1
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pH-sensitive and bubble-generating mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles for enhanced tumor combination therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:520-533. [PMID: 33643828 PMCID: PMC7893139 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been a major option in clinic treatment of malignant tumors. However, single chemotherapy faces some drawbacks, such as multidrug resistance, severe side effects, which hinder its clinic application in tumor treatment. Multifunctional nanoparticles loading with chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitizer could be a promising way to efficiently conduct tumor combination therapy. In the current study, a novel pH-sensitive and bubble-generating mesoporous silica-based drug delivery system (denoted as M(a)D@PI-PEG-RGD) was constructed. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3; abc) and chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) were loaded into the pores of mesoporous silica. Indocyanine green (ICG) as a photothermal and photodynamic agent was loaded onto the polydopamine (PDA) layer surface. The synthesized nanoparticles displayed a narrow polydispersity (PDI) and small particle size as characterized through dynamic light scattering-autosizer analysis. The nanoparticles also showed high targeting efficacy through RGD modification as indicated by cellular uptake and animal studies. DOX release analysis confirmed that the nanoparticles were pH-dependent and that NH4HCO3 accelerated drug release. At the same time, the nanoparticles had obvious photothermal and photodynamic effects performed by ICG which restrained tumor growth remarkably. In summary, the multifunctional nanoparticles presented a promising system for combination therapy.
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2
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Pellico J, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Radiolabelling of nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3355-3423. [PMID: 33491714 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique physical, chemical and biological properties of interest for medical imaging and therapy. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to translate nanomaterial-based medicinal products (so-called nanomedicines) into clinical practice and, although multiple nanoparticle-based formulations are clinically available, there is still a disparity between the number of pre-clinical products and those that reach clinical approval. To facilitate the efficient clinical translation of nanomedicinal-drugs, it is important to study their whole-body biodistribution and pharmacokinetics from the early stages of their development. Integrating this knowledge with that of their therapeutic profile and/or toxicity should provide a powerful combination to efficiently inform nanomedicine trials and allow early selection of the most promising candidates. In this context, radiolabelling nanomaterials allows whole-body and non-invasive in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, certain radionuclides with specific nuclear emissions can elicit therapeutic effects by themselves, leading to radionuclide-based therapy. To ensure robust information during the development of nanomaterials for PET/SPECT imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, selection of the most appropriate radiolabelling method and knowledge of its limitations are critical. Different radiolabelling strategies are available depending on the type of material, the radionuclide and/or the final application. In this review we describe the different radiolabelling strategies currently available, with a critical vision over their advantages and disadvantages. The final aim is to review the most relevant and up-to-date knowledge available in this field, and support the efficient clinical translation of future nanomedicinal products for in vivo imaging and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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3
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Dong PX, Song X, Wu J, Cui S, Wang G, Zhang L, Sun H. The Fate of SWCNTs in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages: Exocytosis, Biodegradation, and Sustainable Retention. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:211. [PMID: 32266238 PMCID: PMC7100583 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of toxicological and pharmacological profiles of nanomaterials is an important step for the development and clinical application of nanomedicines. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively explored as a nanomedicine agent in pharmaceutical/biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. The biological durability of CNTs could affect the function of CNTs-based nanomedicines as well as their toxicity in cells and tissues. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the fate of nanomedicine in phagocytes. Herein, we investigated the candidate fate of acid-oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNCTs) in non-activated primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMQ). The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results showed that the intracellular SWCNTs continued growing from 4 to 36 h in PMQ. After replacing the exposure medium, we found the exosome induced by SWCNTs on the surface of macrophages according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The near-infrared (NIR) absorption increase of the supernatant samples after post-exposure indicates that SWCNTs exocytosis occurred in PMQ. The decreasing intracellular SWCNTs amount suggested the incomplete biodegradation in PMQ, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The combined data reveal that SWCNTs could be retained for more than 60 h in macrophages. Then sustainable retention of SWCNTs in primary macrophages was coexist with exocytosis and biodegradation. The findings of this work will shed light on the bioimaging, diagnosis and other biomedical applications of CNTs-based nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Xuan Dong
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China.,College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Song
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China.,College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Jiwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China.,College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Shuqin Cui
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China.,College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Guizhi Wang
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Lianying Zhang
- College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Hanwen Sun
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China.,College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
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4
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Wang D, Meng L, Fei Z, Hou C, Long J, Zeng L, Dyson PJ, Huang P. Multi-layered tumor-targeting photothermal-doxorubicin releasing nanotubes eradicate tumors in vivo with negligible systemic toxicity. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8536-8546. [PMID: 29694478 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00663f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Multi-layered single-walled carbon nanotubes, termed SWNT@BSA@Au-S-PEG-FA@DOX, which integrate photothermal therapy with small molecule drug delivery, were prepared using a facile layer-by-layer assembly process. Oxidized and cut single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to provide abundant active sites for the nucleation of Au seeds, which are subsequently converted into gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by in situ reduction. The resulting SWNT@BSA@Au material exhibits ideal photothermal properties. Further modification of the nanomaterial with folic acid terminated-polyglycol (FA-PEG-SH) and subsequent loading with doxorubicin (DOX) afford the SWNT@BSA@Au-S-PEG-FA@DOX. The FA terminated PEG endows the material with high water-dispersibility, biocompatibility and cancer cell selectivity. A high drug loading ratio for DOX of up to 590% was achieved, with the drug release being pH and temperature dependent, adding to the selectivity of the system. High efficacy of the SWNT@BSA@Au-S-PEG-FA@DOX material, when combined with photothermal therapy (irradiation of the tumor with an 808 nm laser, 1 W cm-2 for 5 min, 24 h after systemic injection of the nanomedicine), was demonstrated in vivo, resulting in complete tumor eradication. Remarkably, the side effects are negligible with only minor damage to normal tissues including the liver and kidneys being observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Wang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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5
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Length effects on the dynamic process of cellular uptake and exocytosis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in murine macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1518. [PMID: 28490792 PMCID: PMC5431871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular uptake and exocytosis of SWCNTs are fundamental processes determining their intracellular concentration and effects. Despite the great potential of acid-oxidized SWCNTs in biomedical field, understanding of the influencing factors on these processes needs to be deepened. Here, we quantitatively investigated uptake and exocytosis of SWCNTs in three lengths-630 (±171) nm (L-SWCNTs), 390 (±50) nm (M-SWCNTs), and 195 (±63) nm (S-MWCNTs) in macrophages. The results showed that the cellular accumulation of SWCNTs was a length-independent process and non-monotonic in time, with the most SWCNTs (3950 fg/cell) accumulated at 8 h and then intracellular SWCNTs dropped obviously with time. The uptake rate of SWCNTs decreased with increasing concentration, suggesting that intracellular SWCNTs accumulation is a saturable process. After refreshing culture medium, we found increasing SWCNTs in supernatant and decreasing intracellular SWCNTs over time, confirming the exocytosis occurred. Selective inhibition of endocytosis pathways showed that the internalization of SWCNTs involves several pathways, in the order of macropinocytosis> caveolae-mediated endocytosis> clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Intriguingly, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is relatively important for internalizing shorter SWCNTs. The dynamic processes of SWCNTs uptake and exocytosis and the mechanisms revealed by this study may render a better understanding on SWCNT toxicity and facilitate the design of CNT products with mitigated toxicity and desired functions.
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Li Z, de Barros ALB, Soares DCF, Moss SN, Alisaraie L. Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes: cellular uptake, biodistribution and applications in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:41-54. [PMID: 28300630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) enable them to play important roles in many fields. One of their functional roles is to transport cargo into cell. SWNTs are able to traverse amphipathic cell membranes due to their large surface area, flexible interactions with cargo, customizable dimensions, and surface chemistry. The cargoes delivered by SWNTs include peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, as well as drug molecules for therapeutic purpose. The drug delivery functions of SWNTs have been explored over the past decade. Many breakthrough studies have shown the high specificity and potency of functionalized SWNT-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancers and other diseases. In this review, we discuss different aspects of drug delivery by functionalized SWNT carriers, diving into the cellular uptake mechanisms, biodistribution of the delivery system, and safety concerns on degradation of the carriers. We emphasize the delivery of several common drugs to highlight the recent achievements of SWNT-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Dr, A1B 3V6 St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Andre Luis Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cristian Ferreira Soares
- Department of Chemistry and Mathematics, Institute of Science, Laboratory of Bioengineering, Federal University of Itajubá, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sara Nicole Moss
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Dr, A1B 3V6 St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Laleh Alisaraie
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Dr, A1B 3V6 St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, A1B 3X7 St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
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7
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Jacobsen NR, Møller P, Clausen PA, Saber AT, Micheletti C, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Vogel U. Biodistribution of Carbon Nanotubes in Animal Models. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121 Suppl 3:30-43. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health; Section of Environmental Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen K Denmark
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | | | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Public Health; Section of Environmental Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen K Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
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8
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Alidori S, Akhavein N, Thorek DLJ, Behling K, Romin Y, Queen D, Beattie BJ, Manova-Todorova K, Bergkvist M, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Targeted fibrillar nanocarbon RNAi treatment of acute kidney injury. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:331ra39. [PMID: 27009268 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac9647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference has tremendous yet unrealized potential to treat a wide range of illnesses. Innovative solutions are needed to protect and selectively deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) cargo to and within a target cell to fully exploit siRNA as a therapeutic tool in vivo. Herein, we describe ammonium-functionalized carbon nanotube (fCNT)-mediated transport of siRNA selectively and with high efficiency to renal proximal tubule cells in animal models of acute kidney injury (AKI). fCNT enhanced siRNA delivery to tubule cells compared to siRNA alone and effectively knocked down the expression of several target genes, includingTrp53,Mep1b,Ctr1, andEGFP A clinically relevant cisplatin-induced murine model of AKI was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of fCNT-targeted siRNA to effectively halt the pathogenesis of renal injury. Prophylactic treatment with a combination of fCNT/siMep1band fCNT/siTrp53significantly improved progression-free survival compared to controls via a mechanism that required concurrent reduction of meprin-1β and p53 expression. The fCNT/siRNA was well tolerated, and no toxicological consequences were observed in murine models. Toward clinical application of this platform, fCNTs were evaluated for the first time in nonhuman primates. The rapid and kidney-specific pharmacokinetic profile of fCNT in primates was comparable to what was observed in mice and suggests that this approach is amenable for use in humans. The nanocarbon-mediated delivery of siRNA provides a therapeutic means for the prevention of AKI to safely overcome the persistent barrier of nephrotoxicity during medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Alidori
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nima Akhavein
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katja Behling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Romin
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dawn Queen
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bradley J Beattie
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Magnus Bergkvist
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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9
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Dinesh B, Bianco A, Ménard-Moyon C. Designing multimodal carbon nanotubes by covalent multi-functionalization. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18596-18611. [PMID: 27805213 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a unique tool in nanotechnology owing to their exceptional properties that offer a variety of opportunities for applications in different fields. Nevertheless, their low dispersibility in organic solvents and in aqueous media hampers their development. The functionalization of their surface allows overcoming this issue, while exploiting and tuning their properties. Thanks to their high specific surface area, multi-functionalization strategies give the possibility to conjugate several copies of different molecules to endow the nanotubes with multiple functionalities. In this context, this review wishes to focus on the preparation of multimodal CNTs designed by covalent multi-functionalization. More specifically, we describe the different approaches that have been developed to prepare multi-functionalized CNTs through double and triple covalent functionalization of the nanotube framework. We also emphasize the strategies used to control the derivatization of multi-functionalized CNTs with molecules of interest mainly via sequential or simultaneous methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhimareddy Dinesh
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and therapeutic chemistry, UPR 3572 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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10
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Alidori S, Bowman RL, Yarilin D, Romin Y, Barlas A, Mulvey JJ, Fujisawa S, Xu K, Ruggiero A, Riabov V, Thorek DLJ, Ulmert HDS, Brea EJ, Behling K, Kzhyshkowska J, Manova-Todorova K, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Deconvoluting hepatic processing of carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12343. [PMID: 27468684 PMCID: PMC4974572 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes present unique opportunities for drug delivery, but have not advanced into the clinic. Differential nanotube accretion and clearance from critical organs have been observed, but the mechanism not fully elucidated. The liver has a complex cellular composition that regulates a range of metabolic functions and coincidently accumulates most particulate drugs. Here we provide the unexpected details of hepatic processing of covalently functionalized nanotubes including receptor-mediated endocytosis, cellular trafficking and biliary elimination. Ammonium-functionalized fibrillar nanocarbon is found to preferentially localize in the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium of the liver but not resident macrophages. Stabilin receptors mediate the endocytic clearance of nanotubes. Biocompatibility is evidenced by the absence of cell death and no immune cell infiltration. Towards clinical application of this platform, nanotubes were evaluated for the first time in non-human primates. The pharmacologic profile in cynomolgus monkeys is equivalent to what was reported in mice and suggests that nanotubes should behave similarly in humans. Application of carbon nanotubes as drug delivery carriers is stalled by uncertainties over their distribution and toxicity in vivo. Here, the authors use animal models to show that, while the bulk of nanotubes is renally cleared, a fraction can be eliminated through an alternative hepatobiliary pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Alidori
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Robert L Bowman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Dmitry Yarilin
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Romin
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Afsar Barlas
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - J Justin Mulvey
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sho Fujisawa
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alessandro Ruggiero
- Department of Radiology, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge University Health Partners, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
| | - Vladimir Riabov
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Hans David S Ulmert
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elliott J Brea
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Katja Behling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany.,Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10065, USA
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11
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Marchesan S, Prato M. Under the lens: carbon nanotube and protein interaction at the nanoscale. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4347-59. [PMID: 25621901 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09173f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the very different chemical natures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and proteins gives rise to systems with unprecedented performance, thanks to a rich pool of very diverse chemical, electronic, catalytic and biological properties. Here we review recent advances in the field, including innovative and imaginative aspects from a nanoscale point of view. The tubular nature of CNTs allows for internal protein encapsulation, and also for their external coating by protein cages, affording bottom-up ordering of molecules in hierarchical structures. To achieve such complex systems it is imperative to master the intermolecular forces between CNTs and proteins, including geometry effects (e.g. CNT diameter and curvature) and how they translate into changes in the local environment (e.g. water entropy). The type of interaction between proteins and CNTs has important consequences for the preservation of their structure and, in turn, function. This key aspect cannot be neglected during the design of their conjugation, be it covalent, non-covalent, or based on a combination of both methods. The review concludes with a brief discussion of the very many applications intended for CNT-protein systems that go across various fields of science, from industrial biocatalysis to nanomedicine, from innovative materials to biotechnological tools in molecular biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marchesan
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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12
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Nanosurface chemistry and dose govern the bioaccumulation and toxicity of carbon nanotubes, metal nanomaterials and quantum dots in vivo. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The emergence of nanomedicine, a discipline at the nexus of materials engineering, chemistry, biology, and pharmacology, has generated much excitement in the field of translational medical research and provided some unexpected results. Nanomedicine seeks to introduce nanoscale technology to the practice of medicine via the design and development of nanomaterials possessing therapeutic or diagnostic functions. However, as expected, any modification of the base nanomaterial platform to decorate it with solublizing, targeting, therapeutic, or diagnostic modalities yields a material with a very different pharmacological profile than the original platform. Clearly, the goal of nanotechnology is to put into practice a novel synthetic substance in which the function of the complex is greater than the sum of its components. These new compositions must be thoroughly evaluated in vivo. Therefore, reliance on pharmacokinetic predictions based solely on the baseline profile of the original platform can confuse the field and delay progress. Carbon nanotube pharmacokinetic profiles provide an interesting example of this situation. Covalently functionalized nanotubes exhibit fibrillar pharmacology while those nanotubes that are not covalently functionalized transiently behave as fibers and then tend toward an overall colloidal profile in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an important class of nanomaterials, which have numerous novel properties that make them useful in technology and industry. Generally, there are two types of CNTs: single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes. SWNTs, in particular, possess unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, allowing for a wide range of applications in various fields, including the electronic, computer, aerospace, and biomedical industries. However, the use of SWNTs has come under scrutiny, not only due to their peculiar nanotoxicological profile, but also due to the forecasted increase in SWNT production in the near future. As such, the risk of human exposure is likely to be increased substantially. Yet, our understanding of the toxicological risk of SWNTs in human biology remains limited. This review seeks to examine representative data on the nanotoxicity of SWNTs by first considering how SWNTs are absorbed, distributed, accumulated and excreted in a biological system, and how SWNTs induce organ-specific toxicity in the body. The contradictory findings of numerous studies with regards to the potential hazards of SWNT exposure are discussed in this review. The possible mechanisms and molecular pathways associated with SWNT nanotoxicity in target organs and specific cell types are presented. We hope that this review will stimulate further research into the fundamental aspects of CNTs, especially the biological interactions which arise due to the unique intrinsic characteristics of CNTs.
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Mulvey JJ, Feinberg EN, Alidori S, McDevitt MR, Heller DA, Scheinberg DA. Synthesis, pharmacokinetics, and biological use of lysine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4245-55. [PMID: 25228803 PMCID: PMC4160330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to create a more robust and more accessible standard for amine-modifying single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A 1,3-cycloaddition was developed using an azomethine ylide, generated by reacting paraformaldehyde and a side-chain-Boc (tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-protected, lysine-derived alpha-amino acid, H-Lys(Boc)-OH, with purified SWCNT or C60. This cycloaddition and its lysine adduct provides the benefits of dense, covalent modification, ease of purification, commercial availability of reagents, and pH-dependent solubility of the product. Subsequently, SWCNTs functionalized with lysine amine handles were covalently conjugated to a radiometalated chelator, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA). The (111)In-labeled construct showed rapid renal clearance in a murine model and a favorable biodistribution, permitting utility in biomedical applications. Functionalized SWCNTs strongly wrapped small interfering RNA (siRNA). In the first disclosed deployment of thermophoresis with carbon nanotubes, the lysine-modified tubes showed a desirable, weak SWCNT-albumin binding constant. Thus, lysine-modified nanotubes are a favorable candidate for medicinal work.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Justin Mulvey
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan N Feinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Simone Alidori
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Kwon M, Park JH, Jang BS, Jung H. Synthesis and Biodistribution of Cat's Eye-shaped [57Co]CoO@SiO2Nanoshell Aqueous Colloids for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Imaging Agent. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Mehra NK, Mishra V, Jain N. A review of ligand tethered surface engineered carbon nanotubes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:1267-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Battigelli A, Ménard-Moyon C, Da Ros T, Prato M, Bianco A. Endowing carbon nanotubes with biological and biomedical properties by chemical modifications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1899-920. [PMID: 23856410 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The scope of nanotechnology is gaining importance in biology and medicine. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising tool due to their unique properties, high specific surface area, and capacity to cross biological barriers. These properties offer a variety of opportunities for applications in nanomedicine, such as diagnosis, disease treatment, imaging, and tissue engineering. Nevertheless, pristine CNTs are insoluble in water and in most organic solvents; thereby functionalization of their surface is necessary to increase biocompatibility. Derivatization of CNTs also gives the possibility to conjugate different biological and bioactive molecules including drugs, proteins, and targeting ligands. This review focuses on the chemical modifications of CNTs that have been developed to impart specific properties for biological and medical purposes. Biomolecules can be covalently grafted or non-covalently adsorbed on the nanotube surface. In addition, the inner core of CNTs can be exploited to encapsulate drugs, nanoparticles, or radioactive elements.
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19
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Li H, Zhang N, Hao Y, Wang Y, Jia S, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Formulation of curcumin delivery with functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes: characteristics and anticancer effects in vitro. Drug Deliv 2013; 21:379-87. [PMID: 24160816 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.848246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), an important class of artificial nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties, were used as novel carriers of curcumin. OBJECTIVE Formulation and evaluation of curcumin-loaded SWCNTs systems for utilizing the curcumin's anticancer potential by circumventing conventional limitations of extremely low aqueous solubility and instability under physiological conditions, and combining SWCNTs photothermal therapy enabled by the strong optical absorbance of SWCNTs in the 0.8-1.4 μm resulting in excessive local heating. METHODS After functionalized SWCNTs were confirmed, they were conjugated with curcumin (SWCNT-Cur). Subsequently, the formulation was analyzed for size, zeta-potential and morphology. And the solubility, stability and release of curcumin were assessed using spectrofluorometer, and the solid state of the curcumin was determined using X-ray diffraction and UV spectroscopy. Furthermore, in PC-3 cells, photothermal response was further determined by irradiating laser after the antitumor effect of SWCNT-Cur was evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SWCNTs were functionalized, and subsequent SWCNT-Cur conjugates were found to possess an average size of 170.4 nm, a zeta potential of -12.5 mV and to significantly enhance the solubility and stability of curcumin, overcoming the barriers to adequate curcumin delivery. Moreover, curcumin in SWCNT-Cur was in an amorphous form and could be rapidly released. In PC-3 cells, improved inhibition efficacy was achieved by SWCNT-Cur compared with native curcumin. Meanwhile, the SWCNTs in SWCNT-Cur served not only as scaffolds but also as thermal ablation agents, further inhibiting PC-3 cell growth. CONCLUSION SWCNT-Cur assemblies may provide a promising delivery system for curcumin for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
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20
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Mulvey JJ, Villa CH, McDevitt MR, Escorcia FE, Casey E, Scheinberg DA. Self-assembly of carbon nanotubes and antibodies on tumours for targeted amplified delivery. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:763-771. [PMID: 24077028 PMCID: PMC3798027 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can deliver imaging agents or drugs to tumours and offer significant advantages over approaches based on antibodies or other nanomaterials. In particular, the nanotubes can carry a substantial amount of cargo (100 times more than a monoclonal antibody), but can still be rapidly eliminated from the circulation by renal filtration, like a small molecule, due to their high aspect ratio. Here we show that SWNTs can target tumours in a two-step approach in which nanotubes modified with morpholino oligonucleotide sequences bind to cancer cells that have been pretargeted with antibodies modified with oligonucleotide strands complementary to those on the nanotubes. The nanotubes can carry fluorophores or radioisotopes, and are shown to selectively bind to cancer cells in vitro and in tumour-bearing xenografted mice. The binding process is also found to lead to antigen capping and internalization of the antibody-nanotube complexes. The nanotube conjugates were labelled with both alpha-particle and gamma-ray emitting isotopes, at high specific activities. Conjugates labelled with alpha-particle-generating (225)Ac were found to clear rapidly, thus mitigating radioisotope toxicity, and were shown to be therapeutically effective in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Justin Mulvey
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065
| | - Carlos H. Villa
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065
| | - Michael R. McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065
| | - Freddy E. Escorcia
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065
| | - Emily Casey
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10065
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21
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Lehner R, Wang X, Marsch S, Hunziker P. Intelligent nanomaterials for medicine: Carrier platforms and targeting strategies in the context of clinical application. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:742-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Mallikaratchy P, Gardner J, Nordstrøm LUR, Veomett NJ, McDevitt MR, Heaney ML, Scheinberg DA. A self-assembling short oligonucleotide duplex suitable for pretargeting. Nucleic Acid Ther 2013; 23:289-99. [PMID: 23848521 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2013.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have naturally evolved as suitable, high affinity and specificity targeting molecules. However, the large size of full-length mAbs yields poor pharmacokinetic properties. A solution to this issue is the use of a multistep administration approach, in which the slower clearing mAb is administered first and allowed to reach the target site selectively, followed by administration of a rapidly clearing small molecule carrier of the cytotoxic or imaging ligand, which bears a cognate receptor for the mAb. Here, we introduce a novel pretargetable RNA based system comprised of locked nucleic acids (LNA) and 2'O-Methyloligoribonucleotides (2'OMe-RNA). The duplex shows fast hybridization, high melting temperatures, excellent affinity, and high nuclease stability in plasma. Using a prototype model system with rituximab conjugated to 2'OMe-RNA (oligo), we demonstrate that LNA-based complementary strand (c-oligo) effectively hybridizes with rituximab-oligo, which is slowly circulating in vivo, despite the high clearance rates of c-oligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabodhika Mallikaratchy
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
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23
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Liu A, Zhai S, Zhang B, Yan B. Analytical strategies for real-time, non-invasive tracking of carbon nanomaterials in vivo. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Sacchetti C, Rapini N, Magrini A, Cirelli E, Bellucci S, Mattei M, Rosato N, Bottini N, Bottini M. In Vivo Targeting of Intratumor Regulatory T Cells Using PEG-Modified Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:852-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc400070q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Sacchetti
- Inflammatory and Infectious
Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
- Division of Cellular
Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420
Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Novella Rapini
- Division of Cellular
Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420
Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | - Elisa Cirelli
- Inflammatory and Infectious
Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN, National Laboratory of Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati,
Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Cellular
Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420
Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Inflammatory and Infectious
Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
- INFN, National Laboratory of Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati,
Rome, Italy
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25
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Alidori S, Asqiriba K, Londero P, Bergkvist M, Leona M, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Deploying RNA and DNA with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2013; 117:5982-5992. [PMID: 23626864 PMCID: PMC3634719 DOI: 10.1021/jp312416d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes internalize into cells and are potential molecular platforms for siRNA and DNA delivery. A comprehensive understanding of the identity and stability of ammoniumfunctionalized carbon nanotube (f-CNT)-based nucleic acid constructs is critical to deploying them in vivo as gene delivery vehicles. This work explored the capability of f-CNT to bind single- and double-strand oligonucleotides by determining the thermodynamics and kinetics of assembly and the stoichiometric composition in aqueous solution. Surprisingly, the binding affinity of f-CNT and short oligonucleotide sequences was in the nanomolar range, kinetics of complexation were extremely rapid, and from one to five sequences were loaded per nanotube platform. Mechanistic evidence for an assembly process that involved electrostatic, hydrogen-bonding and π-stacking bonding interactions was obtained by varying nanotube functionalities, oligonucleotides, and reaction conditions. 31P-NMR and spectrophotometric fluorescence emission data described the conditions required to assemble and stably bind a DNA or RNA cargo for delivery in vivo and the amount of oligonucleotide that could be transported. The soluble oligonucleic acid-f-CNT supramolecular assemblies were suitable for use in vivo. Importantly, key evidence in support of an elegant mechanism by which the bound nucleic acid material can be 'off-loaded' from the f-CNT was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Alidori
- Departments of Medicine, Radiology, and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Karim Asqiriba
- Departments of Medicine, Radiology, and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Pablo Londero
- Department of Scientific Research, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028
| | - Magnus Bergkvist
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12203
| | - Marco Leona
- Department of Scientific Research, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Departments of Medicine, Radiology, and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael R. McDevitt
- Departments of Medicine, Radiology, and the Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
- Michael R. McDevitt, Ph.D., M.E. Tel: (646)888-2192; Fax: (646)422-0640;
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26
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Heister E, Brunner EW, Dieckmann GR, Jurewicz I, Dalton AB. Are carbon nanotubes a natural solution? Applications in biology and medicine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1870-1891. [PMID: 23427832 DOI: 10.1021/am302902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and materials based on carbon nanotubes have many perceived applications in the field of biomedicine. Several highly promising examples have been highlighted in the literature, ranging from their use as growth substrates or tissue scaffolds to acting as intracellular transporters for various therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In addition, carbon nanotubes have a strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region (in which tissue is transparent), which enables their use for biological imaging applications and photothermal ablation of tumors. Although these advances are potentially game-changing, excitement must be tempered somewhat as several bottlenecks exist. Carbon nanotube-based technologies ultimately have to compete with and out-perform existing technologies in terms of performance and price. Moreover, issues have been highlighted relating to toxicity, which presents an obstacle for the transition from preclinical to clinical use. Although many studies have suggested that well-functionalized carbon nanotubes appear to be safe to the treated animals, mainly rodents, long-term toxicity issues remains to be elucidated. In this report, we systematically highlight some of the most promising biomedical application areas of carbon nanotubes and review the interaction of carbon nanotubes with cultured cells and living organisms with a particular focus on in vivo biodistribution and potential adverse health effects. To conclude, future challenges and prospects of carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Heister
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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27
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Roxbury D, Jagota A, Mittal J. Structural Characteristics of Oligomeric DNA Strands Adsorbed onto Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roxbury
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United
States
| | - Anand Jagota
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United
States
| | - Jeetain Mittal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United
States
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28
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Zhang M, Zhou X, Iijima S, Yudasaka M. Small-sized carbon nanohorns enabling cellular uptake control. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2524-2531. [PMID: 22674899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes perform well in preclinical tests for drug delivery and diagnostic imaging, but controlling the size at less than 100 nm to avoid nonspecific uptake by reticuloendothelial systems while targeting delivery to cells of interest via receptor-mediated endocytosis is difficult, which currently limits their widespread use. Herein, 20-50-nm graphene tubules, small-sized single-walled carbon nanohorns (S-SWNHs), are obtained with a yield of 20% or higher by an oxidative exfoliation of 100 nm pristine SWNH aggregates. S-SWNHs are highly hydrophilic and remarkably resistant to cellular uptake by macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells), tumor cells (HeLa or KB), or normal cells (FHs 173We). The nonstimulatory property to cell membranes therefore makes cellular uptake control of S-SWNHs by functionalization easy. By attaching phospholipid polyethylene glycol, the cellular internalization of S-SWNHs is almost completely inhibited in RAW 264.7 macrophages. When functionalized with tumor-targeting folic acid (FA), FA-S-SWNHs are taken up by FA receptor-overexpressing KB cells but not by normal human embryonic cells (FHs 173We), which do not express the FA receptor. With a high rate of stealth and targeting in vitro, S-SWNHs are one of the most promising nanoparticles for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfang Zhang
- Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced, Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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29
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Liu Y, Welch MJ. Nanoparticles labeled with positron emitting nuclides: advantages, methods, and applications. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:671-82. [PMID: 22242601 PMCID: PMC3329595 DOI: 10.1021/bc200264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, positron emitter labeled nanoparticles have been widely used in and substantially improved for a range of diagnostic biomedical research. However, given growing interest in personalized medicine and translational research, a major challenge in the field will be to develop disease-specific nanoprobes with facile and robust radiolabeling strategies and that provide imaging stability, enhanced sensitivity for disease early stage detection, optimized in vivo pharmacokinetics for reduced nonspecific organ uptake, and improved targeting for elevated efficacy. This review briefly summarizes the major applications of nanoparticles labeled with positron emitters for cardiovascular imaging, lung diagnosis, and tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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30
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Chen C, Xie XX, Zhou Q, Zhang FY, Wang QL, Liu YQ, Zou Y, Tao Q, Ji XM, Yu SQ. EGF-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for targeting delivery of etoposide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:045104. [PMID: 22222202 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/4/045104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the therapeutic potential of etoposide (ETO), we devised a targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) of epidermal growth factor-chitosan-carboxyl single-walled carbon nanotubes-ETO (EGF/CHI/SWNT-COOHs/ETO) using modified SWNTs (m-SWNTs) as the carrier, EGF-functionalized SWNTs (f-SWNTs) as the targeted moiety and ETO as the drug. After SWNT-COOHs were conjugated with CHI (CHI/SWNT-COOHs/ETO), they displayed high solubility and stable dispersion in aqueous solution. The drug loading capacity was approximately 25-27%. The m-SWNTs and f-SWNTs had only slight cytotoxicity. ETO was released from EGF/CHI/SWNT-COOHs/ETO at low pH and taken up by tumour cells via adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent endocytosis. The cell death induced by EGF/CHI/SWNT-COOHs/ETO was as much as 2.7 times that due to ETO alone. In summary, these results demonstrated that our TDDS had a greater anticancer effect than free ETO in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Medical Materials and Applications, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Patlolla AK, Berry A, Tchounwou PB. Study of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in male Swiss-Webster mice exposed to functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:189-99. [PMID: 21725842 PMCID: PMC3768273 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the most promising material with unique characteristics, find its application in different fields ranging from composite materials to medicine and from electronics to energy storage. However, little is known about the mechanisms behind the interaction of these particles with cells and their toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects, after intraperitoneal (ip) injection, of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (carboxyl groups) on various hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers (ROS, LHP, ALT, AST, ALP, and morphology of liver) in the mouse model. The mice were dosed ip at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mg/kg/day for 5 days of purified/functionalized MWCNTs and two controls (negative; saline and positive; carbon black 0.75 mg/kg) as appropriate. Samples were collected 24 h after the fifth day treatment following standard protocols. Exposure to carboxylated functionalized MWCNT; the body-weight gain of the mice decreased, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhanced the activities of serum amino-transferases (ALT/AST), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), and concentration of lipid hydro peroxide compared to control. Histopathology of exposed liver showed a statistically significant effect in the morphological alterations of the tissue compared to controls. The cellular findings reported here do suggest that purified carboxylated functionalized MWCNT has the potential to induce hepatotoxicity in Swiss-Webster mice through activation of the mechanisms of oxidative stress, which warrant in vivo animal exposure studies. However, more studies of functionalization in the in vivo toxicity of MWCNTs are required and parallel comparison is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Patlolla
- Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, CSET, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Integrins have become key targets for molecular imaging and for selective delivery of anti-cancer agents. Here we review recent work concerning the targeted delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides via integrins. A variety of approaches have been used to link oligonucleotides to ligands capable of binding integrins with high specificity and affinity. This includes direct chemical conjugation, incorporating oligonucleotides into lipoplexes, and use of various polymeric nanocarriers including dendrimers. The ligand-oligonucleotide conjugate or complex associates selectively with the integrin, followed by internalization into endosomes and trafficking through subcellular compartments. Escape of antisense or siRNA from the endosome to the cytosol and nucleus may come about through endogenous trafficking mechanisms, or because of membrane disrupting capabilities built into the conjugate or complex. Thus a variety of useful strategies are available for using integrins to enhance the pharmacological efficacy of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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Heister E, Neves V, Silva SRP, McFadden J, Coley HM. Carbon Nanotubes Loaded with Anticancer Drugs: A Platform for Multimodal Cancer Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14802-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Kobayashi M, Kumagai S, Zheng B, Uraoka Y, Douglas T, Yamashita I. A water-soluble carbon nanotube network conjugated by nanoparticles with defined nanometre gaps. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3475-7. [PMID: 21305096 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cage-shaped proteins with an affinity for carbonaceous materials were constructed and used to assemble a nanostructure in which single-walled carbon nanotubes are surrounded by cobalt oxide nanoparticles with nanometre gaps. By changing the size of proteins and materials incorporated inside the cavity, similar structures with distinctively different properties can be fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mime Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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35
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Clavé G, Campidelli S. Efficient covalent functionalisation of carbon nanotubes: the use of “click chemistry”. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00342a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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36
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Zhao D, Alizadeh D, Zhang L, Liu W, Farrukh O, Manuel E, Diamond DJ, Badie B. Carbon nanotubes enhance CpG uptake and potentiate antiglioma immunity. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 17:771-82. [PMID: 21088258 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stimulation of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) has been shown to counteract the immunosuppressive microenvironment and to inhibit tumor growth in glioma models. Because TLR9 is located intracellularly, we hypothesized that methods that enhance its internalization may also potentiate its immunostimulatory response. The goal of this study was to evaluate carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a CpG delivery vehicle in brain tumor models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Functionalized single-walled CNTs were conjugated with CpG (CNT-CpG) and evaluated in vitro and in mice bearing intracranial GL261 gliomas. Flow cytometry was used to assess CNT-CpG uptake and antiglioma immune response. Tumor growth was measured by bioluminescent imaging, histology, and animal survival. RESULTS CNT-CpG was nontoxic and enhanced CpG uptake both in vitro and intracranial gliomas. CNT-mediated CpG delivery also potentiated proinflammatory cytokine production by primary monocytes. Interestingly, a single intracranial injection of low-dose CNT-CpG (but not free CpG or blank CNT) eradicated intracranial GL261 gliomas in half of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, surviving animals exhibited durable tumor-free remission (>3 months), and were protected from intracranial tumor rechallenge, demonstrating induction of long-term antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CNTs can potentiate CpG immunopotency by enhancing its delivery into tumor-associated inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang Zhao
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Ruggiero A, Villa CH, Holland JP, Sprinkle SR, May C, Lewis JS, Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR. Imaging and treating tumor vasculature with targeted radiolabeled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:783-802. [PMID: 21042424 PMCID: PMC2962274 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) constructs were covalently appended with radiometal-ion chelates (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid [DOTA] or desferrioxamine B [DFO]) and the tumor neovascular-targeting antibody E4G10. The E4G10 antibody specifically targeted the monomeric vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cad) epitope expressed in the tumor angiogenic vessels. The construct specific activity and blood compartment clearance kinetics were significantly improved relative to corresponding antibodyalone constructs. We performed targeted radioimmunotherapy with a SWCNT-([225Ac]DOTA) (E4G10) construct directed at the tumor vasculature in a murine xenograft model of human colon adenocarcinoma (LS174T). The specific construct reduced tumor volume and improved median survival relative to controls. We also performed positron emission tomographic (PET) radioimmunoimaging of the tumor vessels with a SWCNT-([89Zr]DFO)(E4G10) construct in the same murine LS174T xenograft model and compared the results to appropriate controls. Dynamic and longitudinal PET imaging of LS174T tumor-bearing mice demonstrated rapid blood clearance (<1 hour) and specific tumor accumulation of the specific construct. Incorporation of the SWCNT scaffold into the construct design permitted us to amplify the specific activity to improve the signal-to-noise ratio without detrimentally impacting the immunoreactivity of the targeting antibody moiety. Furthermore, we were able to exploit the SWCNT pharmacokinetic (PK) profile to favorably alter the blood clearance and provide an advantage for rapid imaging. Near-infrared three-dimensional fluorescent-mediated tomography was used to image the LS174T tumor model, collect antibody-alone PK data, and calculate the number of copies of VE-cad epitope per cell. All of these studies were performed as a single administration of construct and were found to be safe and well tolerated by the murine model. These data have implications that support further imaging and radiotherapy studies using a SWCNT-based platform and focusing on the tumor vessels as the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ruggiero
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Berlin JM, Leonard AD, Pham TT, Sano D, Marcano DC, Yan S, Fiorentino S, Milas ZL, Kosynkin DV, Katherine Price B, Lucente-Schultz RM, Wen X, Gabriela Raso M, Craig SL, Tran HT, Myers JN, Tour JM. Effective drug delivery, in vitro and in vivo, by carbon-based nanovectors noncovalently loaded with unmodified Paclitaxel. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4621-36. [PMID: 20681596 PMCID: PMC2935702 DOI: 10.1021/nn100975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many new drugs have low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a classic example of this type of compound. Here we show that extremely small (<40 nm) hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs) that are PEGylated (PEG-HCCs) are effective drug delivery vehicles when simply mixed with paclitaxel. This formulation of PTX sequestered in PEG-HCCs (PTX/PEG-HCCs) is stable for at least 20 weeks. The PTX/PEG-HCCs formulation was as effective as PTX in a clinical formulation in reducing tumor volumes in an orthotopic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Preliminary toxicity and biodistribution studies suggest that the PEG-HCCs are not acutely toxic and, like many other nanomaterials, are primarily accumulated in the liver and spleen. This work demonstrates that carbon nanomaterials are effective drug delivery vehicles in vivo when noncovalently loaded with an unmodified drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Ashley D. Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tam T. Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniela C. Marcano
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Shayou Yan
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stefania Fiorentino
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zvonimir L. Milas
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dmitry V. Kosynkin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - B. Katherine Price
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | | | - XiaoXia Wen
- Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - M. Gabriela Raso
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Craig
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hai T. Tran
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- ;
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- ;
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Abstract
The molecular weight cutoff for glomerular filtration is thought to be 30-50 kDa. Here we report rapid and efficient filtration of molecules 10-20 times that mass and a model for the mechanism of this filtration. We conducted multimodal imaging studies in mice to investigate renal clearance of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) construct covalently appended with ligands allowing simultaneous dynamic positron emission tomography, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and microscopy. These SWCNTs have a length distribution ranging from 100 to 500 nm. The average length was determined to be 200-300 nm, which would yield a functionalized construct with a molecular weight of approximately 350-500 kDa. The construct was rapidly (t(1/2) approximately 6 min) renally cleared intact by glomerular filtration, with partial tubular reabsorption and transient translocation into the proximal tubular cell nuclei. Directional absorption was confirmed in vitro using polarized renal cells. Active secretion via transporters was not involved. Mathematical modeling of the rotational diffusivity showed the tendency of flow to orient SWCNTs of this size to allow clearance via the glomerular pores. Surprisingly, these results raise questions about the rules for renal filtration, given that these large molecules (with aspect ratios ranging from 100:1 to 500:1) were cleared similarly to small molecules. SWCNTs and other novel nanomaterials are being actively investigated for potential biomedical applications, and these observations-that high aspect ratio as well as large molecular size have an impact on glomerular filtration-will allow the design of novel nanoscale-based therapeutics with unusual pharmacologic characteristics.
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40
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Joshi BP, Wang TD. Exogenous Molecular Probes for Targeted Imaging in Cancer: Focus on Multi-modal Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1251-87. [PMID: 22180839 PMCID: PMC3237638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2021251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in our health care system. Molecular imaging is an emerging methodology for the early detection of cancer, and the development of exogenous molecular probes that can be labeled for multi-modality imaging is critical to this process. Today, molecular imaging is at crossroad, and new targeted imaging agents are expected to broadly expand our ability to detect pre-malignant lesions. This integrated imaging strategy will permit clinicians to not only localize lesions within the body, but also to visualize the expression and activity of specific molecules. This information is expected to have a major impact on diagnosis, therapy, drug development and understanding of basic cancer biology. At this time, a number of molecular probes have been developed by conjugating various labels to affinity ligands for targeting in different imaging modalities. This review will describe the current status of exogenous molecular probes for optical, nuclear and MRI imaging platforms. Furthermore, we will also shed light on how these techniques can be used synergistically in multi-modal platforms and how these techniques are being employed in current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P. Joshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 1722, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 1722, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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41
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Scheinberg DA, Villa CH, Escorcia FE, McDevitt MR. Conscripts of the infinite armada: systemic cancer therapy using nanomaterials. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010; 7:266-76. [PMID: 20351700 PMCID: PMC4411965 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The field of clinical nanomaterials is enlarging steadily, with more than a billion US dollars of funding allocated to research by US government agencies in the past decade. The first generation of anti-cancer agents using novel nanomaterials has successfully entered widespread use. Newer nanomaterials are garnering increasing interest as potential multifunctional therapeutic agents; these drugs are conferred novel properties, by virtue of their size and shape. The new features of these agents could potentially allow increased cancer selectivity, changes in pharmacokinetics, amplification of cytotoxic effects, and simultaneous imaging capabilities. After attachment to cancer target reactive-ligands, which interact with cell-surface antigens or receptors, these new constructs can deliver cytolytic and imaging payloads. The molecules also introduce new challenges for drug development. While nanoscale molecules are of a similar size to proteins, the paradigms for how cells, tissues and organs of the body react to the non-biological materials are not well understood, because most cellular and metabolic processes have evolved to deal with globular, enzyme degradable molecules. We discuss examples of different materials to illustrate interesting principles for development and future applications of these nanomaterial medicines with emphasis on the possible pharmacologic and safety hurdles for accomplishing therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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42
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Kateb B, Yamamoto V, Alizadeh D, Zhang L, Manohara HM, Bronikowski MJ, Badie B. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) synthesis, preparation, labeling, and functionalization. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 651:307-317. [PMID: 20686974 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-786-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a growing field with a great potential for introducing new generation of targeted and personalized drug. Amongst new generation of nano-vectors are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which can be produced as single or multi-walled. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be fabricated as biocompatible nanostructures (cylindrical bulky tubes). These structures are currently under investigation for their application in nanomedicine as viable and safe nanovectors for gene and drug delivery. In this chapter, we will provide you with the necessary information to understand the synthesis of MWCNTs, functionalization, PKH26 labeling, RNAi, and DNA loading for in vitro experimentation and in vivo implantation of labeled MWCNT in mice as well as materials used in this experimentation. We used this technique to manipulate microglia as part of a novel application for the brain cancer immunotherapy. Our published data show this is a promising technique for labeling, and gene and drug delivery into microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Kateb
- Brain Mapping Foundation and International Brain Mapping & Intraoperative Surgical Planning Society (IBMISPS), West Hollywood, CA, USA
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43
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Wu HC, Chang X, Liu L, Zhao F, Zhao Y. Chemistry of carbon nanotubes in biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b911099m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Pal S, Chandra S, Phan MH, Mukherjee P, Srikanth H. Carbon nanostraws: nanotubes filled with superparamagnetic nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:485604. [PMID: 19880982 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/48/485604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A two-step magnetically assisted capillary action method is demonstrated as a facile technique to produce hollow carbon nanotubes filled with uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). Template-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown CNTs with average diameter 200-300 nm and length 5-6 microm were effectively used as 'nanostraws' to suck in chemically synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (mean size approximately 6 nm) in a ferrofluid suspension. Temperature and magnetic field-dependent DC magnetization measurements indicate that these functionalized nanotubes are superparamagnetic at room temperature with enhanced interparticle interactions due to the close packing of the nanoparticles within the tubes. Magnetic relaxation phenomena in these filled nanotubes are probed using frequency-dependent AC susceptibility. The reasonably large saturation magnetization (M(s) = 65 emu g(-1)) attained in these nanostructures makes them very promising for a diverse set of applications that utilize both the magnetic and dielectric functionalities of these composite nanotube materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Pal
- Integrated Functional Materials Group, Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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45
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Moon HK, Lee SH, Choi HC. In vivo near-infrared mediated tumor destruction by photothermal effect of carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2009; 3:3707-13. [PMID: 19877694 DOI: 10.1021/nn900904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The photothermal therapy using nanomaterials has been recently attracted as an efficient strategy for the next generation of cancer treatments. Single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) is an upcoming potent candidate for the photothermal therapeutic agent since it generates significant amounts of heat upon excitation with near-infrared light (NIR, lambda = 700-1100 nm) which is transparent to biological systems including skins. Such a photothermal effect can be employed to induce thermal cell death in a noninvasive manner. Here, we demonstrate in vivo obliteration of solid malignant tumors by the combined treatments of SWNTs and NIR irradiation. The photothermally treated mice displayed complete destruction of the tumors without harmful side effects or recurrence of tumors over 6 months, while the tumors treated in other control groups were continuously grown until the death of the mice. Most of the injected SWNTs were almost completely excreted from mice bodies in about 2 months through biliary or urinary pathway. These results suggest that SWNTs may potentially serve as an effective photothermal agent and pave the way to future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Korea
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46
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Ji Z, Zhang D, Li L, Shen X, Deng X, Dong L, Wu M, Liu Y. The hepatotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in mice. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:445101. [PMID: 19801780 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/44/445101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The hepatotoxicity of two types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), acid-oxidized MWCNTs (O-MWCNTs) and Tween-80-dispersed MWCNTs (T-MWCNTs), were investigated with Kunming mice exposed to 10 and 60 mg kg(-1) by intravenous injection for 15 and 60 d. Compared with the PBS group, the body-weight gain of the mice decreased and the level of total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase increased in the MWCNT-exposed group with a significant dose-effect relationship, while tumor necrosis factor alpha level did not show significant statistical change within 60 d. Spotty necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration in portal region, hepatocyte mitochondria swelling and lysis were observed with a significant dose-effect relationship in the MWCNT groups. Liver damage of the T-MWCNT group was more severe than that of the O-MWCNT group according to the Roenigk classification system. Furthermore, T-MWCNTs induce slight liver oxidative damage in mice at 15 d, which was recovered at 60 d. Part of the gene expressions of mouse liver in the MWCNT groups changed compared to the PBS group, including GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors), cholesterol biosynthesis, metabolism by cytochrome P450, natural-killer-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, TNF- alpha, NF-kappaB signaling pathway, etc. In the P450 pathway, the gene expressions of Gsta2 (down-regulated), Cyp2B19 (up-regulated) and Cyp2C50 (down-regulated) had significant changes in the MWCNT groups. These results show that a high dose of T-MWCNTs can induce hepatic toxicity in mice while O-MWCNTs seem to have less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfei Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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47
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Akiyama K, Haba H, Sueki K, Tsukada K, Asai M, Toyoshima A, Nagame Y, Katada M. 225Ac Metallofullerene: Toward225Ac Nanogenerator in Fullerene. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Hong H, Zhang Y, Sun J, Cai W. Molecular imaging and therapy of cancer with radiolabeled nanoparticles. NANO TODAY 2009; 4:399-413. [PMID: 20161038 PMCID: PMC2753977 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art of radiolabeled nanoparticles for molecular imaging and internal radiotherapy applications targeting cancer. With the capacity to provide enormous flexibility, radiolabeled nanoparticles have the potential to profoundly impact disease diagnosis and patient management in the near future. Currently, the major challenges facing the research on radiolabeled nanoparticles are desirable (tumor) targeting efficacy, robust chemistry for both radionuclide encapsulation/incorporation and targeting ligand conjugation, favorable safety profile, as well as certain commercial and regulatory hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Room 7137, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA. Tel.: +1 608 262 1749; fax: +1 608 263 8613. (W. Cai)
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49
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Yang ST, Wang H, Meziani MJ, Liu Y, Wang X, Sun YP. Biodefunctionalization of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2009-12. [PMID: 19425548 PMCID: PMC2886730 DOI: 10.1021/bm900263z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified carbon nanotubes with hydrophilic functionalities such as polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are widely pursued for potential biological and biomedical applications. In this study, PEGylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (PEG-SWNT) were intravenously administrated into mice to study their biodefunctionalization in vivo by using complementary Raman and photoluminescence measurements. There was meaningful defunctionalization of PEG-SWNT in liver over time, but not in spleen under similar conditions. The evidence from spectroscopic characterization and analyses is presented, and mechanistic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mohammed J. Meziani
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, USA
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, USA
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50
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Abstract
Nanoparticle-based molecular imaging has emerged as an interdisciplinary field which involves physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have unique properties which make them suitable for applications in a variety of imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance, near-infrared fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, photoacoustic tomography, and radionuclide-based imaging. In this review, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art of SWCNTs in molecular imaging applications. Multifunctionality is the key advantage of nanoparticles over traditional approaches. Targeting ligands, imaging labels, therapeutic drugs, and many other agents can all be integrated into the nanoparticle to allow for targeted molecular imaging and molecular therapy by encompassing many biological and biophysical barriers. A multifunctional, SWCNT-based nanoplatform holds great potential for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ting Gao
- Tyco Electronics Corporation, 306 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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