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Ejskjær L, Holm R, Kuentz M, Box KJ, Griffin BT, O'Dwyer PJ. Predictions of biorelevant solubility change during dispersion and digestion of lipid-based formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 200:106833. [PMID: 38878908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Computational approaches are increasingly explored in development of drug products, including the development of lipid-based formulations (LBFs), to assess their feasibility for achieving adequate oral absorption at an early stage. This study investigated the use of computational pharmaceutics approaches to predict solubility changes of poorly soluble drugs during dispersion and digestion in biorelevant media. Concentrations of 30 poorly water-soluble drugs were determined pre- and post-digestion with in-line UV probes using the MicroDISS Profiler™. Generally, cationic drugs displayed higher drug concentrations post-digestion, whereas for non-ionized drugs there was no discernible trend between drug concentration in dispersed and digested phase. In the case of anionic drugs there tended to be a decrease or no change in the drug concentration post-digestion. Partial least squares modelling was used to identify the molecular descriptors and drug properties which predict changes in solubility ratio in long-chain LBF pre-digestion (R2 of calibration = 0.80, Q2 of validation = 0.64) and post-digestion (R2 of calibration = 0.76, Q2 of validation = 0.72). Furthermore, multiple linear regression equations were developed to facilitate prediction of the solubility ratio pre- and post-digestion. Applying three molecular descriptors (melting point, LogD, and number of aromatic rings) these equations showed good predictivity (pre-digestion R2 = 0.70, and post-digestion R2 = 0.68). The model developed will support a computationally guided LBF strategy for emerging poorly water-soluble drugs by predicting biorelevant solubility changes during dispersion and digestion. This facilitates a more data-informed developability decision making and subsequently facilitates a more efficient use of formulation screening resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Ejskjær
- University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - René Holm
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstr. 30, Muttenz, 4132, Switzerland
| | - Karl J Box
- Pion Inc (UK), Forest Row, East Sussex, UK
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2
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Alvebratt C, Karlén F, Åhlén M, Edueng K, Dubbelboer I, Bergström CAS. Benefits of combining supersaturating and solubilizing formulations - Is two better than one? Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124437. [PMID: 39002818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
A variety of enabling formulations has been developed to address poor oral drug absorption caused by insufficient dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract. As the in vivo performance of these formulations is a result of a complex interplay between dissolution, digestion and permeation, development of suitable in vitro assays that captures these phenomena are called for. The enabling-absorption (ENA) device, consisting of a donor and receiver chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane, has successfully been used to study the performance of lipid-based formulations. In this work, the ENA device was prepared with two different setups (a Caco-2 cell monolayer and an artificial lipid membrane) to study the performance of a lipid-based formulation (LBF), an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) and the potential benefit of combining the two formulation strategies. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats was performed to evaluate the in vitro-in vivo correlation. In the ENA, high drug concentrations in the donor chamber did not translate to a high mass transfer, which was particularly evident for the ASD as compared to the LBF. The solubility of the polymer used in the ASD was strongly affected by pH-shifts in vitro, and the ph_dependence resulted in poor in vivo performance of the formulation. The dissolution was however increased in vitro when the ASD was combined with a blank lipid-based formulation. This beneficial effect was also observed in vivo, where the drug exposure of the ASD increased significantly when the ASD was co-administered with the blank LBF. To conclude, the in vitro model managed to capture solubility limitations and strategies to overcome these for one of the formulations studied. The correlation between the in vivo exposure of the drug exposure and AUC in the ENA was good for the non pH-sensitive formulations. The deconvoluted pharmacokinetic data indicated that the receiver chamber was a better predictor for the in vivo performance of the drug, however both chambers provided valuable insights to the observed outcome in vivo. This shows that the advanced in vitro setting used herein successfully could explain absorption differences of highly complex formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Alvebratt
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden.
| | - Filip Karlén
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden.
| | - Michelle Åhlén
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden.
| | - Khadijah Edueng
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Ilse Dubbelboer
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 591, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden.
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden.
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3
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Goswami A, Ruhina Rahman SN, Ponneganti S, Gangipangi V, Vavialala H, Radhakrishnanand P, Selvaraju S, Mutheneni SR, Bharti S, Shunmugaperumal T. Intratympanic injections of emulsion-like dispersions to augment cinnarizine amount in a healthy rabbit inner ear model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39041668 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2373042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate eutectic liquid-based emulsion-like dispersions for intratympanic injections to augment cinnarizine permeability across round window membrane in a healthy rabbit inner ear model. Methods: Two-tier systematic optimization was used to get the injection formula. The drug concentrations in perilymph and plasma were analyzed via. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method after 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-min post intratympanic injection time points in rabbits. Results: A shear-thinning behavior, immediate drug release (∼98.80%, 10 min) and higher cell viability (>97.86%, 24 h) were observed in dispersions. The cinnarizine level of 8168.57 ± 1236.79 ng/ml was observed in perilymph at 30 min post intratympanic injection in rabbits. Conclusion: The emulsion-like dispersions can augment drug permeability through round window membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinab Goswami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research- Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Syed Nazrin Ruhina Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research- Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Srikanth Ponneganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research- Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Vijayakumar Gangipangi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research- Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Hariprasad Vavialala
- Bioinformatics Group, Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Pullapanthula Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research- Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Sudhagar Selvaraju
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research- Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni
- Bioinformatics Group, Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Shreekant Bharti
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Phulwarisarif, Patna, Bihar 801507, India
| | - Tamilvanan Shunmugaperumal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research- Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
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4
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Parrow A, Kabedev A, Larsson P, Johansson P, Abrahamsson B, Bergström CAS. Drug solubilization in dog intestinal fluids with and without administration of lipid-based formulations. J Control Release 2024; 371:555-569. [PMID: 38844179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The use of animal experiments can be minimized with computational models capable of reflecting the simulated environments. One such environment is intestinal fluid and the colloids formed in it. In this study we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate solubilization patterns for three model drugs (carvedilol, felodipine and probucol) in dog intestinal fluid, a lipid-based formulation, and a mixture of both. We observed morphological transformations that lipids undergo due to the digestion process in the intestinal environment. Further, we evaluated the effect of bile salt concentration and observed the importance of interindividual variability. We applied two methods of estimating solubility enhancement based on the simulated data, of which one was in good qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed solubility enhancement. In addition to the computational simulations, we also measured solubility in i) aspirated dog intestinal fluid samples and ii) simulated canine intestinal fluid in the fasted state, and found there was no statistical difference between the two. Hence, a simplified dissolution medium suitable for in vitro studies provided physiologically relevant data for the systems explored. The computational protocol used in this study, coupled with in vitro studies using simulated intestinal fluids, can serve as a useful prescreening tool in the process of drug delivery strategies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Parrow
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksei Kabedev
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Gao L, Li X, Yan X, Zhang X. Ethylenediamine Salt Enhances the Solubility and Dissolution of Flurbiprofen. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300262. [PMID: 38214691 PMCID: PMC11164022 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Drugs that are poorly soluble in water are difficult to absorb orally, resulting in low bioavailability. Flurbiprofen (FLU) is an arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug belonging to BCS class II, with low water solubility. In this study, a novel flurbiprofen-ethylenediamine salt (FLU-EDA) was successfully prepared via solvent crystallization. Its crystal structure was determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD). Further, the physicochemical properties of FLU-EDA salt were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of FLU-EDA salt in water were investigated. The results showed that compared with FLU, the solubility and IDR of FLU-EDA salt increased by 57-fold and 32-fold, respectively. This indicates that FLU-EDA salt can significantly enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of flurbiprofen in water. This study provides basic data and theory for the development of new formulations of flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuzhou University543000WuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuzhou University543000WuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuzhou University543000WuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xianrui Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuzhou University543000WuzhouP. R. China
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6
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Roy P, Chakraborty S, Pandey N, Kumari N, Chougule S, Chatterjee A, Chatterjee K, Mandal P, Gorain B, Dhotre AV, Bansal AK, Ghosh A. Study on Sulfamethoxazole-Piperazine Salt: A Mechanistic Insight into Simultaneous Improvement of Physicochemical Properties. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5226-5239. [PMID: 37677085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug salts represent more than one drug in a crystal lattice and thus could be used to deliver multiple drugs in a single dose. It showcases unique physicochemical properties in comparison to individual components, which could lead to improved efficacy and therapeutic synergism. This study presents the preparation and scale-up of sulfamethoxazole-piperazine salt, which has been thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermal and spectroscopic analyses. A detailed mechanistic study investigates the impact of piperazine on the microenvironmental pH of the salt and its effect on the speciation profile, solubility, dissolution, and diffusion profile. Also, the improvement in the physicochemical properties of sulfamethoxazole due to the formation of salt was explored with lattice energy contributions. A greater ionization of sulfamethoxazole (due to pH changes contributed by piperazine) and lesser lattice energy of sulfamethoxazole-piperazine contributed to improved solubility, dissolution, and permeability. Moreover, the prepared salt addresses the stability issues of piperazine and exhibits good stability behavior under accelerated stability conditions. Due to the improvement of physicochemical properties, the sulfamethoxazole-piperazine salt demonstrates better pharmacokinetic parameters in comparison to sulfamethoxazole and provides a strong suggestion for the reduction of dose. The following study suggests that multidrug salts can concurrently enhance the physicochemical properties of drugs and present themselves as improved fixed-dose combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Roy
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Soumalya Chakraborty
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Noopur Pandey
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nimmy Kumari
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourav Chougule
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kaberi Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pallab Mandal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ananta V Dhotre
- College of Dairy Technology, Warud, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Pusad, Nagpur 445204, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bansal
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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7
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Endres S, Ehrmanntraut S, Endres L, Can K, Kraft C, Rasmussen T, Luxenhofer R, Böttcher B, Engels B, Pöppler AC. Structural Investigation on How Guest Loading of Poly(2-oxazoline)-Based Micelles Affects the Interaction with Simulated Intestinal Fluids. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4821-4830. [PMID: 37441793 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug loading of polymer micelles can have a profound effect on their particle size and morphology as well as their physicochemical properties. In turn, this influences performance in biological environments. For oral delivery of drugs, the intestinal environment is key, and consequently, a thorough structural understanding of what happens at this material-biology interface is required to understand in vivo performance and tailor improved delivery vehicles. In this study, we address this interface in vitro through a detailed structural characterization of the colloidal assemblies of polymeric micelles based on poly(2-oxazolines) with three different guest loadings with the natural product curcumin (17-52 wt %) in fed-state simulated intestinal fluids (FeSSIF). For this, we employ NMR spectroscopy, in particular, 1H NMR, 1H-1H-NOESY, and 1H DOSY experiments complemented by quantum chemical calculations and cryo-TEM measurements. Through this mixture of methods, we identified curcumin-taurocholate interactions as central interaction patterns alongside interactions with the polymer and lipids. Furthermore, curcumin molecules can be exchanged between polymer micelles and bile colloids, an important prerequisite for their uptake. Finally, increased loading of the polymer micelles with curcumin resulted in a larger number of vesicles as taurocholate─through coordination with Cur─is less available to form nanoparticles with the lipids. The loading-dependent behavior found in this study deviates from previous work on a different drug substance highlighting the need for further studies including different drug molecules and polymer types to improve the understanding of events on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Endres
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Ehrmanntraut
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Endres
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Koray Can
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kraft
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rasmussen
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, PB55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Kesharwani SS, Ibrahim F. A Combined In-Vitro and GastroPlus® Modeling to Study the Effect of Intestinal Precipitation on Cinnarizine Plasma Profile in a Fasted State. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:121. [PMID: 37173520 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble weak base molecules such as cinnarizine often exhibit pH-dependent solubility within the gastrointestinal tract. This means that their solubility can be influenced by the pH of the surrounding environment, and this can affect their oral absorption. The differential pH solubility between the fasted-state stomach and intestine is an important consideration when studying the oral absorption of cinnarizine. Cinnarizine has moderate permeability and is known to exhibit supersaturation and precipitation in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), which can significantly impact its oral absorption. The present work is aimed at studying the precipitation behavior of cinnarizine in FaSSIF using biorelevant in vitro tools and GastroPlus® modeling, to identify the factors contributing to the observed variability in clinical plasma profiles. The study found that cinnarizine demonstrated variable precipitation rates under different bile salt concentrations, which could impact the concentration of the drug available for absorption. The results also showed that a precipitation-integrated modeling approach accurately predicted the mean plasma profiles from the clinical studies. The study concluded that intestinal precipitation may be one of the factors contributing to the observed variability in Cmax but not the AUC of cinnarizine. The study further suggests that the integration of experimental precipitation results representing a wider range of FaSSIF conditions would increase the probability of predicting some of the observed variability in clinical results. This is important for biopharmaceutics scientists, as it can help them evaluate the risk of in vivo precipitation impacting drug and/or drug product performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S Kesharwani
- US Early Development Biopharmacy, Synthetics Platform, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, MA, 02141, Cambridge, USA
| | - Fady Ibrahim
- US Early Development Biopharmacy, Synthetics Platform, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, MA, 02141, Cambridge, USA.
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9
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Hartz RA, Ahuja VT, Sivaprakasam P, Xiao H, Krause CM, Clarke WJ, Kish K, Lewis H, Szapiel N, Ravirala R, Mutalik S, Nakmode D, Shah D, Burton CR, Macor JE, Dubowchik GM. Design, Structure-Activity Relationships, and In Vivo Evaluation of Potent and Brain-Penetrant Imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazines as Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4231-4252. [PMID: 36950863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates numerous cellular processes, including metabolism, proliferation, and cell survival. Due to its multifaceted role, GSK-3 has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and mood disorders. GSK-3β has been linked to the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles associated with Alzheimer's disease that arise from the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. The design and synthesis of a series of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives that were evaluated as GSK-3β inhibitors are described herein. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of potent GSK-3β inhibitors. In vivo studies with 47 in a triple-transgenic mouse Alzheimer's disease model showed that this compound is a brain-penetrant, orally bioavailable GSK-3β inhibitor that significantly lowered levels of phosphorylated tau.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramu Ravirala
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Sayali Mutalik
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Deepa Nakmode
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Devang Shah
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra Phase IV, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560099, India
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10
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Csicsák D, Szolláth R, Kádár S, Ambrus R, Bartos C, Balogh E, Antal I, Köteles I, Tőzsér P, Bárdos V, Horváth P, Borbás E, Takács-Novák K, Sinkó B, Völgyi G. The Effect of the Particle Size Reduction on the Biorelevant Solubility and Dissolution of Poorly Soluble Drugs with Different Acid-Base Character. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010278. [PMID: 36678907 PMCID: PMC9865396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle size reduction is a commonly used process to improve the solubility and the dissolution of drug formulations. The solubility of a drug in the gastrointestinal tract is a crucial parameter, because it can greatly influence the bioavailability. This work provides a comprehensive investigation of the effect of the particle size, pH, biorelevant media and polymers (PVA and PVPK-25) on the solubility and dissolution of drug formulations using three model compounds with different acid-base characteristics (papaverine hydrochloride, furosemide and niflumic acid). It was demonstrated that micronization does not change the equilibrium solubility of a drug, but it results in a faster dissolution. In contrast, nanonization can improve the equilibrium solubility of a drug, but the selection of the appropriate excipient used for nanonization is essential, because out of the two used polymers, only the PVPK-25 had an increasing effect on the solubility. This phenomenon can be explained by the molecular structure of the excipients. Based on laser diffraction measurements, PVPK-25 could also inhibit the aggregation of the particles more effectively than PVA, but none of the polymers could hold the nanonized samples in the submicron range until the end of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Csicsák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Szolláth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabina Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös Street, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Bartos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös Street, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Balogh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Köteles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Tőzsér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Bárdos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Novák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Sinkó
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook Street, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Gergely Völgyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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11
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Karakucuk A, Canpinar H, Celebi N. Ritonavir nanosuspensions prepared by microfluidization with enhanced solubility and desirable immunological properties. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:1027-1037. [PMID: 36343117 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2145309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop ritonavir (RTV) nanosuspensions (NSs) by microfluidization method. Particle size (PS) measurements were performed by photon correlation spectroscopy. Amorphous properties of the particles were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dissolution studies were conducted in fed state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF) medium. The flow cytometry was utilized to determine the lymphocyte sub-groups and immune response of NSs. RTV NSs were obtained with 400-500 nm PS. The crystal properties of RTV remain unchanged. The solubility of NS was enhanced five times. 57% and 18% of RTV were dissolved in FeSSIF medium for NSs and coarse powder. According to immunological studies, the prepared NSs did not significantly alter the ratio of CD4+/CD8+. Therefore, NSs may be a beneficial approach for the oral administration of RTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alptug Karakucuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara Medipol University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Canpinar
- Department of Basic Oncology, School of Medicine, Institute of Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Celebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Baskent University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Polli JE. A Simple One-Parameter Percent Dissolved Versus Time Dissolution Equation that Accommodates Sink and Non-sink Conditions via Drug Solubility and Dissolution Volume. AAPS J 2022; 25:1. [PMID: 36396889 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro dissolution generally involves sink conditions, so dissolution equations generally do not need to accommodate non-sink conditions. Greater use of biorelevant media, which are typically less able to provide sink conditions than pharmaceutical surfactants, necessitates equations that accommodate non-sink conditions. One objective was to derive an integrated, one-parameter dissolution equation for percent dissolved versus time that accommodates non-sink effects via drug solubility and dissolution volume parameters, including incomplete solubility. A second objective was to characterize the novel equation by fitting it to biorelevant dissolution profiles of tablets of two poorly water-soluble drugs, as well as by conducting simulations of the effect of dose on dissolution profile. The Polli dissolution equation was derived, [Formula: see text], where M0 is the drug dose (mg), cs is drug solubility (mg/ml), V is dissolution volume (ml), and kd is dissolution rate coefficient (ml/mg per min). Maximum allowable percent dissolved was determined by drug solubility and not a fitted extent of dissolution parameter. The equation fit tablet profiles in the presence and absence of sink conditions, using a single fitted parameter, kd, and where solubility ranged over a 1000-fold range. kd was generally smaller when cs was larger. FeSSGF provided relatively small kd values, reflecting FeSSGF colloids are large and slowly diffusing. Simulations showed impact of non-sink conditions, as well as plausible kd values for various cs scenarios, in agreement with observed kd values. The equation has advantages over first-order and z-factor dissolution rate equations. An Excel file for regression is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Polli
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, N623, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.
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13
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Statelova M, Vertzoni M, Kourentas A. Simulation of Intraluminal Performance of Lipophilic Weak Bases in Fasted Healthy Adults Using DDDPlusTM. AAPS J 2022; 24:89. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Delyagina ES, Agafonov MA, Garibyan AA, Terekhova IV. γ-Cyclodextrin Based Metal–Organic Framework As a Niflumic Acid Delivery System. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422080088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Bassand C, Villois A, Gianola L, Laue G, Ramazani F, Riebesehl B, Sanchez-Felix M, Sedo K, Ullrich T, Duvnjak Romic M. Smart design of patient centric long-acting products: from preclinical to marketed pipeline trends and opportunities. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1265-1283. [PMID: 35877189 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We see a development in the field of long-acting products to serve patients with chronic diseases by providing benefits in adherence, efficacy and safety of the treatment. This review investigates features of long-acting products on the market/pipeline to understand which drug substance (DS) and drug product (DP) characteristics likely enable a successful patient-centric, low-dosing frequency product. AREAS COVERED This review evaluates marketed/pipeline long-acting products with greater than one week release of small molecules and peptides by oral and injectable route of administration (RoA), with particular focus on patient centricity, adherence impact, health outcomes, market trends, and the match of DS/DP technologies which lead to market success. EXPERT OPINION Emerging trends are expected to change the field of long-acting products in the upcoming years by increasing capability in engineered molecules (low solubility, long half-life, high potency, etc.), directly developing DP as long-acting oral/injectable, increasing the proportion of products for local drug delivery, and a direction towards more subcutaneous, self-administered products. Among long-acting injectable products, nanosuspensions show a superiority in dose per administration and dosing interval, overwhelming the field of infectious diseases with the recently marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bassand
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Villois
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Gianola
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Grit Laue
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Riebesehl
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Felix
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 700 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kurt Sedo
- PharmaCircle LLC, Sunny Isles Beach, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ullrich
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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16
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Barbre Pedersen P, Berthelsen R, Rades T, Astrup Jørgensen S, Vilmann P, Bar-Shalom D, Baldursdottir S, Müllertz A. Physico-chemical characterization of aspirated human and simulated human gastric fluids to study their influence on the intrinsic dissolution rate of cinnarizine. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121856. [PMID: 35618175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the critical parameters affecting drug dissolution in the human stomach, the intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of cinnarizine was determined in aspirated and simulated human gastric fluids (HGF). Fasted aspirated HGF (aspHGF) was collected from 23 healthy volunteers during a gastroscopic examination. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) pH 1.2, fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF), and simulated human gastric fluid (simHGF) developed to have rheological, and physico-chemical properties similar to aspHGF, were used as simulated HGFs. The IDR of cinnarizine was significantly higher in HCl pH 1.2 (952±27 µg/(cm2∙min)) than in FaSSGF pH 1.6 (444±7 µg/(cm2∙min)), and simHGF pH 2.5 (49±5 µg/(cm2∙min)) due to the pH dependent drug solubility and viscosity differences of the three simulated HGFs. The shear thinning behavior of aspHGF had a significant impact on the IDR of cinnarizine, indicating that the use of FaSSGF, with viscosity similar to water, to evaluate gastric drug dissolution, might overestimate the IDR by a factor of 100-10.000, compared to the non-Newtonian, more viscous, fluids in the human stomach. The developed simHGF simulated the viscosity of the gastric fluids, as well as the IDR of the model drug, making it very promising medium to study gastric drug dissolution in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ragna Berthelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Vilmann
- GastroUnit, Copenhagen University hospital Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Daniel Bar-Shalom
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Huang Z, Staufenbiel S, Bodmeier R. Combination of co-crystal and nanocrystal techniques to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Pharm Res 2022; 39:949-961. [PMID: 35552985 PMCID: PMC9160134 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Solubility and dissolution rate are essential for the oral absorption and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The aim of this study was to prepare nano-co-crystals by combination of nanocrystal and co-crystal technologies, and investigate its effect, in situ, on increased kinetic solubility and dissolution rate. Methods Co-crystals of itraconazole-fumaric acid, itraconazole-succinic acid, indomethacin-saccharin and indomethacin-nicotinamide were prepared and nano-sized by wet milling. The particle size and solid state of the co-crystals were characterized by optical microscope, LD, PCS, DSC and XRPD before and after milling. Results 300-450 nm sized nano-co-crystals with a stable physical solid state were successfully prepared. Nano-co-crystals exhibited a lower crystallinity reduction than nanocrystals after wet milling. The particle size effect on the kinetic solubility of co-crystals was analysed for macro-, micro- and nano-co-crystals with in situ kinetic solubility studies. The maximum kinetic solubility of nano-co-crystals increased with excess conditions until a plateau. The highest increase was obtained with itraconazole-succinic acid nano-co-crystals with a kinetic solubility of 263.5 ± 3.9 μg/mL which was 51.5 and 6.6 times higher than the solubility of raw itraconazole and itraconazole-succinic acid co-crystal. Conclusions The synergistic effect of nanocrystals and co-crystals with regard to increased kinetic solubility and dissolution rate was proven. The combination of the advantages of nanocrystals and co-crystals is a promising formulation strategy to increase both the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11095-022-03243-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Staufenbiel
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bodmeier
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Christfort JF, Polhaus CJM, Bondegaard PW, Chang TJ, Hwu ET, Hagner Nielsen L, Zór K, Boisen A. Open source anaerobic and temperature-controlled in vitro model enabling real-time release studies with live bacteria. HARDWAREX 2022; 11:e00275. [PMID: 35509897 PMCID: PMC9058704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro release and dissolution models are widely used in the development phases of oral drug delivery systems to measure how an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is released from a dosage form. However, additional requirements for these models arise when evaluating probiotic dosage forms since they are often sensitive to temperature and oxygen levels. As a solution to this, we propose a custom-designed anaerobic in vitro release setup, made mainly by 3D printing and laser cutting, to function together with state-of-the-art pharmaceutical dissolution equipment - in this case, a microDISS Profiler™. The in vitro release model makes it possible to study the release rate of oxygen-sensitive probiotics in simulated intestinal conditions, while ensuring their survival due to the anaerobic conditions. This has not been possible so far since the available in vitro dissolution models have not been compatible with anaerobic conditions. With two different case studies, the developed model combined with a microDISS Profiler™ has proven capable of measuring the release of a probiotic and a small-molecule API from microdevices for oral drug delivery. Further, the model facilitated the survival of anaerobic bacteria present in the release medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Fjelrad Christfort
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chrysillis Judy Magaard Polhaus
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pi Westi Bondegaard
- The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tien-Jen Chang
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - En Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Guimarães M, Maharaj A, Edginton A, Vertzoni M, Fotaki N. Understanding the Impact of Age-Related Changes in Pediatric GI Solubility by Multivariate Data Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020356. [PMID: 35214088 PMCID: PMC8880315 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand drug solubilization as a function of age and identify drugs at risk of altered drug solubility in newborns and young infants in comparison to adults. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to understand drug solubilization as a function of drug’s physicochemical properties and the composition of gastrointestinal fluids. The solubility of seven poorly soluble compounds was assessed in adult and age-specific fasted and fed state biorelevant media. Partial least squares regression (PLS-R) was used to assess the influence of (i) drug physicochemical properties and (ii) age-related changes in simulated GI fluids, as well as (iii) their interactions, on the pediatrics-to-adult solubility ratio (Sp/Sa (%)). For five out of seven of the compounds investigated, Sp/Sa (%) values fell outside of the 80–125% limits in at least one of the pediatric media. Lipophilicity was responsible for driving drug solubility differences between adults and children in all the biorelevant media investigated, while drug ionization was most relevant in the fed gastric media, and the fasted/fed intestinal media. The concentration of bile salts and lecithin in the fasted and fed intestinal media was critical in influencing drug solubility, while food composition (i.e., cow’s milk formula vs. soy formula) was a critical parameter in the fed gastric state. Changes in GI fluid composition between younger pediatric patients and adults can significantly alter drug luminal solubility. The use of pediatric biorelevant media can be helpful to identify the risk of altered drug solubilization in younger patients during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Anil Maharaj
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Andrea Edginton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2G 1C5, Canada;
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1225-386728; Fax: +44-1225-386114
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20
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Endres S, Karaev E, Hanio S, Schlauersbach J, Kraft C, Rasmussen T, Luxenhofer R, Böttcher B, Meinel L, Pöppler AC. Concentration and composition dependent aggregation of Pluronic- and Poly-(2-oxazolin)-Efavirenz formulations in biorelevant media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:1179-1192. [PMID: 34487937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs and drug candidates are poorly water-soluble. Intestinal fluids play an important role in their solubilization. However, the interactions of intestinal fluids with polymer excipients, drugs and their formulations are not fully understood. Here, diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), complemented by cryo-TEM were employed to address this. Efavirenz (EFV) as model drug, the triblock copolymers Pluronic® F-127 (PF127) and poly(2-oxazoline) based pMeOx-b-pPrOzi-b-pMeOx (pOx/pOzi) and their respective formulations were studied in simulated fed-state intestinal fluid (FeSSIF). For the individual polymers, the bile interfering nature of PF127 was confirmed and pure pOx/pOzi was newly classified as non-interfering. A different and more complex behaviour was however observed if EFV was involved. PF127/EFV formulations in FeSSIF showed concentration dependent aggregation with separate colloids at low formulation concentrations, a merging of individual particles at the solubility limit of EFV in FeSSIF and joint aggregates above this concentration. In the case of pOx/pOzi/EFV formulations, coincident diffusion coefficients for pOx/pOzi, lipids and EFV indicate joint aggregates across the studied concentration range. This demonstrates that separate evaluation of polymers and drugs in biorelevant media is not sufficient and their mixtures need to be studied to learn about concentration and composition dependent behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Endres
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Emil Karaev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Simon Hanio
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jonas Schlauersbach
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Christian Kraft
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Tim Rasmussen
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Helsinki University, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Biology (HIRI), Wuerzburg DE-97070, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Pöppler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
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21
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Pınar SG, Canpınar H, Tan Ç, Çelebi N. A new nanosuspension prepared with wet milling method for oral delivery of highly variable drug Cyclosporine A: Development, optimization and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 171:106123. [PMID: 35017012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a cyclic polypeptide, that has been widely used for immunosuppression. This study aims to develop nanosuspension for oral administration of CsA using the wet milling (WM) method one of the top-down technologies. The WM method was optimized by studying the effects of critical process parameters for WM on the particle size (PS), particle size distribution (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) of nanosuspensions using the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. Nanosuspension was developed using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and in vitro characterization studies were performed. In vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with biorelevant media (fasted and fed state simulated fluids) and fasted and fed states in rats, respectively. In vivo immunological studies were also performed. PS, PDI, and ZP values for nanosuspension were approximately 600 nm, 0.4, -25 mV, respectively. The solubility of CsA was increased by 4.5-folds by nanosuspensions. Dissolution studies showed that nanosuspension had higher dissolution than the commercial product in the FeSSIF medium. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that AUC0-24 values of CsA nanosuspension were to be 2.09 and 5.51-fold higher than coarse powder in fasted and fed conditions, respectively. Immunological studies were carried out after oral administration of nanosuspension for 21 days, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was found to be more acceptable than the commercial product. These results demonstrated that nanosuspension is a promising approach for increasing the bioavailability and avoiding the food effect on absorption of CsA which one of the highly variable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Gülbağ Pınar
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Etiler, 06330, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey; Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 32260, Çünür, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hande Canpınar
- Hacettepe University, Cancer Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağman Tan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Child Health, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Çelebi
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Etiler, 06330, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey; Başkent University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06790, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey.
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22
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Thermodynamic insight in dissolution, distribution and permeation processes for some benzimidazoles in biologically relevant solvents. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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El Sayed M, Alhalaweh A, Bergström CAS. Impact of Simulated Intestinal Fluids on Dissolution, Solution Chemistry, and Membrane Transport of Amorphous Multidrug Formulations. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4079-4089. [PMID: 34613730 PMCID: PMC8564758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The solution behavior
and membrane transport of multidrug formulations
were herein investigated in a biorelevant medium simulating fasted
conditions. Amorphous multidrug formulations were prepared by the
solvent evaporation method. Combinations of atazanavir (ATV) and ritonavir
(RTV) and felodipine (FDN) and indapamide (IPM) were prepared and
stabilized by a polymer for studying their dissolution (under non-sink
conditions) and membrane transport in fasted state simulated intestinal
fluid (FaSSIF). The micellar solubilization by FaSSIF enhanced the
amorphous solubility of the drugs to different extents. Similar to
buffer, the maximum achievable concentration of drugs in combination
was reduced in FaSSIF, but the extent of reduction was affected by
the degree of FaSSIF solubilization. Dissolution studies of ATV and
IPM revealed that the amorphous solubility of these two drugs was
not affected by FaSSIF solubilization. In contrast, RTV was significantly
affected by FaSSIF solubilization with a 30% reduction in the maximum
achievable concentration upon combination to ATV, compared to 50%
reduction in buffer. This positive deviation by FaSSIF solubilization
was not reflected in the mass transport–time profiles. Interestingly,
FDN concentrations remain constant until the amount of IPM added was
over 1000 μg/mL. No decrease in the membrane transport of FDN
was observed for a 1:1 M ratio of FDN-IPM combination. This study
demonstrates the importance of studying amorphous multidrug formulations
under physiologically relevant conditions to obtain insights into
the performance of these formulations after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden.,Recipharm OT Chemistry AB, Uppsala SE-754 50, Sweden
| | | | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
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24
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Exploring Taxifolin Polymorphs: Insights on Hydrate and Anhydrous Forms. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091328. [PMID: 34575404 PMCID: PMC8469002 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin, also known as dihydroquercetin, possesses several interesting biological properties. The purpose of the study was to identify polymorphs of taxifolin prepared using crystallization in different solvents. Data from X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry enabled us to detect six different crystalline phases for taxifolin. Besides the already known fully hydrated phase, one partially hydrated phase, one monohydrated phase, two anhydrous polymorphs, and one probably solvated phase were obtained. The unit cell parameters were defined for three of them, while one anhydrous polymorph was fully structurally characterized by X-ray powder diffraction data. Scanning electron microscopy and hot stage microscopy were also employed to characterize the crystallized taxifolin powders. The hydrate and anhydrous forms showed remarkable stability in drastic storage conditions, and their solubility was deeply evaluated. The anhydrous form converted into the hydrate form during the equilibrium solubility study and taxifolin equilibrium solubility was about 1.2 mg/mL. The hydrate taxifolin intrinsic dissolution rate was 56.4 μg cm-2 min-1. Using Wood's apparatus, it was not possible to determine the intrinsic dissolution rate of anhydrous taxifolin that is expected to solubilize more rapidly than the hydrate form. In view of its high stability, its use can be hypothesized.
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25
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Determination of Intrinsic Drug Dissolution and Solute Effective Transport Rate during Laminar Fluid Flow at Different Velocities. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060835. [PMID: 34199985 PMCID: PMC8227266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the intrinsic drug dissolution rate (IDR) and the solute effective transport rate of some drugs, using a single particle dissolution technique, satisfying qualified dissolution conditions. The IDR of three poorly water-soluble compounds was measured in milli-Q water using four different fluid velocities. The enveloped surface area of the particles was calculated from the projected area and the perimeter of the particle observed in the microscope. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to theoretically investigate the flow conditions and dissolution rate, comparing box shaped particles and spherical particles with similar dimensions and surface area as the particles used the experiments. In this study, the IDR measurement of the single particles was determined within 5–60 min using particles with an initial projected area diameter (Dp) between 37.5–104.6 µm. The micropipette-assisted microscopy technique showed a good reproducibility between individual measurements, and the CFD simulations indicated a laminar flow around the particles at all flow velocities, even though there were evident differences in local particle dissolution rates. In conclusion, the IDR and solute effective transport rate were determined under well-defined fluid flow conditions. This type of approach can be used as a complementary approach to traditional dissolution studies to gain in-depth insights into the dissolution process of drug particles.
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26
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Bennett-Lenane H, Jørgensen JR, Koehl NJ, Henze LJ, O'Shea JP, Müllertz A, Griffin BT. Exploring porcine gastric and intestinal fluids using microscopic and solubility estimates: Impact of placebo self-emulsifying drug delivery system administration to inform bio-predictive in vitro tools. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 161:105778. [PMID: 33647402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Validation and characterisation of in vitro and pre-clinical animal models to support bio-enabling formulation development is of paramount importance. In this work, post-mortem gastric and small intestinal fluids were collected in the fasted, fed state and at five sample-points post administration of a placebo Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) in the fasted state to pigs. Cryo-TEM and Negative Stain-TEM were used for ultrastructure characterisation. Ex vivo solubility of fenofibrate was determined in the fasted-state, fed-state and post-SEDDS administration. Highest observed ex vivo drug solubility in intestinal fluids after SEDDS administration was used for optimising the biorelevant in vitro conditions to determine maximum solubility. Under microscopic evaluation, fasted, fed and SEDDS fluids resulted in different colloidal structures. Drug solubility appeared highest 1 hour post SEDDS administration, corresponding with presence of SEDDS lipid droplets. A 1:200 dispersion of SEDDS in biorelevant media matched the highest observed ex vivo solubility upon SEDDS administration. Overall, impacts of this study include increasing evidence for the pig preclinical model to mimic drug solubility in humans, observations that SEDDS administration may poorly mimic colloidal structures observed under fed state, while microscopic and solubility porcine assessments provided a framework for increasingly bio-predictive in vitro tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob R Jørgensen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Niklas J Koehl
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura J Henze
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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27
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Abu Abed OS, Mulkala S, Sharif I, Abdin AM, Elkordy AA. Lyophilization-free proliposomes for sustained release oral delivery of hydrophobic drug (cinnarazine): a comparative study. PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY IN HOSPITAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pthp-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Cinnarizine is used for the treatment of vestibular disorders. However, its poor solubility limits its clinical uses due to many challenges. Liposomes were utilised to improve the release profile of many poorly soluble drugs. However, liposomes face many stability challenges during the storage period. This study aims to develop proliposomes designed for the oral delivery of cinnarizine with enhanced stability characteristics.
Methods
Three cinnarizine entrapping Proliposomal formulations were prepared with different ingredients and compared with their liposomal counterparts. Both vesicular approaches were characterised for their particle size, encapsulation efficiency, drug release and stability.
Results
The proliposomes were superior to liposomes in their stability and release profiles. Although no significant changes were noticed between the encapsulation efficiency percentage of the liposomal and proliposomal formulations on the day of preparation, storing the formulations for two weeks ended up with significant leakage of the drug from liposomes (p < 0.05) due to stability issues, but not in proliposomes. Moreover, the proliposomes released 100% of cinnarizine throughout the dissolution experiment in gastric fluid in comparison with the total released drug of 70% from the liposomes.
Conclusions
Proliposomes provided a successful approach to deliver lipophilic drugs orally to improve their pharmacokinetic properties by converting their crystalline nature into more amorphous agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Abu Abed
- Department of Health Sciences , Arab American University , Al-Reehan , Ramallah 91000 , Palestine
- Department of Pharmacy and Wellbeing , University of Sunderland , Sunderland , UK
| | - Srilikha Mulkala
- Department of Pharmacy and Wellbeing , University of Sunderland , Sunderland , UK
| | - Israa Sharif
- Department of Health and Nutrition , Palestine Polytechnic University , Hebron , Palestine
| | - Asma M. Abdin
- Department of Pharmacy and Wellbeing , University of Sunderland , Sunderland , UK
| | - Amal A. Elkordy
- Department of Pharmacy and Wellbeing , University of Sunderland , Sunderland , UK
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28
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Dahlgren D, Venczel M, Ridoux JP, Skjöld C, Müllertz A, Holm R, Augustijns P, Hellström PM, Lennernäs H. Fasted and fed state human duodenal fluids: Characterization, drug solubility, and comparison to simulated fluids and with human bioavailability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:240-251. [PMID: 33872761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate in vivo predictions of intestinal absorption of low solubility drugs require knowing their solubility in physiologically relevant dissolution media. Aspirated human intestinal fluids (HIF) are the gold standard, followed by simulated intestinal HIF in the fasted and fed state (FaSSIF/FeSSIF). However, current HIF characterization data vary, and there is also some controversy regarding the accuracy of FaSSIF and FeSSIF for predicting drug solubility in HIF. This study aimed at characterizing fasted and fed state duodenal HIF from 16 human volunteers with respect to pH, buffer capacity, osmolarity, surface tension, as well as protein, phospholipid, and bile salt content. The fasted and fed state HIF samples were further used to investigate the equilibrium solubility of 17 representative low-solubility small-molecule drugs, six of which were confidential industry compounds and 11 were known and characterized regarding chemical diversity. These solubility values were then compared to reported solubility values in fasted and fed state HIF, FaSSIF and FeSSIF, as well as with their human bioavailability for both states. The HIF compositions corresponded well to previously reported values and current FaSSIF and FeSSIF compositions. The drug solubility values in HIF (both fasted and fed states) were also well in line with reported solubility data for HIF, as well as simulated FaSSIF and FeSSIF. This indicates that the in vivo conditions in the proximal small intestine are well represented by simulated intestinal fluids in both composition and drug equilibrium solubility. However, increased drug solubility in the fed vs. fasted states in HIF did not correlate with the human bioavailability changes of the same drugs following oral administration in either state.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biopharmaceutics, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - M Venczel
- Global CMC Development Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany; Global CMC Development Sanofi, Vitry, France
| | - J-P Ridoux
- Global CMC Development Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany; Global CMC Development Sanofi, Vitry, France
| | - C Skjöld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biopharmaceutics, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - A Müllertz
- Physiological Pharmaceutics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen R&D, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - P Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - H Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biopharmaceutics, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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29
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Suzuki K, Kawakami K, Fukiage M, Oikawa M, Nishida Y, Matsuda M, Fujita T. Relevance of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Supersaturated Solution in Oral Absorption of Albendazole from Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020220. [PMID: 33562770 PMCID: PMC7914868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most promising formulation technologies for improving the oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs, where the maintenance of supersaturation plays a key role in enhancing the absorption process. However, quantitative prediction of oral absorption from ASDs is still difficult. Supersaturated solutions can cause liquid-liquid phase separation through the spinodal decomposition mechanism, which must be adequately comprehended to understand the oral absorption of drugs quantitatively. In this study, albendazole (ALZ) was formulated into ASDs using three types of polymers, poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (Eudragit) L100, Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). The oral absorption of ALZ in rats administered as ASD suspensions was not explained by dissolution study but was predicted using liquid-liquid phase separation concentration, which suggested that the absorption of ALZ was solubility-limited. The oral administration study in dogs performed using solid capsules demonstrated the low efficacy of ASDs because the absorption was likely to be limited by dissolution rate, which indicated the importance of designing the final dosage form of the ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical and ADMET Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.K.); Tel.: +81-80-4383-5853 (K.S.); +81-29-860-4424 (K.K.)
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functionals Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (K.K.); Tel.: +81-80-4383-5853 (K.S.); +81-29-860-4424 (K.K.)
| | - Masafumi Fukiage
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-3-1, Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan;
| | - Michinori Oikawa
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-2-30, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan;
| | - Yohei Nishida
- Technology Research & Development, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94, Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan;
| | - Maki Matsuda
- Research & Development Division, Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 134, Chudoji Minami-machi, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan;
| | - Takuya Fujita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
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30
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Nguyen V, Bevernage J, Darville N, Tistaert C, Van Bocxlaer J, Rossenu S, Vermeulen A. Linking In Vitro Intrinsic Dissolution Rate and Thermodynamic Solubility with Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Bedaquiline Long-Acting Aqueous Microsuspensions in Rats. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:952-965. [PMID: 33400546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of a range of bedaquiline (BDQ) long-acting injectable (LAI) microsuspensions in rats after parenteral (i.e., intramuscular and subcutaneous) administration were correlated with the in vitro intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and thermodynamic solubility of BDQ in media varying in surfactant type and concentration to better understand the impact of different nonionic surfactants on the in vivo performance of BDQ LAI microsuspensions. All LAI formulations had a similar particle size distribution. The investigated surfactants were d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), poloxamer 338, and poloxamer 188. Furthermore, the relevance of medium complexity by using a biorelevant setup to perform in vitro measurements was assessed by comparing IDR and thermodynamic solubility results obtained in biorelevant media and formulation vehicle containing different surfactants in varying concentrations. In the presence of a surfactant, both media could be applied to obtain in vivo representative dissolution and solubility data because the difference between the biorelevant medium and formulation vehicle was predominantly nonsignificant. Therefore, a more simplistic medium in the presence of a surfactant was preferred to obtain in vitro measurements to predict the in vivo PK performance of LAI aqueous suspensions. The type of surfactant influenced the PK profiles of BDQ microsuspensions in rats, which could be the result of a surfactant effect on the IDR and/or thermodynamic solubility of BDQ. Overall, two surfactant groups could be differentiated: TPGS and poloxamers. Most differences between the PK profiles (i.e., maximum concentration observed, time of maximum concentration observed, and area under the curve) were observed during the first 21 days postdose, the time period during which particles in the aqueous suspension are expected to dissolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Nguyen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Quantitative Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Jan Bevernage
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Darville
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Christophe Tistaert
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Bocxlaer
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Rossenu
- Quantitative Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - An Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Quantitative Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
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31
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Nkanga CI, Fisch A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Romic MD, Kittel B, Ullrich T, Wang J, Krause RWM, Adler S, Lammers T, Hennink WE, Ramazani F. Clinically established biodegradable long acting injectables: An industry perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:19-46. [PMID: 33202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been utilized for both systemic and local drug delivery applications. This review gives an overview of long acting injectable systems that are currently in clinical use. These products are categorized in three different groups: biodegradable polymeric systems, including microparticles and implants; micro and nanocrystal suspensions and oil-based formulations. Furthermore, the applications of these drug delivery platforms for the management of various chronic diseases are summarized. Finally, this review addresses industrial challenges regarding the development of long acting injectable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Isalomboto Nkanga
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa, XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fisch
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Birgit Kittel
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ullrich
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Sabine Adler
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
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32
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Synergistic Computational Modeling Approaches as Team Players in the Game of Solubility Predictions. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:22-34. [PMID: 33217423 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several approaches to predict and model drug solubility have been used in the drug discovery and development processes during the last decades. Each of these approaches have their own benefits and place, and are typically used as standalone approaches rather than in concert. The synergistic effects of these are often overlooked, partly due to the need of computational experts to perform the modeling and simulations as well as analyzing the data obtained. Here we provide our views on how these different approaches can be used to retrieve more information on drug solubility, ranging from multivariate data analysis over thermodynamic cycle modeling to molecular dynamics simulations. We are discussing aqueous solubility as well as solubility in more complex mixed solvents and media with colloidal structures present. We conclude that the field of computational pharmaceutics is in its early days but with a bright future ahead. However, education of computational formulators with broad knowledge of modeling and simulation approaches is imperative if computational pharmaceutics is to reach its full potential.
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33
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Bennett-Lenane H, Koehl NJ, O'Dwyer PJ, Box KJ, O'Shea JP, Griffin BT. Applying Computational Predictions of Biorelevant Solubility Ratio Upon Self-Emulsifying Lipid-Based Formulations Dispersion to Predict Dose Number. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:164-175. [PMID: 33144233 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Computational approaches are increasingly utilised in development of bio-enabling formulations, including self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), facilitating early indicators of success. This study investigated if in silico predictions of drug solubility gain i.e. solubility ratios (SR), after dispersion of a SEDDS in biorelevant media could be predicted from drug properties. Apparent solubility upon dispersion of two SEDDS in FaSSIF was measured for 30 structurally diverse poorly water soluble drugs. Increased drug solubility upon SEDDS dispersion was observed in all cases, with higher SRs observed for cationic and neutral versus anionic drugs at pH 6.5. Molecular descriptors and solid-state properties were used as inputs during partial least squares (PLS) modelling resulting in predictive models for SRMC (r2 = 0.81) and SRLC (r2 = 0.77). Multiple linear regression (MLR) facilitated generation of simplified SR equations with high predictivity (SRMC r2 = 0.74; SRLC r2 = 0.69), requiring only three drug properties; partition coefficient at pH 6.5 (logD6.5), melting point (Tm) and aromatic bonds as fraction of total bonds (F-AromB). Through using the equations to inform developability classification system (DCS) classes for drugs that have already been licensed as lipid-based formulations, merits for development with SEDDS was predicted for 2/3 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niklas J Koehl
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick J O'Dwyer
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd, Forest Row, East Sussex, UK
| | - Karl J Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd, Forest Row, East Sussex, UK
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34
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Fagerberg JH, Zarmpi P, Jabbar H, Fotaki N. Affinity of Lipophilic Drugs to Mixed Lipid Aggregates in Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:186-197. [PMID: 33065126 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed lipid aggregates, comprising of bile salts and phospholipids, present in the small intestine assist in drug solubilization and subsequent drug dissolution and absorption through the intestinal epithelium. The increased variability in their levels, observed physiologically, may create challenges not only for in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies, but also for in vitro bio-predictive studies as correlations between in vitro and in vivo data are not always successful. The current study investigated the impact of biorelevant dissolution media, with physiologically relevant sodium taurocholate and lecithin levels, on the apparent solubility and affinity of lipophilic compounds with a wide range of physicochemical properties (drug ionization, drug lipophilicity, molecular weight) to mixed lipid aggregates. Apparent solubility data in biorelevant dissolution media for the studied neutral drugs, weak bases and weak acids were compared against a phosphate buffer pH 6.5 in the absence of these lipidic components. Presence of mixed lipid aggregates enhanced the apparent solubility of the majority of compounds and the use of multivariate data analysis identified the significant parameters affecting drug affinity to mixed lipid aggregates based on the chemical class of the drug. For neutral drugs, increasing bile salt concentrations and/or drug lipophilicity resulted in greater enhancement in apparent solubility at 24-hr. For weak bases and weak acids, the effect of increasing bile salt levels on apparent solubility depended mostly on an interplay between drug lipophilicity and drug ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiota Zarmpi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Hasnaa Jabbar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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35
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Matsumura N, Ono A, Akiyama Y, Fujita T, Sugano K. Bottom-Up Physiologically Based Oral Absorption Modeling of Free Weak Base Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E844. [PMID: 32899235 PMCID: PMC7558956 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we systematically evaluated "bottom-up" physiologically based oral absorption modeling, focusing on free weak base drugs. The gastrointestinal unified theoretical framework (the GUT framework) was employed as a simple and transparent model. The oral absorption of poorly soluble free weak base drugs is affected by gastric pH. Alternation of bulk and solid surface pH by dissolving drug substances was considered in the model. Simple physicochemical properties such as pKa, the intrinsic solubility, and the bile micelle partition coefficient were used as input parameters. The fraction of a dose absorbed (Fa) in vivo was obtained by reanalyzing the pharmacokinetic data in the literature (15 drugs, a total of 85 Fa data). The AUC ratio with/without a gastric acid-reducing agent (AUCr) was collected from the literature (22 data). When gastric dissolution was neglected, Fa was underestimated (absolute average fold error (AAFE) = 1.85, average fold error (AFE) = 0.64). By considering gastric dissolution, predictability was improved (AAFE = 1.40, AFE = 1.04). AUCr was also appropriately predicted (AAFE = 1.54, AFE = 1.04). The Fa values of several drugs were slightly overestimated (less than 1.7-fold), probably due to neglecting particle growth in the small intestine. This modeling strategy will be of great importance for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Matsumura
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Asami Ono
- Laboratory for Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control, Pharmaceuticals Production & Technology Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan;
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
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36
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Comparison of induction methods for supersaturation: Amorphous dissolution versus solvent shift. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Medina-López R, Guillén-Moedano S, Hurtado M. In vitro release studies of furosemide reference tablets: influence of agitation rate, USP apparatus, and dissolution media. ADMET AND DMPK 2020; 8:411-423. [PMID: 35300193 PMCID: PMC8915589 DOI: 10.5599/admet.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Furosemide is a diuretic drug widely used in chronic renal failure. The drug has low solubility and permeability, which cause clinical problems. Studying the in vitro release performance elucidates the rate and extent of drug dissolved from dosage forms under different conditions. Furosemide reference tablets were tested using USP Apparatuses 1 and 2 as well as the flow-through cell method (USP Apparatus 4), a dissolution apparatus that simulates the human gastrointestinal tract better than the other methods. Dissolution profiles were created with USP Apparatuses 1 and 2 at 25, 50, and 75 rpm and 900 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer (pH 4.5), and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). USP Apparatus 4 with a laminar flow of 16 mL/min and 22.6 mm cells was used. Drug dissolution was quantified at 274 nm for 60 min. Mean dissolution time, dissolution efficiency, time to 50% dissolution, and time to 80% dissolution data were used to compare dissolution profiles. Additionally, zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, Makoid-Banakar, and Weibull models were used to adjust furosemide dissolution data. Between USP Apparatus 1 and 2, significant differences were observed in almost all parameters at 50 and 75 rpm (p < 0.05). A similar dissolution profile (f2 > 50) with a pharmacopoeial dissolution method (USP Apparatus 2 at 50 rpm and 900 mL of phosphate buffer pH 5.8) and USP Apparatus 4 (laminar flow of 16 mL/min, 22.6 mm cells, and pH 6.8) was observed. The Weibull function was the best mathematical model to describe the in vitro release performance of furosemide in the three USP dissolution apparatuses. These results could be used to manufacture better furosemide dosage forms and decrease the negative clinical impact of current furosemide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Medina-López
- Departamento Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Guillén-Moedano
- Departamento Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Hurtado
- Departamento Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
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38
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Patel D, Zode SS, Bansal AK. Formulation aspects of intravenous nanosuspensions. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119555. [PMID: 32562654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) route is preferred for rapid onset of action, avoiding first pass metabolism and achieving site specific delivery. Development of IV formulations for poorly water soluble drugs poses significant challenges. Formulation approaches like salt formation, co-solvents, surfactants and inclusion complexation using cyclodextrins are used for solubilisation. However, these approaches are not applicable universally and have limitations in extent of solubilisation, hypersensitivity, toxicity and application to only specific type of molecules. IV nanosuspension have been attracting attention as a viable strategy for development of IV formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs. Nanosuspension consists of nanocrystals of poorly water soluble drug suspended in aqueous media and stabilized using minimal concentration of stabilizers. Recent years have witnessed their potential in formulations for toxicological studies and clinical trials. However various challenges are associated with the translational development of IV nanosuspensions. Therefore, the objective of the current review is to provide a holistic view of formulation development and desired properties of IV nanosuspensions. It will also focus on advancements in characterization tools, manufacturing techniques and post-production processing. Challenges associated with translational development and regulatory aspects of IV nanosuspension will be addressed. Additionally, their role in preclinical evaluation and special applications like targeting will also be discussed with the help of case studies. The applications of IV nanosuspensions shall expand as their applications move from preclinical phase to commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipeekakumari Patel
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sandeep S Zode
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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39
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Kritskiy I, Volkova T, Sapozhnikova T, Mazur A, Tolstoy P, Terekhova I. Methotrexate-loaded metal-organic frameworks on the basis of γ-cyclodextrin: Design, characterization, in vitro and in vivo investigation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Intrinsic Dissolution Rate Profiling of Poorly Water-Soluble Compounds in Biorelevant Dissolution Media. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060493. [PMID: 32481718 PMCID: PMC7356998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is a key property that aids in early drug development, especially selecting formulation strategies to improve dissolution and thereby drug absorption in the intestine. Here, we developed a robust method for rapid, medium throughput screening of IDR and established the largest IDR dataset in open literature to date that can be used for pharmaceutical computational modeling. Eighteen compounds with diverse physicochemical properties were studied in both fasted and fed state simulated intestinal fluids. Dissolution profiles were measured in small-scale experimental assays using compound suspensions or discs. IDR measurements were not solely linked to API solubility in either dissolution media. Multivariate data analysis revealed that IDR strongly depends on compound partitioning into bile salt and phospholipid micelles in the simulated intestinal fluids, a process that in turn is governed by API lipophilicity, hydrophobicity, and ionization.
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41
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Rudd ND, Reibarkh M, Fang R, Mittal S, Walsh PL, Brunskill APJ, Forrest WP. Interpreting In Vitro Release Performance from Long-Acting Parenteral Nanosuspensions Using USP-4 Dissolution and Spectroscopic Techniques. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1734-1747. [PMID: 32267708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Injectable sustained release dosage forms have emerged as desirable therapeutic routes for patients that require life-long treatments. The prevalence of drug molecules with low aqueous solubility and bioavailability has added momentum toward the development of suspension-based long-acting parenteral (LAP) formulations; the previously undesirable physicochemical properties of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II/IV compounds are best suited for extended release applications. Effective in vitro release (IVR) testing of crystalline suspensions affirms product quality during early-stage development and provides connections with in vivo performance. However, before in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) can be established, it is necessary to evaluate formulation attributes that directly affect IVR properties. In this work, a series of crystalline LAP nanosuspensions were formulated with different stabilizing polymers and applied to a continuous flow-through (USP-4) dissolution method. This technique confirmed the role of salt effects on the stability of polymer-coated nanoparticles through the detection of disparate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) release profiles. The polymer stabilizers with extended hydrophilic chains exhibited elevated intrapolymer activity from the loss of hydrogen-bond cushioning in dissolution media with heightened ionic strength, confirmed through one-dimensional (1D) 1H NMR and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D NOESY) experiments. Thus, steric repulsion within the affected nanosuspensions was limited and release rates decreased. Additionally, the strength of interaction between hydrophobic polymer components and the API crystalline surface contributed to suspension dissolution properties, confirmed through solution- and solid-state spectroscopic analyses. This study provides a unique perspective on the dynamic interface between the crystalline drug and aqueous microenvironment during dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Rudd
- Analytical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rui Fang
- Sterile & Specialty Products, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sachin Mittal
- Sterile & Specialty Products, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Paul L Walsh
- Analytical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - William P Forrest
- Sterile & Specialty Products, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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42
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Tsume Y, Igawa N, Drelich AJ, Ruan H, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. The in vivo predictive dissolution for immediate release dosage of donepezil and danazol, BCS class IIc drugs, with the GIS and the USP II with biphasic dissolution apparatus. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Investigation of drug partition kinetics to fat in simulated fed state gastric conditions based on drug properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146:105263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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Markovic M, Zur M, Fine-Shamir N, Haimov E, González-Álvarez I, Dahan A. Segmental-Dependent Solubility and Permeability as Key Factors Guiding Controlled Release Drug Product Development. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E295. [PMID: 32214015 PMCID: PMC7151103 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main factors influencing the absorption of orally administered drugs are solubility and permeability, which are location-dependent and may vary along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The purpose of this work was to investigate segmental-dependent intestinal absorption and its role in controlled-release (CR) drug product development. The solubility/dissolution and permeability of carvedilol (vs. metoprolol) were thoroughly studied, in vitro/in vivo (Octanol-buffer distribution coefficients (Log D), parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), rat intestinal perfusion), focusing on location-dependent effects. Carvedilol exhibits changing solubility in different conditions throughout the GIT, attributable to its zwitterionic nature. A biorelevant pH-dilution dissolution study for carvedilol immediate release (IR) vs. CR scenario elucidates that while the IR dose (25 mg) may dissolve in the GIT luminal conditions, higher doses used in CR products would precipitate if administered at once, highlighting the advantage of CR from the solubility/dissolution point of view. Likewise, segmental-dependent permeability was evident, with higher permeability of carvedilol vs. the low/high Peff marker metoprolol throughout the GIT, confirming it as a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug. Theoretical analysis of relevant physicochemical properties confirmed these results as well. A CR product may shift the carvedilol's solubility behavior from class II to I since only a small dose portion needs to be solubilized at a given time point. The permeability of carvedilol surpasses the threshold of metoprolol jejunal permeability throughout the entire GIT, including the colon, establishing it as a suitable candidate for CR product development. Altogether, this work may serve as an analysis model in the decision process of CR formulation development and may increase our biopharmaceutical understanding of a successful CR drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Moran Zur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ester Haimov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Isabel González-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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45
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Tipnis NP, Shen J, Jackson D, Leblanc D, Burgess DJ. Flow-through cell-based in vitro release method for triamcinolone acetonide poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119130. [PMID: 32070759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the current research was to develop a compendial flow-through cell apparatus based in vitro release testing method for sustained-release triamcinolone acetonide-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres. Media-based and instrument-based parameters, such as surfactant type, concentration, media volume, flow rate, and testing temperature, were investigated. In addition, a detailed exploration was performed to reveal polymer degradation encompassing pore formation, channeling, and triamcinolone acetonide release from microspheres using freeze-fracture scanning electron microscopy. The developed USP apparatus 4 method demonstrated more than 85% drug release from the microspheres in 12 days and showcased reproducibility between different microsphere batches. Large medium volume (15 times saturation solubility) at low surfactant concentration was identified as a critical media-based parameter, with potential application in testing of other sensitive poorly soluble drugs. At 35 °C, drug release via pore channeling to the surface was evident, whereas at 39 °C, drug release slowed due to polymer plasticization. It was demonstrated here for the first time that elevated temperature-accelerated testing does not work for all PLGA-based microsphere products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita P Tipnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | | | | - Diane J Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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46
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Mudie DM, Samiei N, Marshall DJ, Amidon GE, Bergström CAS. Selection of In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Media Using Drug Substance and Physiological Properties. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:34. [PMID: 31989343 PMCID: PMC6985051 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-0417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rate and extent of drug dissolution in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are highly dependent upon drug physicochemical properties and GI fluid properties. Biorelevant dissolution media (BDM), which aim to facilitate in vitro prediction of in vivo dissolution performance, have evolved with our understanding of GI physiology. However, BDM with a variety of properties and compositions are available, making the choice of dissolution medium challenging. In this tutorial, we describe a simple and quantitative methodology for selecting practical, yet physiologically relevant BDM representative of fasted humans for evaluating dissolution of immediate release formulations. Specifically, this methodology describes selection of pH, buffer species, and concentration and evaluates the importance of including bile salts and phospholipids in the BDM based upon drug substance log D, pKa, and intrinsic solubility. The methodology is based upon a mechanistic understanding of how three main factors affect dissolution, including (1) drug ionization at gastrointestinal pH, (2) alteration of surface pH by charged drug species, and (3) drug solubilization in mixed lipidic aggregates comprising bile salts and phospholipids. Assessment of this methodology through testing and comparison with literature reports showed that the recommendations correctly identified when a biorelevant buffer capacity or the addition of bile salts and phospholipids to the medium would appreciably change the drug dissolution profile. This methodology can enable informed decisions about when a time, complexity, and/or cost-saving buffer is expected to lead to physiologically meaningful in vitro dissolution testing, versus when a more complex buffer would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Mudie
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon, 97703, USA.
| | - Nasim Samiei
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Derrick J Marshall
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, Oregon, 97703, USA.,Pivotal Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02141, USA
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48103, USA
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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47
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Roy P, Ghosh A. Mechanochemical cocrystallization to improve the physicochemical properties of chlorzoxazone. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystals of chlorzoxazone prepared by mechanochemical cocrystallization with picolinic acid to improve the physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi
- India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi
- India
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48
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Christfort JF, Strindberg S, Plum J, Hall-Andersen J, Janfelt C, Nielsen LH, Müllertz A. Developing a predictive in vitro dissolution model based on gastrointestinal fluid characterisation in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:307-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Arumugam SP, Balakrishnan SB, Ganesan V, Munisamy M, Kuppu SV, Narayanan V, Baskaralingam V, Jeyachandran S, Thambusamy S. In-vitro dissolution and microbial inhibition studies on anticancer drug etoposide with β-cyclodextrin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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50
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Bunally SB, Luscombe CN, Young RJ. Using Physicochemical Measurements to Influence Better Compound Design. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:791-801. [PMID: 31429385 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219859845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, the physicochemical quality of molecules under investigation at all stages of the drug discovery process has come under particular scrutiny. The issues associated with excessive lipophilicity and poor solubility in particular are many and varied, ranging from poor outcomes in screening campaigns to promiscuity, limited and/or poorly predictable pharmacokinetic exposure, and, ultimately, greater chances of clinical failure. In this review, contemporary methods to secure key measurements are described along with their relevance to understanding the behavior of molecules in environments pertinent to pharmacological activity. Together, the various measurements contribute to predictive models of both the physicochemical properties themselves and the outcomes they influence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J Young
- 1 GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
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