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Buachi C, Thananukul K, Khongphinitbunjong K, Molloy R, Punyamoonwongsa P. A single-step extraction and immobilization of soybean lipolytic enzymes by using a purpose-designed copolymer of styrene and maleic acid as a membrane lysis agent. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31313. [PMID: 38831811 PMCID: PMC11145489 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Approaches aiming to recover proteins without denaturation represent attractive strategies. To accomplish this, a membrane lysis agent based on poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) or PSMA was synthesized by photopolymerization using Irgacure® 2959 and carbon tetrabromide (CBr4) as a radical initiator and a reversible chain transfer agent, respectively. Structural elucidation of our in-house synthesized PSMA, so-called photo-PSMA, was performed by using NMR spectroscopy. The use of this photo-PSMA in soybean enzyme extraction was also demonstrated for the first time in this study. Without a severe cell rupture, energy input or any organic solvent, recovery of lipolytic enzymes directly into nanometric-sized particles was accomplished in one-step process. Due to the improved structural regularity along the photo-PSMA backbone, the most effective protective reservoir for enzyme immobilization was generated through the PSMA aggregation. Formation of such reservoir enabled soybean enzymes to be shielded from the surroundings and resolved in their full functioning state. This was convinced by the increased specific lipolytic activity to 1,950 mU/mg, significantly higher than those of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the two commercially-available PSMA sources (1000P and 2000P). Our photo-PSMA had thus demonstrated its great potential for cell lyse application, especially for soybean hydrolase extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatmani Buachi
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | | | | | - Robert Molloy
- Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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2
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Hove HTB, Næsheim T, Kögel T. Quick and efficient microplastic isolation from fatty fish tissues by surfactant-enhanced alkaline digestion. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115726. [PMID: 37925993 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
For monitoring microplastic contamination in fish tissues, tissue digestion into filterable components prior to microplastic identification and quantification should be quick and efficient, providing satisfying microplastic recoveries of relevant particle sizes. Filtration with a small pore size, necessary to target small particles, is a challenge. Some proposed protocols take several days. To improve this, a combination of surfactants (Tween®-20 and Triton™ X-100) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and pH neutralization was used. Fish bones were removed in tissue preparation prior to digestion. Recovery down to ca. 60-80 μm worked well for PA-66, PE, PET, PP, PS and PVC. In conclusion, we developed a comparatively swift digestion protocol, enabling filtration of 100 g samples with a pore size of 10 μm, for fish fillets with high (mackerel), intermediate (salmon, plaice) and low (cod) fat contents, fish liver, head kidney and oil samples, within 16-24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Næsheim
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; EUROFINS, Sandviksveien 110, 5035 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tanja Kögel
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
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3
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El-Beyrouthy J, Makhoul-Mansour MM, Freeman EC. Studying the Mechanics of Membrane Permeabilization through Mechanoelectricity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6120-6130. [PMID: 35073482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this research, real-time monitoring of lipid membrane disruption is made possible by exploiting the dynamic properties of model lipid bilayers formed at oil-water interfaces. This involves tracking an electrical signal generated through rhythmic membrane perturbation translated into the adsorption and penetration of charged species within the membrane. Importantly, this allows for the detection of membrane surface interactions that occur prior to pore formation that may be otherwise undetected. The requisite dynamic membranes for this approach are made possible through the droplet interface bilayer (DIB) technique. Membranes are formed at the interface of lipid monolayer-coated aqueous droplets submerged in oil. We present how cyclically alternating the membrane area leads to the generation of mechanoelectric current. This current is negligible without a transmembrane voltage until a composition mismatch between the membrane monolayers is produced, such as a one-sided accumulation of disruptive agents. The generated mechanoelectric current is then eliminated when an applied electric field compensates for this asymmetry, enabling measurement of the transmembrane potential offset. Tracking the compensating voltage with respect to time then reveals the gradual accumulation of disruptive agents prior to membrane permeabilization. The innovation of this work is emphasized in its ability to continuously track membrane surface activity, highlighting the initial interaction steps of membrane disruption. In this paper, we begin by validating our proposed approach against measurements taken for fixed composition membranes using standard electrophysiological techniques. Next, we investigate surfactant adsorption, including hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, cationic) and sodium decyl sulfate (SDS, anionic), demonstrating the ability to track adsorption prior to disruption. Finally, we investigate the penetration of lipid membranes by melittin, confirming that the peptide insertion and disruption mechanics are, in part, modulated by membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce El-Beyrouthy
- Biomembranes Engineering Laboratory, School of Environment, Civil, Agriculture and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michelle M Makhoul-Mansour
- Biomembranes Engineering Laboratory, School of Environment, Civil, Agriculture and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Eric C Freeman
- Biomembranes Engineering Laboratory, School of Environment, Civil, Agriculture and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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4
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Górecki R, Antenucci F, Norinkevicius K, Elmstrøm Christiansen L, Myers ST, Trzaskuś K, Hélix-Nielsen C. Effect of Detergents on Morphology, Size Distribution, and Concentration of Copolymer-Based Polymersomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2079-2090. [PMID: 33534599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes made of amphiphilic diblock copolymers are generally regarded as having higher physical and chemical stability than liposomes composed of phospholipids. This enhanced stability arises from the higher molecular weight of polymer constituents. Despite their increased stability, polymer bilayers are solubilized by detergents in a similar manner to lipid bilayers. In this work, we evaluated the stability of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL)-based polymersomes exposed to three different detergents: N-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (OG), lauryldimethylamine N-oxide (LDAO), and Triton X-100 (TX-100). Changes in morphology, particle size distribution, and concentrations of the polymersomes were evaluated during the titration of the detergents into the polymersome solutions. Furthermore, we discussed the effect of detergent features on the solubilization of the polymeric bilayer and compared it to the results reported in the literature for liposomes and polymersomes. This information can be used for tuning the properties of PEG-PCL polymersomes for use in applications such as drug delivery or protein reconstitution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Górecki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S, Nymøllevej 78, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fabio Antenucci
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 88, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Karolis Norinkevicius
- Aquaporin A/S, Nymøllevej 78, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Dong S, Liu L, Zhao H. Copper-coordination induced fabrication of stimuli-responsive polymersomes from amphiphilic block copolymer containing pendant thioethers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00371b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cu2+-Containing hybrid polymersomes were fabricated via a co-assembly approach. The polymersomes exhibited stimuli-responsiveness to the competitive ligand and H2O2/GSH and mediated a Fenton-like reaction to produce ˙OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
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6
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Rottet S, Iqbal S, Beales PA, Lin A, Lee J, Rug M, Scott C, Callaghan R. Characterisation of Hybrid Polymersome Vesicles Containing the Efflux Pumps NaAtm1 or P-Glycoprotein. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1049. [PMID: 32375237 PMCID: PMC7284524 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigative systems for purified membrane transporters are almost exclusively reliant on the use of phospholipid vesicles or liposomes. Liposomes provide an environment to support protein function; however, they also have numerous drawbacks and should not be considered as a "one-size fits all" system. The use of artificial vesicles comprising block co-polymers (polymersomes) offers considerable advantages in terms of structural stability; provision of sufficient lateral pressure; and low passive permeability, which is a particular issue for transport assays using hydrophobic compounds. The present investigation demonstrates strategies to reconstitute ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters into hybrid vesicles combining phospholipids and the block co-polymer poly (butadiene)-poly (ethylene oxide). Two efflux pumps were chosen; namely the Novosphingobium aromaticivorans Atm1 protein and human P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Polymersomes were generated with one of two lipid partners, either purified palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, or a mixture of crude E. coli lipid extract and cholesterol. Hybrid polymersomes were characterised for size, structural homogeneity, stability to detergents, and permeability. Two transporters, NaAtm1 and P-gp, were successfully reconstituted into pre-formed and surfactant-destabilised hybrid polymersomes using a detergent adsorption strategy. Reconstitution of both proteins was confirmed by density gradient centrifugation and the hybrid polymersomes supported substrate dependent ATPase activity of both transporters. The hybrid polymersomes also displayed low passive permeability to a fluorescent probe (calcein acetomethoxyl-ester (C-AM)) and offer the potential for quantitative measurements of transport activity for hydrophobic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rottet
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, GPO Box 1700, Acton, Canberra 2601, Australia; (S.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Shagufta Iqbal
- Research School of Biology, and the Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia; (S.I.); (A.L.)
| | - Paul A. Beales
- School of Chemistry Bragg Centre for Materials Research and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Anran Lin
- Research School of Biology, and the Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia; (S.I.); (A.L.)
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia; (J.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Melanie Rug
- Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia; (J.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Colin Scott
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, GPO Box 1700, Acton, Canberra 2601, Australia; (S.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Richard Callaghan
- Research School of Biology, and the Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia; (S.I.); (A.L.)
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7
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Górecki R, Reurink DM, Khan MM, Sanahuja-Embuena V, Trzaskuś K, Hélix-Nielsen C. Improved reverse osmosis thin film composite biomimetic membranes by incorporation of polymersomes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Matoori S, Bao Y, Schmidt A, Fischer EJ, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Tremblay M, Oliveira MM, Rose CF, Leroux JC. An Investigation of PS-b-PEO Polymersomes for the Oral Treatment and Diagnosis of Hyperammonemia. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902347. [PMID: 31721441 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia-scavenging transmembrane pH-gradient poly(styrene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) polymersomes are investigated for the oral treatment and diagnosis of hyperammonemia, a condition associated with serious neurologic complications in patients with liver disease as well as in infants with urea cycle disorders. While these polymersomes are highly stable in simulated intestinal fluids at extreme bile salt and osmolality conditions, they unexpectedly do not reduce plasmatic ammonia levels in cirrhotic rats after oral dosing. Incubation in dietary fiber hydrogels mimicking the colonic environment suggests that the vesicles are probably destabilized during the dehydration of the intestinal chyme. The findings question the relevance of commonly used simulated intestinal fluids for studying vesicular stability. With the encapsulation of a pH-sensitive dye in the polymersome core, the local pH increase upon ammonia influx could be exploited to assess the ammonia concentration in the plasma of healthy and cirrhotic rats as well as in other fluids. Due to its high sensitivity and selectivity, this polymersome-based assay could prove useful in the monitoring of hyperammonemic patients and in other applications such as drug screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Matoori
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yinyin Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Eric J Fischer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Mélanie Tremblay
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Montréal, H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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9
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Varlas S, Blackman LD, Findlay HE, Reading E, Booth PJ, Gibson MI, O’Reilly RK. Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in the Presence of Surfactants Enables Membrane Protein Incorporation into Vesicles. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Varlas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K
| | | | - Heather E. Findlay
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, U.K
| | - Eamonn Reading
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, U.K
| | - Paula J. Booth
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, SE1 1DB London, U.K
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11
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Nakata S, Nomura M, Seki Y, Deguchi A, Fukuhara K, Denda M, Kumazawa N. Characteristic responses of a 1,2-di-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine molecular layer to polymeric surfactants at an air/water interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Loo SL, Siti W, Thiyagarajan M, Torres J, Wang R, Hu X. Reproducible Preparation of Proteopolymersomes via Sequential Polymer Film Hydration and Membrane Protein Reconstitution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12336-12343. [PMID: 28985471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Film rehydration method is commonly used for membrane protein (MP) reconstitution into block copolymer (BCP), but the lack of control in the rehydration step formed a heterogeneous population of proteopolymersomes that interferes with the characterization and performance of devices incorporating them. To improve the self-assembly of polymersomes with simultaneous MP reconstitution, the study reported herein aimed to understand the effects of different variants of the rehydration procedure on the MP reconstitution into BCP membranes. The model MP used in this study was AquaporinZ (AqpZ), an α-helical MP that has been shown to have a high permeation rate exclusive to water molecules. Comparing four rehydration methods differing in the hydration time (i.e., brief wetting or full hydration) and medium (i.e., in buffer or AqpZ stock solution), prehydration with buffer prior to adding AqpZ was found to be most desirable and reproducible reconstitution method because it gave rise to the highest proportion of well-formed vesicles with intact AqpZ functionality as evidenced by the transmission electron microscopy images, dynamic light scattering, and stopped-flow analyses. The mechanisms by which effective AqpZ reconstitution takes place were also investigated and discussed. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis shows that hydrating the initially dry multilamellar BCP films allows the separation of lamellae. This is anticipated to increase the membrane fluidity that facilitates a fast and spontaneous integration of AqpZ as the detergent concentration is considerably lowered below its critical micelle concentration. Dilution of detergent can result in precipitation of proteins in the absence of well-fluidized membranes for protein integration that underscores the importance of membrane fluidity in MP reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Leng Loo
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141 Singapore
| | - Winna Siti
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141 Singapore
| | - Monisha Thiyagarajan
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141 Singapore
| | - Jaume Torres
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141 Singapore
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141 Singapore
| | - Xiao Hu
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University , 637141 Singapore
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13
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Poschenrieder ST, Schiebel SK, Castiglione K. Stability of polymersomes with focus on their use as nanoreactors. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:101-113. [PMID: 32624892 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased membrane stability of polymersomes compared to their liposomal counterparts is one of their most important advantages. Due to this benefit, polymer vesicles are intended to be used not only as carrier systems for drug delivery purposes but also as nanoreactors for biotechnological applications. Within this work, the stability of polymersomes made of the triblock copolymer poly(2-methyloxazoline)15-poly(dimethylsiloxane)68-poly(2-methyloxazoline)15 (PMOXA15-PDMS68-PMOXA15) toward mechanical stress, typically prevailing in stirred-tank reactors being the most often used reactor type in the biotechnological industry, was characterized. Dynamic light scattering and turbidity measurements showed that stirrer rotation causing a maximum local energy dissipation of up to 1.23 W/kg-1 did not result in any loss of vesicle quality or quantity. Nevertheless, most probably due to local membrane defects, 6.6% release of the previously encapsulated model dye calcein was recognized at 25°C within 48 h. Moreover, increased temperature, leading to decreased membrane viscosity and increased membrane fluidity, respectively, led to a higher molecule leakage. Besides, the stability of polymersomes in two-phase systems was investigated. Although alkanes and ionic liquids were shown not to lead to complete vesicle damage, no efficient calcein retention was achieved in either case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Lehrstuhl für Bioverfahrenstechnik Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
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14
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Niroomand H, Mukherjee D, Khomami B. Tuning the photoexcitation response of cyanobacterial Photosystem I via reconstitution into Proteoliposomes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2492. [PMID: 28559589 PMCID: PMC5449388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of natural thylakoid membrane housing of Photosystem I (PSI), the transmembrane photosynthetic protein, in its robust photoactivated charge separation with near unity quantum efficiency is not fundamentally understood. To this end, incorporation of suitable protein scaffolds for PSI incorporation is of great scientific and device manufacturing interest. Areas of interest include solid state bioelectronics, and photoelectrochemical devices that require bio-abio interfaces that do not compromise the photoactivity and photostability of PSI. Therefore, the surfactant-induced membrane solubilization of a negatively charged phospholipid (DPhPG) with the motivation of creating biomimetic reconstructs of PSI reconstitution in DPhPG liposomes is studied. Specifically, a simple yet elegant method for incorporation of PSI trimeric complexes into DPhPG bilayer membranes that mimic the natural thylakoid membrane housing of PSI is introduced. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements as well as direct visualization using atomic force microscopy. This study provides direct evidence that PSI confinements in synthetic lipid scaffolds can be used for tuning the photoexcitation characteristics of PSI. Hence, it paves the way for development of fundamental understanding of microenvironment alterations on photochemical response of light activated membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Niroomand
- Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center (SEERC), Knoxville, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, USA
| | - Dibyendu Mukherjee
- Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center (SEERC), Knoxville, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, USA. .,Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Bamin Khomami
- Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center (SEERC), Knoxville, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, USA. .,Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
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15
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Scherer M, Kappel C, Mohr N, Fischer K, Heller P, Forst R, Depoix F, Bros M, Zentel R. Functionalization of Active Ester-Based Polymersomes for Enhanced Cell Uptake and Stimuli-Responsive Cargo Release. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3305-3317. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scherer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cinja Kappel
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg
11, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Heller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Romina Forst
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Depoix
- Institute
of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, J.-J.-Becher-Weg
7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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16
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Song Z, Huang Y, Prasad V, Baumgartner R, Zhang S, Harris K, Katz JS, Cheng J. Preparation of Surfactant-Resistant Polymersomes with Ultrathick Membranes through RAFT Dispersion Polymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17033-17037. [PMID: 27367934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-resistant polymersomes have substantial potential to be used as delivery vehicles in industrial applications. Herein, we report the preparation of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene copolymers with ultrahigh hydrophobic-block molecular weights through RAFT dispersion polymerization, which allows the polymerization-induced self-assembly into well-defined polymersomes with ultrathick membranes up to ∼47 nm. These ultrathick membranes significantly enhance the resistance against surfactant solubilization of the vesicles, improving the vesicles' potential for use in industrial encapsulations. Vesicle-encapsulated actives are well retained in the presence of up to 40 wt % of various anionic and nonionic surfactants, with less than 7% active leakage being observed after 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joshua S Katz
- Formulation Science, Corporate Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company , Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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17
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Habel J, Ogbonna A, Larsen N, Krabbe S, Almdal K, Hélix-Nielsen C. How preparation and modification parameters affect PB-PEO polymersome properties in aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Habel
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Miljøvej, Building 115, 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Anayo Ogbonna
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Nanna Larsen
- Copenhagen Biocenter, University of Copenhagen; Ole Maaløes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Simon Krabbe
- Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Miljøvej, Building 115, 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
- Laboratory for Water Biophysics and Membrane Processes; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor; Smetanova Ulica 17 Maribor 2000 Slovenia
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18
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Niroomand H, Venkatesan GA, Sarles SA, Mukherjee D, Khomami B. Lipid-Detergent Phase Transitions During Detergent-Mediated Liposome Solubilization. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:523-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Palivan CG, Goers R, Najer A, Zhang X, Car A, Meier W. Bioinspired polymer vesicles and membranes for biological and medical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:377-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00569h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes play an essential role in living organisms by providing stable and functional compartments, supporting signalling and selective transport. Combining synthetic polymer membranes with biological molecules promises to be an effective strategy to mimic the functions of cell membranes and apply them in artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Goers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
| | - Adrian Najer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Anja Car
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
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20
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Habel J, Ogbonna A, Larsen N, Schulte L, Almdal K, Hélix-Nielsen C. How molecular internal-geometric parameters affect PB-PEO polymersome size in aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Habel
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Miljøvej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anayo Ogbonna
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nanna Larsen
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter; Ole Maaløes Vej 5 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lars Schulte
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Claus Hélix-Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Miljøvej, Building 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Aquaporin A/S; Ole Maaløes Vej 3 2200 Copenhagen Denmark
- Laboratory for Water Biophysics and Membrane Processes, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Maribor; Smetanova Ulica 17 2000 Maribor Slovenia
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21
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Chen C, Jiang C, Tripp CP. Molecular dynamics of the interaction of anionic surfactants with liposomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 105:173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Najer A, Wu D, Vasquez D, Palivan CG, Meier W. Polymer nanocompartments in broad-spectrum medical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:425-47. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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23
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Kumar M, Habel JEO, Shen YX, Meier WP, Walz T. High-density reconstitution of functional water channels into vesicular and planar block copolymer membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18631-7. [PMID: 23082933 PMCID: PMC3497857 DOI: 10.1021/ja304721r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The exquisite selectivity and unique transport properties
of membrane
proteins can be harnessed for a variety of engineering and biomedical
applications if suitable membranes can be produced. Amphiphilic block
copolymers (BCPs), developed as stable lipid analogs, form membranes
that functionally incorporate membrane proteins and are ideal for
such applications. While high protein density and planar membrane
morphology are most desirable, BCP–membrane protein aggregates
have so far been limited to low protein densities in either vesicular
or bilayer morphologies. Here, we used dialysis to reproducibly form
planar and vesicular BCP membranes with a high density of reconstituted
aquaporin-0 (AQP0) water channels. We show that AQP0 retains its biological
activity when incorporated at high density in BCP membranes, and that
the morphology of the BCP–protein aggregates can be controlled
by adjusting the amount of incorporated AQP0. We also show that BCPs
can be used to form two-dimensional crystals of AQP0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
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24
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Paul BK, Guchhait N. Response of an environment-sensitive intramolecular charge transfer probe towards solubilization of liposome membranes by a non-ionic detergent: association and dissociation kinetics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 96:117-126. [PMID: 22659278 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present report describes an endeavor to follow the solubilization of DMPC and DMPG liposome membranes by a non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 on the lexicon of environment-sensitive intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) photophysics of an extrinsic molecular probe 5-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-penta-2, 4-dienoic acid methyl ester (DPDAME). The prospective applicability of the probe to function as a reporter for detergent-sequestered solubilization of liposome membranes is argued on the basis of comparison of the spectral properties of the probe in various environments. Fluorescence anisotropy study delineates the degree of motional restriction imposed on the probe in different microheterogeneous assemblies. The kinetics of association of the probe with the liposome membranes and the dissociation kinetics of TX-100-sequestered solubilization process of the liposomes have been monitored by the stopped-flow fluorescence technique and the results are rationalized in relevance to fluorescence anisotropy study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700009, India
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25
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Pangburn TO, Georgiou K, Bates FS, Kokkoli E. Targeted polymersome delivery of siRNA induces cell death of breast cancer cells dependent upon Orai3 protein expression. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12816-30. [PMID: 22827285 DOI: 10.1021/la300874z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes, polymeric vesicles that self-assemble in aqueous solutions from block copolymers, have been avidly investigated in recent years as potential drug delivery agents. Past work has highlighted peptide-functionalized polymersomes as a highly promising targeted delivery system. However, few reports have investigated the ability of polymersomes to operate as gene delivery agents. In this study, we report on the encapsulation and delivery of siRNA inside of peptide-functionalized polymersomes composed of poly(1,2-butadiene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide). In particular, PR_b peptide-functionalized polymer vesicles are shown to be a promising system for siRNA delivery. PR_b is a fibronectin mimetic peptide targeting specifically the α(5)β(1) integrin. The Orai3 gene was targeted for siRNA knockdown, and PR_b-functionalized polymer vesicles encapsulating siRNA were found to specifically decrease cell viability of T47D breast cancer cells to a certain extent, while preserving viability of noncancerous MCF10A breast cells. siRNA delivery by PR_b-functionalized polymer vesicles was compared to that of a current commercial siRNA transfection agent, and produced less dramatic decreases in cancer cell viability, but compared favorably in regards to the relative toxicity of the delivery systems. Finally, delivery and vesicle release of a fluorescent encapsulate by PR_b-functionalized polymer vesicles was visualized by confocal microscopy, and colocalization with cellular endosomes and lysosomes was assessed by organelle staining. Polymersomes were observed to primarily release their encapsulate in the early endosomal intracellular compartments, and data may suggest some escape to the cytosol. These results represent a promising first generation model system for targeted delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd O Pangburn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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26
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Biodegradable polymersomes as carriers and release systems for paclitaxel using Oregon Green® 488 labeled paclitaxel as a model compound. J Control Release 2012; 158:312-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Hamada T, Hagihara H, Morita M, Vestergaard MC, Tsujino Y, Takagi M. Physicochemical Profiling of Surfactant-Induced Membrane Dynamics in a Cell-Sized Liposome. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:430-5. [PMID: 26285862 DOI: 10.1021/jz2016044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We used a cell-sized model system, giant liposomes, to investigate the interaction between lipid membranes and surfactants, and the membrane transformation during the solubilization process was captured in real time. We found that there are four distinct dynamics in surfactant-induced membrane deformation: an episodic increase in the membrane area prior to pore-forming associated shrinkage (Dynamics A), fission into many small liposomes (Dynamics B), the formation of multilamellar vesicles and peeling (Dynamics C), and bursting (Dynamics D). Classification of the diversity of membrane dynamics may contribute to a better understanding of the physicochemical mechanism of membrane solubilization induced by various surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamada
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hagihara
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masamune Morita
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Mun'delanji C Vestergaard
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsujino
- ‡Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomi-cho, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- †School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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28
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Chambon P, Blanazs A, Battaglia G, Armes SP. How does cross-linking affect the stability of block copolymer vesicles in the presence of surfactant? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1196-1205. [PMID: 22168596 DOI: 10.1021/la204539c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer vesicles are conveniently prepared directly in water at relatively high solids by polymerization-induced self-assembly using an aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation based on 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. However, dynamic light scattering studies clearly demonstrate that addition of small molecule surfactants to such linear copolymer vesicles disrupts the vesicular membrane. This causes rapid vesicle dissolution in the case of ionic surfactants, with nonionic surfactants proving somewhat less destructive. To address this problem, glycidyl methacrylate can be copolymerized with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and the resulting epoxy-functional block copolymer vesicles are readily cross-linked in aqueous solution using cheap commercially available polymeric diamines. Such epoxy-amine chemistry confers exceptional surfactant tolerance on the cross-linked vesicles and also leads to a distinctive change in their morphology, as judged by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, pendent unreacted amine groups confer cationic character on these cross-linked vesicles and offer further opportunities for functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chambon
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF United Kingdom
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29
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Lee JS, Groothuis T, Cusan C, Mink D, Feijen J. Lysosomally cleavable peptide-containing polymersomes modified with anti-EGFR antibody for systemic cancer chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9144-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Tomita T, Sugawara T, Wakamoto Y. Multitude of morphological dynamics of giant multilamellar vesicles in regulated nonequilibrium environments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10106-10112. [PMID: 21702436 DOI: 10.1021/la2018456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipid giant vesicles (GVs) exhibit biologically relevant morphological dynamics such as growth and division under certain conditions without any sophisticated molecular machineries employed by the current organisms. Nonequilibrium conditions are essential for the emergence of dynamic behaviors, which are normally generated by the addition of stimulating materials or by the change of some physical conditions. Therefore, an experimental method that allows flexible control of external conditions is desirable. Here we report a new and simple perfusion device for light microscopy observation that simultaneously realizes such control and tracking of individual phospholipid GVs for the long-term. We apply this device to the study of the morphological dynamics of POPC-based giant multilamellar vesicles (GMVs) under a monotonic and gradual increase of surfactant concentration; thereby we reveal the existence of multiple pathways in the slow solubilization processes, whose frequencies depend on the compositions of GMVs. This perfusion device would offer an unprecedented control of external conditions in the studies of GVs and might help us characterize the physicochemical origins of rich morphological dynamics of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tomita
- Department of Basic Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
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31
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Ayen WY, Garkhal K, Kumar N. Doxorubicin-loaded (PEG)₃-PLA nanopolymersomes: effect of solvents and process parameters on formulation development and in vitro study. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:466-78. [PMID: 21288047 DOI: 10.1021/mp1003256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study is focused on the preparation of doxorubicin-loaded nanopolymersomes (PolyDoxSome) and assessment of the effects of various solvents and process variables on the size and drug loading during preparation of formulation. PolyDoxSome was prepared by nanoprecipitation method using amphiphilic (PEG)₃-PLA copolymer, and the formation of polymersomes was assessed by dynamic light scattering and optical and transmission electron microscopy and evaluated for in vitro release profile and in vitro cytotoxicity. A systematic investigation indicated that solvent composition, order of addition, aqueous phase, copolymer concentration, and external energy input have significant influence on size and dispersity of PolyDoxSome. Under optimized conditions, PolyDoxSome had a size range of 130-180 nm with PDI < 0.2, a zeta potential ∼-8 mV, and a drug loading at ∼11% w/w with an encapsulation efficiency at ∼53% w/w. In vitro release profile of PolyDoxSome at 37 °C demonstrated that doxorubicin release was pH dependent and gave higher release at pH 5.5 in comparison to the release at pH 7.4 (similarity factor, f₂ < 50). PolyDoxSome exhibited enhanced cellular uptake of doxorubicin compared to free doxorubicin solution in MCF-7 cell line and showed a better cytotoxicity of doxorubicin at equivalent dose in nanopolymersomes. In conclusion, size and dispersity were strongly influenced by duration of magnetic stirring and overall composition of organic/aqueous media; however, size and dispersity were retained against different degrees of dilution. PolyDoxSome was able to control the release of doxorubicin in pH dependent manner and effectively deliver the drug in active form to MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubeante Yenet Ayen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
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32
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Han Y, Wang Y. Aggregation behavior of gemini surfactants and their interaction with macromolecules in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:1939-56. [PMID: 21225063 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants are constructed by two hydrophobic chains and two polar/ionic head groups covalently connected by a spacer group at the level of the head groups. Gemini surfactants possess unique structural variations and display special aggregate transitions. Their aggregation ability and aggregate structures can be more effectively adjusted through changing their molecular structures compared with the corresponding monomeric surfactants. Moreover, gemini surfactants exhibit special and useful properties while interacting with polymers and biomacromolecules. Their strong self-aggregation ability can be applied to effectively influence the aggregation behavior of both polymers and biomacromolecules. This short review is focused on the performances of gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions investigated in the last few years, and summarizes the effects of molecular structures on aggregation behavior of gemini surfactants in aqueous solution as well as the interaction of gemini surfactants with polymers and biomacromolecules respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Han
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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33
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Marsden HR, Quer CB, Sanchez EY, Gabrielli L, Jiskoot W, Kros A. Detergent-aided polymersome preparation. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:833-8. [PMID: 20329745 DOI: 10.1021/bm1001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Until now, most preparative methods used to form polymeric vesicles involve either organic cosolvents or sonication. In this communication, we demonstrate for the first time a detergent-aided method to produce polymersomes. Peptidic polymersomes were formed from the rod-rod block copolymer PBLG(36)-E, where PBLG is hydrophobic poly(gamma-benzyl l-glutamate) and E is a hydrophilic designed peptide. The block copolymer was first solubilized by detergent micelles in aqueous buffer, after which the concentration of detergent was reduced by dilution, transforming the particle morphology in solution from mixed micelles to polymersomes. The polymersome formation was monitored with dynamic light scattering and confirmed with transmission electron microscopy. Polymersomes with average diameters of approximately 300 nm were obtained as well as discs with average diameters of approximately 100 nm. This detergent-based method can be used to create polymersomes with a range of properties, as verified by its application to another biocompatible block copolymer, the flexible polybutadiene(46)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)(30). The technique will be particularly useful when delicate biomacromolecules such as (membrane) proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids are to be encapsulated in the polymersomes because the detergents used are compatible with these compounds, and the possible denaturing effect of sonication or organic solvents on the biological activity of the molecule of interest is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Robson Marsden
- Department of Soft Matter Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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34
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Sanson C, Schatz C, Le Meins JF, Brûlet A, Soum A, Lecommandoux S. Biocompatible and biodegradable poly(trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) polymersomes: size control and stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2751-2760. [PMID: 19791794 DOI: 10.1021/la902786t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) (PTMC-b-PGA) diblock copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG) initiated by amino functionalized PTMC and subsequent hydrogenation. Self-assembly in water gave well-defined vesicles which have been studied combining light and neutron scattering techniques with electron microscopy imaging. The size and dispersity of vesicles have been tuned by varying preparation conditions, direct dissolution, or nanoprecipitation. In addition, PGA conformation could be reversibly manipulated as a function of environmental changes such as pH and ionic strength. Vesicles showed high tolerance and stability toward nonionic surfactant and pH due to a thick membrane and were revealed to be nonpermeable to water. Nevertheless, they can be rapidly degraded by enzymatic hydrolysis of the polycarbonate block. The ability to tune their size through the formation process, their stimuli responsiveness, their high stability, and their biodegradability make them suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sanson
- Université de Bordeaux, ENSCPB, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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35
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Massignani M, Lomas H, Battaglia G. Polymersomes: A Synthetic Biological Approach to Encapsulation and Delivery. MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR NANO- AND MICROREACTORS/-REACTIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2009_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Mishra BK, Mukherjee P, Dash S, Patel S, Pati HN. Alkylation of Ethanolamines: An Approach to a Novel Class of Functional Surfactants. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802656109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay K. Mishra
- a Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Sambalpur University , Jyoti Vihar, India
| | - Partha Mukherjee
- a Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Sambalpur University , Jyoti Vihar, India
| | - Sukalyan Dash
- b Department of Chemistry , University College of Engineering , Burla, India
| | - Sabita Patel
- c Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela, India
| | - Hari N. Pati
- a Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , Sambalpur University , Jyoti Vihar, India
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37
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Shimoni K, Danino D. Imperfect dissolution in nonionic block copolymer and surfactant mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:2736-2742. [PMID: 19437694 DOI: 10.1021/la8037439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled copolymer micelles have been widely explored for numerous applications including cosmetic formulations and detergency, drug delivery, and agriculture. In many of these technologies at least trace amounts of surfactants and detergents are present, yet little is known regarding their effect on the copolymer micelle structure. In this paper we examine the influence of a nonionic micelle-forming surfactant, Triton X-100, on spherical, nonionic polymeric micelles composed of poly(butadiene)-co-poly(polyethylene oxide). Using cryo-TEM we find that relatively small surfactant concentrations (less than 1:1 molar ratio) are sufficient to disrupt the copolymer assemblies, and to yield, via dimerization, mixed polymer-surfactant micelles with characteristic diameters. Saturation of the polymeric micelles is reached with approximately 3 mM surfactant (1:8 mol ratio). Upon saturation, and in high surfactant excess, coexistence of two homogeneous micellar populations is found: saturated polymer-surfactant micelles, and much smaller micelles of pure surfactant. The lack of complete demicellization of the polymeric micelles is explained by packing constraints of the polymer hydrophobic chains by the added surfactant. This behavior is found to be characteristic of polymeric molecules with hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic molecular weight ratio close to, or exceeding, 0.75. We further found that structural transitions in polymer-surfactant mixtures are fast, and the systems reach equilibrium at time scales characteristic to the small molecule, in contrast with the slow equilibration in polymer-polymer mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Shimoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 32000
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38
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39
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Li F, Ketelaar T, Cohen Stuart MA, Sudhölter EJR, Leermakers FAM, Marcelis ATM. Gentle immobilization of nonionic polymersomes on solid substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:76-82. [PMID: 18052397 DOI: 10.1021/la702546b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vesicles from Pluronic L121 (PEO5-PPO68-PEO5) triblock copolymers were first stabilized by a permanent interpenetrating polymer network and then gently immobilized onto a glass or mica surface. Fluorescence-labeled micrometer-sized vesicles were visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and smaller sized capsules, around 100 nm, were probed by liquid atomic force microscopy. The immobilized vesicles were weakly attached to a negatively charged surface via negatively charged polyelectrolytes in combination with Mg2+ ions and can be reversibly detached from the surface by slightly elevated temperatures. To illustrate that the immobilized vesicles remain responsive to external stimuli, we show that it is possible to transform their shape from spherical to cylindrical by introducing a second Pluronic, namely, P123 (PEO20-PPO70-PEO20). The detailed transition process has been recorded in real time by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Electron microscopy studies confirmed that a similar morphology change also occurs in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, and Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Fan Y, Li Y, Cao M, Wang J, Wang Y, Thomas RK. Micellization of dissymmetric cationic gemini surfactants and their interaction with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11458-11464. [PMID: 17918867 DOI: 10.1021/la701493s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The micellization process of a series of dissymmetric cationic gemini surfactants [CmH2m+1(CH3)2N(CH2)6N(CH3)2C6H13]Br2 (designated as m-6-6 with m = 12, 14, and 16) and their interaction with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles have been investigated. In the micellization process of these gemini surfactants themselves, critical micelle concentration (cmc), micelle ionization degree, and enthalpies of micellization (DeltaHmic) were determined, from which Gibbs free energies of micellization (DeltaGmic) and entropy of micellization (DeltaSmic) were derived. These properties were found to be influenced significantly by the dissymmetry in the surfactant structures. The phase diagrams for the solubilization of DMPC vesicles by the gemini surfactants were constructed from calorimetric results combining with the results of turbidity and dynamic light scattering. The effective surfactant to lipid ratios in the mixed aggregates at saturation (Resat) and solubilization (Resol) were derived. For the solubilization of DMPC vesicles, symmetric 12-6-12 is more effective than corresponding single-chain surfactant DTAB, whereas the dissymmetric m-6-6 series are more effective than symmetric 12-6-12, and 16-6-6 is the most effective. The chain length mismatch between DMPC and the gemini surfactants may be responsible for the different Re values. The transfer enthalpy per mole of surfactant within the coexistence range may be associated with the total hydrophobicity of the alkyl chains of gemini surfactants. The transfer enthalpies of surfactant from micelles to bilayers are always endothermic due to the dehydration of headgroups and the disordering of lipid acyl chain packing during the vesicle solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Fan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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41
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Vijayan K, Discher DE, Lal J, Janmey P, Goulian M. Interactions of membrane-active peptides with thick, neutral, nonzwitterionic bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:14356-64. [PMID: 16852806 PMCID: PMC2532852 DOI: 10.1021/jp050060x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alamethicin is a well-studied channel-forming peptide that has a prototypical amphipathic helix structure. It permeabilizes both microbial and mammalian cell membranes, causing loss of membrane polarization and leakage of endogenous contents. Antimicrobial peptide-lipid systems have been studied quite extensively and have led to significant advancements in membrane biophysics. These studies have been performed on lipid bilayers that are generally charged or zwitterionic and restricted to a thickness range of 3-5 nm. Bilayers of amphiphilic diblock copolymers are a relatively new class of membranes that can have significantly different physicochemical properties compared with those of lipid membranes. In particular, they can be made uncharged, nonzwitterionic, and much thicker than their lipid counterparts. In an effort to extend studies of membrane-protein interactions to these synthetic membranes, we have characterized the interactions of alamethicin and several other membrane-active peptides with diblock copolymer bilayers. We find that although alamethicin is too small to span the bilayer, the peptide interacts with, and ruptures, thick polymer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandaswamy Vijayan
- Departments of Physics, of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and of Physiology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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42
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Dan N, Shimoni K, Pata V, Danino D. Effect of mixing on the morphology of cylindrical micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:9860-5. [PMID: 17106974 DOI: 10.1021/la061254m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the spontaneous curvature of an amphiphile can lead to a first-order morphology transition from threadlike micelles to a branched network. The two morphologies were linked to entropy-driven topological defects; networks are dominated by Y-junctions, while linear threadlike structures are dominated by spherical end-caps. In this paper we investigate the effect of mixing on the morphological transitions in nonionic amphiphilic systems. We find that mixed equilibrium structures are obtained within seconds; these mixed cylindrical structures display comparable numbers of end-caps and branch points, resulting in a novel 'short armed' branched (SAB) morphology. Quite surprisingly, the probability of either defect (end-caps or branch points) is independent of composition, so that neither a first-order nor a second-order morphological transition is observed. A possible explanation may be local demixing of the two amphiphilic components, which adds a degree of freedom and thus enables the formation of a unique morphology that cannot be obtained in single-component systems. We further find that within a relatively large composition range phase equilibrium exists between vesicles, SAB micelles, and spherical micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nily Dan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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43
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Dan N, Safran SA. Junctions and end-caps in self-assembled non-ionic cylindrical micelles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 123-126:323-31. [PMID: 16842728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cylindrical micelles are known to exhibit two types of morphologies: branched networks and linear, worm-like (or thread-like) micelles. These structures correspond to two types of topological defects: end-caps and junction points. Although either type of defect increases the micelle energy (when compared to the cylindrical sections), they are stabilized by an increase in the translational (end-caps) or configurational (junctions) entropy. End-caps reduce the length of the cylindrical micelles, resulting in a suspension of linear, worm-like micelles. Y-junction branch points cause the formation of a network structure that may percolate and coexist thermodynamically with a "sol" of finite cylinders with end-caps. In this paper, we review current experimental and theoretical studies of non-ionic cylindrical micelles in aqueous solutions. We focus on single and multicomponent amphiphiles, and consider both small molecules and macromolecules (polymers), in order to identify the driving forces that determine the type of topological 'defect' and the resulting system morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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44
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Mecke A, Dittrich C, Meier W. Biomimetic membranes designed from amphiphilic block copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:751-759. [PMID: 32680215 DOI: 10.1039/b605165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A review dedicated to block copolymer self assembly. We discuss general progress in physicochemical interpretations and provide insight to recent developments in (hybrid) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Mecke
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Dittrich
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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45
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Ahmed F, Pakunlu RI, Srinivas G, Brannan A, Bates F, Klein ML, Minko T, Discher DE. Shrinkage of a rapidly growing tumor by drug-loaded polymersomes: pH-triggered release through copolymer degradation. Mol Pharm 2006; 3:340-50. [PMID: 16749866 DOI: 10.1021/mp050103u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carrier-mediated delivery of drugs into the cytosol is often limited by either release from the carrier or release from an internalizing endolysosome. Here, loading, delivery, and cytosolic uptake of drug mixtures from degradable polymersomes are shown to exploit both the thick membrane of these block copolymer vesicles and their aqueous lumen as well as pH-triggered release within endolysosomes. Our initial in vivo studies demonstrate growth arrest and shrinkage of rapidly growing tumors after a single intravenous injection of polymersomes composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-polyester. Vesicles are shown to break down into membrane-lytic micelles within hours at 37 degrees C and low pH, although storage at 4 degrees C allows retention of drug for over a month. It is then shown that cell entry of the polymersomes into endolysosomes is followed by copolymer-induced endolysosomal rupture with release of cytotoxic drugs. Above a critical poration concentration (CCPC) that is easily achieved within endolysosomes and that scales with copolymer proportions and molecular weight, the copolymer micelles are seen to disrupt lipid membranes and thereby enhance drug activity. Neutral polymersomes and related macrosurfactant assemblies can thus create novel pathways within cells for controlled release and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariyal Ahmed
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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46
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Arifin DR, Palmer AF. Polymersome Encapsulated Hemoglobin: A Novel Type of Oxygen Carrier. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:2172-81. [PMID: 16004460 DOI: 10.1021/bm0501454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine hemoglobin (Hb) was encapsulated inside polymer vesicles (polymersomes) to form polymersome encapsulated Hb (PEH) dispersions. PEH particles are 100% surface PEGylated with longer PEG chains and possess thicker hydrophobic membranes as compared to conventional liposomes. Polymersomes were self-assembled from poly(butadiene)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PBD-PEO) amphiphilic diblock copolymers with PBD-PEO molecular weights of 22-12.6, 5-2.3, 2.5-1.3, and 1.8-0.9 kDa. The first two diblock copolymers possessed linear hydrophobic PBD blocks, while the later possessed branched PBD blocks. PEH dispersions were extruded through 100 and 200 nm pore radii membranes. The size distribution, Hb encapsulation efficiency, P(50), cooperativity coefficient, and methemoglobin (metHb) level of PEH dispersions were consistent with values required for efficient oxygen delivery in the systemic circulation. The influence of different molecular weight diblock copolymers on the physical properties of PEH dispersions was analyzed. PBD-PEO copolymers with molecular weights of 22-12.6 and 2.5-1.3 kDa completely dissolved in aqueous solution to form polymersomes, while the other two copolymers formed a mixture of solid copolymer precipitates and polymersomes. PEHs self-assembled from 22-12.6 and 2.5-1.3 kDa PBD-PEO copolymers possessed Hb loading capacities greater than PEG-LEHs, PEGylated actin-containing LEHs, and nonmodified LEHs, although their sizes were smaller and their hydrophobic membranes were thicker. The Hb loading capacities of these polymersomes were also higher than lipogel encapsulated hemoglobin particles and nanoscale hydrogel encapsulated hemoglobin particles. PEH dispersions exhibited average radii larger than 50 nm and exhibited oxygen affinities comparable to human erythrocytes. Polymersomes did not induce Hb oxidation. The interaction between Hb and the membrane of 2.5-1.3 kDa PBD-PEO polymersomes improved the monodispersity of these particular PEH dispersions. These results suggest that PEHs could serve as efficient oxygen therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R Arifin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Ruysschaert T, Sonnen AFP, Haefele T, Meier W, Winterhalter M, Fournier D. Hybrid Nanocapsules: Interactions of ABA Block Copolymers with Liposomes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:6242-7. [PMID: 15853329 DOI: 10.1021/ja043600x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers, such as poly(2-methyloxazoline)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxan)-block-poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA), form vesicular structures. Here, the interaction of these ABA molecules with lipids is investigated by electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, light scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry. Our observations suggest the formation of homogeneous mixed polymer-lipid composites, independent of preparation method, i.e. film hydration, dispersion, or detergent removal. When ABA polymersomes and liposomes are mixed, we observed monomer exchanges on a time scale of minutes. The possibility of forming mixed structures and the exchanges between preformed structures allow the combination of the properties of lipids and polymers such as stability and loading encapsulation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Ruysschaert
- Groupe de Biotechnologie des Protéines, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, 31077, Toulouse, France
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