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Matthewman C, Krishnakumar IM, Swick AG. Review: bioavailability and efficacy of 'free' curcuminoids from curcumagalactomannoside (CGM) curcumin formulation. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:14-31. [PMID: 36655498 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The golden spice turmeric with its main bioactive component curcumin is one of the most popular and extensively studied nutraceuticals. Despite numerous pre-clinical studies reporting positive pharmacodynamics of turmeric extracts and curcumin, the main issues in translating the pharmacological effects to clinical efficacy have been to overcome its poor pharmacokinetics and to deliver significant amounts of the biologically relevant forms of the actives to various tissues. This review is aimed at providing a first critical evaluation of the current published literature with the novel curcumagalactomannoside (CGM) formulation of curcumin using fenugreek galactomannan dietary fibre, specifically designed to address curcumin poor pharmacokinetics. We describe CGM and its technology as a food-grade formulation to deliver 'free' unconjugated curcuminoids with enhanced bioavailability and improved pharmacokinetic properties. The therapeutic relevance of improving bioavailability of 'free' curcuminoids and some of the technical challenges in the measurement of the 'free' form of curcuminoids in plasma and tissues are also discussed. A total of twenty-six manuscripts are reviewed here, including fourteen pre-clinical and twelve clinical studies that have investigated CGM pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy in various animal models and human conditions. Overall current scientific evidence suggests CGM formulation has improved bioavailability and tissue distribution of the biologically relevant unconjugated forms of turmeric actives called 'free' curcuminoids that may be responsible for the superior clinical outcomes reported with CGM treatments in comparison with unformulated standard curcumin across multiple studies.
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Yakubu J, Pandey AV. Innovative Delivery Systems for Curcumin: Exploring Nanosized and Conventional Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:637. [PMID: 38794299 PMCID: PMC11125045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol with a rich history spanning two centuries, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent targeting multiple signaling pathways and exhibiting cellular-level activities that contribute to its diverse health benefits. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated its ability to enhance the therapeutic potential of various bioactive compounds. While its reported therapeutic advantages are manifold, predominantly attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its efficacy is hindered by poor bioavailability stemming from inadequate absorption, rapid metabolism, and elimination. To address this challenge, nanodelivery systems have emerged as a promising approach, offering enhanced solubility, biocompatibility, and therapeutic effects for curcumin. We have analyzed the knowledge on curcumin nanoencapsulation and its synergistic effects with other compounds, extracted from electronic databases. We discuss the pharmacokinetic profile of curcumin, current advancements in nanoencapsulation techniques, and the combined effects of curcumin with other agents across various disorders. By unifying existing knowledge, this analysis intends to provide insights into the potential of nanoencapsulation technologies to overcome constraints associated with curcumin treatments, emphasizing the importance of combinatorial approaches in improving therapeutic efficacy. Finally, this compilation of study data aims to inform and inspire future research into encapsulating drugs with poor pharmacokinetic characteristics and investigating innovative drug combinations to improve bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibira Yakubu
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children’s Hospital, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amit V. Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children’s Hospital, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Translational Hormone Research Program, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Wagner T, Wacker R, Klein T, Kompek A, Schön C. Oil-Based Curcuminoid Phospholipid Formulation Mimicking Natural Digestion Enhances Oral Bioavailability of Curcuminoids in Healthy Subjects. J Med Food 2024; 27:396-403. [PMID: 38686523 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, the fat-soluble active ingredient and major compound of curcuminoids contained in the curcuma root, is known for its physiological low absorption and bioavailability. Various formulations and galenic technologies are currently available on the market. In this study, the product tested was provided as a soft gelatin capsule containing curcuminoids in an oily matrix mixed with phospholipids (oil/phospholipids [PL]-based, no new technologies applied or artificial excipients added). This was intended to improve bioavailability of curcuminoids as well as to mimic the natural digestion process of fat-soluble substances. In particular, the oral bioavailability of curcuminoids in the oil/PL-based formulation was compared with the pure curcuminoids extract alone (reference product), in a randomized, cross-over, single oral dose study design. Twelve healthy subjects were administered 200 mg curcuminoids under fasting conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed from individual concentration-time curves of total curcuminoids, as well as the curcumin metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). Results showed significantly higher AUC0-8h levels after the intake of the oil/PL-based formulation for total curcuminoids (205.60 vs. 112.50 ng/mL*h, P = .0001) as well as for THC (347.30 vs. 118.90 ng/mL*h, P < .0001) in comparison to the pure curcuminoids extract. Cmax was also significantly higher for both parameters analyzed (total curcuminoids: 47.54 vs. 21.16 ng/mL, P = .0001; THC: 96.69 vs. 29.83 ng/mL, P < .0001). In addition, the uptake kinetic of total curcuminoids was significantly fastened with the oil/PL-based curcuminoids formulation compared with the pure curcuminoids extract (P = .0446). These data suggest an improved impact on curcuminoids uptake of the oil/PL-based formulation and confirms its good tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Klein
- Apomedica Pharmazeutische Produkte GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Kompek
- Apomedica Pharmazeutische Produkte GmbH, Graz, Austria
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Ross SM. Turmeric (Curcuma longa): A Review of Its Multifunction Health Benefits. Holist Nurs Pract 2024; 38:179-181. [PMID: 38709133 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Maxine Ross
- Author Affiliation: Integrative Health Practitioner; served as the founding Director of Dept. of Complementary and Integrative Health, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Nagano K, Nakao T, Takeda M, Hirai H, Maekita H, Nakamura M, Imakawa N, Egawa A, Fujiwara T, Gao JQ, Kinoshita K, Sakata M, Nishino M, Yamashita T, Yoshida T, Harada K, Tachibana K, Doi T, Hirata K, Tsujino H, Higashisaka K, Tsutsumi Y. Polyglycerol fatty acid ester contributes to the improvement and maintenance of water solubility of amorphous curcumin by suppressing the intermolecular interaction and the diffusion rate of curcumin. Food Chem 2024; 437:137866. [PMID: 37931447 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenol, is an attractive component of functional foods, owing to various physiological activities. However, CUR is highly hydrophobic, insoluble in water, and difficult to absorb in the body. Here, we report an amorphous CUR formulation containing the dispersant polyglycerol fatty acid ester (PGFE), demonstrating high and stable water solubility. Improved water solubility enhanced the absorbability of CUR in our amorphous formulation along with enhanced triglyceride inhibition, compared to that in a commercial formulation. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) analysis revealed that PGFE reduced CUR-CUR interaction, resulting in higher dispersion and improved solubility of CUR. Taylor dispersion analysis showed a lower diffusion coefficient of CUR in the highly water-soluble formulation (with PGFE) than that in the low water-soluble formulation (without PGFE), which prevents recontact and recrystallization of CUR, which is trapped by PGFE. Overall, the amorphous CUR with high solubility could be used as a promising functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc, 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
| | - Mariko Takeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruna Hirai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hikaru Maekita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Imakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayako Egawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Keigo Kinoshita
- San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc, 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakata
- San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc, 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nishino
- San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc, 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tachibana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Hirata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The Museum of Osaka University, 1-13 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Ross SA, Emenaker NJ, Kumar A, Riscuta G, Biswas K, Gupta S, Mohammed A, Shoemaker RH. Green Cancer Prevention and Beyond. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:107-118. [PMID: 38251904 PMCID: PMC10911807 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The concept of green chemoprevention was introduced in 2012 by Drs. Jed Fahey and Thomas Kensler as whole-plant foods and/or extract-based interventions demonstrating cancer prevention activity. Refining concepts and research demonstrating proof-of-principle approaches are highlighted within this review. Early approaches included extensively investigated whole foods, including broccoli sprouts and black raspberries showing dose-responsive effects across a range of activities in both animals and humans with minimal or no apparent toxicity. A recent randomized crossover trial evaluating the detoxification of tobacco carcinogens by a broccoli seed and sprout extract in the high-risk cohort of current smokers highlights the use of a dietary supplement as a potential next-generation green chemoprevention or green cancer prevention approach. Challenges are addressed, including the selection of dose, duration and mode of delivery, choice of control group, and standardization of the plant food or extract. Identification and characterization of molecular targets and careful selection of high-risk cohorts for study are additional important considerations when designing studies. Goals for precision green cancer prevention include acquiring robust evidence from carefully controlled human studies linking plant foods, extracts, and compounds to modulation of targets for cancer risk reduction in individual cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Ross
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Nutritional Sciences Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nancy J. Emenaker
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Nutritional Sciences Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Nutritional Sciences Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Gabriela Riscuta
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Nutritional Sciences Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kajal Biswas
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shanker Gupta
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert H. Shoemaker
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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Noor A, Shafi S, Sehar N, Qadir I, Bilquees, Rashid S, Arafah A, Rasool S, Dar NJ, Masoodi MH, Rehman MU. Curcuminoids as Cell Signaling Pathway Modulators: A Potential Strategy for Cancer Prevention. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3093-3117. [PMID: 37559247 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230809100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial advancements in curative modern medicine in the last few decades, cancer risk and casualty rates have continued to mount globally. The exact reason for cancer's onset and progression is still unknown. However, skeletal and functional abnormalities in the genetic code are assumed to be the primary cause of cancer. Many lines of evidence reported that some medicinal plants can be utilized to curb cancer cell proliferation with a safe, fruitful, and cost-efficient perspective. Curcuminoid, isolated from Curcuma longa, have gotten a lot of focus due to their anticancer potential as they reduce tumor progression, invasion, and dissemination. Further, they modulated signal transduction routes like MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Wnt/β-catenin, etc., and triggered apoptosis as well as actuated autophagy in malignant cells without altering the normal cells, thus preventing cancer progression. Besides, Curcuminoid also regulate the function and expression of anti-tumor and carcinogenic miRNAs. Clinical studies also reported the therapeutic effect of Curcuminoid against various cancer through decreasing specific biomarkers like TNF-α, Bcl-2, COX-2, PGE2, VEGF, IκKβ, and various cytokines like IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-2, IFN-γ levels and increasing in p53 and Bax levels. Thus, in the present review, we abridged the modulation of several signal transduction routes by Curcuminoids in various malignancies, and its modulatory role in the initiation of tumor-suppressive miRNAs and suppression of the oncogenic miRNAs are explored. Additionally, various pharmacokinetic approaches have been projected to address the Curcuminoids bioavailability like the use of piperine as an adjuvant; nanotechnology- based Curcuminoids preparations utilizing Curcuminoids analogues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeza Noor
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Saimeena Shafi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Insha Qadir
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Bilquees
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Department of School Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K 190001, India
| | - Nawab John Dar
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory (CNB-P), Salk Institute, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA92037, USA
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Joshi P, Bisht A, Paliwal A, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Recent updates on clinical developments of curcumin and its derivatives. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5109-5158. [PMID: 37536946 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, derived from Curcuma longa L. is extensively studied by various researchers across the globe and has established its immense potential in the management of several disorders at clinical level. The underlying mechanism of curcumin involves regulation of various molecular targets, namely, inflammatory cytokines, transcription factor, apoptotic genes, growth factors, oxidative stress biomarkers, and protein kinases. In clinical trials, curcumin as an adjuvant has significantly boost-up the efficacy of many proven drugs in the management of arthritis, neurodegenerative disorder, oral infection, and gastrointestinal disorders. Moreover, clinical studies have suggested curcumin as an appropriate candidate for the prevention and/or management of various cancers via regulation of signaling molecules including NF-kB, cytokines, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2, Nrf2, HO-1, ALT, AST, kinases, and blood profiles. This article highlights plethora of clinical trials that have been conducted on curcumin and its derivatives in the management of several ailments. Besides, it provides recent updates to the investigators for conducting future research to fulfill the current gaps to expedite the curcumin utility in clinical subjects bearing different pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajita Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Brenner MB, Flory S, Wüst M, Frank J, Wagner K. Novel Biphasic In Vitro Dissolution Method Correctly Predicts the Oral Bioavailability of Curcumin in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15632-15643. [PMID: 37824789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro dissolution methods correctly predicting in vivo bioavailability of compounds from complex mixtures are lacking. We therefore used data on the in vivo performance of bioavailability-improved curcumin formulations to implement an in vivo predictive dissolution method (BiPHa+). BiPHa+ was applied for the characterization of eight curcumin formulations previously studied in a strictly controlled pharmacokinetic human trial. During dissolution, the dissolved proportion of curcumin in the aqueous medium underwent a formulation-dependent reduction, whereas the proportion remained stable in the organic layer. Compared with conventional dissolution systems, BiPHa+ was superior in terms of in vivo-relevant formulation characterization. All formulations could be precisely categorized according to their bioavailability in humans. In vitro-in vivo relationships for each dissolution method were established, with BiPHa+ providing the highest degree of linearity (r2 = 0.9975). The BiPHa+ assay correctly predicted the bioavailability of curcuminoids from complex mixtures and provided mechanistic information about formulation-dependent release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Benedikt Brenner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Flory
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Pérez-Fernández V, Thananjeyan AL, Ullah F, Münch G, Cameron M, Gyengesi E. The effects of a highly bioavailable curcumin Phytosome TM preparation on the retinal architecture and glial reactivity in the GFAP-IL6 mice. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1205542. [PMID: 38983084 PMCID: PMC11182199 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1205542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled, chronic inflammation in the retina can disturb retinal structure and function leading to impaired visual function. For the first time, in a mouse model of chronic neuroinflammation (GFAP-IL6), we investigated the impact of chronic glial activation on the retinal microglia population and structure. In addition, we tested a curcumin PhytosomeTM preparation with enhanced bioavailability to investigate the effects of a cytokine-suppressing anti-inflammatory drug on retinal architecture. Curcumin PhytosomeTM was fed to 3-month old GFAP-IL6 mice for 4 weeks and compared to their untreated GFAP-IL6 counterparts as well as wild type mice on control diet. Microglial numbers and morphology together with neuronal numbers were characterized using immunohistochemistry and cell reconstruction in the retina, using retinal wholemount and slices. GFAP-IL6 mice showed a significant increase in Iba1-labelled mononuclear phagocytes, including microglia, and displayed altered glial morphology. This resulted in a reduction in cone density and a thinning of the retinal layers compared to wild type mice. Curcumin PhytosomeTM treatment contributed to decreased microglial density, significantly decreasing both soma and cell size compared to control diet, as well as preventing the thinning of the retinal layers. This study is the first to characterize the impact of chronic retinal inflammation in the GFAP-IL6 mouse and the therapeutic benefit of enhanced bioavailable curcumin PhytosomeTM to significantly reduce microglia density and prevent neuronal loss. These data suggest that curcumin could be used as a complementary therapy alongside traditional treatments to reduce associated retinal inflammation in a variety of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Faheem Ullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Morven Cameron
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W. Turmeric and Curcumin-Health-Promoting Properties in Humans versus Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14561. [PMID: 37834009 PMCID: PMC10572432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing popularity of the use of nutraceuticals in the prevention and alleviation of symptoms of many diseases in humans and dogs means that they are increasingly the subject of research. A representative of the nutraceutical that deserves special attention is turmeric. Turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and is grown extensively in Asia. It is a plant used as a spice and food coloring, and it is also used in traditional medicine. The biologically active factors that give turmeric its unusual properties and color are curcuminoids. It is a group of substances that includes curcumin, de-methoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxycurcumin. Curcumin is used as a yellow-orange food coloring. The most important pro-health effects observed after taking curcuminoids include anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to characterize turmeric and its main substance, curcumin, in terms of their properties, advantages, and disadvantages, based on literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
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Macis D, Briata IM, D’Ecclesiis O, Johansson H, Aristarco V, Buttiron Webber T, Oppezzi M, Gandini S, Bonanni B, DeCensi A. Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarker Assessment in a Randomized Presurgical Trial of Curcumin and Anthocyanin Supplements in Patients with Colorectal Adenomas. Nutrients 2023; 15:3894. [PMID: 37764678 PMCID: PMC10537228 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer prevention is crucial for public health, given its high mortality rates, particularly in young adults. The early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions is key to preventing carcinogenesis progression. Natural compounds like curcumin and anthocyanins show promise in impeding adenomatous polyp progression in preclinical models. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II presurgical trial in 35 patients with adenomatous polyps to explore the biological effects of curcumin and anthocyanins on circulating biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism. No significant difference in biomarker changes by treatment arm was observed. However, the network analysis before treatment revealed inverse correlations between adiponectin and BMI and glycemia, as well as direct links between inflammatory biomarkers and leptin and BMI. In addition, a considerable inverse relationship between adiponectin and grade of dysplasia was detected after treatment (corr = -0.45). Finally, a significant increase in IL-6 at the end of treatment in subjects with high-grade dysplasia was also observed (p = 0.02). The combined treatment of anthocyanins and curcumin did not result in the direct modulation of circulating biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism, but revealed a complex modulation of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (H.J.); (V.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Irene Maria Briata
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Oriana D’Ecclesiis
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (H.J.); (V.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (H.J.); (V.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Tania Buttiron Webber
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Massimo Oppezzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (H.J.); (V.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (T.B.W.)
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Dytrych P, Kejík Z, Hajduch J, Kaplánek R, Veselá K, Kučnirová K, Skaličková M, Venhauerová A, Hoskovec D, Martásek P, Jakubek M. Therapeutic potential and limitations of curcumin as antimetastatic agent. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114758. [PMID: 37141738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic cancer is one of the biggest challenges in anticancer therapy. Curcumin is interesting nature polyphenolic compound with unique biological and medicinal effects, including repression of metastases. High impact studies imply that curcumin can modulate the immune system, independently target various metastatic signalling pathways, and repress migration and invasiveness of cancer cells. This review discusses the potential of curcumin as an antimetastatic agent and describes potential mechanisms of its antimetastatic activity. In addition, possible strategies (curcumin formulation, optimization of the method of administration and modification of its structure motif) to overcome its limitation such as low solubility and bioactivity are also presented. These strategies are discussed in the context of clinical trials and relevant biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dytrych
- 1st Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Veselá
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kučnirová
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Skaličková
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Venhauerová
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Hoskovec
- 1st Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Kunnumakkara AB, Hegde M, Parama D, Girisa S, Kumar A, Daimary UD, Garodia P, Yenisetti SC, Oommen OV, Aggarwal BB. Role of Turmeric and Curcumin in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:447-518. [PMID: 37082752 PMCID: PMC10111629 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been used for thousands of years for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. Curcumin is just one of >200 ingredients in turmeric. Almost 7000 scientific papers on turmeric and almost 20,000 on curcumin have been published in PubMed. Scientific reports based on cell culture or animal studies are often not reproducible in humans. Therefore, human clinical trials are the best indicators for the prevention and treatment of a disease using a given agent/drug. Herein, we conducted an extensive literature survey on PubMed and Scopus following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The keywords "turmeric and clinical trials" and "curcumin and clinical trials" were considered for data mining. A total of 148 references were found to be relevant for the key term "turmeric and clinical trials", of which 70 were common in both PubMed and Scopus, 44 were unique to PubMed, and 34 were unique to Scopus. Similarly, for the search term "curcumin and clinical trials", 440 references were found to be relevant, of which 70 were unique to PubMed, 110 were unique to Scopus, and 260 were common to both databases. These studies show that the golden spice has enormous health and medicinal benefits for humans. This Review will extract and summarize the lessons learned about turmeric and curcumin in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases based on clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Prachi Garodia
- Integrative
Research Center, Miami, Florida 33125, United States
| | - Sarat Chandra Yenisetti
- Department
of Zoology, Drosophila Neurobiology Laboratory, Nagaland University (Central), Lumami, Nagaland-798627, India
| | - Oommen V. Oommen
- Department
of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695581, India
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Inflammation
Research Center, San Diego, California 92109, United States
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15
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Bahloul B, Castillo-Henríquez L, Jenhani L, Aroua N, Ftouh M, Kalboussi N, Vega-Baudrit J, Mignet N. Nanomedicine-based potential phyto-drug delivery systems for diabetes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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16
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Hellmann PH, Bagger JI, Carlander KR, Hansen KB, Forman JL, Størling J, Chabanova E, Holst J, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK. No effect of the turmeric root phenol curcumin on prednisolone-induced glucometabolic perturbations in men with overweight or obesity. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:EC-22-0334. [PMID: 36800259 PMCID: PMC10083679 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preclinically, curcumin has been shown to protect against glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance. We evaluated the effect of curcumin administered with prednisolone in healthy overweight or obese men. METHODS In a double-blind, parallel-group trial, 24 overweight/obese non-diabetic men were randomised to one of three intervention groups (A) prednisolone placebo+curcumin placebo, (B) prednisolone (50 mg/day)+curcumin placebo or (C) prednisolone and curcumin (400 mg/day). Curcumin or curcumin placebo treatment started 1 day prior to 10-day prednisolone or prednisolone placebo treatment. The primary endpoint was change in prednisolone-induced insulin resistance assessed by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Other endpoints included anthropometric measurements, magnetic resonance spectroscopy-assessed hepatic fat content, blood pressure, circulating metabolic markers and continuous glucose monitoring measures. RESULTS Baseline characteristics (mean ± s.d): age 44.2 ± 13.7 years, BMI 30.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2, HbAlc 33.3 ± 3.2 mmol/mol, HOMA2-IR 1.10 ± 0.45 and fasting plasma glucose 5.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L. Prednisolone significantly increased HOMA2-IR (estimated treatment difference 0.36 (95% CI 0.16; 0.57)). Co-treatment with curcumin had no effect on HOMA2-IR (estimated treatment difference 0.08 (95% CI -0.13; 0.39)). Prednisolone increased HbAlc, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, blood pressure, mean interstitial glucose, time spent in hyperglycaemia and glucose variability, but no protective effect of curcumin on any of these measures was observed. CONCLUSIONS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study involving 24 overweight or obese men randomised to one of three treatment arms, curcumin treatment had no protective effect on prednisolone-induced insulin resistance or other glucometabolic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille H Hellmann
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonatan I Bagger
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Katrine R Carlander
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Katrine B Hansen
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julie L Forman
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Størling
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Elizaveta Chabanova
- Department of Radiology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jens Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Hegde M, Girisa S, BharathwajChetty B, Vishwa R, Kunnumakkara AB. Curcumin Formulations for Better Bioavailability: What We Learned from Clinical Trials Thus Far? ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10713-10746. [PMID: 37008131 PMCID: PMC10061533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has been credited with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties for the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases such as arthritis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hemoglobinopathies, hypertension, infectious diseases, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurological diseases, obesity, and skin diseases. However, due to its weak solubility and bioavailability, it has limited potential as an oral medication. Numerous factors including low water solubility, poor intestinal permeability, instability at alkaline pH, and fast metabolism contribute to curcumin's limited oral bioavailability. In order to improve its oral bioavailability, different formulation techniques such as coadministration with piperine, incorporation into micelles, micro/nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, liposomes, solid dispersions, spray drying, and noncovalent complex formation with galactomannosides have been investigated with in vitro cell culture models, in vivo animal models, and humans. In the current study, we extensively reviewed clinical trials on various generations of curcumin formulations and their safety and efficacy in the treatment of many diseases. We also summarized the dose, duration, and mechanism of action of these formulations. We have also critically reviewed the advantages and limitations of each of these formulations compared to various placebo and/or available standard care therapies for these ailments. The highlighted integrative concept embodied in the development of next-generation formulations helps to minimize bioavailability and safety issues with least or no adverse side effects and the provisional new dimensions presented in this direction may add value in the prevention and cure of complex chronic diseases.
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18
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Jian S, Yang K, Zhang L, Zhang L, Xin Z, Wen C, He S, Deng J, Deng B. The modulation effects of plant‐derived bioactive ingredients on chronic kidney disease: Focus on the gut–kidney axis. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Jian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Kang Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Lingna Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhongquan Xin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Chaoyu Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Shansong He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
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19
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Naidoo V, Carrera I, Corzo L, Cacabelos R. Natural Bioactive Products as Epigenetic Modulators for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:216. [PMID: 37259364 PMCID: PMC9967112 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are major health issues in Western countries. Despite significant efforts, no effective therapeutics for NDDs exist. Several drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms (epidrugs) have been recently developed for the treatment of NDDs, and several of these are currently being tested in clinical trials. Furthermore, various bioproducts have shown important biological effects for the potential prevention and treatment of these disorders. Here, we review the use of natural products as epidrugs to treat NDDs in order to explore the epigenetic effects and benefits of functional foods and natural bioproducts on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Martínez-Iglesias
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
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20
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Wang C, Jiang X, Zhang X, Xu Y, Li L, Li X, Wang S, Shi P, Gao X, Liu Z, Clark WD, Cao Y. A novel solvent-free co-grinding preparation improves curcumin bioavailability in healthy volunteers: A single-center crossover study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12829. [PMID: 36685407 PMCID: PMC9852671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has a wide variety of biological activities. Unfortunately, its poor water-solubility greatly limits its bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CUMINUP60®, a novel preparation utilizing a solvent-free, co-grinding method designed to improve curcumin's bioavailability. We performed a single-center crossover experiment to compare the new product with standard 95% curcumin in the blood plasma of twelve healthy adults (10 males, 2 females). Total bioavailability of curcumin and its sulfate and glucuronide conjugates from the test product, measured by their areas under the curve over 12 h (AUC0-T), showed a combined increase of 178-fold over standard curcumin and its conjugates from the reference product. The new product represents a significant improvement for providing greater bioavailability of curcumin, as compared with several other branded preparations. It therefore has broad applications for preparing curcumin as a more effective health ingredient in functional foods, beverages, and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Wang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Li Li
- Chenland Research Institute, 333 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266104, China
| | - Xin Li
- Chenland Research Institute, 333 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266104, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Chenland Research Institute, 333 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266104, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xiaomeng Gao
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Zimin Liu
- Chenland Research Institute, 333 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266104, China
- Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., 3 Park Plaza, Suite 0410, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
| | - W. Dennis Clark
- Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., 3 Park Plaza, Suite 0410, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yu Cao
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
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21
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Comparative Pharmacokinetic of Curcuminoids Formulations with an Omega-3 Fatty Acids Monoglyceride Carrier: A Randomized Cross-Over Triple-Blind Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245347. [PMID: 36558506 PMCID: PMC9783836 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest for curcuminoids in the general population and the scientific research community. Curcuminoids, derived from turmeric spice, are lipophiles and therefore have a low solubility in water which hence have a low bioavailability in the human plasma. To circumvent this issue, a natural product developed by Biodroga Nutraceuticals combined curcuminoids with omega-3 fatty acids (OM3) esterified in monoglycerides (MAG). The objective was to perform a 24 h pharmacokinetics in humans receiving a single dose of curcuminoid formulated by three different means, and to compare their plasma curcuminoids concentration. Sixteen males and fifteen females tested three formulations: 400 mg of curcuminoids powder extract, 400 mg of curcuminoids in rice oil and 400 mg of curcuminoids with 1 g MAG-OM3. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 24 h post dose intake. Plasma samples were analyzed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Twenty-four hours after a single dose intake, the total plasma curcuminoids area under the curve (AUC) reached 166.8 ± 17.8 ng/mL*h, 134.0 ± 12.7 ng/mL*h and 163.1 ± 15.3 ng/mL*h when curcuminoids were provided with MAG-OM3, with rice oil or in powder, respectively. The Cmax of total curcuminoids reached between 11.9-17.7 ng/mL at around 4 h (Tmax). One-hour post-dose, the curcuminoids plasma concentration was 40% higher in participants consuming the MAG-OM3 compared to the other formulations. Thus, in a young population, plasma curcuminoids 24 h pharmacokinetics and its increase shortly after the single dose intake were higher when provided with MAG-OM3 than rice oil.
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The Synergistic Hepatoprotective Activity of Rosemary Essential Oil and Curcumin: The Role of the MEK/ERK Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248910. [PMID: 36558044 PMCID: PMC9781795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a natural product obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a medicinal and aromatic plant that is widely spread in the Mediterranean region. Both Curcumin and rosemary essential oil are natural products of high medicinal and pharmacological significance. The hepatoprotective effect of both natural products is well-established; however, the mechanism of such action is not fully understood. Thus, this study is an attempt to explore the hepatoprotective mechanism of action of these remedies through their effect on MEK and ERK proteins. Furthermore, the effect of rosemary essential oil on the plasma concentration of curcumin has been scrutinized. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major constituents of REO were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by GC/MS and GC/FID, respectively. Curcumin and rosemary essential oil were given to mice in a pre-treatment model, followed by induction of liver injury through a high dose of paracetamol. Serum liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activities, the inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, as well as the MEK and ERK portions, were verified. The plasma levels of curcumin were determined in the presence and absence of rosemary essential oil. RESULTS The major constituents of REO were 1,8-cineole (51.52%), camphor (10.52%), and α-pinene (8.41%). The results revealed a superior hepatoprotective activity of the combination when compared to each natural product alone, as demonstrated by the lowered liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation, mitigated inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, and enhanced antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the combination induced the overexpression of MEK and ERK proteins, providing evidence for the involvement of this cascade in the hepatoprotective activity of such natural products. The administration of rosemary essential oil with curcumin enhanced the curcuminoid plasma level. CONCLUSION The co-administration of both curcumin and rosemary essential oil together enhanced both their hepatoprotective activity and the level of curcumin in plasma, indicating a synergistic activity between both natural products.
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Mohamadian M, Parsamanesh N, Chiti H, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4299-4324. [PMID: 36123613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a term used to describe phenomena connected to the dysfunction of various tissue damage due to reperfusion after ischemic injury. While I/R may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, there is still a long way to improve therapeutic outcomes. A number of cellular metabolic and ultrastructural alterations occur by prolonged ischemia. Ischemia increases the expression of proinflammatory gene products and bioactive substances within the endothelium, such as cytokines, leukocytes, and adhesion molecules, even as suppressing the expression of other "protective" gene products and substances, such as thrombomodulin and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (e.g., prostacyclin, nitric oxide [NO]). Curcumin is the primary phenolic pigment derived from turmeric, the powdered rhizome of Curcuma longa. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin has strong antiinflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. It also prevents lipid peroxidation and scavenges free radicals like superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, NO, and hydroxyl. In our study, we highlight the mechanisms of protective effects of curcumin against I/R injury in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mohamadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Hellmann PH, Bagger JI, Carlander KR, Forman J, Chabanova E, Svenningsen JS, Holst JJ, Gillum MP, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK. The effect of curcumin on hepatic fat content in individuals with obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:2192-2202. [PMID: 35775631 PMCID: PMC9804166 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of curcumin treatment on hepatic fat content in obese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blind, parallel-group trial, 37 obese, non-diabetic individuals were randomized to placebo or curcumin treatment for 6 weeks. Curcumin was dosed as lecithin-formulated tablet; 200 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was hepatic fat content as assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Other endpoints included anthropometric measurements, hepatic biomarkers including FibroScan measurements, metabolic variables, inflammation markers, appetite measures and ad libitum food intake. RESULTS Baseline characteristics (mean ± SD) were age 46 ± 14 years, hepatic fat content 12.2% ± 8.8% points, body mass index 38.8 ± 6.1 kg/m2 and waist circumference 125.8 ± 12.3 cm. After 6 weeks of treatment with curcumin, hepatic fat content was changed by -0.86% points (95% CI -3.65; 1.94) compared with 0.71% points (95% CI - 2.08; 3.51) with placebo, thus resulting in a non-significant estimated treatment difference of -1.57% points (95% CI -5.36; 2.22, P = .412). Compared with placebo, curcumin treatment caused small reductions in fasting plasma glucose (estimated treatment difference [ETD] - 0.24 mmol/L [95% CI -0.45; -0.03]), triglycerides (ETD [percentage change] -20.22% [95% CI -33.21; -6.03]) and gamma glutamyltransferase (ETD [percentage change] -15.70% [95% CI -23.32; -7.32]), but except for gamma glutamyltransferase, none of these differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, curcumin treatment for 6 weeks had no significant effect on MRS-assessed hepatic fat content in obese individuals with primarily mild steatosis. Curcumin was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille H. Hellmann
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenHellerupDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jonatan I. Bagger
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenHellerupDenmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenHerlevDenmark
| | - Katrine R. Carlander
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenHellerupDenmark
| | - Julie Forman
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Elizaveta Chabanova
- Department of Radiology, Herlev HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenHerlevDenmark
| | - Jens S. Svenningsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens J. Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Matthew P. Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenHellerupDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenHerlevDenmark
| | - Filip K. Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenHellerupDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenHerlevDenmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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25
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Atanasova-Panchevska N, Stojchevski R, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Mitrokhin V, Avtanski D, Mladenov M. Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Tetrahydrocurcumin-Based Formulations: An Overview of Their Metabolism in Different Microbiotic Compartments. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1708. [PMID: 36362863 PMCID: PMC9696410 DOI: 10.3390/life12111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the basic metabolic characteristics of the curcuminoid tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) at the level of the intestinal microbiota were addressed. Special attention was given to the bactericidal effects of one of the THC-phospholipid formulations, which has shown greater bioavailability and activity than pure THC. Similarly, quinoline derivatives and amino acid conjugates of THC have also shown antibacterial effects in the gut. The microbial effect of pure THC is particularly pronounced in pathophysiological conditions related to the function of the intestinal microbiota, such as type II diabetes. Furthermore, the antiviral characteristics of Cur compared to those of THC are more pronounced in preventing the influenza virus. In the case of HIV infections, the new microemulsion gel formulations of THC possess high retention during preventive application in the vagina and, at the same time, do not disturb the vaginal microbiota, which is critical in maintaining low vaginal pH. Based on the reviewed literature, finding new formulations of THC which can increase its bioavailability and activity and emphasize its antibacterial and antiviral characteristics could be very important. Applying such THC formulations in preventing and treating ailments related to the microbiotic compartments in the body would be beneficial from a medical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Atanasova-Panchevska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Radoslav Stojchevski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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26
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Govindaram LK, Bratty MA, Alhazmi HA, Kandasamy R, Thangavel N, Ibrahim AM, Mariya GA, Ponnuchamy K. Formulation, biopharmaceutical evaluation and in-vitro screening of polyherbal phytosomes for breast cancer therapy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:552-565. [PMID: 36269296 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2138911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Saudi Arabia has a rich culture of folk medicines and three such common herbs used by Saudi people for therapy of breast cancer are Turmeric (Kurkum) Curcuma longa, Chamomile (Babunaj) Matricaria chamomilla, and Aswaghantha (Aswaghadh) Withania somnifera. Hence, the present study aims to develop a polyherbal phytosome formulation by thin film hydration technique with a synergistic anti-cancer effect for the treatment of breast cancer. The phytosomes were standardized for their phytoconstituents by HPTLC and showed the best optimal properties with a mean vesicle diameter of less than 200 nm, zeta potential in the range of -24.43 to -35.70 mV, and relatively integrated structure with fairly uniform size on TEM. The in vitro MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and MDA MB 231 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines was carried out. MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines indicated that plant extract-loaded phytosomes exhibited enhanced cytotoxic effects at IC50 values. of 55, 50, 45, 52, 42, 44, and 20µg/mL compared to the extracts of C. longa, M. chamomilla, W. somnifera, and their combined extracts (80, 82, 74, 60, 70, 60, and 35 µg/mL respectively). Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species production was found to be higher for phytosomes treated cells at respective IC50 concentrations when compared to extracts. Overall, the developed polyherbal phytosomes were found to be effective and afford synergistic effects for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha K Govindaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Deaprtment of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Neelaveni Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Angum M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gover Antoniraj Mariya
- Deaprtment of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Moragrega I, Ríos JL. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Depression. II: Evidence from Clinical Trials. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1092-1110. [PMID: 34157753 DOI: 10.1055/a-1517-6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a syndrome characterized by deep sadness and the inhibition of psychic functions, sometimes accompanied by neurovegetative disorders, with symptoms of anxiety almost always present. The disease produces alterations in a variety of neural networks and neurotransmission systems, along with a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which leads to concomitant alterations in the immunological response. Generally, there is a parallel increase in proinflammatory mediators as well as oxidative and nitrosative damage caused by a reduction of antioxidant defenses. In a previous review, we compiled and examined studies of medicinal plants that had been evaluated in preclinical assays, including existing data on 155 species studied and reported as antidepressants or as sources of active principles for treating this condition. This review will thus limit its focus to the 95 clinical trials found in PubMed among the 670 articles on antidepressant-like medicinal plants. To this end, we have reviewed the publications cited in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and the Science Citation Index from 2000 to 2020. Our review emphasizes those species that have demonstrated the greatest pharmacological potential when studied for their antidepressant properties in humans through clinical trials. Saffron, turmeric, St. John's wort, ginkgo, kava, and golden root are the most relevant plants that have provided important evidence for the treatment of depression in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moragrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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28
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Ali Hosseinian S, Mehrzad J, Reza Mirhafez S, Saeedi J, Zhiani R, Sahebkar A. Evaluation of the effect of phytosomal curcuminoids on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in NAFLD: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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29
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Guarino O, Iovino C, Di Iorio V, Rosolia A, Schiavetti I, Lanza M, Simonelli F. Anatomical and Functional Effects of Oral Administration of Curcuma Longa and Boswellia Serrata Combination in Patients with Treatment-Naïve Diabetic Macular Edema. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154451. [PMID: 35956066 PMCID: PMC9369822 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor nowdays represents the standard of care for diabetic macular edema (DME). Nevertheless, the burden of injections worldwide has created tremendous stress on the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the oral administration of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata (Retimix®) in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) and treatment-naïve DME < 400 μm, managed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this retrospective study, patients were enrolled and divided into two groups, one undergoing observation (Group A, n 12) and one receiving one sachet a day of Retimix® (Group B, n 49). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were performed at baseline, then at one and six months. A mixed-design ANOVA was calculated to determine whether the change in CMT and BCVA over time differed according to the consumption of Retimix®. The interaction between time and treatment was significant, with F (1.032, 102.168) = 14.416; η2 = 0.127; p < 0.001, indicating that the change in terms of CMT and BCVA over time among groups was significantly different. In conclusion, our results show the efficacy of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata in patients with non-proliferative DR and treatment-naïve DME in maintaining baseline CMT and BCVA values over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Guarino
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.G.); (V.D.I.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Claudio Iovino
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.G.); (V.D.I.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Di Iorio
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.G.); (V.D.I.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Andrea Rosolia
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.G.); (V.D.I.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Irene Schiavetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Michele Lanza
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.G.); (V.D.I.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (O.G.); (V.D.I.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (F.S.)
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30
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Nanavati K, Rutherfurd-Markwick K, Lee SJ, Bishop NC, Ali A. Effect of curcumin supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage: a narrative review. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3835-3855. [PMID: 35831667 PMCID: PMC9596560 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenol extracted from turmeric, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the past few decades, curcumin's ability to impact chronic inflammatory conditions such as metabolic syndrome, arthritis, and cancer has been widely researched, along with growing interest in understanding its role in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). EIMD impacts individuals differently depending on the type (resistance exercise, high-intensity interval training, and running), intensity, and duration of the exercise. Exercise disrupts the muscles' ultrastructure, raises inflammatory cytokine levels, and can cause swelling in the affected limb, a reduction in range of motion (ROM), and a reduction in muscular force-producing capacity. This review focuses on the metabolism, pharmacokinetics of various brands of curcumin supplements, and the effect of curcumin supplementation on EIMD regarding muscle soreness, activity of creatine kinase (CK), and production of inflammatory markers. Curcumin supplementation in the dose range of 90-5000 mg/day can decrease the subjective perception of muscle pain intensity, increase antioxidant capacity, and reduce CK activity, which reduces muscle damage when consumed close to exercise. Consumption of curcumin also improves muscle performance and has an anti-inflammatory effect, downregulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Curcumin may also improve oxidative capacity without hampering training adaptations in untrained and recreationally active individuals. The optimal curcumin dose to ameliorate EIMD is challenging to assess as its effect depends on the curcumin concentration in the supplement and its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Nanavati
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - S. J. Lee
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N. C. Bishop
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - A. Ali
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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31
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Flory S, Benz AK, Frank J. Uptake and time-dependent subcellular localization of native and micellar curcumin in intestinal cells. Biofactors 2022; 48:897-907. [PMID: 35170815 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Uptake into intestinal cells and intracellular distribution into metabolically competent organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, are important processes potentially limiting the bioavailability of xenobiotics. The incorporation of curcumin into polysorbate 80 micelles improves its naturally low oral bioavailability in humans. Here, we investigated uptake and time-dependent localization of curcumin in intestinal cells when administered as native or micellar formulation. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated with 200 μmol/L native or micellar curcumin for up to 180 min and cellular uptake was quantified. Intracellular curcumin was detected already after 30 min and did not differ significantly between formulations or over time. Subcellular localization of native and micellar curcumin in Caco-2 cells was studied by density gradient centrifugation. After 30 min, curcumin from both formulations was mainly associated with mitochondria and lysosomes, after 180 min native curcumin was associated with mitochondria and peroxisomes, micellar curcumin with peroxisomes only. Uptake and localization of native and micellar curcumin in intestinal cells do not differ significantly and consequently do not explain differences in bioavailability in humans. The temporary co-localization with lysosomes is in agreement with the previously proposed role of endocytosis in cellular uptake of curcumin and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Flory
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Benz
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Donadio V, Incensi A, Rizzo G, Fileccia E, Ventruto F, Riva A, Tiso D, Recchia M, Vacchiano V, Infante R, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Avino S, Pantieri R, Mostacci B, Avoni P, Liguori R. The Effect of Curcumin on Idiopathic Parkinson Disease: A Clinical and Skin Biopsy Study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:545-552. [PMID: 35556131 PMCID: PMC9210322 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no standardized therapies for Parkinson disease (PD). Curcumin shows anti-amyloidogenic properties in vitro and may be a promising treatment for PD. We evaluated the effects of curcumin supplementation on clinical scales and misfolded, phosphorylated α-synuclein (p-syn) accumulation in skin biopsies in 19 PD patients who received curcumin supplementation for 12 months and 14 PD patients to treated with curcumin. The patients underwent autonomic (COMPASS-31), motor (MDS-UPDRS and H&Y) and nonmotor (NMSS) questionnaires and skin biopsies to evaluate clinical involvement and p-syn load in skin nerves at the beginning and the end of study. Curcumin and curcuminoid levels were assayed in plasma and CSF. Supplemented patients showed detectable CSF curcuminoid levels that were lower than those in plasma. They showed a decrease of COMPASS-31 and NMSS scores, and a slight p-syn load decrease versus untreated patients who displayed a worsening of these parameters despite increased levodopa doses. Multiple regression models showed a significant effect of curcumin supplementation in decreasing the worsening of the clinical parameters and p-syn load at after curcumin treatment. These data suggest that curcumin can cross the blood-brain barrier, that it is effective in ameliorating clinical parameters and that it shows a tendency to decrease skin p-syn accumulation in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Donadio
- Send correspondence to: Vincenzo Donadio, MD, PhD, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italia, via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy; E-mail:
| | - Alex Incensi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Fileccia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ventruto
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Veria Vacchiano
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Infante
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberta Pantieri
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neurologia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Mostacci
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Avoni
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocco Liguori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italy
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33
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Nguyen HD, Kim MS. The protective effects of curcumin on metabolic syndrome and its components: In-silico analysis for genes, transcription factors, and microRNAs involved. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109326. [PMID: 35728632 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms behind curcumin's therapeutic benefits for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. METHODS The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, MIENTURNET, Metascape, GeneMania, and Cytoscape software were critical analytic tools. RESULTS Curcumin may have therapeutic effects on MetS and its components via the following genes: NOS3, IL6, INS, and ADIPOQ, particularly PPARG. Curcumin has higher docking scores than other genes with INS and PPARG (docking scores: -8.3 and -5.8, respectively). Physical interactions (56%) were found to be the most prevalent for dyslipidemia, co-expression for hypertension, obesity, T2DM, and MetS. "Galanin receptor pathway", "lipid particles composition", "IL-18 signaling pathway", "response to extracellular stimulus", and "insulin resistance" were listed in the first of the key pathways for MetS, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, respectively. The protein-protein interaction enrichment analysis study also identified "vitamin B12 metabolism," "folate metabolism," and "selenium micronutrient network" as three major molecular pathways linked to MetS targeted by curcumin. PPARG was the key transcription factor that regulated practically all curcumin-targeted genes linked to MetS and its components. Curcumin targeted hsa-miR-155-5p, which has been linked to T2DM, hypertension, and MetS, as well as hsa-miR-130b-3p and hsa-miR-22-3p, which have been linked to dyslipidemia and obesity, respectively. In silico, sponges that regulated hsa-miR-155-5p were developed and evaluated. Curcumin, MetS, and its components have been found to target adipocytes, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle, the liver, and pancreas. Curcumin's physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics are closely connected with its therapeutic advantages in MetS and its components due to its high gastrointestinal absorption, drug-likeness, water solubility, and lipophilic nature. Curcumin is a CYP1A9 and CYP3A4 inhibitor. Although curcumin has a low bioavailability, it can be synthesized and administered to increase its pharmacokinetic features. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin needs to undergo therapeutic optimization and further study into its pharmacological structure before it can be used to treat MetS and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Formulated Curcumin Prevents Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy through Reduction in Neuroinflammation by Modulation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061296. [PMID: 35745868 PMCID: PMC9227889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is widely used in the treatment of various types of solid malignancies. Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is often characterized by burning pain, cold, and mechanical allodynia in patients. Currently, specific pharmacological treatments against PIPN are lacking. Curcumin, a polyphenol of Curcuma longa, shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects and has recently shown efficacy in the mitigation of various peripheral neuropathies. Here, we tested, for the first time, the therapeutic effect of 1.5% dietary curcumin and Meriva (a lecithin formulation of curcumin) in preventing the development of PIPN in C57BL/6J mice. Curcumin or Meriva treatment was initiated one week before injection of paclitaxel and continued throughout the study (21 days). Mechanical and cold sensitivity as well as locomotion/motivation were tested by the von Frey, acetone, and wheel-running tests, respectively. Additionally, sensory-nerve-action-potential (SNAP) amplitude by caudal-nerve electrical stimulation, electronic microscopy of the sciatic nerve, and inflammatory-protein quantification in DRG and the spinal cord were measured. Interestingly, a higher concentration of curcumin was observed in the spinal cord with the Meriva diet than the curcumin diet. Our results showed that paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was partially prevented by the curcumin diet but completely prevented by Meriva. Both the urcumin diet and the Meriva diet completely prevented cold hypersensitivity, the reduction in SNAP amplitude and reduced mitochondrial pathology in sciatic nerves observed in paclitaxel-treated mice. Paclitaxel-induced inflammation in the spinal cord was also prevented by the Meriva diet. In addition, an increase in α7 nAChRs mRNA, known for its anti-inflammatory effects, was also observed in the spinal cord with the Meriva diet in paclitaxel-treated mice. The use of the α7 nAChR antagonist and α7 nAChR KO mice showed, for the first time in vivo, that the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in peripheral neuropathy were mediated by these receptors. The results presented in this study represent an important advance in the understanding of the mechanism of action of curcumin in vivo. Taken together, our results show the therapeutic potential of curcumin in preventing the development of PIPN and further confirms the role of α7 nAChRs in the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin.
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Obeid MA, Alsaadi M, Aljabali AA. Recent updates in curcumin delivery. J Liposome Res 2022; 33:53-64. [PMID: 35699160 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2086567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural component extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a natural plat with known medicinal uses for more than 4000 years. Most turmeric therapeutic effects are attributed to curcumin, a yellow-coloured extract. Curcumin has received considerable attention due to its biological activities, such as its use in arthritis, liver and neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, and several types of cancers. Most of these curcumin therapeutic activities are related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the clinical application of curcumin is hampered by some limitations that prevent its extensive clinical application. Curcumin high hydrophobicity of curcumin and limited water solubility are among the most important limitations. This poor solubility will result in low bioavailability due to its poor absorption into plasma and the target tissues. Curcumin also has rapid metabolism, which will significantly lower its bioavailability and shorten its half-life. Moreover, curcumin is photosensitive with limited chemical stability during manufacturing and storage. These limitations have been overcome by applying nanotechnology using several types of nanoparticles (NPs). This includes using NPs such as liposomes, niosomes, gold nanoparticles, and many others to improve the curcumin solubility and bioavailability. This review focuses on the different types of NPs investigated and the outcomes generated by their use in the most recent studies in this field. To follow the latest advances in the field of site-specific drug delivery using nanomaterials, an electronic databases search was conducted using PubMed, Google scholar and Scopus using the following keywords: lipid-based nanoparticles, curcumin delivery, niosomes, and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Manal Alsaadi
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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Tomaras S, Keyßer G, Feist E. Curcumin: Useful add-on for Rheumatic Diseases? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102908. [PMID: 35629033 PMCID: PMC9143911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived nutraceuticals are proposed as new key instruments to represent a profound “back to basics” shift in medical treatment. Data accumulated over the past ten years suggest that curcumin, the major active compound of the turmeric plant, has anti-inflammatory properties. It has yet to be determined whether the anti-inflammatory profile of curcumin is potent enough to justify the application of this substance as a nutritional supplement for patients with rheumatic diseases. To address this question, the most relevant in vitro studies that investigate the mechanism of action of curcumin were reviewed in this article. In addition, a total of 18 animal and human trials were evaluated. The pleiotropic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of curcumin were observed in animal studies. In addition, human trials demonstrated promising findings. In these studies, curcumin was able to reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, lower the level of the C-reactive protein and improve clinical parameters. A limiting factor of the application of curcumin is the inconsistent bioavailability of the substance. Therefore, new formulations have been developed to improve the pharmacodynamic profile of curcumin. The future acceptance of the substance is dependent on new controlled clinical trials with a standardised formulation of curcumin administered as well as standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Tomaras
- Department of Rheumatology, HELIOS Clinic Vogelsang-Gommern, 39245 Vogelsang-Gommern, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gernot Keyßer
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Eugen Feist
- Department of Rheumatology, HELIOS Clinic Vogelsang-Gommern, 39245 Vogelsang-Gommern, Germany;
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Surma S, Sahebkar A, Urbański J, Penson PE, Banach M. Curcumin - The Nutraceutical With Pleiotropic Effects? Which Cardiometabolic Subjects Might Benefit the Most? Front Nutr 2022; 9:865497. [PMID: 35662932 PMCID: PMC9159377 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous advances in pharmacotherapy, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the world's leading killer. Atherosclerosis relates not only to an increased level of cholesterol, but involves the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which are formed as a result of processes including inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, in addition to the classical risk factors for ASCVD (such as type 2 diabetes, overweight, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome), residual risk factors such as inflammation and oxidative stress should also be reduced. The most important intervention in ASCVD is prevention, which includes promoting a healthy diet based on products of natural origin. Curcumin, which is often present in the diet, has been demonstrate to confer several benefits to health. It has been shown in numerous clinical trials that curcumin exhibited anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as promoting weight loss. All this means that curcumin has a comprehensive impact on the most important risk factors of ASCVD and may be a beneficial support in the treatment of these diseases. Recently, it has also been shown that curcumin may have a beneficial effect on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and might be helpful in the prevention of long-COVID complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the safety and efficacy of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Club of Young Hypertensiologists, Polish Society of Hypertension, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Peter E. Penson
- Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Łódź, Poland
- *Correspondence: Maciej Banach
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Superior Bioavailability of a Novel Curcumin Formulation in Healthy Humans Under Fasting Conditions. Adv Ther 2022; 39:2128-2138. [PMID: 35294738 PMCID: PMC9056459 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite its broad range of biological activities, use of curcumin is limited because of poor bioavailability. Here we report a novel curcumin formulation, Curcuwin Ultra+ (CU+), with superior bioavailability as compared to 95% turmeric extract (TUR 1800). Methods A randomized, double-blind, three-treatment, crossover oral bioavailability study was conducted in 24 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Subjects received a single dose of CU+ 250 mg, 500 mg and 1900 mg of TUR1800 as per randomization schedule and blood samples were collected at 4 h and 0 h before dosing, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h post dose. Total curcuminoids were measured as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and tetrahydrocurcumin using a validated LC–MS/MS method. Results CU+ achieved a significantly higher (p < 0.05) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and total systemic exposure (AUC0–6 and AUC0–12) for total curcuminoids as compared to TUR 1800. We observed 101 and 100 times higher Cmax respectively for 250 and 500 mg doses of CU+ as compared to 1900 mg of TUR1800. Similarly, AUC0–6 was 144 and 149 times higher whereas AUC0–12 was 99 and 113 times higher respectively for 250 and 500 mg doses of CU+ as compared to 1900 mg dose of TUR1800. Further, CU+ showed 40% faster absorption (p < 0.05). No safety issues were observed. Conclusion CU+, which is designed for increased absorption and protection of curcuminoids from intestinal degradation, demonstrated superior bioavailability as compared to TUR1800 at considerably smaller doses. Additional clinical studies will help to demonstrate the impact of its increased bioavailability on efficacy. Clinical Trial Registration CTRI/2020/10/028508 (Clinical Trials Registry—India).
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Allegri P, Cimino L, Davis JL, Tugal-Tutkun I. Assessment of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of NORFLO® ORO in Acute Relapses of HLA-B27-associated Autoimmune Uveitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022; 31:526-535. [PMID: 35353651 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2039210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An effective therapy to reduce the number and severity of HLA-B27-related acute anterior uveitis (AAU) recurrences represents a clinical need. Curcumin is a promising therapeutic option in various inflammatory eye diseases. To enhance its absorption and eye tissue selectivity, a phospholipidic-curcumin complex (PHBC) has been formulated (Iphytoone®, Eye Pharma S.p.A.). AIMS This study investigates if PHBC is effective and safe to decrease the number and intensity of HLA-B27-related AAU relapses. METHODS HLA-B27-related AAU patients were randomly divided to receive PHBC or placebo for 12 months (NCT03584724). RESULTS Compared with the previous year, the number of relapses decreased in both groups. The proportion of responders was significantly higher in the PBHC group. The severity of attacks was comparable. The study drug was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS A beneficial effect of PHBC treatment is suggested because the proportion of responders was significantly higher in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Allegri
- Uveitis and Inflammatory Eye Diseases Referral Center, Rapallo Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Cimino
- Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Janet L Davis
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Polia F, Pastor-Belda M, Martínez-Blázquez A, Horcajada MN, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Villalba R. Technological and Biotechnological Processes To Enhance the Bioavailability of Dietary (Poly)phenols in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2092-2107. [PMID: 35156799 PMCID: PMC8880379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of (poly)phenols (PPs) depend upon their bioavailability that, in general, is very low and shows a high interindividual variability. The low bioavailability of PPs is mainly attributed to their low absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract as a result of their low water solubility, their presence in foods as polymers or in glycosylated forms, and their tight bond to food matrices. Although many studies have investigated how technological and biotechnological processes affect the phenolic composition of fruits and vegetables, limited information exists regarding their effects on PP bioavailability in humans. In the present review, the effect of food processing (mechanical, thermal, and non-thermal treatments), oral-delivery nanoformulations, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, co-administration with probiotics, and generation of postbiotics in PP bioavailability have been overviewed, focusing in the evidence provided in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Polia
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of
International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Blázquez
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Gbolahan OB, O'Neil BH, McRee AJ, Sanoff HK, Fallon JK, Smith PC, Ivanova A, Moore DT, Dumond J, Asher GN. A Phase I evaluation of the effect of curcumin on dose-limiting toxicity and pharmacokinetics of irinotecan in participants with solid tumors. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1304-1315. [PMID: 35157783 PMCID: PMC9099132 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin inhibits UDP‐glucuronyltransferases, a primary metabolic pathway for cancer chemotherapeutic agents like irinotecan. Concurrent administration of both agents may exacerbate irinotecan toxicity. We conducted this phase I study to determine the safety of concurrent curcumin and irinotecan administration. Ten participants with advanced solid tumors received one of four doses (1, 2, 3, and 4 g) of a curcumin phosphatidylcholine complex (PC) orally daily, and 200 mg/m2 of i.v. infusion irinotecan on days 1 and 15 of a 28‐day cycle, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PC. Thirteen participants received 4 g of PC (MTD) to assess the effect on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of irinotecan and its metabolites, SN‐38 and SN‐38G. Irinotecan, SN‐38, and SN‐38G exposure equivalence with and without curcumin was assessed using area under the plasma concentration‐time curves from 0 to 6 h (AUC0‐6h). Safety assessments and disease responses were also evaluated. The combination of irinotecan and PC was well‐tolerated. Because there was no dose limiting toxicity, the maximum dose administered (4 g) was defined as the recommended phase II dose of PC. PC did not significantly alter the plasma exposure and other PK properties of irinotecan and its metabolites. There was no apparent increase in the incidence of irinotecan‐associated toxicities. The objective response rate was 3/19 (22%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5–39%), median progression free survival and overall survival (n = 23) were 4 months (95% CI: 2.9–8.9 months) and 8.4 months (95% CI: 3.7 – not evaluable [NE]), respectively. Future studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide B Gbolahan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Autumn J McRee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hanna K Sanoff
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John K Fallon
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Philip C Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Dominic T Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Julie Dumond
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Gary N Asher
- Department of Family Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 590 Manning Drive, CB# 7595, Chapel Hill, USA
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Sorng S, Balayssac S, Danoun S, Assemat G, Mirre A, Cristofoli V, Le Lamer AC, Jullian V, Gilard V, Fabre N, Martino R, Malet-Martino M. Quality assessment of Curcuma dietary supplements: complementary data from LC-MS and 1H NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ray AK, Luis PB, Mishra SK, Barry DP, Asim M, Pandey A, Chaturvedi M, Gupta J, Gupta S, Mahant S, Das R, Kumar P, Shalimar, Wilson KT, Schneider C, Chaturvedi R. Curcumin Oxidation Is Required for Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Growth, Translocation and Phosphorylation of Cag A. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:765842. [PMID: 35004346 PMCID: PMC8740292 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.765842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a potential natural remedy for preventing Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric inflammation and cancer. Here, we analyzed the effect of a phospholipid formulation of curcumin on H. pylori growth, translocation and phosphorylation of the virulence factor CagA and host protein kinase Src in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of H. pylori infection. Growth of H. pylori was inhibited dose-dependently by curcumin in vitro. H. pylori was unable to metabolically reduce curcumin, whereas two enterobacteria, E. coli and Citrobacter rodentium, which efficiently reduced curcumin to the tetra- and hexahydro metabolites, evaded growth inhibition. Oxidative metabolism of curcumin was required for the growth inhibition of H. pylori and the translocation and phosphorylation of CagA and cSrc, since acetal- and diacetal-curcumin that do not undergo oxidative transformation were ineffective. Curcumin attenuated mRNA expression of the H. pylori virulence genes cagE and cagF in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited translocation and phosphorylation of CagA in gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori strains isolated from dietary curcumin-treated mice showed attenuated ability to induce cSrc phosphorylation and the mRNA expression of the gene encoding for IL-8, suggesting long-lasting effects of curcumin on the virulence of H. pylori. Our work provides mechanistic evidence that encourages testing of curcumin as a dietary approach to inhibit the virulence of CagA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Ray
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Department of Microbiology, Saheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Achyut Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Maya Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Mahant
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rajashree Das
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Aurobindo College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Vahedian-Azimi A, Abbasifard M, Rahimi-Bashar F, Guest PC, Majeed M, Mohammadi A, Banach M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effectiveness of Curcumin on Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020256. [PMID: 35057437 PMCID: PMC8779570 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ongoing vaccination efforts, there is still an urgent need for safe and effective treatments to help curb the debilitating effects of COVID-19 disease. This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of supplemental curcumin treatment on clinical outcomes and inflammation-related biomarker profiles in COVID-19 patients. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Ovid databases up to 30 June 2021 to find studies that assessed the effects of curcumin-related compounds in mild to severe COVID-19 patients. Six studies were identified which showed that curcumin supplementation led to a significant decrease in common symptoms, duration of hospitalization and deaths. In addition, all of these studies showed that the intervention led to amelioration of cytokine storm effects thought to be a driving force in severe COVID-19 cases. This was seen as a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1β and IL6, with a concomitant significant (p < 0.05) increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10, IL-35 and TGF-α. Taken together, these findings suggested that curcumin exerts its beneficial effects through at least partial restoration of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance. In conclusion, curcumin supplementation may offer an efficacious and safe option for improving COVID-19 disease outcomes. We highlight the point that future clinical studies of COVID-19 disease should employ larger cohorts of patients in different clinical settings with standardized preparations of curcumin-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7718175911, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7718175911, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Farshid Rahimi-Bashar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6515917495, Iran;
| | - Paul C. Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, Brazil;
| | | | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 6617713446, Iran;
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91177948954, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
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45
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The Effects of Modified Curcumin Preparations on Glial Morphology in Aging and Neuroinflammation. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:813-824. [PMID: 34988899 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by reactive microglia and astrocytes (collectively called gliosis) in the central nervous system and is considered as one of the main pathological hallmarks in different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, age-related dementia, and multiple sclerosis. Upon activation, glia undergoes structural and morphological changes such as the microglial cells swell in size and astrocytes become bushy, which play both beneficial and detrimental roles. Hence, they are unable to perform the normal physiological role in brain immunity. Curcumin, a cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug, has a high proven pre-clinical potency and efficacy to reverse chronic neuroinflammation by attenuating the activation and morphological changes that occur in the microglia and astrocytes. This review will highlight the recent findings on the tree structure changes of microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation and the effects of curcumin against the activation and morphology of glial cells.
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46
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Curcumin Supplementation (Meriva ®) Modulates Inflammation, Lipid Peroxidation and Gut Microbiota Composition in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010231. [PMID: 35011106 PMCID: PMC8747135 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) subjects suffer from high risk of cardiovascular mortality, and any intervention preventing the progression of CKD may have an enormous impact on public health. In the last decade, there has been growing awareness that the gut microbiota (GM) can play a pivotal role in controlling the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory state and CKD progression. To ameliorate the quality of life in CKD subjects, the use of dietary supplements has increased over time. Among those, curcumin has demonstrated significant in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. In this pilot study, 24 CKD patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. CKD patients followed nutritional counselling and were supplemented with curcumin (Meriva®) for six months. Different parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 3-6 months: uremic toxins, metagenomic of GM, and nutritional, inflammatory, and oxidative status. Curcumin significantly reduced plasma pro-inflammatory mediators (CCL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4) and lipid peroxidation. Regarding GM, after 6 months of curcumin supplementation, Escherichia-Shigella was significantly lower, while Lachnoclostridium was significant higher. Notably, at family level, Lactobacillaceae spp. were found significantly higher in the last 3 months of supplementation. No adverse events were observed in the supplemented group, confirming the good safety profile of curcumin phytosome after long-term administration.
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47
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Kumar A, Hegde M, Parama D, Kunnumakkara AB. Curcumin: The Golden Nutraceutical on the Road to Cancer Prevention and Therapeutics. A Clinical Perspective. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:33-63. [PMID: 37183937 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023045587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as the major public health scourge of the 21st century. Although remarkable strides were made for developing targeted therapeutics, these therapies suffer from lack of efficacy, high cost, and debilitating side effects. Therefore, the search for safe, highly efficacious, and affordable therapies is paramount for establishing a treatment regimen for this deadly disease. Curcumin, a known natural, bioactive, polyphenol compound from the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been well documented for its wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. A plethora of literature indicates its potency as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Curcumin exhibits anti-neoplastic attributes via regulating a wide array of biological cascades involved in mutagenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, oncogene expression, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Curcumin has shown a wide range of pleiotropic anti-proliferative effect in multiple cancers and is a known inhibitor of varied oncogenic elements, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), c-myc, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, VEGF, COX-2, NOS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins, and MMP-9. Further, curcumin targets different growth factor receptors and cell adhesion molecules involved in tumor growth and progression, making it a most promising nutraceutical for cancer therapy. To date, curcumin-based therapeutics have completed more than 50 clinical trials for cancer. Although creative experimentation is still elucidating the immense potential of curcumin, systematic validation by proper randomized clinical trials warrant its transition from lab to bedside. Therefore, this review summarizes the outcome of diverse clinical trials of curcumin in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
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48
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Funk JL, Schneider C. Perspective on Improving the Relevance, Rigor, and Reproducibility of Botanical Clinical Trials: Lessons Learned From Turmeric Trials. Front Nutr 2021; 8:782912. [PMID: 34926556 PMCID: PMC8678600 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.782912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds, without doubt, can have significant medicinal effects since many notable drugs in use today, such as morphine or taxol, were first isolated from botanical sources. When an isolated and purified phytochemical is developed as a pharmaceutical, the uniformity and appropriate use of the product are well defined. Less clear are the benefits and best use of plant-based dietary supplements or other formulations since these products, unlike traditional drugs, are chemically complex and variable in composition, even if derived from a single plant source. This perspective will summarize key points-including the premise of ethnobotanical and preclinical evidence, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and safety-inherent and unique to the study of botanical dietary supplements to be considered when planning or evaluating botanical clinical trials. Market forces and regulatory frameworks also affect clinical trial design since in the United States, for example, botanical dietary supplements cannot be marketed for disease treatment and submission of information on safety or efficacy is not required. Specific challenges are thus readily apparent both for consumers comparing available products for purchase, as well as for commercially sponsored vs. independent researchers planning clinical trials to evaluate medicinal effects of botanicals. Turmeric dietary supplements, a top selling botanical in the United States and focus of over 400 clinical trials to date, will be used throughout to illustrate both the promise and pitfalls associated with the clinical evaluation of botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Funk
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Sohn SI, Priya A, Balasubramaniam B, Muthuramalingam P, Sivasankar C, Selvaraj A, Valliammai A, Jothi R, Pandian S. Biomedical Applications and Bioavailability of Curcumin-An Updated Overview. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2102. [PMID: 34959384 PMCID: PMC8703330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a yellow-colored molecule derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been identified as the bioactive compound responsible for numerous pharmacological activities of turmeric, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, etc. Nevertheless, the clinical application of curcumin is inadequate due to its low solubility, poor absorption, rapid metabolism and elimination. Advancements in recent research have shown several components and techniques to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. Combining with adjuvants, encapsulating in carriers and formulating in nanoforms, in combination with other bioactive agents, synthetic derivatives and structural analogs of curcumin, have shown increased efficiency and bioavailability, thereby augmenting the range of applications of curcumin. The scope for incorporating biotechnology and nanotechnology in amending the current drawbacks would help in expanding the biomedical applications and clinical efficacy of curcumin. Therefore, in this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the plethora of therapeutic potentials of curcumin, their drawbacks in efficient clinical applications and the recent advancements in improving curcumin's bioavailability for effective use in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
| | | | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, India
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India;
| | - Anthonymuthu Selvaraj
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Alaguvel Valliammai
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 84990, Israel;
| | - Ravi Jothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India; (A.P.); (P.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
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50
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Moghaddam AH, Maboudi K, Bavaghar B, Sangdehi SRM, Zare M. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin-loaded nanophytosome on ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors and oxidative damage in male mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136249. [PMID: 34536510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin as an antioxidant natural herb has shown numerous pharmacological effects. However, the poor bioavailability of curcumin is a significant pharmacological barrier for its antioxidant activities. The present study was conducted to develop curcumin-loaded nanophytosome (CNP) and explore their therapeutic potential in a ketamine (KET)-induced schizophrenia (SCZ) model. The mice in our experiment were treated orally with curcumin and CNP (20 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. In addition, the animals received intraperitoneal injection of KET (30 mg/kg/day) from the 16th to the 30th day. SCZ-like behaviors were evaluated employing forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and novel object recognition test (NORT), and oxidative stress markers in the brain were estimated. Our results revealed that CNP has a greater neuroprotective effect compared to free curcumin. CNP pretreatment significantly ameliorated KET-induced brain injury evidenced by a marked reduction in the depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, memory deficits, and oxidative stress markers in cortical and subcortical tissues. Therefore, CNP, as a suitable drug delivery system, may improve curcumin bioavailability and confer stronger neuroprotective effects against KET-induced behavioral deficits and oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadijeh Maboudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Bita Bavaghar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Zare
- Faculty of Herbs, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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