1
|
Martins de Oliveira L, Alves de Lima LV, Silva MFD, Felicidade I, Lepri SR, Mantovani MS. Disruption of caspase-independent cell proliferation pathway on spheroids (HeLa cells) treated with curcumin. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:859-870. [PMID: 37671809 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2255886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is an antiproliferative phytochemical extracted from Curcuma longa L and which has been studied in preclinical drug screening using cell monolayers and animal models. However, several limitations of these culture systems may be overcome by performing screening with three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity as well as spheroid growth using cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cell spheroids by performing RT-PCR mRNA expression of genes involved in cell death (CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, PARP1, BBC3, BIRC5, BCL2, TNF), autophagy (BECN1, SQSTM1), cell cycle regulation (TP53, C-MYC, NF-kB, CDKN1A, m-TOR, TRAF-2), DNA damage repair (H2AFX, GADD45A, GADD45G), oxidative stress (GPX1), reticulum stress (EIF2AK3, ERN1), and invasion (MMP1, MMP9) was investigated. Curcumin was cytotoxic in a concentration-dependent manner. Curcumin-treated spheroids exhibited lower proliferative recovery and cell proliferation attenuation, as observed in the clonogenic assay. Further, no marked genotoxicity was detected. Curcumin-treated spheroids displayed reduced expression of BECN1 (2.9×), CASP9 (2.1×), and PARP1 (2.1×) mRNA. PARP1 inhibition suggested disruption of essential pathways of proliferation maintenance. Downregulated expression of CASP9 mRNA and unchanged expression of CASP3/8 mRNA suggested caspase-independent cell death, whereas downregulated expression of BECN1 mRNA indicated autophagic disruption. Therefore, curcumin exhibits the potential for drug development with antiproliferative activity to be considered for use in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Martins de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luan Vitor Alves de Lima
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Felicidade
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Lepri
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dunn CM, Kameishi S, Parker T, Cho YK, Song SU, Grainger DW, Okano T. Cellular Interactions in Cell Sheets Enhance Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunomodulatory Properties. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:594-603. [PMID: 37847176 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in cell therapy seek to exploit immunomodulatory paracrine signaling pathways to reduce inflammation. A key MSC therapeutic challenge is reducing patient outcome variabilities attributed to insufficient engraftment/retention of injected heterogenous MSCs. To address this, we propose directly transplantable human single-cell-derived clonal bone marrow MSC (hcBMSC) sheets. Cell sheet technology is a scaffold-free tissue engineering strategy enabling scalable production of highly engraftable cell constructs retaining endogenous cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, important to cell function. cBMSCs, as unique MSC subset populations, facilitate rational selection of therapeutically relevant MSC clones from donors. Here, we combine human cBMSCs with cell sheet technology, demonstrating cell sheet fabrication as a method to significantly upregulate expression of immunomodulatory molecules interleukin (IL)-10, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) across GMP-grade hcBMSC lines and whole human bone marrow-derived MSCs compared to respective conventional cell suspensions. When treated with carbenoxolone, a gap junction inhibitor, cell sheets downregulate IL-10 and IDO-1 expression, implicating functional roles for intercellular sheet interactions. Beyond producing directly transferable multicellular hcBMSC constructs, cell sheet technology amplifies hcBMSC expression of immunomodulatory factors important to therapeutic action. In addition, this work demonstrates the importance of cell-cell interactions as a tissue engineering design criterion to enhance consistent MSC functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia M Dunn
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sumako Kameishi
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tavie Parker
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Sun U Song
- SCM Lifescience Co., Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - David W Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hau RK, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Drug Transport Across the Blood-Testis Barrier. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1157-1168. [PMID: 37258305 PMCID: PMC10449102 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is a selectively permeable membrane barrier formed by adjacent Sertoli cells (SCs) in the seminiferous tubules of the testes that develops intercellular junctional complexes to protect developing germ cells from external pressures. However, due to this inherent defense mechanism, the seminiferous tubule lumen can act as a pharmacological sanctuary site for latent viruses (e.g., Ebola, Zika) and cancers (e.g., leukemia). Therefore, it is critical to identify and evaluate BTB carrier-mediated drug delivery pathways to successfully treat these viruses and cancers. Many drugs are unable to effectively cross cell membranes without assistance from carrier proteins like transporters because they are large, polar, and often carry a charge at physiologic pH. SCs express transporters that selectively permit endogenous compounds, such as carnitine or nucleosides, across the BTB to support normal physiologic activity, although reproductive toxicants can also use these pathways, thereby circumventing the BTB. Certain xenobiotics, including select cancer therapeutics, antivirals, contraceptives, and environmental toxicants, are known to accumulate within the male genital tract and cause testicular toxicity; however, the transport pathways by which these compounds circumvent the BTB are largely unknown. Consequently, there is a need to identify the clinically relevant BTB transport pathways in in vitro and in vivo BTB models that recapitulate human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for these xenobiotics. This review summarizes the various in vitro and in vivo models of the BTB reported in the literature and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of certain models for drug disposition studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Drug disposition to the testes is influenced by the physical, physiological, and immunological components of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). But many compounds are known to cross the BTB by transporters, resulting in pharmacological and/or toxicological effects in the testes. Therefore, models that assess drug transport across the human BTB must adequately account for these confounding factors. This review identifies and discusses the benefits and limitations of various in vitro and in vivo BTB models for preclinical drug disposition studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Hau
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Stephen H Wright
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, (R.K.H., N.J.C.) and College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (S.H.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morse DB, Michalowski AM, Ceribelli M, De Jonghe J, Vias M, Riley D, Davies-Hill T, Voss T, Pittaluga S, Muus C, Liu J, Boyle S, Weitz DA, Brenton JD, Buenrostro JD, Knowles TPJ, Thomas CJ. Positional influence on cellular transcriptional identity revealed through spatially segmented single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Syst 2023; 14:464-481.e7. [PMID: 37348462 PMCID: PMC10424188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technique for describing cell states. Identifying the spatial arrangement of these states in tissues remains challenging, with the existing methods requiring niche methodologies and expertise. Here, we describe segmentation by exogenous perfusion (SEEP), a rapid and integrated method to link surface proximity and environment accessibility to transcriptional identity within three-dimensional (3D) disease models. The method utilizes the steady-state diffusion kinetics of a fluorescent dye to establish a gradient along the radial axis of disease models. Classification of sample layers based on dye accessibility enables dissociated and sorted cells to be characterized by transcriptomic and regional identities. Using SEEP, we analyze spheroid, organoid, and in vivo tumor models of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The results validate long-standing beliefs about the relationship between cell state and position while revealing new concepts regarding how spatially unique microenvironments influence the identity of individual cells within tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Morse
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Ave, Cambridge, UK; Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandra M Michalowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michele Ceribelli
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Maria Vias
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deanna Riley
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Davies-Hill
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ty Voss
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Muus
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Boyle
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Ave, Cambridge, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lebedenko C, Murray ME, Goncalves BG, Perez DS, Lambo DJ, Banerjee IA. Interactions of Nanoscale Self-Assembled Peptide-Based Assemblies with Glioblastoma Cell Models and Spheroids. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12124-12143. [PMID: 37033803 PMCID: PMC10077566 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Peptide nanoassemblies have garnered remarkable importance in the development of novel nanoscale biomaterials for drug delivery into tumor cells. Taking advantage of receptor mediated recognition of two known peptides, angiopep-2 (TFFYGGSRGKRNNFKTEEY) and A-COOP-K (ACGLSGLC10 VAK) that bind to the over-expressed receptors low density lipoprotein (LRP-1) and fatty acid binding protein (FABP3) respectively, we have developed new peptide conjugates by combining the anti-inflammatory, antitumor compound azelaic acid with angiopep-2, which efficiently self-assembled into nanofibers. Those nanofibers were then functionalized with the A-COOP-K sequence and formed supramolecular hierarchical structures that were found to entrap the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin efficaciously. Furthermore, the nanoassemblies were found to release the drug in a dose-dependent manner and showed a stepwise increase over a period of 2 weeks under acidic conditions. Two cell lines (U-87-MG and U-138-MG) were utilized as models for glioblastoma cells grown in the presence of serum and under serum-free conditions to mimic the growth conditions of natural tumors. The drug entrapped assemblies were found to inhibit the cell proliferation of both U-87 and U-138MG glioblastoma cells. Three dimensional spheroids of different sizes were grown to mimic the tumors and evaluate the efficacy of drug release and internalization. Our results indicated that the nanoassemblies were found to have higher internalization of DOX and were well-spread throughout the spheroids grown, particularly under serum-free conditions. The nanoassemblies also displayed blood-brain barrier penetration when tested with a multicellular in vitro model. Such self-assembled nanostructures with targeting ability may provide a suitable platform for the development of new peptide-based biomaterials that can provide more insights about the mechanistic approach for drug delivery for not only 2D cell cultures but also 3D tumoroids that mimic the tumor microenvironments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rapid generation of homogenous tumor spheroid microtissues in a scaffold-free platform for high-throughput screening of a novel combination nanomedicine. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282064. [PMID: 36800370 PMCID: PMC9937506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination nanomedicine is a potent strategy for cancer treatment. Exploiting different mechanisms of action, a novel triple drug delivery system of 5-fluorouracil, curcumin, and piperine co-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (5FU-CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs) was developed via the self-assembly method for suppressing breast tumor. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs were successfully encapsulated in the HSA NPs with a high drug loading efficiency (DLE) of 10%. Successful clinical translation of nanomedicines, however, is a challenging process requiring considerable preclinical in vitro and in vivo animal tests. The aim of this study was to develop a homemade preclinical 3D culture model in the standard 96-well plates in a cost and time-effective novel approach for the rapid generation of homogenous compact tumor spheroids for disease modeling, and anticancer therapeutic/nanomedicine screening. The knowledge of drug screening can be enhanced by employing such a model in a high-throughput manner. Accordingly, to validate the formulated drug delivery system and investigate the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity effect of the nanoformulation, 3D tumor spheroids were employed. The practicality of the nanomedicine system was substantiated in different tests. The in vitro uptake of the NPs into the tight 3D tumor spheroids was facilitated by the semi-spherical shape of the NPs with a proper size and surface charge. 5FU-CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs demonstrated high potency of migration inhibition as a part of successful anti-metastatic therapy as well. The remarkable differences in 2D and 3D cytotoxicities emphasize the importance of employing 3D tumor models as an intermediate step prior to in vivo animal experiments for drug/nanomedicine screening.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hausig-Punke F, Richter F, Hoernke M, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tracking the Endosomal Escape: A Closer Look at Calcein and Related Reporters. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200167. [PMID: 35933579 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crossing the cellular membrane and delivering active pharmaceuticals or biologicals into the cytosol of cells is an essential step in the development of nanomedicines. One of the most important intracellular processes regarding the cellular uptake of biologicals is the endolysosomal pathway. Sophisticated nanocarriers have been developed overcoming a major hurdle, the endosomal entrapment, and delivering their cargo to the required site of action. In parallel, in vitro assays have been established analyzing the performance of these nanocarriers. Among them, the release of the membrane-impermeable dye calcein has become a popular and straightforward method. It is accessible for most researchers worldwide, allows for rapid conclusions about the release potential, and enables the study of release mechanisms. This review is intended to provide an overview and guidance for scientists applying the calcein release assay. It comprises a survey of several applications in the study of endosomal escape, considerations of potential pitfalls, challenges and limitations of the assay, and a brief summary of complementary methods. Based on this review, we hope to encourage further research groups to take advantage of the calcein release assay for their own purposes and help to create a database for more efficient cross-correlations between nanocarriers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hausig-Punke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, 79104, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
An ensemble of in vitro cardiac tissue models has been developed over the past several decades to aid our understanding of complex cardiovascular disorders using a reductionist approach. These approaches often rely on recapitulating single or multiple clinically relevant end points in a dish indicative of the cardiac pathophysiology. The possibility to generate disease-relevant and patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells has further leveraged the utility of the cardiac models as screening tools at a large scale. To elucidate biological mechanisms in the cardiac models, it is critical to integrate physiological cues in form of biochemical, biophysical, and electromechanical stimuli to achieve desired tissue-like maturity for a robust phenotyping. Here, we review the latest advances in the directed stem cell differentiation approaches to derive a wide gamut of cardiovascular cell types, to allow customization in cardiac model systems, and to study diseased states in multiple cell types. We also highlight the recent progress in the development of several cardiovascular models, such as cardiac organoids, microtissues, engineered heart tissues, and microphysiological systems. We further expand our discussion on defining the context of use for the selection of currently available cardiac tissue models. Last, we discuss the limitations and challenges with the current state-of-the-art cardiac models and highlight future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Thomas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.)
| | - Suji Choi
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA (S.C., K.K.P.)
| | - Christina Alamana
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.)
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA (S.C., K.K.P.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA (K.K.P.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (D.T., C.A., J.C.W.).,Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA (J.C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Casanellas I, Lagunas A, Vida Y, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Rodríguez-Pereira C, Magalhaes J, Andrades JA, Becerra J, Samitier J. Nanoscale ligand density modulates gap junction intercellular communication of cell condensates during chondrogenesis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:775-791. [PMID: 35642556 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To unveil the influence of cell-matrix adhesions in the establishment of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) during cell condensation in chondrogenesis. Materials & methods: Previously developed nanopatterns of the cell adhesive ligand arginine-glycine-aspartic acid were used as cell culture substrates to control cell adhesion at the nanoscale. In vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells was conducted on the nanopatterns. Cohesion and GJIC were evaluated in cell condensates. Results: Mechanical stability and GJIC are enhanced by a nanopattern configuration in which 90% of the surface area presents adhesion sites separated less than 70 nm, thus providing an onset for cell signaling. Conclusion: Cell-matrix adhesions regulate GJIC of mesenchymal cell condensates during in vitro chondrogenesis from a threshold configuration at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Casanellas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Department of Electronics & Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB). c/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pereira
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC). c/Xubias de Arriba, 84, A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC). c/Xubias de Arriba, 84, A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - José A Andrades
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics & Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). Av. Cervantes, 2, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - José Becerra
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics & Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). Av. Cervantes, 2, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Department of Electronics & Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB). c/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thege FI, Cardle II, Gruber CN, Siemann MJ, Cong S, Wittmann K, Love J, Kirby BJ. Acquired chemoresistance drives spatial heterogeneity, chemoprotection and collective migration in pancreatic tumor spheroids. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267882. [PMID: 35617275 PMCID: PMC9135276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors display rich cellular heterogeneity and typically consist of multiple co-existing clones with distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy has been shown to contribute to the development of aggressive cancer traits, such as increased migration, invasion and stemness. It has been hypothesized that collective cellular behavior and cooperation of cancer cell populations may directly contribute to disease progression and lack of response to treatment. Here we show that the spontaneous emergence of chemoresistance in a cancer cell population exposed to the selective pressure of a chemotherapeutic agent can result in the emergence of collective cell behavior, including cell-sorting, chemoprotection and collective migration. We derived several gemcitabine resistant subclones from the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 and determined that the observed chemoresistance was driven of a focal amplification of the chr11p15.4 genomic region, resulting in over-expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit RRM1. Interestingly, these subclones display a rich cell-sorting behavior when cultured as mixed tumor spheroids. Furthermore, we show that chemoresistant cells are able to exert a chemoprotective effect on non-resistant cells in spheroid co-culture, whereas no protective effect is seen in conventional 2D culture. We also demonstrate that the co-culture of resistant and non-resistant cells leads to collective migration where resistant cells enable migration of otherwise non-migratory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian I. Cardle
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Conor N. Gruber
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Megan J. Siemann
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sophie Cong
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Justin Love
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Kirby
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zamora-Perez P, Xiao C, Sanles-Sobrido M, Rovira-Esteva M, Conesa JJ, Mulens-Arias V, Jaque D, Rivera-Gil P. Multiphoton imaging of melanoma 3D models with plasmonic nanocapsules. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:308-319. [PMID: 35104657 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of plasmonic nanocapsules and the cellular responses they induce in 3D melanoma models for their perspective use as a photothermal therapeutic agent. The wall of the nanocapsules is composed of polyelectrolytes. The inner part is functionalized with discrete gold nanoislands. The cavity of the nanocapsules contains a fluorescent payload to show their ability for loading a cargo. The nanocapsules exhibit simultaneous two-photon luminescent, fluorescent properties and X-ray contrasting ability. The average fluorescence lifetime (τ) of the nanocapsules measured with FLIM (0.3 ns) is maintained regardless of the intracellular environment, thus proving their abilities for bioimaging of models such as 3D spheroids with a complex architecture. Their multimodal imaging properties are exploited for the first time to study tumorspheres cellular responses exposed to the nanocapsules. Specifically, we studied cellular uptake, toxicity, intracellular fate, generation of reactive oxygen species, and effect on the levels of hypoxia by using multi-photon and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Because of the high X-ray attenuation and atomic number of the gold nanostructure, we imaged the nanocapsule-cell interactions without processing the sample. We confirmed maintenance of the nanocapsules' geometry in the intracellular milieu with no impairment of the cellular ultrastructure. Furthermore, we observed the lack of cellular toxicity and no alteration in oxygen or reactive oxygen species levels. These results in 3D melanoma models contribute to the development of these nanocapsules for their exploitation in future applications as agents for imaging-guided photothermal therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The novelty of the work is that our plasmonic nanocapsules are multimodal. They are responsive to X-ray and to multiphoton and single-photon excitation. This allowed us to study their interaction with 2D and 3D cellular structures and specifically to obtain information on tumor cell parameters such as hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, and toxicity. These nanocapsules will be further validated as imaging-guided photothermal probes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bednarczyk E, Lu Y, Paini A, Batista Leite S, van Grunsven LA, Worth A, Whelan M. Extension of the Virtual Cell Based Assay from a 2-D to a 3-D Cell Culture Model. Altern Lab Anim 2022; 50:45-56. [PMID: 35238679 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of chemical toxicity is very useful in risk assessment. With the current paradigm shift towards the use of in vitro and in silico systems, we present herein a theoretical mathematical description of a quasi-diffusion process to predict chemical concentrations in 3-D spheroid cell cultures. By extending a 2-D Virtual Cell Based Assay (VCBA) model into a 3-D spheroid cell model, we assume that cells are arranged in a series of concentric layers within the sphere. We formulate the chemical quasi-diffusion process by simplifying the spheroid with respect to the number of cells in each layer. The system was calibrated and tested with acetaminophen (APAP). Simulated predictions of APAP toxicity were compared with empirical data from in vitro measurements by using a 3-D spheroid model. The results of this first attempt to extend the VCBA model are promising - they show that the VCBA model simulates close correlation between the influence of compound concentration and the viability of the HepaRG 3-D cell culture. The 3-D VCBA model provides a complement to current in vitro procedures to refine experimental setups, to fill data gaps and help in the interpretation of in vitro data for the purposes of risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bednarczyk
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Yanfei Lu
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Maurice Whelan
- European Commission, 49566Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ip BC, Leary E, Knorlein B, Reich D, Van V, Manning J, Morgan JR. 3D Microtissues Mimic the Architecture, Estradiol Synthesis, and Gap Junction Intercellular Communication of the Avascular Granulosa. Toxicol Sci 2022; 186:29-42. [PMID: 34935973 PMCID: PMC9019838 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are consistently exposed to thousands of untested chemicals that have been detected in the follicular fluid of the ovaries, and can disrupt reproductive health. Human granulosa cells (GCs) are the functional unit of the ovarian follicle with steroidogenic and signaling activities, and play a pivotal role in oocyte development. During follicle progression, GCs multiply to form a 3D avascular structure, and establish gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) that is critical to maintaining optimal viability and function. We developed a high-throughput in vitro platform of human GCs for the screening of chemicals that can impact GJIC and estradiol (E2) production of human granulosa. Our granulosa 3D microtissues fabricated with human ovarian granulosa-like tumor KGN cells are multicell-layered structures that mimic the avascular granulosa layers surrounding the oocyte. These microtissues robustly expressed the steroidogenic CYP19 aromatase enzyme and GJIC intercellular membrane channel, connexin 43. Granulosa microtissues produced E2 at rates comparable to primary human GCs as previously reported. E2 production was suppressed by the CYP19 inhibitor, letrozole, and induced by CYP19 activators, bisphenol A at 100 µM, and genistein at 100 µM. Granulosa microtissues displayed active GJIC function, as demonstrated by the connexin 43-dependent diffusion of calcein fluorescent dye from microtissue surface to the core using high-throughput confocal microscopy in conjunction with our open-sourced automated image analysis tool. Overall, our 3D human granulosa screening platform is highly promising for predictive and efficient in vitro toxicity testing to screen for chemicals that contaminate follicular fluid and may affect fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanche C Ip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Center for Alternatives to Animals in Testing, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Elizabeth Leary
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Benjamin Knorlein
- Center for Alternatives to Animals in Testing, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - David Reich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Vivian Van
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Joshua Manning
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Center for Alternatives to Animals in Testing, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Center for Alternatives to Animals in Testing, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morimoto N, Ota K, Miura Y, Shin H, Yamamoto M. Sulfobetaine polymers for effective permeability into multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2649-2660. [PMID: 35024722 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) are attractive for drug screening before animal tests because they emulate an in vivo microenvironment. The permeability of the MCTSs and tumor tissues towards the candidate drugs is not sufficient even though the drugs can penetrate monolayer cultured cells; therefore, nanocarriers are required to enhance permeability and deliver drugs. In this study, we prepared zwitterionic polymers of sulfobetaine methacrylates and (meth)acrylamides with or without hydroxy groups between the zwitterions to serve as highly permeable nanocarriers. In the sulfobetaine polymers, poly(2-hydroxy-3-((3-methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate), P(OH-MAAmSB), the hydroxy group containing methacrylamide polymer exhibited little cytotoxicity and membrane translocation ability against monolayer cultured cells. Moreover, the excellent permeability of the hepatocyte MCTS enabled P(OH-MAAmSB) to permeate it and reach the center region (∼325 μm in diameter) at approximately 150 s, although poly(trimethyl-2-methacroyloxyethylammonium), a cationic polymer, penetrated just 1 to 2 layers from the periphery. The superior permeability of P(OH-MAAmSB) might be due to its good solubility and side chain conformation. P(OH-MAAmSB) is a promising nanocarrier with membrane translocation and permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Morimoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Ota
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Yuki Miura
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-12 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahmed-Cox A, Pandzic E, Johnston ST, Heu C, McGhee J, Mansfeld FM, Crampin EJ, Davis TP, Whan RM, Kavallaris M. Spatio-temporal analysis of nanoparticles in live tumor spheroids impacted by cell origin and density. J Control Release 2021; 341:661-675. [PMID: 34915071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles hold great preclinical promise in cancer therapy but continue to suffer attrition through clinical trials. Advanced, three dimensional (3D) cellular models such as tumor spheroids can recapitulate elements of the tumor environment and are considered the superior model to evaluate nanoparticle designs. However, there is an important need to better understand nanoparticle penetration kinetics and determine how different cell characteristics may influence this nanoparticle uptake. A key challenge with current approaches for measuring nanoparticle accumulation in spheroids is that they are often static, losing spatial and temporal information which may be necessary for effective nanoparticle evaluation in 3D cell models. To overcome this challenge, we developed an analysis platform, termed the Determination of Nanoparticle Uptake in Tumor Spheroids (DONUTS), which retains spatial and temporal information during quantification, enabling evaluation of nanoparticle uptake in 3D tumor spheroids. Outperforming linear profiling methods, DONUTS was able to measure silica nanoparticle uptake to 10 μm accuracy in both isotropic and irregularly shaped cancer cell spheroids. This was then extended to determine penetration kinetics, first by a forward-in-time, center-in-space model, and then by mathematical modelling, which enabled the direct evaluation of nanoparticle penetration kinetics in different spheroid models. Nanoparticle uptake was shown to inversely relate to particle size and varied depending on the cell type, cell stiffness and density of the spheroid model. The automated analysis method we have developed can be applied to live spheroids in situ, for the advanced evaluation of nanoparticles as delivery agents in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aria Ahmed-Cox
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Stuart T Johnston
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Celine Heu
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - John McGhee
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; 3D Visualisation Aesthetics Lab, UNSW Art & Design, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia
| | - Friederike M Mansfeld
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Precision Medicine, Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, QLD, 40679, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boodaghi M, Libring S, Solorio L, Ardekani AM. A Bayesian approach to estimate the diffusion coefficient of Rhodamine 6G in breast cancer spheroids. J Control Release 2021; 340:60-71. [PMID: 34634388 PMCID: PMC8671317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids have emerged as a robust platform to model tumor growth and are widely used for studying drug sensitivity. Diffusion is the main mechanism for transporting nutrients and chemotherapeutic drugs into spheroids, since they are typically avascular. In this study, the Bayesian inference was used to solve the inverse problem of determining the light attenuation coefficient and diffusion coefficient of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in breast cancer spheroids, as a mock drug for the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Neratinib. Four types of breast cancer spheroids were formed and the diffusion coefficient was estimated assuming a linear relationship between the intensity and concentration. The mathematical model used for prediction is the solution to the diffusion problem in spherical coordinates, accounting for the light attenuation. The Gaussian likelihood was used to account for the error between the measurements and model predictions. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm (MCMC) was used to sample from the posterior. The posterior predictions for the diffusion and light attenuation coefficients were provided. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficient values do not significantly vary across a HER2+ breast cancer cell line as a function of transglutaminase 2 levels, even in the presence of fibroblast cells. However, we demonstrate that different diffusion coefficient values can be ascertained from tumorigenic compared to nontumorigenic spheroids and from nonmetastatic compared to post-metastatic breast cancer cells using this approach. We also report agreement between spheroid radius, attenuation coefficient, and subsequent diffusion coefficient to give evidence of cell packing in self-assembled spheroids. The methodology presented here will allow researchers to determine diffusion in spheroids to decouple transport and drug penetration changes from biological resistivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miad Boodaghi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Darrigues E, Zhao EH, De Loose A, Lee MP, Borrelli MJ, Eoff RL, Galileo DS, Penthala NR, Crooks PA, Rodriguez A. Biobanked Glioblastoma Patient-Derived Organoids as a Precision Medicine Model to Study Inhibition of Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910720. [PMID: 34639060 PMCID: PMC8509225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to treatment and invasion into the surrounding brain is a cancer hallmark that leads to recurrence despite surgical resection. With the emergence of precision medicine, patient-derived 3D systems are considered potentially robust GBM preclinical models. In this study, we screened a library of 22 anti-invasive compounds (i.e., NF-kB, GSK-3-B, COX-2, and tubulin inhibitors) using glioblastoma U-251 MG cell spheroids. We evaluated toxicity and invasion inhibition using a 3D Matrigel invasion assay. We next selected three compounds that inhibited invasion and screened them in patient-derived glioblastoma organoids (GBOs). We developed a platform using available macros for FIJI/ImageJ to quantify invasion from the outer margin of organoids. Our data demonstrated that a high-throughput invasion screening can be done using both an established cell line and patient-derived 3D model systems. Tubulin inhibitor compounds had the best efficacy with U-251 MG cells, however, in ex vivo patient organoids the results were highly variable. Our results indicate that the efficacy of compounds is highly related to patient intra and inter-tumor heterogeneity. These results indicate that such models can be used to evaluate personal oncology therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Darrigues
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Edward H. Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Annick De Loose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Madison P. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Michael J. Borrelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Robert L. Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Deni S. Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Narsimha R. Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.R.P.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.R.P.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (E.D.); (E.H.Z.); (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hill L, Bruns J, Zustiak SP. Hydrogel matrix presence and composition influence drug responses of encapsulated glioblastoma spheroids. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:437-447. [PMID: 34010694 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with median patient survival of 12-15 months. To facilitate treatment development, bioengineered GBM models that adequately recapitulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment are needed. Matrix-encapsulated multicellular spheroids represent such model because they recapitulate solid tumor characteristics, such as dimensionality, cell-cell, and cell-matrix interactions. Yet, there is no consensus as to which matrix properties are key to improving the predictive capacity of spheroid-based drug screening platforms. We used a hydrogel-encapsulated GBM spheroid model, where matrix properties were independently altered to investigate their effect on GBM spheroid characteristics and drug responsiveness. We focused on hydrogel degradability, tuned via enzymatically degradable crosslinkers, and hydrogel adhesiveness, tuned via integrin ligands. We observed increased cellular infiltration of GBM spheroids and increased resistance to temozolomide in degradable, adhesive hydrogels compared to spheroids in non-degradable, non-adhesive hydrogels or to free-floating spheroids. Further, a higher infiltration index was noted for spheroids in adhesive compared to non-adhesive degradable hydrogels. For spheroids in degradable hydrogels, we determined that infiltrating cells were more susceptible to temozolomide compared to cells in the spheroid core. The temozolomide susceptibility of the infiltrating cells was independent of integrin adhesion. We could not attribute differential drug responses to differential cellular proliferation or to limited drug penetration into the hydrogel matrix. Our results suggest that cell-matrix interactions guide GBM spheroid drug responsiveness and that further elucidation of these interactions could enable the engineering of more predictive drug screening platforms. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) multicellular spheroids hold promise for drug screening and development as they better mimic in vivo cellular responses to therapeutics compared to monolayer cultures. Traditional spheroid models lack an external extracellular matrix (ECM) and fail to mimic the mechanical, physical, and biochemical cues seen in the GBM microenvironment. While embedding spheroids in hydrogel matrices has been shown to better recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, there is still limited understanding as to the key matrix properties that govern spheroid responsiveness to drugs. Here we decoupled and independently altered matrix properties such as degradability, via an enzymatically degradable peptide crosslinker, and cell adhesion, via an adhesive ligand, giving further insight into what matrix properties contribute to GBM chemoresistance.
Collapse
|
19
|
A predictive in vitro risk assessment platform for pro-arrhythmic toxicity using human 3D cardiac microtissues. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10228. [PMID: 33986332 PMCID: PMC8119415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity of pharmaceutical drugs, industrial chemicals, and environmental toxicants can be severe, even life threatening, which necessitates a thorough evaluation of the human response to chemical compounds. Predicting risks for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death accurately is critical for defining safety profiles. Currently available approaches have limitations including a focus on single select ion channels, the use of non-human species in vitro and in vivo, and limited direct physiological translation. We have advanced the robustness and reproducibility of in vitro platforms for assessing pro-arrhythmic cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac fibroblasts in 3-dimensional microtissues. Using automated algorithms and statistical analyses of eight comprehensive evaluation metrics of cardiac action potentials, we demonstrate that tissue-engineered human cardiac microtissues respond appropriately to physiological stimuli and effectively differentiate between high-risk and low-risk compounds exhibiting blockade of the hERG channel (E4031 and ranolazine, respectively). Further, we show that the environmental endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol-A (BPA) causes acute and sensitive disruption of human action potentials in the nanomolar range. Thus, this novel human 3D in vitro pro-arrhythmic risk assessment platform addresses critical needs in cardiotoxicity testing for both environmental and pharmaceutical compounds and can be leveraged to establish safe human exposure levels.
Collapse
|
20
|
Costa MHG, Serra J, McDevitt TC, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL, Ferreira FC. Dimethyloxalylglycine, a small molecule, synergistically increases the homing and angiogenic properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells when cultured as 3D spheroids. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000389. [PMID: 33471965 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Strategies aiming at increasing the survival and paracrine activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are of utmost importance to achieve the full therapeutic potential of these cells. Herein, we propose both physical and biochemical strategies to enhance the survival, homing, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in vitro. To that purpose, we compared the effect of exposing either 2D monolayer or 3D spheroids of MSCs to (i) hypoxia (2% O2 ) or to (ii) a hypoxic-mimetic small molecule, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), with cells cultured at 21% O2 . 3D-cultured MSC spheroids evidenced higher survival upon exposure to oxidative stress and expressed higher levels of factors involved in tissue repair processes, namely tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor. MSCs cultured as 3D spheroids and further exposed to hypoxia or hypoxic-mimetic conditions provided by DMOG synergistically favored the expression of the cell surface marker C-X-C chemokine receptor type-4, involved in homing processes to injured tissues, and adhesion to extracellular matrix components as fibronectin. These results highlight the role of ex vivo preconditioning approaches, presenting a novel strategy that combine biochemical stimuli with 3D spheroid organization of MSCs to maximize their tissue regeneration potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta H G Costa
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Serra
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Khera E, Cilliers C, Smith MD, Ganno ML, Lai KC, Keating TA, Kopp A, Nessler I, Abu-Yousif AO, Thurber GM. Quantifying ADC bystander payload penetration with cellular resolution using pharmacodynamic mapping. Neoplasia 2020; 23:210-221. [PMID: 33385970 PMCID: PMC7779838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent approval of 3 new antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) for solid tumors, this class of drugs is gaining momentum for the targeted treatment of cancer. Despite significant investment, there are still fundamental issues that are incompletely understood. Three of the recently approved ADCs contain payloads exhibiting bystander effects, where the payload can diffuse out of a targeted cell into adjacent cells. These effects are often studied using a mosaic of antigen positive and negative cells. However, the distance these payloads can diffuse in tumor tissue while maintaining a lethal concentration is unclear. Computational studies suggest bystander effects partially compensate for ADC heterogeneity in tumors in addition to targeting antigen negative cells. However, this type of study is challenging to conduct experimentally due to the low concentrations of extremely potent payloads. In this work, we use a series of 3-dimensional cell culture and primary human tumor xenograft studies to directly track fluorescently labeled ADCs and indirectly follow the payload via an established pharmacodynamic marker (γH2A. X). Using TAK-164, an anti-GCC ADC undergoing clinical evaluation, we show that the lipophilic DNA-alkylating payload, DGN549, penetrates beyond the cell targeted layer in GCC-positive tumor spheroids and primary human tumor xenograft models. The penetration distance is similar to model predictions, where the lipophilicity results in moderate tissue penetration, thereby balancing improved tissue penetration with sufficient cellular uptake to avoid significant washout. These results aid in mechanistic understanding of the interplay between antigen heterogeneity, bystander effects, and heterogeneous delivery of ADCs in the tumor microenvironment to design clinically effective therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Khera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cornelius Cilliers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Kopp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian Nessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Greg M Thurber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Heo CE, Hong A, Kim M, Lee JW, Chae SY, Sung KW, Lee JW, Heo SW, Kim HI. Probing drug delivery and mechanisms of action in 3D spheroid cells by quantitative analysis. Analyst 2020; 145:7687-7694. [PMID: 32975245 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01518k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human tumor cells in a 3-dimensional (3D) spheroid can reflect the characteristics of solid tumors by forming cell-cell interactions and microenvironments. This makes 3D cell culture useful for preclinical stability and drug efficacy tests. In this study, the drug delivery and action mechanisms in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells cultured in 3D spheroids were quantitatively compared to those cultured in 2D monolayers using confocal microscopy imaging and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In the 3D spheroids, cisplatin only accessed the surface, accumulating in the cells on the spheroid exterior. As a result, an increased cellular amount of cisplatin was required to obtain similar cytotoxicity in the 3D spheroid cells to that in 2D monolayers. The mechanisms of reduction of drug efficacy by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the 3D spheroid cells compared to those in the 2D monolayer cells were further investigated. DMSO reduced the drug cytotoxicity by forming stable DMSO-substituted compounds that inhibited the cellular uptake of cisplatin and DNA-Pt adduct formation. The quantitative analysis used in this study is promising for understanding drug delivery and drug action mechanisms in cells in various microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Foglietta F, Canaparo R, Muccioli G, Terreno E, Serpe L. Methodological aspects and pharmacological applications of three-dimensional cancer cell cultures and organoids. Life Sci 2020; 254:117784. [PMID: 32416169 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, in which cells grow in flat layers on plastic surfaces, are considered the standard model for use in drug screening and for biological assays. However, these models do not accurately represent in vivo cell organization due to a lack in cell-cell/matrix interactions and in tissue and microenvironment structure. For that reason, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been introduced as an innovative platform in recent years, allowing cells to grow and interact with each other in all three dimensions thanks to an artificial environment. In a 3D model cells show more interesting aspects from a physiological point of view, demonstrating several improvements in viability, morphology, proliferation and differentiations, response to external and internal stimuli, drug metabolism and efficacy and in vivo relevance. This review explores recent techniques in the development of 3D cell models with a particular focus on their application from a pharmacological point of view, starting from the concept of spheroid models generated by scaffold-free or scaffold-based techniques. Finally, special attention is paid to the concept of organoids, 3D constructs that replicate the 3D architecture of intact organs and the technology involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giampiero Muccioli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Johnson J, Sharick JT, Skala MC, Li L. Sample preparation strategies for high-throughput mass spectrometry imaging of primary tumor organoids. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4452. [PMID: 31661714 PMCID: PMC7254934 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived 3D organoids show great promise for understanding patient heterogeneity and chemotherapy response in human-derived tissue. The combination of organoid culture techniques with mass spectrometry imaging provides a label-free methodology for characterizing drug penetration, patient-specific response, and drug biotransformation. However, current methods used to grow tumor organoids employ extracellular matrices that can produce small molecule background signal during mass spectrometry imaging analysis. Here, we develop a method to isolate 3D human tumor organoids out of a Matrigel extracellular matrix into gelatin mass spectrometry compatible microarrays for high-throughput mass spectrometry imaging analysis. The alignment of multiple organoids in the same z-axis is essential for sectioning organoids together and for maintaining reproducible sample preparation on a single glass slide for up to hundreds of organoids. This method successfully removes organoids from extracellular matrix interference and provides an organized array for high-throughput imaging analysis to easily identify organoids by eye for area selection and further analysis. With this method, mass spectrometry imaging can be readily applied to organoid systems for preclinical drug development and personalized medicine research initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Lingjun Li (), Phone: 608-265-8491, Fax: 608-262-5345
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Azharuddin M, Roberg K, Dhara AK, Jain MV, Darcy P, Hinkula J, Slater NKH, Patra HK. Dissecting multi drug resistance in head and neck cancer cells using multicellular tumor spheroids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20066. [PMID: 31882620 PMCID: PMC6934860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancers is their ability to develop resistance against therapeutic agents. Therefore, developing effective in vitro strategies to identify drug resistance remains of paramount importance for successful treatment. One of the ways cancer cells achieve drug resistance is through the expression of efflux pumps that actively pump drugs out of the cells. To date, several studies have investigated the potential of using 3-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCSs) to assess drug resistance; however, a unified system that uses MCSs to differentiate between multi drug resistance (MDR) and non-MDR cells does not yet exist. In the present report we describe MCSs obtained from post-diagnosed, pre-treated patient-derived (PTPD) cell lines from head and neck squamous cancer cells (HNSCC) that often develop resistance to therapy. We employed an integrated approach combining response to clinical drugs and screening cytotoxicity, monitoring real-time drug uptake, and assessing transporter activity using flow cytometry in the presence and absence of their respective specific inhibitors. The report shows a comparative response to MDR, drug efflux capability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity to assess the resistance profile of PTPD MCSs and two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures of the same set of cell lines. We show that MCSs provide a robust and reliable in vitro model to evaluate clinical relevance. Our proposed strategy can also be clinically applicable for profiling drug resistance in cancers with unknown resistance profiles, which consequently can indicate benefit from downstream therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azharuddin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Roberg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Östergötland, Sweden.
| | - Ashis Kumar Dhara
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Mayur Vilas Jain
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Padraig Darcy
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH), Division of Drug Research (LÄFO), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Krewski D, Andersen ME, Tyshenko MG, Krishnan K, Hartung T, Boekelheide K, Wambaugh JF, Jones D, Whelan M, Thomas R, Yauk C, Barton-Maclaren T, Cote I. Toxicity testing in the 21st century: progress in the past decade and future perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
27
|
Kalaydina RV, Zhou H, Markvicheva E, Burov SV, Zulkernine F, Szewczuk MR. Impact of Fucosylation on Self-Assembly of Prostate and Breast Tumor Spheroids by Using Cyclo-RGDfK(TPP) Peptide and Image Object Detection. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11153-11173. [PMID: 31908483 PMCID: PMC6927495 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Core fucosylation of N-glycans on the integrin β1 subunit is essential for the functional activity of the integrin. The binding of α5β1 integrin with the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif within the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin may be influenced by the α-1,6-fucose core or α-1,2-fucose and α-1,3/4-fucose peripheral N-glycan profiles. Here, we investigated whether fucosylation impacts the formation of matrix-free 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) from human triple negative breast MDA-MB231 cell line, prostate PC3 and DU145 cell lines and DU145 gemcitabine resistant (GemR) variant by using the cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys peptide modified with 4-carboxybutyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide (cyclo-RGDfK(TPP)) peptide method. Methods Microscopic imaging, lectin histochemistry, flow cytometry, WST-1 cell viability assay and You Only Look Once version 2 (YOLOv2) training object detection using cyclic learning rates were used to evaluate the formation of MCTS, morphologic changes, and the expression levels of α-1,6-fucose and α-1,2-fucose linkages on the cell surface. Results DU145 prostate cancer cells expressed higher α-1,6-fucose than α-1,2-fucose linkages on their cell surface, as determined by lectin cytochemistry and flow cytometry. Blockage of the α-1,6- and α-1,2-fucose linkages with Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) and Ulex Europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I) one hour before the addition of cyclic-RGDfK(TPP) peptide to the monolayer of the cancer cells resulted in a statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in spheroid volumes using threshold diameters of 40 and 60 µm. Application of a 40 µm threshold diameter measurements of spheroids resulted in fewer false-positive ones compared to the 60 µm diameter threshold previously used in our studies. A state-of-the-art, image object detection system YOLOv2 was used to automate the analysis of spheroid measurements and volumes. The results showed that YOLOv2 corroborated manual spheroid detection and volume measurements with high precision and accuracy. Conclusion For the first time, the findings demonstrate that α-1,6- and α-1,2-fucose linkages of N-glycans on the cell surface receptors facilitate cyclo-RGDfK(TPP)-mediated self-assembly of cancer cells to form 3D multicellular tumor spheroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hedi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Markvicheva
- Biomedical Materials Laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Burov
- Laboratory of Novel Peptide Therapeutics, Cytomed J.S.Co., St-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Grist SM, Nasseri SS, Laplatine L, Schmok JC, Yao D, Hua J, Chrostowski L, Cheung KC. Long-term monitoring in a microfluidic system to study tumour spheroid response to chronic and cycling hypoxia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17782. [PMID: 31780697 PMCID: PMC6883080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the application of a microfluidic platform combining spatiotemporal oxygen control and long-term microscopy monitoring to observe tumour spheroid response to hypoxia. The platform is capable of recreating physiologically-relevant low and cycling oxygen levels not attainable in traditional cell culture environments, while image-based monitoring visualizes cell response to these physiologically-relevant conditions. Monitoring spheroid cultures during hypoxic exposure allows us to observe, for the first time, that spheroids swell and shrink in response to time-varying oxygen profiles switching between 0% and 10% O2; this swelling-shrinkage behaviour appears to be driven by swelling of individual cells within the spheroids. We also apply the system to monitoring tumour models during anticancer treatment under varying oxygen conditions. We observe higher uptake of the anticancer agent doxorubicin under a cycling hypoxia profile than under either chronic hypoxia or in vitro normoxia, and the two-photon microscopy monitoring facilitated by our system also allows us to observe heterogeneity in doxorubicin uptake within spheroids at the single-cell level. Combining optical sectioning microscopy with precise spatiotemporal oxygen control and 3D culture opens the door for a wide range of future studies on microenvironmental mechanisms driving cancer progression and resistance to anticancer therapy. These types of studies could facilitate future improvements in cancer diagnostics and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Grist
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - S Soroush Nasseri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Loïc Laplatine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Schmok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dickson Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Hua
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lukas Chrostowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Karen C Cheung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Eggleston W, Palmer R, Dubé PA, Thornton S, Stolbach A, Calello DP, Marraffa JM. Loperamide toxicity: recommendations for patient monitoring and management. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019; 58:355-359. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2019.1681443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Eggleston
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Upstate Medical University, Upstate New York Poison Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Pierre-André Dubé
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen Thornton
- Emergency Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Poison Control Center, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andrew Stolbach
- Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diane P Calello
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Jersey Poison Information and Education System, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jeanna M Marraffa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Upstate Medical University, Upstate New York Poison Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Karolak A, Poonja S, Rejniak KA. Morphophenotypic classification of tumor organoids as an indicator of drug exposure and penetration potential. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007214. [PMID: 31310602 PMCID: PMC6660094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of tumor progression is driven by multiple factors, which can be exogenous to the tumor (microenvironment) or intrinsic (genetic, epigenetic or due to intercellular interactions). While tumor heterogeneity has been extensively studied on the level of cell genetic profiles or cellular composition, tumor morphological diversity has not been given as much attention. The limited analysis of tumor morphophenotypes may be attributed to the lack of accurate models, both experimental and computational, capable of capturing changes in tumor morphology with fine levels of spatial detail. Using a three-dimensional, agent-based, lattice-free computational model, we generated a library of multicellular tumor organoids, the experimental analogues of in vivo tumors. By varying three biologically relevant parameters-cell radius, cell division age and cell sensitivity to contact inhibition, we showed that tumor organoids with similar growth dynamics can express distinct morphologies and possess diverse cellular compositions. Taking advantage of the high-resolution of computational modeling, we applied the quantitative measures of compactness and accessible surface area, concepts that originated from the structural biology of proteins. Based on these analyses, we demonstrated that tumor organoids with similar sizes may differ in features associated with drug effectiveness, such as potential exposure to the drug or the extent of drug penetration. Both these characteristics might lead to major differences in tumor organoid's response to therapy. This indicates that therapeutic protocols should not be based solely on tumor size, but take into account additional tumor features, such as their morphology or cellular packing density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Karolak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Sharan Poonja
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Katarzyna A. Rejniak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weng Q, Zhou L, Xia L, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Li F, Li Q. In vitro evaluation of FL118 and 9-Q20 cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in 2D and 3D different cell models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:527-537. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
32
|
Effect of Spheroidal Age on Sorafenib Diffusivity and Toxicity in a 3D HepG2 Spheroid Model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4863. [PMID: 30890741 PMCID: PMC6425026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced predictive power of 3D multi-cellular spheroids in comparison to conventional monolayer cultures makes them a promising drug screening tool. However, clinical translation for pharmacology and toxicology is lagging its technological progression. Even though spheroids show a biological complexity resembling native tissue, standardization and validation of drug screening protocols are influenced by continuously changing physiological parameters during spheroid formation. Such cellular heterogeneities impede the comparability of drug efficacy studies and toxicological screenings. In this paper, we demonstrated that aside from already well-established physiological parameters, spheroidal age is an additional critical parameter that impacts drug diffusivity and toxicity in 3D cell culture models. HepG2 spheroids were generated and maintained on a self-assembled ultra-low attachment nanobiointerface and characterized regarding time-dependent changes in morphology, functionality as well as anti-cancer drug resistance. We demonstrated that spheroidal aging directly influences drug response due to the evolution of spheroid micro-structure and organo-typic functions, that alter inward diffusion, thus drug uptake.
Collapse
|
33
|
Dhanwal V, Katoch A, Singh A, Chakraborty S, Faheem MM, Kaur G, Nayak D, Singh N, Goswami A, Kaur N. Self-assembled organic nanoparticles of benzimidazole analogue exhibit enhanced uptake in 3D tumor spheroids and oxidative stress induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:467-478. [PMID: 30678934 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organic nanoparticles (ONPs) possess great research interests for their promising effects in the enhancement of bioactivity including anticancer activity with less toxicity. The present study describes the preparation, characterization and biological evaluation of aqueous phase ONPs of potent 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole derivative (BZ6) for anticancer activity. BZ6-ONPs were characterized through UV-absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis for their photo-physical properties. DLS, TEM and SEM studies were carried out for morphological and structural analysis. Cytotoxicity determination on a panel of four different cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MiaPaca-2, HT-29 and HCT-116) revealed that the BZ6-ONPs show highest activity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Surprisingly, the BZ6-ONPs were found to be non-toxic towards normal breast epithelial fR2 cells. Additionally, the FITC-ONPs showed enhanced uptake in 3D tumor spheroids of MCF-7 cells compared to the free FITC. BZ6-ONPs strongly halted cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, possibly through oxidative stress-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, molecular mechanism-based studies revealed that BZ6-ONPs downregulated AKT/NF-κB/vimentin/survivin-mediated oncogenic signaling pathway promoting cell proliferation and malignancy. In a nutshell, BZ6-ONPs are therapeutically efficacious, which needs further development as a treatment option in human mammary gland carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandna Dhanwal
- Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (U.I.E.A.S.T), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Archana Katoch
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Amanpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Roopnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Souneek Chakraborty
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mir Mohd Faheem
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur
- Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (U.I.E.A.S.T), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Roopnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dichloroacetate and Salinomycin Exert a Synergistic Cytotoxic Effect in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17744. [PMID: 30531808 PMCID: PMC6288092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined a hypothesis that dichloroacetate, a metabolic inhibitor, might efficiently potentiate the cytotoxic effect of salinomycin, an antibiotic ionophore, on two human colorectal cancer derived cell lines DLD-1 and HCT116. First, we performed a series of dose response experiments in the 2D cell culture by applying mono- and combination therapy and by using the Chou-Talalay method found that salinomycin in combination with dichloroacetate acted synergistically in both cell lines. Secondly, in order to recapitulate the in vivo tumor architecture, we tested various doses of these compounds, alone and in combination, in the 3D multicellular spheroid culture. The effect of combination of dichloracetate and salinomycin on multicellular spheroid size was stronger than the sum of both monotherapies, particularly in HCT116 cells. Further, we demonstrate that the synergistic effect of compounds may be related to the inhibitory effect of dichloroacetate on multidrug resistance proteins, and in contrast, it is not related to dichloroacetate-induced reduction of intracellular pH. Our findings indicate that the combination therapy of salinomycin and dichloroacetate could be an effective option for colorectal cancer treatment and provide the first mechanistic explanation of the synergistic action of these compounds.
Collapse
|
35
|
Advanced In Vitro HepaRG Culture Systems for Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity Characterization. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 44:437-458. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
36
|
Guimaraes PPG, Tan M, Tammela T, Wu K, Chung A, Oberli M, Wang K, Spektor R, Riley RS, Viana CTR, Jacks T, Langer R, Mitchell MJ. Potent in vivo lung cancer Wnt signaling inhibition via cyclodextrin-LGK974 inclusion complexes. J Control Release 2018; 290:75-87. [PMID: 30290244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway promotes lung cancer progression and contributes to poor patient prognosis. The porcupine inhibitor LGK974, a novel orally bioavailable cancer therapeutic in Phase I clinical trials, induces potent Wnt signaling inhibition and leads to suppressed growth and progression of multiple types of cancers. The clinical use of LGK974, however, is limited in part due to its low solubility and high toxicity in tissues that rely on Wnt signaling for normal homeostasis. Here, we report the use of host-guest chemistry to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of LGK974 in mice through complexation with cyclodextrins (CD). We assessed the effects of these complexes to inhibit Wnt signaling in lung adenocarcinomas that are typically driven by overactive Wnt signaling. 2D 1H NMR confirmed host-guest complexation of CDs with LGK974. CD:LGK974 complexes significantly decreased the expression of Wnt target genes in lung cancer organoids and in lung cancer allografts in mice. Further, CD:LGK974 complexes increased the bioavailability upon oral administration in mice compared to free LGK974. In a mouse lung cancer allograft model, CD:LGK974 complexes induced potent Wnt signaling inhibition with reduced intestinal toxicity compared to treatment with free drug. Collectively, the development of these complexes enables safer and repeated oral or parenteral administration of Wnt signaling inhibitors, which hold promise for the treatment of multiple types of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P G Guimaraes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mingchee Tan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Katherine Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Amanda Chung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Matthias Oberli
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Karin Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roman Spektor
- Graduate Field of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rachel S Riley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Celso T R Viana
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A three-dimensional engineered heterogeneous tumor model for assessing cellular environment and response. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:1917-1957. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
38
|
Langan LM, Owen SF, Trznadel M, Dodd NJF, Jackson SK, Purcell WM, Jha AN. Spheroid Size Does not Impact Metabolism of the β-blocker Propranolol in 3D Intestinal Fish Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:947. [PMID: 30186177 PMCID: PMC6113889 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, cellular aggregates or spheroids (3D) offer a more appropriate alternative in vitro system where individual cell-cell communication and micro-environment more closely represent the in vivo organ; yet we understand little of the physiological conditions at this scale. The relationship between spheroid size and oxygen microenvironment, an important factor influencing the metabolic capacity of cells, was first established using the fish intestine derived RTgutGC cell line. Subsequently, pharmaceutical metabolism (Propranolol), as determined by high performance liquid chromatography, in this intestinal model was examined as a function of spheroid size. Co-efficient of variation between spheroid size was below 12% using the gyratory platform method, with the least variation observed in the highest cell seeding density. The viable, high oxygen micro-environment of the outer rim of the spheroid, as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry, decreased over time, and the hypoxic zone increased as a function of spheroid size. Despite a trend of higher metabolism in smaller spheroids, the formation of micro-environments (quiescent, hypoxic or anoxic) did not significantly affect metabolism or function of an environmentally relevant pharmaceutical in this spheroid model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Langan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Owen
- Global Sustainability, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Trznadel
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J F Dodd
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Simon K Jackson
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy M Purcell
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sidarovich V, De Mariano M, Aveic S, Pancher M, Adami V, Gatto P, Pizzini S, Pasini L, Croce M, Parodi F, Cimmino F, Avitabile M, Emionite L, Cilli M, Ferrini S, Pagano A, Capasso M, Quattrone A, Tonini GP, Longo L. A High-Content Screening of Anticancer Compounds Suggests the Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ponatinib for Repurposing in Neuroblastoma Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1405-1415. [PMID: 29695637 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel druggable targets have been discovered in neuroblastoma (NB), paving the way for more effective treatments. However, children with high-risk NB still show high mortality rates prompting for a search of novel therapeutic options. Here, we aimed at repurposing FDA-approved drugs for NB treatment by performing a high-content screening of a 349 anticancer compounds library. In the primary screening, we employed three NB cell lines, grown as three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids, which were treated with 10 μmol/L of the library compounds for 72 hours. The viability of 3D spheroids was evaluated using a high-content imaging approach, resulting in a primary hit list of 193 compounds. We selected 60 FDA-approved molecules and prioritized drugs with multi-target activity, discarding those already in use for NB treatment or enrolled in NB clinical trials. Hence, 20 drugs were further tested for their efficacy in inhibiting NB cell viability, both in two-dimensional and 3D models. Dose-response curves were then supplemented with the data on side effects, therapeutic index, and molecular targets, suggesting two multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ponatinib and axitinib, as promising candidates for repositioning in NB. Indeed, both drugs showed induction of cell-cycle block and apoptosis, as well as inhibition of colony formation. However, only ponatinib consistently affected migration and inhibited invasion of NB cells. Finally, ponatinib also proved effective inhibition of tumor growth in orthotopic NB mice, providing the rationale for its repurposing in NB therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1405-15. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanja Aveic
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael Pancher
- High Throughput Screening Core Facility, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Adami
- High Throughput Screening Core Facility, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Pamela Gatto
- High Throughput Screening Core Facility, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzini
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luigi Pasini
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michela Croce
- UOC Bioterapie, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Parodi
- UOC Bioterapie, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Flora Cimmino
- University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Avitabile
- University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Cilli
- Animal Facility, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvano Ferrini
- UOC Bioterapie, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Longo
- UOC Bioterapie, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Leary E, Rhee C, Wilks BT, Morgan JR. Quantitative Live-Cell Confocal Imaging of 3D Spheroids in a High-Throughput Format. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:231-242. [PMID: 29412762 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318756058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurately predicting the human response to new compounds is critical to a wide variety of industries. Standard screening pipelines (including both in vitro and in vivo models) often lack predictive power. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems of human cells, a more physiologically relevant platform, could provide a high-throughput, automated means to test the efficacy and/or toxicity of novel substances. However, the challenge of obtaining high-magnification, confocal z stacks of 3D spheroids and understanding their respective quantitative limitations must be overcome first. To address this challenge, we developed a method to form spheroids of reproducible size at precise spatial locations across a 96-well plate. Spheroids of variable radii were labeled with four different fluorescent dyes and imaged with a high-throughput confocal microscope. 3D renderings of the spheroid had a complex bowl-like appearance. We systematically analyzed these confocal z stacks to determine the depth of imaging and the effect of spheroid size and dyes on quantitation. Furthermore, we have shown that this loss of fluorescence can be addressed through the use of ratio imaging. Overall, understanding both the limitations of confocal imaging and the tools to correct for these limits is critical for developing accurate quantitative assays using 3D spheroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Leary
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Claire Rhee
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin T Wilks
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Morgan
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mittler F, Obeïd P, Rulina AV, Haguet V, Gidrol X, Balakirev MY. High-Content Monitoring of Drug Effects in a 3D Spheroid Model. Front Oncol 2017; 7:293. [PMID: 29322028 PMCID: PMC5732143 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent decline in the discovery of novel medications challenges the widespread use of 2D monolayer cell assays in the drug discovery process. As a result, the need for more appropriate cellular models of human physiology and disease has renewed the interest in spheroid 3D culture as a pertinent model for drug screening. However, despite technological progress that has significantly simplified spheroid production and analysis, the seeming complexity of the 3D approach has delayed its adoption in many laboratories. The present report demonstrates that the use of a spheroid model may be straightforward and can provide information that is not directly available with a standard 2D approach. We describe a cost-efficient method that allows for the production of an array of uniform spheroids, their staining with vital dyes, real-time monitoring of drug effects, and an ATP-endpoint assay, all in the same 96-well U-bottom plate. To demonstrate the method performance, we analyzed the effect of the preclinical anticancer drug MLN4924 on spheroids formed by VCaP and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The drug has different outcomes in these cell lines, varying from cell cycle arrest and protective dormancy to senescence and apoptosis. We demonstrate that by using high-content analysis of spheroid arrays, the effect of the drug can be described as a series of EC50 values that clearly dissect the cytostatic and cytotoxic drug actions. The method was further evaluated using four standard cancer chemotherapeutics with different mechanisms of action, and the effect of each drug is described as a unique multi-EC50 diagram. Once fully validated in a wider range of conditions, this method could be particularly valuable for phenotype-based drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Obeïd
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Anastasia V. Rulina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
- Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INSERM, CNRS, CIRI, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Haguet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BIG, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Costa EC, de Melo-Diogo D, Moreira AF, Carvalho MP, Correia IJ. Spheroids Formation on Non-Adhesive Surfaces by Liquid Overlay Technique: Considerations and Practical Approaches. Biotechnol J 2017; 13. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete C. Costa
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Duarte de Melo-Diogo
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - André F. Moreira
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Marco P. Carvalho
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Ilídio J. Correia
- CICS-UBI − Health Sciences Research Centre; Universidade da Beira Interior; 6200-506 Covilhã Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gupta SK, Torrico Guzmán EA, Meenach SA. Coadministration of a tumor-penetrating peptide improves the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel in a novel air-grown lung cancer 3D spheroid model. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2143-2153. [PMID: 28771722 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3 D) cell culture platforms are increasingly being used in cancer research and drug development since they mimic avascular tumors in vitro. In this study, we focused on the development of a novel air-grown multicellular spheroid (MCS) model to mimic in vivo tumors for understanding lung cancer biology and improvement in the evaluation of aerosol anticancer therapeutics. 3 D MCS were formed using A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, comprising cellular heterogeneity with respect to different proliferative and metabolic gradients. The growth kinetics, morphology and 3 D structure of air-grown MCS were characterized by brightfield, fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. MCS demonstrated a significant decrease in growth when the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD and paclitaxel (PTX) were coadministered as compared with PTX alone. It was also found that when treated with both iRGD and PTX, A549 MCS exhibited an increase in apoptosis and decrease in clonogenic survival capacity in contrast to PTX treatment alone. This study demonstrated that coadministration of iRGD resulted in the improvement of the tumor penetration ability of PTX in an in vitro A549 3 D MCS model. In addition, this is the first time a high-throughput air-grown lung cancer tumor spheroid model has been developed and evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta K Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Elisa A Torrico Guzmán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Samantha A Meenach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Carvalho MP, Costa EC, Correia IJ. Assembly of breast cancer heterotypic spheroids on hyaluronic acid coated surfaces. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1346-1357. [PMID: 28547896 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug screening is currently demanding for realistic models that are able to reproduce the structural features of solid tumors. 3D cell culture systems, namely spheroids, emerged as a promising approach to provide reliable results during drug development. So far, liquid overlay technique (LOT) is one of the most used methods for spheroids assembly. It comprises cellular aggregation due to their limited adhesion to certain biomaterials, like agarose. However, researchers are currently improving this technique in order to obtain spheroids on surfaces that mimic cancer extracellular matrix (ECM), since cell-ECM interactions modulate cells behavior and their drug resistance profile. Herein, hyaluronic acid (HA) coated surfaces were used, for the first time, for the production of reproducible heterotypic breast cancer spheroids. The obtained results revealed that it is possible to control the size, shape, and number of spheroids gotten per well by changing the HA concentration and the number of cells initially seeded in each well. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1346-1357, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco P Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6200-506, Portugal
| | - Elisabete C Costa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6200-506, Portugal
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6200-506, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cellular Models and In Vitro Assays for the Screening of modulators of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040600. [PMID: 28397762 PMCID: PMC6153761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed in tumor cells, as well as in organs involved in absorption and secretion processes, mediating the ATP-dependent efflux of compounds, both endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including drugs. Their expression and activity levels are modulated by the presence of inhibitors, inducers and/or activators. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies with both known and newly synthesized P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducers and/or activators have shown the usefulness of these transport mechanisms in reducing the systemic exposure and specific tissue access of potentially harmful compounds. This article focuses on the main ABC transporters involved in multidrug resistance [P-gp, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] expressed in tissues of toxicological relevance, such as the blood-brain barrier, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney and intestine. Moreover, it provides a review of the available cellular models, in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening and selection of safe and specific inducers and activators of these membrane transporters. The available cellular models and in vitro assays have been proposed as high throughput and low-cost alternatives to excessive animal testing, allowing the evaluation of a large number of compounds.
Collapse
|
46
|
3D tumor spheroids: an overview on the tools and techniques used for their analysis. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1427-1441. [PMID: 27845258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In comparison with 2D cell culture models, 3D spheroids are able to accurately mimic some features of solid tumors, such as their spatial architecture, physiological responses, secretion of soluble mediators, gene expression patterns and drug resistance mechanisms. These unique characteristics highlight the potential of 3D cellular aggregates to be used as in vitro models for screening new anticancer therapeutics, both at a small and large scale. Nevertheless, few reports have focused on describing the tools and techniques currently available to extract significant biological data from these models. Such information will be fundamental to drug and therapeutic discovery process using 3D cell culture models. The present review provides an overview of the techniques that can be employed to characterize and evaluate the efficacy of anticancer therapeutics in 3D tumor spheroids.
Collapse
|
47
|
Silva KR, Rezende RA, Pereira FDAS, Gruber P, Stuart MP, Ovsianikov A, Brakke K, Kasyanov V, da Silva JVL, Granjeiro JM, Baptista LS, Mironov V. Delivery of Human Adipose Stem Cells Spheroids into Lockyballs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166073. [PMID: 27829016 PMCID: PMC5102388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) spheroids show enhanced regenerative effects compared to single cells. Also, spheroids have been recently introduced as building blocks in directed self-assembly strategy. Recent efforts aim to improve long-term cell retention and integration by the use of microencapsulation delivery systems that can rapidly integrate in the implantation site. Interlockable solid synthetic microscaffolds, so called lockyballs, were recently designed with hooks and loops to enhance cell retention and integration at the implantation site as well as to support spheroids aggregation after transplantation. Here we present an efficient methodology for human ASCs spheroids biofabrication and lockyballs cellularization using micro-molded non-adhesive agarose hydrogel. Lockyballs were produced using two-photon polymerization with an estimated mechanical strength. The Young’s modulus was calculated at level 0.1362 +/-0.009 MPa. Interlocking in vitro test demonstrates high level of loading induced interlockability of fabricated lockyballs. Diameter measurements and elongation coefficient calculation revealed that human ASCs spheroids biofabricated in resections of micro-molded non-adhesive hydrogel had a more regular size distribution and shape than spheroids biofabricated in hanging drops. Cellularization of lockyballs using human ASCs spheroids did not alter the level of cells viability (p › 0,999) and gene fold expression for SOX-9 and RUNX2 (p › 0,195). The biofabrication of ASCs spheroids into lockyballs represents an innovative strategy in regenerative medicine, which combines solid scaffold-based and directed self-assembly approaches, fostering opportunities for rapid in situ biofabrication of 3D building-blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina R. Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Rezende
- Division of 3D Technologies, Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico D. A. S. Pereira
- Division of 3D Technologies, Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Gruber
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien (Technische Universität Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mellannie P. Stuart
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien (Technische Universität Wien), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ken Brakke
- Mathematics Department, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Kasyanov
- Riga Stradins University and Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jorge V. L. da Silva
- Division of 3D Technologies, Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José M. Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandra S. Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LSB); (VM)
| | - Vladimir Mironov
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of 3D Technologies, Renato Archer Center for Information Technology (CTI), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LSB); (VM)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Accurate quantitative wide-field fluorescence microscopy of 3-D spheroids. Biotechniques 2016; 61:237-247. [PMID: 27839509 DOI: 10.2144/000114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of commercially available fluorescent dyes are used to quantify a wide range of biological functions of cells in culture, and their use has been a mainstay of basic research, toxicity testing, and drug discovery. However, nearly all of these dyes have been optimized for use on cells cultured as two-dimensional monolayers. Three-dimensional culture systems more accurately recapitulate native tissues, but their size and complexity present a new set of challenges for the use of fluorescent dyes, especially with regards to accurate quantitation. We determined the most accurate method to quantify fluorescence as a function of whether cells were uniformly labeled with dye prior to spheroid formation or if the dye was diffused into the spheroid after its formation. Using multicellular spheroids labeled with calcein-AM via these two different staining methods, we performed time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. For uniformly labeled spheroids, fluorescence was best normalized to volume, whereas for spheroids labeled via dye diffusion, fluorescence was best normalized to surface area. This framework for evaluating dyes can easily be extended to other applications. Utilizing the appropriate size-based normalization strategy enhanced our ability to detect statistically significant differences between experimental conditions.
Collapse
|
49
|
Klein MG, Haigney MCP, Mehler PS, Fatima N, Flagg TP, Krantz MJ. Potent Inhibition of hERG Channels by the Over-the-Counter Antidiarrheal Agent Loperamide. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2016; 2:784-789. [PMID: 29759761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro electrophysiological properties of loperamide. The authors' hypothesis was that loperamide is a potent blocker of the current carried by the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel. BACKGROUND Loperamide is a peripherally-acting μ-opioid agonist available worldwide as an over-the-counter treatment for diarrhea. Like most opioids, it is not currently known to be proarrhythmic. Recent cases of torsade de pointes in association with high-dose loperamide raise concern given its structural similarity to methadone, another synthetic opioid with an established arrhythmia risk. METHODS Effects of loperamide on blockade of the hERG potassium channel ion current were assessed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing hERG to elucidate current amplitude and kinetics. The concentration required to produce 50% inhibition of hERG current was assessed from the amplitude of tail currents and the impact on action potential duration was assessed in isolated swine ventricular cardiomyocytes. RESULTS The 50% inhibitory concentration for loperamide inhibition of hERG ionic tail currents was approximately 40 nmol/l. In current-voltage measurements, loperamide reduced steady and tail currents and shifted the current activation to more negative potentials. Loperamide (10 nmol/l) also increased the action potential duration, assessed at 90% of repolarization, in ventricular myocytes by 16.4 ± 1.7% (n = 6; p < 0.004). The maximum rate of rise of phase 0 of the action potential, however, was not significantly altered at any tested concentration of loperamide. CONCLUSIONS Loperamide is a potent hERG channel blocker. It significantly prolongs the action potential duration and suggests a causal association between loperamide and recent clinical cases of torsade de pointes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Klein
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark C P Haigney
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Denver Health and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Naheed Fatima
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas P Flagg
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mori J Krantz
- Denver Health and University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sirenko O, Mitlo T, Hesley J, Luke S, Owens W, Cromwell EF. High-content assays for characterizing the viability and morphology of 3D cancer spheroid cultures. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 13:402-14. [PMID: 26317884 PMCID: PMC4556086 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in using three-dimensional (3D) spheroids for modeling cancer and tissue biology to accelerate translation research. Development of higher throughput assays to quantify phenotypic changes in spheroids is an active area of investigation. The goal of this study was to develop higher throughput high-content imaging and analysis methods to characterize phenotypic changes in human cancer spheroids in response to compound treatment. We optimized spheroid cell culture protocols using low adhesion U-bottom 96- and 384-well plates for three common cancer cell lines and improved the workflow with a one-step staining procedure that reduces assay time and minimizes variability. We streamlined imaging acquisition by using a maximum projection algorithm that combines cellular information from multiple slices through a 3D object into a single image, enabling efficient comparison of different spheroid phenotypes. A custom image analysis method was implemented to provide multiparametric characterization of single-cell and spheroid phenotypes. We report a number of readouts, including quantification of marker-specific cell numbers, measurement of cell viability and apoptosis, and characterization of spheroid size and shape. Assay performance was assessed using established anticancer cytostatic and cytotoxic drugs. We demonstrated concentration–response effects for different readouts and measured IC50 values, comparing 3D spheroid results to two-dimensional cell cultures. Finally, a library of 119 approved anticancer drugs was screened across a wide range of concentrations using HCT116 colon cancer spheroids. The proposed methods can increase performance and throughput of high-content assays for compound screening and evaluation of anticancer drugs with 3D cell models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trisha Mitlo
- 1 Molecular Devices , LLC, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Jayne Hesley
- 1 Molecular Devices , LLC, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Steve Luke
- 1 Molecular Devices , LLC, Sunnyvale, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|