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Baines O, Sha R, Kalla M, Holmes AP, Efimov IR, Pavlovic D, O’Shea C. Optical mapping and optogenetics in cardiac electrophysiology research and therapy: a state-of-the-art review. Europace 2024; 26:euae017. [PMID: 38227822 PMCID: PMC10847904 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art innovations in optical cardiac electrophysiology are significantly enhancing cardiac research. A potential leap into patient care is now on the horizon. Optical mapping, using fluorescent probes and high-speed cameras, offers detailed insights into cardiac activity and arrhythmias by analysing electrical signals, calcium dynamics, and metabolism. Optogenetics utilizes light-sensitive ion channels and pumps to realize contactless, cell-selective cardiac actuation for modelling arrhythmia, restoring sinus rhythm, and probing complex cell-cell interactions. The merging of optogenetics and optical mapping techniques for 'all-optical' electrophysiology marks a significant step forward. This combination allows for the contactless actuation and sensing of cardiac electrophysiology, offering unprecedented spatial-temporal resolution and control. Recent studies have performed all-optical imaging ex vivo and achieved reliable optogenetic pacing in vivo, narrowing the gap for clinical use. Progress in optical electrophysiology continues at pace. Advances in motion tracking methods are removing the necessity of motion uncoupling, a key limitation of optical mapping. Innovations in optoelectronics, including miniaturized, biocompatible illumination and circuitry, are enabling the creation of implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators with optoelectrical closed-loop systems. Computational modelling and machine learning are emerging as pivotal tools in enhancing optical techniques, offering new avenues for analysing complex data and optimizing therapeutic strategies. However, key challenges remain including opsin delivery, real-time data processing, longevity, and chronic effects of optoelectronic devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in optical mapping and optogenetics and outlines the promising future of optics in reshaping cardiac electrophysiology and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Baines
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rina Sha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Manish Kalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Ramon J, Engelen Y, De Keersmaecker H, Goemaere I, Punj D, Mejía Morales J, Bonte C, Berx G, Hoste E, Stremersch S, Lentacker I, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K. Laser-induced vapor nanobubbles for B16-F10 melanoma cell killing and intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutics. J Control Release 2024; 365:1019-1036. [PMID: 38065413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The most lethal form of skin cancer is cutaneous melanoma, a tumor that develops in the melanocytes, which are found in the epidermis. The treatment strategy of melanoma is dependent on the stage of the disease and often requires combined local and systemic treatment. Over the years, systemic treatment of melanoma has been revolutionized and shifted toward immunotherapeutic approaches. Phototherapies like photothermal therapy (PTT) have gained considerable attention in the field, mainly because of their straightforward applicability in melanoma skin cancer, combined with the fact that these strategies are able to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), linked with a specific antitumor immune response. However, PTT comes with the risk of uncontrolled heating of the surrounding healthy tissue due to heat dissipation. Here, we used pulsed laser irradiation of endogenous melanin-containing melanosomes to induce cell killing of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells in a non-thermal manner. Pulsed laser irradiation of the B16-F10 cells resulted in the formation of water vapor nanobubbles (VNBs) around endogenous melanin-containing melanosomes, causing mechanical cell damage. We demonstrated that laser-induced VNBs are able to kill B16-F10 cells with high spatial resolution. When looking more deeply into the cell death mechanism, we found that a large part of the B16-F10 cells succumbed rapidly after pulsed laser irradiation, reaching maximum cell death already after 4 h. Practically all necrotic cells demonstrated exposure of phosphatidylserine on the plasma membrane and caspase-3/7 activity, indicative of regulated cell death. Furthermore, calreticulin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), three key damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in ICD, were found to be exposed from B16-F10 cells upon pulsed laser irradiation to an extent that exceeded or was comparable to the bona fide ICD-inducer, doxorubicin. Finally, we could demonstrate that VNB formation from melanosomes induced plasma membrane permeabilization. This allowed for enhanced intracellular delivery of bleomycin, an ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic, which further boosted cell death with the potential to improve the systemic antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ramon
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Biophotonics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yanou Engelen
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core Facility, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ilia Goemaere
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Biophotonics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Deep Punj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Biophotonics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Julián Mejía Morales
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cédric Bonte
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Geert Berx
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Esther Hoste
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stephan Stremersch
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Biophotonics Research Group, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Nanomaterial-mediated photoporation for intracellular delivery. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:24-48. [PMID: 36584801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of extrinsic molecules into living cells is becoming increasingly crucial in biological studies ranging from cell engineering to biomedical applications. The concerns regarding biosafety and immunogenicity for conventional vectors and physical methods yet challenge effective intracellular delivery. Here, we begin with an overview of approaches for trans-membrane delivery up to now. These methods are featured with a relatively mature application but usually encounter low cell survival. Our review then proposes an advanced application for nanomaterial-sensitized photoporation triggered with a laser. We cover the mechanisms, procedures, and outcomes of photoporation-induced intracellular delivery with a highlight on its versatility to different living cells. We hope the review discussed here encourages researchers to further improvement and applications for photoporation-induced intracellular delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
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Shakoor A, Gao W, Zhao L, Jiang Z, Sun D. Advanced tools and methods for single-cell surgery. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:47. [PMID: 35502330 PMCID: PMC9054775 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly precise micromanipulation tools that can manipulate and interrogate cell organelles and components must be developed to support the rapid development of new cell-based medical therapies, thereby facilitating in-depth understanding of cell dynamics, cell component functions, and disease mechanisms. This paper presents a literature review on micro/nanomanipulation tools and their control methods for single-cell surgery. Micromanipulation methods specifically based on laser, microneedle, and untethered micro/nanotools are presented in detail. The limitations of these techniques are also discussed. The biological significance and clinical applications of single-cell surgery are also addressed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Shakoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wendi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, The School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, The School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, The School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, The School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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5
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Liposome-Tethered Gold Nanoparticles Triggered by Pulsed NIR Light for Rapid Liposome Contents Release and Endosome Escape. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040701. [PMID: 35456535 PMCID: PMC9025641 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote triggering of contents release with micron spatial and sub-second temporal resolution has been a long-time goal of medical and technical applications of liposomes. Liposomes can sequester a variety of bioactive water-soluble ions, ligands and enzymes, and oligonucleotides. The bilayer that separates the liposome interior from the exterior solution provides a physical barrier to contents release and degradation. Tethering plasmon-resonant, hollow gold nanoshells to the liposomes, or growing gold nanoparticles directly on the liposome exterior, allows liposome contents to be released by nanosecond or shorter pulses of near-infrared light (NIR). Gold nanoshells or nanoparticles strongly adsorb NIR light; cells, tissues, and physiological media are transparent to NIR, allowing penetration depths of millimeters to centimeters. Nano to picosecond pulses of NIR light rapidly heat the gold nanoshells, inducing the formation of vapor nanobubbles, similar to cavitation bubbles. The collapse of the nanobubbles generates mechanical forces that rupture bilayer membranes to rapidly release liposome contents at the preferred location and time. Here, we review the syntheses, characterization, and applications of liposomes coupled to plasmon-resonant gold nanostructures for delivering a variety of biologically important contents in vitro and in vivo with sub-micron spatial control and sub-second temporal control.
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Xiong R, Xu RX, Huang C, De Smedt S, Braeckmans K. Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5746-5776. [PMID: 33972972 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles have received increased attention for their application in spatial and temporal resolution of diagnostic techniques and therapies, particularly in multiple imaging methods, and they thus have significant potential for applications in the field of biomedicine. This review presents an overview of the recent advances in the development of stimuli-responsive nanobubbles and their novel applications. Properties of both internal- and external-stimuli responsive nanobubbles are highlighted and discussed considering the potential features required for biomedical applications. Furthermore, the methods used for synthesis and characterization of nanobubbles are outlined. Finally, novel biomedical applications are proposed alongside the advantages and shortcomings inherent to stimuli-responsive nanobubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranhua Xiong
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, P. R. China and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Harizaj A, Descamps B, Mangodt C, Stremersch S, Stoppa A, Balcaen L, Brans T, De Rooster H, Devriendt N, Fraire JC, Bolea-Fernandez E, De Wever O, Willaert W, Vanhaecke F, Stevens CV, De Smedt SC, Roman B, Vanhove C, Lentacker I, Braeckmans K. Cytosolic delivery of gadolinium via photoporation enables improved in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4005-4018. [PMID: 33899850 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal in vivo monitoring of transplanted cells is crucial to perform cancer research or to assess the treatment outcome of cell-based therapies. While several bio-imaging techniques can be used, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly stands out in terms of high spatial resolution and excellent soft-tissue contrast. However, MRI suffers from low sensitivity, requiring cells to be labeled with high concentrations of contrast agents. An interesting option is to label cells with clinically approved gadolinium chelates which generate a hyperintense MR signal. However, spontaneous uptake of the label via pinocytosis results in its endosomal sequestration, leading to quenching of the T1-weighted relaxation. To avoid this quenching effect, delivery of gadolinium chelates directly into the cytosol via electroporation or hypotonic cell swelling have been proposed. However, these methods are also accompanied by several drawbacks such as a high cytotoxicity, and changes in gene expression and phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that nanoparticle-sensitized laser induced photoporation forms an attractive alternative to efficiently deliver the contrast agent gadobutrol into the cytosol of both HeLa and SK-OV-3 IP1 cells. After intracellular delivery by photoporation the quenching effect is clearly avoided, leading to a strong increase in the hyperintense T1-weighted MR signal. Moreover, when compared to nucleofection as a state-of-the-art electroporation platform, photoporation has much less impact on cell viability, which is extremely important for reliable cell tracking studies. Additional experiments confirm that photoporation does not induce any change in the long-term viability or the migratory capacity of the cells. Finally, we show that gadolinium 'labeled' SK-OV-3 IP1 cells can be imaged in vivo by MRI with high soft-tissue contrast and spatial resolution, revealing indications of potential tumor invasion or angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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8
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Harizaj A, Van Hauwermeiren F, Stremersch S, De Rycke R, De Keersmaecker H, Brans T, Fraire JC, Grauwen K, De Smedt SC, Lentacker I, Lamkanfi M, Braeckmans K. Nanoparticle-sensitized photoporation enables inflammasome activation studies in targeted single cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6592-6604. [PMID: 33885539 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that guard against cellular stress and microbial infections. Inflammasome activation studies frequently require delivery of pathogen-derived virulence factors into the cytosol of macrophages and other innate immune cells. This is a challenging requirement since primary macrophages are difficult-to-transfect, especially when it comes to the intracellular delivery of proteins. Here, we report on the use of nanoparticle-sensitized photoporation as a promising upcoming intracellular delivery technology for delivering proteins of various molecular weights into the cytosol of primary macrophages. While 60-70 nm gold nanoparticles are the most commonly used sensitizing nanoparticles for photoporation, here we find that 0.5 μm iron oxide nanoparticles perform markedly better on primary macrophages. We demonstrate that LFn-FlaA or lipopolysaccharides can be delivered in primary macrophages resulting in activation of the NLRC4 or the non-canonical inflammasome, respectively. We furthermore show that photoporation can be used for targeted delivery of these toxins into selected cells, opening up the possibility to study the interaction between inflammasome activated cells and surrounding healthy cells. Taken together, these results show that nanoparticle-sensitized photoporation is very well suited to deliver pathogenic virulence factors in primary macrophages, thus constituting an effective new enabling technology for inflammasome activation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Zhao C, Man T, Xu X, Yang Q, Liu W, Jonas SJ, Teitell MA, Chiou PY, Weiss PS. Photothermal Intracellular Delivery Using Gold Nanodisk Arrays. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 2:1475-1483. [PMID: 34708213 PMCID: PMC8547743 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Local heating using pulsed laser-induced photothermal effects on plasmonic nanostructured substrates can be used for intracellular delivery applications. However, the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructured interfaces is hampered by complex nanomanufacturing schemes. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of large-area plasmonic gold (Au) nanodisk arrays that enable photothermal intracellular delivery of biomolecular cargo at high efficiency. The Au nanodisks (350 nm in diameter) were fabricated using chemical lift-off lithography (CLL). Nanosecond laser pulses were used to excite the plasmonic nanostructures, thereby generating transient pores at the outer membranes of targeted cells that enable the delivery of biomolecules via diffusion. Delivery efficiencies of >98% were achieved using the cell impermeable dye calcein (0.6 kDa) as a model payload, while maintaining cell viabilities at >98%. The highly efficient intracellular delivery approach demonstrated in this work will facilitate translational studies targeting molecular screening and drug testing that bridge laboratory and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tianxing Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven J Jonas
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael A Teitell
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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10
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Santra TS, Kar S, Chen TC, Chen CW, Borana J, Lee MC, Tseng FG. Near-infrared nanosecond-pulsed laser-activated highly efficient intracellular delivery mediated by nano-corrugated mushroom-shaped gold-coated polystyrene nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12057-12067. [PMID: 32469040 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, an efficient intracellular delivery of molecules with high cell viability is reported using nanosecond-pulsed laser-activated plasmonic photoporation, mediated by high-aspect-ratio nano-corrugated mushroom-shaped gold-coated polystyrene nanoparticles (nm-AuPNPs) at near-infrared wavelength. Upon pulsed laser illumination, nm-AuPNPs exhibit greater plasmonic extinction than spherical AuPNPs, which increase their energy efficiency and reduce the necessary illumination of light, effectively controlling cell damage and improving the delivery efficiency. Nm-AuPNPs exhibit surface plasmon absorption at near infrared region with a peak at 945 nm. Pulsed laser illumination at this plasmon peak triggers explosive nanobubbles, which create transient membrane pores, allowing the delivery of dyes, quantum dots and plasmids into the different cell types. The results can be tuned by laser fluence, exposure time, molecular size and concentration of nm-AuPNPs. The best results are found for CL1-0 cells, which yielded a 94% intracellular PI dye uptake and ∼100% cell viability at 35 mJ cm-2 laser fluence for 945 nm wavelength. Thus, the presented approach has proven to have an inevitable potential for biological cell research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
| | - Srabani Kar
- Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Te-Chang Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Jayant Borana
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chang Lee
- Institute of Photonics Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. and Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan and Division of Mechanics, Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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11
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Liu J, Fraire JC, De Smedt SC, Xiong R, Braeckmans K. Intracellular Labeling with Extrinsic Probes: Delivery Strategies and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000146. [PMID: 32351015 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extrinsic probes have outstanding properties for intracellular labeling to visualize dynamic processes in and of living cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Since extrinsic probes are in many cases cell-impermeable, different biochemical, and physical approaches have been used to break the cell membrane barrier for direct delivery into the cytoplasm. In this Review, these intracellular delivery strategies are discussed, briefly explaining the mechanisms and how they are used for live-cell labeling applications. Methods that are discussed include three biochemical agents that are used for this purpose-purpose-different nanocarriers, cell penetrating peptides and the pore-foraming bacterial toxin streptolysin O. Most successful intracellular label delivery methods are, however, based on physical principles to permeabilize the membrane and include electroporation, laser-induced photoporation, micro- and nanoinjection, nanoneedles or nanostraws, microfluidics, and nanomachines. The strengths and weaknesses of each strategy are discussed with a systematic comparison provided. Finally, the extrinsic probes that are reported for intracellular labeling so-far are summarized, together with the delivery strategies that are used and their performance. This combined information should provide for a useful guide for choosing the most suitable delivery method for the desired probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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12
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Recent advances in micro/nanoscale intracellular delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Shin JE, Ogunyankin MO, Zasadzinski JA. Near Infrared-Triggered Liposome Cages for Rapid, Localized Small Molecule Delivery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1706. [PMID: 32015363 PMCID: PMC6997424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photolabile chelating cages or protecting groups need complex chemical syntheses and require UV, visible, or two-photon NIR light to trigger release. Different cages have different solubilities, reaction rates, and energies required for triggering. Here we show that liposomes containing calcium, adenosine triphosphate, or carboxyfluorescein are tethered to plasmon-resonant hollow gold nanoshells (HGN) tuned to absorb light from 650-950 nm. Picosecond pulses of near infrared (NIR) light provided by a two-photon microscope, or by a stand-alone laser during flow through microfluidic channels, trigger contents release with spatial and temporal control. NIR light adsorption heats the HGN, inducing vapor nanobubbles that rupture the liposome, releasing cargo within milliseconds. Any water-soluble molecule can be released at essentially the same rate from the liposome-HGN. By using liposomes of different composition, or HGN of different sizes or shapes with different nanobubble threshold fluences, or irradiating on or off resonance, two different cargoes can be released simultaneously, one before the other, or in a desired ratio. Calcium release from liposome-HGN can be spatially patterned to crosslink alginate gels and trap living cells. Liposome-HGN provide stable, biocompatible isolation of the bioactive compound from its surroundings with minimal interactions with the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.,Bristol, Myers, Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08902, USA
| | - Joseph A Zasadzinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
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14
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Man T, Zhu X, Chow YT, Dawson ER, Wen X, Patananan AN, Liu TL, Zhao C, Wu C, Hong JS, Chung PS, Clemens DL, Lee BY, Weiss PS, Teitell MA, Chiou PY. Intracellular Photothermal Delivery for Suspension Cells Using Sharp Nanoscale Tips in Microwells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10835-10844. [PMID: 31487464 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Efficient intracellular delivery of biomolecules into cells that grow in suspension is of great interest for biomedical research, such as for applications in cancer immunotherapy. Although tremendous effort has been expended, it remains challenging for existing transfer platforms to deliver materials efficiently into suspension cells. Here, we demonstrate a high-efficiency photothermal delivery approach for suspension cells using sharp nanoscale metal-coated tips positioned at the edge of microwells, which provide controllable membrane disruption for each cell in an array. Self-aligned microfabrication generates a uniform microwell array with three-dimensional nanoscale metallic sharp tip structures. Suspension cells self-position by gravity within each microwell in direct contact with eight sharp tips, where laser-induced cavitation bubbles generate transient pores in the cell membrane to facilitate intracellular delivery of extracellular cargo. A range of cargo sizes were tested on this platform using Ramos suspension B cells with an efficiency of >84% for Calcein green (0.6 kDa) and >45% for FITC-dextran (2000 kDa), with retained viability of >96% and a throughput of >100 000 cells delivered per minute. The bacterial enzyme β-lactamase (29 kDa) was delivered into Ramos B cells and retained its biological activity, whereas a green fluorescence protein expression plasmid was delivered into Ramos B cells with a transfection efficiency of >58%, and a viability of >89% achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Xiongfeng Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Yu Ting Chow
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Emma R Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Ximiao Wen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Tingyi Leo Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Cong Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Jason S Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Pei-Shan Chung
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Daniel L Clemens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Bai-Yu Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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15
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Sauvage F, Fraire JC, Remaut K, Sebag J, Peynshaert K, Harrington M, Van de Velde FJ, Xiong R, Tassignon MJ, Brans T, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC. Photoablation of Human Vitreous Opacities by Light-Induced Vapor Nanobubbles. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8401-8416. [PMID: 31287662 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myopia, diabetes, and aging are the main causes of progressive vitreous collagen aggregation, resulting in vitreous opacities, which can significantly disturb vision. As vitreous opacities, which induce the visual phenomenon of "floaters", are accessible with nanomaterials and light, we propose a nanotechnology-based approach to locally ablate them with highly reduced light energy compared to the more traditional YAG laser therapy. Our strategy relies on the plasmon properties of gold nanoparticles that generate vapor nanobubbles upon pulsed-laser illumination whose mechanical force can ablate vitreous opacities. We designed gold nanoparticles coated with hyaluronic acid (HA), which have excellent diffusional mobility in human vitreous, an essential requirement to reach the vitreous opacities. In addition, we found that HA-coated gold nanoparticles can accumulate extensively on human vitreous opacities that were obtained by vitrectomy from patients with vision-degrading myodesopsia. When subsequently applying nanosecond laser pulses, the collagen aggregates were efficiently destroyed with ∼1000 times less light energy than typically used in YAG laser therapy. This low-energy "floater-specific destruction", which is due to the accumulation of the small gold nanoparticles on the opacities, is attractive, as it may be safer to the surrounding ocular tissues while at the same time being easier and faster to apply compared to YAG laser therapy, where the opacities need to be ablated piece by piece by a tightly focused laser beam. Gold nanoparticle-assisted photoablation may therefore provide a safer, faster, and more reliable destruction of vitreous opacities in the treatment of ophthalmologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - J Sebag
- VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina , Huntington Beach , California 92647 , United States
- Doheny Eye Institute/UCLA , Los Angeles , California 90033 , United States
| | - Karen Peynshaert
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Michael Harrington
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes , Pasadena , California 91105 , United States
| | - Frans J Van de Velde
- Schepens Eye Research Institute , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Marie-José Tassignon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital , University of Antwerp , Antwerp 2020 , Belgium
| | - Toon Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
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16
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Shin JE, Ogunyankin MO, Zasadzinski JA. Perfluoroheptane-Loaded Hollow Gold Nanoshells Reduce Nanobubble Threshold Flux. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804476. [PMID: 30653279 PMCID: PMC8908779 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The threshold flux for nanobubble formation and liposome rupture is reduced by 50-60% by adding a liquid mixture of tetradecanol and perfluoroheptane to the interior cavity of 40 nm diameter hollow gold nanoshells (HGN), and allowing the tetradecanol to solidify to hold the perfluoroheptane in place. On absorption of picosecond pulses of near-infrared light, the perfluoroheptane vaporizes to initiate cavitation-like nanobubbles as the HGN temperature increases. The lower spinodal temperature and heat capacity of perfluoroheptane relative to water causes the threshold flux for nanobubble formation to decrease. The perfluoroheptane-containing HGN can be linked via thiol-PEG-lipid tethers to carboxyfluorescein-containing liposomes and shows a similar decreased flux necessary for liposome contents release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph A. Zasadzinski
- to whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Joseph A. Zasadzinski, 380 Amundson Hall, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, ,
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17
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Ogunyankin MO, Shin JE, Lapotko DO, Ferry VE, Zasadzinski JA. Optimizing the NIR Fluence Threshold for Nanobubble Generation by Controlled Synthesis of 10 - 40 nm Hollow Gold Nanoshells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1705272. [PMID: 31467502 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.v28.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The laser fluence to trigger nanobubbles around hollow gold nanoshells (HGN) with near infrared light was examined through systematic modification of HGN size, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), HGN concentration, and surface coverage. Improved temperature control during silver template synthesis provided monodisperse, silver templates as small as 9 nm. 10 nm HGN with < 2 nm shell thickness were prepared from these templates with a range of surface plasmon resonances from 600 - 900 nm. The fluence of picosecond near infrared (NIR) pulses to induce transient vapor nanobubbles decreased with HGN size at a fixed LSPR wavelength, unlike solid gold nanoparticles of similar dimensions that require an increased fluence with decreasing size. Nanobubble generation causes the HGN to melt with a blue shift of the LSPR. The nanobubble threshold fluence increases as the irradiation wavelength moves off the nanoshell LSPR. Surface treatment did not influence the threshold fluence. The threshold fluence increased with decreasing HGN concentration, suggesting that light localization through multiple scattering plays a role. The nanobubble threshold to rupture liposomes is 4 times smaller for 10 nm than for 40 nm HGN at a given LSPR, allowing us to use HGN size, LSPR, laser wavelength and fluence to control nanobubble generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jeong Eun Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Dmitri O Lapotko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Vivian E Ferry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Joseph A Zasadzinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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18
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Ogunyankin MO, Shin JE, Lapotko DO, Ferry VE, Zasadzinski JA. Optimizing the NIR Fluence Threshold for Nanobubble Generation by Controlled Synthesis of 10 - 40 nm Hollow Gold Nanoshells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2018; 28:1705272. [PMID: 31467502 PMCID: PMC6715300 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201705272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The laser fluence to trigger nanobubbles around hollow gold nanoshells (HGN) with near infrared light was examined through systematic modification of HGN size, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), HGN concentration, and surface coverage. Improved temperature control during silver template synthesis provided monodisperse, silver templates as small as 9 nm. 10 nm HGN with < 2 nm shell thickness were prepared from these templates with a range of surface plasmon resonances from 600 - 900 nm. The fluence of picosecond near infrared (NIR) pulses to induce transient vapor nanobubbles decreased with HGN size at a fixed LSPR wavelength, unlike solid gold nanoparticles of similar dimensions that require an increased fluence with decreasing size. Nanobubble generation causes the HGN to melt with a blue shift of the LSPR. The nanobubble threshold fluence increases as the irradiation wavelength moves off the nanoshell LSPR. Surface treatment did not influence the threshold fluence. The threshold fluence increased with decreasing HGN concentration, suggesting that light localization through multiple scattering plays a role. The nanobubble threshold to rupture liposomes is 4 times smaller for 10 nm than for 40 nm HGN at a given LSPR, allowing us to use HGN size, LSPR, laser wavelength and fluence to control nanobubble generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jeong Eun Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Dmitri O Lapotko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Vivian E Ferry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Joseph A Zasadzinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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19
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Xiong R, Joris F, Liang S, De Rycke R, Lippens S, Demeester J, Skirtach A, Raemdonck K, Himmelreich U, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K. Cytosolic Delivery of Nanolabels Prevents Their Asymmetric Inheritance and Enables Extended Quantitative in Vivo Cell Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5975-5986. [PMID: 27684962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term in vivo imaging of cells is crucial for the understanding of cellular fate in biological processes in cancer research, immunology, or in cell-based therapies such as beta cell transplantation in type I diabetes or stem cell therapy. Traditionally, cell labeling with the desired contrast agent occurs ex vivo via spontaneous endocytosis, which is a variable and slow process that requires optimization for each particular label-cell type combination. Following endocytic uptake, the contrast agents mostly remain entrapped in the endolysosomal compartment, which leads to signal instability, cytotoxicity, and asymmetric inheritance of the labels upon cell division. Here, we demonstrate that these disadvantages can be circumvented by delivering contrast agents directly into the cytoplasm via vapor nanobubble photoporation. Compared to classic endocytic uptake, photoporation resulted in 50 and 3 times higher loading of fluorescent dextrans and quantum dots, respectively, with improved signal stability and reduced cytotoxicity. Most interestingly, cytosolic delivery by photoporation prevented asymmetric inheritance of labels by daughter cells over subsequent cell generations. Instead, unequal inheritance of endocytosed labels resulted in a dramatic increase in polydispersity of the amount of labels per cell with each cell division, hindering accurate quantification of cell numbers in vivo over time. The combined benefits of cell labeling by photoporation resulted in a marked improvement in long-term cell visibility in vivo where an insulin producing cell line (INS-1E cell line) labeled with fluorescent dextrans could be tracked for up to two months in Swiss nude mice compared to 2 weeks for cells labeled by endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Joris
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical NMR Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Inflammation Research Center, Image Core Facility, VIB , 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia Lippens
- Inflammation Research Center, Image Core Facility, VIB , 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Demeester
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Skirtach
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical NMR Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University , 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Univ Lille 1, Univ Lille Nord France, IEMN, UMR 8520, 59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France
- Univ Lille 1, Univ Lille Nord France, Lab Phys Lasers Atomes & Mol, UMR 8523, 59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France
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20
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Bucharskaya A, Maslyakova G, Terentyuk G, Yakunin A, Avetisyan Y, Bibikova O, Tuchina E, Khlebtsov B, Khlebtsov N, Tuchin V. Towards Effective Photothermal/Photodynamic Treatment Using Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1295. [PMID: 27517913 PMCID: PMC5000692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different size and shape are widely used as photosensitizers for cancer diagnostics and plasmonic photothermal (PPT)/photodynamic (PDT) therapy, as nanocarriers for drug delivery and laser-mediated pathogen killing, even the underlying mechanisms of treatment effects remain poorly understood. There is a need in analyzing and improving the ways to increase accumulation of AuNP in tumors and other crucial steps in interaction of AuNPs with laser light and tissues. In this review, we summarize our recent theoretical, experimental, and pre-clinical results on light activated interaction of AuNPs with tissues and cells. Specifically, we discuss a combined PPT/PDT treatment of tumors and killing of pathogen bacteria with gold-based nanocomposites and atomic clusters, cell optoporation, and theoretical simulations of nanoparticle-mediated laser heating of tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Bucharskaya
- Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Uronephrology, Saratov State Medical University, n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Galina Maslyakova
- Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Uronephrology, Saratov State Medical University, n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Georgy Terentyuk
- Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Uronephrology, Saratov State Medical University, n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
- Research-Education Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov National Research State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Alexander Yakunin
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, RAS, 410028 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Yuri Avetisyan
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, RAS, 410028 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Olga Bibikova
- Research-Education Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov National Research State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
- Artphotonics GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Elena Tuchina
- Department of Biology, Saratov National Research State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Boris Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, RAS, 410049 Saratov, Russia.
- Department of Nano- and Biomedical Technologies, Saratov National Research State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Nikolai Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, RAS, 410049 Saratov, Russia.
- Department of Nano- and Biomedical Technologies, Saratov National Research State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Research-Education Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov National Research State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, RAS, 410028 Saratov, Russia.
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
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21
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Lukianova-Hleb EY, Yvon ES, Shpall EJ, Lapotko DO. All-in-one processing of heterogeneous human cell grafts for gene and cell therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16012. [PMID: 27006970 PMCID: PMC4793805 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current cell processing technologies for gene and cell therapies are often slow, expensive, labor intensive and are compromised by high cell losses and poor selectivity thus limiting the efficacy and availability of clinical cell therapies. We employ cell-specific on-demand mechanical intracellular impact from laser pulse-activated plasmonic nanobubbles (PNB) to process heterogeneous human cell grafts ex vivo with dual simultaneous functionality, the high cell type specificity, efficacy and processing rate for transfection of target CD3+ cells and elimination of subsets of unwanted CD25+ cells. The developed bulk flow PNB system selectively processed human cells at a rate of up to 100 million cell/minute, providing simultaneous transfection of CD3+ cells with the therapeutic gene (FKBP12(V36)-p30Caspase9) with the efficacy of 77% and viability 95% (versus 12 and 60%, respectively, for standard electroporation) and elimination of CD25+ cells with 99% efficacy. PNB flow technology can unite and replace several methodologies in an all-in-one universal ex vivo simultaneous procedure to precisely and rapidly prepare a cell graft for therapy. PNB’s can process various cell systems including cord blood, stem cells, and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric S Yvon
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dmitri O Lapotko
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University , Houston, Texas, USA
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23
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Boutopoulos C, Hatef A, Fortin-Deschênes M, Meunier M. Dynamic imaging of a single gold nanoparticle in liquid irradiated by off-resonance femtosecond laser. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11758-65. [PMID: 26104482 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles can lead to extreme confinement of the light in the near field. This unique ability of plasmonic nanoparticles can be used to generate nanobubbles in liquid. In this work, we demonstrate with single-particle monitoring that 100 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) irradiated by off-resonance femtosecond (fs) laser in the tissue therapeutic optical window (λ = 800 nm), can act as a durable nanolenses in liquid and provoke nanocavitation while remaining intact. We have employed combined ultrafast shadowgraphic imaging, in situ dark field imaging and dynamic tracking of AuNP Brownian motion to ensure the study of individual AuNPs/nanolenses under multiple fs laser pulses. We demonstrate that 100 nm AuNPs can generate multiple, highly confined (radius down to 550 nm) and transient (life time < 50 ns) nanobubbles. The latter is of significant importance for future development of in vivo AuNP-assisted laser nanosurgery and theranostic applications, where AuNP fragmentation should be avoided to prevent side effects, such as cytotoxicity and immune system's response. The experimental results have been correlated with theoretical modeling to provide an insight to the AuNP-safe cavitation mechanism as well as to investigate the deformation mechanism of the AuNPs at high laser fluences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Boutopoulos
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Engineering Physics Department, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada.
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Pharmacological aspects of release from microcapsules - from polymeric multilayers to lipid membranes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:129-40. [PMID: 25450067 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review is devoted to pharmacological applications of principles of release from capsules to overcome the membrane barrier. Many of these principles were developed in the context of polymeric multilayer capsule membrane modulation, but they are also pertinent to liposomes, polymersomes, capsosomes, particles, emulsion-based carriers and other carriers. We look at these methods from the physical, chemical or biological driving mechanisms point of view. In addition to applicability for carriers in drug delivery, these release methods are significant for another area directly related to pharmacology - modulation of the permeability of the membranes and thus promoting the action of drugs. Emerging technologies, including ionic current monitoring through a lipid membrane on a nanopore, are also highlighted.
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Cheng L, Wang C, Feng L, Yang K, Liu Z. Functional Nanomaterials for Phototherapies of Cancer. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10869-939. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400532z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1846] [Impact Index Per Article: 184.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liangzhu Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Palankar R, Pinchasik BE, Khlebtsov BN, Kolesnikova TA, Möhwald H, Winterhalter M, Skirtach AG. Nanoplasmonically-induced defects in lipid membrane monitored by ion current: transient nanopores versus membrane rupture. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4273-4279. [PMID: 24961609 DOI: 10.1021/nl500907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a nanoplasmonic-based approach to induce nanometer-sized local defects in the phospholipid membranes. Here, gold nanorods and nanoparticles having plasmon resonances in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range are used as optical absorption centers in the lipid membrane. Defects optically induced by NIR-laser irradiation of gold nanoparticles are continuously monitored by high-precision ion conductance measurement. Localized laser-mediated heating of nanorods and nanoparticle aggregates cause either (a) transient nanopores in lipid membranes or (b) irreversible rupture of the membrane. To monitor transient opening and closing, an electrophysiological setup is assembled wherein a giant liposome is spread over a micrometer hole in a glass slide forming a single bilayer of high Ohmic resistance (so-called gigaseal), while laser light is coupled in and focused on the membrane. The energy associated with the localized heating is discussed and compared with typical elastic parameters in the lipid membranes. The method presented here provides a novel methodology for better understanding of transport across artificial or natural biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Palankar
- ZIK HIKE, Nanostructure Group, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald , 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Xiong R, Raemdonck K, Peynshaert K, Lentacker I, De Cock I, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Skirtach AG, Braeckmans K. Comparison of gold nanoparticle mediated photoporation: vapor nanobubbles outperform direct heating for delivering macromolecules in live cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6288-96. [PMID: 24870061 DOI: 10.1021/nn5017742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
There is a great interest in delivering macromolecular agents into living cells for therapeutic purposes, such as siRNA for gene silencing. Although substantial effort has gone into designing nonviral nanocarriers for delivering macromolecules into cells, translocation of the therapeutic molecules from the endosomes after endocytosis into the cytoplasm remains a major bottleneck. Laser-induced photoporation, especially in combination with gold nanoparticles, is an alternative physical method that is receiving increasing attention for delivering macromolecules in cells. By allowing gold nanoparticles to bind to the cell membrane, nanosized membrane pores can be created upon pulsed laser illumination. Depending on the laser energy, pores are created through either direct heating of the AuNPs or by vapor nanobubbles (VNBs) that can emerge around the AuNPs. Macromolecules in the surrounding cell medium can then diffuse through the pores directly into the cytoplasm. Here we present a systematic evaluation of both photoporation mechanisms in terms of cytotoxicity, cell loading, and siRNA transfection efficiency. We find that the delivery of macromolecules under conditions of VNBs is much more efficient than direct photothermal disturbance of the plasma membrane without any noticeable cytotoxic effect. Interestingly, by tuning the laser energy, the pore size could be changed, allowing control of the amount and size of molecules that are delivered in the cytoplasm. As only a single nanosecond laser pulse is required, we conclude that VNBs are an interesting photoporation mechanism that may prove very useful for efficient high-throughput macromolecular delivery in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University , Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Menon JU, Jadeja P, Tambe P, Vu K, Yuan B, Nguyen KT. Nanomaterials for photo-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:152-66. [PMID: 23471164 PMCID: PMC3590585 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-based diagnosis and treatment methods are gaining prominence due to increased spatial imaging resolution, minimally invasive modalities involved as well as localized treatment. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and used in photo-based therapeutic applications. While some nanomaterials have inherent photo-based imaging capabilities, others including polymeric NPs act as nanocarriers to deliver various fluorescent dyes or photosensitizers for photoimaging and therapeutic applications. These applications can vary from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and optical imaging to photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy. Materials commonly used for development of photo-based NPs ranges from metal-based (gold, silver and silica) to polymer-based (chitosan, dextran, poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)). Recent research has paved the way for multi-modal 'theranostic' (a combination of therapy and diagnosis) nano-carriers capable of active targeting using cell-specific ligands and carrying multiple therapeutic and imaging agents for accurate diagnosis and controlled drug delivery. This review summarizes the different materials used today to synthesize photo-based NPs, their diagnostic and therapeutic applications as well as the current challenges faced in bringing these novel nano-carriers into clinical practices.
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Xiong R, Soenen SJ, Braeckmans K, Skirtach AG. Towards theranostic multicompartment microcapsules: in-situ diagnostics and laser-induced treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:141-51. [PMID: 23471141 PMCID: PMC3590584 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paving the way towards the application of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules in theranostics, we describe diagnostic multi-functionality and drug delivery using multicompartment polymeric capsules which represent the next generation of drug delivery carriers. Their versatility is particularly important for potential applications in the area of theranostics wherein the carriers are endowed with the functionality for both diagnostics and therapy. Responsiveness towards external stimuli is attractive for providing controlled and on-demand release of encapsulated materials. An overview of external stimuli is presented with an emphasis on light as a physical stimulus which has been widely used for activation of microcapsules and release of their contents. In this article we also describe existing and new approaches to build multicompartment microcapsules as well as means available to achieve controlled and triggered release from their subcompartments, with a focus on applications in theranostics. Outlook for future directions in the area are highlighted.
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