1
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Thakore SD, Das K, Dalvi SV, Reddy CM, Bansal AK. Microscopic Cracks Modulate Nucleation and Solid-State Crystallization Tendency of Amorphous Celecoxib. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:76-86. [PMID: 38051598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Drugs have been classified as fast, moderate, and poor crystallizers based on their inherent solid-state crystallization tendency. Differential scanning calorimetry-based heat-cool-heat protocol serves as a valuable tool to define the solid-state crystallization tendency. This classification helps in the development of strategies for stabilizing amorphous drugs. However, microscopic characteristics of the samples were generally overlooked during these experiments. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of microscopic cracks on the crystallization tendency of a poorly water-soluble model drug, celecoxib. Cracks developed in the temperature range of 0-10 °C during the cooling cycle triggered the subsequent crystallization of the amorphous phase. Nanoindentation study suggested minimal differences in mechanical properties between samples, although the cracked sample showed relatively inhomogeneous mechanical properties. Nuclei nourishment experiments suggested crack-assisted nucleation, which was supported by Raman data that revealed subtle changes in intermolecular interactions between cracked and uncracked samples. Celecoxib has been generally classified as class II, i.e., a drug with moderate crystallization tendency. Interestingly, classification of amorphous celecoxib may change depending on the presence or absence of cracks in the amorphous sample. Hence, subtle events such as microscopic cracks should be given due consideration while defining the solid-state crystallization tendency of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth D Thakore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kaustav Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Nadia, Kolkata ,West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sameer V Dalvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Gandhinagar,Palaj, Gujarat382355, India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Nadia, Kolkata ,West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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2
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Svoboda R, Pakosta M, Doležel P. How the Presence of Crystalline Phase Affects Structural Relaxation in Molecular Liquids: The Case of Amorphous Indomethacin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16275. [PMID: 38003465 PMCID: PMC10671508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of partial crystallinity on the structural relaxation behavior of low-molecular organic glasses is, contrary to, e.g., polymeric materials, a largely unexplored territory. In the present study, differential scanning calorimetry was used to prepare a series of amorphous indomethacin powders crystallized to various extents. The preparations stemmed from the two distinct particle size fractions: 50-125 µm and 300-500 µm. The structural relaxation data from the cyclic calorimetric measurements were described in terms of the phenomenological Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan model. For the 300-500 µm powder, the crystalline phase forming dominantly on the surface led to a monotonous decrease in the glass transition by ~6 °C in the 0-70% crystallinity range. The activation energy of the relaxation motions and the degree of heterogeneity within the relaxing matrix were not influenced by the increasing crystallinity, while the interconnectivity slightly increased. This behavior was attributed to the release of the quenched-in stresses and to the consequent slight increase in the structural interconnectivity. For the 50-125 µm powder, distinctly different relaxation dynamics were observed. This leads to a conclusion that the crystalline phase grows throughout the bulk glassy matrix along the internal micro-cracks. At higher crystallinity, a sharp increase in Tg, an increase in interconnectivity, and an increase in the variability of structural units engaged in the relaxation motions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Pakosta
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, University of Pardubice, nam. Cs. legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Petr Doležel
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, University of Pardubice, nam. Cs. legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (P.D.)
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3
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Kapourani A, Manioudaki AE, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Barmpalexis P. Utilizing Drug Amorphous Solid Dispersions for the Preparation of Dronedarone per os Formulations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4292. [PMID: 37959973 PMCID: PMC10649729 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dronedarone (DRN), an antiarrhythmic drug, exhibits potent pharmacological effects in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Despite its therapeutic potential, DRN faces formulation challenges due to its low aqueous solubility. Hence, the present study is dedicated to the examination of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) as a strategic approach for enhancing the solubility of DRN. Initially, the glass forming ability (GFA) of API was assessed alongside its thermal degradation profile, and it was revealed that DRN is a stable glass former (GFA III compound) that remains thermally stable up to approximately 200 °C. Subsequently, five commonly used ASD matrix/carriers, i.e., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), povidone (PVP), copovidone (PVP/VA), Soluplus® (SOL), and Eudragit® E PO (EPO), were screened for the formation of a DRN-based ASD using film casting and solvent shift methods, along with miscibility evaluation measurements. SOL proved to be the most promising matrix/carrier among the others, and, hence, was used to prepare DRN ASDs via the melt-quench method. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared systems (via pXRD) revealed the complete amorphization of the API within the matrix/carrier, while the system was physically stable for at least three months after its preparation. In vitro release studies for the ASDs, conducted under non-sink conditions, revealed the sustained supersaturation of the drug for at least 8 h. Finally, the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy showed the formation of a strong molecular interaction between the drug molecules and SOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Alexandra-Eleftheria Manioudaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.-E.M.); (K.N.K.)
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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Bjarnason A, Majumder A. A Novel Simulated Moving Plug Flow Crystallizer (SM-PFC) for Addressing the Encrustation Problem: Simulation-Based Studies on Cooling Crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:5051-5064. [PMID: 37014370 PMCID: PMC10064315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The plug flow crystallizer (PFC) is a promising candidate in the move toward adoption of continuous manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry. However, a major concern for the smooth running of PFCs is the encrustation or fouling which can result in blockage of the crystallizer or unplanned shutdown of the process. In order to address this problem, simulation studies are carried out to explore the feasibility of a novel simulated-moving PFC (SM-PFC) configuration that can run uninterrupted in the presence of heavy fouling without compromising the desired critical quality attributes of the product crystals. The key concept of the SM-PFC lies in the arrangement of the crystallizer segments where a fouled segment is isolated, while a clean segment is simultaneously brought online avoiding fouling-related issues and maintaining uninterrupted operation. The inlet and outlet ports are also changed appropriately so that the whole operation mimics the movement of the PFC. The simulation results suggest that the proposed PFC configuration could be a potential mitigating approach for the encrustation problem enabling continuous operation of the crystallizer in the presence of heavy fouling while maintaining the product specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bjarnason
- School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K
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5
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Indomethacin: Effect of Diffusionless Crystal Growth on Thermal Stability during Long-Term Storage. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041568. [PMID: 36838556 PMCID: PMC9963031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior of amorphous indomethacin powders (with particle sizes ranging from 50 to 1000 µm) and their dependence on long-term storage conditions, either 0-100 days stored freely at laboratory ambient temperatures and humidity or placed in a desiccator at 10 °C. Whereas the γ-form polymorph always dominated, the accelerated formation of the α-form was observed in situations of heightened mobility (higher temperature and heating rate), increased amounts of mechanically induced defects, and prolonged free-surface nucleation. A complex crystallization behavior with two separated crystal growth modes (originating from either the mechanical defects or the free surface) was identified both isothermally and nonisothermally. The diffusionless glass-crystal (GC) crystal growth was found to proceed during the long-term storage at 10 °C and zero humidity, at the rate of ~100 µm of the γ-form surface crystalline layer being formed in 100 days. Storage at the laboratory temperature (still below the glass transition temperature) and humidity led only to a negligible/nondetectable GC growth for the fine indomethacin powders (particle size below ~150 µm), indicating a marked suppression of GC growth by the high density of mechanical defects under these conditions. The freely stored bulk material with no mechanical damage and a smooth surface exhibited zero traces of GC growth (as confirmed by microscopy) after >150 days of storage. The accuracy of the kinetic predictions of the indomethacin crystallization behavior was rather poor due to the combined influences of the mechanical defects, competing nucleation, and crystal growth processes of the two polymorphic phases as well as the GC growth complex dependence on the storage conditions within the vicinity of the glass transition temperature. Performing paired isothermal and nonisothermal kinetic measurements is thus highly recommended in macroscopic crystallization studies of drugs with similarly complicated crystal growth behaviors.
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6
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Cao Z, Harmon DM, Yang R, Razumtcev A, Li M, Carlsen MS, Geiger AC, Zemlyanov D, Sherman AM, Takanti N, Rong J, Hwang Y, Taylor LS, Simpson GJ. Periodic Photobleaching with Structured Illumination for Diffusion Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2192-2202. [PMID: 36656303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of periodically structured illumination coupled with spatial Fourier-transform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FT-FRAP) was shown to support diffusivity mapping within segmented domains of arbitrary shape. Periodic "comb-bleach" patterning of the excitation beam during photobleaching encoded spatial maps of diffusion onto harmonic peaks in the spatial Fourier transform. Diffusion manifests as a simple exponential decay of a given harmonic, improving the signal to noise ratio and simplifying mathematical analysis. Image segmentation prior to Fourier transformation was shown to support pooling for signal to noise enhancement for regions of arbitrary shape expected to exhibit similar diffusivity within a domain. Following proof-of-concept analyses based on simulations with known ground-truth maps, diffusion imaging by FT-FRAP was used to map spatially-resolved diffusion differences within phase-separated domains of model amorphous solid dispersion spin-cast thin films. Notably, multi-harmonic analysis by FT-FRAP was able to definitively discriminate and quantify the roles of internal diffusion and exchange to higher mobility interfacial layers in modeling the recovery kinetics within thin amorphous/amorphous phase-separated domains, with interfacial diffusion playing a critical role in recovery. These results have direct implications for the design of amorphous systems for stable storage and efficacious delivery of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Dustin M Harmon
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Ruochen Yang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Aleksandr Razumtcev
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Minghe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Mark S Carlsen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Andreas C Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Dmitry Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Alex M Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Nita Takanti
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Jiayue Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Yechan Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
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7
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Moseson DE, Benson EG, Cao Z, Bhalla S, Wang F, Wang M, Zheng K, Narwankar PK, Simpson GJ, Taylor LS. Impact of Aluminum Oxide Nanocoating on Drug Release from Amorphous Solid Dispersion Particles. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:593-605. [PMID: 36346665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atomic layer coating (ALC) is emerging as a particle engineering strategy to inhibit surface crystallization of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). In this study, we turn our attention to evaluating drug release behavior from ALC-coated ASDs, and begin to develop a mechanistic framework. Posaconazole/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate was used as a model system at both 25% and 50% drug loadings. ALC-coatings of aluminum oxide up to 40 nm were evaluated for water sorption kinetics and dissolution performance under a range of pH conditions. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to investigate the microstructure of partially released ASD particles. Coating thickness and defect density (inferred from deposition rates) were found to impact water sorption kinetics. Despite reduced water sorption kinetics, the presence of a coating was not found to impact dissolution rates under conditions where rapid drug release was observed. Under slower releasing conditions, underlying matrix crystallization was reduced by the coating, enabling greater levels of drug release. These results demonstrate that water was able to penetrate through the ALC coating, hydrating the amorphous solid, which can initiate dissolution of drug and/or polymer (depending on pH conditions). Swelling of the ASD substrate subsequently occurs, disrupting and cracking the coating, which serves to facilitate rapid drug release. Water sorption kinetics are highlighted as a potential predictive tool to investigate the coating quality and its potential impact on dissolution performance. This study has implications for formulation design and evaluation of ALC-coated ASD particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Emily G Benson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ziyi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shradha Bhalla
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Ave, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Miaojun Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Ave, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Kai Zheng
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Ave, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Pravin K Narwankar
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Ave, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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8
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Boel E, Van den Mooter G. The impact of applying an additional polymer coating on high drug-loaded amorphous solid dispersions layered onto pellets. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122455. [PMID: 36460129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting surface crystallization is an interesting strategy to enhance the physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), still preserving high drug loads. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential surface crystallization inhibitory effect of an additional polymer coating onto ASDs, comprising high drug loads of a fast crystallizing drug, layered onto pellets. For this purpose, bilayer coated pellets were generated with fluid-bed coating, of which the first layer constitutes a solid dispersion of naproxen (NAP) in poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA) in a 40:60 or 35:65 (w/w) ratio, and ethyl cellulose (EC) composes the second layer. The physical stability of these double-layered pellets, in comparison to pellets with an ASD layer only, was assessed under accelerated conditions by monitoring with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) at regular time intervals. Bilayer coated pellets were however found to be physically less stable than pellets with an ASD layer only. Applying the supplementary EC coating layer induced crystallization and heterogeneity in the 40:60 and 35:65 (w/w) NAP-PVP-VA ASDs, respectively, attributed to the initial contact with the solvent. Caution is thus required when applying an additional coating layer on top of an ASD layer with fluid-bed coating, for instance for controlled release purposes, especially if the ASD consists of high loads of a fast crystallizing drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Boel
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Moseson DE, Benson EG, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Wang M, Zheng K, Narwankar PK, Taylor LS. Atomic Layer Coating to Inhibit Surface Crystallization of Amorphous Pharmaceutical Powders. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40698-40710. [PMID: 36054111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preventing crystallization is a primary concern when developing amorphous drug formulations. Recently, atomic layer coatings (ALCs) of aluminum oxide demonstrated crystallization inhibition of high drug loading amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) for over 2 years. The goal of the current study was to probe the breadth and mechanisms of this exciting finding through multiple drug/polymer model systems, as well as particle and coating attributes. The model ASD systems selected provide for a range of hygroscopicity and chemical functional groups, which may contribute to the crystallization inhibition effect of the ALC coatings. Atomic layer coating was performed to apply a 5-25 nm layer of aluminum oxide or zinc oxide onto ASD particles, which imparted enhanced micromeritic properties, namely, reduced agglomeration and improved powder flowability. ASD particles were stored at 40 °C and a selected relative humidity level between 31 and 75%. Crystallization was monitored by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) up to 48 weeks. Crystallization was observable by SEM within 1-2 weeks for all uncoated samples. After ALC, crystallization was effectively delayed or completely inhibited in some systems up to 48 weeks. The delay achieved was demonstrated regardless of polymer hygroscopicity, presence or absence of hydroxyl functional groups in drugs and/or polymers, particle size, or coating properties. The crystallization inhibition effect is attributed primarily to decreased surface molecular mobility. ALC has the potential to be a scalable strategy to enhance the physical stability of ASD systems to enable high drug loading and enhanced robustness to temperature or relative humidity excursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Emily G Benson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Miaojun Wang
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Kai Zheng
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Pravin K Narwankar
- Applied Materials, Inc., 3100 Bowers Avenue, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Svoboda R, Košťálová D, Krbal M, Komersová A. Indomethacin: The Interplay between Structural Relaxation, Viscous Flow and Crystal Growth. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175668. [PMID: 36080433 PMCID: PMC9458118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the influences of particle size (daver) and heating rate (q+) on the structural relaxation, crystal growth and decomposition kinetics of amorphous indomethacin. The structural relaxation and decomposition processes exhibited daver-independent kinetics, with the q+ dependences based on the apparent activation energies of 342 and 106 kJ·mol-1, respectively. The DSC-measured crystal growth kinetics played a dominant role in the nucleation throughout the total macroscopic amorphous-to-crystalline transformation: the change from the zero-order to the autocatalytic mechanism with increasing q+, the significant alteration of kinetics, with the storage below the glass transition temperature, and the accelerated crystallization due to mechanically induced defects. Whereas slow q+ led to the formation of the thermodynamically stable γ polymorph, fast q+ produced a significant amount of the metastable α polymorph. Mutual correlations between the macroscopic and microscopic crystal growth processes, and between the viscous flow and structural relaxation motions, were discussed based on the values of the corresponding activation energies. Notably, this approach helped us to distinguish between particular crystal growth modes in the case of the powdered indomethacin materials. Ediger's decoupling parameter was used to quantify the relationship between the viscosity and crystal growth. The link between the cooperativity of structural domains, parameters of the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan relaxation model and microscopic crystal growth was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-466-037-420
| | - Daniela Košťálová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Krbal
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies (CEMNAT), Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, nam. Cs legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Komersová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Unni AB, Winkler R, Duarte DM, Tu W, Chat K, Adrjanowicz K. Vapor-Deposited Thin Films: Studying Crystallization and α-relaxation Dynamics of the Molecular Drug Celecoxib. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3789-3798. [PMID: 35580265 PMCID: PMC9150116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization is one of the major challenges in using glassy solids for technological applications. Considering pharmaceutical drugs, maintaining a stable amorphous form is highly desirable for improved solubility. Glasses prepared by the physical vapor deposition technique got attention because they possess very high stability, taking thousands of years for an ordinary glass to achieve. In this work, we have investigated the effect of reducing film thickness on the α-relaxation dynamics and crystallization tendency of vapor-deposited films of celecoxib (CXB), a pharmaceutical substance. We have scrutinized its crystallization behavior above and below the glass-transition temperature (Tg). Even though vapor deposition of CXB cannot inhibit crystallization completely, we found a significant decrease in the crystallization rate with decreasing film thickness. Finally, we have observed striking differences in relaxation dynamics of vapor-deposited thin films above the Tg compared to spin-coated counterparts of the same thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Beena Unni
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Roksana Winkler
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Daniel Marques Duarte
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Wenkang Tu
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chat
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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12
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Surface nanocoating of high drug-loading spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions by atomic layer coating: Excellent physical stability under accelerated storage conditions for two years. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Yao X, Neusaenger AL, Yu L. Amorphous Drug-Polymer Salts. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081271. [PMID: 34452231 PMCID: PMC8401805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous formulations provide a general approach to improving the solubility and bioavailability of drugs. Amorphous medicines for global health should resist crystallization under the stressful tropical conditions (high temperature and humidity) and often require high drug loading. We discuss the recent progress in employing drug–polymer salts to meet these goals. Through local salt formation, an ultra-thin polyelectrolyte coating can form on the surface of amorphous drugs, immobilizing interfacial molecules and inhibiting fast crystal growth at the surface. The coated particles show improved wetting and dissolution. By forming an amorphous drug–polymer salt throughout the bulk, stability can be vastly enhanced against crystallization under tropical conditions without sacrificing the dissolution rate. Examples of these approaches are given, along with suggestions for future work.
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14
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Yao X, Kim S, Gui Y, Chen Z, Yu J, Jones KJ, Yu L. Amorphous drug-polymer salt with high stability under tropical conditions and fast dissolution: The challenging case of lumefantrine-PAA. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3670-3677. [PMID: 34371071 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lumefantrine (LMF), a high-mobility and easy-to-crystallize WHO drug for treating malaria, can form an amorphous salt with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) that is remarkably stable against crystallization at high humidity and temperature and has fast dissolution rate. The amorphous salt up to 75 % drug loading was synthesized under a mild slurry condition easily implemented in basic facilities for global health. Salt formation was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and the much elevated glass transition temperature. At 50 % drug loading, the amorphous salt resists crystallization for at least 18 months under the highly stressful condition of 40°C and 75 % RH. In contrast, the dispersion containing neutral LMF in PVP fully crystallized in 4 d and the dispersion in HPMCAS, a weak polyelectrolyte of lower charge density than PAA, crystallized by 50 % in 7 d. The amorphous salt at 50 % drug loading showed much faster dissolution than crystalline LMF: In SGF, the area under the curve (AUC) was 30 times larger within the gastric emptying time (4 h); in FaSSIF, the enhancement was even larger - by 200 times. Nanodroplets were detected during the dissolution in SGF, possibly accounting for the apparent enhancement of dissolution rate. The LMF-PAA example as a challenging case, along with the previously reported clofazimine-PAA, demonstrates the general utility of amorphous drug-polymer salts to achieve high stability under tropical conditions and enhanced dissolution and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yue Gui
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zhenxuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Junguang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Karen J Jones
- Zeeh Pharmaceutical Experiment Station, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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15
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Bhujbal SV, Mitra B, Jain U, Gong Y, Agrawal A, Karki S, Taylor LS, Kumar S, (Tony) Zhou Q. Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersion: A review of manufacturing strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2505-2536. [PMID: 34522596 PMCID: PMC8424289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are popular for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Various approaches have been employed to produce ASDs and novel techniques are emerging. This review provides an updated overview of manufacturing techniques for preparing ASDs. As physical stability is a critical quality attribute for ASD, the impact of formulation, equipment, and process variables, together with the downstream processing on physical stability of ASDs have been discussed. Selection strategies are proposed to identify suitable manufacturing methods, which may aid in the development of ASDs with satisfactory physical stability.
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Key Words
- 3DP, three-dimensional printing
- ASDs, amorphous solid dispersions
- ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system
- Amorphous solid dispersions
- CAP, cellulose acetate phthalate
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CSG, continuous-spray granulation
- Co-precipitation
- Downstream processing
- Drug delivery
- EPAS, evaporative aqueous solution precipitation
- Eudragit®, polymethacrylates derivatives
- FDM, fused deposition modeling
- GAS, gas antisolvent
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- HPC, hydroxypropyl cellulose
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- HPMCAS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPMCP, hypromellose phthalate
- Manufacturing
- Melting process
- PCA, precipitation with compressed fluid antisolvent
- PGSS, precipitation from gas-saturated solutions
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVPVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate
- RESS, rapid expansion of a supercritical solution
- SAS, supercritical antisolvent
- SCFs, supercritical fluids
- SEDS, solution-enhanced dispersion by SCF
- SLS, selective laser sintering
- Selection criteria
- Soluplus®, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer
- Solvent evaporation
- Stability
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- USC, ultrasound compaction
- scCO2, supercritical CO2
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V. Bhujbal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Biplob Mitra
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Uday Jain
- Material Science and Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Anjali Agrawal
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Shyam Karki
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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16
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Gui Y, McCann EC, Yao X, Li Y, Jones KJ, Yu L. Amorphous Drug-Polymer Salt with High Stability under Tropical Conditions and Fast Dissolution: The Case of Clofazimine and Poly(acrylic acid). Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1364-1372. [PMID: 33522821 PMCID: PMC7927142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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We report that the
stability of amorphous clofazimine (CFZ) against
crystallization is vastly improved by salt formation with a polymer
without sacrificing dissolution rate. A simple slurry method was used
to produce the amorphous salt of CFZ with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)
at 75 wt % drug loading. The synthesis was performed under a mild
condition suitable for thermally unstable drugs and polymers. Salt
formation was confirmed by visible spectroscopy and glass temperature
elevation. The amorphous salt at 75 wt % drug loading is remarkably
stable against crystallization at 40 °C and 75% RH for at least
180 days. In contrast, the amorphous solid dispersion containing the
un-ionized CFZ dispersed in poly(vinylpyrrolidone) crystallized in
1 week under the same condition. The high stability of the amorphous
drug–polymer salt is a result of the absence of a drug–polymer
crystalline structure, reduced driving force for crystallizing the
free base, and reduced molecular mobility. Despite the elevated stability,
the amorphous drug–polymer salt showed fast dissolution and
high solution concentration in two biorelevant media (SGF and FaSSIF).
Additionally, the amorphous CFZ–PAA salt has improved tabletability
and powder flow relative to crystalline CFZ. The CFZ–PAA example
suggests a general method to prepare amorphous drugs with high physical
stability under tropical conditions and fast dissolution.
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17
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Cetindag E, Pentangelo J, Arrieta Cespedes T, Davé RN. Effect of solvents and cellulosic polymers on quality attributes of films loaded with a poorly water-soluble drug. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:117012. [PMID: 33049873 PMCID: PMC7575819 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The combined effect of solvent, cellulosic polymer, and a poorly water-soluble drug, fenofibrate (FNB) on solution-cast pharmaceutical film quality attributes, e.g., morphology, drug recrystallization, content uniformity, mechanical properties, dissolution rate and supersaturation level, was investigated. Film morphology, content uniformity, and mechanical properties were impacted by the extent of FNB recrystallization which was strongly affected by FNB solubility in the solvent as compared to the polymer type, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose. FNB recrystallization affected drug dissolution rates and supersaturation under non-sink conditions. Specifically, the area under the curve linearly correlated with recrystallization. After one-year storage, FNB recrystallization reached very high levels even for the films with no initial recrystallization, suggesting low initial crystallinity does not guarantee stability. Thus, uncontrolled recrystallization and poor time-stability would be unavoidable for solution-cast films. Overall, both the polymer and the solvent strongly impact drug recrystallization, film structure, mechanical properties, dissolution rate, and supersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Cetindag
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - John Pentangelo
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - Thierry Arrieta Cespedes
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
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18
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Wang B, Liu F, Xiang J, He Y, Zhang Z, Cheng Z, Liu W, Tan S. A critical review of spray-dried amorphous pharmaceuticals: Synthesis, analysis and application. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120165. [PMID: 33309835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
New drugs are frequently found with poor water-solubility in recent pharmaceutical projects, which brings difficulties of bioavailability for the clinical development of new drugs. When these drug compounds in a crystalline state are absorbed by gastrointestinal tract, their dissolution rates and absorption rates are very limited. Nowadays, various methods have been developed to improve the solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of drugs. According to the characteristics of drugs, this work suggests the use of spray drying technology to amorphize APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) to improve their bioavailability. This work reviews the properties of the spray-dried amorphous drugs, the progress made in drug synthesis and application, and the existing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yongju He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Dawning Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213162, China
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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19
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Griffin SR, Takanti N, Sarkar S, Song Z, Vogt AD, Danzer GD, Simpson GJ. Disparities of Single-Particle Growth Rates in Buried Versus Exposed Ritonavir Crystals within Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4564-4571. [PMID: 33151697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seeded growth rates of ritonavir in copovidone at 75% relative humidity (RH) and 50 °C were evaluated by single-particle tracking second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy and found to be ∼3-fold slower for crystallites at the surface compared to the bulk. The shelf lives of final dosage forms containing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are often dictated by the rates of active pharmaceutical ingredient crystallization. Upon exposure to elevated RH, the higher anticipated water content near the surfaces of ASDs has the potential to substantially impact nucleation and growth kinetics relative to the bulk. However, quantitative assessment of these differences in growth rates is complicated by challenges associated with discrimination of the two contributions (supersaturation and molecular mobility) in ensemble-averaged measurements. In the present study, "sandwich" materials were prepared, in which sparse populations of ritonavir single-crystalline seeds were pressed between two similar ASD films to assess bulk crystallization rates. These sandwich materials were compared and contrasted with analogously prepared "open-faced" samples, without the capping film, to assess the surface crystallization rates. Single-particle analysis by SHG microscopy time-series during in situ crystallization produced average growth rates of 3.8 μm/h for bulk columnar crystals with a particle-to-particle standard deviation of 0.9 μm/h. In addition, columnar crystal growth rates for surface particles were measured to be 1.3 μm/h and radiating crystal growth rates for surface particles were measured to be 1.0 μm/h, both with a particle-to-particle deviation of 0.4 μm/h. The observed appearance of radiating crystals upon surface seeding is attributed to reduced ritonavir solubility upon water adsorption at the interface, leading to higher defect densities in crystal growth. Despite substantial differences in crystal habit, correction of the surface growth rates by a factor of 4 from geometric effects resulted in relatively minor but statistically significant differences in the growth kinetics for the two local environments. These results are consistent, with viscosity being a relatively weak function of water absorption coupled with primarily diffusion-limited growth kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nita Takanti
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sreya Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhengtian Song
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andrew D Vogt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gerald D Danzer
- AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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20
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Shi Q, Li F, Yeh S, Wang Y, Xin J. Physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids: Nucleation, crystal growth, phase separation and effects of the polymers. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119925. [PMID: 33011255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their crystalline forms, amorphous pharmaceutical solids present marvelous potential and advantages for effectively improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. A central issue in developing amorphous pharmaceutical solids is the stability against crystallization, which is particularly important for maintaining their advantages in solubility and dissolution rate. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies focusing on the physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids affected by nucleation, crystal growth, phase separation and the addition of polymers. Moreover, we highlight the novel technologies and theories in the field of amorphous pharmaceutical solids. Meanwhile, the challenges and strategies in maintaining the physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids are also discussed. With a better understanding of physical stability, the more robust amorphous pharmaceutical formulations with desired pharmaceutical performance would be easier to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Stacy Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem 27103, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Junbo Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
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21
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Bannow J, Koren L, Salar-Behzadi S, Löbmann K, Zimmer A, Rades T. Hot Melt Coating of Amorphous Carvedilol. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060519. [PMID: 32517255 PMCID: PMC7356097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of amorphous drug delivery systems is an attractive approach to improve the bioavailability of low molecular weight drug candidates that suffer from poor aqueous solubility. However, the pharmaceutical performance of many neat amorphous drugs is compromised by their tendency for recrystallization during storage and lumping upon dissolution, which may be improved by the application of coatings on amorphous surfaces. In this study, hot melt coating (HMC) as a solvent-free coating method was utilized to coat amorphous carvedilol (CRV) particles with tripalmitin containing 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) of polysorbate 65 (PS65) in a fluid bed coater. Lipid coated amorphous particles were assessed in terms of their physical stability during storage and their drug release during dynamic in vitro lipolysis. The release of CRV during in vitro lipolysis was shown to be mainly dependent on the PS65 concentration in the coating layer, with a PS65 concentration of 20% (w/w) resulting in an immediate release profile. The physical stability of the amorphous CRV core, however, was negatively affected by the lipid coating, resulting in the recrystallization of CRV at the interface between the crystalline lipid layer and the amorphous drug core. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of lipid spray coating of amorphous CRV as a strategy to modify the drug release from amorphous systems but at the same time highlights the importance of surface-mediated processes for the physical stability of the amorphous form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bannow
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Lina Koren
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (L.K.); (S.S.-B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (L.K.); (S.S.-B.); (A.Z.)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (L.K.); (S.S.-B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.B.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Kramarczyk D, Chmiel K, Romanova J, Kawakami K, Paluch M. Importance of Mesoporous Silica Particle Size in the Stabilization of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals-The Case of Simvastatin. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E384. [PMID: 32331310 PMCID: PMC7238159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the role of mesoporous silica (MS) particle size in the stabilization of amorphous simvastatin (SVT) is revealed. For inhibiting recrystallization of the supercooled drug, the two MS materials (Syloid® XDP 3050 and Syloid® 244 FP) were employed. The crystallization tendency of SVT alone and in mixture with the MS materials was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Neither confinement of the SVT molecules inside the MS pores nor molecular interactions between functional groups of the SVT molecules and the surface of the stabilizing excipient could explain the observed stabilization effect. The stabilization effect might be correlated with diffusion length of the SVT molecules in the MS materials that depended on the particle size. Moreover, MS materials possessing different particle sizes could offer free spaces with different sizes, which might influence crystal growth of SVT. All of these factors must be considered when mesoporous materials are used for stabilizing pharmaceutical glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Daniel Kramarczyk
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmiel
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Jana Romanova
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Marian Paluch
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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23
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Novakovic D, Peltonen L, Isomäki A, Fraser-Miller SJ, Nielsen LH, Laaksonen T, Strachan CJ. Surface Stabilization and Dissolution Rate Improvement of Amorphous Compacts with Thin Polymer Coatings: Can We Have It All? Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1248-1260. [PMID: 32027513 PMCID: PMC7145361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The distinction between surface and
bulk crystallization of amorphous
pharmaceuticals, as well as the importance of surface crystallization
for pharmaceutical performance, is becoming increasingly evident.
An emerging strategy in stabilizing the amorphous drug form is to
utilize thin coatings at the surface. While the physical stability
of systems coated with pharmaceutical polymers has recently been studied,
the effect on dissolution performance as a function of storage time,
as a further necessary step toward the success of these formulations,
has not been previously studied. Furthermore, the effect of coating
thickness has not been elucidated. This study investigated the effect
of these polymer-coating parameters on the interplay between amorphous
surface crystallization and drug dissolution for the first time. The
study utilized simple tablet-like coated dosage forms, comprising
a continuous amorphous drug core and thin polymer coating (hundreds
of nanometers to a micrometer thick). Monitoring included analysis
of both the solid-state of the model drug (with SEM, XRD, and ATR
FTIR spectroscopy) and dissolution performance (and associated morphology
and solid-state changes) after different storage times. Stabilization
of the amorphous form (dependent on the coating thickness) and maintenance
of early-stage intrinsic dissolution rates characteristic for the
unaged amorphous drug were achieved. However, dissolution in the latter
stages was likely inhibited by the presence of a polymer at the surface.
Overall, this study introduced a versatile coated system for studying
the dissolution of thin-coated amorphous dosage forms suitable for
different drugs and coating agents. It demonstrated the importance
of multiple factors that need to be taken into consideration when
aiming to achieve both physical stability and improved release during
the shelf life of amorphous formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Novakovic
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Isomäki
- Biomedicum Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- Dodd-Walls Center for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Kapourani A, Vardaka E, Katopodis K, Kachrimanis K, Barmpalexis P. Crystallization tendency of APIs possessing different thermal and glass related properties in amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119149. [PMID: 32070762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between glass forming ability (GFA) and several thermophysical or physicochemical properties of APIs with the formation and the physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) was evaluated in the present study. Eight poorly water-soluble APIs belonging in different GFA classes (i.e. a) GFA Class I: Carbamazepine, CBZ, b) GFA Class II: Agomelatine, AGO, Aprepitant, APT, Rivaroxaban, RIV, and c) GFA Class III: Indomethacin, IND, Pioglitazone, PIO, Piroxixam, PIR, and Simvastatin, SIM) were tested, in addition to six commonly used matrix-carriers (namely povidone, PVP, hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPC-SL, copovidone, coPVP, Soluplus®, SOL, and gelatin) in order to prepared ASDs via film casting approach. Results using polarized light microscopy (PLM) showed a similar drug crystallization tendency from ASDs independently of their GFA classification, glass stability or glass fragility. X-ray diffraction analysis verified the formation and the physical stability of ASD (independently of GFA class) when a suitable matrix-carrier was selected (i.e. SOL for AGO, RIV and SIM, PVP for APT, CBZ and IND, coPVP for PIO and gelatin for PIR). Further attempts to correlate some physicochemical properties (i.e. component's binding affinity and miscibility) with the formation and the crystallization tendency of the prepared ASDs showed no apparent correlation in regards to the different drug GFA classes. Finally, the evaluation of molecular interactions via FTIR analysis also failed to adequately distinguish the differences in regards to the formation and the physical stability of the prepared systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Elisavet Vardaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katopodis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Lu W, Rades T, Rantanen J, Chan HK, Yang M. Amino acids as stabilizers for spray-dried simvastatin powder for inhalation. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118724. [PMID: 31678523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of amino acids as excipients is a promising approach to improve the physical stability and powder dispersibility of spray-dried powders for inhalation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the stabilizing effect of different amino acids on spray-dried amorphous powders for inhalation using simvastatin (SV) as a model compound. METHODS Two hydrophobic amino acids (leucine, LEU and tryptophan, TRP), and one hydrophilic amino acid (lysine, LYS) were spray dried from 1% (w/v) solutions with SV at a molar ratio of 1:1 into dry powders for inhalation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to characterize the morphology, solid form and potential intermolecular interactions of the spray-dried powders. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyse the chemical composition of the surface of the particles. The physical stability of the dry powders was examined upon storage in controlled conditions. A Next generation impactor (NGI) was applied to assess the in vitro aerosol performance of the powders. RESULTS XRPD and DSC results confirmed that the spray-dried SV-LEU was composed of crystalline LEU and amorphous SV, the spray-dried SV-LYS was co-amorphous, and the spray-dried SV-TRP was an amorphous system with two phases. XPS analyses revealed that the surface of the spray-dried SV-LEU particles were LEU rich, indicating surface-enrichment of LEU in these particles. In contrast, an almost even distribution of TRP and SV at the surface of spray-dried SV-TRP was observed. FTIR results indicated no intermolecular interaction between SV and the amino acids used in the present study. The three spray-dried samples were physically stable after eight months storage in a desiccator (12% RH, ca. 22 °C). Nevertheless, spray-dried SV-LEU exhibited the best storage stability as compared to the other two spray-dried samples when the samples were stored at 60% RH, 25 °C. Both, the spray-dried SV-LEU and SV-TRP exhibited higher fine particle fractions than the spray-dried SV-LYS. CONCLUSION Both the spray-dried SV-LEU and SV-TRP exhibited better aerosol performance and storage stability compared to the spray-dried SV-LYS. Compared to TRP, LEU exhibited better protection of spray-dried amorphous SV from re-crystallization, which could be attributed to the formation of a LEU crystalline shell covering SV upon the spray drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangding Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Science Road A15, NSW 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China.
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Heng W, Wei Y, Xue Y, Cheng H, Zhang L, Zhang J, Gao Y, Qian S. Gel Formation Induced Slow Dissolution of Amorphous Indomethacin. Pharm Res 2019; 36:159. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Inhibiting Surface Crystallization and Improving Dissolution of Amorphous Loratadine by Dextran Sulfate Nanocoating. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2391-2396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Stabilization technology of glass structures is of great interest in the field of pharmaceutical science, as it may prevent poorly soluble candidate compounds from dropping out of the pipeline. Cooling rate from the melt has been recognized as one parameter to alter the energy state of the glass; however, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of glass and stabilization efficiency of the cooling rate has not been clarified yet. We have investigated the effect of cooling rate on the thermodynamic parameters of 13 pharmaceutical glasses, to find features of the compounds that are closely related to the stabilization efficiency. We have also analyzed the structural differences between slowly cooled and annealed glasses based on Fourier-transform infrared spectra and relaxation enthalpy. Although the degree of stabilization was lower for slowly cooled glasses compared to that for vapor-deposited ones, slow cooling was found to be a prominent method for producing stable glass and is applicable to bulk materials. In this observation, a strong correlation between fragility and the number of rotatable bonds was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics , National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
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29
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Palomäki EA, Yliruusi JK, Ehlers HV. Effect of headspace gas on nucleation of amorphous paracetamol. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Acevedo D, Yang X, Liu YC, O’Connor TF, Koswara A, Nagy ZK, Madurawe R, Cruz CN. Encrustation in Continuous Pharmaceutical Crystallization Processes—A Review. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Acevedo
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Xiaochuan Yang
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Yiqing C. Liu
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Thomas F. O’Connor
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Andy Koswara
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zoltan K. Nagy
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rapti Madurawe
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Celia N. Cruz
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
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Crystallization Tendency of Pharmaceutical Glasses: Relevance to Compound Properties, Impact of Formulation Process, and Implications for Design of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050202. [PMID: 31052392 PMCID: PMC6572324 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are important formulation strategies for improving the dissolution process and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Physical stability of a candidate drug must be clearly understood to design ASDs with superior properties. The crystallization tendency of small organics is frequently estimated by applying rapid cooling or a cooling/reheating cycle to their melt using differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallization tendency determined in this way does not directly correlate with the physical stability during isothermal storage, which is of great interest to pharmaceutical researchers. Nevertheless, it provides important insights into strategy for the formulation design and the crystallization mechanism of the drug molecules. The initiation time for isothermal crystallization can be explained using the ratio of the glass transition and storage temperatures (Tg/T). Although some formulation processes such as milling and compaction can enhance nucleation, the Tg/T ratio still works for roughly predicting the crystallization behavior. Thus, design of accelerated physical stability test may be possible for ASDs. The crystallization tendency during the formulation process and the supersaturation ability of ASDs may also be related to the crystallization tendency determined by thermal analysis. In this review, the assessment of the crystallization tendency of pharmaceutical glasses and its relevance to developmental studies of ASDs are discussed.
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32
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Tanaka R, Hattori Y, Horie Y, Kamada H, Nagato T, Otsuka M. Characterization of Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Pharmaceutical Compound with pH-Dependent Solubility Prepared by Continuous-Spray Granulator. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040159. [PMID: 30987131 PMCID: PMC6523299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuous-spray granulator (CTS-SGR) is a one-step granulation technology capable of using solutions or suspensions. The present research objectives were, (1) to reduce the manufacturing operations for solid dosage formulations, (2) to make amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) granules without pre-preparation of amorphous solids of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), and (3) to characterize the obtained SGR granules by comprehensive pharmaceutical analysis. Rebamipide (RBM), a biopharmaceutical classification system class IV drug, that has low solubility or permeability in the stomach, was selected as a model compound. Five kind of granules with different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP-VA) were prepared using a one-step SGR process. All of the SGR granules could be produced in amorphous or ASD form and their thermodynamic stability was very high because of high glass transition temperatures (>178 °C). They were unstable in 20 °C/75%RH; however, their stability was improved according to the proportion of polymer. The carboxy group of RBM was ionized in the granules and interactions appeared between RBM and PVP-VA, with the formation of an ASD confirmed and the solubility was enhanced compared with bulk RBM crystals. The SGR methodology has the possibility of contributing to process development in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
| | - Yukun Horie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Kamada
- Research & Development Department, Technical Division, Powrex Corporation, 5-5-5 Kitagawara, Itami, Hyogo 664-0837, Japan.
| | - Takuya Nagato
- Research & Development Department, Technical Division, Powrex Corporation, 5-5-5 Kitagawara, Itami, Hyogo 664-0837, Japan.
| | - Makoto Otsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
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33
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Improving Stability and Dissolution of Amorphous Clofazimine by Polymer Nano-Coating. Pharm Res 2019; 36:67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Li Y, Yu J, Hu S, Chen Z, Sacchetti M, Sun CC, Yu L. Polymer Nanocoating of Amorphous Drugs for Improving Stability, Dissolution, Powder Flow, and Tabletability: The Case of Chitosan-Coated Indomethacin. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1305-1311. [PMID: 30668120 PMCID: PMC6404105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a result of its higher molecular mobility, the surface of an amorphous drug can grow crystals much more rapidly than the bulk, causing poor stability and slow dissolution of drug products. We show that a nanocoating of chitosan (a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer) can be deposited on the surface of amorphous indomethacin by electrostatic deposition, leading to significant improvement of physical stability, wetting by aqueous media, dissolution rate, powder flow, and tabletability. The coating condition was chosen so that the positively charged polymer deposits on the negatively charged drug. Chitosan coating is superior to gelatin coating with respect to stability against crystallization and agglomeration of coated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shenye Hu
- College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | | | | | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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Schenck L, Koynov A, Cote A. Particle engineering at the drug substance, drug product interface: a comprehensive platform approach to enabling continuous drug substance to drug product processing with differentiated material properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:521-531. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1562467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Chemical Engineering R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Athanas Koynov
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Aaron Cote
- Chemical Engineering R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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36
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Schenck L, Mann AKP, Liu Z, Milewski M, Zhang S, Ren J, Dewitt K, Hermans A, Cote A. Building a better particle: Leveraging physicochemical understanding of amorphous solid dispersions and a hierarchical particle approach for improved delivery at high drug loadings. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:147-155. [PMID: 30654058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions are a promising option for managing compounds with poor aqueous solubility. However, for compounds with high melting points, thermal stability limitations, or poor solubility in volatile solvents, conventional routes of hot melt extrusion or spray drying may not be viable. Co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD) can provide a solution. For the material studied in this paper, the cPAD material that was seemingly identical to spray dried material in terms of being single phase amorphous (as measured by DSC and XRD ) but showed slower dissolution behavior. It was identified that physical properties of the cPAD material could be improved to enhance wettability and improve dissolution performance. This was achieved by incorporating the cPAD material into a matrix of water soluble excipients generated via evaporative isolation routes. Importantly, this approach appears to offer another route to further increase the drug load in final dosage units and is significant as increased drug loading generally results in slower or incomplete release. Results showed successful proof of concept via in vitro biorelevant dissolution and confirmatory canine pharmacokinetic studies yielding comparable exposure for capsules comprised of conventional spray dried material as well as capsules with elevated drug load comprised of cPAD hierarchical particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Particle Engineering Labs, Chemical Engineering R&D, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Amanda K P Mann
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Preformulation, Pharmaceutical Sciences Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mikolaj Milewski
- Biopharmaceutics and Specialty Dosage Forms, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- MMC, Process Research and Design, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- OFST, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Kristel Dewitt
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Andre Hermans
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Aaron Cote
- Technology Labs, Chemical Engineering R&D, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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37
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Effect of Particle Size and Polymer Loading on Dissolution Behavior of Amorphous Griseofulvin Powder. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kearns KL, Krzyskowski P, Devereaux Z. Using deposition rate to increase the thermal and kinetic stability of vapor-deposited hole transport layer glasses via a simple sublimation apparatus. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:203328. [PMID: 28571345 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition rate is known to affect the relative stability of vapor-deposited glasses; slower rates give more stable materials due to enhanced mobility at the free surface of the film. Here we show that the deposition rate can affect both the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (TPD) and N,N'-di-[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPD) glasses used as hole transport layers for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). A simple, low-vacuum glass sublimation apparatus and a high vacuum deposition chamber were used to deposit the glass. 50 μm thick films were deposited in the sublimation apparatus and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry while 75 nm thick films were prepared in the high vacuum chamber and studied by hot-stage spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The thermodynamic stability from both preparation chambers was consistent and showed that the fictive temperature (Tfictive) was more than 30 K lower than the conventional glass transition temperature (Tg) at the slowest deposition rates. The kinetic stability, measured as the onset temperature (Tonset) where the glass begins to transform into the supercooled liquid, was 16-17 K greater than Tg at the slowest rates. Tonset was systematically lower for the thin films characterized by SE and was attributed to the thickness dependent transformation of the glass into the supercooled liquid. These results show the first calorimetric characterization of the stability of glasses for OLED applications made by vapor deposition and the first direct comparison of deposition apparatuses as a function of the deposition rate. The ease of fabrication will create an opportunity for others to study the effect of deposition conditions on glass stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan 48710, USA
| | - Paige Krzyskowski
- Department of Chemistry, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan 48710, USA
| | - Zachary Devereaux
- Department of Chemistry, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan 48710, USA
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Pui Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Wang S, Liu C, Tonnis W, Chen L, Serno P, Bracht S, Qian F. Maintaining Supersaturation of Nimodipine by PVP with or without the Presence of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Sodium Taurocholate. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2754-2763. [PMID: 29782805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most versatile supersaturating drug delivery systems to improve the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. PVP based ASD formulation of nimodipine (NMD) has been marketed and effectively used in clinic for nearly 30 years, yet the mechanism by which PVP maintains the supersaturation and subsequently improves the bioavailability of NMD was rarely investigated. In this research, we first studied the molecular interactions between NMD and PVP by solution NMR, using CDCl3 as the solvent, and the drug-polymer Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. No strong specific interaction between PVP and NMD was detected in the nonaqueous state. However, we observed that aqueous supersaturation of NMD could be significantly maintained by PVP, presumably due to the hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic moieties of PVP and NMD in aqueous medium. This hypothesis was supported by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and supersaturation experiments in the presence of different surfactants. DLS revealed the formation of NMD/PVP aggregates when NMD was supersaturated, suggesting the formation of hydrophobic interactions between the drug and polymer. The addition of surfactants, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium taurocholate (NaTC), into PVP maintained that NMD supersaturation demonstrated different effects: SLS could only improve NMD supersaturation with concentration above its critical aggregation concentration (CAC) value while not with lower concentration. Nevertheless, NaTC could prolong NMD supersaturation independent of concentration, with lower concentration outperformed higher concentration. We attribute these observations to PVP-surfactant interactions and the formation of PVP/surfactant complexes. In summary, despite the lack of specific interactions in the nonaqueous state, NMD aqueous supersaturation in the presence of PVP was attained by hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic moieties of NMD and PVP. This hydrophobic interaction could be disrupted by surfactants, which interact with PVP competitively, thus hindering the capability of PVP to maintain NMD supersaturation. Therefore, caution is needed when evaluating such ASDs in vitro and in vivo when various surfactants are present either in the formulation or in the surrounding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipshu Pui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Yuejie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Huijun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Wouter Tonnis
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Research and Development , Bayer AG , 13342 Berlin , Germany
| | - Linc Chen
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Research and Development , Bayer AG , Beijing 100020 , China
| | - Peter Serno
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Research and Development , Bayer AG , 42096 Elberfeld , Germany
| | - Stefan Bracht
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Research and Development , Bayer AG , 13342 Berlin , Germany
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
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Impact of Drug-Polymer Miscibility on Enthalpy Relaxation of Irbesartan Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharm Res 2018; 35:29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Teerakapibal R, Gui Y, Yu L. Gelatin Nano-coating for Inhibiting Surface Crystallization of Amorphous Drugs. Pharm Res 2018; 35:23. [PMID: 29305725 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibit the fast surface crystallization of amorphous drugs with gelatin nano-coatings. METHODS The free surface of amorphous films of indomethacin or nifedipine was coated by a gelatin solution (type A or B) and dried. The coating's effect on surface crystallization was evaluated. Coating thickness was estimated from mass change after coating. RESULTS For indomethacin (weak acid, pKa = 4.5), a gelatin coating of either type deposited at pH 5 and 10 inhibited its fast surface crystal growth. The coating thickness was 20 ± 10 nm. A gelatin coating deposited at pH 3, however, provided no protective effect. These results suggest that an effective gelatin coating does not require that the drug and the polymer have opposite charges. The ineffective pH 3 coating might reflect the poor wetting of indomethacin's neutral, hydrophobic surface by the coating solution. For nifedipine (weak base, pKa = 2.6), a gelatin coating of either type deposited at pH 5 inhibited its fast surface crystal growth. CONCLUSIONS Gelatin nano-coatings can be conveniently applied to amorphous drugs from solution to inhibit fast surface crystallization. Unlike strong polyelectrolyte coatings, a protective gelatin coating does not require strict pairing of opposite charges. This could make gelatin coating a versatile, pharmaceutically acceptable coating for stabilizing amorphous drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Gui
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA.
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42
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Kawakami K. Pharmaceutical Applications of Thermal Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64062-8.00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Healy AM, Worku ZA, Kumar D, Madi AM. Pharmaceutical solvates, hydrates and amorphous forms: A special emphasis on cocrystals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:25-46. [PMID: 28342786 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) may exist in various solid forms, which can lead to differences in the intermolecular interactions, affecting the internal energy and enthalpy, and the degree of disorder, affecting the entropy. Differences in solid forms often lead to differences in thermodynamic parameters and physicochemical properties for example solubility, dissolution rate, stability and mechanical properties of APIs and excipients. Hence, solid forms of APIs play a vital role in drug discovery and development in the context of optimization of bioavailability, filing intellectual property rights and developing suitable manufacturing methods. In this review, the fundamental characteristics and trends observed for pharmaceutical hydrates, solvates and amorphous forms are presented, with special emphasis, due to their relative abundance, on pharmaceutical hydrates with single and two-component (i.e. cocrystal) host molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Healy
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Zelalem Ayenew Worku
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Atif M Madi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Carlson JS, Marleau P, Zarkesh RA, Feng PL. Taking Advantage of Disorder: Small-Molecule Organic Glasses for Radiation Detection and Particle Discrimination. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [PMID: 28632383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of fluorescent silyl-fluorene molecules were synthesized and studied with respect to their photophysical properties and response toward ionizing neutron and gamma-ray radiation. Optically transparent and stable organic glasses were prepared from these materials using a bulk melt-casting procedure. The prepared organic glass monoliths provided fluorescence quantum yields and radiation detection properties exceeding the highest-performing benchmark materials such as solution-grown trans-stilbene crystals. Co-melts based on blends of two different glass-forming compounds were prepared with the goal of enhancing the stability of the amorphous state. Accelerated aging experiments on co-melt mixtures ranging from 0% to 100% of each component indicated improved resistance to recrystallization in the glass blends, able to remain fully amorphous for >1 month at 60 °C. Secondary dopants comprising singlet fluorophores or iridium organometallic compounds provided further improved detection efficiency, as evaluated by light yield and neutron/gamma particle discrimination measurements. Optimized singlet and triplet doping levels were determined to be 0.05 wt % 1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene singlet fluorophore and 0.28 wt % Ir3+, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Carlson
- Sandia National Laboratories , 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Peter Marleau
- Sandia National Laboratories , 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ryan A Zarkesh
- Sandia National Laboratories , 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Patrick L Feng
- Sandia National Laboratories , 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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Hellrup J, Mahlin D. Confinement of Amorphous Lactose in Pores Formed Upon Co-Spray Drying With Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:322-330. [PMID: 27836110 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating factors influencing humidity-induced recrystallization of amorphous lactose, produced by co-spray drying with particles of cellulose nanocrystals or sodium montmorillonite. In particular, the focus is on how the nanoparticle shape and surface properties influence the nanometer to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement in the nanocomposites and how the arrangements influence the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of the amorphous to crystalline transition. The nanocomposites were produced by co-spray drying. Solid-state transformations were analyzed at 60%-94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction, microcalorimetry, and light microscopy. The recrystallization rate constant for the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites was lowered at nanofiller contents higher than 60% and was stable for months at 80% nanofiller. The most likely explanation to these results is spontaneous formations of mesoporous particle networks that the lactose is confined upon co-spray drying at high filler content. Compartmentalization and rigidification of the amorphous lactose proved to be less important mechanisms involved in the stabilization of lactose in the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hellrup
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Denny Mahlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Laser irradiation to produce amorphous pharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm 2016; 514:282-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kawakami K. Supersaturation and crystallization: non-equilibrium dynamics of amorphous solid dispersions for oral drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:735-743. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1230099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Polomska A, Leroux JC, Brambilla D. Layer-by-Layer Coating of Solid Drug Cores: A Versatile Method to Improve Stability, Control Release and Tune Surface Properties. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Polomska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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Monitoring the recrystallisation of amorphous xylitol using Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Int J Pharm 2016; 508:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Zhang W, Teerakapibal R, Yu L. Surface Mobility of Amorphous o-Terphenyl: A Strong Inhibitory Effect of Low-Concentration Polystyrene. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6842-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Rattavut Teerakapibal
- School of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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