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Wang Z, Liu H. Roles of Lysine Methylation in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: Functions, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2024; 14:862. [PMID: 39062577 PMCID: PMC11274642 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose and lipid metabolism are essential energy sources for the body. Dysregulation in these metabolic pathways is a significant risk factor for numerous acute and chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Alzheimer's disease (AD), obesity, and cancer. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), which regulate protein structure, localization, function, and activity, play a crucial role in managing cellular glucose and lipid metabolism. Among these PTMs, lysine methylation stands out as a key dynamic modification vital for the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. Emerging evidence indicates that lysine methylation significantly impacts glucose and lipid metabolism by modifying key enzymes and proteins. This review summarizes the current understanding of lysine methylation's role and regulatory mechanisms in glucose and lipid metabolism. We highlight the involvement of methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) in generating abnormal methylation signals affecting these metabolic pathways. Additionally, we discuss the chemical biology and pharmacology of KMT and KDM inhibitors and targeted protein degraders, emphasizing their clinical implications for diseases such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers. This review suggests that targeting lysine methylation in glucose and lipid metabolism could be an ideal therapeutic strategy for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huadong Liu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China;
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2
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Yang C, Li B, Feng Z, Li H, Yang H, Yang Z, Liu L, Shi Q, Wang H, Chen ZZ, Huang X, Wang J, Wang Y. Discovery of a Highly Potent Lysine Methyltransferases G9a/NSD2 Dual Inhibitor to Treat Solid Tumors. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39008565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Both G9a and NSD2 have been recognized as promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, G9a inhibitors only showed moderate inhibitory activity against solid tumors and NSD2 inhibitors were limited to the treatment of hematological malignancies. Inspired by the advantages of dual-target inhibitors that show great potential in enhancing efficiency, we developed a series of highly potent G9a/NSD2 dual inhibitors to treat solid tumors. The candidate 16 demonstrated much enhanced antiproliferative activity compared to the selective G9a inhibitor 3 and NSD2 inhibitor 15. In addition, it exhibited superior potency in inhibiting colony formation, inducing cell apoptosis, and blocking cancer cell metastasis. Furthermore, it effectively inhibited the catalytic functions of both G9a and NSD2 in cells and exhibited significant antitumor efficacy in the PANC-1 xenograft model with good safety. Therefore, compound 16 as a highly potent G9a/NSD2 dual inhibitor presents an attractive anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Yang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bang Li
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongbo Feng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huaxuan Li
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiao Yang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Liu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiongyu Shi
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhong-Zhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Kaiser J, Gertzen CGW, Bernauer T, Nitsche V, Höfner G, Niessen KV, Seeger T, Paintner FF, Wanner KT, Steinritz D, Worek F, Gohlke H. Identification of ligands binding to MB327-PAM-1, a binding pocket relevant for resensitization of nAChRs. Toxicol Lett 2024; 398:91-104. [PMID: 38768836 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) can be induced by overstimulation with acetylcholine (ACh) caused by an insufficient degradation of ACh after poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPCs). Currently, there is no generally applicable treatment for OPC poisoning that directly targets the desensitized nAChR. The bispyridinium compound MB327, an allosteric modulator of nAChR, has been shown to act as a resensitizer of nAChRs, indicating that drugs binding directly to nAChRs can have beneficial effects after OPC poisoning. However, MB327 also acts as an inhibitor of nAChRs at higher concentrations and can thus not be used for OPC poisoning treatment. Consequently, novel, more potent resensitizers are required. To successfully design novel ligands, the knowledge of the binding site is of utmost importance. Recently, we performed in silico studies to identify a new potential binding site of MB327, MB327-PAM-1, for which a more affine ligand, UNC0646, has been described. In this work, we performed ligand-based screening approaches to identify novel analogs of UNC0646 to help further understand the structure-affinity relationship of this compound class. Furthermore, we used structure-based screenings and identified compounds representing four new chemotypes binding to MB327-PAM-1. One of these compounds, cycloguanil, is the active metabolite of the antimalaria drug proguanil and shows a higher affinity towards MB327-PAM-1 than MB327. Furthermore, cycloguanil can reestablish the muscle force in soman-inhibited rat muscles. These results can act as a starting point to develop more potent resensitizers of nAChR and to close the gap in the treatment after OPC poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesko Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tamara Bernauer
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Valentin Nitsche
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin V Niessen
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Seeger
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz F Paintner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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4
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Hassanie H, Penteado AB, de Almeida LC, Calil RL, da Silva Emery F, Costa-Lotufo LV, Trossini GHG. SETDB1 as a cancer target: challenges and perspectives in drug design. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1424-1451. [PMID: 38799223 PMCID: PMC11113007 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome stability is governed by chromatin structural dynamics, which modify DNA accessibility under the influence of intra- and inter-nucleosomal contacts, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and variations, besides the activity of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers. These are the main ways by which chromatin dynamics are regulated and connected to nuclear processes, which when dysregulated can frequently be associated with most malignancies. Recently, functional crosstalk between histone modifications and chromatin remodeling has emerged as a critical regulatory method of transcriptional regulation during cell destiny choice. Therefore, improving therapeutic outcomes for patients by focusing on epigenetic targets dysregulated in malignancies should help prevent cancer cells from developing resistance to anticancer treatments. For this reason, SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1) has gained a lot of attention recently as a cancer target. SETDB1 is a histone lysine methyltransferase that plays an important role in marking euchromatic and heterochromatic regions. Hence, it promotes the silencing of tumor suppressor genes and contributes to carcinogenesis. Some studies revealed that SETDB1 was overexpressed in various human cancer types, which enhanced tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, SETDB1 appears to be an attractive epigenetic target for new cancer treatments. In this review, we have discussed the effects of its overexpression on the progression of tumors and the development of inhibitor drugs that specifically target this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Hassanie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flávio da Silva Emery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo Brazil
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Zheng X, Zhou C, Hu Y, Xu S, Hu L, Li B, Zhao X, Li Q, Tang X, Huang K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analysis Unveils PTPRS Inhibits Proliferation and Inflammatory Response of Keratinocytes in Psoriasis. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02044-z. [PMID: 38739342 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we used data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) to analyze the serum proteome in psoriasis vulgaris (PsO). The serum proteomes of seven healthy controls and eight patients with PsO were analyzed using DIA-MS. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were closely related to PsO. Hub proteins of PsO were also identified. The Proteomics Drug Atlas 2023 was used to predict candidate hub protein drugs. To confirm the expression of the candidate factor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor S (PTPRS), in psoriatic lesions and the psoriatic keratinocyte model, immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were performed. A total of 129 DEPs were found to be closely related to PsO. The hub proteins for PsO were PVRL1, FGFR1, PTPRS, CDH2, CDH1, MCAM, and THY1. Five candidate hub protein drugs were identified: encorafenib, leupeptin, fedratinib, UNC 0631, and SCH 530348. PTPRS was identified as a common pharmacological target for these five drugs. PTPRS knockdown in keratinocytes promoted the proliferation and expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-23A, TNF-α, MMP9, CXCL8, and S100A9. PTPRS expression was decreased in PsO, and PTPRS negatively regulated PsO. PTPRS may be involved in PsO pathogenesis through the inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory responses and is a potential treatment target for PsO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyu Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Jana A, Naga R, Saha S, Griñán-Ferré C, Banerjee DR. Integration of ligand and structure-based pharmacophore screening for the identification of novel natural leads against Euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2/G9a). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3535-3562. [PMID: 37216299 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2213346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a blended ligand and structure-based pharmacophore screening approach to identify new natural leads against the Protein Lysine Methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2/G9a). The EHMT2/G9a has been associated with Cancer, Alzheimer's, and aging and is considered an emerging drug target having no clinically passed inhibitor. Purposefully, we developed the ligand-based pharmacophore (Pharmacophore-L) based on the common features of known inhibitors and the structure-based pharmacophore (Pharmacophore-S) based on the interaction profile of available crystal structures. The Pharmacophore-L and Pharmacophore-S were subjected to multiple tiers of validations and utilized in combination for the screening of total 741543 compounds coming from multiple databases. Additional layers of stringency were applied in the screening process to test drug-likeness (using Lipinski's rule, Veber's rule, SMARTS and ADMET filtration), to rule out any toxicity (TOPKAT analysis). The interaction profiles, stabilities, and comparative analysis against the reference were carried out by flexible docking, MD simulation, and MM-GBSA analysis, which finally led to three leads as potential inhibitors of G9a.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Jana
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Rahul Naga
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deb Ranjan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
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7
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de Groot AP, de Haan G. How CBX proteins regulate normal and leukemic blood cells. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38426219 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions are dictated by epigenetic landscapes. The Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) represses genes that induce differentiation, thereby maintaining HSC self-renewal. Depending on which chromobox (CBX) protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, or CBX8) is part of the PRC1 complex, HSC fate decisions differ. Here, we review how this occurs. We describe how CBX proteins dictate age-related changes in HSCs and stimulate oncogenic HSC fate decisions, either as canonical PRC1 members or by alternative interactions, including non-epigenetic regulation. CBX2, CBX7, and CBX8 enhance leukemia progression. To target, reprogram, and kill leukemic cells, we suggest and describe multiple therapeutic strategies to interfere with the epigenetic functions of oncogenic CBX proteins. Future studies should clarify to what extent the non-epigenetic function of cytoplasmic CBX proteins is important for normal, aged, and leukemic blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P de Groot
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Nitsche V, Höfner G, Kaiser J, Gertzen CGW, Seeger T, Niessen KV, Steinritz D, Worek F, Gohlke H, Paintner FF, Wanner KT. MS Binding Assays with UNC0642 as reporter ligand for the MB327 binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Toxicol Lett 2024; 392:94-106. [PMID: 38216073 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Intoxications with organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) based chemical warfare agents and insecticides may result in a detrimental overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors evolving into a cholinergic crisis leading to death due to respiratory failure. In the case of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), overstimulation leads to a desensitization of the receptor, which cannot be pharmacologically treated so far. Still, compounds interacting with the MB327 binding site of the nAChR like the bispyridinium salt MB327 have been found to re-establish the functional activity of the desensitized receptor. Only recently, a series of quinazoline derivatives with UNC0642 as one of the most prominent representatives has been identified to address the MB327 binding site of the nAChR, as well. In this study, UNC0642 has been utilized as a reporter ligand to establish new Binding Assays for this target. These assays follow the concept of MS Binding Assays for which by assessing the amount of bound reporter ligand by mass spectrometry no radiolabeled material is required. According to the results of the performed MS Binding Assays comprising saturation and competition experiments it can be concluded, that UNC0642 used as a reporter ligand addresses the MB327 binding site of the Torpedo-nAChR. This is further supported by the outcome of ex vivo studies carried out with poisoned rat diaphragm muscles as well as by in silico studies predicting the binding mode of UNC0646, an analog of UNC0642 with the highest binding affinity, in the recently proposed binding site of MB327 (MB327-PAM-1). With UNC0642 addressing the MB327 binding site of the Torpedo-nAChR, this and related quinazoline derivatives represent a promising starting point for the development of novel ligands of the nAChR as antidotes for the treatment of intoxications with organophosphorus compounds. Further, the new MS Binding Assays are a potent alternative to established assays and of particular value, as they do not require the use of radiolabeled material and are based on a commercially available compound as reporter ligand, UNC0642, exhibiting one of the highest binding affinities for the MB327 binding site known so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Nitsche
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jesko Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Seeger
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin V Niessen
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Bio, and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Franz F Paintner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Gervasoni S, Manelfi C, Adobati S, Talarico C, Biswas AD, Pedretti A, Vistoli G, Beccari AR. Target Prediction by Multiple Virtual Screenings: Analyzing the SARS-CoV-2 Phenotypic Screening by the Docking Simulations Submitted to the MEDIATE Initiative. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:450. [PMID: 38203621 PMCID: PMC10779154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic screenings are usually combined with deconvolution techniques to characterize the mechanism of action for the retrieved hits. These studies can be supported by various computational analyses, although docking simulations are rarely employed. The present study aims to assess if multiple docking calculations can prove successful in target prediction. In detail, the docking simulations submitted to the MEDIATE initiative are utilized to predict the viral targets involved in the hits retrieved by a recently published cytopathic screening. Multiple docking results are combined by the EFO approach to develop target-specific consensus models. The combination of multiple docking simulations enhances the performances of the developed consensus models (average increases in EF1% value of 40% and 25% when combining three and two docking runs, respectively). These models are able to propose reliable targets for about half of the retrieved hits (31 out of 59). Thus, the study emphasizes that docking simulations might be effective in target identification and provide a convincing validation for the collaborative strategies that inspire the MEDIATE initiative. Disappointingly, cross-target and cross-program correlations suggest that common scoring functions are not specific enough for the simulated target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gervasoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (S.A.); (A.P.)
- Department of Physics, Università di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Candida Manelfi
- EXSCALATE, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.M.); (C.T.); (A.D.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Sara Adobati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (S.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Carmine Talarico
- EXSCALATE, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.M.); (C.T.); (A.D.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Akash Deep Biswas
- EXSCALATE, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.M.); (C.T.); (A.D.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Alessandro Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (S.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (S.G.); (S.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea R. Beccari
- EXSCALATE, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; (C.M.); (C.T.); (A.D.B.); (A.R.B.)
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10
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Jana A, Naga R, Saha S, Banerjee DR. 3D QSAR pharmacophore based lead identification of G9a lysine methyltransferase towards epigenetic therapeutics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8635-8653. [PMID: 36264111 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2135600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The G9a, Lysine Methyltransferase that methylates the histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) of the nucleosome, is an excellent epigenetic target having no clinically passed inhibitor currently owing to adverse in vivo ADMET toxicities. In this work, we have carried out detailed computational investigations to find novel and safer lead against the target using advanced 3 D QSAR pharmacophore screening of databases containing more than 400000 entrees of natural compounds. The screening was conducted at different levels at increasing stringencies by employing pharmacophore mapping, druglikenesses and interaction profiles of the selected to identify potential hit compounds. The potential hits were further screened by advanced flexible docking, ADME and toxicity analysis to eight hit compounds. Based on the comparative analysis of the hits with the reference inhibitor, we identified one lead inhibitor against the G9a, having better binding efficacy and a safer ADMET profile than the reference inhibitor. Finally, the results were further verified using robust molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA binding energy calculation. The natural compounds are generally considered benign due to their long human uses and this is the first attempt of in silico screening of a large natural compound library against G9a to our best knowledge. Therefore, the finding of this study may add value towards the development of epigenetic therapeutics against the G9a.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Jana
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Rahul Naga
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Deb Ranjan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
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11
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Li L, Zeng X, Chao Z, Luo J, Guan W, Zhang Q, Ge Y, Wang Y, Xiong Z, Ma S, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Tian J, Horne D, Yuh B, Hu Z, Wei G, Wang B, Zhang X, Lan P, Wang Z. Targeting Alpha-Ketoglutarate Disruption Overcomes Immunoevasion and Improves PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301975. [PMID: 37526345 PMCID: PMC10520657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect-related metabolic dysfunction of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle has emerged as a hallmark of various solid tumors, particularly renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is characterized by high immune infiltration and thus recommended for immunotherapeutic interventions at an advanced stage in clinical guidelines. Nevertheless, limited benefits of immunotherapy have prompted investigations into underlying mechanisms, leading to the proposal of metabolic dysregulation-induced immunoevasion as a crucial contributor. In this study, a significant decrease is found in the abundance of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG), a crucial intermediate metabolite in the TCA cycle, which is correlated with higher grades and a worse prognosis in clinical RCC samples. Elevated levels of αKG promote major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) antigen processing and presentation, as well as the expression of β2-microglobulin (B2M). While αKG modulates broad-spectrum demethylation activities of histone, the transcriptional upregulation of B2M is dependent on the demethylation of H3K4me1 in its promoter region. Furthermore, the combination of αKG supplementation and PD-1 blockade leads to improved therapeutic efficacy and prolongs survival in murine models when compared to monotherapy. Overall, the findings elucidate the mechanisms of immune evasion in anti-tumor immunotherapies and suggest a potential combinatorial treatment strategy in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Institute of Organ TransplantationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationMinistry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430030China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zheng Chao
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
- Institute of Organ TransplantationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationMinistry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430030China
| | - Jing Luo
- Institute of Reproductive HealthCenter for Reproductive MedicineTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030P.R. China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Yue Ge
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zezhong Xiong
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Junbiao Zhang
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular MedicineBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA91010USA
| | - Bertram Yuh
- Department of Molecular MedicineBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeDuarteCA91010USA
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Gong‐Hong Wei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Urologythe Third Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalNo.39 Yongding RoadBeijing100039China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urologythe Third Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalNo.39 Yongding RoadBeijing100039China
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Institute of Organ TransplantationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationMinistry of EducationNHC Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of Organ TransplantationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430030China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
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12
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Jan S, Dar MI, Shankar G, Wani R, Sandey J, Balgotra S, Mudassir S, Dar MJ, Sawant SD, Akhter Y, Syed SH. Discovery of SDS-347 as a specific peptide competitive inhibitor of G9a with promising anti-cancer potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130399. [PMID: 37295690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G9a is a histone H3K9 methyltransferase enzyme found highly upregulated in many cancers. H3 binds to the rigid I-SET domain and the cofactor, S-adenosyl methionine, binds to the flexible post-SET domain of G9a. Inhibition of G9a is known to inhibit the growth of cancer cell-lines. METHODS Recombinant G9a and H3 were used to develop radioisotope-based inhibitor screening assay. The identified inhibitor was evaluated for isoform selectivity. The mode of enzymatic inhibition was studied by enzymatic assays and bioinformatics. Anti-proliferative activity of the inhibitor was studied in cancer cell lines by utilizing MTT assay. The mechanism of cell death was studied by western blotting and microscopy. RESULTS We developed a robust G9a inhibitor screening assay that led to the discovery of SDS-347 as a potent G9a inhibitor with IC50 of 3.06 μM. It was shown to reduce the levels of H3K9me2 in cell-based assay. The inhibitor was found to be peptide competitive and highly specific as it did not show any significant inhibition of other histone methyltransferases and DNA methyltransferase. Docking studies showed that SDS-347 could form direct bonding interaction with Asp1088 of the peptide-binding site. SDS-347 showed anti-proliferative effect against various cancer cell lines especially the K562 cells. Our data suggested that SDS-347 mediated antiproliferative action via ROS generation, induction of autophagy and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings of the current study include development of a new G9a inhibitor screening assay and identification of SDS-347, as a novel, peptide competitive and highly specific G9a inhibitor with promising anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraya Jan
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohd I Dar
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gauri Shankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rubiada Wani
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jagjeet Sandey
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shilpi Balgotra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Syed Mudassir
- High Content Imaging Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, India
| | - Mohd J Dar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sajad H Syed
- CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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13
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Feng Z, Yang C, Zhang Y, Li H, Fang W, Wang J, Nie Y, Wang CY, Liu Z, Jiang Z, Wang J, Wang Y. Structure-Based Design and Characterization of the Highly Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitors Targeting the Lysine Methyltransferases G9a/GLP. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37268593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP, which catalyze mono- and di-methylation of histone H3K9 and nonhistone proteins, play important roles in diverse cellular processes. Overexpression or dysregulation of G9a and GLP has been identified in various types of cancer. Here, we report the discovery of a highly potent and selective covalent inhibitor 27 of G9a/GLP via the structure-based drug design approach following structure-activity relationship exploration and cellular potency optimization. Mass spectrometry assays and washout experiments confirmed its covalent inhibition mechanism. Compound 27 displayed improved potency in inhibiting the proliferation and colony formation of PANC-1 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and exhibited enhanced potency in reducing the levels of H3K9me2 in cells compared to noncovalent inhibitor 26. In vivo, 27 showed significant antitumor efficacy in the PANC-1 xenograft model with good safety. These results clearly indicate that 27 is a highly potent and selective covalent inhibitor of G9a/GLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbo Feng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Chunju Yang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huaxuan Li
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junhua Wang
- The Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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14
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Huang M, Xu S, Li Y, Shang L, Zhan X, Qin C, Su J, Zhao Z, He Y, Qin L, Zhao W, Long W, Liu Q. Novel Human Meningioma Organoids Recapitulate the Aggressiveness of the Initiating Cell Subpopulations Identified by ScRNA-Seq. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205525. [PMID: 36994665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
High-grade meningioma has an unsatisfactory outcome despite surgery and postoperative radiotherapy; however, the factors driving its malignancy and recurrence remain largely unknown, which limits the development of systemic treatments. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technology is a powerful tool for studying intratumoral cellular heterogeneity and revealing the roles of various cell types in oncogenesis. In this study, scRNA-Seq is used to identify a unique initiating cell subpopulation (SULT1E1+ ) in high-grade meningiomas. This subpopulation modulates the polarization of M2-type macrophages and promotes meningioma progression and recurrence. A novel patient-derived meningioma organoid (MO) model is established to characterize this unique subpopulation. The resulting MOs fully retain the aggressiveness of SULT1E1+ and exhibit invasiveness in the brain after orthotopic transplantation. By targeting SULT1E1+ in MOs, the synthetic compound SRT1720 is identified as a potential agent for systemic treatment and radiation sensitization. These findings shed light on the mechanism underlying the malignancy of high-grade meningiomas and provide a novel therapeutic target for refractory high-grade meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Shao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe Li
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Pathology in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiudan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyin Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zijin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Qin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
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15
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Zhu HP, Chai J, Qin R, Leng HJ, Wen X, Peng C, He G, Han B. Discovery of tetrahydrofuranyl spirooxindole-based SMYD3 inhibitors against gastric cancer via inducing lethal autophagy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115009. [PMID: 36527933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SMYD3 is a histone methyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation, and its overexpression in various forms of cancer justifies that blocking SMYD3 functions can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Herein, a series of novel tetrahydrofuranyl spirooxindoles were designed and synthesized based on a structure-based drug design strategy. Subsequent biochemical analysis suggested that these novel SMYD3 inhibitors showed good anticancer activity against stomach adenocarcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 7r exhibited potent inhibitory capacities against SMYD3 and BGC823 cells with IC50 values of 0.81 and 0.75 μM, respectively. Mechanistic investigations showed that 7r could suppress Akt methylation and activation by SMYD3 and trigger lethal autophagic flux inhibition via the Akt-mTOR pathway. Collectively, our results may bridge the rational discovery of privileged structures, epigenetic targeting of SMYD3, and regulation of autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jinlong Chai
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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16
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Medicinal Chemistry of Anti-HIV-1 Latency Chemotherapeutics: Biotargets, Binding Modes and Structure-Activity Relationship Investigation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010003. [PMID: 36615199 PMCID: PMC9822059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The existence of latent viral reservoirs (LVRs), also called latent cells, has long been an acknowledged stubborn hurdle for effective treatment of HIV-1/AIDS. This stable and heterogeneous reservoir, which mainly exists in resting memory CD4+ T cells, is not only resistant to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but cannot be detected by the immune system, leading to rapid drug resistance and viral rebound once antiviral treatment is interrupted. Accordingly, various functional cure strategies have been proposed to combat this barrier, among which one of the widely accepted and utilized protocols is the so-called 'shock-and-kill' regimen. The protocol begins with latency-reversing agents (LRAs), either alone or in combination, to reactivate the latent HIV-1 proviruses, then eliminates them by viral cytopathic mechanisms (e.g., currently available antiviral drugs) or by the immune killing function of the immune system (e.g., NK and CD8+ T cells). In this review, we focuse on the currently explored small molecular LRAs, with emphasis on their mechanism-directed drug targets, binding modes and structure-relationship activity (SAR) profiles, aiming to provide safer and more effective remedies for treating HIV-1 infection.
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17
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Arumugam GS, Damodharan K, Doble M, Thennarasu S. Significant perspectives on various viral infections targeted antiviral drugs and vaccines including COVID-19 pandemicity. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:21. [PMID: 35838929 PMCID: PMC9283561 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A virus enters a living organism and recruits host metabolism to reproduce its own genome and proteins. The viral infections are intricate and cannot be completely removed through existing antiviral drugs. For example, the herpes, influenza, hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viruses are a few dreadful ones amongst them. Significant studies are needed to understand the viral entry and their growth in host cells to design effective antivirals. This review emphasizes the range of therapeutical antiviral drugs, inhibitors along with vaccines to fight against viral pathogens, especially for combating COVID-19. Moreover, we have provided the basic and in depth information about viral targets, drugs availability, their mechanisms of action, method of prevention of viral diseases and highlighted the significances of anticoagulants, convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment, scientific details of airborne transmission, characteristics of antiviral drug delivery using nanoparticles/carriers, nanoemulsions, nanogels, metal based nanoparticles, alike the future nanosystems through nanobubbles, nanofibers, nanodiamonds, nanotraps, nanorobots and eventually, the therapeutic applications of micro- and nanoparticulates, current status for clinical development against COVID-19 together with environmental implications of antivirals, gene therapy etc., which may be useful for repurposing and designing of novel antiviral drugs against various dreadful diseases, especially the SARS-CoV-2 and other associated variants.
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18
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Karami Fath M, Babakhaniyan K, Anjomrooz M, Jalalifar M, Alizadeh SD, Pourghasem Z, Abbasi Oshagh P, Azargoonjahromi A, Almasi F, Manzoor HZ, Khalesi B, Pourzardosht N, Khalili S, Payandeh Z. Recent Advances in Glioma Cancer Treatment: Conventional and Epigenetic Realms. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091448. [PMID: 36146527 PMCID: PMC9501259 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most typical and aggressive form of primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis. Successful glioma treatment is hampered by ineffective medication distribution across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the emergence of drug resistance. Although a few FDA-approved multimodal treatments are available for glioblastoma, most patients still have poor prognoses. Targeting epigenetic variables, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and different vaccine- and peptide-based treatments are some innovative approaches to improve anti-glioma treatment efficacy. Following the identification of lymphatics in the central nervous system, immunotherapy offers a potential method with the potency to permeate the blood-brain barrier. This review will discuss the rationale, tactics, benefits, and drawbacks of current glioma therapy options in clinical and preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran
| | - Kimiya Babakhaniyan
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996713883, Iran
| | - Mehran Anjomrooz
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran
| | | | | | - Zeinab Pourghasem
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Lahijan, Gilan 4416939515, Iran
| | - Parisa Abbasi Oshagh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer 6571995863, Iran
| | - Ali Azargoonjahromi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7417773539, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1411734115, Iran
| | - Hafza Zahira Manzoor
- Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Via jean Henry Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 4193713111, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Z.P.)
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19
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Su P, Wang H, Liu C, Zhou J. Augmented Production of Platelets From Cord Blood With Euchromatic Histone Lysine Methyltransferase Inhibition. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:946-958. [PMID: 35880582 PMCID: PMC9492236 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) have emerged as a promising supply for functional platelets to potentially alleviate the increasing demand for platelet transfusions, but the clinical application has been limited by the undefined molecular mechanism and insufficient platelet production. Here, we performed single-cell profiling of more than 16 160 cells to construct a dynamic molecular landscape of human megakaryopoiesis from CB-HSPCs, enabling us to uncover, for the first time, cellular heterogeneity and unique features of neonatal megakaryocytes (MKs) and to also offer unique resources for the scientific community. By using this model, we defined the genetic programs underlying the differentiation process from megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) to MKs via megakaryocyte progenitors (MKPs) and identified inhibitors of euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase (EHMT), which, when applied at the early stage of differentiation, significantly increase the final platelet production. At the mechanistic level, we found that EHMT inhibitors act to selectively induce the expansion of MEPs and MKPs. Together, we uncover new mechanistic insights into human megakaryopoiesis and provide a novel chemical strategy for future large-scale generation and clinical applications of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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20
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Park KS, Xiong Y, Yim H, Velez J, Babault N, Kumar P, Liu J, Jin J. Discovery of the First-in-Class G9a/GLP Covalent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10506-10522. [PMID: 35763668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The highly homologous protein lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP, which catalyze mono- and dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), have been implicated in various human diseases. To investigate functions of G9a and GLP in human diseases, we and others reported several noncovalent reversible small-molecule inhibitors of G9a and GLP. Here, we report the discovery of the first-in-class G9a/GLP covalent irreversible inhibitors, 1 and 8 (MS8511), by targeting a cysteine residue at the substrate binding site. We characterized these covalent inhibitors in enzymatic, mass spectrometry based and cellular assays and using X-ray crystallography. Compared to the noncovalent G9a/GLP inhibitor UNC0642, covalent inhibitor 8 displayed improved potency in enzymatic and cellular assays. Interestingly, compound 8 also displayed potential kinetic preference for covalently modifying G9a over GLP. Collectively, compound 8 could be a useful chemical tool for studying the functional roles of G9a and GLP by covalently modifying and inhibiting these methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Su Park
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Hyerin Yim
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Julia Velez
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Prashasti Kumar
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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21
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7-Aminoalkoxy-Quinazolines from Epigenetic Focused Libraries Are Potent and Selective Inhibitors of DNA Methyltransferase 1. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092892. [PMID: 35566242 PMCID: PMC9102847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of epigenetic writers such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are attractive compounds for epigenetic drug and probe discovery. To advance epigenetic probes and drug discovery, chemical companies are developing focused libraries for epigenetic targets. Based on a knowledge-based approach, herein we report the identification of two quinazoline-based derivatives identified in focused libraries with sub-micromolar inhibition of DNMT1 (30 and 81 nM), more potent than S-adenosylhomocysteine. Also, both compounds had a low micromolar affinity of DNMT3A and did not inhibit DNMT3B. The enzymatic inhibitory activity of DNMT1 and DNMT3A was rationalized with molecular modeling. The quinazolines reported in this work are known to have low cell toxicity and be potent inhibitors of the epigenetic target G9a. Therefore, the quinazoline-based compounds presented are attractive not only as novel potent inhibitors of DNMTs but also as dual and selective epigenetic agents targeting two families of epigenetic writers.
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22
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Feoli A, Viviano M, Cipriano A, Milite C, Castellano S, Sbardella G. Lysine methyltransferase inhibitors: where we are now. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:359-406. [PMID: 35441141 PMCID: PMC8985178 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine methyltransferases constitute a large family of epigenetic writers that catalyse the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine to histone- and non-histone-specific substrates. Alterations in the expression and activity of these proteins have been linked to the genesis and progress of several diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and growing defects, hence they represent interesting targets for new therapeutic approaches. Over the past two decades, the identification of modulators of lysine methyltransferases has increased tremendously, clarifying the role of these proteins in different physio-pathological states. The aim of this review is to furnish an updated outlook about the protein lysine methyltransferases disclosed modulators, reporting their potency, their mechanism of action and their eventual use in clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Feoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Alessandra Cipriano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
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23
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Menna M, Fiorentino F, Marrocco B, Lucidi A, Tomassi S, Cilli D, Romanenghi M, Cassandri M, Pomella S, Pezzella M, Del Bufalo D, Zeya Ansari MS, Tomašević N, Mladenović M, Viviano M, Sbardella G, Rota R, Trisciuoglio D, Minucci S, Mattevi A, Rotili D, Mai A. Novel non-covalent LSD1 inhibitors endowed with anticancer effects in leukemia and solid tumor cellular models. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Gheidari D, Mehrdad M, Maleki S. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Quinazoline‐2,4(
1H,3H
)‐diones: Versatile Building Blocks in
N
‐ Heterocyclic Compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Gheidari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Guilan Rasht Iran
| | - Morteza Mehrdad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Guilan Rasht Iran
| | - Saloomeh Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Shahrood Iran
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25
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Zheng H, Dai Q, Yuan Z, Fan T, Zhang C, Liu Z, Chu B, Sun Q, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Quinazoline-based hydroxamic acid derivatives as dual histone methylation and deacetylation inhibitors for potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116524. [PMID: 34847495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a common malignant disease with complex signaling networks, which means it is unmanageable to cancer therapy by using single classical targeted drug. Recently, dual- or multitarget drugs have emerged as a promising option for cancer therapies. Although many multifunctional compounds targeting HDAC have been validated, as far as we know, there is no molecule targeting GLP and HDAC synchronously. In the present work, we designed and synthesized a series of quinazoline-based hydroxamic acid derivatives as dual GLP and HDAC inhibitors. These hybrid compounds showed potent enzymatic inhibitory activities against GLP and HDAC1/6 with IC50 values in the nanomolar range of less than 190 nM. Furthermore, most of our compounds displayed significant broad spectrum cytotoxic activities apart from D3 and D8 against all the tested cancer cells with IC50 values less than 50 μM. D1, D6 and D7 showed more potent cytotoxic activities than D2, D4 and D5 in those cancer cells. Especially, compound D7 showed potent inhibitory potency activity against both GLP and HDAC1/6 with IC50 values of 1.3, 89, 13 nM. Besides, D7 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against all the tested cancer cells. Further evaluations indicated that D7 could inhibit the methylation and deacetylation of H3K9 on protein level. Moreover, D7 could induce cancer cell apoptosis, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and partly block migration and invasion. All these thorough evaluations warranted D7 as a promising lead compound worth further optimization and development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Qiuzi Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Zigao Yuan
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tingting Fan
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Cunlong Zhang
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zijian Liu
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Bizhu Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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26
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Gutiérrez JR, Salgadoa ARM, Arias MDÁ, Vergara HSJ, Rada WR, Gómez CMM. Epigenetic Modulators as Treatment Alternative to Diverse Types of Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1503-1542. [PMID: 34963430 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666211228111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA is packaged in rolls in an octamer of histones forming a complex of DNA and proteins called chromatin. Chromatin as a structural matrix of a chromosome and its modifications are nowadays considered relevant aspects for regulating gene expression, which has become of high interest in understanding genetic mechanisms regulating various diseases, including cancer. In various types of cancer, the main modifications are found to be DNA methylation in the CpG dinucleotide as a silencing mechanism in transcription, post-translational histone modifications such as acetylation, methylation and others that affect the chromatin structure, the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and miRNA-mediated gene silencing. In this review we analyze the main alterations in gene expression, the epigenetic modification patterns that cancer cells present, as well as the main modulators and inhibitors of each epigenetic mechanism and the molecular evolution of the most representative inhibitors, which have opened a promising future in the study of HAT, HDAC, non-glycoside DNMT inhibitors and domain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorseth Rodelo Gutiérrez
- Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Arturo René Mendoza Salgadoa
- Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Marcio De Ávila Arias
- Department of Medicine, Biotechnology Research Group, Health Sciences Division, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Homero San- Juan- Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Biotechnology Research Group, Health Sciences Division, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Wendy Rosales Rada
- Advanced Biomedicine Research Group. Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Advanced Biomedicine Research Group. Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad Libre Seccional, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Carlos Mario Meléndez Gómez
- Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
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27
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EHMT2/G9a as an Epigenetic Target in Pediatric and Adult Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011292. [PMID: 34681949 PMCID: PMC8539543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including post-translational modifications of DNA and histones that influence chromatin structure, regulate gene expression during normal development and are also involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. The histone methyltransferase G9a (euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2, EHMT2), which mostly mediates mono- and dimethylation by histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), influences gene expression involved in embryonic development and tissue differentiation. Overexpression of G9a has been observed in several cancer types, and different classes of G9a inhibitors have been developed as potential anticancer agents. Here, we review the emerging evidence suggesting the involvement of changes in G9a activity in brain tumors, namely glioblastoma (GBM), the main type of primary malignant brain cancer in adults, and medulloblastoma (MB), the most common type of malignant brain cancer in children. We also discuss the role of G9a in neuroblastoma (NB) and the drug development of G9a inhibitors.
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28
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Quinlan RBA, Brennan PE. Chemogenomics for drug discovery: clinical molecules from open access chemical probes. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:759-795. [PMID: 34458810 PMCID: PMC8341094 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years chemical probes have proved valuable tools for the validation of disease-modifying targets, facilitating investigation of target function, safety, and translation. Whilst probes and drugs often differ in their properties, there is a belief that chemical probes are useful for translational studies and can accelerate the drug discovery process by providing a starting point for small molecule drugs. This review seeks to describe clinical candidates that have been inspired by, or derived from, chemical probes, and the process behind their development. By focusing primarily on examples of probes developed by the Structural Genomics Consortium, we examine a variety of epigenetic modulators along with other classes of probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B A Quinlan
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Old Road Campus Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
- Alzheimer's Research (UK) Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 7FZ UK
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29
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Maus A, Strait L, Zhu D. Nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for antiviral therapeutic drugs. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2021; 2:31-46. [PMID: 38620592 PMCID: PMC7988306 DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic still escalating, many researchers are turning to nanotechnology as a method of treatment not only for this pandemic, but in preparation for the pandemics of the future. Given both a wide variety of biomaterials at their disposal and the recent rise of nanotechnology, scientists now have the means to release and distribute therapeutic drugs in a variety of ways. Such a variety permits medical professionals the ability to choose biomaterials and methods that would provide the best release and treatment methodologies for the viral ailment they are attempting to remedy. This integrative review discusses context of previous pandemics, viral pathogenesis, issues associated with the current state of antiviral delivery systems, numerous biomaterials used for this purpose, and further information regarding the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Lia Strait
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, United States
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30
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Chandar Charles MR, Li MC, Hsieh HP, Coumar MS. Mimicking H3 Substrate Arginine in the Design of G9a Lysine Methyltransferase Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: A Computational Study for Structure-Based Drug Design. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6100-6111. [PMID: 33718701 PMCID: PMC7948220 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
G9a protein methyltransferase is a potential epigenetic drug target in different cancers and other disease conditions overexpressing the enzyme. G9a is responsible for the H3K9 dimethylation mark, which epigenetically regulates gene expression. Arg8 and Lys9 of the H3 substrate peptide are the two crucial residues for substrate-specific recognition and methylation. Several substrate competitive inhibitors are reported for the potent inhibition of G9a by incorporating lysine mimic groups in the inhibitor design. In this study, we explored the concept of arginine mimic strategy. The hydrophobic segment of the reported inhibitors BIX-01294 and UNC0638 was replaced by a guanidine moiety (side-chain moiety of arginine). The newly substituted guanidine moieties of the inhibitors were positioned similar to the Arg8 of the substrate peptide in molecular docking. Additionally, improved reactivity of the guanidine-substituted inhibitors was observed in density functional theory studies. Molecular dynamics, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area binding free energy, linear interaction energy, and potential mean force calculated from steered molecular dynamics simulations of the newly designed analogues show enhanced conformational stability and improved H-bond potential and binding affinity toward the target G9a. Moreover, the presence of both lysine and arginine mimics together shows a drastic increase in the binding affinity of the inhibitor towards G9a. Hence, we propose incorporating a guanidine group to imitate the substrate arginine's side chain in the inhibitor design to improve the potency of G9a inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramya Chandar Charles
- Centre
for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mu-Chun Li
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli
County, Taiwan 350, ROC
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli
County, Taiwan 350, ROC
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Biomedical
Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Centre
for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
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31
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Alghamdi BS, Tewari D, Jeandet P, Sarwar MS, Ashraf GM. Epigenetics of glioblastoma multiforme: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:100-120. [PMID: 33370605 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of brain cancer and one of the most aggressive cancers found in humans. Most of the signs and symptoms of GBM can be mild and slowly aggravated, although other symptoms might demonstrate it as an acute ailment. However, the precise mechanisms of the development of GBM remain unknown. Due to the improvement of molecular pathology, current researches have reported that glioma progression is strongly connected with different types of epigenetic phenomena, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and aberrant microRNA. Furthermore, the genes and the proteins that control these alterations have become novel targets for treating glioma because of the reversibility of epigenetic modifications. In some cases, gene mutations including P16, TP53, and EGFR, have been observed in GBM. In contrast, monosomies, including removals of chromosome 10, particularly q23 and q25-26, are considered the standard markers for determining the development and aggressiveness of GBM. Recently, amid the epigenetic therapies, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have been used for treating tumors, either single or combined. Specifically, HDACIs are served as a good choice and deliver a novel pathway to treat GBM. In this review, we focus on the epigenetics of GBM and the consequence of its mutations. We also highlight various treatment approaches, namely gene editing, epigenetic drugs, and microRNAs to combat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Jan S, Dar MI, Wani R, Sandey J, Mushtaq I, Lateef S, Syed SH. Targeting EHMT2/ G9a for cancer therapy: Progress and perspective. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173827. [PMID: 33347828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase-2, also known as G9a, is a ubiquitously expressed SET domain-containing histone lysine methyltransferase linked with both facultative and constitutive heterochromatin formation and transcriptional repression. It is an essential developmental gene and reported to play role in embryonic development, establishment of proviral silencing in ES cells, tumor cell growth, metastasis, T-cell immune response, cocaine induced neural plasticity and cognition and adaptive behavior. It is mainly responsible for carrying out mono, di and tri methylation of histone H3K9 in euchromatin. G9a levels are elevated in many cancers and its selective inhibition is known to reduce the cell growth and induce autophagy, apoptosis and senescence. We carried out a thorough search of online literature databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Journal websites, Clinical trials etc to gather the maximum possible information related to the G9a. The main messages from the cited papers are presented in a systematic manner. Chemical structures were drawn by Chemdraw software. In this review, we shed light on current understanding of structure and biological activity of G9a, the molecular events directing its targeting to genomic regions and its post-translational modification. Finally, we discuss the current strategies to target G9a in different cancers and evaluate the available compounds and agents used to inhibit G9a functions. The review provides the present status and future directions of research in targeting G9a and provides the basis to persuade the development of novel strategies to target G9a -related effects in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraya Jan
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, 190005, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohd Ishaq Dar
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, 190005, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rubiada Wani
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, 190005, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jagjeet Sandey
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, 190005, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Iqra Mushtaq
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, 190005, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sammar Lateef
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, 190005, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sajad Hussain Syed
- CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, 190005, Srinagar, Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Nie J. UNC0321 inhibits high glucose induced apoptosis in HUVEC by targeting Rab4. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110662. [PMID: 32877824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular complications in heart, brain, kidney and retina are the most common chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). At present, it has become a research hotspot to regulate the abnormal apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells for DM treatment. UNC0321 is a high affinity GPCRs inhibitor, and has potential practical value in chromatin remodeling. In this study, we treated HUVEC with UNC0321 in vitro, and found that UNC0321 inhibit the level of Cleaved-Caspase3 and Bax, thus inhibiting the apoptosis caused by high glucose. In addition, UNC0321 also promoted cell proliferation and migration by activating Akt / mTOR pathway. The transcriptome changes of HUVEC cells cultured with high glucose with or without the treatment of UNC0321 were analysis using sequencing. It was found that Rab4 expression was significantly inhibited after UNC0321 treatment. Subsequently, we overexpressed Rab4 in HUVEC cells cultured with high glucose, and found that overexpression of Rab4 promoted the apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and migration. At the same time, after overexpression of Rab4 in HUVEC cells treated with UNC0321, the number of apoptosis was significantly increased, cell proliferation and migration were inhibited, and the activity of Akt / mTOR pathway decreased. These data suggested that overexpression of Rab4 effectively blocked the inhibition of apoptosis and the increase of cell proliferation induced by UNC0321. In conclusion, we found that UNC0321 inhibits the apoptosis of HUVEC cells caused by high glucose through inhibiting Rab4 expression, providing new potential drugs and targets for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Nie
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, PR China.
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34
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Katayama K, Ishii K, Tsuda E, Yotsumoto K, Hiramoto K, Suzuki M, Yasumatsu I, Igarashi W, Torihata M, Ishiyama T, Katagiri T. Discovery of novel histone lysine methyltransferase G9a/GLP (EHMT2/1) inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 2,4-diamino-6-methylpyrimidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127475. [PMID: 32781218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and optimization of a novel series of G9a/GLP (EHMT2/1) inhibitors are described. Starting from known G9a/GLP inhibitor 5, efforts to explore the structure-activity relationship and optimize drug properties led to a novel compound 13, the side chain of which was converted to tetrahydroazepine. Compound 13 showed increased G9a/GLP inhibitory activity compared with compound 5. In addition, compound 13 exhibited improved human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibitory activity over compound 5 and also improved pharmacokinetic profile in mice (oral bioavailability: 17 to 40%). Finally, the co-crystal structure of G9a in complex with compound 13 provides the basis for the further development of tetrahydroazepine-based G9a/GLP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Katayama
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | - Ken Ishii
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Eisuke Tsuda
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yotsumoto
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kumiko Hiramoto
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Isao Yasumatsu
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Wataru Igarashi
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Munefumi Torihata
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishiyama
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Takahiro Katagiri
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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Saha B, Parks RJ. Identification of human adenovirus replication inhibitors from a library of small molecules targeting cellular epigenetic regulators. Virology 2020; 555:102-110. [PMID: 33032802 PMCID: PMC7382930 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) can cause severe disease in certain at-risk populations such as newborns, young children, the elderly and individuals with a compromised immune system. Unfortunately, no FDA-approved antiviraldrug is currently available for the treatment of HAdV infections. Within the nucleus of infected cells, the HAdV genome associates with histones and forms a chromatin-like structure during early infection, and viral gene expression appears to be regulated by cellular epigenetic processes. Thus, one potential therapeutic strategy to combat HAdV disease may be to target the cellular proteins involved in modifying the viral nucleoprotein structure and facilitating HAdV gene expression and replication. We have screened a panel of small molecules that modulate the activity of epigenetic regulatory proteins for compounds affecting HAdV gene expression. Several of the compounds, specifically chaetocin, gemcitabine and lestaurtinib, reduced HAdV recovery by 100- to 1000-fold, while showing limited effects on cell health, suggesting that these compounds may indeed be promising as anti-HAdV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratati Saha
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin J Parks
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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36
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Ciechomska IA, Jayaprakash C, Maleszewska M, Kaminska B. Histone Modifying Enzymes and Chromatin Modifiers in Glioma Pathobiology and Therapy Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:259-279. [PMID: 32034718 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways directly communicate and transform chromatin to change the epigenetic landscape and regulate gene expression. Chromatin acts as a dynamic platform of signal integration and storage. Histone modifications and alteration of chromatin structure play the main role in chromatin-based gene expression regulation. Alterations in genes coding for histone modifying enzymes and chromatin modifiers result in malfunction of proteins that regulate chromatin modification and remodeling. Such dysregulations culminate in profound changes in chromatin structure and distorted patterns of gene expression. Gliomagenesis is a multistep process, involving both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Recent applications of next generation sequencing have revealed that many chromatin regulation-related genes, including ATRX, ARID1A, SMARCA4, SMARCA2, SMARCC2, BAF155 and hSNF5 are mutated in gliomas. In this review we summarize newly identified mechanisms affecting expression or functions of selected histone modifying enzymes and chromatin modifiers in gliomas. We focus on selected examples of pathogenic mechanisms involving ATRX, histone methyltransferase G9a, histone acetylases/deacetylases and chromatin remodeling complexes SMARCA2/4. We discuss the impact of selected epigenetics alterations on glioma pathobiology, signaling and therapeutic responses. We assess the attempts of targeting defective pathways with new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona A Ciechomska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chinchu Jayaprakash
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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37
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Identification of novel quinoline inhibitor for EHMT2/G9a through virtual screening. Biochimie 2020; 168:220-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gu M, Toh TB, Hooi L, Lim JJ, Zhang X, Chow EKH. Nanodiamond-Mediated Delivery of a G9a Inhibitor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45427-45441. [PMID: 31718136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with high mortality but limited therapeutic options. Epigenetic regulations including DNA methylation and histone modification control gene expressions and play a crucial role during tumorigenesis. G9a, also known as EHMT2 (euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2), is a histone methyltransferase predominantly responsible for dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9). G9a has been shown to play a key role in promoting tumor progression. Recent studies have identified that G9a is a critical mediator of HCC pathogenesis. UNC0646 is a G9a inhibitor that has shown potent in vitro efficacy. However, due to its water insolubility, the in vivo efficacy of UNC0646 is not satisfactory. In this study, nanodiamonds (NDs) were utilized as a drug delivery platform to improve in vivo delivery of this small-molecule inhibitor. Our results showed that ND-UNC0646 complexes could be rapidly synthesized by physical adsorption, meanwhile possessing favorable drug delivery properties and was able to improve the dispersibility of UNC0646 in water, therefore making it amenable for intravenous administration. The release profile of UNC0646 from ND-UNC0646 was demonstrated to be pH-responsive. Moreover, ND-UNC0646 maintained the biological functionality of UNC0646, with higher efficacy in reducing H3K9 methylation as well as enhanced invasion suppressive effects. Most importantly, increased in vivo efficacy was demonstrated using an orthotopic HCC mouse model, which paves the way of translating this small-molecule inhibitor toward HCC treatment. Our work demonstrates the potential of NDs in the clinical application for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 117600 , Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health , National University of Singapore , 117456 , Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
| | - Jhin Jieh Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 119228 , Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 117600 , Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health , National University of Singapore , 117456 , Singapore
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Xiong Y, Greschik H, Johansson C, Seifert L, Bacher J, Park KS, Babault N, Martini M, Fagan V, Li F, Chau I, Christott T, Dilworth D, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Vedadi M, Arrowsmith CH, Brennan P, Fedorov O, Jung M, Farnie G, Liu J, Oppermann U, Schüle R, Jin J. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Fragment-like Inhibitor of Methyllysine Reader Protein Spindlin 1 (SPIN1). J Med Chem 2019; 62:8996-9007. [PMID: 31260300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
By screening an epigenetic compound library, we identified that UNC0638, a highly potent inhibitor of the histone methyltransferases G9a and GLP, was a weak inhibitor of SPIN1 (spindlin 1), a methyllysine reader protein. Our optimization of this weak hit resulted in the discovery of a potent, selective, and cell-active SPIN1 inhibitor, compound 3 (MS31). Compound 3 potently inhibited binding of trimethyllysine-containing peptides to SPIN1, displayed high binding affinity, was highly selective for SPIN1 over other epigenetic readers and writers, directly engaged SPIN1 in cells, and was not toxic to nontumorigenic cells. The crystal structure of the SPIN1-compound 3 complex indicated that it selectively binds tudor domain II of SPIN1. We also designed a structurally similar but inactive compound 4 (MS31N) as a negative control. Our results have demonstrated for the first time that potent, selective, and cell-active fragment-like inhibitors can be generated by targeting a single tudor domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Holger Greschik
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research , University Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg 79106 , Germany
| | - Catrine Johansson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford BRU , University of Oxford , Oxford OX37LD , U.K
| | - Ludwig Seifert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Freiburg , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
| | - Johannes Bacher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Freiburg , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
| | - Kwang-Su Park
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Michael Martini
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Vincent Fagan
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute , University of Oxford , Oxford OX37DQ and OX37FZ, U.K
| | | | | | - Thomas Christott
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute , University of Oxford , Oxford OX37DQ and OX37FZ, U.K
| | | | | | - Masoud Vedadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute , University of Oxford , Oxford OX37DQ and OX37FZ, U.K
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute , University of Oxford , Oxford OX37DQ and OX37FZ, U.K
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Freiburg , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Freiburg 79106 , Germany
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute , University of Oxford , Oxford OX37DQ and OX37FZ, U.K
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford BRU , University of Oxford , Oxford OX37LD , U.K
| | - Roland Schüle
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research , University Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg 79106 , Germany
- BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies , University of Freiburg , Freiburg 79106 , Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Freiburg 79106 , Germany
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
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40
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Wang HY, Long QY, Tang SB, Xiao Q, Gao C, Zhao QY, Li QL, Ye M, Zhang L, Li LY, Wu M. Histone demethylase KDM3A is required for enhancer activation of hippo target genes in colorectal cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2349-2364. [PMID: 30649550 PMCID: PMC6412006 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway is involved in tumorigenesis, and its regulation in cytosol has been extensively studied, but its regulatory mechanisms in the nuclear are not clear. In the current study, using a FBS-inducing model following serum starvation, we identified KDM3A, a demethylase of histone H3K9me1/2, as a positive regulator for hippo target genes. KDM3A promotes gene expression through two mechanisms, one is to upregulate YAP1 expression, and the other is to facilitate H3K27ac on the enhancers of hippo target genes. H3K27ac upregulation is more relevant with gene activation, but not H3K4me3; and KDM3A depletion caused H3K9me2 upregulation mainly on TEAD1-binding enhancers rather than gene bodies, further resulting in H3K27ac decrease, less TEAD1 binding on enhancers and impaired transcription. Moreover, KDM3A is associated with p300 and required for p300 recruitment to enhancers. KDM3A deficiency delayed cancer cell growth and migration, which was rescued by YAP1 expression. KDM3A expression is correlated with YAP1 and hippo target genes in colorectal cancer patient tissues, and may serve as a potential prognosis mark. Taken together, our study reveals novel mechanisms for hippo signaling and enhancer activation, which is critical for tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Long
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shan-Bo Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Quan-Yi Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qing-Lan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Mei Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lian-Yun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Min Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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41
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel triazolyl 4-anilinoquinazolines as anticancer agents. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Leenders R, Zijlmans R, van Bree B, van de Sande M, Trivarelli F, Damen E, Wegert A, Müller D, Ehlert JE, Feger D, Heidemann-Dinger C, Kubbutat M, Schächtele C, Lenstra DC, Mecinović J, Müller G. Novel SAR for quinazoline inhibitors of EHMT1 and EHMT2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2516-2524. [PMID: 31350126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detailed structure activity relationship of two series of quinazoline EHMT1/EHMT2 inhibitors (UNC0224 and UNC0638) have been elaborated. New and active alternatives are presented for the ubiquitous substitution patterns found in literature for the linker to the lysine mimicking region and the lysine mimic itself. These findings could allow for advancing EHMT1/EHMT2 inhibitors of that type beyond tool compounds by fine-tuning physicochemical properties making these inhibitors more drug-like. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Leenders
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Remco Zijlmans
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Bree
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eddy Damen
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Wegert
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Müller
- ProQinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 19106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jan Erik Ehlert
- ProQinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 19106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel Feger
- ProQinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 19106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kubbutat
- ProQinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 19106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Danny C Lenstra
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Müller
- Gotham Therapeutics, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
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43
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Chen G, Yu X, Zhang M, Zheng A, Wang Z, Zuo Y, Liang Q, Jiang D, Chen Y, Zhao L, Jiang L, Li D, Liao S. Inhibition of Euchromatic Histone Lysine Methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2) Suppresses the Proliferation and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 158:205-212. [DOI: 10.1159/000502072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
EHMT2 (euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2), a histone methyltransferase, has been shown to be involved in multiple human cancers. In this study, we determined mRNA and protein expression of EHMT2 in cervical cancer cells and normal cervical epithelial cells. EHMT2 was inhibited with short hairpin RNA (shEHMT2) in cervical cancer cells. Cell viability, colony proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and invasion assays and Western blot were performed to assess the function of EHMT2. As a result, EHMT2 was upregulated in human cervical cancer cells compared to normal cervical epithelial cells. Suppression of EHMT2 expression impairs cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Furthermore, EHMT2 silencing inhibited cell adhesion and invasion. Finally, knockdown of EHMT2 resulted in a reduction of the expression of the tumorigenic proteins Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Survivin and in an increase in the expression of the anti-malignant protein E-cadherin. In conclusion, our data suggest that EHMT2 plays a key role in cell proliferation and metastatic capacity in cervical cancer cells and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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44
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Cao H, Li L, Yang D, Zeng L, Yewei X, Yu B, Liao G, Chen J. Recent progress in histone methyltransferase (G9a) inhibitors as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:537-546. [PMID: 31276898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence - a change in phenotype without a change in genotype. Epigenetic abnormalities can lead to serious diseases such as cancer in organisms. Histone methylation is one of the several manifestations of epigenetics, and requires specific enzymes to catalyze, for example, G9a, which is a histone methyl transferase. G9a catalyzes the methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27). In addition, G9a also plays an essential role in DNA replication, damage and repair, and gene expression by regulating DNA methylation. Moreover, G9a has been found to be overexpressed in many tumor cells and is associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. Because of its unique characteristics, G9a has become a very promising target for anti-cancer agents. Over the last decade, dozens of G9a inhibitors have been discovered as potential anticancer therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize and classify current G9a inhibitors, the challenges and future direction are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Deying Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liming Zeng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xie Yewei
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Guochao Liao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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45
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Abstract
The epigenetic control of gene expression could be affected by addition and/or removal of post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation of histone proteins, as well as methylation of DNA (5-methylation on cytosines). Misregulation of these modifications is associated with altered gene expression, resulting in various disease conditions. G9a belongs to the protein lysine methyltransferases that specifically methylates the K9 residue of histone H3, leading to suppression of several tumor suppressor genes. In this review, G9a functions, role in various diseases, structural biology aspects for inhibitor design, structure-activity relationship among the reported inhibitors are discussed which could aid in the design and development of potent G9a inhibitors for cancer treatment in the future.
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46
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Milite C, Feoli A, Horton JR, Rescigno D, Cipriano A, Pisapia V, Viviano M, Pepe G, Amendola G, Novellino E, Cosconati S, Cheng X, Castellano S, Sbardella G. Discovery of a Novel Chemotype of Histone Lysine Methyltransferase EHMT1/2 (GLP/G9a) Inhibitors: Rational Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Co-crystal Structure. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2666-2689. [PMID: 30753076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of compound BIX01294 over 10 years ago, only a very limited number of nonquinazoline inhibitors of H3K9-specific methyltransferases G9a and G9a-like protein (GLP) have been reported. Herein, we report the identification of a novel chemotype for G9a/GLP inhibitors, based on the underinvestigated 2-alkyl-5-amino- and 2-aryl-5-amino-substituted 3 H-benzo[ e][1,4]diazepine scaffold. Our research efforts resulted in the identification 12a (EML741), which not only maintained the high in vitro and cellular potency of its quinazoline counterpart, but also displayed improved inhibitory potency against DNA methyltransferase 1, improved selectivity against other methyltransferases, low cell toxicity, and improved apparent permeability values in both parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) and blood-brain barrier-specific PAMPA, and therefore might potentially be a better candidate for animal studies. Finally, the co-crystal structure of GLP in complex with 12a provides the basis for the further development of benzodiazepine-based G9a/GLP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John R Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Amendola
- DiSTABiF , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Via Vivaldi 43 , 81100 Caserta , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy , University Federico II of Naples , Via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Via Vivaldi 43 , 81100 Caserta , Italy
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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47
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Rowbotham SP, Li F, Dost AFM, Louie SM, Marsh BP, Pessina P, Anbarasu CR, Brainson CF, Tuminello SJ, Lieberman A, Ryeom S, Schlaeger TM, Aronow BJ, Watanabe H, Wong KK, Kim CF. H3K9 methyltransferases and demethylases control lung tumor-propagating cells and lung cancer progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4559. [PMID: 30455465 PMCID: PMC6242814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators are attractive anticancer targets, but the promise of therapeutic strategies inhibiting some of these factors has not been proven in vivo or taken into account tumor cell heterogeneity. Here we show that the histone methyltransferase G9a, reported to be a therapeutic target in many cancers, is a suppressor of aggressive lung tumor-propagating cells (TPCs). Inhibition of G9a drives lung adenocarcinoma cells towards the TPC phenotype by de-repressing genes which regulate the extracellular matrix. Depletion of G9a during tumorigenesis enriches tumors in TPCs and accelerates disease progression metastasis. Depleting histone demethylases represses G9a-regulated genes and TPC phenotypes. Demethylase inhibition impairs lung adenocarcinoma progression in vivo. Therefore, inhibition of G9a is dangerous in certain cancer contexts, and targeting the histone demethylases is a more suitable approach for lung cancer treatment. Understanding cellular context and specific tumor populations is critical when targeting epigenetic regulators in cancer for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Rowbotham
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - F Li
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - A F M Dost
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S M Louie
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - B P Marsh
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - P Pessina
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - C R Anbarasu
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - C F Brainson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - S J Tuminello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - A Lieberman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - S Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - T M Schlaeger
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - B J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - H Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - K K Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - C F Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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48
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Zang L, Kondengaden SM, Che F, Wang L, Heng X. Potential Epigenetic-Based Therapeutic Targets for Glioma. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:408. [PMID: 30498431 PMCID: PMC6249994 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is characterized by a high recurrence rate, short survival times, high rates of mortality and treatment difficulties. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation (RT) are the standard treatments, but outcomes rarely improve even after treatment. With the advancement of molecular pathology, recent studies have found that the development of glioma is closely related to various epigenetic phenomena, including DNA methylation, abnormal microRNA (miRNA), chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Owing to the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, the proteins and genes that regulate these changes have become new targets in the treatment of glioma. In this review, we present a summary of the potential therapeutic targets of glioma and related effective treating drugs from the four aspects mentioned above. We further illustrate how epigenetic mechanisms dynamically regulate the pathogenesis and discuss the challenges of glioma treatment. Currently, among the epigenetic treatments, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can be used for the treatment of tumors, either individually or in combination. In the treatment of glioma, only HDACIs remain a good option and they provide new directions for the treatment. Due to the complicated pathogenesis of glioma, epigenetic applications to glioma clinical treatment are still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zang
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shukkoor Muhammed Kondengaden
- Chemistry Department and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
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49
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Hekal MH, Abu El-Azm FSM. New potential antitumor quinazolinones derived from dynamic 2-undecyl benzoxazinone: Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1490433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hekal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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50
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Hirano T, Mori S, Kagechika H. Recent Advances in Chemical Tools for the Regulation and Study of Protein Lysine Methyltransferases. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1745-1759. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hirano
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Shuichi Mori
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
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