1
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Gore B, Chen CC, Lin PY, Wang JJ. Photochemical Radical Bicyclization of 1,5-Enynes: Divergent Synthesis of Fluorenes and Azepinones. Org Lett 2024; 26:757-762. [PMID: 38231886 PMCID: PMC10825824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A dual nickel- and iridium-photocatalyzed radical cascade bicyclization reaction for the synthesis of highly complex molecular structures in an atom- and step-economic manner has been described. A series of radical precursors are utilized for the divergent synthesis of diversely substituted fluorenes and indenoazepinones bearing quaternary carbons by using cascade cyclization reactions of 1,5-enynes. This reaction is characterized by its mild conditions, broad substrate scope, excellent selectivity, and satisfactory yield including facile scale-up synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasaheb
Sopan Gore
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Chen
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yu Lin
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou
First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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2
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Boateng CA, Nilson AN, Placide R, Pham ML, Jakobs FM, Boldizsar N, McIntosh S, Stallings LS, Korankyi IV, Kelshikar S, Shah N, Panasis D, Muccilli A, Ladik M, Maslonka B, McBride C, Sanchez MX, Akca E, Alkhatib M, Saez J, Nguyen C, Kurtyan E, DePierro J, Crowthers R, Brunt D, Bonifazi A, Newman AH, Rais R, Slusher BS, Free RB, Sibley DR, Stewart KD, Wu C, Hemby SE, Keck TM. Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of Benzothiazole Analogues for Cocaine Use Disorder. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12141-12162. [PMID: 37646374 PMCID: PMC10510399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of the dopamine D4 receptor (D4R)─expressed in brain regions that control cognition, attention, and decision-making─could be useful for several neuropsychiatric disorders including substance use disorders (SUDs). This study focused on the synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of benzothiazole analogues designed to target D4R. We identified several compounds with high D4R binding affinity (Ki ≤ 6.9 nM) and >91-fold selectivity over other D2-like receptors (D2R, D3R) with diverse partial agonist and antagonist profiles. Novel analogue 16f is a potent low-efficacy D4R partial agonist, metabolically stable in rat and human liver microsomes, and has excellent brain penetration in rats (AUCbrain/plasma > 3). 16f (5-30 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently decreased iv cocaine self-administration in rats, consistent with previous results produced by D4R-selective antagonists. Off-target antagonism of 5-HT2A or 5-HT2B may also contribute to these effects. Results with 16f support further efforts to target D4R in SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort A. Boateng
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Ashley N. Nilson
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rebekah Placide
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Mimi L. Pham
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Franziska M. Jakobs
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Noelia Boldizsar
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Scot McIntosh
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Leia S. Stallings
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Ivana V. Korankyi
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Shreya Kelshikar
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Nisha Shah
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Diandra Panasis
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Abigail Muccilli
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Maria Ladik
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Brianna Maslonka
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Connor McBride
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Moises Ximello Sanchez
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Ebrar Akca
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Mohammad Alkhatib
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Julianna Saez
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Emily Kurtyan
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Jacquelyn DePierro
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Raymond Crowthers
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Dylan Brunt
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department
of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department
of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kent D. Stewart
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Chun Wu
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Scott E. Hemby
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Thomas M. Keck
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biological & Biomedical
Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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3
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Kovalenko AA, Porozov YB, Skorb EV, Shityakov S. Using novel click chemistry algorithm to design D3R inhibitors as blood-brain barrier permeants. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:923-935. [PMID: 37466055 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptor D3 (D3R) has gained attention as a promising therapeutic target for neurological disorders. In this study, an innovative in silico click reaction strategy was employed to identify potential D3R binders. The ligand template, 1-phenyl-4-[4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)butyl]piperazine, with substitution at the 1,2,3-triazole ring, served as the starting point. Generated compounds underwent filtration based on their brain-to-blood concentration ratio (logBB), leading to the identification of 1-{4-[1-(decahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl]butyl}-4-phenylpiperazine as the most promising candidate, displaying superior D3R affinity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability compared to the reference ligand, eticlopride. Molecular dynamics simulations further supported these findings. This study presents a novel hit for designing D3R ligands and establishes a workflow utilizing in silico click chemistry to screen compounds with BBB permeability. The proposed click reaction-based algorithm holds significant potential as a valuable tool in the development of effective antipsychotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Kovalenko
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri B Porozov
- Center of Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Street 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- HSE University, Kantemirovskaya Street 3A, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
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4
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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5
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Legros C, Rojas A, Dupré C, Brasseur C, Riest‐Fery I, Muller O, Ortuno J, Nosjean O, Guenin S, Ferry G, Boutin JA. Approach to the specificity and selectivity between D2 and D3 receptors by mutagenesis and binding experiments part I: Expression and characterization of D2 and D3 receptor mutants. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4459. [PMID: 36177735 PMCID: PMC9667827 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
D3/D2 sub-specificity is a complex problem to solve. Indeed, in the absence of easy structural biology of the G-protein coupled receptors, and despite key progresses in this area, the systematic knowledge of the ligand/receptor relationship is difficult to obtain. Due to these structural biology limitations concerning membrane proteins, we favored the use of directed mutagenesis to document a rational towards the discovery of markedly specific D3 ligands over D2 ligands together with basic binding experiments. Using our methodology of stable expression of receptors in HEK cells, we constructed the gene encoding for 24 mutants and 4 chimeras of either D2 or D3 receptors and expressed them stably. Those cell lines, expressing a single copy of one receptor mutant each, were stably constructed, selected, amplified and the membranes from them were prepared. Binding data at those receptors were obtained using standard binding conditions for D2 and D3 dopamine receptors. We generated 26 new molecules derived from D2 or D3 ligands. Using 8 reference compounds and those 26 molecules, we characterized their binding at those mutants and chimeras, exemplifying an approach to better understand the difference at the molecular level of the D2 and D3 receptors. Although all the individual results are presented and could be used for minute analyses, the present report does not discuss the differences between D2 and D3 data. It simply shows the feasibility of the approach and its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Anne Rojas
- Chimie MédicinaleInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Clémence Dupré
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Chantal Brasseur
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Isabelle Riest‐Fery
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Olivier Muller
- Chimie MédicinaleInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | | | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Sophie‐Pénélope Guenin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Gilles Ferry
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and CommunicationUniversity of NormandyRouenFrance
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6
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A highly D 3R-selective and efficacious partial agonist (S)-ABS01-113 compared to its D 3R-selective antagonist enantiomer (R)-ABS01-113 as potential treatments for opioid use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2309-2318. [PMID: 35879349 PMCID: PMC9309443 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The non-medical use of opioids has become a national crisis in the USA. Developing non-opioid pharmacotherapies for controlling this opioid epidemic is urgent. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists and low efficacy partial agonists have shown promising profiles in animal models of opioid use disorders (OUD). However, to date, advancement to human studies has been limited. Here we report the effects of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of (±)-ABS01-113, structural analogs of the D3R partial agonist, (±)-VK4-40, in which the 3-OH in the linking chain is replaced by 3-F group. (S)- and (R)-ABS01-113 are identical in chemical structure but with opposite chirality. In vitro receptor binding and functional assays indicate that (S)-ABS01-113 is an efficacious (55%) and potent (EC50 = 7.6 ± 3.9 nM) D3R partial agonist, while the (R)-enantiomer is a potent D3R antagonist (IC50 = 11.4 nM). Both (S)- and (R)-ABS01-113 bind with high affinity to D3R (Ki = 0.84 ± 0.16 and 0.37 ± 0.06 nM, respectively); however, the (S)-enantiomer is more D3/D2-selective (>1000-fold). Pharmacokinetic analyses indicate that both enantiomers display excellent oral bioavailability and high brain penetration. Systemic administration of (S)- or (R)-ABS01-113 alone failed to alter open-field locomotion in male rats and mice. Interestingly, pretreatment with (S)- or (R)-ABS01-113 attenuated heroin-enhanced hyperactivity, heroin self-administration, and (heroin + cue)-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. Together, these findings reveal that both enantiomers, particularly the highly selective and efficacious D3R partial agonist (S)-ABS01-113, demonstrate promising translational potential for the treatment of OUD.
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7
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Zaręba P, Śliwa P, Satała G, Zajdel P, Latacz G, Jaśkowska J. New N-aryl-N′-aryl-/(thio)ureido-/sulfamoylamino-derivatives of alkyl/alkylcarbamoyl piperazines: Effect of structural modifications on selectivity over 5-HT1A receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Bonifazi A, Newman AH, Keck TM, Gervasoni S, Vistoli G, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Pavletić P, Quaglia W, Piergentili A. Scaffold Hybridization Strategy Leads to the Discovery of Dopamine D 3 Receptor-Selective or Multitarget Bitopic Ligands Potentially Useful for Central Nervous System Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3638-3649. [PMID: 34529404 PMCID: PMC8498988 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
In the search for
novel bitopic compounds targeting the dopamine
D3 receptor (D3R), the N-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazine
nucleus (primary pharmacophore) has been linked to the 6,6- or 5,5-diphenyl-1,4-dioxane-2-carboxamide
or the 1,4-benzodioxane-2-carboxamide scaffold (secondary pharmacophore)
by an unsubstituted or 3-F-/3-OH-substituted butyl chain. This scaffold
hybridization strategy led to the discovery of potent D3R-selective or multitarget ligands potentially useful for central
nervous system disorders. In particular, the 6,6-diphenyl-1,4-dioxane
derivative 3 showed a D3R-preferential profile,
while an interesting multitarget behavior has been highlighted for
the 5,5-diphenyl-1,4-dioxane and 1,4-benzodioxane derivatives 6 and 9, respectively, which displayed potent
D2R antagonism, 5-HT1AR and D4R agonism,
as well as potent D3R partial agonism. They also behaved
as low-potency 5-HT2AR antagonists and 5-HT2CR partial agonists. Such a profile might be a promising starting
point for the discovery of novel antipsychotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Amy H. Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M. Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Silvia Gervasoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Pegi Pavletić
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
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9
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Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Dopamine Receptor D 2 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1 H)-one Derivatives Related to Aripiprazole. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091262. [PMID: 34572475 PMCID: PMC8464836 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, a series of new 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potential dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) modulators were synthesized and evaluated in vitro. The preliminary structure-activity relationship disclosed that compound 5e exhibited the highest D2R affinity among the newly synthesized compounds. In addition, 5e showed a very low cytotoxic profile and a high probability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which is important considering the observed affinity. However, molecular modelling simulation revealed completely different binding mode of 5e compared to USC-D301, which might be the culprit of the reduced affinity of 5e toward D2R in comparison with USC-D301.
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10
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Podlewska S, Bugno R, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Bojarski AJ, Handzlik J. Low Basicity as a Characteristic for Atypical Ligands of Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031035. [PMID: 33494248 PMCID: PMC7864501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptors are extensively examined by academic and industrial researchers, due to their vital roles, which they play in the organism and constituting therefore important drug targets. Up to very recently, it was assumed that the basic nitrogen in compound structure is a necessary component to make it active within this receptor system. Such nitrogen interacts in its protonated form with the aspartic acid from the third transmembrane helix (D3x32) forming a hydrogen bond tightly fitting the ligand in the protein binding site. However, there are several recent studies that report strong serotonin receptor affinity also for compounds without a basic moiety in their structures. In the study, we carried out a comprehensive in silico analysis of the low-basicity phenomenon of the selected serotonin receptor ligands. We focused on the crystallized representatives of the proteins of 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, and examined the problem both from the ligand- and structure-based perspectives. The study was performed for the native proteins, and for D3x32A mutants. The investigation resulted in the determination of nonstandard structural requirements for activity towards serotonin receptors, which can be used in the design of new nonbasic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-12-66-23-301 (S.P.); +48-12-620-55-84 (J.H.)
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-12-66-23-301 (S.P.); +48-12-620-55-84 (J.H.)
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11
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Pagire SK, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. The Different Faces of [Ru(bpy) 3Cl 2] and fac[Ir(ppy) 3] Photocatalysts: Redox Potential Controlled Synthesis of Sulfonylated Fluorenes and Pyrroloindoles from Unactivated Olefins and Sulfonyl Chlorides. Org Lett 2020; 22:7853-7858. [PMID: 32909759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A cascade alkene sulfonylation that simultaneously forges C-S and C-C bonds is a highly efficient and powerful approach for directly accessing structurally diverse sulfonylated compounds in a single operation. The reaction was enabled by visible-light-mediated regioselective radical addition of sulfonyl chlorides to 2-arylstyrenes using fac[Ir(ppy)3] as a photocatalyst, demonstrating its unique role in a photocascade process to execute atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) followed by photocyclization. A new class of sulfonyl-substituted fluorenes and pyrroloindoles, which are useful in the field of photoelectronic materials and medicinal chemistry, was produced in excellent yields by this photocascade reaction. In contrast, the cyclization was interrupted when using the [Ru(bpy)3Cl2] catalyst having lower reduction potential, leading only to the formation of a C-S bond and the production of acyclic sulfonylated 2-arylstyrenes under identical reaction conditions. The synthetic utility of the present room-temperature photocatalysis is enhanced by the broad availability of bench-stable sulfonyl chlorides and unactivated olefins, thereby providing a cost-effective and broad-scope protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Pagire
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Naoya Kumagai
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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12
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Kumari S, Carmona AV, Tiwari AK, Trippier PC. Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12290-12358. [PMID: 32686940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, pKa, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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13
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Moritz AE, Free RB, Weiner WS, Akano EO, Gandhi D, Abramyan A, Keck TM, Ferrer M, Hu X, Southall N, Steiner J, Aubé J, Shi L, Frankowski KJ, Sibley DR. Discovery, Optimization, and Characterization of ML417: A Novel and Highly Selective D 3 Dopamine Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5526-5567. [PMID: 32342685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) agonists, we conducted a high-throughput screen using a β-arrestin recruitment assay. Counterscreening of the hit compounds provided an assessment of their selectivity, efficacy, and potency. The most promising scaffold was optimized through medicinal chemistry resulting in enhanced potency and selectivity. The optimized compound, ML417 (20), potently promotes D3R-mediated β-arrestin translocation, G protein activation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK) while lacking activity at other dopamine receptors. Screening of ML417 against multiple G protein-coupled receptors revealed exceptional global selectivity. Molecular modeling suggests that ML417 interacts with the D3R in a unique manner, possibly explaining its remarkable selectivity. ML417 was also found to protect against neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSCs. Together with promising pharmacokinetics and toxicology profiles, these results suggest that ML417 is a novel and uniquely selective D3R agonist that may serve as both a research tool and a therapeutic lead for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Warren S Weiner
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Emmanuel O Akano
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Disha Gandhi
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ara Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Joseph Steiner
- NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
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14
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Newman AH, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A. 2016 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: Designing Bivalent or Bitopic Molecules for G-Protein Coupled Receptors. The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1779-1797. [PMID: 31499001 PMCID: PMC8281448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genesis of designing bivalent or bitopic molecules that engender unique pharmacological properties began with Portoghese's work directed toward opioid receptors, in the early 1980s. This strategy has evolved as an attractive way to engineer highly selective compounds for targeted G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with optimized efficacies and/or signaling bias. The emergence of X-ray crystal structures of many GPCRs and the identification of both orthosteric and allosteric binding sites have provided further guidance to ligand drug design that includes a primary pharmacophore (PP), a secondary pharmacophore (SP), and a linker between them. It is critical to note the synergistic relationship among all three of these components as they contribute to the overall interaction of these molecules with their receptor proteins and that strategically designed combinations have and will continue to provide the GPCR molecular tools of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Corresponding author: Amy H. Newman: Phone: (443)-740-2887. Fax: (443)-740-2111.
| | - Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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15
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Hong G, Nahide PD, Kozlowski MC. Cyanomethylation of Substituted Fluorenes and Oxindoles with Alkyl Nitriles. Org Lett 2020; 22:1563-1568. [PMID: 32043885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first example of metal-free cyanomethylenation from alkyl nitriles of sp3 C-H bonds to afford quaternary carbon centers is described. This oxidative protocol is operationally simple and features good functional group compatibility. This method provides a novel approach to highly functionalized fluorene and oxindole derivatives, which are commonly used in material and pharmaceutical areas. Control experiments provide evidence of a radical reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Pradip D Nahide
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Marisa C Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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16
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Shaik AB, Kumar V, Bonifazi A, Guerrero AM, Cemaj SL, Gadiano A, Lam J, Xi ZX, Rais R, Slusher BS, Newman AH. Investigation of Novel Primary and Secondary Pharmacophores and 3-Substitution in the Linking Chain of a Series of Highly Selective and Bitopic Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonists and Partial Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9061-9077. [PMID: 31526003 PMCID: PMC8830247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) play a critical role in neuropsychiatric conditions including substance use disorders (SUD). Recently, we reported a series of N-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide analogues as high affinity and selective D3R lead molecules for the treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD). Further optimization led to a series of analogues that replaced the 3-OH with a 3-F in the linker between the primary pharmacophore (PP) and secondary pharmacophore (SP). Among the 3-F-compounds, 9b demonstrated the highest D3R binding affinity (Ki = 0.756 nM) and was 327-fold selective for D3R over D2R. In addition, modification of the PP or SP with a 3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl group was also examined. Further, an enantioselective synthesis as well as chiral HPLC methods were developed to give enantiopure R- and S-enantiomers of the four lead compounds. Off-target binding affinities, functional efficacies, and metabolic profiles revealed critical structural components for D3R selectivity as well as drug-like features required for development as pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anver Basha Shaik
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Adrian M. Guerrero
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Sophie L. Cemaj
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alexandra Gadiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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17
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Keck T, Free RB, Day MM, Brown SL, Maddaluna MS, Fountain G, Cooper C, Fallon B, Holmes M, Stang CT, Burkhardt R, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Newman AH, Sibley DR, Wu C, Boateng CA. Dopamine D 4 Receptor-Selective Compounds Reveal Structure-Activity Relationships that Engender Agonist Efficacy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3722-3740. [PMID: 30883109 PMCID: PMC6466480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) plays important roles in cognition, attention, and decision making. Novel D4R-selective ligands have promise in medication development for neuropsychiatric conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and substance use disorders. To identify new D4R-selective ligands, and to understand the molecular determinants of agonist efficacy at D4R, we report a series of eighteen novel ligands based on the classical D4R agonist A-412997 (1, 2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)- N-( m-tolyl)acetamide). Compounds were profiled using radioligand binding displacement assays, β-arrestin recruitment assays, cyclic AMP inhibition assays, and molecular dynamics computational modeling. We identified several novel D4R-selective ( Ki ≤ 4.3 nM and >100-fold vs other D2-like receptors) compounds with diverse partial agonist and antagonist profiles, falling into three structural groups. These compounds highlight receptor-ligand interactions that control efficacy at D2-like receptors and may provide insights into targeted drug discovery, leading to a better understanding of the role of D4Rs in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. Keck
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
- Cooper
Medical School of Rowan University, 401 Broadway, Camden, New
Jersey 08103, United
States
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Marilyn M. Day
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sonvia L. Brown
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Michele S. Maddaluna
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Griffin Fountain
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Charles Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Brooke Fallon
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Matthew Holmes
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Christopher T. Stang
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Russell Burkhardt
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P. Ellenberger
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy H. Newman
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Chun Wu
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular
Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
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18
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Bueschbell B, Barreto CAV, Preto AJ, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. A Complete Assessment of Dopamine Receptor- Ligand Interactions through Computational Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:E1196. [PMID: 30934701 PMCID: PMC6479630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selectively targeting dopamine receptors (DRs) has been a persistent challenge in the last years for the development of new treatments to combat the large variety of diseases involving these receptors. Although, several drugs have been successfully brought to market, the subtype-specific binding mode on a molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Homology modeling and molecular dynamics were applied to construct robust conformational models of all dopamine receptor subtypes (D₁-like and D₂-like). Fifteen structurally diverse ligands were docked. Contacts at the binding pocket were fully described in order to reveal new structural findings responsible for selective binding to DR subtypes. Results: Residues of the aromatic microdomain were shown to be responsible for the majority of ligand interactions established to all DRs. Hydrophobic contacts involved a huge network of conserved and non-conserved residues between three transmembrane domains (TMs), TM2-TM3-TM7. Hydrogen bonds were mostly mediated by the serine microdomain. TM1 and TM2 residues were main contributors for the coupling of large ligands. Some amino acid groups form electrostatic interactions of particular importance for D₁R-like selective ligands binding. Conclusions: This in silico approach was successful in showing known receptor-ligand interactions as well as in determining unique combinations of interactions, which will support mutagenesis studies to improve the design of subtype-specific ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bueschbell
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Carlos A V Barreto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - António J Preto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Anke C Schiedel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Irina S Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal.
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19
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Omran A, Eslamimehr S, Crider AM, Neumann WL. Synthesis of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine dopamine D 3 receptor ligands with extended functionality for probing the secondary binding pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1897-1902. [PMID: 29631959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine analogues which incorporate N-alkyl groups and N-butylamide-linked benzamide functionality have been synthesized and their in vitro binding affinities at human dopamine receptors have been evaluated. Our ligand design strategy was to take the 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine scaffold and extend functionality from the orthosteric binding site to the secondary binding pocket for enhancing affinity and selectivity for the D3 receptor. The N-alkyl analogues constitute a homologous series from N-pentyl to N-decyl to probe the length/bulk tolerance of the secondary binding pocket of the D3 receptor. Enantiomeric 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine analogues were also prepared in order to test the chirality preference of the orthosteric binding site for this scaffold. Benzamide analogues were prepared to enhance affinity and/or selectivity based upon the results of the homologous series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahid Omran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 220 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Shakiba Eslamimehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 220 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - A Michael Crider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 220 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - William L Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 220 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA.
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20
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Marciniec K, Kurczab R, Książek M, Bębenek E, Chrobak E, Satała G, Bojarski AJ, Kusz J, Zajdel P. Structural determinants influencing halogen bonding: a case study on azinesulfonamide analogs of aripiprazole as 5-HT 1A, 5-HT 7, and D 2 receptor ligands. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:55. [PMID: 29748774 PMCID: PMC5945563 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of azinesulfonamide derivatives of long-chain arylpiperazines with variable-length alkylene spacers between sulfonamide and 4-arylpiperazine moiety is designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. In vitro methods are used to determine their affinity for serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, and dopamine D2 receptors. X-ray analysis, two-dimensional NMR conformational studies, and docking into the 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor models are then conducted to investigate the conformational preferences of selected serotonin receptor ligands in different environments. The bent conformation of tetramethylene derivatives is found in a solid state, in dimethyl sulfoxide, and as a global energy minimum during conformational analysis in a simulated water environment. Furthermore, ligand geometry in top-scored complexes is also bent, with one torsion angle in the spacer (τ2) in synclinal conformation. Molecular docking studies indicate the role of halogen bonding in complexes of the most potent ligands and target receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marciniec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, 4 Jagiellońska Street, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Książek
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 4 Uniwersytecka Street, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, 4 Jagiellońska Street, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, 4 Jagiellońska Street, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joachim Kusz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 4 Uniwersytecka Street, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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21
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Chun LS, Vekariya RH, Free RB, Li Y, Lin DT, Su P, Liu F, Namkung Y, Laporte SA, Moritz AE, Aubé J, Frankowski KJ, Sibley DR. Structure-Activity Investigation of a G Protein-Biased Agonist Reveals Molecular Determinants for Biased Signaling of the D 2 Dopamine Receptor. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29515433 PMCID: PMC5826336 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is known to elicit effects through activating two major signaling pathways mediated by either G proteins (Gi/o) or β-arrestins. However, the specific role of each pathway in physiological or therapeutic activities is not known with certainty. One approach to the dissection of these pathways is through the use of drugs that can selectively modulate one pathway vs. the other through a mechanism known as functional selectivity or biased signaling. Our laboratory has previously described a G protein signaling-biased agonist, MLS1547, for the D2R using a variety of in vitro functional assays. To further evaluate the biased signaling activity of this compound, we investigated its ability to promote D2R internalization, a process known to be mediated by β-arrestin. Using multiple cellular systems and techniques, we found that MLS1547 promotes little D2R internalization, which is consistent with its inability to recruit β-arrestin. Importantly, we validated these results in primary striatal neurons where the D2R is most highly expressed suggesting that MLS1547 will exhibit biased signaling activity in vivo. In an effort to optimize and further explore structure-activity relationships (SAR) for this scaffold, we conducted an iterative chemistry campaign to synthesize and characterize novel analogs of MLS1547. The resulting analysis confirmed previously described SAR requirements for G protein-biased agonist activity and, importantly, elucidated new structural features that are critical for agonist efficacy and signaling bias of the MLS1547 scaffold. One of the most important determinants for G protein-biased signaling is the interaction of a hydrophobic moiety of the compound with a defined pocket formed by residues within transmembrane five and extracellular loop two of the D2R. These results shed new light on the mechanism of biased signaling of the D2R and may lead to improved functionally-selective molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lani S Chun
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rakesh H Vekariya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Neural Engineering Unit, Behavior Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Neural Engineering Unit, Behavior Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ping Su
- Molecular Neuroscience, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Molecular Neuroscience, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoon Namkung
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephane A Laporte
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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Kumar V, Moritz AE, Keck TM, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Sibley CD, Free RB, Shi L, Lane JR, Sibley DR, Newman AH. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel trans-Cyclopropylmethyl-Linked Bivalent Ligands That Exhibit Selectivity and Allosteric Pharmacology at the Dopamine D 3 Receptor (D 3R). J Med Chem 2017; 60:1478-1494. [PMID: 28186762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of bitopic ligands directed toward D2-like receptors has proven to be of particular interest to improve the selectivity and/or affinity of these ligands and as an approach to modulate and bias their efficacies. The structural similarities between dopamine D3 receptor (D3R)-selective molecules that display bitopic or allosteric pharmacology and those that are simply competitive antagonists are subtle and intriguing. Herein we synthesized a series of molecules in which the primary and secondary pharmacophores were derived from the D3R-selective antagonists SB269,652 (1) and SB277011A (2) whose structural similarity and pharmacological disparity provided the perfect templates for SAR investigation. Incorporating a trans-cyclopropylmethyl linker between pharmacophores and manipulating linker length resulted in the identification of two bivalent noncompetitive D3R-selective antagonists, 18a and 25a, which further delineates SAR associated with allosterism at D3R and provides leads toward novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Christopher D Sibley
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - J Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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23
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Michino M, Boateng CA, Donthamsetti P, Yano H, Bakare OM, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Keck TM, Kumar V, Zhu C, Verma R, Deschamps JR, Javitch JA, Newman AH, Shi L. Toward Understanding the Structural Basis of Partial Agonism at the Dopamine D 3 Receptor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:580-593. [PMID: 27983845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Both dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) partial agonists and antagonists have been implicated as potential medications for substance use disorders. In contrast to antagonists, partial agonists may cause fewer side effects since they maintain some dopaminergic tone and may be less disruptive to normal neuronal functions. Here, we report three sets of 4-phenylpiperazine stereoisomers that differ considerably in efficacy: the (R)-enantiomers are antagonists/weak partial agonists, whereas the (S)-enantiomers are much more efficacious. To investigate the structural basis of partial agonism, we performed comparative microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations starting from the inactive state of D3R in complex with these enantiomers. Analysis of the simulation results reveals common structural rearrangements near the ligand binding site induced by the bound (S)-enantiomers, but not by the (R)-enantiomers, that are features of partially activated receptor conformations. These receptor models bound with partial agonists may be useful for structure-based design of compounds with tailored efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Comfort A Boateng
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University , One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Clare Zhu
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ravi Verma
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory , Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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24
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Cai ZJ, Li FH, Wang SY, Ji SJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Arene/Alkyne Annulation: Synthesis of Fluorene-Benzoxazine Derivatives. Org Lett 2016; 18:4810-4813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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25
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Leggio GM, Bucolo C, Platania CBM, Salomone S, Drago F. Current drug treatments targeting dopamine D3 receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:164-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Kumar V, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Keck TM, Pommier E, Rais R, Slusher BS, Gardner E, You ZB, Xi ZX, Newman AH. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7634-50. [PMID: 27508895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent and precipitous increase in opioid analgesic abuse and overdose has inspired investigation of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) as a target for therapeutic intervention. Metabolic instability or predicted toxicity has precluded successful translation of previously reported D3R-selective antagonists to clinical use for cocaine abuse. Herein, we report a series of novel and D3R crystal structure-guided 4-phenylpiperazines with exceptionally high D3R affinities and/or selectivities with varying efficacies. Lead compound 19 was selected based on its in vitro profile: D3R Ki = 6.84 nM, 1700-fold D3R versus D2R binding selectivity, and its metabolic stability in mouse microsomes. Compound 19 inhibited oxycodone-induced hyperlocomotion in mice and reduced oxycodone-induced locomotor sensitization. In addition, pretreatment with 19 also dose-dependently inhibited the acquisition of oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. These findings support the D3R as a target for opioid dependence treatment and compound 19 as a new lead molecule for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical & Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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27
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Cortés A, Moreno E, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Canela EI, Casadó V. Targeting the dopamine D3 receptor: an overview of drug design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:641-64. [PMID: 27135354 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1185413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Its physiological effects are mediated by five closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are divided into two major subclasses: the D1-like (D1, D5) and the D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptors. D3 receptors (D3Rs) have the highest density in the limbic areas of the brain, which are associated with cognitive and emotional functions. These receptors are therefore attractive targets for therapeutic management. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the functional and pharmacological characteristics of D3Rs, including the design and clinical relevance of full agonists, partial agonists and antagonists, as well as the capacity of these receptors to form active homodimers, heterodimers or higher order receptor complexes as pharmacological targets in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. EXPERT OPINION The high sequence homology between D3R and the D2-type challenges the development of D3R-selective compounds. The design of new D3R-preferential ligands with improved physicochemical properties should provide a better pharmacokinetic/bioavailability profile and lesser toxicity than is found with existing D3R ligands. It is also essential to optimize D3R affinity and, especially, D3R vs. D2-type binding and functional selectivity ratios. Developing allosteric and bitopic ligands should help to improve the D3R selectivity of these drugs. As most evidence points to the ability of GPCRs to form homomers and heteromers, the most promising therapeutic strategy in the future is likely to involve the application of heteromer-selective drugs. These selective ligands would display different affinities for a given receptor depending on the receptor partners within the heteromer. Therefore, designing novel compounds that specifically target and modulate D1R-D3R heteromers would be an interesting approach for the treatment of levodopa (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Ruiz
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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28
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Butini S, Nikolic K, Kassel S, Brückmann H, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Gemma S, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Campiani G, Stark H. Polypharmacology of dopamine receptor ligands. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:68-103. [PMID: 27234980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most neurological diseases have a multifactorial nature and the number of molecular mechanisms discovered as underpinning these diseases is continuously evolving. The old concept of developing selective agents for a single target does not fit with the medical need of most neurological diseases. The development of designed multiple ligands holds great promises and appears as the next step in drug development for the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. Dopamine and its five receptor subtypes are intimately involved in numerous neurological disorders. Dopamine receptor ligands display a high degree of cross interactions with many other targets including G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes and ion channels. For brain disorders like Parkinsońs disease, schizophrenia and depression the dopaminergic system, being intertwined with many other signaling systems, plays a key role in pathogenesis and therapy. The concept of designed multiple ligands and polypharmacology, which perfectly meets the therapeutic needs for these brain disorders, is herein discussed as a general ligand-based concept while focusing on dopaminergic agents and receptor subtypes in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - K Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Kassel
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Brückmann
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Filipic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Brogi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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29
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Duan X, Zhang X, Xu B, Wang F, Lei M. Computational Study and Modified Design of Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:142-54. [PMID: 26851125 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptor (D3 R) is considered as a potential target for the treatment of nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Current research interests primarily focus on the discovery and design of potent D3 agonists. In this work, we selected 40 D3 R agonists as the research system. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), structure-selectivity relationship (3D-QSSR), and molecular docking was performed on D3 receptor agonists to obtain the details at atomic level. The results indicated that both the CoMFA model (r(2) = 0.982, q(2) = 0.503, rpred2 = 0.893, SEE = 0.057, F = 166.308) for structure-activity and (r(2) = 0.876, q(2) = 0.436, rpred2 = 0.828, F = 52.645) for structure-selectivity have good predictive capabilities. Furthermore, docking studies on three compounds binding to D3 receptor were performed to analyze the binding modes and interactions. The results elucidate that agonists formed hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with key residues. Finally, we designed six molecules under the guidance of 3D-QSAR/QSSR models. The activity and selectivity of designed molecules have been improved, and ADMET properties demonstrate they have low probability of hepatotoxicity (<0.5). These results from 3D-QSAR/QSSR and docking studies have great significance for designing novel dopamine D3 selective agonists in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Binglin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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30
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Chu XQ, Liu D, Xing ZH, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkenes with Organohalides. Org Lett 2016; 18:776-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Chu XQ, Xing ZH, Meng H, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Copper-mediated radical alkylarylation of unactivated alkenes with acetonitrile leading to fluorenes and pyrroloindoles. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-mediated/catalyzed selective oxidative dual C–H bond cleavage of an arene and alkylnitrile or acetone is reported. This method provides an alternative method for designing new pharmaceutical frameworks and photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Zhen-Hua Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Hua Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
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32
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Micoli A, De Simone A, Russo D, Ottonello G, Colombano G, Ruda GF, Bandiera T, Cavalli A, Bottegoni G. Aryl and heteroaryl N-[4-[4-(2,3-substituted-phenyl)piperazine-1-yl]alkyl]carbamates with improved physico-chemical properties as dual modulators of dopamine D3 receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving the physico-chemical profile of a MTDL series.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Micoli
- CompuNet
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - A. De Simone
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - D. Russo
- PharmaChemistry
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - G. Ottonello
- PharmaChemistry
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - G. Colombano
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit
- The Institute of Cancer Research
- Sutton
- UK
| | - G. F. Ruda
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC)
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX3 7DQ
- UK
- Target Discovery Institute (TDI)
| | - T. Bandiera
- PharmaChemistry
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - A. Cavalli
- CompuNet
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
- FaBit
| | - G. Bottegoni
- CompuNet
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
- BiKi Technologies S.r.l
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33
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Cao Y, Paudel S, Zhang X, Kim KM, Cheon SH. Synthesis and evaluation of arylpiperazine-reverse amides as biased dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Furman CA, Roof RA, Moritz AE, Miller BN, Doyle TB, Free RB, Banala AK, Paul NM, Kumar V, Sibley CD, Newman AH, Sibley DR. Investigation of the binding and functional properties of extended length D3 dopamine receptor-selective antagonists. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1448-61. [PMID: 25583363 PMCID: PMC4449328 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The D3 dopamine receptor represents an important target in drug addiction in that reducing receptor activity may attenuate the self-administration of drugs and/or disrupt drug or cue-induced relapse. Medicinal chemistry efforts have led to the development of D3 preferring antagonists and partial agonists that are >100-fold selective vs. the closely related D2 receptor, as best exemplified by extended-length 4-phenylpiperazine derivatives. Based on the D3 receptor crystal structure, these molecules are known to dock to two sites on the receptor where the 4-phenylpiperazine moiety binds to the orthosteric site and an extended aryl amide moiety docks to a secondary binding pocket. The bivalent nature of the receptor binding of these compounds is believed to contribute to their D3 selectivity. In this study, we examined if such compounds might also be "bitopic" such that their aryl amide moieties act as allosteric modulators to further enhance the affinities of the full-length molecules for the receptor. First, we deconstructed several extended-length D3-selective ligands into fragments, termed "synthons", representing either orthosteric or secondary aryl amide pharmacophores and investigated their effects on D3 receptor binding and function. The orthosteric synthons were found to inhibit radioligand binding and to antagonize dopamine activation of the D3 receptor, albeit with lower affinities than the full-length compounds. Notably, the aryl amide-based synthons had no effect on the affinities or potencies of the orthosteric synthons, nor did they have any effect on receptor activation by dopamine. Additionally, pharmacological investigation of the full-length D3-selective antagonists revealed that these compounds interacted with the D3 receptor in a purely competitive manner. Our data further support that the 4-phenylpiperazine D3-selective antagonists are bivalent and that their enhanced affinity for the D3 receptor is due to binding at both the orthosteric site as well as a secondary binding pocket. Importantly, however, their interactions at the secondary site do not allosterically modulate their binding to the orthosteric site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryse A Furman
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Roof
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brittney N Miller
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trevor B Doyle
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel M Paul
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D Sibley
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Boateng CA, Bakare OM, Zhan J, Banala AK, Burzynski C, Pommier E, Keck TM, Donthamsetti P, Javitch JA, Rais R, Slusher BS, Xi ZX, Newman AH. High Affinity Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R)-Selective Antagonists Attenuate Heroin Self-Administration in Wild-Type but not D3R Knockout Mice. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26203768 PMCID: PMC4937837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a promising
target for the development of pharmacotherapeutics to treat substance
use disorders. Several D3R-selective antagonists are effective
in animal models of drug abuse, especially in models of relapse. Nevertheless,
poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and/or predicted toxicity
have impeded success in translating these drug candidates to clinical
use. Herein, we report a series of D3R-selective 4-phenylpiperazines
with improved metabolic stability. A subset of these compounds was
evaluated for D3R functional efficacy and off-target binding
at selected 5-HT receptor subtypes, where significant overlap in SAR
with D3R has been observed. Several high affinity D3R antagonists, including compounds 16 (Ki = 0.12 nM) and 32 (Ki = 0.35 nM), showed improved metabolic stability
compared to the parent compound, PG648 (6). Notably, 16 and the classic D3R antagonist SB277011A (2) were effective in reducing self-administration of heroin
in wild-type but not D3R knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort A Boateng
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jia Zhan
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- ∥Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- ∥Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- §Department of Neurology, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- §Department of Neurology, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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36
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GPCR crystal structures: Medicinal chemistry in the pocket. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3880-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Michino M, Beuming T, Donthamsetti P, Newman AH, Javitch JA, Shi L. What can crystal structures of aminergic receptors tell us about designing subtype-selective ligands? Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:198-213. [PMID: 25527701 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that represent an important class of drug targets. In particular, aminergic GPCRs interact with a significant portion of drugs currently on the market. However, most drugs that target these receptors are associated with undesirable side effects, which are due in part to promiscuous interactions with close homologs of the intended target receptors. Here, based on a systematic analysis of all 37 of the currently available high-resolution crystal structures of aminergic GPCRs, we review structural elements that contribute to and can be exploited for designing subtype-selective compounds. We describe the roles of secondary binding pockets (SBPs), as well as differences in ligand entry pathways to the orthosteric binding site, in determining selectivity. In addition, using the available crystal structures, we have identified conformational changes in the SBPs that are associated with receptor activation and explore the implications of these changes for the rational development of selective ligands with tailored efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Thijs Beuming
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
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38
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Conroy JL, Free RB, Sibley DR. Identification of G protein-biased agonists that fail to recruit β-arrestin or promote internalization of the D1 dopamine receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:681-92. [PMID: 25660762 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) has been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, and D1R-selective ligands have potential as therapeutic agents. Previous studies have identified substituted benzazepines as D1R-selective agonists, but the in vivo effects of these compounds have not correlated well with their in vitro pharmacological activities. A series of substituted benzazepines, and structurally dissimilar D1R-selective agonists, were tested for their functional effects on D1R-mediated cAMP accumulation, D1R-promoted β-arrestin recruitment, and D1R internalization using live cell functional assays. All compounds tested elicited an increase in the level of cAMP accumulation, albeit with a range of efficacies. However, when the compounds were evaluated for β-arrestin recruitment, a subset of substituted benzazepines, SKF83959, SKF38393, SKF82957, SKF77434, and SKF75670, failed to activate this pathway, whereas the others showed similar activation efficacies as seen with cAMP accumulation. When tested as antagonists, the five biased compounds all inhibited dopamine-stimulated β-arrestin recruitment. Further, D1R internalization assays revealed a corroborating pattern of activity in that the G protein-biased compounds failed to promote D1R internalization. Interestingly, the biased signaling was unique for the D1R, as the same compounds were agonists of the related D5 dopamine receptor (D5R), but revealed no signaling bias. We have identified a group of substituted benzazepine ligands that are agonists at D1R-mediated G protein signaling, but antagonists of D1R recruitment of β-arrestin, and also devoid of agonist-induced receptor endocytosis. These data may be useful for interpreting the contrasting effects of these compounds in vitro versus in vivo, and also for the understanding of pathway-selective signaling of the D1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie L. Conroy
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section,
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section,
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section,
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
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39
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Keck TM, John WS, Czoty PW, Nader MA, Newman AH. Identifying Medication Targets for Psychostimulant Addiction: Unraveling the Dopamine D3 Receptor Hypothesis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5361-80. [PMID: 25826710 PMCID: PMC4516313 DOI: 10.1021/jm501512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a target for developing medications to treat substance use disorders. D3R-selective compounds with high affinity and varying efficacies have been discovered, providing critical research tools for cell-based studies that have been translated to in vivo models of drug abuse. D3R antagonists and partial agonists have shown especially promising results in rodent models of relapse-like behavior, including stress-, drug-, and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. However, to date, translation to human studies has been limited. Herein, we present an overview and illustrate some of the pitfalls and challenges of developing novel D3R-selective compounds toward clinical utility, especially for treatment of cocaine abuse. Future research and development of D3R-selective antagonists and partial agonists for substance abuse remains critically important but will also require further evaluation and development of translational animal models to determine the best time in the addiction cycle to target D3Rs for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - William S John
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Paul W Czoty
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Michael A Nader
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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40
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Meade JA, Free RB, Miller NR, Chun LS, Doyle TB, Moritz AE, Conroy JL, Watts VJ, Sibley DR. (-)-Stepholidine is a potent pan-dopamine receptor antagonist of both G protein- and β-arrestin-mediated signaling. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:917-30. [PMID: 25231919 PMCID: PMC5234683 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE (-)-Stepholidine is a tetrahydroberberine alkaloid that is known to interact with dopamine receptors and has also been proposed as a novel antipsychotic agent. Its suggested novelty lies in the fact that it has been proposed to have D1-like receptor agonist and D2-like receptor antagonist properties. Thus, it might be effective in treating both positive and negative (cognition) symptoms of schizophrenia. However, its activity on specific dopamine receptor subtypes has not been clarified, especially with respect to its ability to activate D1-like receptors. OBJECTIVES We wished to examine the affinity and functional activity of (-)-stepholidine at each of the human dopamine receptor subtypes expressed in a defined cellular environment. METHODS D1-D5 dopamine receptors were stably expressed in cell lines and their interactions with (-)-stepholidine were examined using radioligand binding and various functional signaling assays. Radioligand binding assays were also performed using bovine striatal membranes. RESULTS (-)-Stepholidine exhibited high (nM) affinity for D1 and D5 receptors, somewhat lower (two- to four-fold) affinity for D2 and D3 receptors, and low micromolar affinity for D4 receptors. Functionally, (-)-stepholidine was ineffective in activating G protein-mediated signaling of D1-like and D2 receptors and was also ineffective in stimulating β-arrestin recruitment to any dopamine receptor subtype. It did, however, antagonize all of these responses. It also antagonized D1-D2 heteromer-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization. Radioligand binding assays of D1-like receptors in brain membranes also indicated that (-)-stepholidine binds to the D1 receptor with antagonist-like properties. CONCLUSIONS (-)-Stepholidine is a pan-dopamine receptor antagonist and its in vivo effects are largely mediated through dopamine receptor blockade with potential cross-talk to other receptors or signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Meade
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4S-04, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9405, USA
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Keck TM, Banala AK, Slack RD, Burzynski C, Bonifazi A, Okunola-Bakare OM, Moore M, Deschamps JR, Rais R, Slusher BS, Newman AH. Using click chemistry toward novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4000-12. [PMID: 25650314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a target of pharmacotherapeutic interest in a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, and drug addiction. A common molecular template used in the development of D3R-selective antagonists and partial agonists incorporates a butylamide linker between two pharmacophores, a phenylpiperazine moiety and an extended aryl ring system. The series of compounds described herein incorporates a change to that chemical template, replacing the amide functional group in the linker chain with a 1,2,3-triazole group. Although the amide linker in the 4-phenylpiperazine class of D3R ligands has been previously deemed critical for high D3R affinity and selectivity, the 1,2,3-triazole moiety serves as a suitable bioisosteric replacement and maintains desired D3R-binding functionality of the compounds. Additionally, using mouse liver microsomes to evaluate CYP450-mediated phase I metabolism, we determined that novel 1,2,3-triazole-containing compounds modestly improves metabolic stability compared to amide-containing analogues. The 1,2,3-triazole moiety allows for the modular attachment of chemical subunit libraries using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry, increasing the range of chemical entities that can be designed, synthesized, and developed toward D3R-selective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Rachel D Slack
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Okunola-Bakare
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Martin Moore
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Paterson NE, Vocci F, Sevak RJ, Wagreich E, London ED. Dopamine D3 receptors as a therapeutic target for methamphetamine dependence. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 40:1-9. [PMID: 24359505 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2013.858723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) use disorders are major public health problems nationally and worldwide and treatment remains an unmet need. OBJECTIVES (1) To review preclinical and clinical studies identifying the dopamine D3 receptor as a therapeutic target for substance use disorders (SUDs), including MA dependence, (2) to consider buspirone (Buspar®) as a potential medication based on its dopamine D3 receptor antagonist properties, and (3) to evaluate the safety and initial efficacy of buspirone in a pilot study of MA-dependent individuals. METHODS Literature on the dopamine D3 receptor as a therapeutic target and on the potential of buspirone as a novel therapy for MA dependence was reviewed. The cardiovascular and subjective effects of intravenous MA challenge were assessed in five non-treatment seeking individuals. Participants met DSM-IV criteria for MA dependence and were treated subacutely (9 days) with buspirone (60 mg daily). RESULTS The literature identified the dopamine D3 receptor as a therapeutic target for MA dependence, a safe and approved medication, and a valuable opportunity to re-purpose buspirone for treating MA dependence and perhaps other SUDs. Pilot data (n = 5) indicated that buspirone is safe in MA-using individuals and comparison against historical placebo data from this laboratory suggested that at least some aspects of the subjective properties of MA may be diminished during buspirone treatment. CONCLUSION Future studies should include a small-scale, placebo-controlled Phase IIa trial of buspirone in MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E Paterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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43
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Peng X, Wang Q, Mishra Y, Xu J, Reichert DE, Malik M, Taylor M, Luedtke RR, Mach RH. Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of triazole containing dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:519-23. [PMID: 25556097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-methoxyphenyl piperazine analogues containing a triazole ring were synthesized and their in vitro binding affinities at human dopamine D2 and D3 receptors were evaluated. Compounds 5b, 5c, 5d, and 4g, demonstrate high affinity for dopamine D3 receptors and moderate selectivity for the dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor subtypes. To further examine their potential as therapeutic agents, their intrinsic efficacy at both D2 and D3 receptors was determined using a forskolin-dependent adenylyl cyclase inhibition assay. Affinity at dopamine D4 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors was also determined. In addition, information from previous molecular modeling studies of the binding of a panel of 163 structurally-related benzamide analogues at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors was applied to this series of compounds. The results of the modeling studies were consistent with our previous experimental data. More importantly, the modeling study results explained why the replacement of the amide linkage with the hetero-aromatic ring leads to a reduction in the affinity of these compounds at D3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - David E Reichert
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Maninder Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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Keck TM, Burzynski C, Shi L, Newman AH. Beyond small-molecule SAR: using the dopamine D3 receptor crystal structure to guide drug design. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 69:267-300. [PMID: 24484980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420118-7.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor is a target of pharmacotherapeutic interest in a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, restless leg syndrome, and drug addiction. The high protein sequence homology between the D3 and D2 receptors has posed a challenge to developing D3 receptor-selective ligands whose behavioral actions can be attributed to D3 receptor engagement, in vivo. However, through primarily small-molecule structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a variety of chemical scaffolds have been discovered over the past two decades that have resulted in several D3 receptor-selective ligands with high affinity and in vivo activity. Nevertheless, viable clinical candidates remain limited. The recent determination of the high-resolution crystal structure of the D3 receptor has invigorated structure-based drug design, providing refinements to the molecular dynamic models and testable predictions about receptor-ligand interactions. This chapter will highlight recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating potential utility of D3 receptor-selective ligands in the treatment of addiction. In addition, new structure-based rational drug design strategies for D3 receptor-selective ligands that complement traditional small-molecule SAR to improve the selectivity and directed efficacy profiles are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Ananthan S, Saini SK, Zhou G, Hobrath JV, Padmalayam I, Zhai L, Bostwick JR, Antonio T, Reith MEA, McDowell S, Cho E, McAleer L, Taylor M, Luedtke RR. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of a series of [4-(4-carboxamidobutyl)]-1-arylpiperazines: insights into structural features contributing to dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor subtype selectivity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7042-60. [PMID: 25126833 PMCID: PMC4148173 DOI: 10.1021/jm500801r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Antagonist and partial agonist modulators
of the dopamine D3 receptor
(D3R) have emerged as promising therapeutics for the treatment of
substance abuse and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, development
of druglike lead compounds with selectivity for the D3 receptor has
been challenging because of the high sequence homology between the
D3R and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). In this effort, we synthesized
a series of acylaminobutylpiperazines incorporating aza-aromatic units
and evaluated their binding and functional activities at the D3 and
D2 receptors. Docking studies and results from evaluations against
a set of chimeric and mutant receptors suggest that interactions at
the extracellular end of TM7 contribute to the D3R versus D2R selectivity
of these ligands. Molecular insights from this study could potentially
enable rational design of potent and selective D3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Ananthan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute , Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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Kumar V, Banala AK, Garcia EG, Cao J, Keck TM, Bonifazi A, Deschamps JR, Newman AH. Chiral Resolution and Serendipitous Fluorination Reaction for the Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonist BAK2-66. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:647-51. [PMID: 24944737 DOI: 10.1021/ml500006v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The improved chiral synthesis of the selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist (R)-N-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutyl)1H-indole-2-carboxamide (( R )-PG648) is described. The same chiral secondary alcohol intermediate was used to prepare the enantiomers of a 3-F-benzofuranyl analogue, BAK 2-66. The absolute configurations of the 3-F enantiomers were assigned from their X-ray crystal structures that confirmed retention of configuration during fluorination with N,N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). ( R )-BAK2-66 showed higher D3R affinity and selectivity than its (S)-enantiomer; however, it had lower D3R affinity and enantioselectivity than ( R )-PG648. Further, importance of the 4-atom linker length between the aryl amide and 4-phenylpiperazine was demonstrated with the 4-fluorobutyl-product (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K. Banala
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Erick G. Garcia
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M. Keck
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jeffery R. Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6030, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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47
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Free RB, Chun LS, Moritz AE, Miller BN, Doyle TB, Conroy JL, Padron A, Meade JA, Xiao J, Hu X, Dulcey AE, Han Y, Duan L, Titus S, Bryant-Genevier M, Barnaeva E, Ferrer M, Javitch JA, Beuming T, Shi L, Southall NT, Marugan JJ, Sibley DR. Discovery and characterization of a G protein-biased agonist that inhibits β-arrestin recruitment to the D2 dopamine receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:96-105. [PMID: 24755247 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput screening campaign was conducted to interrogate a 380,000+ small-molecule library for novel D2 dopamine receptor modulators using a calcium mobilization assay. Active agonist compounds from the primary screen were examined for orthogonal D2 dopamine receptor signaling activities including cAMP modulation and β-arrestin recruitment. Although the majority of the subsequently confirmed hits activated all signaling pathways tested, several compounds showed a diminished ability to stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. One such compound (MLS1547; 5-chloro-7-[(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]quinolin-8-ol) is a highly efficacious agonist at D2 receptor-mediated G protein-linked signaling, but does not recruit β-arrestin as demonstrated using two different assays. This compound does, however, antagonize dopamine-stimulated β-arrestin recruitment to the D2 receptor. In an effort to investigate the chemical scaffold of MLS1547 further, we characterized a set of 24 analogs of MLS1547 with respect to their ability to inhibit cAMP accumulation or stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. A number of the analogs were similar to MLS1547 in that they displayed agonist activity for inhibiting cAMP accumulation, but did not stimulate β-arrestin recruitment (i.e., they were highly biased). In contrast, other analogs displayed various degrees of G protein signaling bias. These results provided the basis to use pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking analyses to build a preliminary structure-activity relationship of the functionally selective properties of this series of compounds. In summary, we have identified and characterized a novel G protein-biased agonist of the D2 dopamine receptor and identified structural features that may contribute to its biased signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Lani S Chun
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Brittney N Miller
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Trevor B Doyle
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Jennie L Conroy
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Adrian Padron
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Julie A Meade
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Xin Hu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Yang Han
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Lihua Duan
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Steve Titus
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Melanie Bryant-Genevier
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Thijs Beuming
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Noel T Southall
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R.B.F., L.S.C., A.E.M., B.N.M., T.B.D., J.L.C., A.P., J.A.M., D.R.S.); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (J.X., X.H., A.E.D., S.T., M.B.-G., E.B., M.F., N.T.S., J.J.M.); Cellular, Molecular, Developmental Biology & Biophysics Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (L.S.C.); Center for Molecular Recognition and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (Y.H., L.D., J.A.J.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); and Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (L.S.)
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48
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Xiao J, Free RB, Barnaeva E, Conroy JL, Doyle T, Miller B, Bryant-Genevier M, Taylor MK, Hu X, Dulcey AE, Southall N, Ferrer M, Titus S, Zheng W, Sibley DR, Marugan JJ. Discovery, optimization, and characterization of novel D2 dopamine receptor selective antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3450-63. [PMID: 24666157 PMCID: PMC4315423 DOI: 10.1021/jm500126s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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The
D2 dopamine receptor (D2 DAR) is one of the most validated drug targets
for neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders. However, clinically
approved drugs targeting D2 DAR display poor selectivity between the
D2 and other receptors, especially the D3 DAR. This lack of selectivity
may lead to undesirable side effects. Here we describe the chemical
and pharmacological characterization of a novel D2 DAR antagonist
series with excellent D2 versus D1, D3, D4, and D5 receptor selectivity.
The final probe 65 was obtained through a quantitative
high-throughput screening campaign, followed by medicinal chemistry
optimization, to yield a selective molecule with good in vitro physical
properties, metabolic stability, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The
optimized molecule may be a useful in vivo probe for studying D2 DAR
signal modulation and could also serve as a lead compound for the
development of D2 DAR-selective druglike molecules for the treatment
of multiple neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Xiao
- Discovery Innovation, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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49
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Du P, Xu L, Huang J, Yu K, Zhao R, Gao B, Jiang H, Zhao W, Zhen X, Fu W. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of indolebutylamines as a novel class of selective dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 82:326-35. [PMID: 23663349 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of indolebutylamine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as a novel class of selective ligands for the dopamine 3 receptor. The most potent compound 11q binds to dopamine 3 receptor with a Ki value of 124 nm and displays excellent selectivity over the dopamine 1 receptor and dopamine 2 receptor. Investigation based on structural information indicates that site S182 located in extracellular loop 2 may account for high selectivity of compounds. Interaction models of the dopamine 3 receptor-11q complex and structure-activity relationships were discussed by integrating all available experimental and computational data with the eventual aim to discover potent and selective ligands to dopamine 3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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50
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Modi G, Antonio T, Reith M, Dutta A. Structural modifications of neuroprotective anti-Parkinsonian (-)-N6-(2-(4-(biphenyl-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl)-N6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2,6-diamine (D-264): an effort toward the improvement of in vivo efficacy of the parent molecule. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1557-72. [PMID: 24471976 PMCID: PMC3983390 DOI: 10.1021/jm401883v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In our overall goal to develop multifunctional dopamine D2/D3 agonist drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), we previously synthesized potent D3 preferring agonist D-264 (1a), which exhibited neuroprotective properties in two animal models of PD. To enhance the in vivo efficacy of 1a, a structure-activity relationship study was carried out. Competitive binding and [(35)S]GTPγS functional assays identified compound (-)-9b as one of the lead molecules with preferential D3 agonist activity (EC50(GTPγS); D3 = 0.10 nM; D2/D3 (EC50): 159). Compounds (-)-9b and (-)-8b exhibited high in vivo activity in two PD animal models, reserpinized and 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced unilateral lesioned rats. On the other hand, 1a failed to show any in vivo activity in these models unless the compound was dissolved in 5-10% beta-hydroxy propyl cyclodextrin solution. Lead compounds exhibited appreciable radical scavenging activity. In vitro experiments with dopaminergic MN9D cells indicated neuroprotection by both 1a and (-)-9b from toxicity of MPP+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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