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Huang Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Jing H, Li H. Aerosol Inhalation of Gene Delivery Therapy for Pulmonary Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:904. [PMID: 39199292 PMCID: PMC11352762 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery therapy has emerged as a popular approach for the treatment of various diseases. However, it still poses the challenges of accumulation in target sites and reducing off-target effects. Aerosol gene delivery for the treatment of pulmonary diseases has the advantages of high lung accumulation, specific targeting and fewer systemic side effects. However, the key challenge is selecting the appropriate formulation for aerosol gene delivery that can overcome physiological barriers. There are numerous existing gene carriers under study, including viral vectors and non-viral vectors. With the development of biomaterials, more biocompatible substances have applied gene delivery via inhalation. Furthermore, many types of genes can be delivered through aerosol inhalation, such as DNA, mRNA, siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9. Aerosol delivery of different types of genes has proven to be efficient in the treatment of many diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, cystic fibrosis and lung cancer. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the ongoing research on aerosol gene delivery therapy, including the basic respiratory system, different types of gene carriers, different types of carried genes and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Jing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (X.W.)
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2
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Hussain W, Chaman S, Koser HN, Aun SM, Bibi Z, Pirzadi AN, Hussain J, Zubaria Z, Nabi G, Ullah MW, Wang S, Perveen I. Nanoparticle-Mediated Mucosal Vaccination: Harnessing Nucleic Acids for Immune Enhancement. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:279. [PMID: 39031239 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccine manufacturing have attracted considerable interest as advanced methods for combating viral infections. The respiratory mucosa is a primary target for pathogen attack, but traditional intramuscular vaccines are not effective in generating protective ion mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immunity by effectively eliminating microorganisms before their growth and development. However, there are several biological and physical obstacles to the administration of genetic payloads, such as IVT-mRNA and DNA, to the pulmonary and nasal mucosa. Nucleic acid vaccine nanocarriers should effectively protect and load genetic payloads to overcome barriers i.e., biological and physical, at the mucosal sites. This may aid in the transfection of specific antigens, epithelial cells, and incorporation of adjuvants. In this review, we address strategies for delivering genetic payloads, such as nucleic acid vaccines, that have been studied in the past and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Hussain
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissues Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sadia Chaman
- University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Zainab Bibi
- University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Jawad Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | | | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials & Tissues Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ishrat Perveen
- GenEd and Molecular Biology Labs, Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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3
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Omidian H, Gill EJ, Dey Chowdhury S, Cubeddu LX. Chitosan Nanoparticles for Intranasal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:746. [PMID: 38931868 PMCID: PMC11206675 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript explores the use of nanostructured chitosan for intranasal drug delivery, targeting improved therapeutic outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric care, pain management, vaccination, and diabetes treatment. Chitosan nanoparticles are shown to enhance brain delivery, improve bioavailability, and minimize systemic side effects by facilitating drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. Despite substantial advancements in targeted delivery and vaccine efficacy, challenges remain in scalability, regulatory approval, and transitioning from preclinical studies to clinical applications. The future of chitosan-based nanomedicines hinges on advancing clinical trials, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovating in nanoparticle design to overcome these hurdles and realize their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (E.J.G.); (S.D.C.); (L.X.C.)
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Dilnawaz F, Acharya S, Kanungo A. A clinical perspective of chitosan nanoparticles for infectious disease management. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37362954 PMCID: PMC10073797 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases and their effective management are still a challenge in this modern era of medicine. Diseases, such as the SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, and Zika virus, still put human civilization at peril. Existing drug banks, which include antivirals, antibacterial, and small-molecule drugs, are the most advocated method for treatment, although effective but they still flounder in many instances. This calls for finding more effective alternatives for tackling the menace of infectious diseases. Nanoformulations are progressively being implemented for clinical translation and are being considered a new paradigm against infectious diseases. Natural polymers like chitosan are preferred to design nanoparticles owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradation, and long shelf-life. The chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) being highly adaptive delivers contemporary prevention for infectious diseases. Currently, they are being used as antibacterial, drug, and vaccine delivery vehicles, and wound-dressing materials, for infectious disease treatment. Although the recruitment of CNPs in clinical trials associated with infectious diseases is minimal, this may increase shortly due to the sudden emergence of unknown pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, thus turning them into a panacea for the management of microorganisms. This review particularly focuses on the all-around application of CNPs along with their recent clinical applications in infectious disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Dilnawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Sarbari Acharya
- Department of Biology, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - Anwesha Kanungo
- Department of Biology, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
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Gopal J, Muthu M, Pushparaj SSC, Sivanesan I. Anti-COVID-19 Credentials of Chitosan Composites and Derivatives: Future Scope? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040665. [PMID: 37107027 PMCID: PMC10135369 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan derivatives and composites are the next generation polymers for biomedical applications. With their humble origins from the second most abundant naturally available polymer chitin, chitosan is currently one of the most promising polymer systems, with wide biological applications. This current review gives a bird’s eye view of the antimicrobial applications of chitosan composites and derivatives. The antiviral activity and the mechanisms behind the inhibitory activity of these components have been reviewed. Specifically, the anti-COVID-19 aspects of chitosan composites and their derivatives have been compiled from the existing scattered reports and presented. Defeating COVID-19 is the battle of this century, and the chitosan derivative-based combat strategies naturally become very attractive. The challenges ahead and future recommendations have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Suraj Shiv Charan Pushparaj
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2049-6271; Fax: +82-2-455-1044
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Qin Z, Nai Z, Li G, He X, Wang W, Xia J, Chao W, Li L, Jiang X, Liu D. The Oral Inactivated Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Presenting in the Intestine Induces Mucosal Immunity in Mice with Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050889. [PMID: 36899746 PMCID: PMC10000104 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV, which causes diarrhea, vomiting and death in piglets, causes huge economic losses. Therefore, understanding how to induce mucosal immune responses in piglets is essential in the mechanism and application against PEDV infection with mucosal immunity. A method of treatment in our research was used to make an oral vaccine that packaged the inactive PEDV with microencapsulation, which consisted of sodium alginate and chitosan, and adapted the condition of the gut in mice. The in vitro release experiment of microcapsules showed that inactive PEDV was not only easily released in saline and acid solutions but also had an excellent storage tolerance, and was suitable for use as an oral vaccine. Interestingly, both experimental groups with different doses of inactive virus enhanced the secretion of specific antibodies in the serum and intestinal mucus, which caused the effective neutralization against PEDV in the Vero cell by both IgG and IgA, respectively. Moreover, the microencapsulation could stimulate the differentiation of CD11b+ and CD11c+ dendritic cells, which means that the microencapsulation was also identified as an oral adjuvant to help phagocytosis of dendritic cells in mice. Flow cytometry revealed that the B220+ and CD23+ of the B cells could significantly increase antibody production with the stimulation from the antigens' PEDV groups, and the microencapsulation could also increase the cell viability of B cells, stimulating the secretion of antibodies such as IgG and IgA in mice. In addition, the microencapsulation promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-17, were inhibited by alginate and chitosan in the microencapsulation groups compared with the inactivated PEDV group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the microparticle could play the role of mucosal adjuvant, and release inactivated PEDV in the gut, which can effectively stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zida Nai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinmiao He
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiqiao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wang Chao
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-451-55190722 (X.J. & D.L.)
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-451-55190722 (X.J. & D.L.)
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Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Microgels Based on Polyacrylic Acid and Microalgae Cell Wall and Their Potential as Antigen Delivery Vehicles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010133. [PMID: 36678762 PMCID: PMC9863243 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, hybrid polyacrylic acid and Schizochytrium sp. microalgae (PAA/Schizo) microgels were synthesized by inverse emulsion assisted by ultrasound using the cell wall fraction as crosslinker. Physicochemical characterization of PAA/Schizo microgels revealed polymeric spherical particles (288 ± 39 nm) and were deemed stable and negatively charged. The produced microgels are not inherently toxic as cell viability was sustained above 80% when mice splenocytes were exposed to concentrations ranging 10-900 µg/mL. PAA/Schizo microgels were evaluated as antigen delivery nanovehicle by adsorbing bovine serum albumin (BSA); with a loading efficiency of 72% and loading capacity of 362 µg/mg. Overall, intranasally-immunized BALB/c mice showed null IgG or IgA responses against PAA/Schizo microgel-BSA, whereas soluble BSA induced significant humoral responses in systemic and mucosal compartments. Splenocytes proliferation assay upon BSA stimulus revealed positive CD4+ T cells-proliferation response in PAA/Schizo microgels-BSA group. Thus, PAA/Schizo microgels constitute functional antigen delivery vehicles of simple and ecofriendly synthesis. Moreover, the use of cell wall fraction as cross-linker agent provides an alternative use for the generation of high-value products using residual algae biomass from the oil industry. Our data suggests that the PAA/Schizo microgels are potential antigen delivery vehicles for immunotherapy development.
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Iqbal R, Khan S, Ali HM, Khan M, Wahab S, Khan T. Application of nanomaterials against SARS-CoV-2: An emphasis on their usefulness against emerging variants of concern. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers are now looking to nanomaterials to fight serious infectious diseases that cause outbreaks and even pandemics. SARS-CoV-2 brought chaos to almost every walk of life in the past 2 years and has challenged every available treatment method. Although vaccines were developed in no time against it, the most pressing issue was the emergence of variants of concern arising because of the rapidly evolving viral strains. The higher pathogenicity and, in turn, the higher mortality rate of infections caused by these variants renders the existing vaccines less effective and the effort to produce further vaccines a costly endeavor. While several techniques, such as immunotherapy and repurposed pharmaceutical research, are being studied to minimize viral infection, the fundamentals of nanotechnology must also be considered to enhance the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efforts. For instance, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been applied against SARS-CoV-2 effectively. Similarly, nanomaterials have been tested in masks, gloves, and disinfectants to aid in controlling SARS-CoV-2. Nanotechnology has also contributed to diagnoses such as rapid and accurate detection and treatment such as the delivery of mRNA vaccines and other antiviral agents into the body. The development of polymeric nanoparticles has been dubbed a strategy of choice over traditional drugs because of their tunable release kinetics, specificity, and multimodal drug composition. Our article explores the potential of nanomaterials in managing the variants of concern. This will be achieved by highlighting the inherent ability of nanomaterials to act against the virus on fronts such as inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry, inhibition of RNA replication in SARS-CoV-2, and finally, inhibition of their release. In this review, a detailed discussion on the potential of nanomaterials in these areas will be tallied with their potential against the current and emerging future variants of concern.
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Bhattacharjee R, Dubey AK, Ganguly A, Bhattacharya B, Mishra YK, Mostafavi E, Kaushik A. State-of-art high-performance Nano-systems for mutated coronavirus infection management: From Lab to Clinic. OPENNANO 2022. [PMCID: PMC9463543 DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants made emerging novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic/endemic/or both more severe and difficult to manage due to increased worry about the efficacy and efficiency of present preventative, therapeutic, and sensing measures. To deal with these unexpected circumstances, the development of novel nano-systems with tuneable optical, electrical, magnetic, and morphological properties can lead to novel research needed for (1) COVID-19 infection (anti-microbial systems against SARS-CoV-2), (2) early detection of mutated SARS-CoV-2, and (3) targeted delivery of therapeutics using nano-systems, i.e., nanomedicine. However, there is a knowledge gap in understanding all these nano-biotechnology potentials for managing mutated SARS-CoV-2 on a single platform. To bring up the aspects of nanotechnology to tackle SARS-CoV-2 variants related COVID-19 pandemic, this article emphasizes improvements in the high-performance of nano-systems to combat SARS-CoV-2 strains/variants with a goal of managing COVID-19 infection via trapping, eradication, detection/sensing, and treatment of virus. The potential of state-of-the-art nano-assisted approaches has been demonstrated as an efficient drug delivery systems, viral disinfectants, vaccine productive cargos, anti-viral activity, and biosensors suitable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Furthermore, the process linked with the efficacy of nanosystems to neutralize and eliminate SARS-CoV-2 is extensively highligthed in this report. The challenges and opportunities associated with managing COVID-19 using nanotechnology as part of regulations are also well-covered. The outcomes of this review will help researchers to design, investigate, and develop an appropriate nano system to manage COVID-19 infection, with a focus on the detection and eradication of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. This article is unique in that it discusses every aspect of high-performance nanotechnology for ideal COVID pandemic management.
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Helmy SA, El-Morsi RM, Helmy SAM, El-Masry SM. Towards novel nano-based vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern: Advances, challenges and limitations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 76:103762. [PMID: 36097606 PMCID: PMC9452404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective tool available for fighting the spread of COVID-19. Recently, emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 have led to growing concerns about increased transmissibility and decreased vaccine effectiveness. Currently, many vaccines are approved for emergency use and more are under development. This review highlights the ongoing advances in the design and development of different nano-based vaccine platforms. The challenges, limitations, and ethical consideration imposed by these nanocarriers are also discussed. Further, the effectiveness of the leading vaccine candidates against all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are highlighted. The review also focuses on the possibility of using an alternative non-invasive routes of vaccine administration using micro and nanotechnologies to enhance vaccination compliance and coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Helmy
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, AL-Madinah AL-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El-Morsi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Soha A M Helmy
- Department of Languages and Translation, College of Arts and Humanities, Taibah University, AL-Madinah AL-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Education, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Soha M El-Masry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Teng Z, Meng LY, Yang JK, He Z, Chen XG, Liu Y. Bridging nanoplatform and vaccine delivery, a landscape of strategy to enhance nasal immunity. J Control Release 2022; 351:456-475. [PMID: 36174803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is an urgently needed and effective option to address epidemic, cancers, allergies, and other diseases. Nasal administration of vaccines offers many benefits over needle-based injection including high compliance and less risk of infection. Inactivated or attenuated vaccines as convention vaccine present potential risks of pathogenic virulence reversal, the focus of nasal vaccine development has shifted to the use of next-generation (subunit and nucleic acid) vaccines. However, subunit and nucleic acid vaccine intranasally have numerous challenges in development and utilization due to mucociliary clearance, mucosal epithelial tight junction, and enzyme/pH degradation. Nanoplatforms as ideal delivery systems, with the ability to enhance the retention, penetration, and uptake of nasal mucosa, shows great potential in improving immunogenic efficacy of nasal vaccine. This review provides an overview of delivery strategies for overcoming nasal barrier, including mucosal adhesion, mucus penetration, targeting of antigen presenting cells (APCs), enhancement of paracellular transportation. We discuss methods of enhancing antigen immunogenicity by nanoplatforms as immune-modulators or multi-antigen co-delivery. Meanwhile, we describe the application status and development prospect of nanoplatforms for nasal vaccine administration. Development of nanoplatforms for vaccine delivery via nasal route will facilitate large-scale and faster global vaccination, helping to address the threat of epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Teng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ling-Yang Meng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jian-Ke Yang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zheng He
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xi-Guang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Rauf A, Abu-Izneid T, Khalil AA, Hafeez N, Olatunde A, Rahman M, Semwal P, Al-Awthan YS, Bahattab OS, Khan IN, Khan MA, Sharma R. Nanoparticles in clinical trials of COVID-19: An update. Int J Surg 2022; 104:106818. [PMID: 35953020 PMCID: PMC9359769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Once the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19) outbreak to be pandemic, massive efforts have been launched by researchers around the globe to combat this emerging infectious disease. Strategies that must be investigated such as expanding testing capabilities, developing effective medicines, as well as developing safe and effective vaccines for COVID-19 disease that produce long-lasting immunity to human system. Now-a-days, bio-sensing, medication delivery, imaging, and antimicrobial treatment are just a few of the medical applications for nanoparticles (NPs). Since the early 1990s, nanoparticle drug delivery methods have been employed in clinical trials. Since then, the discipline of nanomedicine has evolved in tandem with expanding technological demands to better medicinal delivery. Newer generations of NPs have emerged in recent decades that are capable of performing additional delivery tasks, allowing for therapy via novel therapeutic modalities. Many of these next generation NPs and associated products have entered clinical trials and have been approved for diverse indications in the present clinical environment. For systemic applications, NPs or nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems have substantial benefits over their non-formulated and free drug counterparts. Nanoparticle systems, for example, are capable of delivering medicines and treating parts of the body that are inaccessible to existing delivery systems. As a result, NPs medication delivery is one of the most studied preclinical and clinical systems. NPs-based vaccines delivering SARS-CoV-2 antigens will play an increasingly important role in prolonging or improving COVID-19 vaccination outcomes. This review provides insights about employing NPs-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of COVID-19 to increase the bioavailability of current drugs, reducing their toxicity, and to increase their efficiency. This article also exhibits their capability and efficacy, and highlighting the future aspects and challenges on nanoparticle products in clinical trials of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University for Science and Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nabia Hafeez
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-KPK, 25120, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Omar Salem Bahattab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra &Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Goharshadi EK, Goharshadi K, Moghayedi M. The use of nanotechnology in the fight against viruses: A critical review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Chavda VP, Jogi G, Shah N, Athalye MN, Bamaniya N, K Vora L, Cláudia Paiva-Santos A. Advanced particulate carrier-mediated technologies for nasal drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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15
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Athirathinam K, Nandakumar S, Kandasamy R. Biopolymers and Osmolytes - A Focus towards the Prospects of Stability and Adjuvanticity of Vaccines. Macromol Res 2022; 30:599-608. [PMID: 35762006 PMCID: PMC9217723 DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
‘New-Gen Vaccines’ are grabbing the attention of scientists as they are much suitable for an immune-compromised group of individuals as well as infants. The major drawbacks of these vaccines are lower immunogenicity and instability. The need for a convenient and safe adjuvant is still under exploration. On the other hand, thermal instability leads to the inactivation of the vaccine and becomes detrimental in many cases. Thus, there is a need to incorporate new kinds of excipients into vaccine formulation to enhance the potency/immunogenicity of vaccine antigens and also act as stabilizers. A limited or single excipient in providing the required dual-activity is vital to break the stereotypical usage of the well-entrenched adverse ingredients. In the proposed review, the efficiency of naturally occurring biocompatible carbohydrate polymers and osmolytes and their ‘dual-role’ is briefed. In addition, the information on the possible mechanisms of action of carbohydrate polymers in vaccines as adjuvants and stabilizers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krubha Athirathinam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nano-Bio Translational Research (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024 India
| | | | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nano-Bio Translational Research (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024 India
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16
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Khedri M, Maleki R, Dahri M, Sadeghi MM, Rezvantalab S, Santos HA, Shahbazi MA. Engineering of 2D nanomaterials to trap and kill SARS-CoV-2: a new insight from multi-microsecond atomistic simulations. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:1408-1422. [PMID: 34476766 PMCID: PMC8413075 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Spike protein is one of the surface proteins of SARS-CoV-2 that is essential for its infectious function. Therefore, it received lots of attention for the preparation of antiviral drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. In the current study, we use computational methods of chemistry and biology to study the interaction between spike protein and its receptor in the body, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Additionally, the possible interaction of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, bismuthene, phosphorene, p-doped graphene, and functionalized p-doped graphene, with spike protein is investigated. The functionalized p-doped graphene nanomaterials were found to interfere with spike protein better than the other tested nanomaterials. In addition, the interaction of the proposed nanomaterials with the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 was studied. Functionalized p-doped graphene nanomaterials showed more capacity to prevent the activity of Mpro. These 2D nanomaterials efficiently reduce the transmissibility and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 by both the deformation of the spike protein and inhibiting the Mpro. The results suggest the potential use of 2D nanomaterials in a variety of prophylactic approaches, such as masks or surface coatings, and would deserve further studies in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khedri
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dahri
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moein Sadeghi
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Group (CBCG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Rezvantalab
- Renewable Energies Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, 57166-419, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran.
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17
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Kianpour M, Akbarian M, Uversky VN. Nanoparticles for Coronavirus Control. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1602. [PMID: 35564311 PMCID: PMC9104235 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
More than 2 years have passed since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak began, and many challenges that existed at the beginning of this pandemic have been solved. Some countries have been able to overcome this global challenge by relying on vaccines against the virus, and vaccination has begun in many countries. Many of the proposed vaccines have nanoparticles as carriers, and there are different nano-based diagnostic approaches for rapid detection of the virus. In this review article, we briefly examine the biology of SARS-CoV-2, including the structure of the virus and what makes it pathogenic, as well as describe biotechnological methods of vaccine production, and types of the available and published nano-based ideas for overcoming the virus pandemic. Among these issues, various physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles are discussed to evaluate the optimal conditions for the production of the nano-mediated vaccines. At the end, challenges facing the international community and biotechnological answers for future viral attacks are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kianpour
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Mohsen Akbarian
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center ‘‘Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences’’, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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18
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Jafari A, Danesh Pouya F, Niknam Z, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rasmi Y. Current advances and challenges in COVID-19 vaccine development: from conventional vaccines to next-generation vaccine platforms. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4943-4957. [PMID: 35235159 PMCID: PMC8890022 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is grappling with an unprecedented public health crisis COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Due to the high transmission/mortality rates and socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19, its control is crucial. In the absence of specific treatment, vaccines represent the most efficient way to control and stop the pandemic. Many companies around the world are currently making efforts to develop the vaccine to combat COVID-19. This review outlines key strategies for generating SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, along with the mechanism of action, advantages, and potential limitations of each vaccine. The use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology for COVID-19 vaccines development will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahima Danesh Pouya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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19
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Pitcovski J, Gruzdev N, Abzach A, Katz C, Ben-Adiva R, Brand-Shwartz M, Yadid I, Ratzon-Ashkenazi E, Emquies K, Israeli H, Haviv H, Rapoport I, Bloch I, Shadmon R, Eitan Z, Eliahu D, Hilel T, Laster M, Kremer-Tal S, Byk-Tennenbaum T, Shahar E. Oral subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces systemic neutralizing IgG, IgA and cellular immune responses and can boost neutralizing antibody responses primed by an injected vaccine. Vaccine 2022; 40:1098-1107. [PMID: 35078662 PMCID: PMC8768024 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its devastating medical and economic impacts, triggered an unprecedented race toward development of effective vaccines. The commercialized vaccines are parenterally administered, which poses logistic challenges, while adequate protection at the mucosal sites of virus entry is questionable. Furthermore, essentially all vaccine candidates target the viral spike (S) protein, a surface protein that undergoes significant antigenic drift. This work aimed to develop an oral multi-antigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine comprised of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral S protein, two domains of the viral nucleocapsid protein (N), and heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB), a potent mucosal adjuvant. The humoral, mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses of both a three-dose vaccination schedule and a heterologous subcutaneous prime and oral booster regimen were assessed in mice and rats, respectively. Mice receiving the oral vaccine compared to control mice showed significantly enhanced post-dose-3 virus-neutralizing antibody, anti-S IgG and IgA production and N-protein-stimulated IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion by T cells. When administered as a booster to rats following parenteral priming with the viral S1 protein, the oral vaccine elicited markedly higher neutralizing antibody titres than did oral placebo booster. A single oral booster following two subcutaneous priming doses elicited serum IgG and mucosal IgA levels similar to those raised by three subcutaneous doses. In conclusion, the oral LTB-adjuvanted multi-epitope SARS-CoV-2 vaccine triggered versatile humoral, cellular and mucosal immune responses, which are likely to provide protection, while also minimizing technical hurdles presently limiting global vaccination, whether by priming or booster programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pitcovski
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Nady Gruzdev
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Anna Abzach
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Chen Katz
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ran Ben-Adiva
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | - Itamar Yadid
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | | | - Ken Emquies
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hadasa Israeli
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hadar Haviv
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Irena Rapoport
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Itai Bloch
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | | | - Dalia Eliahu
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Talia Hilel
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Ehud Shahar
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
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20
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Iyer S, Yadav R, Agarwal S, Tripathi S, Agarwal R. Bioengineering Strategies for Developing Vaccines against Respiratory Viral Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0012321. [PMID: 34788128 PMCID: PMC8597982 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00123-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral pathogens like influenza and coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused outbreaks leading to millions of deaths. Vaccinations are, to date, the best and most economical way to control such outbreaks and have been highly successful for several pathogens. Currently used vaccines for respiratory viral pathogens are primarily live attenuated or inactivated and can risk reversion to virulence or confer inadequate immunity. The recent trend of using potent biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and protein antigenic components to synthesize vaccines for diseases has shown promising results. Still, it remains challenging to translate due to their high susceptibility to degradation during storage and after delivery. Advances in bioengineering technology for vaccine design have made it possible to control the physicochemical properties of the vaccines for rapid synthesis, heightened antigen presentation, safer formulations, and more robust immunogenicity. Bioengineering techniques and materials have been used to synthesize several potent vaccines, approved or in trials, against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are being explored for influenza, SARS, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) vaccines as well. Here, we review bioengineering strategies such as the use of polymeric particles, liposomes, and virus-like particles in vaccine development against influenza and coronaviruses and the feasibility of adopting these technologies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Iyer
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Smriti Agarwal
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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21
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Focosi D, Maggi F, Casadevall A. Mucosal Vaccines, Sterilizing Immunity, and the Future of SARS-CoV-2 Virulence. Viruses 2022; 14:187. [PMID: 35215783 PMCID: PMC8878800 DOI: 10.3390/v14020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilizing immunity after vaccination is desirable to prevent the spread of infection from vaccinees, which can be especially dangerous in hospital settings while managing frail patients. Sterilizing immunity requires neutralizing antibodies at the site of infection, which for respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 implies the occurrence of neutralizing IgA in mucosal secretions. Systemic vaccination by intramuscular delivery induces no or low-titer neutralizing IgA against vaccine antigens. Mucosal priming or boosting, is needed to provide sterilizing immunity. On the other side of the coin, sterilizing immunity, by zeroing interhuman transmission, could confine SARS-CoV-2 in animal reservoirs, preventing spontaneous attenuation of virulence in humans as presumably happened with the endemic coronaviruses. We review here the pros and cons of each vaccination strategy, the current mucosal SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under development, and their implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
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22
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Tang J, Cai L, Xu C, Sun S, Liu Y, Rosenecker J, Guan S. Nanotechnologies in Delivery of DNA and mRNA Vaccines to the Nasal and Pulmonary Mucosa. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020226. [PMID: 35055244 PMCID: PMC8777913 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccination have attracted considerable attention to such vaccination as a cutting-edge technique against infectious diseases including COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. While numerous pathogens infect the host through the respiratory mucosa, conventional parenterally administered vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization enables the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, efficiently removing pathogens from the mucosa before an infection occurs. Although respiratory mucosal vaccination is highly appealing, successful nasal or pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid-based vaccines is challenging because of several physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, such as a variety of protective enzymes and mucociliary clearance, which remove exogenously inhaled substances. Hence, advanced nanotechnologies enabling delivery of DNA and IVT-mRNA to the nasal and pulmonary mucosa are urgently needed. Ideal nanocarriers for nucleic acid vaccines should be able to efficiently load and protect genetic payloads, overcome physical and biological barriers at the airway mucosal site, facilitate transfection in targeted epithelial or antigen-presenting cells, and incorporate adjuvants. In this review, we discuss recent developments in nucleic acid delivery systems that target airway mucosa for vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Larry Cai
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Chuanfei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Si Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Joseph Rosenecker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
| | - Shan Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (C.X.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-89-440057713 (J.R.); +86-23-68771645 (S.G.)
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23
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Feng T, Nie C, Peng P, Lu H, Wang T, Li P, Huang W. Nanoagent-based theranostic strategies against human coronaviruses. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:3323-3337. [PMID: 35003529 PMCID: PMC8727479 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), especially the current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), engender severe threats to public health globally. Despite the outstanding breakthrough of new vaccines and therapeutic medicines in the past years, HCoVs still undergo unpredictable mutations, thus demanding more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Benefitting from the unique physicochemical properties and multiple nano-bio interactions, nanomaterials hold promising potential to fight against various HCoVs, either by providing sensitive and economic nanosensors for rapid viral detection, or by developing translatable nanovaccines and broad-spectrum nanomedicines for HCoV treatment. Herein, we systemically summarized the recent applications of nanoagents in diagnostics and therapeutics for HCoV-induced diseases, as well as their limitations and perspectives against HCoV variants. We believe this review will promote the design of innovative theranostic nanoagents for the current and future HCoV-caused pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Ningbo Institute & Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Chaofan Nie
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Ningbo Institute & Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Pandi Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Ningbo Institute & Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Hui Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Ningbo Institute & Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Ningbo Institute & Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Peng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Ningbo Institute & Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Ningbo Institute & Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an, 710072 China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
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24
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Simnani FZ, Singh D, Kaur R. COVID-19 phase 4 vaccine candidates, effectiveness on SARS-CoV-2 variants, neutralizing antibody, rare side effects, traditional and nano-based vaccine platforms: a review. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:15. [PMID: 34926119 PMCID: PMC8665991 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has endangered world health and the economy. As the number of cases is increasing, different companies have started developing potential vaccines using both traditional and nano-based platforms to overcome the pandemic. Several countries have approved a few vaccine candidates for emergency use authorization (EUA), showing significant effectiveness and inducing a robust immune response. Oxford-AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech's BNT162, Moderna's mRNA-1273, Sinovac's CoronaVac, Johnson & Johnson, Sputnik-V, and Sinopharm's vaccine candidates are leading the race. However, the SARS-CoV-2 is constantly mutating, making the vaccines less effective, possibly by escaping immune response for some variants. Besides, some EUA vaccines have been reported to induce rare side effects such as blood clots, cardiac injury, anaphylaxis, and some neurological effects. Although the COVID-19 vaccine candidates promise to overcome the pandemic, a more significant and clear understanding is needed. In this review, we brief about the clinical trial of some leading candidates, their effectiveness, and their neutralizing effect on SARS-CoV-2 variants. Further, we have discussed the rare side effects, different traditional and nano-based platforms to understand the scope of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024 India
| | - Ramneet Kaur
- Department of Life Sciences, RIMT University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
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25
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Tiwari AK, Mishra A, Pandey G, Gupta MK, Pandey PC. Nanotechnology: A Potential Weapon to Fight against COVID-19. PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION : MEASUREMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR IN POWDERS AND OTHER DISPERSE SYSTEMS 2022; 39:2100159. [PMID: 35440846 PMCID: PMC9011707 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.202100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 infections have posed an unprecedented global health emergency, with nearly three million deaths to date, and have caused substantial economic loss globally. Hence, an urgent exploration of effective and safe diagnostic/therapeutic approaches for minimizing the threat of this highly pathogenic coronavirus infection is needed. As an alternative to conventional diagnosis and antiviral agents, nanomaterials have a great potential to cope with the current or even future health emergency situation with a wide range of applications. Fundamentally, nanomaterials are physically and chemically tunable and can be employed for the next generation nanomaterial-based detection of viral antigens and host antibodies in body fluids as antiviral agents, nanovaccine, suppressant of cytokine storm, nanocarrier for efficient delivery of antiviral drugs at infection site or inside the host cells, and can also be a significant tool for better understanding of the gut microbiome and SARS-CoV-2 interaction. The applicability of nanomaterial-based therapeutic options to cope with the current and possible future pandemic is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K. Tiwari
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU)VaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India
| | - Anupa Mishra
- Department of MicrobiologyDr. R.M.L. Awadh UniversityAyodhyaUttar Pradesh224001India
- Department of MicrobiologySri Raghukul Mahila Vidya PeethCivil Line GondaUttar Pradesh271001India
| | - Govind Pandey
- Department of PaediatricsKing George Medical UniversityLucknowUttar Pradesh226003India
| | - Munesh K. Gupta
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India
| | - Prem C. Pandey
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU)VaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India
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Sa-nguanmoo N, Namdee K, Khongkow M, Ruktanonchai U, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Review: Development of SARS-CoV-2 immuno-enhanced COVID-19 vaccines with nano-platform. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:2196-2225. [PMID: 34659650 PMCID: PMC8501370 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine development approaches consist of viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, live attenuated virus, and recombinant proteins, which elicit a specific immune response. The use of nanoparticles displaying antigen is one of the alternative approaches to conventional vaccines. This is due to the fact that nano-based vaccines are stable, able to target, form images, and offer an opportunity to enhance the immune responses. The diameters of ultrafine nanoparticles are in the range of 1-100 nm. The application of nanotechnology on vaccine design provides precise fabrication of nanomaterials with desirable properties and ability to eliminate undesirable features. To be successful, nanomaterials must be uptaken into the cell, especially into the target and able to modulate cellular functions at the subcellular levels. The advantages of nano-based vaccines are the ability to protect a cargo such as RNA, DNA, protein, or synthesis substance and have enhanced stability in a broad range of pH, ambient temperatures, and humidity for long-term storage. Moreover, nano-based vaccines can be engineered to overcome biological barriers such as nonspecific distribution in order to elicit functions in antigen presenting cells. In this review, we will summarize on the developing COVID-19 vaccine strategies and how the nanotechnology can enhance antigen presentation and strong immunogenicity using advanced technology in nanocarrier to deliver antigens. The discussion about their safe, effective, and affordable vaccines to immunize against COVID-19 will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawamin Sa-nguanmoo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Uracha Ruktanonchai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - YongXiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumour Theranostics and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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Kamat S, Kumari M, Jayabaskaran C. Nano-engineered tools in the diagnosis, therapeutics, prevention, and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2. J Control Release 2021; 338:813-836. [PMID: 34478750 PMCID: PMC8406542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has forever altered mankind resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. This respiratory virus further manifests into vital organ damage, resulting in severe post COVID-19 complications. Nanotechnology has been moonlighting in the scientific community to combat several severe diseases. This review highlights the triune of the nano-toolbox in the areas of diagnostics, therapeutics, prevention, and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2. Nanogold test kits have already been on the frontline of rapid detection. Breath tests, magnetic nanoparticle-based nucleic acid detectors, and the use of Raman Spectroscopy present myriads of possibilities in developing point of care biosensors, which will ensure sensitive, affordable, and accessiblemass surveillance. Most of the therapeutics are trying to focus on blocking the viral entry into the cell and fighting with cytokine storm, using nano-enabled drug delivery platforms. Nanobodies and mRNA nanotechnology with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as vaccines against S and N protein have regained importance. All the vaccines coming with promising phase 3 clinical trials have used nano-delivery systems for delivery of vaccine-cargo, which are currently administered widely in many countries. The use of chemically diverse metal, carbon and polymeric nanoparticles, nanocages and nanobubbles demonstrate opportunities to develop anti-viral nanomedicine. In order to prevent and mitigate the viral spread, high-performance charged nanofiber filters, spray coating of nanomaterials on surfaces, novel materials for PPE kits and facemasks have been developed that accomplish over 90% capture of airborne SARS-CoV-2. Nano polymer-based disinfectants are being tested to make smart-transport for human activities. Despite the promises of this toolbox, challenges in terms of reproducibility, specificity, efficacy and emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants are yet to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Kamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is so far the most effective way of eradicating infections. Rapidly emerging drug resistance against infectious diseases and chemotherapy-related toxicities in cancer warrant immediate vaccine development to save mankind. Subunit vaccines alone, however, fail to elicit sufficiently strong and long-lasting protective immunity against deadly pathogens. Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery vehicles like microemulsions, liposomes, virosomes, nanogels, micelles and dendrimers offer promising strategies to overcome limitations of traditional vaccine adjuvants. Nanovaccines can improve targeted delivery, antigen presentation, stimulation of body's innate immunity, strong T cell response combined with safety to combat infectious diseases and cancers. Further, nanovaccines can be highly beneficial to generate effective immutherapeutic formulations against cancer. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the emerging nanoparticle strategies highlighting their success and challenges in preclinical and clinical trials in infectious diseases and cancer. It provides a concise overview of current nanoparticle-based vaccines, their adjuvant potential and their cellular delivery mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION The nanovaccines (50-250 nm in size) are most efficient in terms of tissue targeting, prolonged circulation and preferential uptake by the professional APCs chiefly due to their small size. More rational designing, improved antigen loading, extensive functionalization and targeted delivery are some of the future goals of ideal nanovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Rasouli M, Vakilian F, Ranjbari J. Therapeutic and protective potential of mesenchymal stem cells, pharmaceutical agents and current vaccines against covid-19. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:166-185. [PMID: 34530719 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666201221151853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been almost 18 months since the first outbreak of COVID-19 disease was reported in Wuhan, China. This unexpected devastating phenomenon, raised a great deal of concerns and anxiety among people around the world and imposed a huge economic burden on the nations' health care systems. Accordingly, clinical scientists, pharmacologists and physicians worldwide felt an urgent demand for a safe, effective therapeutic agent, treatment strategy or vaccine in order to prevent or cure the recently-emerged disease. Initially, due to lack of specific pharmacological agents and approved vaccines to combat the COVID-19, the disease control in the confirmed cases was limited to supportive care. Accordingly, repositioning or repurposing current drugs and examining their possible therapeutic efficacy received a great deal of attention. Despite revealing promising results in some clinical trials, the overall results are conflicting. For this reason, there is an urgent to seek and investigate other potential therapeutics. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) representing immunomodulatory and regenerative capacity to treat both curable and intractable diseases, have been investigated in COVID-19 clinical trials carried out in different parts of the world. Nevertheless, up to now, none of MSC-based approaches has been approved in controlling COVID-19 infection. Thanks to the fact that the final solution for defeating the pandemic is developing a safe, effective vaccine, enormous efforts and clinical research have been carried out. In this review, we will concisely discuss the safety and efficacy of the most relevant pharmacological agents, MSC-based approaches and candidate vaccines for treating and preventing COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rasouli
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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30
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Ghaemi F, Amiri A, Bajuri MY, Yuhana NY, Ferrara M. Role of different types of nanomaterials against diagnosis, prevention and therapy of COVID-19. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 72:103046. [PMID: 34055576 PMCID: PMC8146202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, a novel type of coronavirus emerged in China called SARS-COV-2, known COVID-19, threatens global health and possesses negative impact on people's quality of life, leading to an urgent need for its diagnosis and remedy. On the other hand, the presence of hazardous infectious waste led to the increase of the risk of transmitting the virus by individuals and by hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, in this review, we survey previous researches on nanomaterials that can be effective for guiding strategies to deal with the current COVID-19 pandemic and also decrease the hazardous infectious waste in the environment. We highlight the contribution of nanomaterials that possess potential to therapy, prevention, detect targeted virus proteins and also can be useful for large population screening, for the development of environmental sensors and filters. Besides, we investigate the possibilities of employing the nanomaterials in antiviral research and treatment development, examining the role of nanomaterials in antiviral- drug design, including the importance of nanomaterials in drug delivery and vaccination, and for the production of medical equipment. Nanomaterials-based technologies not only contribute to the ongoing SARS- CoV-2 research efforts but can also provide platforms and tools for the understanding, protection, detection and treatment of future viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amirhassan Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Mohd Yazid Bajuri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yuliana Yuhana
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Massimiliano Ferrara
- ICRIOS - The Invernizzi Centre for Research in Innovation, Organization, Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Bocconi University, Department of Management and Technology Via Sarfatti, 25 20136, Milano (MI), Italy
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de Carvalho Lima EN, Diaz RS, Justo JF, Castilho Piqueira JR. Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Vaccine Development. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5411-5435. [PMID: 34408416 PMCID: PMC8367085 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanobiotechnology have allowed the utilization of nanotechnology through nanovaccines. Nanovaccines are powerful tools for enhancing the immunogenicity of a specific antigen and exhibit advantages over other adjuvant approaches, with features such as expanded stability, prolonged release, decreased immunotoxicity, and immunogenic selectivity. We introduce recent advances in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to induce either a carrier effect as a nanoplatform or an immunostimulatory effect. Several studies of CNT-based nanovaccines revealed that due to the ability of CNTs to carry immunogenic molecules, they can act as nonclassical vaccines, a quality not possessed by vaccines with traditional formulations. Therefore, adapting and modifying the physicochemical properties of CNTs for use in vaccines may additionally enhance their efficacy in inducing a T cell-based immune response. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to renew and awaken interest in and knowledge of the safe use of CNTs as adjuvants and carriers in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidamar Nunes de Carvalho Lima
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Justo
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castilho Piqueira
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Gunathilake TMSU, Ching YC, Uyama H, Chuah CH. Nanotherapeutics for treating coronavirus diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 64:102634. [PMID: 34127930 PMCID: PMC8190278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases have recently become a threat to human health and rapidly become a significant cause of mortality with a continually exacerbated unfavorable socio-economic impact. Coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), have threatened human life, with immense accompanying morbidity rates; the COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) epidemic has become a severe threat to global public health. In addition, the design process of antiviral medications usually takes years before the treatments can be made readily available. Hence, it is necessary to invest scientifically and financially in a technology platform that can then be quickly repurposed on demand to be adequately positioned for this kind of pandemic situation through lessons learned from the previous pandemics. Nanomaterials/nanoformulations provide such platform technologies, and a proper investigation into their basic science and biological interactions would be of great benefit for potential vaccine and therapeutic development. In this respect, intelligent and advanced nano-based technologies provide specific physico-chemical properties, which can help fix the key issues related to the treatments of viral infections. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research on the effective use of nanomaterials in the treatment of coronaviruses. Also raised are the problems, perspectives of antiviral nanoformulations, and the possibility of using nanomaterials effectively against current pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thennakoon M Sampath U Gunathilake
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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33
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Franck CO, Fanslau L, Bistrovic Popov A, Tyagi P, Fruk L. Biopolymer-based Carriers for DNA Vaccine Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13225-13243. [PMID: 32893932 PMCID: PMC8247987 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, genetically engineered DNA has been tested as novel vaccination strategy against various diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, several parasites, and cancers. However, the clinical breakthrough of the technique is confined by the low transfection efficacy and immunogenicity of the employed vaccines. Therefore, carrier materials were designed to prevent the rapid degradation and systemic clearance of DNA in the body. In this context, biopolymers are a particularly promising DNA vaccine carrier platform due to their beneficial biochemical and physical characteristics, including biocompatibility, stability, and low toxicity. This article reviews the applications, fabrication, and modification of biopolymers as carrier medium for genetic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph O. Franck
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgePhillipa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Luise Fanslau
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgePhillipa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Andrea Bistrovic Popov
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgePhillipa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Puneet Tyagi
- Dosage Form Design and DevelopmentBioPharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&DAstra ZenecaGaithersburgMD20878USA
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgePhillipa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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34
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Rauf MA, Tasleem M, Bhise K, Tatiparti K, Sau S, Iyer AK. Nano-therapeutic strategies to target coronavirus. VIEW 2021; 2:20200155. [PMID: 34766165 PMCID: PMC8250313 DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronaviruses have caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the more recent coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). The global COVID-19 pandemic requires urgent action to develop anti-virals, new therapeutics, and vaccines. In this review, we discuss potential therapeutics including human recombinant ACE2 soluble, inflammatory cytokine inhibitors, and direct anti-viral agents such as remdesivir and favipiravir, to limit their fatality. We also discuss the structure of the SARS-CoV-2, which is crucial to the timely development of therapeutics, and previous attempts to generate vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Finally, we provide an overview of the role of nanotechnology in the development of therapeutics as well as in the diagnosis of the infection. This information is key for computational modeling and nanomedicine-based new therapeutics by counteracting the variable proteins in the virus. Further, we also try to effectively share the latest information about many different aspects of COVID-19 vaccine developments and possible management to further scientific endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Use‐inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U‐BiND) Systems LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Department of Computer ScienceJamia Millia Islamia UniversityNew Delhi110025India
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use‐inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U‐BiND) Systems LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use‐inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U‐BiND) Systems LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use‐inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U‐BiND) Systems LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use‐inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U‐BiND) Systems LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
- Molecular Imaging ProgramBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichigan
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Safarzadeh M, Sadeghi S, Azizi M, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Pouriran R, Haji Molla Hoseini M. Chitin and chitosan as tools to combat COVID-19: A triple approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:235-244. [PMID: 33930442 PMCID: PMC8078037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The progressive and fatal outbreak of the newly emerged coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, necessitates rigorous collaboration of all health care systems and researchers from all around the world to bring such a devastating pandemic under control. As there is so far no officially approved drug or ideal vaccine for this disease, investigations on this infectious disease are actively pursued. Chitin and chitosan have shown promising results against viral infections. In this review, we first delve into the problematic consequences of viral pandemics followed by an introduction on SARS-CoV-2 taxonomical classification. Then, we elaborate on the immunology of COVID-19. Common antiviral therapies and their related limitations are described and finally, the potential applicability of chitin and chitosan to fight this overwhelming viral pandemic is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Azizi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Derakhshan MA, Amani A, Faridi-Majidi R. State-of-the-Art of Nanodiagnostics and Nanotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14816-14843. [PMID: 33779135 PMCID: PMC8028022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, with millions of infected patients worldwide, has severely challenged all aspects of public health. In this regard, early and rapid detection of infected cases and providing effective therapeutics against the virus are in urgent demand. Along with conventional clinical protocols, nanomaterial-based diagnostics and therapeutics hold a great potential against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indeed, nanoparticles with their outstanding characteristics would render additional advantages to the current approaches for rapid and accurate diagnosis and also developing prophylactic vaccines or antiviral therapeutics. In this review, besides presenting an overview of the coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, we discuss the introduced nanomaterial-based detection assays and devices and also antiviral formulations and vaccines for coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Derakhshan
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and
Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nanomedicine
and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural
Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Al-Hatamleh MA, Hatmal MM, Alshaer W, Rahman ENSE, Mohd-Zahid MH, Alhaj-Qasem DM, Yean CY, Alias IZ, Jaafar J, Ferji K, Six JL, Uskoković V, Yabu H, Mohamud R. COVID-19 infection and nanomedicine applications for development of vaccines and therapeutics: An overview and future perspectives based on polymersomes. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173930. [PMID: 33545157 PMCID: PMC7857087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 and caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, took the world by surprise with an unprecedented public health emergency. Since this pandemic began, extraordinary efforts have been made by scientists to understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and to fight the infection by providing various preventive, diagnostic and treatment opportunities based on either novel hypotheses or past experiences. Despite all the achievements, COVID-19 continues to be an accelerating health threat with no specifically approved vaccine or therapy. This review highlights the recent advances in COVID-19 infection, with a particular emphasis on nanomedicine applications that can help in the development of effective vaccines or therapeutics against COVID-19. A novel future perspective has been proposed in this review based on utilizing polymersome nano-objects for effectively suppressing the cytokine storm, which may reduce the severity of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A.I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ma'mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Engku Nur Syafirah E.A. Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Manali Haniti Mohd-Zahid
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Iskandar Z. Alias
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Ferji
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-5400, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-5400, Nancy, France
| | | | - Hiroshi Yabu
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia,Corresponding author. Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mao L, Chen Z, Wang Y, Chen C. Design and application of nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants against human corona virus infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111454. [PMID: 33878530 PMCID: PMC8007196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, some viruses have caused a grave crisis to global public health, especially the human coronavirus. A truly effective vaccine is therefore urgently needed. Vaccines should generally have two features: delivering antigens and modulating immunity. Adjuvants have an unshakable position in the battle against the virus. In addition to the perennial use of aluminium adjuvant, nanoparticles have become the developing adjuvant candidates due to their unique properties. Here we introduce several typical nanoparticles and their antivirus vaccine adjuvant applications. Finally, for the combating of the coronavirus, we propose several design points, hoping to provide ideas for the development of personalized vaccines and adjuvants and accelerate the clinical application of adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, PR China.
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, PR China; Research Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, PR China.
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Ertas YN, Mahmoodi M, Shahabipour F, Jahed V, Diltemiz SE, Tutar R, Ashammakhi N. Role of biomaterials in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and study of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:35-55. [PMID: 33748672 PMCID: PMC7962632 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently emerged novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to urgent search for methods to prevent and treat COVID-19. Among important disciplines that were mobilized is the biomaterials science and engineering. Biomaterials offer a range of possibilities to develop disease models, protective, diagnostic, therapeutic, monitoring measures, and vaccines. Among the most important contributions made so far from this field are tissue engineering, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip systems, which have been the important frontiers in developing tissue models for viral infection studies. Also, due to low bioavailability and limited circulation time of conventional antiviral drugs, controlled and targeted drug delivery could be applied alternatively. Fortunately, at the time of writing this paper, we have two successful vaccines and new at-home detection platforms. In this paper, we aim to review recent advances of biomaterial-based platforms for protection, diagnosis, vaccination, therapeutics, and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss challenges and possible future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Shahabipour
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Jahed
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rumeysa Tutar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Mohammadi Z, Eini M, Rastegari A, Tehrani MR. Chitosan as a machine for biomolecule delivery: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Vahedifard F, Chakravarthy K. Nanomedicine for COVID-19: the role of nanotechnology in the treatment and diagnosis of COVID-19. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:75-99. [PMID: 33615140 PMCID: PMC7881345 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the recent outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Although nearly two decades have passed since the emergence of pandemics such as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), no effective drug against the CoV family has yet been approved, so there is a need to find newer therapeutic targets. Currently, simultaneous research across the globe is being performed to discover efficient vaccines or drugs, including both conventional therapies used to treat previous similar diseases and emerging therapies like nanomedicine. Nanomedicine has already proven its value through its application drug delivery and nanosensors in other diseases. Nanomedicine and its components can play an important role in various stages of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and research related to COVID-19. Nano-based antimicrobial technology can be integrated into personal equipment for the greater safety of healthcare workers and people. Various nanomaterials such as quantum dots can be used as biosensors to diagnose COVID-19. Nanotechnology offers benefits from the use of nanosystems, such as liposomes, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and micelles, for drug encapsulation, and facilitates the improvement of pharmacological drug properties. Antiviral functions for nanoparticles can target the binding, entry, replication, and budding of COVID-19. The toxicity-related inorganic nanoparticles are one of the limiting factors of its use that should be further investigated and modified. In this review, we are going to discuss nanomedicine options for COVID-19 management, similar applications for related viral diseases, and their gap of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Vahedifard
- Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego Health Center, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Krishnan Chakravarthy
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego Health Center, 9400 Campus Point Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
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Abstract
Biocontamination of medical devices and implants is a growing issue that causes medical complications and increased expenses. In the fight against biocontamination, developing synthetic surfaces, which reduce the adhesion of microbes and provide biocidal activity or combinatory effects, has emerged as a major global strategy. Advances in nanotechnology and biological sciences have made it possible to design smart surfaces for decreasing infections. Nevertheless, the clinical performance of these surfaces is highly depending on the choice of material. This review focuses on the antimicrobial surfaces with functional material coatings, such as cationic polymers, metal coatings and antifouling micro-/nanostructures. One of the highlights of the review is providing insights into the virus-inactivating surface development, which might particularly be useful for controlling the currently confronted pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The nanotechnology-based strategies presented here might be beneficial to produce materials that reduce or prevent the transmission of airborne viral droplets, once applied to biomedical devices and protective equipment of medical workers. Overall, this review compiles existing studies in this broad field by focusing on the recent related developments, draws attention to the possible activity mechanisms, discusses the key challenges and provides future recommendations for developing new, efficient antimicrobial and antiviral surface coatings.
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Franck CO, Fanslau L, Bistrovic Popov A, Tyagi P, Fruk L. Biopolymer‐based Carriers for DNA Vaccine Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph O. Franck
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Phillipa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Luise Fanslau
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Phillipa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Andrea Bistrovic Popov
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Phillipa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Puneet Tyagi
- Dosage Form Design and Development BioPharmaceuticals Development R&D Astra Zeneca Gaithersburg MD 20878 USA
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Phillipa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
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Soleimanpour S, Yaghoubi A. COVID-19 vaccine: where are we now and where should we go? Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:23-44. [PMID: 33435774 PMCID: PMC7898300 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1875824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has currently caused the pandemic with a high progressive speed and has been considered as the global public health crisis in 2020. This new member of the coronavirus family has created a potentially fatal disease, called coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Despite the continuous efforts of researchers to find effective vaccines and drugs for COVID-19, there is still no success in this matter. AREAS COVERED Here, the literature regarding the COVID-19 vaccine candidates currently in the clinical trials, as well as main candidates in pre-clinical stages for development and research, were reviewed. These candidates have been developed under five different major platforms, including live-attenuated vaccine, mRNA-based vaccine, DNA vaccines, inactivated virus, and viral-vector-based vaccine. EXPERT OPINION There are several limitations in the field of the rapid vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2, and other members of the coronavirus family such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The key challenges of designing an effective vaccine within a short time include finding the virulence ability of an emerging virus and potential antigen, choosing suitable experimental models and efficient route of administration, the immune-response study, designing the clinical trials, and determining the safety, as well as efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Yaghoubi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhao J, Zhao S, Ou J, Zhang J, Lan W, Guan W, Wu X, Yan Y, Zhao W, Wu J, Chodosh J, Zhang Q. COVID-19: Coronavirus Vaccine Development Updates. Front Immunol 2020; 11:602256. [PMID: 33424848 PMCID: PMC7785583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerged coronavirus, and has been pandemic since March 2020 and led to many fatalities. Vaccines represent the most efficient means to control and stop the pandemic of COVID-19. However, currently there is no effective COVID-19 vaccine approved to use worldwide except for two human adenovirus vector vaccines, three inactivated vaccines, and one peptide vaccine for early or limited use in China and Russia. Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are in urgent need. Researchers around the world are developing 213 COVID-19 candidate vaccines, among which 44 are in human trials. In this review, we summarize and analyze vaccine progress against SARS-CoV, Middle-East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus like particles, nucleic acid vaccines, and viral vector vaccines. As SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV share the common genus, Betacoronavirus, this review of the major research progress will provide a reference and new insights into the COVID-19 vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxian Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendong Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Mudgal R, Nehul S, Tomar S. Prospects for mucosal vaccine: shutting the door on SARS-CoV-2. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2921-2931. [PMID: 32931361 PMCID: PMC7544966 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1805992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden emergence of a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 from China and its rapid global spread has posed an international health emergency. The rapid development of an effective vaccine is imperative to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. A number of concurrent efforts to find an effective therapeutic agent or vaccine for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) are being undertaken globally. Oral and nasal mucosal surfaces serve as the primary portal of entry for pathogens like coronaviruses in the human body. As evidenced by studies on similar coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV), mucosal vaccination can provide a safe and effective means for the induction of long-lasting systemic and mucosal immunity to confer protection against SARS-CoV-2. This article summarizes the approaches to an effective mucosal vaccine formulation which can be a rewarding approach to combat the unprecedented threat posed by this emerging global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Mudgal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sanketkumar Nehul
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Cardoso VMDO, Moreira BJ, Comparetti EJ, Sampaio I, Ferreira LMB, Lins PMP, Zucolotto V. Is Nanotechnology Helping in the Fight Against COVID-19? FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2020.588915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Jindal S, Gopinath P. Nanotechnology based approaches for combatting COVID-19 viral infection. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abb714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kusumoputro S, Tseng S, Tse J, Au C, Lau C, Wang X, Xia T. Potential nanoparticle applications for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Kusumoputro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Shannon Tseng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Jonathan Tse
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Christian Au
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Candice Lau
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USA
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Medhi R, Srinoi P, Ngo N, Tran HV, Lee TR. Nanoparticle-Based Strategies to Combat COVID-19. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8557-8580. [PMID: 37556239 PMCID: PMC7482545 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the worst pandemic disease of the current millennium. This disease is caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first exhibited human-to-human transmission in December 2019 and has infected millions of people within months across 213 different countries. Its ability to be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers has put a massive strain on the currently available testing resources. Currently, there are no clinically proven therapeutic methods that clearly inhibit the effects of this virus, and COVID-19 vaccines are still in the development phase. Strategies need to be explored to expand testing capacities, to develop effective therapeutics, and to develop safe vaccines that provide lasting immunity. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in many medical applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, imaging, and antimicrobial treatment. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus with particle-like characteristics and a diameter of 60-140 nm. Synthetic NPs can closely mimic the virus and interact strongly with its proteins due to their morphological similarities. Hence, NP-based strategies for tackling this virus have immense potential. NPs have been previously found to be effective tools against many viruses, especially against those from the Coronaviridae family. This Review outlines the role of NPs in diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccination for the other two epidemic coronaviruses, the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus and the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus. We also highlight nanomaterial-based approaches to address other coronaviruses, such as human coronaviruses (HCoVs); feline coronavirus (FCoV); avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); coronavirus models, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); and other viruses that share similarities with SARS-CoV-2. This Review combines the salient principles from previous antiviral studies with recent research conducted on SARS-CoV-2 to outline NP-based strategies that can be used to combat COVID-19 and similar pandemics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhiman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Pannaree Srinoi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Nhat Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Hung-Vu Tran
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - T. Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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