1
|
Dereka B, Balanikas E, Rosspeintner A, Li Z, Liska R, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking and Localization in a Noncentrosymmetric Electron Donor-Acceptor-Donor Molecule. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8280-8286. [PMID: 39143858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Electronic excitation in quadrupolar conjugated molecules rapidly localizes on a single electron donor-acceptor (DA) branch when in polar environments. The loss of center of inversion upon this excited-state symmetry breaking (ES-SB) can be monitored by exploiting the relaxation of the exclusion rules for IR and Raman vibrational transitions. Here, we compare ES-SB in a right-angled (1) and a centrosymmetric (2) DAD dyes using time-resolved IR spectroscopy. We show that the localization of the excitation can also be identified with the bent molecule 1. We find that contrary to dye 2, subpopulations with localized and delocalized excitation coexist for 1 in weak to medium polar solvents. This difference originates from the torsional disorder present in the excited state of 1 but not of 2. Additionally, irreversible localization in a bent molecule is shown to require higher solvent polarity than in a centrosymmetric one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Balanikas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Balanikas E, Reymond-Joubin M, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in Solvent Mixtures. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2447-2452. [PMID: 38407054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A large number of multipolar dyes undergo excited-state symmetry breaking (ESSB) in polar media. During this process, electronic excitation, initially distributed evenly over the molecule, localizes, at least partially, on one donor-acceptor branch. To resolve its initial stage, ESSB is investigated with a donor-acceptor-donor dye in binary mixtures of nonpolar and polar solvents using time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy. The presence of a few polar molecules around the dye is sufficient to initiate ESSB. Although the extent of asymmetry in a mixture is close to that in a pure solvent of similar polarity, the dynamics are slower and involve translational diffusion. However, preferential solvation in the mixtures leads to a larger local polarity. Furthermore, inhomogeneous broadening of the S1 ← S0 absorption band of the dye is observed in the mixtures, allowing for a photoselection of solutes with different local environments and ESSB dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Balanikas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maric Reymond-Joubin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng S, Shao G, Wang K, Chen X, Xu J, Wang H, Wu D, Xia J. Efficient Energy Transfer in a Rylene Imide-Based Heterodimer: The Role of Intramolecular Electronic Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3249-3257. [PMID: 36975134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of antenna molecules with simplified structures can effectively avoid the complex exciton dynamics resulting from conformational mobility. Two distinct heterodimers TP and TBP comprising a perylenediimide (PDI) donor and terrylenediimide (TDI) acting as an energy sink were investigated. Tuned by varying functionalization positions, the bay-to-bay-linked TP offers a strong chromophore coupling, while the bay-to-N-linked TBP exhibits a weak chromophore coupling. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we found that TP underwent ultrafast vibrational relaxation (τVR < 400 fs) from upper vibrational energy levels of the singlet states after pumping at 490 nm, and followed by electron transfer (ET, τET = 2.5 ps) from TDI to PDI. TBP exhibited ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET, τEET = 0.48 ± 0.1 ps) from the excited PDI donor to TDI acceptor, and the subsequent charge transfer (CT) process was almost quenched. This result provides insight into designing novel small molecules capable of efficient energy transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Wang
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ivanov AI. Modeling the Effect of H-Bonding of Excited Quadrupolar Molecules with a Solvent on Charge Transfer Symmetry Breaking. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9038-9046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd400062, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sebastian E, Sunny J, Hariharan M. Excimer evolution hampers symmetry-broken charge-separated states. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10824-10835. [PMID: 36320683 PMCID: PMC9491171 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving long-lived symmetry-broken charge-separated states in chromophoric assemblies is quintessential for enhanced performance of artificial photosynthetic mimics. However, the occurrence of energy trap states hinders exciton and charge transport across photovoltaic devices, diminishing power conversion efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate unprecedented excimer formation in the relaxed excited-state geometry of bichromophoric systems impeding the lifetime of symmetry-broken charge-separated states. Core-annulated perylenediimide dimers (SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2) prefer a near-orthogonal arrangement in the ground state and a π-stacked foldamer structure in the excited state. The prospect of an excimer-like state in the foldameric arrangement of SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2 has been rationalized by fragment-based excited state analysis and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Effective electronic coupling matrix elements in the Franck-Condon geometry of SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2 facilitate solvation-assisted ultrafast symmetry-breaking charge-separation (SB-CS) in a high dielectric environment, in contrast to unrelaxed excimer formation (Ex*) in a low dielectric environment. Subsequently, the SB-CS state dissociates into an undesired relaxed excimer state (Ex) due to configuration mixing of a Frenkel exciton (FE) and charge-separated state in the foldamer structure, downgrading the efficacy of the charge-separated state. The decay rate constant of the FE to SB-CS (k FE→SB-CS) in polar solvents is 8-17 fold faster than that of direct Ex* formation (k FE→Ex*) in non-polar solvent (k FE→SB-CS≫k FE→Ex*), characterized by femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) spectroscopy. The present investigation establishes the impact of detrimental excimer formation on the persistence of the SB-CS state in chromophoric dimers and offers the requisite of conformational rigidity as one of the potential design principles for developing advanced molecular photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang K, Shao G, Peng S, You X, Chen X, Xu J, Huang H, Wang H, Wu D, Xia J. Achieving Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in Perylenediimide Trimers: The Effect of Bridge Resonance. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3758-3767. [PMID: 35559687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) provides a very promising option to engineer a novel light conversion scheme, while it is still a challenge to realize SB-CS in a nonpolar environment. The strength of electronic coupling plays a crucial role in determining the exciton dynamics of organic semiconductors. Herein, we describe how to mediate interchromophore coupling to achieve SB-CS in a nonpolar solvent by the use of two perylenediimide (PDI)-based trimers, 1,7-tri-PDI and 1,6-tri-PDI. Although functionalization at the N-atom decreases electronic coupling between PDI units, our strategy takes advantage of "bridge resonance", in which the frontier orbital energies are nearly degenerate with those of the covalently linked PDI units, leading to enhanced interchromophore electronic coupling. Tunable electronic coupling was realized by the judicious combination of "bridge resonance" with N-functionalization. The enhanced mixing between the S1 state and CT/CS states results in direct observation of the CT band in the steady-state UV-vis absorption and negative free energy of charge separation (ΔGCS) in both chloroform and toluene for the two trimers. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrated that photoinduced SB-CS in a nonpolar solvent is feasible. This work highlights that the use of "bridge resonance" is an effective way to control exciton dynamics of organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaoqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxiao You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huaxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huan Wang
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nemkovich NA, Detert H, Sobchuk AN, Tomin VI, Wróblewski T. Polarity and strong sensitivity to external electric field in azacrown oligophenylenevinylene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120824. [PMID: 35033755 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex study of quadrupolar azacrown dye (E,E)-5,5́-Bis[2-(4-(4',7',10',13',16'-pentaoxa-1 azacyclooctadecyl)phenyl)ethenyl]-2,2́-bipyridine 1 was performed. Electronic spectra of absorption and fluorescence in different solvents exhibit strong solvatochromism. Electrooptical absorption measurements (EOAM) were performed to determine the electric dipole moments. These measurements gave large values of dipole moments in the ground μg and Franck-Condon excited state μeFC equal to 6.8 ± 0.14C m and 39.3 ± 0.3C m, respectively. Furthermore, the results of EOAM suggest the existence two conformers in the ground state with close energies of electronic transitions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations directly show that the shape of this molecule is not planar in the ground state and also allows the existence of two stable conformers with close energies. They appeared due to different orientations of the left and right pyridine fragments of the solute. The energies, electric dipole moments and dependences of dipole moments on the strength of applied electric field were calculated for found stable conformers of 1. DFT calculations with TD / B3LYP / 3-21G and cc-pVDZ (Time Depend) approach show that external electric field increases dramatically the dipole moments of the solute under study. The higher field intensity the larger the excited electric dipole in the range intensities from zero to ∼ 2.8·× 10 9 V/m.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Nemkovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Natl. Acad. Sci. of Belarus, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - H Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - A N Sobchuk
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Natl. Acad. Sci. of Belarus, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - V I Tomin
- Department of Physics, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200 Poland.
| | - T Wróblewski
- Department of Physics, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200 Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rosendale M, Daniel J, Castet F, Pagano P, Verlhac JB, Blanchard-Desce M. Stealth Luminescent Organic Nanoparticles Made from Quadrupolar Dyes for Two-Photon Bioimaging: Effect of End-Groups and Core. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072230. [PMID: 35408628 PMCID: PMC9000497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular-based Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles (FONs) are versatile light-emitting nano-tools whose properties can be rationally addressed by bottom-up molecular engineering. A challenging property to gain control over is the interaction of the FONs’ surface with biological systems. Indeed, most types of nanoparticles tend to interact with biological membranes. To address this limitation, we recently reported on two-photon (2P) absorbing, red to near infrared (NIR) emitting quadrupolar extended dyes built from a benzothiadiazole core and diphenylamino endgroups that yield spontaneously stealth FONs. In this paper, we expand our understanding of the structure-property relationship between the dye structure and the FONs 2P absorption response, fluorescence and stealthiness by characterizing a dye-related series of FONs. We observe that increasing the strength of the donor end-groups or of the core acceptor in the quadrupolar (D-π-A-π-D) dye structure allows for the tuning of optical properties, notably red-shifting both the emission (from red to NIR) and 2P absorption spectra while inducing a decrease in their fluorescence quantum yield. Thanks to their strong 1P and 2P absorption, all FONs whose median size varies between 11 and 28 nm exhibit giant 1P (106 M−1.cm−1) and 2P (104 GM) brightness values. Interestingly, all FONs were found to be non-toxic, exhibit stealth behaviour, and show vanishing non-specific interactions with cell membranes. We postulate that the strong hydrophobic character and the rigidity of the FONs building blocks are crucial to controlling the stealth nano-bio interface.
Collapse
|
9
|
Antipov IF, Ivanov AI. Effect of Symmetry Breaking in Excited Quadrupole Molecules on Transition Dipole Moment. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13778-13788. [PMID: 34894694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Manifestations of charge transfer symmetry breaking in excited quadrupolar molecules in optical spectra are theoretically studied. The molecules are supposed to have π-conjugated structures of A-π-D-π-A or D-π-A-π-D character, where electron acceptors (A) or electron donors (D) are identical. A theory describing the effect of symmetry breaking and solvent fluctuations on the dipole moments of optical transitions associated with absorption by a quadrupolar dye in the ground and excited states, as well as fluorescence, is developed. Simple equations describing the influence of the symmetry breaking extent on the transition dipole moments are found. The orientational solvent fluctuations are predicted to decrease the transition dipole moment of the ground state absorption. The decrease does not exceed 10%. A considerably larger effect of symmetry breaking and the solvent fluctuations on the emission dipole moment is found. Equations describing dependencies of the transition dipole moment associated with excited state absorption on the solvent polarity and the parameters of the dye are derived. The scale of the changes in the transition dipole moments due to symmetry breaking in the excited state are determined. The influence of the polar solvent fluctuations is also taken into account. The theoretical findings are shown to be consistent with the available experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan F Antipov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mitsui M, Takakura Y, Hirata K, Niihori Y, Fujiwara Y, Kobayashi K. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in a Multiple Multipolar Chromophore Probed by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9950-9959. [PMID: 34455782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state symmetry breaking (ESB) has attracted much attention because it is often observed in symmetric multipolar chromophores designed as two-photon absorption/emission materials. Herein, we report an ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy investigation of ESB in hexakis[4-(p-dioctylaminostyryl)phenylethynyl]benzene(DB6), a two-photon absorber possessing a C6-symmetric π-D6 structure (π = hexaethynylbenzene, D = (p-dioctylaminostyryl)phenyl group) consisting of three equivalent D-π-D moieties. Ensemble and single-molecule measurements and theoretical calculations revealed that DB6 undergoes a photoabsorption process with two orthogonal transition dipole moments, whereas it fluoresces with a single transition dipole moment after one- or two-step ESB upon photoexcitation, depending on the environmental polarity. In nonpolar solvents and polymer films, one of the three D-π-D sites becomes planar, and the excited state is localized on this moiety: a [Dδ+-πδ--Dδ+]* quadrupolar state is formed. In polar solvents, the symmetry is further broken within the planarized D-π-D moiety, and the excited state is localized on one of the two D-π sites; i.e., a D-[πδ--Dδ+]* dipolar state is generated. Hence, DB6 can behave like a multichromophore with multiple emission sites in the molecule, which was demonstrated by stepwise photobleaching under photon antibunching conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takakura
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hirata
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bondarev SL, Raichenok TF, Tikhomirov SA, Kozlov NG, Mikhailova TV, Ivanov AI. Symmetry Breaking in an Excited Quadrupolar Acridine-Dione Derivative Driven by Hydrogen Bonding. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8117-8124. [PMID: 34266232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An acridine-dione derivative (3,3,11,11-tetramethyl-8,16-diphenyl-3,4,8,10,11,12,13,16-octahydroacridino[4,3-c]acridine-1.9(2H,5H)dion) with quadrupolar motif has been synthesized and its stationary and transient spectra have been measured. Stationary absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as nonstationary spectra show no signs of symmetry breaking (SB) in aprotic solvents, even of high polarity. The specific features of SB are revealed in alcohol solvents through a considerable red shift of stationary fluorescence spectra and the appearance of a new excited state absorption band in transient absorption spectra. SB is due to the formation of asymmetric strong hydrogen bonds, mainly on one side of the molecule. An unexpected regularity of symmetry breaking is found in mixtures of aprotic dimethylformamide and protic methanol, where methanol acts as a fluorescence quencher. It is revealed that there is no quenching as long as the methanol concentration is less than the critical value of 9 M. This leads to the conclusion that SB in such mixtures is possible only if the concentration of the protic solvent exceeds a certain threshold value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav L Bondarev
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Tamara F Raichenok
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sergei A Tikhomirov
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Prospect Nezavisimosti 68, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Nikolai G Kozlov
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganov str. 13, Minsk BY-220072, Republic of Belarus
| | | | - Anatoly I Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nemkovich NA, Detert H, Sobchuk AN, Tomin VI, Wróblewski T. Solvatochromy and symmetry breaking in two quadrupolar oligophenylenevinylenes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119395. [PMID: 33440287 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrooptical absorption measurements (EOAM), solvatochromic dependences and quantum chemical simulations testify to large dipole moments change of two quadrupolar oligophenylenevinylenes upon transition to Franck-Condon excited state μeFC. The values of the dipole moments μg and μeFC are in the range [(4.2 - 4.9)1030] C m and (30.8 - 47.0)1030C m, respectively. The relations of dipole moments in the ground and excited states determined by EOAM correlate well with results obtained via the solvatochromic method. Calculations carried out by density functional theory (DFT) show that optimized configuration of the ground state of these molecules is not planar. The results from all methods applied unequivocally show the structural symmetry breaking in the studied compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Nemkovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NASB, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - H Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A N Sobchuk
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NASB, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - V I Tomin
- Physics Department, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200, Poland
| | - T Wróblewski
- Physics Department, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ferger M, Ban Ž, Krošl I, Tomić S, Dietrich L, Lorenzen S, Rauch F, Sieh D, Friedrich A, Griesbeck S, Kenđel A, Miljanić S, Piantanida I, Marder TB. Bis(phenylethynyl)arene Linkers in Tetracationic Bis-triarylborane Chromophores Control Fluorimetric and Raman Sensing of Various DNAs and RNAs. Chemistry 2021; 27:5142-5159. [PMID: 33411942 PMCID: PMC8048639 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report four new luminescent tetracationic bis-triarylborane DNA and RNA sensors that show high binding affinities, in several cases even in the nanomolar range. Three of the compounds contain substituted, highly emissive and structurally flexible bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl-4-ethynyl)arene linkers (3: arene=5,5'-2,2'-bithiophene; 4: arene=1,4-benzene; 5: arene=9,10-anthracene) between the two boryl moieties and serve as efficient dual Raman and fluorescence chromophores. The shorter analogue 6 employs 9,10-anthracene as the linker and demonstrates the importance of an adequate linker length with a certain level of flexibility by exhibiting generally lower binding affinities than 3-5. Pronounced aggregation-deaggregation processes are observed in fluorimetric titration experiments with DNA for compounds 3 and 5. Molecular modelling of complexes of 5 with AT-DNA, suggest the minor groove as the dominant binding site for monomeric 5, but demonstrate that dimers of 5 can also be accommodated. Strong SERS responses for 3-5 versus a very weak response for 6, particularly the strong signals from anthracene itself observed for 5 but not for 6, demonstrate the importance of triple bonds for strong Raman activity in molecules of this compound class. The energy of the characteristic stretching vibration of the C≡C bonds is significantly dependent on the aromatic moiety between the triple bonds. The insertion of aromatic moieties between two C≡C bonds thus offers an alternative design for dual Raman and fluorescence chromophores, applicable in multiplex biological Raman imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ferger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivona Krošl
- Division of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Lena Dietrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Adriana Kenđel
- Division of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a10000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Snežana Miljanić
- Division of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a10000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Y, Zhu X, Launay J, Hong C, Su S, Wen Y, Wu X, Sheng T. The Electron Transfer Process in Mixed Valence Compounds with a Low‐lying Energy Bridge in Different Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Xiao‐Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- Department of Criminal Investigation Fujian Police College Fuzhou 350007 Fujian China
| | - Jean‐Pierre Launay
- Université de Toulouse CEMES-CNRS 29 rue Jeanne Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
| | - Cheng‐Bin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Shao‐Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Yue‐Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Xin‐Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Tian‐Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang Y, Zhu X, Launay J, Hong C, Su S, Wen Y, Wu X, Sheng T. The Electron Transfer Process in Mixed Valence Compounds with a Low‐lying Energy Bridge in Different Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4804-4814. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Xiao‐Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- Department of Criminal Investigation Fujian Police College Fuzhou 350007 Fujian China
| | - Jean‐Pierre Launay
- Université de Toulouse CEMES-CNRS 29 rue Jeanne Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
| | - Cheng‐Bin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Shao‐Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Yue‐Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Xin‐Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| | - Tian‐Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou 350002 Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nazarov AE, Ivanov AI. Nonstationary Theory of Excited State Charge Transfer Symmetry Breaking Driven by Polar Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10787-10801. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E. Nazarov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Riese S, Brand JS, Mims D, Holzapfel M, Lukzen NN, Steiner UE, Lambert C. Giant magnetic field effects in donor–acceptor triads: On the charge separation and recombination dynamics in triarylamine–naphthalenediimide triads with bis-diyprrinato-palladium(II), porphodimethenato-palladium(II), and palladium(II)–porphyrin photosensitizers. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054306. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0013941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Riese
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica S. Brand
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Mims
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikita N. Lukzen
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ulrich E. Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 14, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dereka B, Svechkarev D, Rosspeintner A, Aster A, Lunzer M, Liska R, Mohs AM, Vauthey E. Solvent tuning of photochemistry upon excited-state symmetry breaking. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1925. [PMID: 32317631 PMCID: PMC7174366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the electronic excited state of many symmetric multibranched donor–acceptor molecules varies from delocalized/multipolar to localized/dipolar depending on the environment. Solvent-driven localization breaks the symmetry and traps the exciton in one branch. Using a combination of ultrafast spectroscopies, we investigate how such excited-state symmetry breaking affects the photochemical reactivity of quadrupolar and octupolar A–(π-D)2,3 molecules with photoisomerizable A–π–D branches. Excited-state symmetry breaking is identified by monitoring several spectroscopic signatures of the multipolar delocalized exciton, including the S2 ← S1 electronic transition, whose energy reflects interbranch coupling. It occurs in all but nonpolar solvents. In polar media, it is rapidly followed by an alkyne–allene isomerization of the excited branch. In nonpolar solvents, slow and reversible isomerization corresponding to chemically-driven symmetry breaking, is observed. These findings reveal that the photoreactivity of large conjugated molecules can be tuned by controlling the localization of the excitation. Symmetric multibranched donor-acceptor molecules are promising photoactive materials for diverse applications. Here the authors show that, in octupolar and quadrupolar dyes, excited-state symmetry breaking occurs efficiently in polar solvents only and results in a concentration of the excitation that may trigger fast photochemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Denis Svechkarev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Aster
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lunzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aaron M Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6858, USA
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Łukasiewicz ŁG, Rammo M, Stark C, Krzeszewski M, Jacquemin D, Rebane A, Gryko DT. Ground‐ and Excited‐State Symmetry Breaking and Solvatofluorochromism in Centrosymmetric Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrroles Possessing two Nitro Groups. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz G. Łukasiewicz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Matt Rammo
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Charlie Stark
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM laboratory – UMR 6230University of Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
- Department of PhysicsMontana State University Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Niu X, Kuang Z, Planells M, Guo Y, Robertson N, Xia A. Electron-donating strength dependent symmetry breaking charge transfer dynamics of quadrupolar molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15743-15750. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent induced excited state symmetry breaking processes of donor–acceptor–donor quadrupolar dyes are successfully tracked in real-time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Miquel Planells
- EastChem – School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Neil Robertson
- EastChem – School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Griesbeck S, Michail E, Rauch F, Ogasawara H, Wang C, Sato Y, Edkins RM, Zhang Z, Taki M, Lambert C, Yamaguchi S, Marder TB. The Effect of Branching on the One- and Two-Photon Absorption, Cell Viability, and Localization of Cationic Triarylborane Chromophores with Dipolar versus Octupolar Charge Distributions for Cellular Imaging. Chemistry 2019; 25:13164-13175. [PMID: 31322301 PMCID: PMC6857003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Two different chromophores, namely a dipolar and an octupolar system, were prepared and their linear and nonlinear optical properties as well as their bioimaging capabilities were compared. Both contain triphenylamine as the donor and a triarylborane as the acceptor, the latter modified with cationic trimethylammonio groups to provide solubility in aqueous media. The octupolar system exhibits a much higher two-photon brightness, and also better cell viability and enhanced selectivity for lysosomes compared with the dipolar chromophore. Furthermore, both dyes were applied in two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) live-cell imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Hiroaki Ogasawara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-MoleculesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Institute of Transformative Bio-MoleculesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-MoleculesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Robert M. Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
- Department of Pure & Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityQianjin StreetChangchunP. R. China
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-MoleculesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| | | | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ivanov AI, Tkachev VG. Exact solution of three-level model of excited state electron transfer symmetry breaking in quadrupolar molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5116015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Söderberg M, Dereka B, Marrocchi A, Carlotti B, Vauthey E. Ground-State Structural Disorder and Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in a Quadrupolar Molecule. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2944-2948. [PMID: 31081644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of torsional disorder around the ethynyl π-bridges of a linear D-π-A-π-D molecule on the nature of its S1 excited state was investigated using ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. By tuning the pump wavelength throughout the S1 ← S0 absorption band, subpopulations with different extents of asymmetry could be excited. In nonpolar solvents, the equilibrated S1 state is symmetric and quadrupolar independently of the initial degree of distortion. Photoexcitation of distorted molecules is followed by planarization and symmetrization of the S1 state. Excited-state symmetry breaking is only observed in polar environments, where the equilibrated S1 state has a strong dipolar character. However, neither the extent nor the rate of symmetry breaking are enhanced in an initially distorted molecule. They are only determined by the polarity and the dynamic properties of the solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Söderberg
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Assunta Marrocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Griesbeck S, Michail E, Wang C, Ogasawara H, Lorenzen S, Gerstner L, Zang T, Nitsch J, Sato Y, Bertermann R, Taki M, Lambert C, Yamaguchi S, Marder TB. Tuning the π-bridge of quadrupolar triarylborane chromophores for one- and two-photon excited fluorescence imaging of lysosomes in live cells. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5405-5422. [PMID: 31217943 PMCID: PMC6549598 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of tetracationic quadrupolar chromophores containing three-coordinate boron π-acceptors linked by different π-bridges, namely 4,4'-biphenyl, 2,7-pyrene, 2,7-fluorene, 3,6-carbazole and 5,5'-di(thien-2-yl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole, were synthesized. While their neutral precursors 1-5 displayed highly solvatochromic fluorescence, the water-soluble tetracationic target molecules 1M-5M, did not, but their emission colour could be tuned from blue to pink by changing the π-bridge. Compound 5M, containing the diketopyrrolopyrrole bridge, exhibits the most red-shifted absorption and emission maxima and the largest two-photon absorption cross-section (4560 GM at 740 nm in MeCN). Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy studies in live cells confirm localization of the dye at the lysosome. Moreover, the low cytotoxicity, and high photostability of 5M combined with two-photon excited fluorescence imaging studies demonstrate its excellent potential for lysosomal imaging in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Hiroaki Ogasawara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Lukas Gerstner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Theresa Zang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan .
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Auerhammer N, Schulz A, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Hoche J, Röhr MIS, Mitric R, Lambert C. Dynamic exciton localisation in a pyrene-BODIPY-pyrene dye conjugate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9013-9025. [PMID: 30931442 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00908f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of a molecular triad consisting of a BODIPY dye and two pyrene chromophores attached in 2-position are investigated by steady state and fs-time resolved transient absorption spectroscopy as well as by field induced surface hopping (FISH) simulations. While the steady state measurements indicate moderate chromophore interactions within the triad, the time resolved measurements show upon pyrene excitation a delocalised excited state which localises onto the BODIPY chromophore with a time constant of 0.12 ps. This could either be interpreted as an internal conversion process within the excitonically coupled chromophores or as an energy transfer from the pyrenes to the BODIPY dye. The analysis of FISH-trajectories reveals an oscillatory behaviour where the excitation hops between the pyrene units and the BODIPY dye several times until finally they become localised on the BODIPY chromophore within 100 fs. This is accompanied by an ultrafast nonradiative relaxation within the excitonic manifold mediated by the nonadiabatic coupling. Averaging over an ensemble of trajectories allowed us to simulate the electronic state population dynamics and determine the time constants for the nonradiative transitions that mediate the ultrafast energy transfer and exciton localisation on BODIPY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Auerhammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Żyła‐Karwowska M, Moshniaha L, Hong Y, Zhylitskaya H, Cybińska J, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kim D, Stępień M. Electron‐Deficient Bipyrrole Boomerangs: Bright Fluorophores Obtained via Double C−H Bond Activation. Chemistry 2018; 24:7525-7530. [PMID: 29570876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliia Moshniaha
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of ChemistryYonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seoul 120–749 Korea
| | - Halina Zhylitskaya
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
- Wrocławskie Centrum Badań EIT+ ul. Stabłowicka 147 54–066 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of ChemistryYonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seoul 120–749 Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nemkovich N, Detert H, Schmitt V. Structural symmetry breaking in octupolar tetrastyrylpyrazines and their dipole moments in equilibrium ground and Franck-Condon excited state. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Cesaretti A, Carlotti B, Elisei F, Fortuna CG, Spalletti A. Photoinduced ICT vs. excited rotamer intercoversion in two quadrupolar polyaromatic N-methylpyridinium cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2851-2864. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excited state deactivation of two quadrupolar polyaromatic N-methylpyridinium cations is ruled by either Rotamer Interconversion (RI) in the molecule bearing two naphthyl side groups or Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) by extending the aromaticity in the pyrenyl derivative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - B. Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - F. Elisei
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - C. G. Fortuna
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - A. Spalletti
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dereka B, Rosspeintner A, Stężycki R, Ruckebusch C, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in a Quadrupolar Molecule Visualized in Time and Space. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6029-6034. [PMID: 29190104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the length of the push-pull branches of quadrupolar molecules on their excited-state symmetry breaking was investigated using ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. For this, the excited-state dynamics of an A-π-D-π-A molecule was compared with those of an ADA analogue, where the same electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) subunits are directly linked without a phenylethynyl π-spacer. The spatial distribution of the excitation was visualized in real time by monitoring C≡C and C≡N vibrational modes localized in the spacer and acceptor units, respectively. In nonpolar solvents, the excited state is quadrupolar and the excitation is localized on the π-D-π center. In medium polarity solvents, the excitation spreads over the entire molecule but is no longer symmetric. Finally, in the most polar solvents, the excitation localizes on a single D-π-A branch, contrary to the ADA analogue where symmetry breaking is only partial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cyril Ruckebusch
- Université de Lille , CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, Lille 59000, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Beckwith JS, Rosspeintner A, Licari G, Lunzer M, Holzer B, Fröhlich J, Vauthey E. Specific Monitoring of Excited-State Symmetry Breaking by Femtosecond Broadband Fluorescence Upconversion Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5878-5883. [PMID: 29144140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most quadrupolar molecules designed for large two-photon absorption cross section have been shown to undergo symmetry breaking upon excitation to the S1 state. This was originally deduced from their strong fluorescence solvatochromism and later visualized in real time using transient infrared spectroscopy. For molecules not containing clear IR marker modes, however, a specific real-time observation of the symmetry breaking process remains lacking. Here we show that this process can be resolved using broadband fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy by monitoring the instantaneous emission transition dipole moment. This approach is illustrated with measurements performed on two quadrupolar molecules, with only one of them undergoing excited-state symmetry breaking in polar solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Beckwith
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Licari
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lunzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163OC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Holzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163OC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Fröhlich
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163OC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dereka B, Vauthey E. Solute-Solvent Interactions and Excited-State Symmetry Breaking: Beyond the Dipole-Dipole and the Hydrogen-Bond Interactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3927-3932. [PMID: 28786689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry breaking of the excited state of a linear quadrupolar acceptor-donor-acceptor molecule was investigated using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy in 55 solvents allowing the influence of several solute-solvent interactions to be examined separately. No symmetry breaking was found in nonpolar solvents irrespective of their refractive index, indicating that differences in dispersion interactions between the two arms of the molecule do not suffice to induce an asymmetric distribution of the excitation. However, symmetry breaking was observed in nondipolar but quadrupolar solvents like benzene to an extent that can be as large as that found in medium dipolar solvents like THF. Whereas larger symmetry breaking occurs in the most dipolar solvents, the strongest are observed in protic solvents due to hydrogen bonding. Strong evidence of the formation of halogen bonds in the excited state is also presented, confirming the idea of symmetry-breaking-induced asymmetrical photochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Łukasiewicz ŁG, Ryu HG, Mikhaylov A, Azarias C, Banasiewicz M, Kozankiewicz B, Ahn KH, Jacquemin D, Rebane A, Gryko DT. Symmetry Breaking in Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles: Synthesis, Solvatofluorochromism and Two-photon Absorption. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1736-1748. [PMID: 28398672 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Five centrosymmetric and one dipolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles, possessing either two or one strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group have been synthesized in a straightforward manner from simple building blocks. For the symmetric compounds, the nitroaryl groups induced spontaneous breaking of inversion symmetry in the excited state, thereby leading to large solvatofluorochromism. To study the origin of this effect, the series employed peripheral structural motifs that control the degree of conjugation via altering of dihedral angle between the 4-nitrophenyl moiety and the electron-rich core. We observed that for compounds with a larger dihedral angle, the fluorescence quantum yield decreased quickly when exposed to even moderately polar solvents. Reducing the dihedral angle (i.e., placing the nitrobenzene moiety in the same plane as the rest of the molecule) moderated the dependence on solvent polarity so that the dye exhibited significant emission, even in THF. To investigate at what stage the symmetry breaking occurs, we measured two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra and 2PA cross-sections (σ2PA ) for all six compounds. The 2PA transition profile of the dipolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, followed the corresponding one-photon absorption (1PA) spectrum, which provided an estimate of the change of the permanent electric dipole upon transition, ≈18 D. The nominally symmetric compounds displayed an allowed 2PA transition in the wavelength range of 700-900 nm. The expansion via a triple bond resulted in the largest peak value, σ2PA =770 GM, whereas altering the dihedral angle had no effect other than reducing the peak value two- or even three-fold. In the S0 →S1 transition region, the symmetric structures also showed a partial overlap between 2PA and 1PA transitions in the long-wavelength wing of the band, from which a tentative, relatively small dipole moment change, 2-7 D, was deduced, thus suggesting that some small symmetry breaking may be possible in the ground state, even before major symmetry breaking occurs in the excited state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz G Łukasiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hye Gun Ryu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Korea
| | | | - Cloé Azarias
- CEISAM laboratory-UMR 6230, University of Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM laboratory-UMR 6230, University of Nantes, 2, rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.,National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ivanov AI, Dereka B, Vauthey E. A simple model of solvent-induced symmetry-breaking charge transfer in excited quadrupolar molecules. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:164306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Langhals H. Heterocyclic structures applied as efficient molecular probes for the investigation of chemically important interactions in the liquid phase. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
35
|
Purc A, Koszarna B, Iachina I, Friese DH, Tasior M, Sobczyk K, Pędziński T, Brewer J, Gryko DT. The impact of interplay between electronic and steric effects on the synthesis and the linear and non-linear optical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole bearing benzofuran moieties. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00869k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzofuran has been proven to be the versatile substituent for tuning the optics of diketopyrrolopyrroles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Purc
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Irina Iachina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Southern Denmark
- Odense 200-701
- Denmark
| | - Daniel H. Friese
- Universitetet i Tromsø - Norges Arktiske Universitet
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sobczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Jonathan Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Southern Denmark
- Odense 200-701
- Denmark
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dereka B, Rosspeintner A, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Transfer and Hydrogen Bonding: Toward Asymmetrical Photochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15624-15628. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dereka B, Rosspeintner A, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Transfer and Hydrogen Bonding: Toward Asymmetrical Photochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dozova N, Ventelon L, Clermont G, Blanchard-Desce M, Plaza P. Excited-state symmetry breaking of linear quadrupolar chromophores: A transient absorption study. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
39
|
Kim W, Sung J, Grzybowski M, Gryko DT, Kim D. Modulation of Symmetry-Breaking Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Dynamics Assisted by Pendant Side Chains in π-Linkers in Quadrupolar Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3060-3066. [PMID: 27455383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the length of pendant side chains in centrosymmetric quadrupolar molecules on dynamics of their most perplexing photophysical phenomenon, i.e., symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge transfer, has been discovered. Unexpectedly, considerable influence of length of these pendant side chains in π-linkers arose as a structural factor enabling the control of the degree of fluorescence solvatochromism. The symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge-transfer dynamics has been described on quadrupolar diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives possessing fluorene moieties as π-linkers and diarylamino groups as electron donors. On the basis of the evolution of transient fluorescence spectra obtained by a femtosecond broadband fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy, it was found that the relative contribution of diffusive solvation and torsional relaxation in overall spectral relaxation can be modulated by the length of pendant side chain in π-linkers. Consequently, we demonstrated that this modulation plays a significant role in determining the photophysical properties of diketopyrrolopyrroles in a polar medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Woo SJ, Park S, Jeong JE, Hong Y, Ku M, Kim BY, Jang IH, Heo SC, Wang T, Kim KH, Yang J, Kim JH, Woo HY. Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Biological Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:15937-15947. [PMID: 27267787 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores attract increasing attention as a molecular marker (or probe) for in vivo and in vitro biological fluorescence imaging. Three types of new NIR fluorescent conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs: Q-FlTBTTFl, Q-FlBBTFl, and Q-FlTBBTTFl) are synthesized with quaternized ammonium ionic groups in their side-chains for water solubility. The emission wavelength is modulated in the range 600-1300 nm, by adjusting the intramolecular charge transfer in the molecular backbone based on the electron-rich fluorene (and/or thiophene) and electron-deficient benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (or benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole) moieties. The COEs show a remarkably larger Stokes shift (147-276 nm) compared to commercial rhodamine and cyanine dyes in water, avoiding self-quenching and interference from the excitation backscattered light. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency is improved substantially by up to 27.8% in water by fabricating a vesicular complex, COE/v, with a block ionomer, poly[(ethylene oxide)-block-(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate)]. In vitro cellular uptake images with the COEs are obtained with good biocompatibility by confocal single-photon and two-photon microscopy. The ex vivo and in vivo images of a mouse xenograft model treated with the Q-FlBBTFl/v exhibit a substantially stronger fluorescence signal at the tumor site than at the other organs, highlighting the potential of the COE/v as an NIR fluorescent imaging agent for the diagnosis of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Jae Woo
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoochan Hong
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Ku
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yun Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University , Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University , Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Heo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University , Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Wang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University , Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schäfer M, Beattie NA, Geetharani K, Schäfer J, Ewing WC, Krahfuß M, Hörl C, Dewhurst RD, Macgregor SA, Lambert C, Braunschweig H. Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4-Azaborinines by the Cyclization of Di-tert-butyliminoborane and Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8212-20. [PMID: 27286231 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Di-tert-butyliminoborane is found to be a very useful synthon for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized 1,4-azaborinines by the Rh-mediated cyclization of iminoboranes with alkynes. The reactions proceed via [2 + 2] cycloaddition of iminoboranes and alkynes in the presence of [RhCl(PiPr3)2]2, which gives a rhodium η(4)-1,2-azaborete complex that yields 1,4-azaborinines upon reaction with acetylene. This reaction is compatible with substrates containing more than one alkynyl unit, cleanly affording compounds containing multiple 1,4-azaborinines. The substitution of terminal alkynes for acetylene also led to 1,4-azaborinines, enabling ring substitution at a predetermined location. We report the first general synthesis of this new methodology, which provides highly regioselective access to valuable 1,4-azaborinines in moderate yields. A mechanistic rationale for this reaction is supported by DFT calculations, which show the observed regioselectivity to arise from steric effects in the B-C bond coupling en route to the rhodium η(4)-1,2-azaborete complex and the selective oxidative cleavage of the B-N bond of the 1,2-azaborete ligand in its subsequent reaction with acetylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schäfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas A Beattie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - K Geetharani
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schäfer
- Insitute für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - William C Ewing
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Krahfuß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Hörl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Insitute für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schäfer M, Schäfer J, Dewhurst RD, Ewing WC, Krahfuß M, Kuntze-Fechner MW, Wehner M, Lambert C, Braunschweig H. Regioselective Catalytic and Stepwise Routes to Bulky, Functional-Group-Appended, and Luminescent 1,2-Azaborinines. Chemistry 2016; 22:8603-9. [PMID: 27166798 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The regioselective syntheses of 1,2-azaborinines is achieved using an unsymmetrical iminoborane through both catalytic and stepwise modular routes. The 1,2-azaborinine ring can be selectively functionalized in the 4- and/or 6-position through control of the stepwise reaction sequence, allowing access to vinyl-functionalized and redox-active, luminescent, donor-functionalized 1,2-azaborinines. The electrochemistry and photochemistry of a tetraarylamine-substituted 1,2-azaborinine are studied. Cyclic voltammetry of this compound, relative to a non-B,N-substituted reference molecule, showed an additional oxidation wave assigned to the oxidation of the azaborinine ring, while emission spectroscopy indicated that the azaborinine was significantly more fluorescent than the reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schäfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schäfer
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - William C Ewing
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Krahfuß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian W Kuntze-Fechner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marius Wehner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dereka B, Rosspeintner A, Li Z, Liska R, Vauthey E. Direct Visualization of Excited-State Symmetry Breaking Using Ultrafast Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4643-9. [PMID: 26986957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most symmetric quadrupolar molecules designed for two-photon absorption behave as dipolar molecules in the S1 electronic excited state. This is usually explained by a breakup of the symmetry in the excited state. However, the origin of this process and its dynamics are still not fully understood. Here, excited-state symmetry breaking in a quadrupolar molecule with a D-π-A-π-D motif, where D and A are electron donating and accepting units, is observed in real time using ultrafast transient infrared absorption spectroscopy. The nature of the relaxed S1 state was found to strongly depend on the solvent polarity: (1) in nonpolar solvents, it is symmetric and quadrupolar; (2) in weakly polar media, the quadrupolar state observed directly after excitation transforms to a symmetry broken S1 state with one arm bearing more excitation than the other; and (3) in highly polar solvents, the excited state evolves further to a purely dipolar S1 state with the excitation localized entirely on one arm. The time scales associated with the transitions between these states coincide with those of solvation dynamics, indicating that symmetry breaking is governed by solvent fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Friese DH, Mikhaylov A, Krzeszewski M, Poronik YM, Rebane A, Ruud K, Gryko DT. Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles-From Unprecedented Solvatofluorochromism to Two-Photon Absorption. Chemistry 2015; 21:18364-74. [PMID: 26511232 PMCID: PMC4713190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and theoretical study of the two-photon absorption (2PA) properties of a series of quadrupolar molecules possessing a highly electron-rich heterocyclic core, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, is presented. In agreement with quantum-chemical calculations, large 2PA cross-section values, σ2PA ≈10(2) -10(3) GM (1 GM=10(50) cm(4) s photon(-1) ), are observed at wavelengths of 650-700 nm, which correspond to the two-photon allowed but one-photon forbidden transitions. The calculations also predict that increased planarity of this molecule through removal of two N-substituents leads to further increase in the σ2PA values. Surprisingly, the most quadrupolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative, containing two 4-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, demonstrates a very strong solvatofluorochromic effect, with a fluorescence quantum yield as high as 0.96 in cyclohexane, whereas the fluorescence vanishes in DMSO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Friese
- Universitetet i Tromsø-Norges Arktiske Universitet, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø (Norway)
| | | | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland)
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 (USA).
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia Tee 23, 12618 Tallinn (Estonia).
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Universitetet i Tromsø-Norges Arktiske Universitet, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø (Norway).
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw (Poland).
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kaupp M, Gückel S, Renz M, Klawohn S, Theilacker K, Parthey M, Lambert C. Electron transfer pathways in mixed-valence paracyclophane-bridged bis-triarylamine radical cations. J Comput Chem 2015; 37:93-102. [PMID: 26265245 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Simon Gückel
- Technische Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Manuel Renz
- Technische Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Sascha Klawohn
- Technische Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Kolja Theilacker
- Technische Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Parthey
- Technische Universität Berlin; Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Matsumoto S, Sakamoto K. Systematic Investigation of Fluorescence Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric Diazolo[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]quinoxaline Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-15-13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
47
|
Yao B, Ye X, Zhang J, Wan X. Electrochromism of a Fused Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Triad Covering Entire UV–vis and Near-Infrared Regions. Org Lett 2014; 16:5378-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502594m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xichong Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Herterich J, Zeißner S, Fischer I. Gas-phase-IR and Solid-State Raman Investigation of Paracyclophanes. Z PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The vibrational structures of three paracyclophanes were investigated, ortho-dihydroxy-[2.2]paracyclophane (o-DHPC), mono-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane (MHPC) and 2,11-dithia[3.3]paracyclophane (2SPC). Gas-phase infrared spectroscopy helps to identify the most stable isomer of o-DHPC and MHPC in the gas phase, while FT-Raman spectroscopy was used to study S2PC. For o-DHPC the IR spectrum confirms that the EZ-rotamer dominates, while for MHPC the spectra agree better with the Z-rotamer, but are not unambiguous. The Raman spectrum of 2SPC showed a dominance of the trans isomer in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Herterich
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - Susanne Zeißner
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rouxel C, Charlot M, Mongin O, Krishna TR, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Blanchard-Desce M. From Graftable Biphotonic Chromophores to Water-Soluble Organic Nanodots for Biophotonics: The Importance of Environmental Effects. Chemistry 2012; 18:16450-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
50
|
Gas-phase-IR and Solid-State Raman Investigation of Paracyclophanes. Z PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2012.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|