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Supuran CT. Drug interactions of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:143-155. [PMID: 38450431 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2328152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) have been established drug targets for decades, with their inhibitors and activators possessing relevant pharmacological activity and applications in various fields. At least 11 sulfonamides/sulfamates are clinically used as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, or antiobesity agents and one derivative, SLC-0111, is in clinical trials as antitumor/antimetastatic agent. The activators were less investigated with no clinically used agent. AREAS COVERED Drug interactions between CA inhibitors/activators and various other agents are reviewed in publications from the period March 2020 - January 2024. EXPERT OPINION Drug interactions involving these agents revealed several interesting findings. Acetazolamide plus loop diuretics is highy effective in acute decompensated heart failure, whereas ocular diseases such as X-linked retinoschisis and macular edema were treated by acetazolamide plus bevacizumab or topical NSAIDs. Potent anti-infective effects of acetazolamide and other CAIs, alone or in combination with other agents were demonstrated for the management of Neisseria gonorrhoea, vancomycin resistant enterococci, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Trichinella spiralis, and Cryptococcus neoformans infections. Topiramate, in combination with phentermine is incresingly used for the management of obesity, whereas zonisamide plus levodopa is highly effective for Parkinson's disease. Acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, and SLC-0111 showed synergistic antitumor/antimetastatic action in combination with many other antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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2
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Sharma R, Kumarasamy M, Parihar VK, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. Monoamine Oxidase: A Potential Link in Papez Circuit to Generalized Anxiety Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:638-655. [PMID: 37055898 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230412105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a common mental illness that affects a large number of people around the world, and its treatment is often based on the use of pharmacological substances such as benzodiazepines, serotonin, and 5-hydroxytyrosine (MAO) neurotransmitters. MAO neurotransmitters levels are deciding factors in the biological effects. This review summarizes the current understanding of the MAO system and its role in the modulation of anxiety-related brain circuits and behavior. The MAO-A polymorphisms have been implicated in the susceptibility to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in several investigations. The 5-HT system is involved in a wide range of physiological and behavioral processes, involving anxiety, aggressiveness, stress reactions, and other elements of emotional intensity. Among these, 5-HT, NA, and DA are the traditional 5-HT neurons that govern a range of biological activities, including sleep, alertness, eating, thermoregulation, pains, emotion, and memory, as anticipated considering their broad projection distribution in distinct brain locations. The DNMTs (DNA methyltransferase) protein family, which increasingly leads a prominent role in epigenetics, is connected with lower transcriptional activity and activates DNA methylation. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of the art in the elucidation of the brain's complex functions in the regulation of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikant Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali- 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Murali Kumarasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali- 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali-844102, Bihar, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali- 844102, Bihar, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali-844102, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali-844102, Bihar, India
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Sano H, Nambu A. Behavioral effects of zonisamide on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease model mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1221341. [PMID: 37441679 PMCID: PMC10333504 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1221341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zonisamide (ZNS; 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide) was initially developed and is commonly used as an anticonvulsant drug. However, it has also shown its beneficial effects on Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Recent clinical studies have suggested that ZNS can also have beneficial effects on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), which is a major side effect of long-term L-DOPA treatments for PD. In the present study, we examined the behavioral effects of ZNS on LID in PD model mice. Acute ZNS treatment did not have any observable behavioral effects on LID. Contrastingly, chronic ZNS treatment with L-DOPA delayed the peak of LID and reduced the severity of LID before the peak but increased the duration of LID in a dose-dependent manner of ZNS compared to PD model mice treated with L-DOPA alone. Thus, ZNS appears to have both beneficial and adverse effects on LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sano
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
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4
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Anastassova N, Stefanova D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Georgieva I, Kondeva-Burdina M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Tzoneva R, Yancheva D. New Indole-3-Propionic Acid and 5-Methoxy-Indole Carboxylic Acid Derived Hydrazone Hybrids as Multifunctional Neuroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040977. [PMID: 37107353 PMCID: PMC10135567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the known neuroprotective properties of indole compounds and the promising potential of hydrazone derivatives, two series of aldehyde-heterocyclic hybrids combining those pharmacophores were synthesized as new multifunctional neuroprotectors. The obtained derivatives of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and 5-methoxy-indole carboxylic acid (5MICA) had good safety profiles: Hemolytic effects < 5% (200 μM) and IC50 > 150 µM were found in the majority of the SH-SY5Y and bEnd3 cell lines. The 2,3-dihydroxy, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy, and syringaldehyde derivatives of 5MICA exhibited the strongest neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat-brain synaptosomes. All the compounds suppressed the iron-induced lipid peroxidation. The hydroxyl derivatives were also the most active in terms of deoxyribose-degradation inhibition, whereas the 3,4-dihydroxy derivatives were able to decrease the superoxide-anion generation. Both series of compounds showed an increased inhibition of hMAO-B, with greater expression detected in the 5MICA hybrids. The in vitro BBB model with the bEnd3 cell line showed that some compounds increased the permeability of the endothelial monolayer while maintaining the tight junctions. The combined results demonstrated that the derivatives of IPA and 5MICA showed strong neuroprotective, antioxidant, MAO-B inhibitory activity and could be considered as prospective multifunctional compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Stefanova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str.,1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Laboratory of Transmembrane Signaling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Shetnev A, Kotov A, Kunichkina A, Proskurina I, Baykov S, Korsakov M, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of 2,1-benzisoxazole derivatives. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10628-4. [PMID: 36934384 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) are flavoenzymes that metabolize neurotransmitter, dietary and xenobiotic amines to their corresponding aldehydes with the production of hydrogen peroxide. Two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, are expressed in humans and mammals, and display different substrate and inhibitor specificities as well as different physiological roles. MAO inhibitors are of much therapeutic value and are used for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, and Parkinson's disease. To discover MAO inhibitors with good potencies and interesting isoform specificities, the present study synthesized a series of 2,1-benzisoxazole (anthranil) derivatives and evaluated them as in vitro inhibitors of human MAO. The compounds were in most instances specific inhibitors of MAO-B with the most potent MAO-B inhibition observed for 7a (IC50 = 0.017 µM) and 7b (IC50 = 0.098 µM). The most potent MAO-A inhibition was observed for 3l (IC50 = 5.35 µM) and 5 (IC50 = 3.29 µM). It is interesting to note that 3-(2-aminoethoxy)-1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives, the 1,2-benzisoxazole, zonisamide, as well as the isoxazole compound, leflunomide, have been described as MAO inhibitors. This is however the first report of MAO inhibition by derivatives of the 2,1-benzisoxazole structural isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named After K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr Kotov
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named After K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Kunichkina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kosygin Russian State University, 115035, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Proskurina
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named After K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Baykov
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Kosygin Russian State University, 115035, Moscow, Russia, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Korsakov
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named After K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl, 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Wunnava AUR, Kurati SP, Eswar Kumar K, Muthyala MKK. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 1-(1,5-bis(4-substituted phenyl)-2-methyl-1 H-pyrrol-3-yl)- N-methylmethanamines as SERT inhibitors with potential antidepressant action. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:393-402. [PMID: 36846366 PMCID: PMC9945855 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BM212 is a potent anti-TB agent with pharmacophoric features similar to the antidepressant drug sertraline. The shape-based virtual screening of the DrugBank database on BM212 resulted in the identification of several CNS drugs with appreciable Tanimoto scores. The docking simulations also ascertained the selectivity of BM212 towards the serotonin reuptake transporter protein (SERT) with a docking score of -6.51 kcal mol-1. Based on the SAR data available for sertraline and other antidepressant drugs, we designed, synthesized and screened twelve 1-(1,5-bis(4-substituted phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamines (SA-1 to SA-12) for in vitro SERT inhibition and in vivo antidepressant activity. The compounds were screened for in vitro 5HT reuptake inhibition using the platelet model. Among the screened compounds, (1-(1,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine) showed the same serotonin uptake inhibition (absorbance 0.22) as that of the standard drug sertraline (absorbance 0.22). BM212 had an effect on 5-HT uptake, albeit a weaker one compared to the standard (absorbance 0.671). Further, SA-5 was screened for in vivo antidepressant activity using the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol to induce depression in mice. The effect of BM212 and SA-5 on the behaviour of the animals was assessed and compared against the standard drug sertraline. SA-5 at 20 mg per kg body weight was found to have a statistically significant impact on the behaviour of depressed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani Uma Rani Wunnava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Science, Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
| | - Sony Priya Kurati
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Science, Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
| | - Kilari Eswar Kumar
- Pharmacology Department, Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Science, Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
| | - Murali Krishna Kumar Muthyala
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Science, Andhra University Visakhapatnam India
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A novel dual three and five-component reactions between dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and 1-naphthylamine: synthesis and computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Guglielmi P, Carradori S, D'Agostino I, Campestre C, Petzer JP. An updated patent review on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:849-883. [PMID: 35638744 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2083501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are currently used as antidepressants (selective MAO-A inhibitors) or as co-adjuvants for neurodegenerative diseases (selective MAO-B inhibitors). The research within this field is attracting attention due to their crucial role in the modulation of brain functions, mood and cognitive activity, and monoamine catabolism. AREAS COVERED MAO inhibitors (2018-2021) are discussed according to their chemotypes. Structure-activity relationships are derived for each chemical scaffold (propargylamines, chalcones, indoles, benzimidazoles, (iso)coumarins, (iso)benzofurans, xanthones, and tetralones), while the chemical entities were divided into newly synthesized molecules and natural metabolites. The mechanism of action and type of inhibition are also considered. Lastly, new therapeutic applications are reported, which demonstrates the clinical potential of these inhibitors as well as the possibility of repurposing existing drugs for a variety of diseases. EXPERT OPINION MAO inhibitors here reported exhibit different potencies (from the micro- to nanomolar range) and isoform selectivity. These compounds are clinically licensed for multi-faceted neurodegenerative pathologies due to their ability to also act against other relevant targets (cholinesterases, inflammation, and oxidative stress). Moreover, the drug repurposing approach is an attractive strategy by which MAO inhibitors may be applied for the treatment of prostate cancer, inflammation, vertigo, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Anastassova N, Aluani D, Hristova-Avakumova N, Tzankova V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Yancheva D. Study on the Neuroprotective, Radical-Scavenging and MAO-B Inhibiting Properties of New Benzimidazole Arylhydrazones as Potential Multi-Target Drugs for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:884. [PMID: 35624746 PMCID: PMC9138090 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key contributing factor in the complex degenerating cascade in Parkinson's disease. The inhibition of MAO-B affords higher dopamine bioavailability and stops ROS formation. The incorporation of hydroxy and methoxy groups in the arylhydrazone moiety of a new series of 1,3-disubstituted benzimidazole-2-thiones could increase the neuroprotective activity. In vitro safety evaluation on SH-SY5Y cells and rat brain synaptosomes showed a strong safety profile. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects were evaluated in H2O2-induced oxidative stress on SH-SY5Y cells and in a model of 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain synaptosomes, where the dihydroxy compounds 3h and 3i demonstrated the most robust neuroprotective and antioxidant activity, more pronounced than the reference melatonin and rasagiline. Statistically significant MAO-B inhibitory effects were exerted by some of the compounds where again the catecholic compound 3h was the most potent inhibitor similar to selegiline and rasagiline. The most potent antioxidant effect in the ferrous iron induced lipid peroxidation assay was observed for the three catechols-3h and 3j, 3q. The catecholic compound 3h showed scavenging capability against superoxide radicals and antioxidant effect in the iron/deoxyribose system. The study outlines a perspective multifunctional compound with the best safety profile, neuroprotective, antioxidant and MAO-B inhibiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
| | - Denitsa Aluani
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Drug Toxicity, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.A.); (V.T.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Building 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (D.Y.)
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Rajakumara E, Abhishek S, Nitin K, Saniya D, Bajaj P, Schwaneberg U, Davari MD. Structure and Cooperativity in Substrate-Enzyme Interactions: Perspectives on Enzyme Engineering and Inhibitor Design. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:266-280. [PMID: 35041385 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-based synthetic chemistry provides a green way to synthesize industrially important chemical scaffolds and provides incomparable substrate specificity and unmatched stereo-, regio-, and chemoselective product formation. However, using biocatalysts at an industrial scale has its challenges, like their narrow substrate scope, limited stability in large-scale one-pot reactions, and low expression levels. These limitations can be overcome by engineering and fine-tuning these biocatalysts using advanced protein engineering methods. A detailed understanding of the enzyme structure and catalytic mechanism and its structure-function relationship, cooperativity in binding of substrates, and dynamics of substrate-enzyme-cofactor complexes is essential for rational enzyme engineering for a specific purpose. This Review covers all these aspects along with an in-depth categorization of various industrially and pharmaceutically crucial bisubstrate enzymes based on their reaction mechanisms and their active site and substrate/cofactor-binding site structures. As the bisubstrate enzymes constitute around 60% of the known industrially important enzymes, studying their mechanism of actions and structure-activity relationship gives significant insight into deciding the targets for protein engineering for developing industrial biocatalysts. Thus, this Review is focused on providing a comprehensive knowledge of the bisubstrate enzymes' structure, their mechanisms, and protein engineering approaches to develop them into industrial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eerappa Rajakumara
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Suman Abhishek
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Kulhar Nitin
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Dubey Saniya
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH-44, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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(S)-5-Methylmellein Isolated from an Endogenous Lichen Fungus Rosellinia corticium as a Potent Inhibitor of Human Monoamine Oxidase A. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the inhibitory activities against human monoamine oxidases (hMAOs) were evaluated using a library of 195 endogenous lichen fungi from Ukraine. Among them, the extract ELF68 of the endogenous fungus Rosellinia corticium from the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against hMAO-A. Using the activity-guided method, (S)-5-methylmellein (5MM) was isolated from the extract and had an IC50 value of 5.31 µM for hMAO-A with a lower potency for hMAO-B (IC50 = 9.15 µM). Compound 5MM also moderately inhibited acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 27.07 µM) but very weakly inhibited butyrylcholinesterase and β-secretase. Compound 5MM had a Ki value of 2.45 μM and was a reversible competitive inhibitor of hMAO-A. A molecular docking study predicted that (S)-5MM showed higher binding affinity for hMAO-A (−6.8 kcal/mol) than hMAO-B (−6.4 kcal/mol). Its isomer, (R)-5MM, exhibited lower binding affinities for hMAO-A (−6.6 kcal/mol) and hMAO-B (−5.2 kcal/mol), compared to (S)-5MM. The S-form interacted with hMAO-A through hydrogen bonding with the Phe208 residue (distance: 1.972 Å), while the R-form interacted with the Asn181 residue (2.375 Å). The results of an in silico pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that 5MM did not violate Lipinski’s five rules and showed high gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier permeability. These results suggest that 5MM can be considered a candidate in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and cardiovascular disease.
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Ion-Channel Antiepileptic Drugs: An Analytical Perspective on the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of Ezogabine, Lacosamide, and Zonisamide. ANALYTICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica2040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term seizures includes a wide array of different disorders with variable etiology, which currently represent one of the most important classes of neurological illnesses. As a consequence, many different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are currently available, exploiting different activity mechanisms and providing different levels of performance in terms of selectivity, safety, and efficacy. AEDs are currently among the psychoactive drugs most frequently involved in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) practices. Thus, the plasma levels of AEDs and their metabolites are monitored and correlated to administered doses, therapeutic efficacy, side effects, and toxic effects. As for any analytical endeavour, the quality of plasma concentration data is only as good as the analytical method allows. In this review, the main techniques and methods are described, suitable for the TDM of three AEDs belonging to the class of ion channel agents: ezogabine (or retigabine), lacosamide, and zonisamide. In addition to this analytical overview, data are provided, pertaining to two of the most important use cases for the TDM of antiepileptics: drug–drug interactions and neuroprotection activity studies. This review contains 146 references.
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Boos J, Shubbar A, Geldenhuys WJ. Dual monoamine oxidase B and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors for treating movement and cognition deficits in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:1166-1174. [PMID: 34744409 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative movement disorder that leads to loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits. Approaches to neuroprotection and symptom management in PD include use of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors. Many patients with PD also exhibit memory loss in the later stages of disease progression, which is treated with acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors. We sought to identify a dual-mechanism compound that would inhibit both MAO-B and AChE enzymes. Our screen identified a promising compound (7) with balanced MAO-B (IC50 of 16.83 μM) and AChE inhibition activity (AChE IC50 of 22.04 μM). Application of this compound 7 increased short-term associative memory and significantly prevented 6-hydroxy-dopamine toxicity in dopaminergic neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. These findings present a platform for future development of dual-mechanism drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Boos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ahmed Shubbar
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Moya-Alvarado G, Yañez O, Morales N, González-González A, Areche C, Núñez MT, Fierro A, García-Beltrán O. Coumarin-Chalcone Hybrids as Inhibitors of MAO-B: Biological Activity and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092430. [PMID: 33921982 PMCID: PMC8122463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen coumarin-derived compounds modified at the C3 carbon of coumarin with an α,β-unsaturated ketone were synthesized. These compounds may be designated as chalcocoumarins (3-cinnamoyl-2H-chromen-2-ones). Both chalcones and coumarins are recognized scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, showing diverse biological and pharmacological properties among which neuroprotective activities and multiple enzyme inhibition, including mitochondrial enzyme systems, stand out. The evaluation of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors has aroused considerable interest as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. Of the fourteen chalcocumarins evaluated here against MAO-B, ChC4 showed the strongest activity in vitro, with IC50 = 0.76 ± 0.08 µM. Computational docking, molecular dynamics and MM/GBSA studies, confirm that ChC4 binds very stably to the active rMAO-B site, explaining the experimental inhibition data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8330015, Chile;
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| | - Nicole Morales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Angélica González-González
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Carlos Areche
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nuñoa, Santiago 7800024, Chile;
| | - Marco Tulio Núñez
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile;
| | - Angélica Fierro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 6094411, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (O.G.-B.)
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (O.G.-B.)
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Pathania A, Kumar R, Sandhir R. Hydroxytyrosol as anti-parkinsonian molecule: Assessment using in-silico and MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111525. [PMID: 33882412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxytyrosol (HXT) is a natural polyphenol present in extra virgin olive oil. It is a key component of Mediterranean diet and is known for its strong antioxidant activity. The present study evaluated the potential of HXT as an anti-parkinsonian molecule in terms of its ability to inhibit MAO-B and thereby maintaining dopamine (DA) levels in Parkinson's disease (PD). In-silico molecular docking study followed by MMGBSA binding free energy calculation revealed that HXT has a strong binding affinity for MAO-B in comparison to MAO-A. Moreover, rasagiline and HXT interacted with the similar binding sites and modes of interactions. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed stable nature of HXT-MAO-B interaction and also provided information about the amino acid residues involved in binding. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that HXT inhibited MAO-B in human platelets with IC50 value of 7.78 μM. In vivo studies using MPTP-induced mouse model of PD revealed increase in DA levels with concomitant decrease in DA metabolites (DOPAC and HVA) on HXT treatment. Furthermore, MAO-B activity was also inhibited on HXT administration to PD mice. In addition, HXT treatment prevented MPTP-induced loss of DA neurons in substantia nigra and their nerve terminals in the striatum. HXT also attenuated motor impairments in PD mice assessed by catalepsy bar, narrow beam walk and open field tests. Thus, the present findings reveal HXT as a potential inhibitor of MAO-B, which may be used as a lead molecule for the development of therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Duarte P, Cuadrado A, León R. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: From Classic to New Clinical Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 264:229-259. [PMID: 32852645 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are involved in the oxidative deamination of different amines and neurotransmitters. This pointed them as potential targets for several disorders and along the last 70 years a wide variety of MAO inhibitors have been developed as successful drugs for the treatment of complex diseases, being the first drugs approved for depression in the late 1950s. The discovery of two MAO isozymes (MAO-A and B) with different substrate selectivity and tissue expression patterns led to novel therapeutic approaches and to the development of new classes of inhibitors, such as selective irreversible and reversible MAO-B inhibitors and reversible MAO-A inhibitors. Significantly, MAO-B inhibitors constitute a widely studied group of compounds, some of them approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Further applications are under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. This review summarizes the most important aspects regarding the development and clinical use of MAO inhibitors, going through mechanistic and structural details, new indications, and future perspectives. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) catalyze the oxidative deamination of different amines and neurotransmitters. The two different isozymes, MAO-A and MAO-B, are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane in different tissues. The enzymatic reaction involves formation of the corresponding aldehyde and releasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia or a substituted amine depending on the substrate. MAO's role in neurotransmitter metabolism made them targets for major depression and Parkinson's disease, among other neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, these compounds are being studied for other diseases such as cardiovascular ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Duarte
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÚficas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Experimental and DFT studies on the molecular structure, spectroscopic properties, and molecular docking of 4-phenylpiperazine-1-ium dihydrogen phosphate. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Naidoo D, Roy A, Slavětínská LP, Chukwujekwu JC, Gupta S, Van Staden J. New role for crinamine as a potent, safe and selective inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B: In vitro and in silico pharmacology and modeling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112305. [PMID: 31639490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The development of selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been essential in treating Parkinson's disease. However, the apparent hepatotoxicity and drug-drug interactions of current inhibitors accentuate the need for the development of novel pharmacotherapies. Crossyne guttata (L.) D. & U. Müll-Doblies is used frequently by Rastafarian bush doctors to treat alcoholism, a disorder which is also accentuated by MAO. OBJECTIVE The study sought to isolate, identify and characterise the biologically active constituents of C. guttata based on their ability to inhibit the MAO enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Column chromatography was used to isolate the biologically active alkaloids of C. guttata. The ability of the alkaloids to inhibit the biotransformation of 4-aminoantipyrine by the MAO enzymes was evaluated in vitro. In silico docking was conducted using AutoDock Vina server while the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were evaluated using SwissADME. RESULTS Chromatographic separation of an ethanolic fraction of C. guttata yielded the alkaloids crinamine 1 and epibuphanisine 2. 1 and 2 along with structurally related alkaloids haemanthamine 3 and haemanthidine 4 were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the action of isozymes of MAO in vitro. Alkaloids effected submicromolar IC50 values against MAO-B, the most potent of which being crinamine 1 (0.014 μM) > haemanthidine 4 (0.017 μM) > epibuphanisine 2 (0.039 μM) > haemanthamine 3 (0.112 μM). Binding energies of the alkaloids correlated well with their inhibitory potential with crinamine displaying the best binding efficacy and binding energy score with MAO-B. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Crinamine and epibuphanisine exhibited potent and selective inhibitory activity towards MAO-B. After comprehensive in silico investigations encompassing robust molecular docking analysis, the drug-like attributes and safety of the alkaloids suggest the crinamine is a potentially safe drug for human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Naidoo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - A Roy
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - L Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 16610 Prague-6, Czech Republic
| | - J C Chukwujekwu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - S Gupta
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Shetnev A, Shlenev R, Efimova J, Ivanovskii S, Tarasov A, Petzer A, Petzer JP. 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides as privileged structures for the inhibition of monoamine oxidase B. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126677. [PMID: 31537422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition properties of a series of ten 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides. The target compounds were synthesized by dehydration of the corresponding N,N'-diacylhydrazines with phosphorus oxychloride to yield the 1,3,4-oxadiazole cycle with concomitant transformation of the sulfonamide to the sulfonyl chloride group. Treatment with aqueous ammonia in acetonitrile regenerated the target sulfonamides. The results of the enzymology document that these compounds are potent and specific MAO-B inhibitors with the most potent compound exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.0027 µM. An analysis of the structure-activity relationships shows that the 4-benzenesulfonamides are significantly more potent MAO-B inhibitors than the corresponding 3-benzenesulfonamides, and that the corresponding N,N'-diacylhydrazine synthetic precursors are weak MAO inhibitors. Although MAO inhibition by oxadiazole compounds are known, this is the first report of nanomolar MAO inhibition potencies recorded for sulfonamide derivatives. MAO-B specific inhibitors such as those discovered here may be of interest in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Shlenev
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl 150023, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Efimova
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ivanovskii
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Tarasov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl 150023, Russian Federation
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Hudspith L, Shmam F, Dalton CF, Princivalle A, Turega SM. Neurotransmitter selection by monoamine oxidase isoforms, dissected in terms of functional groups by mixed double mutant cycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8871-8877. [PMID: 31556440 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double mutant cycles were constructed using neurotransmitters and synthetic substrates that measure their selective binding to one monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme isoform over another as a function of structural change. This work measures a reduction in selectivity for the MAOB isoform of 3 to 9.5 kJ mol-1 upon the addition of hydroxy functional groups to a phenethylamine scaffold. Replacement of hydroxy functional groups on the phenethylamine scaffold by hydrophobic substituents measures an increase in selectivity for MAOB of -1.1 to -6.9 kJ mol-1. The strategies presented here can be applied to the development of competitive reversible inhibitors of MAO enzymes and other targets with structurally related isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hudspith
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
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Zonisamide Enhances Motor Effects of Levodopa, Not of Apomorphine, in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 2018:8626783. [PMID: 30662707 PMCID: PMC6312621 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8626783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Zonisamide is a relatively recent drug for Parkinson's disease. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the antiparkinsonian effects of zonisamide. However, it is still unclear whether the effect of zonisamide is mainly due to dopaminergic modification in the striatum, or if zonisamide works through nondopaminergic pathways. We conducted the present study to determine the mechanism that is mainly responsible for zonisamide's effects in Parkinson's disease. We examined the effects of zonisamide on motor symptoms in a hemiparkinsonian rat model when administered singly, coadministered with levodopa, a dopamine precursor, or apomorphine, a D1 and D2 dopamine receptor agonist. We used 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats, which were allocated to one of five groups: 14 rats received levodopa only (6 mg/kg), 12 rats received levodopa (6 mg/kg) plus zonisamide (50 mg/kg), six rats received apomorphine only (0.05 mg/kg), six rats received apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg) plus zonisamide (50 mg/kg), and six rats received zonisamide only (50 mg/kg). The drugs were administered once daily for 15 days. We evaluated abnormal involuntary movement every 20 min during a 3 h period following the injection of drugs on treatment Days 1, 8, and 15. Western blot analyses for dopamine decarboxylase and vesicular monoamine transferase-2 were performed using striatal tissues in the lesioned side of rats in the levodopa only group (n = 6) and levodopa plus zonisamide group (n = 4). Levodopa-induced abnormal involuntary movement was significantly enhanced by coadministration of zonisamide. In contrast, zonisamide had no effect on apomorphine-induced abnormal involuntary movement. Zonisamide monotherapy did not induce abnormal involuntary movement. Zonisamide did not affect striatal expression of dopamine decarboxylase or vesicular monoamine transferase-2. In conclusion, zonisamide appears to generate its antiparkinsonian effects by modulating levodopa-dopamine metabolism in the parkinsonian striatum.
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Mazumder MK, Paul R, Phukan BC, Dutta A, Chakrabarty J, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Garcinol, an effective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Med Hypotheses 2018; 117:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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A mechanistic approach to explore the neuroprotective potential of zonisamide in seizures. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1125-1131. [PMID: 29644555 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy, a disease of the brain, is one of the most common serious neurological conditions. It is associated with a group of processes which alter energy metabolism, interrupt cellular ionic homeostasis, cause receptor dysfunction, activate inflammatory cascade, alter neurotransmitter uptake and result in neuronal damage. The increasing knowledge and understanding about the basis of neuronal changes in epilepsy lead to investigate the mechanistic pathway of neuroprotective agents in epilepsy. With this background, the present study is designed to reveal the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective potential of zonisamide in epilepsy. METHODS Seizure-induced neuronal damage was produced by maximal electroshock seizures in animals. The oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory and apoptotic markers were assessed in the brain tissue of animals. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present findings revealed that zonisamide treatment prevented the development of seizures in animals. Seizures-induced free radicals production and neuroinflammation were markedly ameliorated by zonisamide administration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the mechanisms behind the strong neuroprotective potential of zonisamide against seizures by attenuating the oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade and neuronal death associated with progression of seizures. It can be further developed as a neuroprotective agent for epilepsy and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Filimonov SI, Abramov IG, Petzer A, Engelbrecht I, Petzer JP, Yu Suponitsky K, Veselovsky AV. An investigation of the monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of pyrrolo[3,4-f]indole-5,7-dione and indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:81-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna V. Chirkova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | - Mariya V. Kabanova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | | | - Igor G. Abramov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Idalet Engelbrecht
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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Dasgupta S, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay BP, Banerjee A, Mishra DK. Recognition dynamics of dopamine to human Monoamine oxidase B: role of Leu171/Gln206 and conserved water molecules in the active site cavity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1439-1462. [PMID: 28460566 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1325405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumita Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Bishnu P Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepak K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
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Mladenović M, Patsilinakos A, Pirolli A, Sabatino M, Ragno R. Understanding the Molecular Determinant of Reversible Human Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors Containing 2H-Chromen-2-One Core: Structure-Based and Ligand-Based Derived Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships Predictive Models. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:787-814. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Mladenović
- Kragujevac Center
for Computational Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, Serbia
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug
Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rome Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
- Alchemical Dynamics srl, 00125 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Pirolli
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug
Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rome Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
- Department of Information
Technology, IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30, 600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug
Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rome Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug
Chemistry and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Rome Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome Italy
- Alchemical Dynamics srl, 00125 Rome, Italy
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Di Giovanni G, Svob Strac D, Sole M, Unzeta M, Tipton KF, Mück-Šeler D, Bolea I, Della Corte L, Nikolac Perkovic M, Pivac N, Smolders IJ, Stasiak A, Fogel WA, De Deurwaerdère P. Monoaminergic and Histaminergic Strategies and Treatments in Brain Diseases. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:541. [PMID: 27932945 PMCID: PMC5121249 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoaminergic systems are the target of several drugs for the treatment of mood, motor and cognitive disorders as well as neurological conditions. In most cases, advances have occurred through serendipity, except for Parkinson's disease where the pathophysiology led almost immediately to the introduction of dopamine restoring agents. Extensive neuropharmacological studies first showed that the primary target of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytic drugs were specific components of the monoaminergic systems. Later, some dramatic side effects associated with older medicines were shown to disappear with new chemical compounds targeting the origin of the therapeutic benefit more specifically. The increased knowledge regarding the function and interaction of the monoaminergic systems in the brain resulting from in vivo neurochemical and neurophysiological studies indicated new monoaminergic targets that could achieve the efficacy of the older medicines with fewer side-effects. Yet, this accumulated knowledge regarding monoamines did not produce valuable strategies for diseases where no monoaminergic drug has been shown to be effective. Here, we emphasize the new therapeutic and monoaminergic-based strategies for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. We will consider three main groups of diseases, based on the evidence of monoamines involvement (schizophrenia, depression, obesity), the identification of monoamines in the diseases processes (Parkinson's disease, addiction) and the prospect of the involvement of monoaminergic mechanisms (epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke). In most cases, the clinically available monoaminergic drugs induce widespread modifications of amine tone or excitability through neurobiological networks and exemplify the overlap between therapeutic approaches to psychiatric and neurological conditions. More recent developments that have resulted in improved drug specificity and responses will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Montse Sole
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Keith F. Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Dorotea Mück-Šeler
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Irene Bolea
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse J. Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Stasiak
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293), Institut of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBordeaux Cedex, France
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Vilar S, Quezada E, Uriarte E, Costanzi S, Borges F, Viña D, Hripcsak G. Computational Drug Target Screening through Protein Interaction Profiles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36969. [PMID: 27845365 PMCID: PMC5109486 DOI: 10.1038/srep36969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of computational methods to discover novel drug-target interactions on a large scale is of great interest. We propose a new method for virtual screening based on protein interaction profile similarity to discover new targets for molecules, including existing drugs. We calculated Target Interaction Profile Fingerprints (TIPFs) based on ChEMBL database to evaluate drug similarity and generated new putative compound-target candidates from the non-intersecting targets in each pair of compounds. A set of drugs was further studied in monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme through molecular docking and experimental assays. The drug ethoxzolamide and the natural compound piperlongumine, present in Piper longum L, showed hMAO-B activity with IC50 values of 25 and 65 μM respectively. Five candidates, including lapatinib, SB-202190, RO-316233, GW786460X and indirubin-3′-monoxime were tested against human COX-1. Compounds SB-202190 and RO-316233 showed a IC50 in hCOX-1 of 24 and 25 μM respectively (similar range as potent inhibitors such as diclofenac and indomethacin in the same experimental conditions). Lapatinib and indirubin-3′-monoxime showed moderate hCOX-1 activity (19.5% and 28% of enzyme inhibition at 25 μM respectively). Our modeling constitutes a multi-target predictor for large scale virtual screening with potential in lead discovery, repositioning and drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vilar
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elías Quezada
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stefano Costanzi
- Department of Chemistry, American University, 20016 Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dolores Viña
- Department of Pharmacology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - George Hripcsak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Svob Strac D, Pivac N, Smolders IJ, Fogel WA, De Deurwaerdere P, Di Giovanni G. Monoaminergic Mechanisms in Epilepsy May Offer Innovative Therapeutic Opportunity for Monoaminergic Multi-Target Drugs. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:492. [PMID: 27891070 PMCID: PMC5102907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental and clinical evidence has strongly suggested that monoamines play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility, convulsions, and comorbid psychiatric disorders commonly seen in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, neither the relative significance of individual monoamines nor their interaction has yet been fully clarified due to the complexity of these neurotransmitter systems. In addition, epilepsy is diverse, with many different seizure types and epilepsy syndromes, and the role played by monoamines may vary from one condition to another. In this review, we will focus on the role of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine, and melatonin in epilepsy. Recent experimental, clinical, and genetic evidence will be reviewed in consideration of the mutual relationship of monoamines with the other putative neurotransmitters. The complexity of epileptic pathogenesis may explain why the currently available drugs, developed according to the classic drug discovery paradigm of "one-molecule-one-target," have turned out to be effective only in a percentage of PWE. Although, no antiepileptic drugs currently target specifically monoaminergic systems, multi-target directed ligands acting on different monoaminergic proteins, present on both neurons and glia cells, may represent a new approach in the management of seizures, and their generation as well as comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse J. Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
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Fierro A, Edmondson DE, Celis-Barros C, Rebolledo-Fuentes M, Zapata-Torres G. Why p-OMe- and p-Cl-β-Methylphenethylamines Display Distinct Activities upon MAO-B Binding. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154989. [PMID: 27152414 PMCID: PMC4859490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their structural and chemical commonalities, p-chloro-β-methylphenethylamine and p-methoxy-β-methylphenethylamine display distinct inhibitory and substrate activities upon MAO-B binding. Density Functional Theory (DFT) quantum chemical calculations reveal that β-methylation and para-substitution underpin the observed activities sustained by calculated transition state energy barriers, attained conformations and key differences in their interactions in the enzyme’s substrate binding site. Although both compounds meet substrate requirements, it is clear that β-methylation along with the physicochemical features of the para-substituents on the aromatic ring determine the activity of these compounds upon binding to the MAO B-isoform. While data for a larger set of compounds might lend generality to our conclusions, our experimental and theoretical results strongly suggest that the contrasting activities displayed depend on the conformations adopted by these compounds when they bind to the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Fierro
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dale E. Edmondson
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Gerald Zapata-Torres
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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31
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Saad A, Zhu W, Rousseau G, Mialane P, Marrot J, Haouas M, Taulelle F, Dessapt R, Serier-Brault H, Rivière E, Kubo T, Oldfield E, Dolbecq A. Polyoxomolybdate Bisphosphonate Heterometallic Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Activity on a Breast Cancer Cell Line. Chemistry 2015; 21:10537-47. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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32
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Geldenhuys WJ, Kochi A, Lin L, Sutariya V, Dluzen DE, Van der Schyf CJ, Lim MH. Methyl Yellow: A Potential Drug Scaffold for Parkinson's Disease. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1591-1598. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Juárez-Jiménez J, Mendes E, Galdeano C, Martins C, Silva DB, Marco-Contelles J, do Carmo Carreiras M, Luque FJ, Ramsay RR. Exploring the structural basis of the selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by dicarbonitrile aminoheterocycles: role of Asn181 and Ile335 validated by spectroscopic and computational studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1844:389-97. [PMID: 24247011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since cyanide potentiates the inhibitory activity of several monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, a series of carbonitrile-containing aminoheterocycles was examined to explore the role of nitriles in determining the inhibitory activity against MAO. Dicarbonitrile aminofurans were found to be potent, selective inhibitors against MAO A. The origin of the MAO A selectivity was identified by combining spectroscopic and computational methods. Spectroscopic changes induced in MAO A by mono- and dicarbonitrile inhibitors were different, providing experimental evidence for distinct binding modes to the enzyme. Similar differences were also found between the binding of dicarbonitrile compounds to MAO A and to MAO B. Stabilization of the flavin anionic semiquinone by monocarbonitrile compounds, but destabilization by dicarbonitriles, provided further support to the distinct binding modes of these compounds and their interaction with the flavin ring. Molecular modeling studies supported the role played by the nitrile and amino groups in anchoring the inhibitor to the binding cavity. In particular, the results highlight the role of Asn181 and Ile335 in assisting the interaction of the nitrile-containing aminofuran ring. The network of interactions afforded by the specific attachment of these functional groups provides useful guidelines for the design of selective, reversible MAO A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Juárez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Eduarda Mendes
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avda. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carles Galdeano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Carla Martins
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avda. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel B Silva
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avda. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Radicales Libres y Química Computacional, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/. Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria do Carmo Carreiras
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avda. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Rona R Ramsay
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK.
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Grover ND, Limaye RP, Gokhale DV, Patil TR. Zonisamide: a review of the clinical and experimental evidence for its use in Parkinson's disease. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 45:547-55. [PMID: 24347760 PMCID: PMC3847242 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The limitations of currently available therapies in addressing the non motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have egged on the search for newer options. Zonisamide has been in use for epilepsy and it was serendipitously found to improve the symptoms of PD in a patient who had both epilepsy and PD. Thereafter, various trials were designed to assess the use of zonisamide in PD. The present article investigates the evidence for use of zonisamide in PD from the various clinical trials that were designed to address this issue. Furthermore, the article also summarizes the various mechanisms of its use in PD as described in various animal experiments. A search protocol was designed with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The databases searched were Pubmed, Ovid medline, Cochrane and clinicaltrials.gov. The data thus generated, was fed into a predesigned format. Most of the clinical trials on zonisamide in PD have come from Japan. Most of these trials used the changes in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score as the endpoints and the most conclusive evidence is for a dose of 25-50 mg, which caused a change in UPDRS part III (motor symptoms). These patients were on levodopa and other drugs used for PD during the trials. One of the clinical trials conducted in Spain investigates the use of zonisamide in impulse control disorders among 15 patients of PD. Among the many mechanisms postulated, a reduction in levodopa induced quinone formation, protection against mitochondrial impairment and an increase in astroglial cysteine transport, an inhibition of microglial activation, monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibition, an increased dopamine release and blockade of calcium channels are the most cited. There is evidence for use of zonisamide in PD in addition to levodopa and other therapies for control of motor symptoms. For now, the evidence for its use in control of non motor symptoms in PD is not enough and needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta D. Grover
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramachandra P. Limaye
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dilip V. Gokhale
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tatyasaheb R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
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Yürekli VA, Gürler S, Nazıroğlu M, Uğuz AC, Koyuncuoğlu HR. Zonisamide attenuates MPP+-induced oxidative toxicity through modulation of Ca2+ signaling and caspase-3 activity in neuronal PC12 cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 33:205-12. [PMID: 23229024 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is an incurable progressive neurological condition caused by a degeneration of dopamine-producing cells characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The major mechanisms of the antiepileptic actions of ZNS are inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) channel, T-type voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channel, Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) releasing system, and neuronal depolarization-induced glutamate release; and enhancement of release of inhibitory neurotransmitters; however, the detailed mechanism of antiparkinsonian effects of ZNS remains to be clarified. We aimed to investigate to the effect of ZNS on the oxidative stress, cell viability, Ca(2+) signaling, and caspase activity that induced by the MPP(+) model of Parkinson's in neuronal PC12 cells. Neuronal PC12 cells were divided into four groups namely, control, ZNS, MPP(+), and ZNS+MPP(+) groups. The dose and duration of ZNS and MPP(+) were determined according to cell viability (MTT) analysis which used to assess the cell viability. The cells in ZNS, MPP(+), and ZNS+MPP(+) groups were incubated for 5 h with 100 μM ZNS, 10 h with 100 μM MPP(+), and 10 h with ZNS and MPP(+), respectively. Lipid peroxidation and cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations were higher in the MPP(+) group than in control although their levels were lower in ZNS and the ZNS+MPP(+) groups than in control. Reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase values were lower in the MPP(+) group although they were higher in the ZNS and the ZNS+MPP(+) groups than in control. Caspase-3 activity was lower in the ZNS group than in the MPP(+) group. In conclusion, ZNS induced modulator effects on the oxidative stress, intracellular Ca(2+), and the caspase-3 values in an experimental model of Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Ali Yürekli
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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36
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Carradori S, Secci D, Bolasco A, Chimenti P, D'Ascenzio M. Patent-related survey on new monoamine oxidase inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:759-801. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.698613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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37
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Synthesis and inhibitory effect of piperine derivates on monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3343-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Milczek EM, Binda C, Rovida S, Mattevi A, Edmondson DE. The 'gating' residues Ile199 and Tyr326 in human monoamine oxidase B function in substrate and inhibitor recognition. FEBS J 2011; 278:4860-9. [PMID: 21978362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major structural difference between human monoamine oxidases A (MAO A) and B (MAO B) is that MAO A has a monopartite substrate cavity of ~550 Å(3) volume and MAO B contains a dipartite cavity structure with volumes of ~290 Å(3) (entrance cavity) and ~400 Å(3) (substrate cavity). Ile199 and Tyr326 side chains separate these two cavities in MAO B. To probe the function of these gating residues, Ile199Ala and Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala mutant forms of MAO B were investigated. Structural data on the Ile199Ala MAO B mutant show no alterations in active site geometries compared with wild-type enzyme while the Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala MAO B mutant exhibits alterations in residues 100-103 which are part of the loop gating the entrance to the active site. Both mutant enzymes exhibit catalytic properties with increased amine K(M) but unaltered k(cat) values. The altered K(M) values on mutation are attributed to the influence of the cavity structure in the binding and subsequent deprotonation of the amine substrate. Both mutant enzymes exhibit weaker binding affinities relative to wild-type enzyme for small reversible inhibitors. Ile199Ala MAO B exhibits an increase in binding affinity for reversible MAO B specific inhibitors which bridge both cavities. The Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala double mutant exhibits inhibitor binding properties more similar to those of MAO A than to MAO B. These results demonstrate that the bipartite cavity structure in MAO B plays an important role in substrate and inhibitor recognition to distinguish its specificities from those of MAO A and provide insights into specific reversible inhibitor design for these membrane-bound enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Milczek
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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