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van der Ark-Vonk EM, Puijk MV, Pasterkamp G, van der Laan SW. The Effects of FABP4 on Cardiovascular Disease in the Aging Population. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:163-175. [PMID: 38698167 PMCID: PMC11087245 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) plays a role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. In this paper, we cover FABP4 biology, its implications in atherosclerosis from observational studies, genetic factors affecting FABP4 serum levels, and ongoing drug development to target FABP4 and offer insights into future FABP4 research. RECENT FINDINGS FABP4 impacts cells through JAK2/STAT2 and c-kit pathways, increasing inflammatory and adhesion-related proteins. In addition, FABP4 induces angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. FABP4 is established as a reliable predictive biomarker for cardiovascular disease in specific at-risk groups. Genetic studies robustly link PPARG and FABP4 variants to FABP4 serum levels. Considering the potential effects on atherosclerotic lesion development, drug discovery programs have been initiated in search for potent inhibitors of FABP4. Elevated FABP4 levels indicate an increased cardiovascular risk and is causally related to acceleration of atherosclerotic disease, However, clinical trials for FABP4 inhibition are lacking, possibly due to concerns about available compounds' side effects. Further research on FABP4 genetics and its putative causal role in cardiovascular disease is needed, particularly in aging subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M van der Ark-Vonk
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mike V Puijk
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Chen S, Pan Z, Liu M, Guo L, Jiang X, He G. Recent Advances on Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Lipocalin-like Proteins. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5144-5167. [PMID: 38525852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are crucial players in nonvesicular lipid trafficking. LTPs sharing a lipocalin lipid transfer domain (lipocalin-like proteins) have a wide range of biological functions, such as regulating immune responses and cell proliferation, differentiation, and death as well as participating in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, metabolic, and neurological disorders and cancer. Therefore, the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting these LTPs is important and has potential clinical applications. Herein, we summarize the structure and function of lipocalin-like proteins, mainly including retinol-binding proteins, lipocalins, and fatty acid-binding proteins and discuss the recent advances on small-molecule inhibitors for these protein families and their applications in disease treatment. The findings of our Perspective can provide guidance for the development of inhibitors of these LTPs and highlight the challenges that might be faced during the procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Chen
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linghong Guo
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Shi Y, Wang CC, Wu L, Zhang Y, Xu A, Wang Y. Pathophysiological Insight into Fatty Acid-Binding Protein-4: Multifaced Roles in Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Offspring Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12655. [PMID: 37628833 PMCID: PMC10454382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4), commonly known as adipocyte-fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), is a pleiotropic adipokine that broadly affects immunity and metabolism. It has been increasingly recognized that FABP4 dysfunction is associated with various metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic inflammation. However, its explicit roles within the context of women's reproduction and pregnancy remain to be investigated. In this review, we collate recent studies probing the influence of FABP4 on female reproduction, pregnancy, and even fetal health. Elevated circulating FABP4 levels have been found to correlate with impaired reproductive function in women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis. Throughout pregnancy, FABP4 affects maternal-fetal interface homeostasis by affecting both glycolipid metabolism and immune tolerance, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, gestational obesity, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. Moreover, maternal FABP4 levels exhibit a substantial linkage with the metabolic health of offspring. Herein, we discuss the emerging significance and potential application of FABP4 in reproduction and pregnancy health and delve into its underlying mechanism at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chi-Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liqun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China;
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
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4
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Chen D, Wirth KM, Kizy S, Muretta JM, Markowski TW, Yong P, Sheka A, Abdelwahab H, Hertzel AV, Ikramuddin S, Yamamoto M, Bernlohr DA. Desmoglein 2 Functions as a Receptor for Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in Breast Cancer Epithelial Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:836-848. [PMID: 37115197 PMCID: PMC10524127 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a secreted adipokine linked to obesity and progression of a variety of cancers. Obesity increases extracellular FABP4 (eFABP4) levels in animal models and in obese breast cancer patients compared with lean healthy controls. Using MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer epithelial cells, we show herein that eFABP4 stimulates cellular proliferation in a time and concentration dependent manner while the non-fatty acid-binding mutant, R126Q, failed to potentiate growth. When E0771 murine breast cancer cells were injected into mice, FABP4 null animals exhibited delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival compared with injections into control C57Bl/6J animals. eFABP4 treatment of MCF-7 cells resulted in a significant increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK), transcriptional activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and corresponding gene targets ALDH1A1, CYP1A1, HMOX1, SOD1 and decreased oxidative stress, while R126Q treatment did not show any effects. Proximity-labeling employing an APEX2-FABP4 fusion protein revealed several proteins functioning in desmosomes as eFABP4 receptor candidates including desmoglein (DSG), desmocollin, junction plankoglobin, desomoplankin, and cytokeratins. AlphaFold modeling predicted an interaction between eFABP4, and the extracellular cadherin repeats of DSG2 and pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed complex formation that was potentiated by oleic acid. Silencing of DSG2 in MCF-7 cells attenuated eFABP4 effects on cellular proliferation, pERK levels, and ALDH1A1 expression compared with controls. IMPLICATIONS These results suggest desmosomal proteins, and in particular desmoglein 2, may function as receptors of eFABP4 and provide new insight into the development and progression of obesity-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Keith M. Wirth
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Scott Kizy
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Joseph M. Muretta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Peter Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Adam Sheka
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Hisham Abdelwahab
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ann V. Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Sayeed Ikramuddin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Department of Masonic Cancer Center, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN USA
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5
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He Y, Li S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang D, Wang H, Li Y. Optimization of potent, selective and orally bioavailable biphenyl scaffold as FABP4 inhibitors for anti-inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115319. [PMID: 37037141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an essential driver for the progression of metabolic-related inflammatory diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and various lipid metabolism-related tumors. However, FABP4 inhibitors are not yet available for clinical use, which may be associated with their poor selectivity of FABP3, unsatisfactory efficacy and physicochemical properties. Herein, we reported a systematic optimization of a class of biphenyl scaffold molecules as potent FABP4 inhibitors. Further in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies identified a selective and orally bioavailable compound 10g, with Ki of 0.51 μM against FABP4, Ki of 33.01 μM against FABP3 and bioavailability F% value of 89.4%. In vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy and multi-organ protection study in LPS-induced inflammatory mice model highlighted the potential of compound 10g as a therapeutic candidate in inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shunyi Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heyao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yingxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Hyder A. Naturally-occurring carboxylic acids from traditional antidiabetic plants as potential pancreatic islet FABP3 inhibitors. A molecular docking-aided study. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 372:110368. [PMID: 36709838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic action of traditional plants is mostly attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These plants are still having some secrets, making them an attractive source that allows for investigating new drugs or uncovering precise pharmacologic antidiabetic functions of their constituents. In diabetes, which is a lipid disease, long-term exposure of pancreatic islet beta cells to fatty acids (FAs) increases basal insulin release, reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, causes islet beta cell inflammation, failure and apoptosis. Pancreatic islet beta cells express fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) that receives long-chain FAs and traffics them throughout different cellular compartments to be metabolized and render their effects. Inhibition of this FABP3 may retard FA metabolism and protect islet beta cells. Since FAs interact with FABPs by their carboxylic group, some traditionally-known antidiabetic plants were reviewed in the present study, searching for their components that have common features of FABP ligands, namely carboxylic group and hydrophobic tail. Many of these carboxylic acids were computationally introduced into the ligand-binding pocket of FABP3 and some of them exhibited FABP3 ligand possibilities. Among others, the naturally occurring ferulic, cleomaldeic, caffeic, sinapic, hydroxycinnamic, 4-p-coumaroylquinic, quinoline-2-carboxylic, chlorogenic, 6-hydroxykynurenic, and rosmarinic acids in many plants are promising candidates for being FABP3-specific inhibitors. The study shed light on repurposing these phyto-carboxylic acids to function as FABP inhibitors. However, more in-depth biological and pharmacological studies to broaden the understanding of this function are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Hyder
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt.
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7
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Lai W, Shi M, Huang R, Fu P, Ma L. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 in kidney diseases: From mechanisms to clinics. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175224. [PMID: 35995212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicated the relationship between fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and kidney diseases. FABP4, a small molecular lipid chaperone, is identified to regulate fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition in kidney diseases. Many studies have shown that circulating FABP4 level is related to proteinuria, renal function decline, cardiovascular complications of end-stage renal disease and even the prognosis of kidney transplanted patients. Notably, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of FABP4 attenuated renal injury in the various experimental models of kidney diseases, making it promising to develop potential therapeutic strategies targeting FABP4 in kidney diseases. In this study, we updated and reviewed the mechanisms and clinical significance of FABP4 in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Lai
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Min Shi
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rongshuang Huang
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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8
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Yang S, Li S, Chang J. Discovery of Cobimetinib as a novel A-FABP inhibitor using machine learning and molecular docking-based virtual screening. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13500-13510. [PMID: 35520131 PMCID: PMC9066360 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP, also called FABP4, aP2) is an adipokine identified as a critical regulator of metabolic function due to its dual functions of fatty acid transport and pro-inflammation. Because of the high therapeutic potential of A-FABP inhibition for the treatment of metabolic diseases and related vascular complications, numerous inhibitors have been developed against A-FABP. However, none of these inhibitors have been approved for use in patients due to severe side effects. Here, we used a virtual screening (VS) strategy to identify potential inhibitors of A-FABP in the latest FDA-approved drug library (∼2600 compounds), aiming to explore the existing drugs with proven safety profiles. We firstly combined ligand-based machine learning and structure-based molecular docking to develop a screening pipeline for identifying A-FABP inhibitors. The screening of FDA-approved drugs identified four compounds (Cobimetinib, Larotrectinib, Pantoprazole, and Vildagliptin) with the highest scores, whose inhibitory effects on A-FABP were further assessed in cellular assays. Among the selected compounds, Cobimetinib significantly inhibited the activation of the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway by A-FABP in mouse macrophages without causing obvious cytotoxicity. In summary, we present an integrated VS pipeline for A-FABP inhibitor screening, and identified Cobimetinib as a novel A-FABP inhibitor that may be repurposed for the treatment of metabolic diseases and associated vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilun Yang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xueyuan Blvd 1068 Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Simeng Li
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xueyuan Blvd 1068 Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xueyuan Blvd 1068 Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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9
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Huang Y, Yong P, Dickey D, Vora SM, Wu H, Bernlohr DA. Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis via a Lipid-regulated SIRT1-p53-ASC Axis in Macrophages From Male Mice and Humans. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6523230. [PMID: 35136993 PMCID: PMC8896164 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-linked diabetes is associated with accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages into adipose tissue leading to inflammasome activation and pyroptotic secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Targeting fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) uncouples obesity from inflammation, attenuates characteristics of type 2 diabetes and is mechanistically linked to the cellular accumulation of monounsaturated fatty acids in macrophages. Herein we show that pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of FABP4 activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and deacetylates its downstream targets p53 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid synthase or stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase inhibits, whereas exogenous addition of C16:1 or C18:1 but not their saturated acyl chain counterparts, activates SIRT1 and p53/STAT3 signaling and IL-1β/IL-18 release. Expression of the p53 target gene ASC [apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD)] required for assembly of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is downregulated in FABP4 null mice and macrophage cell lines leading to loss of procaspase 1 activation and pyroptosis. Concomitant with loss of ASC expression in FABP4-/- macrophages, inflammasome activation, gasdermin D processing, and functional activation of pyroptosis are all diminished in FABP4 null macrophages but can be rescued by silencing SIRT1 or exogenous expression of ASC. Taken together, these results reveal a novel lipid-regulated pathway linking to SIRT1-p53-ASC signaling and activation of inflammasome action and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimao Huang
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | - Peter Yong
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | - Deborah Dickey
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | - Setu M Vora
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Correspondence: David A. Bernlohr, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Unveiling the Role of the Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in the Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010197. [PMID: 35052876 PMCID: PMC8773613 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a progressive disease ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis; MASH). Nevertheless, it remains underdiagnosed due to the lack of effective non-invasive methods for its diagnosis and staging. Although MAFLD has been found in lean individuals, it is closely associated with obesity-related conditions. Adipose tissue is the main source of liver triglycerides and adipocytes act as endocrine organs releasing a large number of adipokines and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in MAFLD progression into bloodstream. Among the adipocyte-derived molecules, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been recently associated with fatty liver and additional features of advanced stages of MAFLD. Additionally, emerging data from preclinical studies propose FABP4 as a causal actor involved in the disease progression, rather than a mere biomarker for the disease. Therefore, the FABP4 regulation could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to MAFLD. Here, we review the current knowledge of FABP4 in MAFLD, as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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11
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Wirth K, Shinoda S, Sato-Dahlman M, Dickey DM, Bernlohr DA, Ikramuddin S, Yamamoto M. Fatty acid binding protein 4 regulates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation via activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 18:485-493. [PMID: 34998697 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes are associated with an increased incidence of pancreatic cancer. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), noted to be higher in patients with severe obesity, is linked to the development and progression of several cancers, and its level in the circulation decreases after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we evaluate the role of FABP4 in pancreatic cancer progression. SETTING University Hospital and Laboratories, United States. METHODS AND RESULTS When Panc-1 (human) and Pan02 (mouse) pancreatic cancer cells were treated with FABP4 or the-single-point mutant FABP4 (R126Q, fatty acid binding site mutant), only FABP4 stimulated cellular proliferation. The transcriptional activity of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was increased in response to FABP4 but not the R126Q. FABP4 treatment also led to downregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity. Consistent with induced cell propagation by FABP4, the growth of Pan02 tumor was decreased in FABP4-null animals compared with C57BL/6J controls. CONCLUSION These results suggest that FABP4 increases pancreatic cancer proliferation via activation of NRF2 and downregulation of ROS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Wirth
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shuhei Shinoda
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mizuho Sato-Dahlman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Deborah M Dickey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sayeed Ikramuddin
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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12
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Adipose-Derived Lipid-Binding Proteins: The Good, the Bad and the Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910460. [PMID: 34638803 PMCID: PMC8508731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue releases a large range of bioactive factors called adipokines, many of which are involved in inflammation, glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Under pathological conditions such as obesity, most of the adipokines are upregulated and considered as deleterious, due to their pro-inflammatory, pro-atherosclerotic or pro-diabetic properties, while only a few are downregulated and would be designated as beneficial adipokines, thanks to their counteracting properties against the onset of comorbidities. This review focuses on six adipose-derived lipid-binding proteins that have emerged as key factors in the development of obesity and diabetes: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), Apolipoprotein D (APOD), Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), Lipocalin-14 (LCN14) and Apolipoprotein M (APOM). These proteins share structural homology and capacity to bind small hydrophobic molecules but display opposite effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. RBP4 and FABP4 are positively associated with metabolic syndrome, while APOD and LCN2 are ubiquitously expressed proteins with deleterious or beneficial effects, depending on their anatomical site of expression. LCN14 and APOM have been recently identified as adipokines associated with healthy metabolism. Recent findings on these lipid-binding proteins exhibiting detrimental or protective roles in human and murine metabolism and their involvement in metabolic diseases are also discussed.
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A-FABP in Metabolic Diseases and the Therapeutic Implications: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179386. [PMID: 34502295 PMCID: PMC8456319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), which is also known as ap2 or FABP4, is a fatty acid chaperone that has been further defined as a fat-derived hormone. It regulates lipid homeostasis and is a key mediator of inflammation. Circulating levels of A-FABP are closely associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic diseases with imminent diagnostic and prognostic significance. Numerous animal studies have elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms involving A-FABP in these diseases. Recent studies demonstrated its physiological role in the regulation of adaptive thermogenesis and its pathological roles in ischemic stroke and liver fibrosis. Due to its implication in various diseases, A-FABP has become a promising target for the development of small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies for disease treatment. This review summarizes the clinical and animal findings of A-FABP in the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic diseases in recent years. The underlying mechanism and its therapeutic implications are also highlighted.
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He YL, Chen MT, Wang T, Zhang MM, Li YX, Wang HY, Ding N. Development of FABP4/5 inhibitors with potential therapeutic effect on type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113720. [PMID: 34332399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of various metabolic diseases. However, the weak potency, low selectivity over FABP3, or poor pharmacokinetic profiles of currently reported dual FABP4/5 inhibitors impeded further research. Here, we described the characterization of a series of dual FABP4/5 inhibitors with improved metabolic stabilities and physicochemical properties based on our previous studies. Among the compounds, D9 and E1 exhibited good inhibitory activities against FABP4/5 and favorable selectivity over FABP3 in vitro. In cell-based assays, D9 and E1 exerted a decrease of FABP4 secretion, a strong anti-lipolytic effect in mature adipocytes, and suppression of MCP-1 expression in THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, D9 and E1 possessed good metabolic stabilities in mouse hepatic microsomes and acceptable pharmacokinetics profiles in ICR mice. Further in vivo experiments showed that D9 and E1 could potently decrease serum FABP4 levels and ameliorate glucose metabolism disorders in obese diabetic db/db mice. These results demonstrated that D9 and E1 could serve as lead compounds for the development of novel anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meng-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying-Xia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - He-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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15
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Tisca JF, Dos Santos K, Pessati TB, Zacchi FL, Soares FS, Oliveira VA, Bebianno MJAF, Bainy ACD, Razzera G. Characterization of a fatty acid-binding protein from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): pharmaceutical and toxicological implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27811-27822. [PMID: 33517529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites constitute a class of xenobiotics commonly found in aquatic environments which may cause toxic effects in aquatic organisms. Several different lipophilic molecules, including some pharmaceuticals, can bind to fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), a group of evolutionarily related cytoplasmic proteins that belong to the intracellular lipid-binding protein (iLBP) family. An oyster FABP genome-wide investigation was not available until a recent study on gene organization, protein structure, and phylogeny of Crassostrea gigas iLBPs. Higher transcript levels of the C. gigas FABP2 gene were found after exposure to sewage and pharmaceuticals. Because of its relevance as a potential biomarker of aquatic contamination, in this study, recombinant FABP2 from C. gigas (CgFABP2) was successfully cloned, expressed, and purified, and in vitro and in silico assays were performed using lipids and pharmaceuticals. This is the first characterization of a protein from the iLBP family in C. gigas. Homology modeling and molecular docking were used to evaluate the binding affinities of natural ligands (palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic acids) and pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, sodium diclofenac, and acetaminophen). Among the tested fatty acids, CgFABP2 showed preference for palmitic acid. The selected pharmaceuticals presented a biphasic-binding mode, suggesting a different binding affinity with a preference for diclofenac. Therefore, the approach using circular dichroism and in silico data might be useful for ligand-binding screening in an invertebrate model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Tisca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karin Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Núcleo de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional da UFSC - NuBioinfo, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Tomás B Pessati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Zacchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Fabíola S Soares
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Oliveira
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Maria J A F Bebianno
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, CIMA, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Razzera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional da UFSC - NuBioinfo, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Yin YY, Zhao J, Zhang LL, Xu XY, Liu JQ. Molecular mechanisms of inhibitor bindings to A-FABP deciphered by using molecular dynamics simulations and calculations of MM-GBSA. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 32:293-315. [PMID: 33655818 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1891966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (A-FABP) plays a central role in many aspects of metabolic diseases. It is an important target in drug design for treatment of FABP-related diseases. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations followed by calculations of molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were implemented to decipher molecular mechanism correlating with binding of inhibitors 57Q, 57P and L96 to A-FABP. The results show that van der Waals interactions are the leading factors to control associations of 57Q, 57P, and L96 with A-FABP, which reveals an energetic basis for designing of clinically available inhibitors towards A-FABP. The information from PCA and cross-correlation analysis rationally unveils that inhibitor bindings affect conformational changes of A-FABP and change relative movements between residues. Decomposition of binding affinity into contributions of individual residues not only detects hot spots of inhibitor/A-FABP binding but also shows that polar interactions of the positively charged residue Arg126 with three inhibitors provide a significant contribution for stabilization of the inhibitor/A-FABP bindings. Furthermore, the binding strength of L96 to residues Ser55, Phe57 and Lys58 are stronger than that of inhibitors 57Q and 57P to these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yin
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - J Zhao
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - L L Zhang
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Y Xu
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - J Q Liu
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Lee CH, Lui DTW, Lam KSL. Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality. Front Immunol 2021; 12:589206. [PMID: 33815359 PMCID: PMC8017191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.589206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been increasingly recognized that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, especially in the visceral fat depots, contributes to systemic inflammation and promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), a lipid chaperone abundantly secreted from the adipocytes and macrophages, is one of the key players mediating this adipose-vascular cross-talk, in part via its interaction with c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) to form a positive feedback loop, and perpetuate inflammatory responses. In mice, selective JNK inactivation in the adipose tissue significantly reduced the expression of AFABP in their adipose tissue, as well as circulating AFABP levels. Importantly, fat transplant experiments showed that adipose-specific JNK inactivation in the visceral fat was sufficient to protect mice with apoE deficiency from atherosclerosis, with the beneficial effects attenuated by the continuous infusion of recombinant AFABP, supporting the role of AFABP as the link between visceral fat inflammation and atherosclerosis. In humans, raised circulating AFABP levels are associated with incident metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and CVD, as well as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetic nephropathy and adverse renal outcomes, all being conditions closely related to inflammation and enhanced CV mortality. Collectively, these clinical data have provided support to AFABP as an important adipokine linking obesity, inflammation and CVD. This review will discuss recent findings on the role of AFABP in CVD and mortality, the possible underlying mechanisms, and pharmacological inhibition of AFABP as a potential strategy to combat CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David T W Lui
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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18
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Su H, Zou Y, Chen G, Dou H, Xie H, Yuan X, Zhang X, Zhang N, Li M, Xu Y. Exploration of Fragment Binding Poses Leading to Efficient Discovery of Highly Potent and Orally Effective Inhibitors of FABP4 for Anti-inflammation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4090-4106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guofeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huixia Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hang Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minjun Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Cisplatin-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Counteracting Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041242. [PMID: 32069876 PMCID: PMC7072891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the severe side effects induced by cisplatin chemotherapy, muscle wasting is the most relevant one. This effect is a major cause for a clinical decline of cancer patients, since it is a negative predictor of treatment outcome and associated to increased mortality. However, despite its toxicity even at low doses, cisplatin remains the first-line therapy for several types of solid tumors. Thus, effective pharmacological treatments counteracting or minimizing cisplatin-induced muscle wasting are urgently needed. The dissection of the molecular pathways responsible for cisplatin-induced muscle dysfunction gives the possibility to identify novel promising therapeutic targets. In this context, the use of animal model of cisplatin-induced cachexia is very useful. Here, we report an update of the most relevant researches on the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced muscle wasting and on the most promising potential therapeutic options to preserve muscle mass and function.
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20
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Lamas Bervejillo M, Bonanata J, Franchini GR, Richeri A, Marqués JM, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ, Coitiño EL, Córsico B, Rubbo H, Ferreira AM. A FABP4-PPARγ signaling axis regulates human monocyte responses to electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes. Redox Biol 2020; 29:101376. [PMID: 31926616 PMCID: PMC6926352 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) are electrophilic lipid mediators derived from unsaturated fatty acid nitration. These species are produced endogenously by metabolic and inflammatory reactions and mediate anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. NO2-FA have been postulated as partial agonists of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ), which is predominantly expressed in adipocytes and myeloid cells. Herein, we explored molecular and cellular events associated with PPARγ activation by NO2-FA in monocytes and macrophages. NO2-FA induced the expression of two PPARγ reporter genes, Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) and the scavenger receptor CD36, at early stages of monocyte differentiation into macrophages. These responses were inhibited by the specific PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Attenuated NO2-FA effects on PPARγ signaling were observed once cells were differentiated into macrophages, with a significant but lower FABP4 upregulation, and no induction of CD36. Using in vitro and in silico approaches, we demonstrated that NO2-FA bind to FABP4. Furthermore, the inhibition of monocyte FA binding by FABP4 diminished NO2-FA-induced upregulation of reporter genes that are transcriptionally regulated by PPARγ, Keap1/Nrf2 and HSF1, indicating that FABP4 inhibition mitigates NO2-FA signaling actions. Overall, our results affirm that NO2-FA activate PPARγ in monocytes and upregulate FABP4 expression, thus promoting a positive amplification loop for the downstream signaling actions of this mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamas Bervejillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay
| | - J Bonanata
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay
| | - G R Franchini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Richeri
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay
| | - J M Marqués
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Vacunas, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay
| | - B A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - F J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - E L Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay.
| | - B Córsico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - H Rubbo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, CP 11800, Uruguay
| | - A M Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay.
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Identification of new dual FABP4/5 inhibitors based on a naphthalene-1-sulfonamide FABP4 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115015. [PMID: 31420256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) are mainly expressed in adipocytes and/or macrophages and play essential roles in energy metabolism and inflammation. When FABP4 function is diminished, FABP5 expression is highly increased possibly as a functional compensation. Dual FABP4/5 inhibitors are expected to provide beneficial synergistic effect on treating diabetes, atherosclerosis, and inflammation-related diseases. Starting from our previously reported selective FABP4 inhibitor 8, structural biology information was used to modulate the selectivity profile and to design potent dual FABP4/5 inhibitors with good selectivity against FABP3. Two compounds A16 and B8 were identified to show inhibitory activities against both FABP4/5 and good selectivity over FABP3, which could also reduce the level of forskolin-stimulated lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Compared with compound 8, these two compounds exhibited better anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages, with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and MCP-1 and apparently inhibited IKK/NF-κB pathway.
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22
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Josephrajan A, Hertzel AV, Bohm EK, McBurney MW, Imai SI, Mashek DG, Kim DH, Bernlohr DA. Unconventional Secretion of Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Is Mediated By Autophagic Proteins in a Sirtuin-1-Dependent Manner. Diabetes 2019; 68:1767-1777. [PMID: 31171562 PMCID: PMC6702637 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a leaderless lipid carrier protein primarily expressed by adipocytes and macrophages that not only functions intracellularly but is also secreted. The secretion is mediated via unconventional mechanism(s), and in a variety of species, metabolic dysfunction is correlated with elevated circulating FABP4 levels. In diabetic animals, neutralizing antibodies targeting serum FABP4 increase insulin sensitivity and attenuate hepatic glucose output, suggesting the functional importance of circulating FABP4. Using animal and cell-based models, we show that FABP4 is secreted from white, but not brown, adipose tissue in response to lipolytic stimulation in a sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)-dependent manner via a mechanism that requires some, but not all, autophagic components. Silencing of early autophagic genes such as Ulk1/2, Fip200, or Beclin-1 or chemical inhibition of ULK1/2 or VPS34 attenuated secretion, while Atg5 knockdown potentiated FABP4 release. Genetic knockout of Sirt1 diminished secretion, and serum FABP4 levels were undetectable in Sirt1 knockout mice. In addition, blocking SIRT1 by EX527 attenuated secretion while activating SIRT1 by resveratrol-potentiated secretion. These studies suggest that FABP4 secretion from adipocytes is regulated by SIRT1 and requires early autophagic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeetha Josephrajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ann V Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ellie K Bohm
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael W McBurney
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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23
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Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), a family of lipid chaperones, contribute to systemic metabolic regulation via several lipid signaling pathways. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), known as adipocyte FABP (A-FABP) or aP2, is mainly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages and plays important roles in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in relation to metabolically driven low-grade and chronic inflammation, referred to as ‘metaflammation’. FABP4 is secreted from adipocytes in a non-classical pathway associated with lipolysis and acts as an adipokine for the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Circulating FABP4 levels are associated with several aspects of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Ectopic expression and function of FABP4 in cells and tissues are also related to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Pharmacological modification of FABP4 function by specific inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies or antagonists of unidentified receptors would be novel therapeutic strategies for several diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Significant roles of FABP4 as a lipid chaperone in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and the possibility of FABP4 being a therapeutic target for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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Floresta G, Cilibrizzi A, Abbate V, Spampinato A, Zagni C, Rescifina A. 3D-QSAR assisted identification of FABP4 inhibitors: An effective scaffold hopping analysis/QSAR evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:276-284. [PMID: 30529845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Following on the recent publication of pharmacologically relevant effects, small molecule inhibitors of adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) have attracted high interest. FABP4 is mainly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue, where it regulates fatty acid storage and lipolysis, being also an important mediator of inflammation. In this regard, FABP4 recently demonstrated an interesting molecular target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, other metabolic diseases and some type of cancers. In the past years, hundreds of effective FABP4 inhibitors have been synthesized. In this paper, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model has been produced, in order to predict the bioactivity of FABP4 inhibitors. The methodology has been combined with a scaffold-hopping approach, allowing to identify three new molecules that act as effective inhibitors of this protein. These molecules, synthesized and tested for their FABP4 inhibitor activity, showed IC50 values between 3.70 and 5.59 μM, with a high level of agreement with the predicted values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ambra Spampinato
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Zhang C, Chiu KY, Chan BPM, Li T, Wen C, Xu A, Yan CH. Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) alleviates osteoarthritis induced by high-fat diet in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:824-833. [PMID: 29549054 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipokines play roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a novel adipokine that is closely associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to discover the potential role of FABP4 in OA. METHODS Seventy-two FABP4 knockout mice (KO) in C57BL/6N background and wild-type littermates (WT) (male, 6-week-old) were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calorie) or standard diet (STD, 11.6% calorie) for 3 months, 6 months and 9 months (n = 6 each). In the parallel study, forty-eight 6-week-old male WT mice were fed with HFD or STD, and simultaneously treated with daily oral gavage of selective FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 (15 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 4 months and 6 months (n = 6 each). Serum FABP4 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration was quantified. Histological assessment of knee OA and micro-CT analysis of subchondral bone were performed. RESULTS HFD induced obesity in mice. After 3 months and 6 months of HFD, KO mice showed alleviated cartilage degradation and synovitis, with significantly lower COMP, modified Mankin OA score, and MMP-13/ADAMTS4 expression. After 6 months and 9 months of HFD, KO mice showed less osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis. Chronic treatment of BMS309403 for 4 months and 6 months significantly alleviated cartilage degradation, but had no effects on the subchondral bone. Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of FABP4 did not have significant effects on lean mice fed with STD. CONCLUSIONS Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of FABP4 alleviates OA induced by HFD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - K Y Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - B P M Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - T Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - C Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - A Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - C H Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Gao DD, Dou HX, Su HX, Zhang MM, Wang T, Liu QF, Cai HY, Ding HP, Yang Z, Zhu WL, Xu YC, Wang HY, Li YX. From hit to lead: Structure-based discovery of naphthalene-1-sulfonamide derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of fatty acid binding protein 4. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:44-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bosquet A, Girona J, Guaita-Esteruelas S, Heras M, Saavedra-García P, Martínez-Micaelo N, Masana L, Rodríguez-Calvo R. FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 decreases saturated-fatty-acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated inflammation in skeletal muscle by reducing p38 MAPK activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:604-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cai H, Wang T, Yang Z, Xu Z, Wang G, Wang HY, Zhu W, Chen K. Combined Virtual Screening and Substructure Search for Discovery of Novel FABP4 Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2329-2335. [PMID: 28810126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4, AFABP) is a potential drug target for diabetes and atherosclerosis. In this study, a series of novel FABP4 inhibitors were discovered through combining virtual screening and substructure search. Seventeen compounds exhibited FABP4 inhibitory activities with IC50 < 10 μM, among which 11 compounds showed high selectivity against FABP3. The best compound 36b displayed an IC50 value of 1.5 μM. Molecular docking and point mutation studies revealed that Gln95, Arg126, and Tyr128 play key roles for these compounds binding with FABP4. Interestingly, Gln95 seems to be essential for conformation stability of FABP4. The new scaffolds of these compounds and their interaction mechanisms binding with FABP4 should provide an important clue for the further development of novel FABP4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Chemical Biology Core Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - He-Yao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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29
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Floresta G, Pistarà V, Amata E, Dichiara M, Marrazzo A, Prezzavento O, Rescifina A. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors. A comprehensive systematic review. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:854-873. [PMID: 28738306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) have attracted interest following the recent publications of beneficial pharmacological effects of these compounds. FABP4 is predominantly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue where it regulates fatty acids (FAs) storage and lipolysis and is an important mediator of inflammation. In the past years, hundreds FABP4 inhibitors have been synthesized for effective atherosclerosis and diabetes treatments, including derivatives of niacin, quinoxaline, aryl-quinoline, bicyclic pyridine, urea, aromatic compounds and other novel heterocyclic compounds. This review provides an overview of the synthesized and discovered molecules as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors (FABP4is) since the synthesis of the putative FABP4i, BMS309403, highlighting the interactions of the different classes of inhibitors with the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Venerando Pistarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Girona J, Alegret JM, Bosquet A, Ibarretxe D, Masana L. Role of the fatty acid-binding protein 4 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R173-R184. [PMID: 28420707 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues are major contributors to heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes act as endocrine organs by releasing a large number of bioactive molecules into the bloodstream, which participate in a communication network between white adipose tissue and other organs, including the heart. Among these molecules, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has recently been shown to increase cardiometabolic risk. Both clinical and experimental evidence have identified FABP4 as a relevant player in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, and it has been directly related to cardiac alterations such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. The available interventional studies preclude the establishment of a direct causal role of this molecule in CVD and HF and propose FABP4 as a biomarker rather than as an aetiological factor. However, several experimental reports have suggested that FABP4 may act as a direct contributor to cardiac metabolism and physiopathology, and the pharmacological targeting of FABP4 may restore some of the metabolic alterations that are conducive to CVD and HF. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding FABP4 in the context of HF and CVD as well as the molecular basis by which this protein participates in the regulation of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Alegret
- Department of CardiologyCardiovascular Research Group, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
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31
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Hertzel AV, Xu H, Downey M, Kvalheim N, Bernlohr DA. Fatty acid binding protein 4/aP2-dependent BLT1R expression and signaling. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1354-1361. [PMID: 28546450 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that reduced levels of the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP)4 (AFABP/aP2), result in metabolic improvement including potentiated insulin sensitivity and attenuated atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of FABP4 in macrophages upregulates UCP2, attenuates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, polarizes cells toward the anti-inflammatory M2 state, and reduces leukotriene (LT) secretion. At the protein level, FABP4 stabilizes LTA4 toward chemical hydrolysis, thereby potentiating inflammatory LTC4 synthesis. Herein, we extend the FABP4-LT axis and demonstrate that genetic knockout of FABP4 reduces expression of the major macrophage LT receptor, LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1R), via a ROS-dependent mechanism. Consistent with inflammation driving BLT1R expression, M1 polarized macrophages express increased levels of BLT1R relative to M2 polarized macrophages and treatment with proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide increased BLT1R mRNA and protein expression. In FABP4 knockout macrophages, silencing of UCP2, increased ROS levels and led to increased expression of BLT1R mRNA. Similarly, addition of exogenous H2O2 upregulated BLT1R expression, whereas the addition of a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine, decreased BLT1R levels. As compared with WT macrophages, LTB4-BLT1R-dependent JAK2-phosphorylation was reduced in FABP4 knockout macrophages. In summary, these results indicate that FABP4 regulates the expression of BLT1R and its downstream signaling via control of oxidative stress in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann V Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Michael Downey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Nicholas Kvalheim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
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Vasculo-protective effect of BMS-309403 is independent of its specific inhibition of fatty acid-binding protein 4. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1177-1188. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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33
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Wang W, Yuan P, Yu D, Du F, Zhu A, Li Q, Zhang P, Lin D, Xu B. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the 3'-UTR region of the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 gene is associated with prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18984-98. [PMID: 26959740 PMCID: PMC4951346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis and high heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to screen patients for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the prognosis of TNBC. Database-derived SNPs (NextBio, Ensembl, NCBI and MirSNP) located in the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) of genes that are differentially expressed in breast cancer were selected. The possible associations between 111 SNPs and progression risk among 323 TNBC patients were investigated using a two-step case-control study with a discovery cohort (n=162) and a validation cohort (n=161). We identified the rs1054135 SNP in the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene as a predictor of TNBC recurrence. The G allele of rs1054135 was associated with a reduced risk of disease progression as well as a prolonged disease-free survival time (DFS), with a hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence in the combined sample of 0.269 [95%CI: 0.098−0.735;P=0.001]. Notably, for individuals having the rs1054135 SNP with the AA/AG genotype, the magnitude of increased tumour recurrence risk for overweight patients (BMI≥25kg/m2) was significantly elevated (HR2.53; 95%CI: 1.06–6.03). Immunohistochemical staining of adipocytes adjacent to TNBC tissues showed that the expression level of FABP4 was statistically significantly lower in patients with the rs1054135-GG genotype and those in the disease-free group (P=0.0004 and P=0.0091, respectively). These results suggested that the expression of a lipid metabolism-related gene and an important SNP in the 3′-UTR of FABP4 are associated with TNBC prognosis, which may aid in the screening of high-risk patients with TNBC recurrence and the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, The 9th Clinical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dianke Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Anjie Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Kollmorgen G, Rueger R. Mechanisms and Targets Involved in Dissemination of Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 13:407-423. [PMID: 27807064 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is associated with the highest death rate of all gynecological tumors. On one hand, its aggressiveness is based on the rapid dissemination of ovarian cancer cells to the peritoneum, the omentum, and organs located in the peritoneal cavity, and on the other hand, on the rapid development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we focus on the metastatic process of ovarian cancer, which involves dissemination of, homing to and growth of tumor cells in distant organs, and describe promising molecular targets for possible therapeutic intervention. We provide an outline of the interaction of ovarian cancer cells with the microenvironment such as mesothelial cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and other stromal components in the context of approaches for therapeutic interference with dissemination. The targets described in this review are discussed with respect to their validity as drivers of metastasis and to the availability of suitable efficient agents for their blockage, such as small molecules, monoclonal antibodies or antibody conjugates as emerging tools to manage this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Rüdiger Rueger
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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FABP4/aP2 Regulates Macrophage Redox Signaling and Inflammasome Activation via Control of UCP2. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00282-16. [PMID: 27795298 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00282-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-linked metabolic disease is mechanistically associated with the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and chronic low-grade inflammation. Previous work has demonstrated that deletion of the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4/aP2) uncouples obesity from inflammation via upregulation of the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Here, we demonstrate that ablation of FABP4/aP2 regulates systemic redox capacity and reduces cellular protein sulfhydryl oxidation and, in particular, oxidation of mitochondrial protein cysteine residues. Coincident with the loss of FABP4/aP2 is the upregulation of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase, methionine sulfoxide reductase A, and the 20S proteasome subunits PSMB5 and αβ. Reduced mitochondrial protein oxidation in FABP4/aP2-/- macrophages attenuates the mitochondrial unfolded-protein response (mtUPR) as measured by expression of heat shock protein 60, Clp protease, and Lon peptidase 1. Consistent with a diminished mtUPR, FABP4/aP2-/- macrophages exhibit reduced expression of cleaved caspase-1 and NLRP3. Secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), in response to inflammasome activation, is ablated in FABP4/aP2-/- macrophages, as well as in FABP4/aP2 inhibitor-treated cells, but partially rescued in FABP4/aP2-null macrophages when UCP2 is silenced. Collectively, these data offer a novel pathway whereby FABP4/aP2 regulates macrophage redox signaling and inflammasome activation via control of UCP2 expression.
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Kühne H, Obst-Sander U, Kuhn B, Conte A, Ceccarelli SM, Neidhart W, Rudolph MG, Ottaviani G, Gasser R, So SS, Li S, Zhang X, Gao L, Myers M. Design and synthesis of selective, dual fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5092-5097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li Y, Li X, Dong Z. Exploration of gated ligand binding recognizes an allosteric site for blocking FABP4-protein interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:32257-67. [PMID: 26580122 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), reversibly binding to fatty acids and other lipids with high affinities, is a potential target for treatment of cancers. The binding site of FABP4 is buried in an interior cavity and thereby ligand binding/unbinding is coupled with opening/closing of FABP4. It is a difficult task both experimentally and computationally to illuminate the entry or exit pathway, especially with the conformational gating. In this report we combine extensive computer simulations, clustering analysis, and the Markov state model to investigate the binding mechanism of FABP4 and troglitazone. Our simulations capture spontaneous binding and unbinding events as well as the conformational transition of FABP4 between the open and closed states. An allosteric binding site on the protein surface is recognized for the development of novel FABP4 inhibitors. The binding affinity is calculated and compared with the experimental value. The kinetic analysis suggests that ligand residence on the protein surface may delay the binding process. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive picture of ligand diffusion on the protein surface, ligand migration into the buried cavity, and the conformational change of FABP4 at an atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin Minnesota 55912, USA.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin Minnesota 55912, USA.
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Zhou Y, Nie T, Zhang Y, Song M, Li K, Ding M, Ding K, Wu D, Xu Y. The discovery of novel and selective fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors by virtual screening and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4310-4317. [PMID: 27460668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP, FABP4) has been proven to be a potential therapeutic target for diabetes, atherosclerosis and inflammation-related diseases. In this study, a series of new scaffolds of small molecule inhibitors of FABP4 were identified by virtual screening and were validated by a bioassay. Fifty selected compounds were tested, which led to the discovery of seven hits. Structural similarity-based searches were then performed based on the hits and led to the identification of one high affinity compound 33b (Ki=0.29±0.07μM, ΔTm=8.5°C). This compound's effective blockade of inflammatory response was further validated by its ability to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) and mutagenesis studies validated key residues for its inhibitory potency and thus provide an important clue for the further development of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ming Song
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Kuai Li
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Mengxiao Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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Chen W, Dong J, Plate L, Mortenson DE, Brighty GJ, Li S, Liu Y, Galmozzi A, Lee PS, Hulce JJ, Cravatt BF, Saez E, Powers ET, Wilson IA, Sharpless KB, Kelly JW. Arylfluorosulfates Inactivate Intracellular Lipid Binding Protein(s) through Chemoselective SuFEx Reaction with a Binding Site Tyr Residue. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7353-64. [PMID: 27191344 PMCID: PMC4909538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arylfluorosulfates have appeared only rarely in the literature and have not been explored as probes for covalent conjugation to proteins, possibly because they were assumed to possess high reactivity, as with other sulfur(VI) halides. However, we find that arylfluorosulfates become reactive only under certain circumstances, e.g., when fluoride displacement by a nucleophile is facilitated. Herein, we explore the reactivity of structurally simple arylfluorosulfates toward the proteome of human cells. We demonstrate that the protein reactivity of arylfluorosulfates is lower than that of the corresponding aryl sulfonyl fluorides, which are better characterized with regard to proteome reactivity. We discovered that simple hydrophobic arylfluorosulfates selectively react with a few members of the intracellular lipid binding protein (iLBP) family. A central function of iLBPs is to deliver small-molecule ligands to nuclear hormone receptors. Arylfluorosulfate probe 1 reacts with a conserved tyrosine residue in the ligand-binding site of a subset of iLBPs. Arylfluorosulfate probes 3 and 4, featuring a biphenyl core, very selectively and efficiently modify cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2), both in vitro and in living cells. The X-ray crystal structure of the CRABP2-4 conjugate, when considered together with binding site mutagenesis experiments, provides insight into how CRABP2 might activate arylfluorosulfates toward site-specific reaction. Treatment of breast cancer cells with probe 4 attenuates nuclear hormone receptor activity mediated by retinoic acid, an endogenous client lipid of CRABP2. Our findings demonstrate that arylfluorosulfates can selectively target single iLBPs, making them useful for understanding iLBP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David E. Mortenson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel J. Brighty
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter S. Lee
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Hulce
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - K. Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Rao E, Singh P, Zhai X, Li Y, Zhu G, Zhang Y, Hao J, Chi YI, Brown RE, Cleary MP, Li B. Inhibition of tumor growth by a newly-identified activator for epidermal fatty acid binding protein. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7815-27. [PMID: 25796556 PMCID: PMC4480718 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that expression of epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) in tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promotes macrophage anti-tumor activity by enhancing IFNβ responses in tumor models. Thus, E-FABP represents a new protective factor in enhancing tumor immune surveillance against tumor development. Herein, we report the compound 5-(benzylamino)-2-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carbonitrile (designated EI-05) as a novel E-FABP activator for inhibition of mammary tumor growth. EI-05 was selected from the ZINC compound library using molecular docking analysis based on the crystal structure of E-FABP. Although EI-05 is unable to bind E-FABP directly, it significantly increases E-FABP expression in macrophages during inflammation. Stimulation of macrophages with EI-05 remarkably enhances lipid droplet formation and IFNβ production, which further promotes the anti-tumor activity of macrophages. Importantly, administering EI-05 in vivo significantly inhibits mammary tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model. Altogether, these results suggest that EI-05 may represent a promising drug candidate for anti-tumor treatment through enhancing E-FABP activity and IFNβ responses in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Rao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Puja Singh
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Xiuhong Zhai
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Yan Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Ganqian Zhu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Jiaqing Hao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Young-In Chi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | | | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Bing Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
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Watanabe Y, Kawaguchi K, Saito S, Okabe T, Yonesu K, Egashira S, Kameya M, Morita M, Kashiwayama Y, Imanaka T. An HTRF based high-throughput screening for discovering chemical compounds that inhibit the interaction between Trypanosoma brucei Pex5p and Pex14p. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:260-265. [PMID: 28955883 PMCID: PMC5600434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosome, a peroxisome-related organelle, is essential for the growth and survival of trypanosomatid protozoa. In glycosome biogenesis, Pex5p recognizes newly synthesized glycosomal matrix proteins via peroxisome-targeting signal type-1 (PTS-1) and transports them into glycosomes through an interaction with Pex14p, a component of the matrix protein import machinery on the glycosomal membrane. Knockdown of the PEX5 or PEX14 with RNAi has been shown to inhibit the growth of Trypanosoma brucei. Thus, compounds that inhibit the interaction of TbPex5p–TbPex14p are expected to become lead compounds in the development of anti-trypanosomal drugs. Here, we report a homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay for the screening of compounds that inhibit the TbPex5p–TbPex14p interaction. The binding of GST-TbPex14p and TbPex5p-His with or without additional compounds was evaluated by measuring the energy transfer of the HTRF pair, using a terbium-labeled anti GST antibody as the donor and an FITC-labeled anti His antibody as the acceptor. The assay was performed in a 384-well plate platform and exhibits a Z’-factor of 0.85–0.91, while the coefficiency of variation is 1.1–7.7%, suggesting it can be readily adapted to a high-throughput format for the automated screening of chemical libraries. We screened 20,800 compounds and found 11 compounds that inhibited energy transfer. Among them, in a pull-down assay one compound exhibited selective inhibition of TbPex5p–TbPex14p without any HsPex5p–HsPex14p interaction. An HTRF-based TbPex5p–TbPex14p interaction assay system was established. A compound was found that selectively inhibits the TbPex5p–TbPex14p interaction. This system is applicable for drug discovery against other glycosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Watanabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Syuken Saito
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Yonesu
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Egashira
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kameya
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masashi Morita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kashiwayama
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Tagami U, Takahashi K, Igarashi S, Ejima C, Yoshida T, Takeshita S, Miyanaga W, Sugiki M, Tokumasu M, Hatanaka T, Kashiwagi T, Ishikawa K, Miyano H, Mizukoshi T. Interaction Analysis of FABP4 Inhibitors by X-ray Crystallography and Fragment Molecular Orbital Analysis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:435-9. [PMID: 27096055 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray crystal structural determination of FABP4 in complex with four inhibitors revealed the complex binding modes, and the resulting observations led to improvement of the inhibitory potency of FABP4 inhibitors. However, the detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) could not be explained from these structural observations. For a more detailed understanding of the interactions between FABP4 and inhibitors, fragment molecular orbital analyses were performed. These analyses revealed that the total interfragment interaction energies of FABP4 and each inhibitor correlated with the ranking of the K i value for the four inhibitors. Furthermore, interactions between each inhibitor and amino acid residues in FABP4 were identified. The oxygen atom of Lys58 in FABP4 was found to be very important for strong interactions with FABP4. These results might provide useful information for the development of novel potent FABP4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uno Tagami
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Igarashi
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Chieko Ejima
- Research
Institute, Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yoshida
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Sen Takeshita
- Research
Institute, Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Wataru Miyanaga
- Research
Institute, Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sugiki
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Munetaka Tokumasu
- Research
Institute, Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hatanaka
- Research
Institute, Ajinomoto Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kashiwagi
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kohki Ishikawa
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyano
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Toshimi Mizukoshi
- Institute
for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
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Xu H, Hertzel AV, Steen KA, Bernlohr DA. Loss of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4/aP2 Reduces Macrophage Inflammation Through Activation of SIRT3. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:325-34. [PMID: 26789108 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of proinflammatory macrophages plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Previous work using high fat-fed mice has shown that ablation of the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP4/aP2) in macrophages leads to an antiinflammatory state both in situ and in vivo, and the mechanism is linked, in part, to increased intracellular monounsaturated fatty acids and the up-regulation of uncoupling protein 2. Here, we show that loss of FABP4/aP2 in macrophages additionally induces sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression and that monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1, C18:1) lead to increased SIRT3 protein expression. Increased expression of SirT3 in FABP4/aP2 null macrophages occurs at the protein level with no change in SirT3 mRNA. When compared with controls, silencing of SIRT3 in Raw246.7 macrophages leads to increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2. In contrast, loss of SIRT3 in FABP4/aP2-deficient macrophages attenuates the suppressed inflammatory signaling, reduced reactive oxygen species production, lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased fatty acid oxidation. These results suggest that the antiinflammatory phenotype of FABP4/aP2 null mice is mediated by increased intracellular monounsaturated fatty acids leading to the increased expression of both uncoupling protein 2 and SirT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Ann V Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Kaylee A Steen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Rao E, Singh P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chi YI, Suttles J, Li B. Targeting epidermal fatty acid binding protein for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:28. [PMID: 25962726 PMCID: PMC4427938 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which dysregulated immune cells attack myelin in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to irreversible neuronal degeneration. Our previous studies have demonstrated that epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP), widely expressed in immune cells, in particular in dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes, fuels the overactive immune responses in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods In the present study, we conducted an intensive computational docking analysis to identify novel E-FABP inhibitors for regulation of immune cell functions and for treatment of EAE. Results We demonstrate that compound [2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-9,10-dimethoxy-6,7-dihydropyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one; designated as EI-03] bound to the lipid binding pocket of E-FABP and enhanced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor (PPAR) γ. Further in vitro experiments showed that EI-03 regulated DC functions by inhibition of TNFα production while promoting IL-10 secretion. Moreover, EI-03 treatment counterregulated T cell balance by decreasing effector T cell differentiation (e.g. Th17, Th1) while increasing regulatory T cell development. Most importantly, mice treated with this newly identified compound exhibited reduced clinical symptoms of EAE in mouse models. Conclusions Taken together, we have identified a new compound which displays a potential therapeutic benefit for treatment of MS by targeting E-FABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Rao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Puja Singh
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Young-In Chi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Jill Suttles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 319 Abraham Flexner Way, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Bing Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue, NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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Boss M, Kemmerer M, Brüne B, Namgaladze D. FABP4 inhibition suppresses PPARγ activity and VLDL-induced foam cell formation in IL-4-polarized human macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:424-30. [PMID: 25897794 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophages, converted to lipid-loaded foam cells, accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophage lipid metabolism is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and its target gene fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in mouse models. Since expression of PPARγ and FABP4 is increased upon interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced macrophage polarization, we aimed to investigate the role of FABP4 in human IL-4-polarized macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the impact of FABP4 on PPARγ-dependent gene expression in primary human monocytes differentiated to macrophages in the presence of IL-4. IL-4 increased PPARγ and its target genes lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and FABP4 compared to non-polarized or LPS/interferon γ-stimulated macrophages. LPL expression correlated with increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-induced triglyceride accumulation in IL-4-polarized macrophages, which was sensitive to inhibition of lipolysis or PPARγ antagonism. Inhibition of FABP4 during differentiation using chemical inhibitors BMS309403 and HTS01037 or FABP4 siRNA decreased the expression of FABP4 and LPL, and reduced lipid accumulation in macrophages treated with VLDL. FABP4 or LPL inhibition also reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and IL-1β in response to VLDL in IL-4-polarized macrophages. PPARγ luciferase reporter assays confirmed that FABP4 supports fatty acid-induced PPARγ activation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that IL-4 induces a lipid-accumulating macrophage phenotype by activating PPARγ and subsequent LPL expression. Inhibition of FABP4 decreases VLDL-induced foam cell formation, indicating that anti-atherosclerotic effects achieved by FABP4 inhibition in mouse models may be feasible in the human system as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Boss
- Institute of Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marina Kemmerer
- Institute of Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Furuhashi M, Saitoh S, Shimamoto K, Miura T. Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4): Pathophysiological Insights and Potent Clinical Biomarker of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 8:23-33. [PMID: 25674026 PMCID: PMC4315049 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, evidences of an integration of metabolic and inflammatory pathways, referred to as metaflammation in several aspects of metabolic syndrome, have been accumulating. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), also known as adipocyte FABP (A-FABP) or aP2, is mainly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages and plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in relation to metaflammation. Despite lack of a typical secretory signal peptide, FABP4 has been shown to be released from adipocytes in a non-classical pathway associated with lipolysis, possibly acting as an adipokine. Elevation of circulating FABP4 levels is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events. Furthermore, ectopic expression and function of FABP4 in several types of cells and tissues have been recently demonstrated. Here, we discuss both the significant role of FABP4 in pathophysiological insights and its usefulness as a biomarker of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Saitoh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Medical and Behavioral Subjects, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Franchini GR, Pórfido JL, Ibáñez Shimabukuro M, Rey Burusco MF, Bélgamo JA, Smith BO, Kennedy MW, Córsico B. The unusual lipid binding proteins of parasitic helminths and their potential roles in parasitism and as therapeutic targets. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 93:31-6. [PMID: 25282399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review paper we aim at presenting the current knowledge on structural aspects of soluble lipid binding proteins (LBPs) found in parasitic helminths and to discuss their potential role as novel drug targets. Helminth parasites produce and secrete a great variety of LBPs that may participate in the acquisition of nutrients from their host, such as fatty acids and cholesterol. It is also postulated that LBPs might interfere in the regulation of the host׳s immune response by sequestering lipidic intermediates or delivering bioactive lipids. A detailed comprehension of the structure of these proteins, as well as their interactions with ligands and membranes, is important to understand host-parasite relationships that they may mediate. This information could also contribute to determining the role that these proteins may play in the biology of parasitic helminths and how they modulate the immune systems of their hosts, and also towards the development of new therapeutics and prevention of the diseases caused by these highly pathogenic parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela R Franchini
- INIBIOLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Jorge L Pórfido
- INIBIOLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marina Ibáñez Shimabukuro
- INIBIOLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María F Rey Burusco
- INIBIOLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julián A Bélgamo
- INIBIOLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Brian O Smith
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology & School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Malcolm W Kennedy
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology & School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Betina Córsico
- INIBIOLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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48
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Uncoupling lipid metabolism from inflammation through fatty acid binding protein-dependent expression of UCP2. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1055-65. [PMID: 25582199 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01122-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissue is linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and systemic insulin resistance. Targeted deletion of the murine fatty acid binding protein (FABP4/aP2) uncouples obesity from inflammation although the mechanism underlying this finding has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that inhibition or deletion of FABP4/aP2 in macrophages results in increased intracellular free fatty acids (FFAs) and elevated expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) without concomitant increases in UCP1 or UCP3. Silencing of UCP2 mRNA in FABP4/aP2-deficient macrophages negated the protective effect of FABP loss and increased ER stress in response to palmitate or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pharmacologic inhibition of FABP4/aP2 with the FABP inhibitor HTS01037 also upregulated UCP2 and reduced expression of BiP, CHOP, and XBP-1s. Expression of native FABP4/aP2 (but not the non-fatty acid binding mutant R126Q) into FABP4/aP2 null cells reduced UCP2 expression, suggesting that the FABP-FFA equilibrium controls UCP2 expression. FABP4/aP2-deficient macrophages are resistant to LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and exhibit decreased mitochondrial protein carbonylation and UCP2-dependent reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species. These data demonstrate that FABP4/aP2 directly regulates intracellular FFA levels and indirectly controls macrophage inflammation and ER stress by regulating the expression of UCP2.
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Cai H, Liu Q, Gao D, Wang T, Chen T, Yan G, Chen K, Xu Y, Wang H, Li Y, Zhu W. Novel fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors: virtual screening, synthesis and crystal structure determination. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 90:241-50. [PMID: 25461324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a potential drug target for diabetes and atherosclerosis. For discovering new chemical entities as FABP4 inhibitors, structure-based virtual screening (VS) was performed, bioassay demonstrated that 16 of 251 tested compounds are FABP4 inhibitors, among which compound m1 are more active than endogenous ligand linoleic acid (LA). Based on the structure of m1, new derivatives were designed and prepared, leading to the discovery of two more potent inhibitors, compounds 9 and 10. To further explore the binding mechanisms of these new inhibitors, we determined the X-ray structures of the complexes of FABP4-9 and FABP4-10, which revealed similar binding conformations of the two compounds. Residue Ser53 and Arg126 formed direct hydrogen bonding with the ligands. We also found that 10 could significantly reduce the levels of lipolysis on mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, in silico, in vitro and crystallographic data provide useful hints for future development of novel inhibitors against FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cai
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufeng Liu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dingding Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guirui Yan
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Heyao Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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50
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, McGrath JC, Catterall WA, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ, Abul-Hasn N, Anderson CM, Anderson CMH, Araiksinen MS, Arita M, Arthofer E, Barker EL, Barratt C, Barnes NM, Bathgate R, Beart PM, Belelli D, Bennett AJ, Birdsall NJM, Boison D, Bonner TI, Brailsford L, Bröer S, Brown P, Calo G, Carter WG, Catterall WA, Chan SLF, Chao MV, Chiang N, Christopoulos A, Chun JJ, Cidlowski J, Clapham DE, Cockcroft S, Connor MA, Cox HM, Cuthbert A, Dautzenberg FM, Davenport AP, Dawson PA, Dent G, Dijksterhuis JP, Dollery CT, Dolphin AC, Donowitz M, Dubocovich ML, Eiden L, Eidne K, Evans BA, Fabbro D, Fahlke C, Farndale R, Fitzgerald GA, Fong TM, Fowler CJ, Fry JR, Funk CD, Futerman AH, Ganapathy V, Gaisnier B, Gershengorn MA, Goldin A, Goldman ID, Gundlach AL, Hagenbuch B, Hales TG, Hammond JR, Hamon M, Hancox JC, Hauger RL, Hay DL, Hobbs AJ, Hollenberg MD, Holliday ND, Hoyer D, Hynes NA, Inui KI, Ishii S, Jacobson KA, Jarvis GE, Jarvis MF, Jensen R, Jones CE, Jones RL, Kaibuchi K, Kanai Y, Kennedy C, Kerr ID, Khan AA, Klienz MJ, Kukkonen JP, Lapoint JY, Leurs R, Lingueglia E, Lippiat J, Lolait SJ, Lummis SCR, Lynch JW, MacEwan D, Maguire JJ, Marshall IL, May JM, McArdle CA, McGrath JC, Michel MC, Millar NS, Miller LJ, Mitolo V, Monk PN, Moore PK, Moorhouse AJ, Mouillac B, Murphy PM, Neubig RR, Neumaier J, Niesler B, Obaidat A, Offermanns S, Ohlstein E, Panaro MA, Parsons S, Pwrtwee RG, Petersen J, Pin JP, Poyner DR, Prigent S, Prossnitz ER, Pyne NJ, Pyne S, Quigley JG, Ramachandran R, Richelson EL, Roberts RE, Roskoski R, Ross RA, Roth M, Rudnick G, Ryan RM, Said SI, Schild L, Sanger GJ, Scholich K, Schousboe A, Schulte G, Schulz S, Serhan CN, Sexton PM, Sibley DR, Siegel JM, Singh G, Sitsapesan R, Smart TG, Smith DM, Soga T, Stahl A, Stewart G, Stoddart LA, Summers RJ, Thorens B, Thwaites DT, Toll L, Traynor JR, Usdin TB, Vandenberg RJ, Villalon C, Vore M, Waldman SA, Ward DT, Willars GB, Wonnacott SJ, Wright E, Ye RD, Yonezawa A, Zimmermann M. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: overview. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1449-58. [PMID: 24528237 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties from the IUPHAR database. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. This compilation of the major pharmacological targets is divided into seven areas of focus: G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors & Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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