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Huang C, Wang Y, Zhou C, Fan X, Sun Q, Han J, Hua C, Li Y, Niu Y, Emeka Okonkwo C, Yao D, Song L, Otu P. Properties, extraction and purification technologies of Stevia rebaudiana steviol glycosides: A review. Food Chem 2024; 453:139622. [PMID: 38761729 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
For health and safety reasons, the search for green, healthy, and low-calorie sweeteners with good taste has become the demand of many consumers. Furthermore, the need for sugar substitutes of natural origin has increased dramatically. In this review, we briefly discussed the safety and health benefits of stevia sweeteners and enumerated some examples of physiological functions of steviol glycosides (SGs), such as anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anti-diabetes, and anticaries, citing various evidence related to their application in the food industry. The latest advances in emerging technologies for extracting and purifying SGs and the process variables and operational strategies were discussed. The impact of the extraction methods and their comparison against the conventional techniques have also been demonstrated. These technologies use minimal energy solvents and simplify subsequent purification stages, making viable alternatives suitable for a possible industrial application. Furthermore, we also elucidated the potential for advancing and applying the natural sweeteners SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Xingyu Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qiaolan Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Chenhui Hua
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Clinton Emeka Okonkwo
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Deyang Yao
- Jiangsu Teweinong Food Co., Ltd., Xinghua 225700, PR China
| | - Linglin Song
- Jiangsu Teweinong Food Co., Ltd., Xinghua 225700, PR China
| | - Phyllis Otu
- Accra Technical University, P. O. Box GP 561, Barnes Road, Accra, Ghana
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2
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Muñoz-Labrador A, Hernandez-Hernandez O, Moreno FJ. A review of the state of sweeteners science: the natural versus artificial non-caloric sweeteners debate. Stevia rebaudiana and Siraitia grosvenorii into the spotlight. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1080-1102. [PMID: 39103281 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2254929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the worldwide prevalence of obesity and certain non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as: cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, has been mainly attributed to an excess of sugar consumption. Although the potential benefits of the synergetic use of sweeteners have been known for many years, recent development based on synthesis strategies to produce sucrose-like taste profiles is emerging where biocatalyst approaches may be preferred to produce and supply specific sweetener compounds. From a nutritional standpoint, high-intensity sweeteners have fewer calories than sugars while providing a major sweet potency, placing them in the spotlight as valuable alternatives to sugar. Due to the modern world awareness and incidence of metabolic diseases, both food research and growing markets have focused on two generally regarded as safe (GRAS) groups of compounds: the sweet diterpenoid glycosides present on the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana and, more recently, on the cucurbitane triterpene glycosides present on the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. In spite of their flavor advantages, biological benefits, including: antidiabetic, anticancer, and cardiovascular properties, have been elucidated. The present bibliographical review dips into the state-of-the-art of sweeteners and their role in human health as sugar replacements, as well as the biotransformation methods for steviol gylcosides and mogrosides apropos of enzymatic technology to update and locate the discoveries to date in the scientific literature to help boost the continuity of research efforts of the ongoing sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F Javier Moreno
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Li M, Wang J, Zhang C, Zhao X, Xiong Y, Cao Y, Wang D, Li X, Liang X, Qing G. Single-Molecule Identification and Quantification of Steviol Glycosides with a Deep Learning-Powered Nanopore Sensor. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39189792 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides (SGs) are a class of high-potency noncalorie natural sweeteners made up of a common diterpenoid core and varying glycans. Thus, the diversity of glycans in composition, linkage, and isomerism results in the tremendous structural complexity of the SG family, which poses challenges for the precise identification and leads to the fact that SGs are frequently used in mixtures and their variances in biological activity remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a wild-type aerolysin nanopore can detect and discriminate diverse SG species through the modulable electro-osmotic flow effect at varied applied voltages. At low voltages, the neutral SG molecule was drawn and stuck in the pore entrance due to an energy barrier around R220 sites. The ensuing binding events enable the identification of the majority of SG species. Increasing the voltage can break the barrier and cause translocation events, allowing for the unambiguous identification of several pairs of SGs differing by only one hydroxyl group through recognition accumulation from multiple sensing regions and sites. Based on nanopore data of 15 SGs, a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) model was created to process the individual blockage events, achieving the rapid, automated, and precise single-molecule identification and quantification of SGs in real samples. This work highlights the value of nanopore sensing for precise structural analysis of complex glycans-containing glycosides, as well as the potential for sensitive and rapid quality assurance analysis of glycoside products with the use of AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Xinjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Dalian Lingshui Bay Laboratory, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonong Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Putkaradze N, Dato L, Kırtel O, Hansen J, Welner DH. Enzymatic glycosylation of aloesone performed by plant UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae050. [PMID: 38995933 PMCID: PMC11273223 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aloesone is a bioactive natural product and biosynthetic precursor of rare glucosides found in rhubarb and some aloe plants including Aloe vera. This study aimed to investigate biocatalytic aloesone glycosylation and more than 400 uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) candidates, including multifunctional and promiscuous enzymes from a variety of plant species were assayed. As a result, 137 selective aloesone UGTs were discovered, including four from the natural producer rhubarb. Rhubarb UGT72B49 was further studied and its catalytic constants (kcat = 0.00092 ± 0.00003 s-1, KM = 30 ± 2.5 μM) as well as temperature and pH optima (50 °C and pH 7, respectively) were determined. We further aimed to find an efficient aloesone glycosylating enzyme with potential application for biocatalytic production of the glucoside. We discovered UGT71C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana as an efficient aloesone UGT showing a 167-fold higher catalytic efficiency compared to that of UGT72B49. Interestingly, sequence analysis of all the 137 newly identified aloesone UGTs showed that they belong to different phylogenetic groups, with the highest representation in groups B, D, E, F and L. Finally, our study indicates that aloesone C-glycosylation is highly specific and rare, since it was not possible to achieve in an efficient manner with any of the 422 UGTs assayed, including multifunctional GTs and 28 known C-UGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Putkaradze
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 220, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Laura Dato
- River Stone Biotech ISG, Fruebjergvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Onur Kırtel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 220, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Hansen
- River Stone Biotech ISG, Fruebjergvej 3, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 220, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Sirirungruang S, Blay V, Scott YF, Pereira JH, Hammel M, Barnum CR, Adams PD, Shih PM. Structural and biochemical basis for regiospecificity of the flavonoid glycosyltransferase UGT95A1. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107602. [PMID: 39059496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a predominant strategy plants use to fine-tune the properties of small molecule metabolites to affect their bioactivity, transport, and storage. It is also important in biotechnology and medicine as many glycosides are utilized in human health. Small molecule glycosylation is largely carried out by family 1 glycosyltransferases. Here, we report a structural and biochemical investigation of UGT95A1, a family 1 GT enzyme from Pilosella officinarum that exhibits a strong, unusual regiospecificity for the 3'-O position of flavonoid acceptor substrate luteolin. We obtained an apo crystal structure to help drive the analyses of a series of binding site mutants, revealing that while most residues are tolerant to mutations, key residues M145 and D464 are important for overall glycosylation activity. Interestingly, E347 is crucial for maintaining the strong preference for 3'-O glycosylation, while R462 can be mutated to increase regioselectivity. The structural determinants of regioselectivity were further confirmed in homologous enzymes. Our study also suggests that the enzyme contains large, highly dynamic, disordered regions. We showed that while most disordered regions of the protein have little to no implication in catalysis, the disordered regions conserved among investigated homologs are important to both the overall efficiency and regiospecificity of the enzyme. This report represents a comprehensive in-depth analysis of a family 1 GT enzyme with a unique substrate regiospecificity and may provide a basis for enzyme functional prediction and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasilada Sirirungruang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Vincent Blay
- Biofuels and Bioproducts Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Yasmine F Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jose H Pereira
- Technology Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Collin R Barnum
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paul D Adams
- Technology Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
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6
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Yang L, Yang M, Deng Z, Luo Z, Yuan Z, Rao Y, Zhang Y. Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of Rebaudioside M8 through Structure-Guided Engineering of Glycosyltransferase UGT94E13. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15823-15831. [PMID: 38959519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Given the low-calorie, high-sweetness characteristics of steviol glycosides (SGs), developing SGs with improved taste profiles is a key focus. Rebaudioside M8 (Reb M8), a novel non-natural SG derivative obtained through glycosylation at the C-13 position of rebaudioside D (Reb D) using glycosyltransferase UGT94E13, holds promise for further development due to its enhanced sweetness. However, the low catalytic activity of UGT94E13 hampers further research and commercialization. This study aimed to improve the enzymatic activity of UGT94E13 through semirational design, and a variant UGT94E13-F169G/I185G was obtained with the catalytic activity improved by 13.90 times. A cascade reaction involving UGT94E13-F169G/I185G and sucrose synthase AtSuSy was established to recycle uridine diphosphate glucose, resulting in an efficient preparation of Reb M8 with a yield of 98%. Moreover, according to the analysis of the distances between the substrate Reb D and enzymes as well as between Reb D and the glucose donor through molecular dynamics simulations, it is found that the positive effect of shortening the distance on glycosylation reaction activity accounts for the improved catalytic activity of UGT94E13-F169G/I185G. Therefore, this study addresses the bottleneck in the efficient production of Reb M8 and provides a foundation for its widespread application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhengshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Roy S, Ghosh A, Majie A, Karmakar V, Das S, Dinda SC, Bose A, Gorain B. Terpenoids as potential phytoconstituent in the treatment of diabetes: From preclinical to clinical advancement. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155638. [PMID: 38728916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus, a hyperglycemic condition associated with multitudinous organ dysfunction, is a hallmark of the metabolic disorder. This life-threatening condition affects millions of individuals globally, harming them financially, physically and psychologically in the course of therapy. PURPOSES The course therapy for illnesses has undergone ground-breaking transformations due to recent technical advances and insights. Alternatively, the administration of hyperglycemia-reducing agents results in several complications, including severe cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, hepatic problems, and several dermatological conditions. Consideration of alternate diabetic therapy having minimal side effects or no adverse reactions has been driven by such problems. STUDY DESIGN An extensive literature study was conducted in authoritative scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify the studies elucidating the bioactivities of terpenoids in diabetic conditions. METHODS Keywords including 'terpenoids', 'monoterpenes', 'diterpenes', 'sesquiterpenes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'clinical trials', 'preclinical studies', and 'increased blood glucose' were used to identify the relevant research articles. The exclusion criteria, such as English language, duplication, open access, abstract only, and studies not involving preclinical and clinical research, were set. Based on these criteria, 937 relevant articles were selected for further evaluation. RESULTS Triterpenes can serve as therapeutic agents for diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney dysfunction by inhibiting several pathways linked to hyperglycemia and its complications. Therefore, it is essential to draw special attention to these compounds' therapeutic effectiveness and provide scientific professionals with novel data. CONCLUSION This study addressed recent progress in research focussing on mechanisms of terpenoid, its by-products, physiological actions, and therapeutic applications, particularly in diabetic and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Roy
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Arya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourav Das
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Subas Chandra Dinda
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirbandeep Bose
- School of Medical Science, Adamas University, Barbaria, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, India.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
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8
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Beekwilder J, Schempp FM, Styles MQ, Zelder O. Microbial synthesis of terpenoids for human nutrition - an emerging field with high business potential. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103099. [PMID: 38447324 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Because of their complicated biosynthesis and hydrophobic nature, fermentative production of terpenoids did not play a significant role on a commercial scale until a few years ago. Driven by technological progress in metabolic engineering and process biotechnology, terpene-based food ingredients such as flavors, sweeteners, and vitamins produced by fermentation have now become viable and commercially competitive options. In recent years, several companies have developed microbial platforms for commercial terpene production. Impressive progress has been made in the fermentative production of sesquiterpenes used in flavorings. The development of sweeteners, such as steviol glycosides and mogrosides, and the production of vitamins A and E based on fermentation are also being explored. The production of monoterpenes remains challenging due to their antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence M Schempp
- BASF SE, Industrial Biotechnology I, RGD/BD - A30, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Oskar Zelder
- BASF SE, Industrial Biotechnology I, RGD/BD - A30, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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9
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Huang W, Liu Y, Ma X, Ma C, Jiang Y, Su J. Rational Design for the Complete Synthesis of Stevioside in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1125. [PMID: 38930507 PMCID: PMC11206123 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevioside is a secondary metabolite of diterpenoid glycoside production in plants. It has been used as a natural sweetener in various foods because of its high sweetness and low-calorie content. In this study, we constructed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for the complete synthesis of stevioside using a metabolic engineering strategy. Firstly, the synthesis pathway of steviol was modularly constructed in S. cerevisiae BY4742, and the precursor pathway was strengthened. The yield of steviol was used as an indicator to investigate the expression effect of different sources of diterpene synthases under different combinations, and the strains with further improved steviol yield were screened. Secondly, glycosyltransferases were heterologously expressed in this strain to produce stevioside, the sequence of glycosyltransferase expression was optimized, and the uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc) supply was enhanced. Finally, the results showed that the strain SST-302III-ST2 produced 164.89 mg/L of stevioside in a shake flask experiment, and the yield of stevioside reached 1104.49 mg/L in an experiment employing a 10 L bioreactor with batch feeding, which was the highest yield reported. We constructed strains with a high production of stevioside, thus laying the foundation for the production of other classes of steviol glycosides and holding good prospects for application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianyu Su
- School of Life Science, Ning Xia University, Yinchuan 750000, China; (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (C.M.); (Y.J.)
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10
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Li S, Luo S, Zhao X, Gao S, Shan X, Lu J, Zhou J. Efficient Conversion of Stevioside to Rebaudioside M in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a Engineering Hydrolase System and Prolonging the Growth Cycle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8140-8148. [PMID: 38563232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Rebaudioside (Reb) M is an important sweetener with high sweetness, but its low content in Stevia rebaudiana and low catalytic capacity of the glycosyltransferases in heterologous microorganisms limit its production. In order to improve the catalytic efficiency of the conversion of stevioside to Reb M by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several key issues must be resolved including knocking out endogenous hydrolases, enhancing glycosylation, and extending the enzyme catalytic process. Herein, endogenous glycosyl hydrolase SCW2 was knocked out in S. cerevisiae. The glycosylation process was enhanced by screening glycosyltransferases, and UGT91D2 from S. rebaudiana was identified as the optimum glycosyltransferase. The UDP-glucose supply was enhanced by overexpressing UGP1, and co-expressing UGT91D2 and UGT76G1 achieved efficient conversion of stevioside to Reb M. In order to extend the catalytic process, the silencing information regulator 2 (SIR2) which can prolong the growth cycle of S. cerevisiae was introduced. Finally, combining these modifications produced 12.5 g/L Reb M and the yield reached 77.9% in a 5 L bioreactor with 10.0 g/L stevioside, the highest titer from steviol glycosides to Reb M reported to date. The engineered strain could facilitate the industrial production of Reb M, and the strategies provide references for the production of steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuangshuang Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xingying Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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11
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Zhang X, Chen T, Li Z, Wang X, Bao H, Zhao C, Zhao X, Lu X, Xu G. Fine-Scale Characterization of Plant Diterpene Glycosides Using Energy-Resolved Untargeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:603-612. [PMID: 38391322 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant diterpene glycosides are essential for diverse physiological processes. Comprehensive structural characterization proved to be a challenge due to variations in glycosylation patterns, diverse aglycone structures, and the absence of comprehensive reference databases. In this study, a method for fine-scale characterization was proposed based on energy-resolved (ER) untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics analysis using steviol glycosides as a demonstration. Energy-dependent fragmentation patterns were unveiled by a series of model compounds. Distinct glycosylation sites were discerned by leveraging varying fragmentation energies for the precursor ions. The sugar moiety linkage at C19OOH (R1) exhibited facile and intact cleavage at low collision energies, while the sugar moiety at C13-OH (R2) demonstrated consecutive cleavage with increasing energy. Aglycone ions exhibited a higher relative intensity at NCE 50, with relative intensities ranging from 95% to 100%. Subsequently, aglycone candidates, R1 sugar composition, and R2 sugar sequence were deduced through ER-MS/MS analysis. The developed method was applied to Stevia rebaudiana leaves. A total of 91 diterpene glycosides were unambiguously identified, including 16 steviol glycosides with novel acetylglycosylation patterns. This method offers a rapid alternative for glycan analysis and the structural differentiation of isomers. The developed method enhances the understanding of diterpene glycosides in plants, providing a reliable tool for the in-depth characterization of complex metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqiong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zaifang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Han Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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12
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Guo L, Zhang M, Fei Y, Zhao W. Natural Sweetener, Glycyrrhetinic Acid 3- O-Mono-beta-d-glucuronide, for Postprandial Hyperglycemia Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4747-4756. [PMID: 38335161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the inhibitory effects of a range of sweeteners on α-glucosidase. Our findings revealed that only one natural sweetener, namely, glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-beta-d-glucuronide (GAMG), derived from licorice, exhibited a mixed-type inhibition against α-glucosidase with a IC50 value of 0.73 ± 0.05 mg/mL. The fluorescence intensity of α-glucosidase was quenched by GAMG in the formation of an α-glucosidase-GAMG complex. GAMG has been shown to induce conformational changes in α-glucosidase, likely through hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force, and alkyl-alkyl interactions with amino acid residues, including Arg 281, Leu 283, Trp 376, Asp 404, Asp 443, Trp 481, Asp 518, Phe 525, Ala 555, and Asp 616. Additional animal validation experiments demonstrated that GAMG slowed starch digestion, thereby attenuating the postprandial glycemic response. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that GAMG is a natural sweetener with potent inhibitory activity that selectively targets α-glucosidase. This study supports the use of GAMG as a natural sweetener, which holds a high biological value and may be beneficial for managing postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Mengqing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ying Fei
- Wuxi Langke/Suzhou Langbang Biotechnological Co., Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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13
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Simoni S, Vangelisti A, Clemente C, Usai G, Santin M, Ventimiglia M, Mascagni F, Natali L, Angelini LG, Cavallini A, Tavarini S, Giordani T. Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Insights into the Shared Regulatory Network of Phenolic Compounds and Steviol Glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2136. [PMID: 38396813 PMCID: PMC10889303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a highly valuable crop for the steviol glycoside content in its leaves, which are no-calorie sweeteners hundreds of times more potent than sucrose. The presence of health-promoting phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, in the leaf of S. rebaudiana adds further nutritional value to this crop. Although all these secondary metabolites are highly desirable in S. rebaudiana leaves, the genes regulating the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and the shared gene network between the regulation of biosynthesis of steviol glycosides and phenolic compounds still need to be investigated in this species. To identify putative candidate genes involved in the synergistic regulation of steviol glycosides and phenolic compounds, four genotypes with different contents of these compounds were selected for a pairwise comparison RNA-seq analysis, yielding 1136 differentially expressed genes. Genes that highly correlate with both steviol glycosides and phenolic compound accumulation in the four genotypes of S. rebaudiana were identified using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The presence of UDP-glycosyltransferases 76G1, 76H1, 85C1, and 91A1, and several genes associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway, including peroxidase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, and malonyl-coenzyme A:anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonyltransferase, along with 21 transcription factors like SCL3, WRK11, and MYB111, implied an extensive and synergistic regulatory network involved in enhancing the production of such compounds in S. rebaudiana leaves. In conclusion, this work identified a variety of putative candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of particular steviol glycosides and phenolic compounds that will be useful in gene editing strategies for increasing and steering the production of such compounds in S. rebaudiana as well as in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Simoni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Clarissa Clemente
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Gabriele Usai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Maria Ventimiglia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Flavia Mascagni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Lucia Natali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Luciana G. Angelini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvia Tavarini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy (C.C.); (M.S.); (M.V.); (S.T.)
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14
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Yang L, Yang M, Deng Z, Hou X, Zheng X, Ping Q, Rao Y, Shi J, Zhang Y. Selective synthesis of rebaudioside M2 through structure-guided engineering of glycosyltransferase UGT94D1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1334427. [PMID: 38375456 PMCID: PMC10875103 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1334427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rebaudioside M2 (Reb M2), a novel steviol glycoside derivative, has limited industrial applications due to its low synthetic yield and selectivity. Herein, we identify UGT94D1 as a selective glycosyltransferase for rebaudioside D (Reb D), leading to the production of a mono β-1,6-glycosylated derivative, Reb M2. A variant UGT94D1-F119I/D188P was developed through protein engineering. This mutant exhibited a 6.33-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency, and produced Reb M2 with 92% yield. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that UGT94D1-F119I/D188P exhibited a shorter distance between the nucleophilic oxygen (OH6) of the substrate Reb D and uridine diphosphate glucose, along with an increased Ophosphate-C1-Oacceptor angle, thus improving the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Therefore, this study provides an efficient method for the selective synthesis of Reb M2 and paves the way for its applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengliang Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiangting Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian Ping
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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15
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Yang Y, Zhao L, Wang T, Zheng X, Wu Y. Biological activity and structural modification of isosteviol over the past 15 years. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107074. [PMID: 38176378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Isosteviol is a tetracyclic diterpenoid obtained by hydrolysis of stevioside. Due to its unique molecular skeleton and extensive pharmacological activities, isosteviol has attracted more and more attention from researchers. This review summarized the structural modification, pharmacological activity and microbial transformation of isosteviol from 04/2008 to 10/2023. In addition, the research history, structural characterization, and pharmacokinetics of isosteviol were also briefly reviewed. This review aims to provide useful literature resources and inspirations for the exploration of diterpenoid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Ya Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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16
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Heise NV, Heisig J, Meier K, Csuk R, Mueller T. F16 Hybrids Derived from Steviol or Isosteviol Are Accumulated in the Mitochondria of Tumor Cells and Overcome Drug Resistance. Molecules 2024; 29:381. [PMID: 38257294 PMCID: PMC10821019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Steviol and isosteviol were prepared from the commercially available sweetener stevioside and converted into lipophilic F16 hybrids. Their cytotoxicity was determined in SRB assays and showed to depend on both the substitution pattern of the aromatic substituent as well as on the spacer length. Therefore, compound 25 held an IC50 (A2780) of 180 nM, thus surpassing the activity of comparable rhodamine hybrids. Several of the compounds were also able to overcome drug resistance in the A2780/A2780cis model. Extra staining experiments showed a similar subcellular accumulation pattern of the F16 hybrids as a well-established mitocan, hence proving preferential mitochondrial accumulation but also some other accumulation in other cellular areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels V. Heise
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.V.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Julia Heisig
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.V.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Kristof Meier
- Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.M.); (T.M.)
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes, Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (N.V.H.); (J.H.)
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Hematology/Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Internal Medicine IV, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str. 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.M.); (T.M.)
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17
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Go SR, Lee SJ, Ahn WC, Park KH, Woo EJ. Enhancing the thermostability and activity of glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 via computational design. Commun Chem 2023; 6:265. [PMID: 38057441 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1, derived from Stevia rebaudiana, plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of rebaudioside A, a natural sugar substitute. Nevertheless, its potential for industrial application is limited by certain enzymatic characteristics, notably thermostability. To enhance the thermostability and enzymatic activity, we employed a computational design strategy, merging stabilizing mutation scanning with a Rosetta-based protein design protocol. Compared to UGT76G1, the designed variant 76_4 exhibited a 9 °C increase in apparent Tm, a 2.55-fold increase rebaudioside A production capacity, and a substantial 11% reduction in the undesirable byproduct rebaudioside I. Variant 76_7 also showed a 1.91-fold enhancement rebaudioside A production capacity, which was maintained up to 55 °C, while the wild-type lost most of its activity. These results underscore the efficacy of structure-based design in introducing multiple mutations simultaneously, which significantly improves the enzymatic properties of UGT76G1. This strategy provides a method for the development of efficient, thermostable enzymes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ryeong Go
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Ahn
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Jeon Woo
- Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Williams R, Moazzem MS, Dees J, Hayden M, Traynor M, Cho S. Consumer acceptability of no added sugar pound cakes under blind and informed testing conditions. J Food Sci 2023; 88:4677-4692. [PMID: 37751062 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Stevia is an emerging natural high-intensity sweetener. There are negative perceptions of zero-calorie sweeteners, but studies that provide knowledge of these sweeteners improve their perception. This study evaluated consumer acceptability of a zero-sugar bakery product under blind and informed conditions (n = 96) along with physicochemical analysis of the products. Rebaudioside A (Reb A) and the new types of stevia (Rebs D and M) with sugar as a control were used to formulate pound cakes. Panelists evaluated the overall hedonic impressions (aroma, texture, flavor, and aftertaste) and intensity (sweetness and bitterness) of the cakes under blind and informed conditions with an enforced 2-week break between evaluations. During the informed session, a document was provided prior to evaluating samples that included stevia's health benefits and the nutritional facts panels for the cakes. The cakes underwent volatile profile (electronic nose [e-nose]) and water activity (aw ) analysis. Overall, stevia cakes showed an increase in flavor and texture liking during the informed session when compared to the blind session, but only Reb A showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). The increase in liking scores indicated that information positively affected the consumer's perception of the stevia-sweetened cakes attributes. The e-nose confirmed differences in aroma. There was a significant difference in aw of the samples Rebs A, D, M versus sucrose (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the Rebs (p > 0.05). This study illustrates that stevia, despite non-browning or fermenting, can be used in a practical baking application, and product-related information impacts consumer acceptability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study demonstrates that product-related information may have an impact on the consumer acceptability of the product. Through potential labeling improvements, overall consumer perception and acceptability of zero-sugar added or low-sugar products could be improved. This study also illustrates that stevia, despite being a non-browning or fermenting sugar alternative, can be used in a practical baking application.
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19
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Qu G, Liu Y, Ma Q, Li J, Du G, Liu L, Lv X. Progress and Prospects of Natural Glycoside Sweetener Biosynthesis: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15926-15941. [PMID: 37856872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
To achieve an adequate sense of sweetness with a healthy low-sugar diet, it is necessary to explore and produce sugar alternatives. Recently, glycoside sweeteners and their biosynthetic approaches have attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we first outlined the synthetic pathways of glycoside sweeteners, including the key enzymes and rate-limiting steps. Next, we reviewed the progress in engineered microorganisms producing glycoside sweeteners, including de novo synthesis, whole-cell catalysis synthesis, and in vitro synthesis. The applications of metabolic engineering strategies, such as cofactor engineering and enzyme modification, in the optimization of glycoside sweetener biosynthesis were summarized. Finally, the prospects of combining enzyme engineering and machine learning strategies to enhance the production of glycoside sweeteners were discussed. This review provides a perspective on synthesizing glycoside sweeteners in microbial cells, theoretically guiding the bioproduction of glycoside sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Shandong Jincheng Biological Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qinyuan Ma
- Shandong Jincheng Biological Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Company, Limited, Yixing 214200, P. R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Company, Limited, Yixing 214200, P. R. China
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20
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Chen N, Jin Y, Yang R, Yao H, Kong DX. A chemoinformatic analysis on natural glycosides with respect to biological origin and structural class. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1464-1478. [PMID: 37070562 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 202216.19% of reported natural products (NPs) in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP) are glycosides. As one of the most important NPs' structural modifications, glycosylation can change the NPs' polarity, making the aglycones more amphipathic. However, until now, little is known about the general distribution profile of the natural glycosides in different biological sources or structural types. The reason, structural or species preferences of the natural glycosylation remain unclear. In this highlight, chemoinformatic methods were employed to analyze the natural glycosides from DNP, the most comprehensively annotated NP database. We found that the glycosylation ratios of NPs from plants, bacteria, animals and fungi decrease successively, which are 24.99%, 20.84%, 8.40% and 4.48%, respectively. Echinoderm-derived NPs (56.11%) are the most frequently glycosylated, while those produced by molluscs (1.55%), vertebrates (2.19%) and Rhodophyta (3.00%) are the opposite. Among the diverse structural types, a large proportion of steroids (45.19%), tannins (44.78%) and flavonoids (39.21%) are glycosides, yet aminoacids and peptides (5.16%), alkaloids (5.66%) are comparatively less glycosylated. Even within the same biological source or structural type, their glycosylation rates fluctuate drastically between sub- or cross-categories. The substitute patterns of flavonoid and terpenoid glycosides and the most frequently glycosylated scaffolds were identified. NPs with different glycosylation levels occupy different chemical spaces of physicochemical property and scaffold. These findings could help us to interpret the preference of NPs' glycosylation and investigate how NP glycosylation could aid NP-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Nianhang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Ruofei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Hucheng Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - De-Xin Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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21
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Wang Y, Xu P, Wang W, Jia X, Zhu L, Yin H. Oligosaccharides increased both leaf biomass and steviol glycosides content of Stevia rebaudiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107937. [PMID: 37566994 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides (SGs) are a variety of important natural sweeteners. They are 200-350 times sweeter than sucrose without calories. Currently, their production is still mainly dependent on extraction from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (stevia). Oligosaccharides are environmentally friendly elicitors that promote plant growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites. In the present study, different concentrations of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) and alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) were applied to stevia to explore their effect on growth and SGs biosynthesis. It was found that both COS and AOS promoted biomass production by increasing the leaf number and photosynthetic efficiency, which may be related to the decreased content of abscisic acid. The content of SGs was significantly increased after 50 mg/L AOS treatment, which not only increased the contents of stevioside (STV) and rebaudioside A (Reb A) significantly, but some important minority glucosides, like Reb E, Reb D, and Reb M. The increased SGs contents were the combined effect of the higher expression of SGs biosynthesis related genes, including KAH, UGT74G1, UGT85C2, and UGT91D2. The geometry changes of stem induced by COS and AOS may help to increase the lodging resistance of stevia. Thus, COS and AOS can be used in the field planting of stevia to increase the yield of SGs for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaochen Jia
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Zhucheng Haotian Pharm Co., Ltd, Shandong, 262200, China; Dongtai Hirye Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, 224200, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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22
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Lanier ER, Andersen TB, Hamberger B. Plant terpene specialized metabolism: complex networks or simple linear pathways? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1178-1201. [PMID: 36891828 PMCID: PMC11166267 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
From the perspectives of pathway evolution, discovery and engineering of plant specialized metabolism, the nature of the biosynthetic routes represents a critical aspect. Classical models depict biosynthesis typically from an end-point angle and as linear, for example, connecting central and specialized metabolism. As the number of functionally elucidated routes increased, the enzymatic foundation of complex plant chemistries became increasingly well understood. The perception of linear pathway models has been severely challenged. With a focus on plant terpenoid specialized metabolism, we review here illustrative examples supporting that plants have evolved complex networks driving chemical diversification. The completion of several diterpene, sesquiterpene and monoterpene routes shows complex formation of scaffolds and their subsequent functionalization. These networks show that branch points, including multiple sub-routes, mean that metabolic grids are the rule rather than the exception. This concept presents significant implications for biotechnological production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Molecular Plant Sciences Building, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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23
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Ghorbani A, Ghasemi-Omran VO, Chen M. The Effect of Glycine Betaine on Nitrogen and Polyamine Metabolisms, Expression of Glycoside-Related Biosynthetic Enzymes, and K/Na Balance of Stevia under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1628. [PMID: 37111852 PMCID: PMC10141388 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial role of glycine betaine (GB) in the adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses is well known; therefore, the study of physiological and molecular responses induced by exogenous GB under NaCl stress can provide a suitable reference for the application of this compound to enhance the adaptation of plants to salinity. The present study was conducted under in vitro conditions to evaluate the effect of GB (25 and 50 mM) on the growth, physiological, and molecular traits of Stevia rebaudiana during NaCl toxicity (50 mM). The results showed that applying NaCl treatment increased Na accumulation, induced oxidative stress, and disrupted N metabolism and K/Na homeostasis, which, as a result, decreased the stevia plant's growth and biomass. However, application of GB improved the adaptation of NaCl-stressed plants by improving N metabolism and modulating the metabolism of polyamines. By increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, GB diminished oxidative stress, protected the plasma membrane, and restored photosynthetic pigments under NaCl toxicity. By reducing Na accumulation and increasing K accumulation, GB maintained the K/Na balance and reduced the effects of toxicity caused by the high Na concentration in stevia leaves. GB increased the leaf accumulation of rebaudioside A in NaCl-stressed plants by modulating the expression of genes (KAH, UGT74G1, UGT76G1, and UGT85C2) involved in the sugar compounds of the stevia plants. Our results provide a broad understanding of GB-induced responses in NaCl-stressed plants, which can help increase our knowledge of the role of GB in the defense mechanisms of plants under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Ghorbani
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Vali Ollah Ghasemi-Omran
- Department of Agronomy, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari 68984, Iran
| | - Moxian Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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24
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Judickaitė A, Venckus J, Koga K, Shiratani M, Mildažienė V, Žūkienė R. Cold Plasma-Induced Changes in Stevia rebaudiana Morphometric and Biochemical Parameter Correlations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1585. [PMID: 37111809 PMCID: PMC10145628 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is an economically important source of natural low-calorie sweeteners, steviol glycosides (SGs), with stevioside (Stev) and rebaudioside A (RebA) being the most abundant. Pre-sowing seed treatment with cold plasma (CP) was shown to stimulate SGs biosynthesis/accumulation up to several fold. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility to predict CP-induced biochemical changes in plants from morphometric parameters. Principle component analysis (PCA) was applied to two different sets of data: morphometric parameters versus SGs concentrations and ratio, and morphometric parameters versus other secondary metabolites (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC)) and antioxidant activity (AA). Seeds were treated for 2, 5 and 7 min with CP (CP2, CP5 and CP7 groups) before sowing. CP treatment stimulated SGs production. CP5 induced the highest increase of RebA, Stev and RebA+Stev concentrations (2.5-, 1.6-, and 1.8-fold, respectively). CP did not affect TPC, TFC or AA and had a duration-dependent tendency to decrease leaf dry mass and plant height. The correlation analysis of individual plant traits revealed that at least one morphometric parameter negatively correlates with Stev orRebA+Stev concentration after CP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustė Judickaitė
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas 44248, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Venckus
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas 44248, Lithuania
| | - Kazunori Koga
- Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shiratani
- Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Vida Mildažienė
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas 44248, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Žūkienė
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas 44248, Lithuania
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25
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Coman V, Scurtu VF, Coman C, Clapa D, Iancu ȘD, Leopold N, Leopold LF. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics exposure on in vitro-grown Stevia rebaudiana plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107634. [PMID: 36965317 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) as environmental contaminants have received increased attention in recent years. Numerous studies have suggested possible negative effects of plants exposure to NPs, but more data are needed with various plants under different exposure conditions to clarify the underlying phytotoxicity mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effect of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs; 28.65 nm average diameter) exposure (10, 100 and 250 mg/L) on plant morphology and production of relevant metabolites (steviol glycosides, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and vitamins) of in vitro-grown Stevia rebaudiana plantlets. Additionally, we used dark field microscopy combined with fluorescence hyperspectral imaging for the visualization of internalized PSNPs inside plant tissues. At higher concentrations (>100 mg/L), PSNPs were shown to aggregate in roots and to be transported to leaves, having a significantly negative impact on plant growth (reduced size and biomass), while increasing the production of metabolites compared to controls, most probably because of response to stress. The production of steviol glycosides presented a biphasic dose-response suggestive of hormesis, with the highest values at 10 mg/L PSNPs (1.5-2.2-fold increase compared to controls), followed by a decline in production at higher concentrations (100 and 250 mg/L), but with values comparable to controls. These results are promising for future in vivo studies evaluating the effect of NP exposure on the production of steviol glycosides, the natural sweeteners from stevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Coman
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Life Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Violeta-Florina Scurtu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Coman
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Doina Clapa
- Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ștefania D Iancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 Kogalniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 1 Kogalniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Loredana-Florina Leopold
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Mănăștur, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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26
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Du Z, Peng Z, Yang H, Wu H, Sun J, Huang L. Identification and functional characterization of three cytochrome P450 genes for the abietane diterpenoid biosynthesis in Isodon lophanthoides. PLANTA 2023; 257:90. [PMID: 36991182 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We identify two ferruginol synthases and a 11-hydroxyferruginol synthase from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Isodon lophanthoides and propose their involvement in two independent abietane diterpenoids biosynthetic pathways. Isodon lophanthoides is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb rich in highly oxidized abietane-type diterpenoids. These compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmaceutical activities, yet the biosynthesis is barely known. Here, we describe the screening and functional characterization of P450s that oxidize the abietane skeleton abietatriene. We mainly focused on CYP76 family and identified 12 CYP76AHs by mining the RNA-seq data of I. lophanthoides. Among the 12 CYP76AHs, 6 exhibited similar transcriptional expression features as upstream diterpene synthases, including root or leaf-preferential expression pattern and highly MeJA inducibility. These six P450s were considered as first-tier candidates and functionally characterized in yeast and plant cells. In yeast assays showed that both CYP76AH42 and CYP76AH43 were ferruginol synthases hydroxylating the C12 position of abietatriene, whereas CYP76AH46 was characterized as a 11-hydroxyferruginol synthase which catalyzes two successive oxidations at C12 and C11 of abietatriene. Heterologous expression of three CYP76AHs in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the formation of ferruginol. qPCR analysis showed CYP76AH42 and CYP76AH43 were mainly expressed in the root, which was consistent with the distribution of ferruginol in the root periderms. CYP76AH46 was primarily expressed in the leaves where barely ferruginol or 11-hydroxyferruginol was detected. In addition to distinct organ-specific expression pattern, three CYP76AHs exhibited different genomic structures (w or w/o introns), low protein sequence identities (51-63%) and were placed in separate subclades in the phylogenetic tree. These results suggest that the identified CYP76AHs may be involved in at least two independent abietane biosynthetic pathways in the aerial and underground parts of I. lophanthoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Du
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziqiu Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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27
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Ramezan D, Farrokhzad Y, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Rasouli-Alamuti M. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes interact with light intensity to affect morpho-biochemical, nutrient uptake, DNA damage, and secondary metabolism of Stevia rebaudiana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36915-36927. [PMID: 36550247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction between nanoparticles (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L-1) and light intensity (100, 200, and 400 μmol·m-2·s-1) was evaluated for effectiveness in improving stevia shoot induction by measuring morphological traits, nutrient absorption, total carbohydrates, steviol glycosides (SVglys), and DNA damage in two DNA sequence regions (promoter and sequence of the UGT76G1 gene). MWCNTs at a concentration of 50 mg L-1 in interaction with the light intensity of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 improved the morphological traits and absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and Manganese (Mn), compared to other treatments. Also, under this interaction, the accumulation of total carbohydrates and SVglys was elevated. Moreover, DNA damage in both regions of the DNA sequence under light intensity at low concentrations of MWCNTs (0 and 50 mg L-1) did not show a significant change but increased with increasing MWCNT concentration at high light intensities (200 and 400 μmol·m-2·s-1). These results demonstrate that the advantages and phytotoxicity of MWCNTs in the in vitro culture of stevia are dose-dependent and are affected by light intensity. Based on this, the interaction of 50 mg L-1 of MWCNTs with the light intensity of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 is recommended to improve stevia micropropagation and subsequent growth and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Ramezan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Yusuf Farrokhzad
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rasouli-Alamuti
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Karaj, Iran
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28
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Sirirungruang S, Barnum CR, Tang SN, Shih PM. Plant glycosyltransferases for expanding bioactive glycoside diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2023. [PMID: 36853278 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a successful strategy to alter the pharmacological properties of small molecules, and it has emerged as a unique approach to expand the chemical space of natural products that can be explored in drug discovery. Traditionally, most glycosylation events have been carried out chemically, often requiring many protection and deprotection steps to achieve a target molecule. Enzymatic glycosylation by glycosyltransferases could provide an alternative strategy for producing new glycosides. In particular, the glycosyltransferase family has greatly expanded in plants, representing a rich enzymatic resource to mine and expand the diversity of glycosides with novel bioactive properties. This article highlights previous and prospective uses for plant glycosyltransferases in generating bioactive glycosides and altering their pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasilada Sirirungruang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Collin R Barnum
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sophia N Tang
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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29
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Simlat M, Ptak A, Wójtowicz T, Szewczyk A. The Content of Phenolic Compounds in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Plants Derived from Melatonin and NaCl Treated Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:780. [PMID: 36840128 PMCID: PMC9960086 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stevia is a plant with many beneficial properties. It contains not only steviol glycosides, which are used as non-caloric natural sweeteners, but also a number of metabolites with antioxidant properties. This study examined the content of both phenolic acids and flavonoids in stevia leaves as an effect of treating seeds with melatonin and conducting germination in NaCl conditions. The results of our research indicated higher amounts of phenolic acids compared to flavonoids in stevia leaves. Among these acids, isochlorogenic, rosmarinic, and chlorogenic acids were accumulated in the largest amounts, regardless of the germination conditions. For 5 and 100 µM of melatonin treatments, the content of both phenolic acids and flavonoids increased. However, in salinity conditions (50 mM NaCl), 500 µM of melatonin had the most favorable effect on the synthesis of phenolic acids. The phenolic acids in that case reached a level three-times higher than that in the samples with the same melatonin concentration but without NaCl. We also found that the content of phenolic compounds varied depending on the age of the leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the effect of melatonin and NaCl on the synthesis on phenolic acids and flavonoids in stevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Simlat
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Ptak
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Łobzowska 24, 31-140 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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30
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Seeds of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni as a Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria with the Potential to Synthesize Rebaudioside A. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032174. [PMID: 36768498 PMCID: PMC9917351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new strain of Pantoea vagans, SRS89, was isolated from surface-sterilized stevia seeds. The isolate was evaluated using morphological, molecular, and biochemical methods. The bacterium was 1.5 μm long, yellowish in color, and classified as Gram-negative. Whole genome sequencing of our strain revealed the presence of a 4,610,019 bp chromosome, and genome annotation resulted in the detection of 4283 genes encoding 4204 putative coding sequences. Phylogenic analysis classified the genome of our strain close to the MP7 and LMG 24199 strains of P. vagans. Functional analysis showed that the highest number of genes within the analyzed bacterium genome were involved in transcription, amino acid transport and metabolism, and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. We also identified genes for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids and terpenoids. Furthermore, we showed the presence of growth regulators, with the highest amount noted for gibberellic acid A3, indole-3-acetic acid, and benzoic acid. However, the most promising property of this strain is its ability to synthesize rebaudioside A; the estimated amount quantified using reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC was 4.39 mg/g of the dry weight of the bacteria culture. The isolated endophytic bacterium may be an interesting new approach to the production of this valuable metabolite.
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Multienzyme Synthesis of Glycyrrhetic Acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide by Coupling UGT73F15 to UDP-Glucuronic Acid Regeneration Module. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG), a rare and innovative compound in licorice, exhibits high-potency sweetness and improved physiological activities. However, low amounts of GAMG from plants cannot meet the demands of growing markets. In this study, an efficient one-pot multienzyme cascade reaction for GAMG biosynthesis was constructed using a coupled catalysis of glycosyltransferase and uridine 5′-diphosphate (UDP) glucuronic acid (GlcA) regeneration system. The Glycyrrhiza uralensis glycosyltransferase UGT73F15 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The optimal reaction conditions of UGT73F15 were found to be pH 7.5 and 35 °C. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for glycyrrhetic acid (GA) was 2.14 min−1 mM−1 when using UDP-GlcA as sugar donor. To regenerate costly UDP-GlcA, the one-pot multienzyme cascade reaction including UGT73F15, sucrose synthase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase was adopted to synthesize GAMG from GA on the basis of the UDP-GlcA regeneration system. By optimizing the cascade reaction conditions, the GAMG production successfully achieved 226.38 mg/L. Our study developed an economical and efficient one-pot multienzyme cascade method for facile synthesis of GAMG and other bioactive glucuronosides.
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Yang L, Ping Q, Yuan Z, Jiang J, Guo B, Liu C, Rao Y, Shi J, Zhang Y. Highly efficient synthesis of mono-β-1,6-Glucosylated Rebaudioside A derivative catalyzed by glycosyltransferase YjiC. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108737. [PMID: 36657220 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides have attracted great interest because of their high levels of sweetness and safety, and absence of calories. Improvement of their sensory qualities via glycosylation modification by glycosyltransferase is a research hotspot. In this study, YjiC, a uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis 168, was found with the ability to glycosylate rebaudioside A (Reb A) to produce a novel mono β-1, 6-glycosylated Reb A derivative rebaudioside L2 (Reb L2). It has an improved sweetness compared with Reb A. Next, a cascade reaction was established by combining YjiC with sucrose synthase AtSuSy from Arabidopsis thaliana for scale-up preparation of Reb L2. It shows that Reb L2 (30.94 mg/mL) could be efficiently synthesized with an excellent yield of 91.34% within 12 h. Therefore, this study provides a potential approach for the production and application of new steviol glycoside Reb L2, expanding the scope of steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Qian Ping
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jiejuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Baodang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
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Yang S, Hou X, Deng Z, Yang L, Ping Q, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Improving the thermostability of glycosyltransferase YojK by targeting mutagenesis for highly efficient biosynthesis of rebaudioside D. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pan H, Xiao L, Tang K, Xia H, Li Y, Jia H, Wei P, Yan M. Screening UDP-Glycosyltransferases for Effectively Transforming Stevia Glycosides: Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucosylated Derivatives of Rubusoside. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15178-15188. [PMID: 36424346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Five plant-derived uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that catalyzed the glucosylation of stevia glycosides (SGs) were uncovered as the result of sequence mining considering the catalytic residues and conserved motifs of the known UGTs. Thereinto, LbUGT from Lycium barbarum with high activity toward rubusoside has been enzymatically characterized. The recombinant LbUGT was demonstrated to catalyze the β-1,6-glucosylation at C19 of rubusoside, producing a monoglucosyl derivative 13-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) ester], which was then submitted to a β-1,2-glucosylation by LbUGT, resulting in a diglucosyl derivative 13-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) ester]. The di-glycosylated product of rubusoside showed an obvious increase in sweetness intensity (134 times sweeter than 5% sucrose) and almost eliminated the unpleasant bitter taste. This work will provide a reference for the taste improvement of SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kexin Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haojun Xia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Resilience of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo's Garden ®: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238602. [PMID: 36500693 PMCID: PMC9740529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Nemo's Garden® project is an alternative production system for areas with scarce cultivable land but significant presence of water; thus, it is an interesting intervention to address the climate crisis. This work aimed to evaluate the micromorphological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni grown underwater compared to the terrestrial specimens. The micromorphological analyses, performed on the leaves using light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, evidenced a general uniformity of the trichome morphotype and distribution pattern. The histochemical investigation indicated the simultaneous presence of terpenes and polyphenols in the trichome secreted material from the underwater samples and a prevailing polyphenolic content in the terrestrial specimens; this was also confirmed by biochemical analyses (26.6 mg GAE/g DW). The characterization of non-volatile components, performed using HPLC-MS, showed similar chemical profiles in all the samples, which were characterized by phenolic compounds and steviol glycosides. The volatile compounds, evaluated using HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS, showed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the main class in all the analyzed samples (80.1-93.9%). However, the control plants were characterized by a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (12.1%). The underwater biosphere environment did not alter S. rebaudiana micro-morphological characters, although slight qualitative changes were evidenced for the compounds produced as a response to the growth conditions.
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Ghose AK, Abdullah SNA, Md Hatta MA, Megat Wahab PE. DNA Free CRISPR/DCAS9 Based Transcriptional Activation System for UGT76G1 Gene in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Protoplasts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2393. [PMID: 36145794 PMCID: PMC9501275 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The UDP-glycosyltransferase 76G1 (UGT76G1) is responsible for the conversion of stevioside to rebaudioside A. Four single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed from the UGT76G1 proximal promoter region of stevia by using the online-based tool, benchling. The dCas9 fused with VP64 as a transcriptional activation domain (TAD) was produced and purified for the formation of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) by mixing with the in vitro transcribed sgRNAs. Protoplast yield was the highest from leaf mesophyll of in vitro grown stevia plantlets (3.16 × 106/g of FW) using ES5 (1.25% cellulase R-10 and 0.75% macerozyme R-10). The RNPs were delivered into the isolated protoplasts through the Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection method. The highest endogenous activation of the UGT76G1 gene was detected at 27.51-fold after 24 h of transfection with RNP30 consisting of CRISPR/dCas9-TAD with sgRNA30 and a similar activation level was obtained using RNP18, RNP33, and RNP34, produced using sgRNA18, sgRNA33, and sgRNA34, respectively. Activation of UGT76G1 by RNP18 led to a significant increase in the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme UGT85C2 by 2.37-fold and there was an increasing trend in the expression of UGT85C2 using RNP30, RNP33, and RNP34. Successful application of CRISPR/dCas9-TAD RNP in activating specific genes can avoid the negative integration effects of introduced DNA in the host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Kumar Ghose
- Laboratory of Agronomy and Sustainable Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna 6620, Bangladesh
| | - Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah
- Laboratory of Agronomy and Sustainable Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asyraf Md Hatta
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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37
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Efficient synthesis of rebaudioside D2 through UGT94D1-catalyzed regio-selective glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Wang J, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Jin Y, Ke Y. Separation of minor steviol glycosides using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and off-line two-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography/HILIC methods. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guo B, Hou X, Zhang Y, Deng Z, Ping Q, Fu K, Yuan Z, Rao Y. Highly efficient production of rebaudioside D enabled by structure-guided engineering of bacterial glycosyltransferase YojK. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:985826. [PMID: 36091437 PMCID: PMC9452701 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.985826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to zero-calorie, high-intensity sweetness and good taste profile, the plant-derived sweetener rebaudioside D (Reb D) has attracted great interest to replace sugars. However, low content of Reb D in stevia rebaudiana Bertoni as well as low soluble expression and enzymatic activity of plant-derived glycosyltransferase in Reb D preparation restrict its commercial usage. To address these problems, a novel glycosyltransferase YojK from Bacillus subtilis 168 with the ability to glycosylate Reb A to produce Reb D was identified. Then, structure-guided engineering was performed after solving its crystal structure. A variant YojK-I241T/G327N with 7.35-fold increase of the catalytic activity was obtained, which allowed to produce Reb D on a scale preparation with a great yield of 91.29%. Moreover, based on the results from molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, the improvement of enzymatic activity of YojK-I241T/G327N was ascribed to the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the enzyme and substrate or uridine diphosphate glucose. Therefore, this study provides an engineered bacterial glycosyltransferase YojK-I241T/G327N with high solubility and catalytic efficiency for potential industrial scale-production of Reb D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian Ping
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yijian Rao,
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40
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Sun Y, Chen Z, Wang G, Lv H, Mao Y, Ma K, Wang Y. De novo production of versatile oxidized kaurene diterpenes in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2022; 73:201-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Sweet Taste Signaling: The Core Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158225. [PMID: 35897802 PMCID: PMC9329783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet taste, a proxy for sugar-derived calories, is an important driver of food intake, and animals have evolved robust molecular and cellular machinery for sweet taste signaling. The overconsumption of sugar-derived calories is a major driver of obesity and other metabolic diseases. A fine-grained appreciation of the dynamic regulation of sweet taste signaling mechanisms will be required for designing novel noncaloric sweeteners with better hedonic and metabolic profiles and improved consumer acceptance. Sweet taste receptor cells express at least two signaling pathways, one mediated by a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor encoded by taste 1 receptor members 2 and 3 (TAS1R2 + TAS1R3) genes and another by glucose transporters and the ATP-gated potassium (KATP) channel. Despite these important discoveries, we do not fully understand the mechanisms regulating sweet taste signaling. We will introduce the core components of the above sweet taste signaling pathways and the rationale for having multiple pathways for detecting sweet tastants. We will then highlight the roles of key regulators of the sweet taste signaling pathways, including downstream signal transduction pathway components expressed in sweet taste receptor cells and hormones and other signaling molecules such as leptin and endocannabinoids.
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Yu J, Tao Y, Pan H, Lin L, Sun J, Ma R, Li Y, Jia H. Mutation of Stevia glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 for efficient biotransformation of rebaudioside E into rebaudioside M. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Chen M, Song F, Qin Y, Han S, Rao Y, Liang S, Lin Y. Improving Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of Glycosyltransferase From Panax ginseng by Semi-Rational Design for Rebaudioside D Synthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:884898. [PMID: 35573234 PMCID: PMC9092651 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.884898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural sweetener and sucrose substitute, the biosynthesis and application of steviol glycosides containing the component rebaudioside D have attracted worldwide attention. Here, a glycosyltransferase PgUGT from Panax ginseng was first reported for the biosynthesis of rebaudioside D. With the three-dimensional structures built by homology modeling and deep-learning–based modeling, PgUGT was semi-rationally designed by FireProt. After detecting 16 site-directed variants, eight of them were combined in a mutant Mut8 with both improved enzyme activity and thermostability. The enzyme activity of Mut8 was 3.2-fold higher than that of the wild type, with an increased optimum reaction temperature from 35 to 40°C. The activity of this mutant remained over 93% when incubated at 35°C for 2 h, which was 2.42 times higher than that of the wild type. Meanwhile, when the enzymes were incubated at 40°C, where the wild type was completely inactivated after 1 h, the residual activity of Mut8 retained 59.0% after 2 h. This study would provide a novel glycosyltransferase with great potential for the industrial production of rebaudioside D and other steviol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangwei Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangyan Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuli Liang, ; Ying Lin,
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuli Liang, ; Ying Lin,
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Guo B, Deng Z, Meng F, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Rao Y. Enhancement of Rebaudioside M Production by Structure-Guided Engineering of Glycosyltransferase UGT76G1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5088-5094. [PMID: 35417157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to zero-calorie and advanced organoleptic properties similar to sucrose, the plant-derived rebaudioside M (Reb M) has been considered as a next generation sweetener. However, a low content of Reb M in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and low enzymatic activity of UGT76G1, which is an uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG)-dependent glycosyltransferase with the ability to glycosylate rebaudioside D (Reb D) to produce Reb M through the formation of β-1,3 glycosidic bond, restrict its commercial usage. To improve the catalytic activity of UGT76G1, a variant UGT76G1-T284S/M88L/L200A was obtained by structure-guided evolution, whose catalytic activity toward Reb D increased by 2.38 times compared with UGT76G1-T284S. This allowed us to prepare Reb M on a large-scale with a great yield of 90.50%. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation illustrated that UGT76G1-T284S/M88L/L200A reduced distances from Reb D to catalytic residues and UDPG. Hence, we report an efficient method for the potential scale production of Reb M in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Fei Meng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, P. R. China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Judickaitė A, Lyushkevich V, Filatova I, Mildažienė V, Žūkienė R. The Potential of Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field as Stimulators of Natural Sweeteners Biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050611. [PMID: 35270081 PMCID: PMC8912274 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stevioside (Stev) and rebaudioside A (RebA) are the most abundant steviol glycosides (SGs) responsible for the sweetness of Stevia rabaudiana Bertoni. As compared to Stev, RebA has a higher sweetening potency, better taste and therefore is the most preferred component of the stevia leaf extracts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with abiotic stressors cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) on the amount and ratio of RebA and Stev in the leaves of stevia. Additionally, the effect on total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity was investigated. Seeds were treated 5 and 7 min with cold plasma (CP5 and CP7 groups) and 10 min with electromagnetic field (EMF10 group) six days before sowing. The germination tests in vitro demonstrated that all treatments slightly increased germination rate and percentage. HPLC analysis revealed that CP and EMF had strong stimulating effect on SGs accumulation. All treatments increased RebA concentration approximately 1.6-fold; however, the ratio of RebA/Stev decreased from 8.5 in the control to 1.9, 2.5 and 1.1 in CP5, CP7 and EMF10 groups respectively, since the concentration of Stev increased more than RebA, 7.1, 4.6 and 11.0-fold, respectively, compared to control. However, treatments had opposite effect on total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. We have demonstrated for the first time that short time pre-sowing treatment of stevia seeds with CP and EMF can be a powerful tool for the enhancement of biosynthesis of RebA and Stev, however it can have negative impact on the content of other secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustė Judickaitė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronika Lyushkevich
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Prospekt Nezavisimosti, BY-220072 Minsk, Belarus; (V.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Irina Filatova
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Prospekt Nezavisimosti, BY-220072 Minsk, Belarus; (V.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Vida Mildažienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
| | - Rasa Žūkienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos Str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
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46
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Iatridis N, Kougioumtzi A, Vlataki K, Papadaki S, Magklara A. Anti-Cancer Properties of Stevia rebaudiana; More than a Sweetener. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041362. [PMID: 35209150 PMCID: PMC8874712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub from Paraguay that is nowadays widely cultivated, since it is increasingly being utilized as a sugar substitute in various foodstuffs due to its sweetness and minimal caloric content. These properties of the plant’s derivatives have spurred research on their biological activities revealing a multitude of benefits to human health, including antidiabetic, anticariogenic, antioxidant, hypotensive, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor actions. To our knowledge, no recent reviews have surveyed and reported published work solely on the latter. Consequently, our main objective was to present a concise, literature-based review of the biological actions of stevia derivatives in various tumor types, as studied in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease. With global cancer estimates suggesting a 47% increase in cancer cases by 2040 compared to 2020, the data reviewed in this article should provide a better insight into Stevia rebaudiana and its products as a means of cancer prevention and therapy within the context of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Iatridis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Anastasia Kougioumtzi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
- Biomedical Research Insitute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katerina Vlataki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Styliani Papadaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Angeliki Magklara
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.I.); (A.K.); (K.V.); (S.P.)
- Biomedical Research Insitute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Othibeng K, Nephali L, Myoli A, Buthelezi N, Jonker W, Huyser J, Tugizimana F. Metabolic Circuits in Sap Extracts Reflect the Effects of a Microbial Biostimulant on Maize Metabolism under Drought Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040510. [PMID: 35214843 PMCID: PMC8877938 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of microbial biostimulants in the agricultural sector is increasingly gaining momentum and drawing scientific attention to decode the molecular interactions between the biostimulants and plants. Although these biostimulants have been shown to improve plant health and development, the underlying molecular phenomenology remains enigmatic. Thus, this study is a metabolomics work to unravel metabolic circuits in sap extracts from maize plants treated with a microbial biostimulant, under normal and drought conditions. The biostimulant, which was a consortium of different Bacilli strains, was applied at the planting stage, followed by drought stress application. The maize sap extracts were collected at 5 weeks after emergence, and the extracted metabolites were analyzed on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms. The acquired data were mined using chemometrics and bioinformatics tools. The results showed that under both well-watered and drought stress conditions, the application of the biostimulant led to differential changes in the profiles of amino acids, hormones, TCA intermediates, phenolics, steviol glycosides and oxylipins. These metabolic changes spanned several biological pathways and involved a high correlation of the biochemical as well as structural metabolic relationships that coordinate the maize metabolism. The hypothetical model, postulated from this study, describes metabolic events induced by the microbial biostimulant for growth promotion and enhanced defences. Such understanding of biostimulant-induced changes in maize sap pinpoints to the biochemistry and molecular mechanisms that govern the biostimulant-plant interactions, which contribute to ongoing efforts to generate actionable knowledge of the molecular and physiological mechanisms that define modes of action of biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgalaletso Othibeng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Lerato Nephali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Akhona Myoli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Nombuso Buthelezi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Willem Jonker
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Johannesburg 2021, South Africa; (W.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Johan Huyser
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Johannesburg 2021, South Africa; (W.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Johannesburg 2021, South Africa; (W.J.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-011-559-7784
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Hernández KV, Moreno-Romero J, Hernández de la Torre M, Manríquez CP, Leal DR, Martínez-Garcia JF. Effect of light intensity on steviol glycosides production in leaves of Stevia rebaudiana plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113027. [PMID: 34861537 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts contain stevioside and rebaudioside A, two steviol glycosides (SGs) used as natural sweeteners because of their non-toxic, thermally stable and non-caloric properties. Indeed, leaf extracts can be up to 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Stevioside and rebaudioside A have organoleptic differences, the first one having an undesirable bitterness and the second one a higher sweetener capacity. Selection of the S. rebaudiana varieties and the best environmental conditions that elicit higher SGs content and the appropriate composition is an important goal. In this study we quantified and compared the amount of stevioside and rebaudioside A in two of the most used S. rebaudiana cultivars, Morita II and Criolla. Our results show a strong differential ratio of stevioside and rebaudioside A accumulated in the leaf between these cultivars. The Criolla cultivar showed about 3 times more stevioside per mg of dry weight than Morita II, whereas the Morita II accumulated almost 10 times more rebaudioside A than that produced in Criolla. We observed an enhanced expression in Morita II of three genes (SrKA13H, SrUGT74G1 and SrUGT76G1) known to encode three enzymes that participate in SGs biosynthesis, likely contributing to the differences in the stevioside and rebaudioside A accumulation. Not only genetic variation can affect SGs composition, but also environmental factors and crop management. Numerous studies have shown that the light regime in which S. rebaudiana cultivars grow can affect SGs accumulation. However, the optimal light regime to increase total SGs content is currently controversial. By applying various light intensities, we detected an increase of expression of these three biosynthetic genes at higher light intensity, accompanied by higher levels of stevioside and rebaudioside A, demonstrating that light intensity influences the synthesis of SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vives Hernández
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-Correo 3, Concepción, Chile; Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Moreno-Romero
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martha Hernández de la Torre
- Faculty of Forestry Sciences and Biotechnology Center. Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Pérez Manríquez
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Darcy Ríos Leal
- Faculty of Forestry Sciences and Biotechnology Center. Universidad de Concepción, Victoria 631, Barrio Universitario, Casilla 160-Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime F Martínez-Garcia
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
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Li X, Meng X, de Leeuw TC, Te Poele EM, Pijning T, Dijkhuizen L, Liu W. Enzymatic glucosylation of polyphenols using glucansucrases and branching sucrases of glycoside hydrolase family 70. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34907830 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2016598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols exhibit various beneficial biological activities and represent very promising candidates as active compounds for food industry. However, the low solubility, poor stability and low bioavailability of polyphenols have severely limited their industrial applications. Enzymatic glycosylation is an effective way to improve the physicochemical properties of polyphenols. As efficient transglucosidases, glycoside hydrolase family 70 (GH70) glucansucrases naturally catalyze the synthesis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from sucrose. Notably, GH70 glucansucrases show broad acceptor substrate promiscuity and catalyze the glucosylation of a wide range of non-carbohydrate hydroxyl group-containing molecules, including benzenediol, phenolic acids, flavonoids and steviol glycosides. Branching sucrase enzymes, a newly established subfamily of GH70, are shown to possess a broader acceptor substrate binding pocket that acts efficiently for glucosylation of larger size polyphenols such as flavonoids. Here we present a comprehensive review of glucosylation of polyphenols using GH70 glucansucrase and branching sucrases. Their catalytic efficiency, the regioselectivity of glucosylation and the structure of generated products are described for these reactions. Moreover, enzyme engineering is effective for improving their catalytic efficiency and product specificity. The combined information provides novel insights on the glucosylation of polyphenols by GH70 glucansucrases and branching sucrases, and may promote their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biomolecular X-ray Crystallography, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Catalytic flexibility of rice glycosyltransferase OsUGT91C1 for the production of palatable steviol glycosides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7030. [PMID: 34857750 PMCID: PMC8639739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Steviol glycosides are the intensely sweet components of extracts from Stevia rebaudiana. These molecules comprise an invariant steviol aglycone decorated with variable glycans and could widely serve as a low-calorie sweetener. However, the most desirable steviol glycosides Reb D and Reb M, devoid of unpleasant aftertaste, are naturally produced only in trace amounts due to low levels of specific β (1-2) glucosylation in Stevia. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of OsUGT91C1, a glycosyltransferase from Oryza sativa, which is efficient at catalyzing β (1-2) glucosylation. The enzyme's ability to bind steviol glycoside substrate in three modes underlies its flexibility to catalyze β (1-2) glucosylation in two distinct orientations as well as β (1-6) glucosylation. Guided by the structural insights, we engineer this enzyme to enhance the desirable β (1-2) glucosylation, eliminate β (1-6) glucosylation, and obtain a promising catalyst for the industrial production of naturally rare but palatable steviol glycosides.
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