1
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Russo C, Russomanno P, D'Amore VM, Alfano AI, Santoro F, Guzelj S, Gobec M, Amato J, Pagano B, Marinelli L, Carotenuto A, Tron GC, Di Leva FS, Jakopin Ž, Brancaccio D, Giustiniano M. Discovery of 2,3-Diaminoindole Derivatives as a Novel Class of NOD Antagonists. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3004-3017. [PMID: 38301029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 are members of the pattern recognition receptors involved in the innate immune response. Overactivation of NOD1 is implicated in inflammatory disorders, multiple sclerosis, and cancer cell metastases. NOD1 antagonists would represent valuable pharmacological tools to gain further insight into protein roles, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies. We herein report the expansion of the chemical space of NOD1 antagonists via a multicomponent synthetic approach affording a novel chemotype, namely, 2,3-diaminoindoles. These efforts resulted in compound 37, endowed with low micromolar affinity toward NOD1. Importantly, a proof-of-evidence of direct binding to NOD1 of Noditinib-1 and derivative 37 is provided here for the first time. Additionally, the combination of computational studies and NMR-based displacement assays enabled the characterization of the binding modality of 37 to NOD1, thus providing key unprecedented knowledge for the design of potent and selective NOD1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pasquale Russomanno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maria D'Amore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Ilenia Alfano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Federica Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
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2
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Yin X, Wang L, Niu Y, Xie D, Zhang Q, Xiao J, Dong L, Wang C. Unmasking Chemokine-Inducing Specificity in Oligosaccharide Biomaterial to Promote Hair Growth. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304655. [PMID: 37567583 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss affects over 50 million people worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Despite evidence highlighting the vital role of local immune cells in regulating the life cycle of hair follicles (HFs), accurate regulation of immunocytes to directly promote hair growth remains unachieved. Here, inspired by the physiological feedback in the skin immunity to suppress microbe-triggered inflammation, an oligosaccharide biomaterial with "unmasked" specific activity is developed to recruit regulatory T (Treg ) cells around HFs, leading to accelerated hair growth in mice. By processing the glucomannan polysaccharide via controllable enzymatic cleavage, a series of oligosaccharide fractions with more specific chemokine-inducing functions is obtained. Notably, a hexasaccharide-based fraction (OG6) stimulates macrophages to selectively express Treg -chemoattractant C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) through a mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis and NOD1/2-dependent signaling, as evidenced by molecular docking, inhibition assays, and a Foxp3-reporter mouse model. Intradermal delivery of OG6 to the depilated mouse skin promotes Treg mobilization around HFs and stimulates de novo regeneration of robust hairs. This study demonstrates that unmasking precise immunomodulatory functions in oligosaccharides from their parental polysaccharide can potentially solve the long-lasting dilemma with polysaccharide biomaterials that are widely renowned for versatile activities yet high heterogeneity, opening new avenues to designing glycan-based therapeutic tools with improved specificity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory in Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory in Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Daping Xie
- State Key Laboratory in Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory in Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- National Resource Center For Mutant Mice, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, University of Macau, Hengqin, 519000, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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3
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Tsukidate T, Hespen CW, Hang HC. Small molecule modulators of immune pattern recognition receptors. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:1014-1036. [PMID: 38033733 PMCID: PMC10685800 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represent a re-emerging class of therapeutic targets for vaccine adjuvants, inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review article, we summarize exciting developments in discovery and characterization of small molecule PRR modulators, focusing on Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and the cGAS-STING pathway. We also highlight PRRs that are currently lacking small molecule modulators and opportunities for chemical biology and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Tsukidate
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Charles W Hespen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology and Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla California 92037 USA
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4
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Tran LS, Ying L, D'Costa K, Wray-McCann G, Kerr G, Le L, Allison CC, Ferrand J, Chaudhry H, Emery J, De Paoli A, Colon N, Creed S, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, Como J, Dowling JK, Johanesen PA, Kufer TA, Pedersen JS, Mansell A, Philpott DJ, Elgass KD, Abud HE, Nachbur U, Croker BA, Masters SL, Ferrero RL. NOD1 mediates interleukin-18 processing in epithelial cells responding to Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3804. [PMID: 37365163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1 family members, IL-1β and IL-18, are processed into their biologically active forms by multi-protein complexes, known as inflammasomes. Although the inflammasome pathways that mediate IL-1β processing in myeloid cells have been defined, those involved in IL-18 processing, particularly in non-myeloid cells, are still not well understood. Here we report that the host defence molecule NOD1 regulates IL-18 processing in mouse epithelial cells in response to the mucosal pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. Specifically, NOD1 in epithelial cells mediates IL-18 processing and maturation via interactions with caspase-1, instead of the canonical inflammasome pathway involving RIPK2, NF-κB, NLRP3 and ASC. NOD1 activation and IL-18 then help maintain epithelial homoeostasis to mediate protection against pre-neoplastic changes induced by gastric H. pylori infection in vivo. Our findings thus demonstrate a function for NOD1 in epithelial cell production of bioactive IL-18 and protection against H. pylori-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Tran
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L Ying
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K D'Costa
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G Wray-McCann
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L Le
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C C Allison
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Ferrand
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H Chaudhry
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Emery
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A De Paoli
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Colon
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Creed
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Como
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J K Dowling
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P A Johanesen
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - T A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - A Mansell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K D Elgass
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - U Nachbur
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, WEHI, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B A Croker
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Inflammation Division, WEHI, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S L Masters
- Inflammation Division, WEHI, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Inflammation Division, WEHI, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Mitochondria supply sub-lethal signals for cytokine secretion and DNA-damage in H. pylori infection. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2218-2232. [PMID: 35505004 PMCID: PMC9613881 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori induces gastric inflammation and predisposes to cancer. H. pylori-infected epithelial cells secrete cytokines and chemokines and undergo DNA-damage. We show that the host cell's mitochondrial apoptosis system contributes to cytokine secretion and DNA-damage in the absence of cell death. H. pylori induced secretion of cytokines/chemokines from epithelial cells, dependent on the mitochondrial apoptosis machinery. A signalling step was identified in the release of mitochondrial Smac/DIABLO, which was required for alternative NF-κB-activation and contributed to chemokine secretion. The bacterial cag-pathogenicity island and bacterial muropeptide triggered mitochondrial host cell signals through the pattern recognition receptor NOD1. H. pylori-induced DNA-damage depended on mitochondrial apoptosis signals and the caspase-activated DNAse. In biopsies from H. pylori-positive patients, we observed a correlation of Smac-levels and inflammation. Non-apoptotic cells in these samples showed evidence of caspase-3-activation, correlating with phosphorylation of the DNA-damage response kinase ATM. Thus, H. pylori activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to a sub-lethal level. During infection, Smac has a cytosolic, pro-inflammatory role in the absence of apoptosis. Further, DNA-damage through sub-lethal mitochondrial signals is likely to contribute to mutagenesis and cancer development.
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6
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Martin-Gallausiaux C, Garcia-Weber D, Lashermes A, Larraufie P, Marinelli L, Teixeira V, Rolland A, Béguet-Crespel F, Brochard V, Quatremare T, Jamet A, Doré J, Gray-Owen SD, Blottière HM, Arrieumerlou C, Lapaque N. Akkermansia muciniphila upregulates genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier function via ADP-heptose-dependent activation of the ALPK1/TIFA pathway. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2110639. [PMID: 36036242 PMCID: PMC9427033 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The commensal bacteria that make up the gut microbiota impact the health of their host on multiple levels. In particular, the interactions taking place between the microbe-associated molecule patterns (MAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. While numerous studies showed that TLRs and NLRs are involved in the control of gut homeostasis by commensal bacteria, the role of additional innate immune receptors remains unclear. Here, we seek for novel MAMP-PRR interactions involved in the beneficial effect of the commensal bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila on intestinal homeostasis. We show that A. muciniphila strongly activates NF-κB in IECs by releasing one or more potent activating metabolites into the microenvironment. By using drugs, chemical and gene-editing tools, we found that the released metabolite(s) enter(s) epithelial cells and activate(s) NF-κB via an ALPK1, TIFA and TRAF6-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we show that the released molecule has the biological characteristics of the ALPK1 ligand ADP-heptose. Finally, we show that A. muciniphila induces the expression of the MUC2, BIRC3 and TNFAIP3 genes involved in the maintenance of the intestinal barrier function and that this process is dependent on TIFA. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that the commensal A. muciniphila promotes intestinal homeostasis by activating the ALPK1/TIFA/TRAF6 axis, an innate immune pathway exclusively described so far in the context of Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amandine Lashermes
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ludovica Marinelli
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Veronica Teixeira
- INSERM, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alice Rolland
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Vincent Brochard
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Timothé Quatremare
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandre Jamet
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Scott D. Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hervé M. Blottière
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nicolas Lapaque
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France,CONTACT Nicolas Lapaque INRAE-MICALIS UMR1319, Bat 442, Domaine de Vilvert78350Jouy-en-Josas, France
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7
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Arulkumar M, Yang K, Wang N, Penislusshiyan S, Palvannan T, Ramalingam K, Chen F, Luo SH, Zhou YJ, Wang ZY. Synthesis of benzimidazole/triphenylamine-based compounds, evaluation of their bioactivities and an in silico study with receptor tyrosine kinases. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative activity of AL-1 against various cancer cells indicated the applicability of the BI-TPA-based compound as a potential multi-cancer inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Arulkumar
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sakayanathan Penislusshiyan
- Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thayumanavan Palvannan
- Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthick Ramalingam
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Management and Treatment, School of Environment, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fuming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Management and Treatment, School of Environment, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhou
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Deng L, Xu H, Liu P, Wu S, Shi Y, Lv Y, Chen X. Prolonged exposure to high humidity and high temperature environment can aggravate influenza virus infection through intestinal flora and Nod/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108896. [PMID: 33091794 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is an acute viral infection caused by influenza virus, which is often prevalent in the summer and winter. The influenza virus can infect pigs and poultry. Some literature reports that the influenza virus has an outbreak in summer. The summer climate is characterized by a high humidity and high temperature environment, which is the same as many animal feeding and growing environments. We established a flu animal model under a high temperature and humidity environment during the day to observe the impact of high humidity and high temperature environment on the mice after contracting the influenza virus. Our results indicate that the intestinal flora of 16 s rDNA cultured in High humidity and high temperature environment changes, the intestinal mucosal permeability increases, the expression of pIgR, sIgA, and IgA in the intestinal mucosal immune system decreases, and the NLR immune recognition signaling pathway NOD1 is activated. The expression of related genes such as NOD2, NF-κB, and pIgR increases, which leads to the increase of related inflammatory factors in the vicinity of the intestines, aggravating local inflammation. High humidity and high temperature environment can cause the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the body to rise, causing Th17/Treg immune imbalance, inhibiting Treg maturation and differentiation, and increasing the expression of IL-2, IL-6, and other cytokines, while the expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A decreases. This condition worsens after infection with the influenza virus. Overall, our study found that High humidity and high temperature environment affect the intestinal flora and the body's immune status, thereby aggravating the status of influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Huachong Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sizhi Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yucong Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yiwen Lv
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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9
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Ma Y, Yang J, Wei X, Pei Y, Ye J, Li X, Si G, Tian J, Dong Y, Liu G. Nonpeptidic quinazolinone derivatives as dual nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 1/2 antagonists for adjuvant cancer chemotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112723. [PMID: 32920426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 and 2 (NOD1/2) receptors are potential immune checkpoints. In this article, a quinazolinone derivative (36b) as a NOD1/2 dual antagonist was identified that significantly sensitizes B16 tumor-bearing mice to paclitaxel treatment by inhibiting both nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase inflammatory signaling that mediated by NOD1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ma
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Rd, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jingshu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xiduan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yameng Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jingjia Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Guangxu Si
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yi Dong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Rd, Xicheng Dist, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian Dist, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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10
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Identification of benzofused five-membered sultams, potent dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112575. [PMID: 32731185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 play important roles in immune system activation. Recently, a shift has occurred due to the emerging knowledge that preventing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) signaling could facilitate the treatment of some cancers, which warrants the search for dual antagonists of NOD1 and NOD2. Herein, we undertook the synthesis and identification of a new class of derivatives of dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists with novel benzofused five-membered sultams. Compound 14k was finally demonstrated to be the most potent molecule that inhibits both NOD1-and NOD2-stimulated NF-κB and MAPK signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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11
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Guzelj S, Gobec M, Urbančič D, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Corsini E, Jakopin Ž. Structural features and functional activities of benzimidazoles as NOD2 antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112089. [PMID: 32014680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 are pattern recognition receptors that have important roles in innate immune responses. Although their overactivation has been linked to a number of diseases, NOD2 in particular remains a virtually unexploited target in this respect, with only one structural class of antagonist reported. To gain insight into the structure-activity relationships of NOD2 antagonists, a series of novel analogs was designed and synthesized, and then screened for antagonist activity versus NOD2, and counter-screened versus NOD1. Compounds 32 and 38 were identified as potent and moderately selective NOD2 antagonists, and 33 and 42 as dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists, with balanced activities against both targets in the low micromolar range. These data enable in-depth exploration of their structure-activity relationships and provide deeper understanding of the structural features required for NOD2 antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dunja Urbančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Jakopin Ž, Corsini E. THP-1 Cells and Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production: An in Vitro Tool for Functional Characterization of NOD1/NOD2 Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174265. [PMID: 31480368 PMCID: PMC6747088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
THP-1 cells express high levels of native functional nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) receptors, and have often been used for investigating the immunomodulatory effects of small molecules. We postulated that they would represent an ideal cell-based model for our study, the aim of which was to develop a new in vitro tool for functional characterization of NOD antagonists. NOD antagonists were initially screened for their effect on NOD agonist-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. Next, we examined the extent to which the selected NOD antagonists block the NOD-TLR4 synergistic crosstalk by measuring the effect of NOD antagonism on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion from doubly activated THP-1 cells. Overall, the results obtained indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from THP-1 provides a valuable, simple and reproducible in vitro tool for functional characterization of NOD antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Lassailly G, Bou Saleh M, Leleu-Chavain N, Ningarhari M, Gantier E, Carpentier R, Artru F, Gnemmi V, Bertin B, Maboudou P, Betbeder D, Gheeraert C, Maggiotto F, Dharancy S, Mathurin P, Louvet A, Dubuquoy L. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) modulates liver ischemia reperfusion through the expression adhesion molecules. J Hepatol 2019; 70:1159-1169. [PMID: 30685324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In liver transplantation, organ shortage leads to the use of marginal grafts that are more susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We identified nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) as an important modulator of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-induced liver injury, which occurs in IR. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the role of NOD1 in IR injury, particularly focusing on its effects on the endothelium and hepatocytes. METHOD Nod1 WT and KO mice were treated with NOD1 agonists and subjected to liver IR. Expression of adhesion molecules was analyzed in total liver, isolated hepatocytes and endothelial cells. Interactions between PMNs and hepatocytes were studied in an ex vivo co-culture model using electron microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase levels. We generated NOD1 antagonist-loaded nanoparticles (np ALINO). RESULTS NOD1 agonist treatment increased liver injury, PMN tissue infiltration and upregulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression 20 hours after reperfusion. NOD1 agonist treatment without IR increased expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) in total liver and more particularly in WT hepatocytes, but not in Nod1 KO hepatocytes. This induction is dependent of p38 and ERK signaling pathways. Compared to untreated hepatocytes, a NOD1 agonist markedly increased hepatocyte lysis in co-culture with PMNs as shown by the increase of lactate dehydrogenase in supernatants. Interaction between hepatocytes and PMNs was confirmed by electron microscopy. In a mouse model of liver IR, treatment with np ALINO significantly reduced the area of necrosis, aminotransferase levels and ICAM-1 expression. CONCLUSION NOD1 regulates liver IR injury through induction of adhesion molecules and modulation of hepatocyte-PMN interactions. NOD1 antagonist-loaded nanoparticles reduced liver IR injury and provide a potential approach to prevent IR, especially in the context of liver transplantation. LAY SUMMARY Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is as an important modulator of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-induced liver injury, which occurs in ischemia-reperfusion. Here, we show that the NOD1 pathway targets liver adhesion molecule expression on the endothelium and on hepatocytes through p38 and ERK signaling pathways. The early increase of adhesion molecule expression after reperfusion emphasizes the importance of adhesion molecules in liver injury. In this study we generated nanoparticles loaded with NOD1 antagonist. These nanoparticles reduced liver necrosis by reducing PMN liver infiltration and adhesion molecule expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lassailly
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Mohamed Bou Saleh
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique de Lille, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Massih Ningarhari
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Gantier
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florent Artru
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Viviane Gnemmi
- Service d'anatomopathologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Bertin
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Patrice Maboudou
- UF 8832 - Biochimie Automatisée, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, CHRU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Didier Betbeder
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Université d'artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- U1011 - EGID, Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Maggiotto
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Dharancy
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Rivers SL, Klip A, Giacca A. NOD1: An Interface Between Innate Immunity and Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1021-1030. [PMID: 30807635 PMCID: PMC6477778 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is driven, in part, by activation of the innate immune system. We have discussed the evidence linking nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)1, an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, to the onset and progression of obesity-induced insulin resistance. On a molecular level, crosstalk between downstream NOD1 effectors and the insulin receptor pathway inhibits insulin signaling, potentially through reduced insulin receptor substrate action. In vivo studies have demonstrated that NOD1 activation induces peripheral, hepatic, and whole-body insulin resistance. Also, NOD1-deficient models are protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, hematopoietic NOD1 deficiency prevented HFD-induced changes in proinflammatory macrophage polarization status, thus protecting against the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Serum from HFD-fed mice activated NOD1 signaling ex vivo; however, the molecular identity of the activating factors remains unclear. Many have proposed that an HFD changes the gut permeability, resulting in increased translocation of bacterial fragments and increased circulating NOD1 ligands. In contrast, others have suggested that NOD1 ligands are endogenous and potentially lipid-derived metabolites produced during states of nutrient overload. Nevertheless, that NOD1 contributes to the development of insulin resistance, and that NOD1-based therapy might provide benefit, is an exciting advancement in metabolic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L Rivers
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: Adria Giacca, MD, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, No. 3336, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. E-mail:
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Kim YH, Li Z, Cui L, Li Y, Yoon HJ, Choi W, Lee JB, Liu Z, Yoon KC. Expression of Nod-like Receptors and Clinical Correlations in Patients With Dry Eye Disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 200:150-160. [PMID: 30653959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression pattern of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (Nod)-like receptors that detects "danger" intracellular signaling and its correlation with clinical dry eye (DE) markers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 50 participants with 50 eyes were included: 23 eyes with Sjögren syndrome (SS)-DE, 14 eyes with non-SS-DE, and 13 healthy controls with non-DE. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was self-answered and clinical tests including the tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer test, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) were performed. Specimens for expression pattern analysis were obtained by conjunctival impression cytology and biopsy. Nod-1, inhibitor kappa B kinase-alpha (IκKα), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression was determined by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Correlations between Nod-1 and ocular surface parameters were determined. RESULTS Patients with SS-DE had significantly higher OSDI and CFS scores and lower TBUT and Schirmer test scores than those with non-SS-DE patients (all P < .05). Compared with the control group, both the SS-DE and non-SS-DE groups showed significant upregulation in mRNA expression levels of Nod-1 (relative 3.48-fold and 1.72-fold upregulation, respectively, P < .01), IκKα (relative 1.83-fold and 1.24-fold upregulation, respectively, P < .01), and NF-κB (relative 1.84-fold and 1.32-fold upregulation, respectively, P < .01). Western blot analysis showed that Nod-1 protein expression increased in both the SS-DE and non-SS-DE groups (relative 2.71-fold and 1.64-fold upregulation, respectively, P < .05) compared with that in the control group. Similar findings were observed for IκKα and NF-κB. In DE participants, the expression of Nod-1 significantly correlated with the OSDI (R2 = 0.61, r = 0.78, P < .01), Schirmer test score (R2 = 0.44, r = -0.66, P < .01), and CFS (R2 = 0.46, r = 0.68, P < .01) but did not significantly correlate with TBUT (R2 < 0.01, r = 0.08, P = .66). CONCLUSIONS Nod-1 expression was increased in the conjunctiva of DE, especially SS-DE, and was associated with disease severity. Expression of Nod-like receptors might play an important role in initiating the inflammatory response in DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hui Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Zhengri Li
- Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lian Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Won Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jee-Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kyung-Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Zhang C, Chen-Yu Hsu A, Pan H, Gu Y, Zuo X, Dong B, Wang Z, Zheng J, Lu J, Zheng R, Wang F. Columbianadin Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis through the NOD1 Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030549. [PMID: 30717343 PMCID: PMC6384818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Columbianadin (CBN) is one of the main bioactive constituents isolated from the root of Angelica pubescens. Although the anti-inflammatory activity of CBN has been reported, the underpinning mechanism of this remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of CBN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells and explored the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that CBN suppressed LPS-mediated inflammatory response mainly through the inactivation of the NOD1 and NF-κB p65 signaling pathways. Knockdown of NOD1 reduced the degree to which inflammatory cytokines decreased following CBN treatment, whereas forced expression of NOD1 and CBN treatment reduced NF-κB p65 activation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, CBN significantly reduced cellular apoptosis by inhibiting the NOD1 pathway. Collectively, our results indicate that CBN suppressed the LPS-mediated inflammatory response by inhibiting NOD1/NF-κB activation. Further investigations are required to determine the mechanisms of action of CBN in the inhibition of NOD signaling: However, CBN may be employed as a therapeutic agent for multiple inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia;
| | - He Pan
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yinuo Gu
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xu Zuo
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jingtong Zheng
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Junying Lu
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (C.Z.); (H.P.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-0431-0544
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17
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Corridoni D, Chapman T, Ambrose T, Simmons A. Emerging Mechanisms of Innate Immunity and Their Translational Potential in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018. [PMID: 29515999 PMCID: PMC5825991 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system through pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) signaling plays a pivotal role in the early induction of host defense following exposure to pathogens. Loss of intestinal innate immune regulation leading aberrant immune responses has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The precise role of PRRs in gut inflammation is not well understood, but considering their role as bacterial sensors and their genetic association with IBD, they likely contribute to dysregulated immune responses to the commensal microbiota. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the emerging functions of PRRs including their functional cross-talk, how they respond to mitochondrial damage, induce mitophagy or autophagy, and influence adaptive immune responses by interacting with the antigen presentation machinery. The review also summarizes some of the recent attempts to harness these pathways for therapeutic approaches in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Corridoni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Chapman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Ambrose
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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Targeting pattern-recognition receptors to discover new small molecule immune modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Wang S, Yang J, Li X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Si G, Tao Y, Zhao N, Hu X, Ma Y, Liu G. Discovery of 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (BZD) Derivatives as Dual Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1/2 (NOD1/NOD2) Antagonists Sensitizing Paclitaxel (PTX) To Suppress Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) Growth in Vivo. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5162-5192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jingshu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Youzhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guangxu Si
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ma
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Fan YH, Roy S, Mukhopadhyay R, Kapoor A, Duggal P, Wojcik GL, Pass RF, Arav-Boger R. Role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and its variants in human cytomegalovirus control in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7818-E7827. [PMID: 27856764 PMCID: PMC5137695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611711113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) and downstream receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is known to up-regulate antiviral responses and suppress virus replication. We investigated the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), which also signals through RIPK2, in HCMV control. NOD1 activation by Tri-DAP (NOD1 agonist) suppressed HCMV and induced IFN-β. Mouse CMV was also inhibited through NOD1 activation. NOD1 knockdown (KD) or inhibition of its activity with small molecule ML130 enhanced HCMV replication in vitro. NOD1 mutations displayed differential effects on HCMV replication and antiviral responses. In cells overexpressing the E56K mutation in the caspase activation and recruitment domain, virus replication was enhanced, but in cells overexpressing the E266K mutation in the nucleotide-binding domain or the wild-type NOD1, HCMV was inhibited, changes that correlated with IFN-β expression. The interaction of NOD1 and RIPK2 determined the outcome of virus replication, as evidenced by enhanced virus growth in NOD1 E56K mutant cells (which failed to interact with RIPK2). NOD1 activities were executed through IFN-β, given that IFN-β KD reduced the inhibitory effect of Tri-DAP on HCMV. Signaling through NOD1 resulting in HCMV suppression was IKKα-dependent and correlated with nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of IRF3. Finally, NOD1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of HCMV infection in women who were infected with HCMV during participation in a glycoprotein B vaccine trial. Collectively, our data indicate a role for NOD1 in HCMV control via RIPK2- IKKα-IRF3 and suggest that its polymorphisms predict the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Fan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Sujayita Roy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Arun Kapoor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Priya Duggal
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Genevieve L Wojcik
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Robert F Pass
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287;
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Keček Plešec K, Urbančič D, Gobec M, Pekošak A, Tomašič T, Anderluh M, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Jakopin Ž. Identification of indole scaffold-based dual inhibitors of NOD1 and NOD2. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5221-5234. [PMID: 27601373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 are important members of the pattern recognition receptor family and play a crucial role within the context of innate immunity. However, overactivation of NODs, especially of NOD1, has also been implicated in a number of diseases. Surprisingly, NOD1 remains a virtually unexploited target in this respect. To gain additional insight into the structure-activity relationships of NOD1 inhibitors, a series of novel analogs has been designed and synthesized and then screened for their NOD1-inhibitory activity. Selected compounds were also investigated for their NOD2-inhibitory activity. Two compounds 4 and 15, were identified as potent mixed inhibitors of NOD1 and NOD2, displaying a balanced inhibitory activity on both targets in the low micromolar range. The results obtained have enabled a deeper understanding of the structural requirements for NOD1 and NOD2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Keček Plešec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dunja Urbančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Pekošak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič-Raščan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Jo H, Choi M, Kumar AS, Jung Y, Kim S, Yun J, Kang JS, Kim Y, Han SB, Jung JK, Cho J, Lee K, Kwak JH, Lee H. Development of Novel 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline Scaffolds as Potent NF-κB Inhibitors and Cytotoxic Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:385-90. [PMID: 27096046 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines have been identified as the most potent inhibitors of LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity. To discover new molecules of this class with excellent activities, we designed and synthesized a series of novel derivatives of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines (4a-g, 5a-h, 6a-h, and 7a-h) and bioevaluated their in vitro activity against human cancer cell lines (NCI-H23, ACHN, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, NUGC-3, and HCT 15). Among all synthesized scaffolds, 6g exhibited the most potent inhibition (53 times that of a reference compound) of LPS-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and the most potent cytotoxicity against all evaluated human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeju Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Arepalli Sateesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongeun Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangeun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-bae Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College
of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 362-763, Republic of Korea
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Wei LJ, Tan X, Fan GJ, Jiang YN, Shah QA. Role of the NOD1/NF-κB pathway on bovine neutrophil responses to crude lipopolysaccharide. Vet J 2016; 214:24-31. [PMID: 27387722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic nucleotide oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptors play an important role in host defence against infection. Reduced NOD1 expression has been observed in dysfunctional neutrophils derived from periparturient cattle known to be most susceptible to coliform mastitis. However, whether impairment of NOD1 suppresses the immune responses of bovine neutrophils during bacterial infections remains unknown. Crude (phenol extracted) lipopolysaccharide (cLPS), which often contains other immunostimulatory molecules, including NOD1 agonist, is known to induce almost the whole bacterial response. This study was conducted to explore the role of NOD1/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in the cytokine and functional responses of bovine neutrophils challenged with Escherichia coli-derived cLPS. Freshly isolated blood neutrophils from healthy heifers were pre-incubated for 2 h with ML130, a selective inhibitor of NOD1/NF-κB pathway. Cells were then exposed to cLPS for additional 4 h. Inhibition of the NOD1/NF-κB pathway resulted in a decrease in cLPS-induced phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα) in neutrophils. Impairment of the NOD1/NF-κB pathway tended to down-regulate mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, chemokines IL-8 and C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2), and adhesion molecules CD11b and CD62L, in cLPS-challenged cells. Functional analyses showed that blocking the NOD1/NF-κB pathway inhibited neutrophil migration and phagocytic killing capacity, and promoted neutrophil death upon cLPS stimulation. The data presented here demonstrate that activation of NOD1/NF-κB pathway contributes to the functional responses of neutrophils to cLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Wei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Tan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Guo-Juan Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya-Nan Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qurban A Shah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
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24
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Tan X, Wei LJ, Fan GJ, Jiang YN, Yu XP. Effector responses of bovine blood neutrophils against Escherichia coli: Role of NOD1/NF-κB signalling pathway. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are a family of receptors that are used to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns, which initiate immune responses to resolve infections and repair damaged tissues. Abnormalities in PRR activation will unavoidably lead to excessive inflammation. RECENT ADVANCES Although multiple pathophysiological processes are involved in cardiovascular disease, recent studies have highlighted the importance of innate PRRs, in particular, Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, in mediating inflammatory responses and cardiovascular function. CRITICAL ISSUES The functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of PRRs in cardiovascular diseases are still largely unknown. In particular, controversies exist on the certainty of these detrimental or beneficial effects of some PRRs in different diseased states or different experimental animal models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Considering that the molecular mechanisms for individual PRR to regulate cellular function are complex and multiple PRRs are activated simultaneously or synergistically, a better understanding of the function of individual PRRs and the interplay of PRRs will provide unexpected opportunities to develop new therapies for cardiovascular disease by modulation of an innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan, China
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26
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Caruso R, Warner N, Inohara N, Núñez G. NOD1 and NOD2: signaling, host defense, and inflammatory disease. Immunity 2014; 41:898-908. [PMID: 25526305 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and NOD2, the founding members of the intracellular NOD-like receptor family, sense conserved motifs in bacterial peptidoglycan and induce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Here, we discuss recent developments about the mechanisms by which NOD1 and NOD2 are activated by bacterial ligands, the regulation of their signaling pathways, and their role in host defense and inflammatory disease. Several routes for the entry of peptidoglycan ligands to the host cytosol to trigger activation of NOD1 and NOD2 have been elucidated. Furthermore, genetic screens and biochemical analyses have revealed mechanisms that regulate NOD1 and NOD2 signaling. Finally, recent studies have suggested several mechanisms to account for the link between NOD2 variants and susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Further understanding of NOD1 and NOD2 should provide new insight into the pathogenesis of disease and the development of new strategies to treat inflammatory and infectious disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neil Warner
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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27
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Bravo Y, Teriete P, Dhanya RP, Dahl R, Lee PS, Kiffer-Moreira T, Ganji SR, Sergienko E, Smith LH, Farquharson C, Millán JL, Cosford NDP. Design, synthesis and evaluation of benzoisothiazolones as selective inhibitors of PHOSPHO1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4308-11. [PMID: 25124115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery and characterization of a series of benzoisothiazolone inhibitors of PHOSPHO1, a newly identified soluble phosphatase implicated in skeletal mineralization and soft tissue ossification abnormalities. High-throughput screening (HTS) of a small molecule library led to the identification of benzoisothiazolones as potent and selective inhibitors of PHOSPHO1. Critical structural requirements for activity were determined, and the compounds were subsequently derivatized and measured for in vitro activity and ADME parameters including metabolic stability and permeability. On the basis of its overall profile the benzoisothiazolone analogue 2q was selected as MLPCN probe ML086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Bravo
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter Teriete
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Raveendra-Panickar Dhanya
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Russell Dahl
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pooi San Lee
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tina Kiffer-Moreira
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Santhi Reddy Ganji
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Layton H Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Bacterial peptidoglycan stimulates adipocyte lipolysis via NOD1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97675. [PMID: 24828250 PMCID: PMC4020832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation that can drive metabolic defects such as hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Specific metabolites can contribute to inflammation, but nutrient intake and obesity are also associated with altered bacterial load in metabolic tissues (i.e. metabolic endotoxemia). These bacterial cues can contribute to obesity-induced inflammation. The specific bacterial components and host receptors that underpin altered metabolic responses are emerging. We previously showed that Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) activation with bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) caused insulin resistance in mice. We now show that PGN induces cell-autonomous lipolysis in adipocytes via NOD1. Specific bacterial PGN motifs stimulated lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) explants from WT, but not NOD1−/− mice. NOD1-activating PGN stimulated mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK),protein kinase A (PKA), and NF-κB in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The NOD1-mediated lipolysis response was partially reduced by inhibition of ERK1/2 or PKA alone, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). NOD1-stimulated lipolysis was partially dependent on NF-κB and was completely suppressed by inhibiting ERK1/2 and PKA simultaneously or hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). Our results demonstrate that bacterial PGN stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes by engaging a stress kinase, PKA, NF-κB-dependent lipolytic program. Bacterial NOD1 activation is positioned as a component of metabolic endotoxemia that can contribute to hyperlipidemia, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance by acting directly on adipocytes.
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Identification of selective small molecule inhibitors of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96737. [PMID: 24806487 PMCID: PMC4013053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD1 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that recognizes diaminopimelic acid (DAP), a peptidoglycan component in gram negative bacteria. Upon ligand binding, NOD1 assembles with receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-2 kinase and initiates a signaling cascade leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increased NOD1 signaling has been associated with a variety of inflammatory disorders suggesting that small-molecule inhibitors of this signaling complex may have therapeutic utility. We utilized a cell-based screening approach with extensive selectivity profiling to search for small molecule inhibitors of the NOD1 signaling pathway. Via this process we identified three distinct chemical series, xanthines (SB711), quinazolininones (GSK223) and aminobenzothiazoles (GSK966) that selectively inhibited iE-DAP-stimulated IL-8 release via the NOD1 signaling pathway. All three of the newly identified compound series failed to block IL-8 secretion in cells following stimulation with ligands for TNF receptor, TLR2 or NOD2 and, in addition, none of the compound series directly inhibited RIP2 kinase activity. Our initial exploration of the structure-activity relationship and physicochemical properties of the three series directed our focus to the quinazolininone biarylsulfonamides (GSK223). Further investigation allowed for the identification of significantly more potent analogs with the largest boost in activity achieved by fluoro to chloro replacement on the central aryl ring. These results indicate that the NOD1 signaling pathway, similarly to activation of NOD2, is amenable to modulation by small molecules that do not target RIP2 kinase. These compounds should prove useful tools to investigate the importance of NOD1 activation in various inflammatory processes and have potential clinical utility in diseases driven by hyperactive NOD1 signaling.
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Zhou YJ, Tang YS, Song YL, Li A, Zhou H, Li Y. Saturated fatty acid induces insulin resistance partially through nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 signaling pathway in adipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 28:211-7. [PMID: 24382222 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(14)60004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), a component of the innate immune system, in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. METHODS Adipocytes from Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency mice were used for stimulation experiments. The effect of oleate/palmitate mixture on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was analyzed by reporter plasmid assay. The release of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines production was determined by using real-time PCR. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose uptake assay. Chemokine/cytokine expression and glucose uptake in adipocytes transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NOD1 upon fatty acids treatment were analyzed. RESULTS Oleate/palmitate mixture activated the NF-κB pathway and induced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expressions in adipocytes from mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 4, and these effects were blocked by siRNA targeting NOD1. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids decreased the ability of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, siRNA targeting NOD1 partially reversed saturated fatty acid-induced suppression of insulin-induced glucose uptake. CONCLUSION NOD1 might play an important role in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which reduced NOD1 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin-si Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yu-ling Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Ai Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
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31
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Jakopin Ž. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) inhibitors: a rational approach toward inhibition of NOD signaling pathway. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6897-918. [PMID: 24707857 DOI: 10.1021/jm401841p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains 1 and 2 (NOD1 and NOD2) has been implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory disorders, rendering them and their downstream signaling proteins potential therapeutic targets. Selective inhibition of NOD1 and NOD2 signaling could be advantageous in treating many acute and chronic diseases; therefore, harnessing the full potential of NOD inhibitors is a key topic in medicinal chemistry. Although they are among the best studied NOD-like receptors (NLRs), the therapeutic potential of pharmacological modulation of NOD1 and NOD2 is largely unexplored. This review is focused on the scientific progress in the field of NOD inhibitors over the past decade, including the recently reported selective inhibitors of NOD1 and NOD2. In addition, the potential approaches to inhibition of NOD signaling as well as the advantages and disadvantages linked with inhibition of NOD signaling are discussed. Finally, the potential directions for drug discovery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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33
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Uruno Y, Tanaka A, Hashimoto K, Usui S, Inoue Y, Konishi Y, Suwa A, Takai K, Katoda W, Fujiwara N, Sumiyoshi T. Experimental and computational study of intermolecular migration of N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group from N(7) to N(1) on a 7-azaindoline derivative. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Moreno L, Gatheral T. Therapeutic targeting of NOD1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:475-85. [PMID: 23848281 PMCID: PMC3791987 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) protein is an intracellular receptor for breakdown products of peptidoglycan (PGN), an essential bacterial cell wall component. NOD1 responds to γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid, which is an epitope unique to PGN structures from all Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram-positive bacteria. Upon ligand recognition, NOD1 undergoes conformational changes and self-oligomerization mediated by the nucleotide-binding NACHT domains, followed by the recruitment and activation of the serine threonine kinase receptor-interacting protein 2 leading to the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways and induction of inflammatory genes. Much of our knowledge is derived from seminal studies using mice deficient in NOD1 and confirming an essential role for NOD1 in the host immune response against gastrointestinal and respiratory pathogens. In addition, recent studies have revealed a role for intracellular NOD1 receptors in the regulation of vascular inflammation and metabolism. This review will discuss our current understanding of intracellular NOD1 receptors in host immunity and chronic inflammatory disorders with a focus on cardiovascular diseases. Although therapeutic advances may have to wait until the complex interplay with pathogens, danger signals, other pattern recognition receptors and overlapping metabolic pathways is further unravelled, the steadily growing body of knowledge suggest that NOD1 antagonism might represent attractive candidate to reduce excessive inflammation associated to intestinal, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moreno
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Jakopin Ž, Gobec M, Kodela J, Hazdovac T, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Sollner Dolenc M. Synthesis of conformationally constrained γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid derivatives as ligands of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 1 (Nod1). Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:232-43. [PMID: 24044936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nod1, an important member of the pattern recognition receptor family, remains a virtually unexploited target. Harnessing its innate immune stimulatory properties still remains an unfulfilled goal of medicinal chemistry. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 1 (Nod1) agonists have been shown to boost the inflammatory responses against pathogenic microbes and could thus constitute a new class of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. To gain additional insight into the structure/activity relationships of Nod1 agonistic compounds, a series of novel, conformationally constrained γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) analogs have been designed and synthesized. Ramos-Blue cells expressing Nod1 were used to screen and validate our compounds for their Nod1-agonist activity. Their immunomodulatory properties were subsequently determined in vitro, by evaluating their capacity to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), by themselves and in synergy with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand. The synthesized iE-DAP analogs were shown to possess immuno-enhancing properties as a result of their potent and specific Nod1-agonistic effect. The activity of the compound exhibiting the greatest capacity to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine release from PBMC surpassed that of lauroyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (C12-iE-DAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Rickard DJ, Sehon CA, Kasparcova V, Kallal LA, Zeng X, Montoute MN, Chordia T, Poore DD, Li H, Wu Z, Eidam PM, Haile PA, Yu J, Emery JG, Marquis RW, Gough PJ, Bertin J. Identification of benzimidazole diamides as selective inhibitors of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69619. [PMID: 23936340 PMCID: PMC3731320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that assembles with receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-2 kinase in response to the presence of bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in the host cell cytoplasm, thereby inducing signals leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The dysregulation of NOD2 signaling has been associated with various inflammatory disorders suggesting that small-molecule inhibitors of this signaling complex may have therapeutic utility. To identify inhibitors of the NOD2 signaling pathway, we utilized a cell-based screening approach and identified a benzimidazole diamide compound designated GSK669 that selectively inhibited an MDP-stimulated, NOD2-mediated IL-8 response without directly inhibiting RIP2 kinase activity. Moreover, GSK669 failed to inhibit cytokine production in response to the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1 and closely related NOD1, all of which share common downstream components with the NOD2 signaling pathway. While the inhibitors blocked MDP-induced NOD2 responses, they failed to block signaling induced by NOD2 over-expression or single stranded RNA, suggesting specificity for the MDP-induced signaling complex and activator-dependent differences in NOD2 signaling. Investigation of structure-activity relationship allowed the identification of more potent analogs that maintained NOD2 selectivity. The largest boost in activity was achieved by N-methylation of the C2-ethyl amide group. These findings demonstrate that the NOD2 signaling pathway is amenable to modulation by small molecules that do not target RIP2 kinase activity. The compounds we identified should prove useful tools to investigate the importance of NOD2 in various inflammatory processes and may have potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Rickard
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.
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37
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Jun JC, Cominelli F, Abbott DW. RIP2 activity in inflammatory disease and implications for novel therapeutics. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:927-32. [PMID: 23794710 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0213109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of NOD2 and RIP2 in inflammatory disease has been paradoxical. Whereas loss-of-function NOD2 polymorphisms cause CD, a granulomatous disease of the gastrointestinal tract, gain-of-function mutations cause EOS-a granulomatous disease primarily affecting the skin, joints, and eyes. Thus, gain-of-function mutations and loss-of-function polymorphisms cause granulomatous inflammatory disease, only in different anatomic locations. The situation is complicated further by the fact that WT NOD2 and WT RIP2 activity has been implicated in diseases such as asthma, inflammatory arthritis and MS. This article reviews the role that the NOD2:RIP2 complex plays in inflammatory disease, with an emphasis on the inhibition of this signaling pathway as a novel pharmaceutical target in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice C Jun
- 1.Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Wolstein Research Bldg., 2103 Cornell Rd., Room 6532, Cleveland, OH 44122, USA.
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38
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Hershberger PM, Peddibhotla S, Sessions EH, Divlianska DB, Correa RG, Pinkerton AB, Reed JC, Roth GP. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of novel phenotypic probes targeting the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:900-7. [PMID: 23766805 PMCID: PMC3678512 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and related upstream signal transduction pathways have long been associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases and has recently been implicated in the onset of cancer. This report provides a synthetic and compound-based property summary of five pathway-related small-molecule chemical probes identified and optimized within the National Institutes of Health-Molecular Libraries Probe Center Network (NIH-MLPCN) initiative. The chemical probes discussed herein represent first-in-class, non-kinase-based modulators of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which were identified and optimized through either cellular phenotypic or specific protein-target-based screening strategies. Accordingly, the resulting new chemical probes may allow for better fundamental understanding of this highly complex biochemical signaling network and could advance future therapeutic translation toward the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Hershberger
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, 6400 Sanger Road Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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39
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Abstract
NOD1 {nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1; NLRC [NOD-LRR (leucine-rich repeat) family with CARD (caspase recruitment domain) 1]} and NOD2 (NLRC2) are among the most prominent members of the NLR (NOD-LRR) family –proteins that contain nucleotide-binding NACHT domains and receptor-like LRR domains. With over 20 members identified in humans, NLRs represent important components of the mammalian innate immune system, serving as intracellular receptors for pathogens and for endogenous molecules elaborated by tissue injury. NOD1 and NOD2 proteins operate as microbial sensors through the recognition of specific PG (peptidoglycan) constituents of bacteria. Upon activation, these NLR family members initiate signal transduction mechanisms that include stimulation of NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), stress kinases, IRFs (interferon regulatory factors) and autophagy. Hereditary polymorphisms in the genes encoding NOD1 and NOD2 have been associated with an increasing number of chronic inflammatory diseases. In fact, potential roles for NOD1 and NOD2 in inflammatory disorders have been revealed by investigations using a series of animal models. In the present review, we describe recent experimental findings associating NOD1 and NOD2 with various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, and we discuss prospects for development of novel therapeutics targeting these NLR family proteins.
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40
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Bao X, Liu D, Jin Y, Yang Y. A facile synthesis for novel loperamide analogs as potential μ opioid receptor agonists. Molecules 2012; 17:14288-97. [PMID: 23208464 PMCID: PMC6268526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile synthesis for novel loperamide analogs as potential μ opioid receptors is described. The synthetic procedure for compound 5, which contains two 4-phenyl piperidine scaffolds, was optimized, and this compound was synthesized in excellent yield. We also describe a mild and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of compounds 6 and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Bao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Nanjing University Science & Technology, Chemical Engineering Building B302, 200 Xiaolinwei, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Turnpenny BW, Hyman KL, Chemler SR. Chiral Indoline Synthesis Via Enantioselective Intramolecular Copper-Catalyzed Alkene Hydroamination. Organometallics 2012; 31:7819-7822. [PMID: 23243332 PMCID: PMC3519432 DOI: 10.1021/om300744m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective copper-catalyzed hydroamination / cyclization of N-sulfonyl-2-allylanilines for the synthesis of chiral 2-methylindolines is reported. Chiral 2-methylindolines are important subunits in drugs and bioactive compounds. This method provides chiral N-sulfonyl-2-methyl indolines in up to 90% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260
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Lautz K, Damm A, Menning M, Wenger J, Adam AC, Zigrino P, Kremmer E, Kufer TA. NLRP10 enhances Shigella-induced pro-inflammatory responses. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14:1568-83. [PMID: 22672233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the NLR family evolved as intracellular sensors for bacterial and viral infection. However, our knowledge on the implication of most of the human NLR proteins in innate immune responses still remains fragmentary. Here we characterized the role of human NLRP10 in bacterial infection. Our data revealed that NLRP10 is a cytoplasmic localized protein that positively contributes to innate immune responses induced by the invasive bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri. SiRNA-mediated knock-down studies showed that NLRP10 contributes to pro-inflammatory cytokine release triggered by Shigella in epithelial cells and primary dermal fibroblasts, by influencing p38 and NF-κB activation. This effect is dependent on the ATPase activity of NLRP10 and its PYD domain. Mechanistically, NLRP10 interacts with NOD1, a NLR that is pivotally involved in sensing of invasive microbes, and both proteins are recruited to the bacterial entry point at the plasma membrane. Moreover, NLRP10 physically interacts with downstream components of the NOD1 signalling pathway, such as RIP2, TAK1 and NEMO. Taken together, our data revealed a novel role of NLRP10 in innate immune responses towards bacterial infection and suggest that NLRP10 functions as a scaffold for the formation of the NOD1-Nodosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Lautz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Tigno-Aranjuez JT, Abbott DW. Ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the regulation of NOD2 signaling and NOD2-mediated disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:2022-8. [PMID: 22522061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is exquisitely balanced. It has the ability to effectively respond to and control infections while at the same time preventing inappropriate responses to self and environmental antigens. When this response goes awry, either through a failure to activate the immune response, or failure to terminate it, inflammatory pathology results. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation help ensure that the delicate balance underlying immune signal transduction is maintained. Ubiquitination and phosphorylation affect localization, activity, stability, and interactions of various components of the immune signal transduction machinery. Moreover, ubiquitination and phosphorylation are tightly linked, with one PTM affecting the other. Therefore, in order to find potential therapies for many immune-related pathologies, it is necessary to understand not only how the immune response is activated by ubiquitination and phosphorylation, but also how it is regulated by these PTMs at different stages of the response. An excellent system to study such activation and regulation is the NOD2 pathway. Dysregulation of NOD2 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory disorders including Crohn's disease, early onset sarcoidosis, and Blau syndrome. More recently NOD2 has been implicated in the development of autoimmune disease, allergy and asthma. This review will focus on what is currently known about how ubiquitination and phosphorylation regulate NOD2 signaling with particular emphasis on novel in vitro substrates which may serve as potential in vivo therapeutic targets for hyperactive NOD2 states. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin Drug Discovery and Diagnostics.
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Zheng W, Zheng X, Liu S, Ouyang H, Levitt RC, Candiotti KA, Hao S. TNFα and IL-1β are mediated by both TLR4 and Nod1 pathways in the cultured HAPI cells stimulated by LPS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:762-7. [PMID: 22450316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence recently suggests that glial cell activation plays an important role in several neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathic pain. Microglia in the central nervous system express toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) that is traditionally accepted as the primary receptor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS activates TLR4 signaling pathways to induce the production of proinflammatory molecules. In the present studies, we verified the LPS signaling pathways using cultured highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) microglial cells. We found that HAPI cells treated with LPS upregulated the expression of TLR4, phospho-JNK (pJNK) and phospho-NF-κB (pNF-κB), TNFα and IL-1β. Silencing TLR4 with siRNA reduced the expression of pJNK, TNFα and IL-1β, but not pNF-κB in the cells. Inhibition of JNK with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) decreased the expression of TNFα and IL-1β. Unexpectedly, we found that inhibition of Nod1 with ML130 significantly reduced the expression of pNF-κB. Inhibition of NF-κB also reduced the expression of TNFα and IL-1β. Nod1 ligand, DAP induced the upregulation of pNF-κB which was blocked by Nod1 inhibitor. These data indicate that LPS-induced pJNK is TLR4-dependent, and that pNF-κB is Nod1-dependent in HAPI cells treated with LPS. Either TLR4-JNK or Nod1-NF-κB pathways is involved in the expression of TNFα and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, PR China
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