by insects or herbivores, and that many of them will turn out to be inhibitors of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signaling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Liu J, Ma L, Chen X, Wang J, Yu T, Gong Y, Ma A, Zheng L, Liang H. ERK inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to oleanolic acid-induced apoptosis through ERK/Nrf2/ROS pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8181-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cheng Y, Kim J, Li XX, Hsueh AJ. Promotion of ovarian follicle growth following mTOR activation: synergistic effects of AKT stimulators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117769. [PMID: 25710488 PMCID: PMC4340052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase and mTOR signaling is important in regulating cell growth and proliferation. Recent studies using oocyte- and granulosa cell-specific deletion of mTOR inhibitor genes TSC1 or TSC2 demonstrated the important role of mTOR signaling in the promotion of ovarian follicle development. We now report that treatment of ovaries from juvenile mice with an mTOR activator MHY1485 stimulated mTOR, S6K1 and rpS6 phosphorylation. Culturing ovaries for 4 days with MHY1485 increased ovarian explant weights and follicle development. In vivo studies further demonstrated that pre-incubation of these ovaries with MHY1485 for 2 days, followed by allo-grafting into kidney capsules of adult ovariectomized hosts for 5 days, led to marked increases in graft weights and promotion of follicle development. Mature oocytes derived from MHY1485-activated ovarian grafts could be successfully fertilized, leading the delivery of healthy pups. We further treated ovaries with the mTOR activator together with AKT activators (PTEN inhibitor and phosphoinositol-3-kinase stimulator) before grafting and found additive enhancement of follicle growth. Our studies demonstrate the ability of an mTOR activator in promoting follicle growth, leading to a potential strategy to stimulate preantral follicle growth in infertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Ob/Gyn, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jaehong Kim
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Ob/Gyn, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiao Xiao Li
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Ob/Gyn, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Hsueh
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Ob/Gyn, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Natural compounds regulate glycolysis in hypoxic tumor microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:354143. [PMID: 25685782 PMCID: PMC4317583 DOI: 10.1155/2015/354143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the early twentieth century, Otto Heinrich Warburg described an elevated rate of glycolysis occurring in cancer cells, even in the presence of atmospheric oxygen (the Warburg effect). Recently it became a therapeutically interesting strategy and is considered as an emerging hallmark of cancer. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is one of the key transcription factors that play major roles in tumor glycolysis and could directly trigger Warburg effect. Thus, how to inhibit HIF-1-depended Warburg effect to assist the cancer therapy is becoming a hot issue in cancer research. In fact, HIF-1 upregulates the glucose transporters (GLUT) and induces the expression of glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. So small molecules of natural origin used as GLUT, hexokinase, or pyruvate kinase isoform M2 inhibitors could represent a major challenge in the field of cancer treatment. These compounds aim to suppress tumor hypoxia induced glycolysis process to suppress the cell energy metabolism or enhance the susceptibility of tumor cells to radio- and chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight the role of natural compounds in regulating tumor glycolysis, with a main focus on the glycolysis under hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
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Zhao X, Liu M, Li D. Oleanolic acid suppresses the proliferation of lung carcinoma cells by miR-122/Cyclin G1/MEF2D axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 400:1-7. [PMID: 25472877 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities. However, the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of OA on cell cycle progression has not been completely explored. We employed several lung carcinoma cell lines to investigate the cell cycle-related molecular pathway affected by OA. The data revealed that OA suppressed the proliferation of lung cancer cells in both dose- and time-dependent manners, along with an increase in miR-122 abundance. The suppression of miR-122 abolished the effect of OA on lung cancer cells. CCNG1 and MEF2D, two putative miR-122 targets, were found to be downregulated by OA treatment. Restoring their expression counteracted the effect of OA on lung carcinoma cells. OA was further shown to induce the expression of miR-122-regulating transcriptional factors in lung cancer cells. Collectively, OA induced cell cycle arrest in lung cancer cells through miR-122/Cyclin G1/MEF2D pathway. This finding may contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of OA's anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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38
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Gong AJ, Gong LL, Yao WC, Ge N, Lu LX, Liang H. Aplysin induces apoptosis in glioma cells through HSP90/AKT pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:639-44. [PMID: 25377176 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214555664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignancies in the world. However, an effective regiment is lacking. Increasing evidence indicated that PI3K/AKT signaling is critical for the survival of glioma. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of aplysin on the survival and proliferation of GL26 glioma cells and the involved mechanisms. The data showed that aplysin suppressed the viability of glioma cells in both dose- and time-dependent manners. It also induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in glioma cells. Western blot assays revealed that aplysin treatment changed p-AKT expression by impairing the formation of Heat shock protein 90/AKT complex. Aplysin significantly increased the survival time of mice-bearing glioma and reduced the weights of the established gliomas. Collectively, aplysin can inhibit the proliferation of GL26 glioma cells and induce apoptosis in vitro, perhaps through suppressing PI3K/AKT pathway. It can also inhibit glioma growth in vivo and prolong the survival of mice. Thus, aplysin may be a novel therapeutic drug for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-jing Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li-li Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei-cheng Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Na Ge
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lu-xiang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui Liang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Yu W, Huang C, Wang Q, Huang T, Ding Y, Ma C, Ma H, Chen W. MEF2 transcription factors promotes EMT and invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma through TGF-β1 autoregulation circuitry. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10943-51. [PMID: 25087096 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis is the main causes leading to the death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the underlying mechanism is still to be explored. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a stronger inducer of HCC cell invasion. However, the downstream effector of TGF-β1 that promotes HCC invasion is still unknown. In this study, we found that PI3K/Akt activation takes place following the stimulation of TGF-β1. The inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation abolished epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of HCC cells induced by TGF-β1. Myocyte enhancer factors 2 (MEF2) family proteins were found to be overexpressed in HCC cells under the treatment of TGF-β1 in a PI3K/Akt-dependent way. Silencing the expression of MEF2s was able to prevent the effect of TGF-β1 on HCC EMT and invasion. Unexpectedly, MEF2 proteins were able to promote the expression of TGF-β1 in HCC cells, suggesting the existence of regulatory circuitry consisting of TGF-β1, PI3K/Akt, and MEF2. A natural compound, oleanolic acid, was demonstrated to suppress the invasion and EMT of HCC cells by downregulating MEF2, showing that targeting this pathway is an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC invasion. We believe that our findings can contribute to better understanding of the involved mechanism of HCC invasion and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, 450008, Zhengzhou, China
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