1
|
Pérot JB, Brouillet E, Flament J. The contribution of preclinical magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy to Huntington's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1306312. [PMID: 38414634 PMCID: PMC10896846 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1306312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is an inherited disorder characterized by psychiatric, cognitive, and motor symptoms due to degeneration of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. A prodromal phase precedes the onset, lasting decades. Current biomarkers include clinical score and striatal atrophy using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These markers lack sensitivity for subtle cellular changes during the prodromal phase. MRI and MR spectroscopy offer different contrasts for assessing metabolic, microstructural, functional, or vascular alterations in the disease. They have been used in patients and mouse models. Mouse models can be of great interest to study a specific mechanism of the degenerative process, allow better understanding of the pathogenesis from the prodromal to the symptomatic phase, and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Mouse models can be divided into three different constructions: transgenic mice expressing exon-1 of human huntingtin (HTT), mice with an artificial chromosome expressing full-length human HTT, and knock-in mouse models with CAG expansion inserted in the murine htt gene. Several studies have used MRI/S to characterized these models. However, the multiplicity of modalities and mouse models available complicates the understanding of this rich corpus. The present review aims at giving an overview of results obtained using MRI/S for each mouse model of HD, to provide a useful resource for the conception of neuroimaging studies using mouse models of HD. Finally, despite difficulties in translating preclinical protocols to clinical applications, many biomarkers identified in preclinical models have already been evaluated in patients. This review also aims to cover this aspect to demonstrate the importance of MRI/S for studying HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Pérot
- Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akyol S, Ashrafi N, Yilmaz A, Turkoglu O, Graham SF. Metabolomics: An Emerging "Omics" Platform for Systems Biology and Its Implications for Huntington Disease Research. Metabolites 2023; 13:1203. [PMID: 38132886 PMCID: PMC10744751 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The precise mechanisms of HD progression are poorly understood; however, it is known that there is an expansion of the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Important new strategies are of paramount importance to identify early biomarkers with predictive value for intervening in disease progression at a stage when cellular dysfunction has not progressed irreversibly. Metabolomics is the study of global metabolite profiles in a system (cell, tissue, or organism) under certain conditions and is becoming an essential tool for the systemic characterization of metabolites to provide a snapshot of the functional and pathophysiological states of an organism and support disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. This review briefly highlights the historical progress of metabolomic methodologies, followed by a more detailed review of the use of metabolomics in HD research to enable a greater understanding of the pathogenesis, its early prediction, and finally the main technical platforms in the field of metabolomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyya Akyol
- NX Prenatal Inc., 4350 Brownsboro Road, Louisville KY 40207, USA;
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
- Metabolomics Division, Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Onur Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
| | - Stewart F. Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
- Metabolomics Division, Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pradhan SS, R SS, Kanikaram SP, V M DD, Pargaonkar A, Dandamudi RB, Sivaramakrishnan V. Metabolic deregulation associated with aging modulates protein aggregation in the yeast model of Huntington's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37732342 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2257322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is associated with increased CAG repeat resulting in an expanded polyglutamine tract in the protein Huntingtin (HTT) leading to its aggregation resulting in neurodegeneration. Previous studies have shown that N-terminal HTT with 46Q aggregated in the stationary phase but not the logarithmic phase in the yeast model of HD. We carried out a metabolomic analysis of logarithmic and stationary phase yeast model of HD expressing different polyQ lengths attached to N-terminal HTT tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The results show significant changes in the metabolic profile and deregulated pathways in stationary phase cells compared to logarithmic phase cells. Comparison of metabolic pathways obtained from logarithmic phase 46Q versus 25Q with those obtained for presymptomatic HD patients from our previous study and drosophila model of HD showed considerable overlap. The arginine biosynthesis pathway emerged as one of the key pathways that is common in stationary phase yeast compared to logarithmic phase and HD patients. Treatment of yeast with arginine led to a significant decrease, while transfer to arginine drop-out media led to a significant increase in the size of protein aggregates in both logarithmic and stationary phase yeast model of HD. Knockout of arginine transporters in the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole led to a significant decrease in mutant HTT aggregation. Overall our results highlight arginine as a critical metabolite that modulates the aggregation of mutant HTT and disease progression in HD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Swaroop R
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Phalguna Kanikaram
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Datta Darshan V M
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Pargaonkar
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang S, Park JH, Lu HC. Axonal energy metabolism, and the effects in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:49. [PMID: 37475056 PMCID: PMC10357692 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human studies consistently identify bioenergetic maladaptations in brains upon aging and neurodegenerative disorders of aging (NDAs), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glucose is the major brain fuel and glucose hypometabolism has been observed in brain regions vulnerable to aging and NDAs. Many neurodegenerative susceptible regions are in the topological central hub of the brain connectome, linked by densely interconnected long-range axons. Axons, key components of the connectome, have high metabolic needs to support neurotransmission and other essential activities. Long-range axons are particularly vulnerable to injury, neurotoxin exposure, protein stress, lysosomal dysfunction, etc. Axonopathy is often an early sign of neurodegeneration. Recent studies ascribe axonal maintenance failures to local bioenergetic dysregulation. With this review, we aim to stimulate research in exploring metabolically oriented neuroprotection strategies to enhance or normalize bioenergetics in NDA models. Here we start by summarizing evidence from human patients and animal models to reveal the correlation between glucose hypometabolism and connectomic disintegration upon aging/NDAs. To encourage mechanistic investigations on how axonal bioenergetic dysregulation occurs during aging/NDAs, we first review the current literature on axonal bioenergetics in distinct axonal subdomains: axon initial segments, myelinated axonal segments, and axonal arbors harboring pre-synaptic boutons. In each subdomain, we focus on the organization, activity-dependent regulation of the bioenergetic system, and external glial support. Second, we review the mechanisms regulating axonal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis, an essential molecule for energy metabolism processes, including NAD+ biosynthetic, recycling, and consuming pathways. Third, we highlight the innate metabolic vulnerability of the brain connectome and discuss its perturbation during aging and NDAs. As axonal bioenergetic deficits are developing into NDAs, especially in asymptomatic phase, they are likely exaggerated further by impaired NAD+ homeostasis, the high energetic cost of neural network hyperactivity, and glial pathology. Future research in interrogating the causal relationship between metabolic vulnerability, axonopathy, amyloid/tau pathology, and cognitive decline will provide fundamental knowledge for developing therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andersen JV, Schousboe A. Glial Glutamine Homeostasis in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1100-1128. [PMID: 36322369 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is an essential cerebral metabolite. Several critical brain processes are directly linked to glutamine, including ammonia homeostasis, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter recycling. Astrocytes synthesize and release large quantities of glutamine, which is taken up by neurons to replenish the glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter pools. Astrocyte glutamine hereby sustains the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, synaptic transmission and general brain function. Cerebral glutamine homeostasis is linked to the metabolic coupling of neurons and astrocytes, and relies on multiple cellular processes, including TCA cycle function, synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter uptake. Dysregulations of processes related to glutamine homeostasis are associated with several neurological diseases and may mediate excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. In particular, diminished astrocyte glutamine synthesis is a common neuropathological component, depriving neurons of an essential metabolic substrate and precursor for neurotransmitter synthesis, hereby leading to synaptic dysfunction. While astrocyte glutamine synthesis is quantitatively dominant in the brain, oligodendrocyte-derived glutamine may serve important functions in white matter structures. In this review, the crucial roles of glial glutamine homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain are discussed. First, we provide an overview of cellular recycling, transport, synthesis and metabolism of glutamine in the brain. These cellular aspects are subsequently discussed in relation to pathological glutamine homeostasis of hepatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further studies on the multifaceted roles of cerebral glutamine will not only increase our understanding of the metabolic collaboration between brain cells, but may also aid to reveal much needed therapeutic targets of several neurological pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pradhan SS, Rao KR, Manjunath M, Saiswaroop R, Patnana DP, Phalguna KS, Choudhary B, Sivaramakrishnan V. Vitamin B 6, B 12 and folate modulate deregulated pathways and protein aggregation in yeast model of Huntington disease. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:96. [PMID: 36852176 PMCID: PMC9958225 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable and progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the basal ganglia of the brain. HD is caused due to expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the protein Huntingtin resulting in aggregates. The increased PolyQ length results in aggregation of protein Huntingtin leading to neuronal cell death. Vitamin B6, B12 and folate are deficient in many neurodegenerative diseases. We performed an integrated analysis of transcriptomic, metabolomic and cofactor-protein network of vitamin B6, B12 and folate was performed. Our results show considerable overlap of pathways modulated by Vitamin B6, B12 and folate with those obtained from transcriptomic and metabolomic data of HD patients and model systems. Further, in yeast model of HD we showed treatment of B6, B12 or folate either alone or in combination showed impaired aggregate formation. Transcriptomic analysis of yeast model treated with B6, B12 and folate showed upregulation of pathways like ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, autophagy, peroxisome, fatty acid, lipid and nitrogen metabolism. Metabolomic analysis of yeast model shows deregulation of pathways like aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, metabolism of various amino acids, nitrogen metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of yeast model showed concordance in the pathways obtained. Knockout of Peroxisomal (PXP1 and PEX7) and Autophagy (ATG5) genes in yeast increased aggregates which is mitigated by vitamin B6, B12 and folate treatment. Taken together our results show a role for Vitamin B6, B12 and folate mediated modulation of pathways important for preventing protein aggregation with potential implications for HD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03525-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - K. Raksha Rao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - Meghana Manjunath
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - R. Saiswaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Durga Prasad Patnana
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Kanikaram Sai Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100 India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maszka P, Kwasniak-Butowska M, Cysewski D, Slawek J, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Metabolomic Footprint of Disrupted Energetics and Amino Acid Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Therapy. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030369. [PMID: 36984809 PMCID: PMC10057046 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is increasing due to the aging population and improved longevity. They are characterized by a range of pathological hallmarks, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to summarize the alterations in brain energy and amino acid metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Based on our findings, we proposed a group of selected metabolites related to disturbed energy or mitochondrial metabolism as potential indicators or predictors of disease. We also discussed the hidden challenges of metabolomics studies in NDs and proposed future directions in this field. We concluded that biochemical parameters of brain energy metabolism disruption (obtained with metabolomics) may have potential application as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of the effectiveness of therapies for NDs. However, more studies are needed to determine the sensitivity of the proposed candidates. We suggested that the most valuable biomarkers for NDs studies could be groups of metabolites combined with other neuroimaging or molecular techniques. To attain clinically applicable results, the integration of metabolomics with other “omic” techniques might be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Maszka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwasniak-Butowska
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Slawek
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Neurology, St. Adalbert Hospital, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou RP, Liang HY, Hu WR, Ding J, Li SF, Chen Y, Zhao YJ, Lu C, Chen FH, Hu W. Modulators of ASIC1a and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101785. [PMID: 36371015 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Age-related diseases have become more common with the advancing age of the worldwide population. Such diseases involve multiple organs, with tissue degeneration and cellular apoptosis. To date, there is a general lack of effective drugs for treatment of most age-related diseases and there is therefore an urgent need to identify novel drug targets for improved treatment. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a degenerin/epithelial sodium channel family member, which is activated in an acidic environment to regulate pathophysiological processes such as acidosis, inflammation, hypoxia, and ischemia. A large body of evidence suggests that ASIC1a plays an important role in the development of age-related diseases (e.g., stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease.). Herein we present: 1) a review of ASIC1a channel properties, distribution, and physiological function; 2) a summary of the pharmacological properties of ASIC1a; 3) and a consideration of ASIC1a as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of age-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Peng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Rong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shu-Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chao Lu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evidences for Mutant Huntingtin Inducing Musculoskeletal and Brain Growth Impairments via Disturbing Testosterone Biosynthesis in Male Huntington Disease Animals. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233779. [PMID: 36497038 PMCID: PMC9737670 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Body weight (BW) loss and reduced body mass index (BMI) are the most common peripheral alterations in Huntington disease (HD) and have been found in HD mutation carriers and HD animal models before the manifestation of neurological symptoms. This suggests that, at least in the early disease stage, these changes could be due to abnormal tissue growth rather than tissue atrophy. Moreover, BW and BMI are reported to be more affected in males than females in HD animal models and patients. Here, we confirmed sex-dependent growth alterations in the BACHD rat model for HD and investigated the associated contributing factors. Our results showed growth abnormalities along with decreased plasma testosterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels only in males. Moreover, we demonstrated correlations between growth parameters, IGF-1, and testosterone. Our analyses further revealed an aberrant transcription of testosterone biosynthesis-related genes in the testes of BACHD rats with undisturbed luteinizing hormone (LH)/cAMP/PKA signaling, which plays a key role in regulating the transcription process of some of these genes. In line with the findings in BACHD rats, analyses in the R6/2 mouse model of HD showed similar results. Our findings support the view that mutant huntingtin may induce abnormal growth in males via the dysregulation of gene transcription in the testis, which in turn can affect testosterone biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pradhan SS, Thota SM, Rajaratnam S, Bhagavatham SKS, Pulukool SK, Rathnakumar S, Phalguna KS, Dandamudi RB, Pargaonkar A, Joseph P, Joshy EV, Sivaramakrishnan V. Integrated multi-omics analysis of Huntington disease identifies pathways that modulate protein aggregation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049492. [PMID: 36052548 PMCID: PMC10655815 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with polyglutamine expansion in the protein huntingtin (HTT). Although the length of the polyglutamine repeat correlates with age at disease onset and severity, psychological, cognitive and behavioral complications point to the existence of disease modifiers. Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic deregulation are both associated with the HD but, despite multi-omics characterization of patients and model systems, their mechanisms have remained elusive. Systems analysis of multi-omics data and its validation by using a yeast model could help to elucidate pathways that modulate protein aggregation. Metabolomics analysis of HD patients and of a yeast model of HD was, therefore, carried out. Our analysis showed a considerable overlap of deregulated metabolic pathways. Further, the multi-omics analysis showed deregulated pathways common in human, mice and yeast model systems, and those that are unique to them. The deregulated pathways include metabolic pathways of various amino acids, glutathione metabolism, longevity, autophagy and mitophagy. The addition of certain metabolites as well as gene knockouts targeting the deregulated metabolic and autophagy pathways in the yeast model system showed that these pathways do modulate protein aggregation. Taken together, our results showed that the modulation of deregulated pathways influences protein aggregation in HD, and has implications for progression and prognosis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai S. Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sai M. Thota
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Saiswaroop Rajaratnam
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sai K. S. Bhagavatham
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sujith K. Pulukool
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sriram Rathnakumar
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Kanikaram S. Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Rajesh B. Dandamudi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515 134, India
| | - Ashish Pargaonkar
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru 560048, India
| | - Prasanth Joseph
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru 560048, India
| | - E. V. Joshy
- Department of Neurology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Whitefield, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sivils A, Yang F, Wang JQ, Chu XP. Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 2: Function and Modulation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020113. [PMID: 35207035 PMCID: PMC8880099 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) have an important influence on human physiology and pathology. They are members of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel family. Four genes encode at least six subunits, which combine to form a variety of homotrimers and heterotrimers. Of these, ASIC1a homotrimers and ASIC1a/2 heterotrimers are most widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Investigations into the function of ASIC1a in the CNS have revealed a wealth of information, culminating in multiple contemporary reviews. The lesser-studied ASIC2 subunits are in need of examination. This review will focus on ASIC2 in health and disease, with discussions of its role in modulating ASIC function, synaptic targeting, cardiovascular responses, and pharmacology, while exploring evidence of its influence in pathologies such as ischemic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraines, drug addiction, etc. This information substantiates the ASIC2 protein as a potential therapeutic target for various neurological, psychological, and cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiang-Ping Chu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-816-235-2248; Fax: +1-816-235-6517
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mango D, Nisticò R. Neurodegenerative Disease: What Potential Therapeutic Role of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:730641. [PMID: 34690702 PMCID: PMC8531221 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.730641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic pH shift occurs in many physiological neuronal activities such as synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity but also represents a characteristic feature of many pathological conditions including inflammation and ischemia. Neuroinflammation is a complex process that occurs in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) represent a widely expressed pH sensor in the brain that play a key role in neuroinflammation. On this basis, acid-sensing ion channel blockers are able to exert neuroprotective effects in different neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted roles of ASICs in brain physiology and pathology and highlight ASIC1a as a potential pharmacological target in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mango
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy.,School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy.,School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Picó S, Parras A, Santos-Galindo M, Pose-Utrilla J, Castro M, Fraga E, Hernández IH, Elorza A, Anta H, Wang N, Martí-Sánchez L, Belloc E, Garcia-Esparcia P, Garrido JJ, Ferrer I, Macías-García D, Mir P, Artuch R, Pérez B, Hernández F, Navarro P, López-Sendón JL, Iglesias T, Yang XW, Méndez R, Lucas JJ. CPEB alteration and aberrant transcriptome-polyadenylation lead to a treatable SLC19A3 deficiency in Huntington's disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe7104. [PMID: 34586830 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe7104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Picó
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Alberto Parras
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - María Santos-Galindo
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Julia Pose-Utrilla
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Margarita Castro
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid 28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid,28029, Spain
| | - Enrique Fraga
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Ivó H Hernández
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología (Unidad Docente Fisiología Animal), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ainara Elorza
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Héctor Anta
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada I+D+i IMIM-IIBB (CSIC), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laura Martí-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid,28029, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Eulàlia Belloc
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Daniel Macías-García
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid,28029, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid 28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid,28029, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada I+D+i IMIM-IIBB (CSIC), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Sendón
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - X William Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raúl Méndez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - José J Lucas
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28031, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Foster VS, Rash LD, King GF, Rank MM. Acid-Sensing Ion Channels: Expression and Function in Resident and Infiltrating Immune Cells in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:738043. [PMID: 34602982 PMCID: PMC8484650 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.738043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral and central immune cells are critical for fighting disease, but they can also play a pivotal role in the onset and/or progression of a variety of neurological conditions that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Tissue acidosis is often present in CNS pathologies such as multiple sclerosis, epileptic seizures, and depression, and local pH is also reduced during periods of ischemia following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. These pathological increases in extracellular acidity can activate a class of proton-gated channels known as acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). ASICs have been primarily studied due to their ubiquitous expression throughout the nervous system, but it is less well recognized that they are also found in various types of immune cells. In this review, we explore what is currently known about the expression of ASICs in both peripheral and CNS-resident immune cells, and how channel activation during pathological tissue acidosis may lead to altered immune cell function that in turn modulates inflammatory pathology in the CNS. We identify gaps in the literature where ASICs and immune cell function has not been characterized, such as neurotrauma. Knowledge of the contribution of ASICs to immune cell function in neuropathology will be critical for determining whether the therapeutic benefits of ASIC inhibition might be due in part to an effect on immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Foster
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lachlan D. Rash
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Glenn F. King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle M. Rank
- Anatomy and Physiology, Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Andersen JV, Markussen KH, Jakobsen E, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS, Rosenberg PA, Aldana BI. Glutamate metabolism and recycling at the excitatory synapse in health and neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108719. [PMID: 34273389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain. Cellular homeostasis of glutamate is of paramount importance for normal brain function and relies on an intricate metabolic collaboration between neurons and astrocytes. Glutamate is extensively recycled between neurons and astrocytes in a process known as the glutamate-glutamine cycle. The recycling of glutamate is closely linked to brain energy metabolism and is essential to sustain glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, a considerable amount of glutamate is also metabolized and serves as a metabolic hub connecting glucose and amino acid metabolism in both neurons and astrocytes. Disruptions in glutamate clearance, leading to neuronal overstimulation and excitotoxicity, have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the link between brain energy homeostasis and glutamate metabolism is gaining attention in several neurological conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the dynamics of synaptic glutamate homeostasis and the underlying metabolic processes with a cellular focus on neurons and astrocytes. In particular, we review the recently discovered role of neuronal glutamate uptake in synaptic glutamate homeostasis and discuss current advances in cellular glutamate metabolism in the context of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Understanding the intricate regulation of glutamate-dependent metabolic processes at the synapse will not only increase our insight into the metabolic mechanisms of glutamate homeostasis, but may reveal new metabolic targets to ameliorate neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kia H Markussen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tomczyk M, Glaser T, Slominska EM, Ulrich H, Smolenski RT. Purine Nucleotides Metabolism and Signaling in Huntington's Disease: Search for a Target for Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126545. [PMID: 34207177 PMCID: PMC8234552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a multi-system disorder that is caused by expanded CAG repeats within the exon-1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene that translate to the polyglutamine stretch in the HTT protein. HTT interacts with the proteins involved in gene transcription, endocytosis, and metabolism. HTT may also directly or indirectly affect purine metabolism and signaling. We aimed to review existing data and discuss the modulation of the purinergic system as a new therapeutic target in HD. Impaired intracellular nucleotide metabolism in the HD affected system (CNS, skeletal muscle and heart) may lead to extracellular accumulation of purine metabolites, its unusual catabolism, and modulation of purinergic signaling. The mechanisms of observed changes might be different in affected systems. Based on collected findings, compounds leading to purine and ATP pool reconstruction as well as purinergic receptor activity modulators, i.e., P2X7 receptor antagonists, may be applied for HD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (T.G.); (H.U.)
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (T.G.); (H.U.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (R.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bertrand M, Decoville M, Meudal H, Birman S, Landon C. Metabolomic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies at Presymptomatic and Symptomatic Stages of Huntington’s Disease on a Drosophila Model. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4034-4045. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marylène Bertrand
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CBM, UPR 4301, CNRS, Rue Charles SADRON, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Martine Decoville
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CBM, UPR 4301, CNRS, Rue Charles SADRON, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- University of Orléans, 6 Avenue du Parc Floral, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Hervé Meudal
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CBM, UPR 4301, CNRS, Rue Charles SADRON, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| | - Serge Birman
- GCRN Team, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Landon
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CBM, UPR 4301, CNRS, Rue Charles SADRON, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vonhof EV, Piotto M, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK, Li JV. Improved Spatial Resolution of Metabolites in Tissue Biopsies Using High-Resolution Magic-Angle-Spinning Slice Localization NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11516-11519. [PMID: 32815363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution magic-angle-spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy (HR-MAS NMR) is a well-established technique for assessing the biochemical composition of intact tissue samples. In this study, we utilized a method based on HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy with slice localization (SLS) to achieve spatial resolution of metabolites. The obtained 7 slice spectra from each of the model samples (i.e., chicken thigh muscle with skin and murine renal biopsy including medulla (M) and cortex (C)) showed distinct metabolite compositions. Furthermore, we analyzed previously acquired 1H HR-MAS NMR spectra of separated cortex and medulla samples using multivariate statistical methods. Concentrations of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) were found to be significantly higher in the renal medulla compared to the cortex. Using GPC as a biomarker, we identified the tissue slices that were predominantly the cortex or medulla. This study demonstrates that HR-MAS SLS combined with multivariate statistics has the potential for identifying tissue heterogeneity and detailed biochemical characterization of complex tissue samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth V Vonhof
- Section of Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martial Piotto
- Bruker Biospin SAS, 34 Rue de l'Industrie, 67160 Wissembourg, France
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - John C Lindon
- Section of Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Jia V Li
- Section of Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu ZL, Mercier P, Eskandari-Sedighi G, Yang J, Westaway D, Sykes BD. Metabolomic study of disease progression in scrapie prion infected mice; validation of a novel method for brain metabolite extraction. Metabolomics 2020; 16:72. [PMID: 32533504 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prion disease is a form of neurodegenerative disease caused by the misfolding and aggregation of cellular prion protein (PrPC). The neurotoxicity of the misfolded form of prion protein, PrPSc still remains understudied. Here we try to investigate this issue using a metabolomics approach. OBJECTIVES The intention was to identify and quantify the small-in-size and water-soluble metabolites extracted from mice brains infected with the Rocky Mountain Laboratory isolate of mouse-adapted scrapie prions (RML) and track changes in these metabolites during disease evolution. METHODS A total of 73 mice were inoculated with RML prions or normal brain homogenate control; brains were harvested at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days post-inoculation (dpi). We devised a high-efficiency metabolite extraction method and used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and quantify 50 metabolites in the brain extracts. Data were analyzed using multivariate approach. RESULTS Brain metabolome profiles of RML infected animals displayed continuous changes throughout the course of disease. Among the analyzed metabolites, the most noteworthy changes included increases in myo-inositol and glutamine as well as decreases in 4-aminobutyrate, acetate, aspartate and taurine. CONCLUSION We report a novel metabolite extraction method for lipid-rich tissue. As all the major metabolites are identifiable and quantifiable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, this study suggests that tracking of neurochemical profiles could be effective in monitoring the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and useful for assessing the efficacy of candidate therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lin Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pascal Mercier
- National High Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre (NANUC), Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ghazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jing Yang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Westaway
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brian D Sykes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hippocampal Metabolite Profiles in Two Rat Models of Autism: NMR-Based Metabolomics Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3089-3105. [PMID: 32468248 PMCID: PMC7320041 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are increasingly being diagnosed. Hypotheses link ASD to genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors. The role of oxidative stress and the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of ASD has been suggested. Rats in which ASD symptoms are induced by valproate (VPA) or thalidomide (THAL) application in utero are useful models in ASD studies. Our study investigated whether rats in ASD models show changes in metabolite levels in the brain consistent with the hypothetical pathomechanisms of ASD. Female rats were fed one dose of 800 mg/kg VPA or 500 mg/kg THAL orally on the 11th day of gestation, and 1-month offspring were used for the experiments. Metabolic profiles from proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hydrophilic and hydrophobic extracts of rat hippocampi were subjected to OPLS-DA statistical analysis. Large differences between both models in the content of several metabolites in the rat hippocampus were noticed. The following metabolic pathways were identified as being disturbed in both ASD models: steroid hormone biosynthesis; fatty acid biosynthesis; the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; glycerophospholipid metabolism; cholesterol metabolism; purine metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation. These results indicate disorders of energy metabolism, altered structure of cell membranes, changes in neurotransmission, and the induction of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Our data, consistent with hypotheses of ASD pathomechanisms, may be useful in future ASD studies, especially for the interpretation of the results of metabolomics analysis of body fluids in rat ASD models.
Collapse
|
21
|
Skotte NH, Andersen JV, Santos A, Aldana BI, Willert CW, Nørremølle A, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen ML. Integrative Characterization of the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease Reveals Dysfunctional Astrocyte Metabolism. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2211-2224. [PMID: 29768217 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, where dysfunction and loss of striatal and cortical neurons are central to the pathogenesis of the disease. Here, we integrated quantitative studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind HD pathology in a systems-wide manner. To this end, we used state-of-the-art mass spectrometry to establish a spatial brain proteome from late-stage R6/2 mice and compared this with wild-type littermates. We observed altered expression of proteins in pathways related to energy metabolism, synapse function, and neurotransmitter homeostasis. To support these findings, metabolic 13C labeling studies confirmed a compromised astrocytic metabolism and regulation of glutamate-GABA-glutamine cycling, resulting in impaired release of glutamine and GABA synthesis. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the role of astrocytes in HD, and our data support that therapeutic strategies to improve astrocytic glutamine homeostasis may help ameliorate symptoms in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels H Skotte
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Santos
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie W Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liang YJ, Wang P, Long DX, Wang HP, Sun YJ, Wu YJ. The progressive alteration of urine metabolomic profiles of rats following long-term and low-dose exposure to permethrin. Biomarkers 2019; 25:94-99. [PMID: 31762333 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1697755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Permethrin is a type of widely used pyrethroid pesticide. Although acute toxicity of permethrin has been well-characterised, the non-acute toxicity of permethrin upon long-term exposure at low dose has been seldom studied yet. The current study investigates the time-course change of the metabolomic profiles of urine following the low level long-term exposure of permethrin and identified biomarkers of the chronic toxicity of permethrin.Methods: Male Wistar rats were administrated orally with permethrin (75 mg/kg body weight/day, 1/20 LD50) daily for consecutive 90 days. The urine samples from day 30, day 60, and day 90 after the first dosing were collected and analysed by 1H NMR spectrometry. Serum biochemical analysis was also carried out.Results: Permethrin caused significant changes in the urine metabolites such as taurine, creatinine, acetate, lactate, dimethylamine, dimethylglycine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide. These biological markers indicated prominent kidney and liver toxicity induced by permethrin. However, there was no change in serum biochemical parameters for the toxicity, indicating that metabolomic approach was much more sensitive in detecting the chronic toxicity.Conclusion: The time-course alteration of metabolomic profiles of the urine based on 1H NMR reflects the progressive development of the chronic toxicity with the long-term low-level exposure of permethrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China.,Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ding-Xin Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liang YJ, Wang P, Wang HP, Long DX, Sun YJ, Wu YJ. Time-Course Changes in Urine Metabolic Profiles of Rats Following 90-Day Exposure to Propoxur. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16989. [PMID: 31740703 PMCID: PMC6861282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major kind of carbamate insecticide, propoxur plays an important role in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and public health. The acute toxicity of propoxur is mainly neurotoxicity due to the inhibition of cholinesterase. However, little is known regarding the toxicity of propoxur upon long-term exposure at low dose. In this study, Wistar rats were orally administrated with low dose (4.25 mg/kg body weight/day) for consecutive 90 days. And the urine samples in rats treated with propoxur for 30, 60, and 90 days were collected and analyzed by employing 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. We found that propoxur caused significant changes in the urine metabolites, including taurine, creatinine, citrate, succinate, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide. And the alteration of the metabolites was getting more difference compared with that of the control as the exposure time extending. The present study not only indicated that the changed metabolites could be used as biomarkers of propoxur-induced toxicity but also suggested that the time-course alteration of the urine metabolomic profiles could reflect the progressive development of the toxicity following propoxur exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Xin Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China.
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxilu Road, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Andersen JV, Skotte NH, Aldana BI, Nørremølle A, Waagepetersen HS. Enhanced cerebral branched-chain amino acid metabolism in R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2449-2461. [PMID: 30830240 PMCID: PMC11105563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary and fatal disease causing profound neurodegeneration. Deficits in cerebral energy and neurotransmitter metabolism have been suggested to play a central role in the neuronal dysfunction and death associated with HD. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are important for cerebral nitrogen homeostasis, neurotransmitter recycling and can be utilized as energy substrates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Reduced levels of BCAAs in HD have been validated by several reports. However, it is still unknown how cerebral BCAA metabolism is regulated in HD. Here we investigate the metabolism of leucine and isoleucine in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Acutely isolated cerebral cortical and striatal slices of control and R6/2 mice were incubated in media containing 15N- or 13C-labeled leucine or isoleucine and slice extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine isotopic enrichment of derived metabolites. Elevated BCAA transamination was found from incubations with [15N]leucine and [15N]isoleucine, in both cerebral cortical and striatal slices of R6/2 mice compared to controls. Metabolism of [U-13C]leucine and [U-13C]isoleucine, entering oxidative metabolism as acetyl CoA, was maintained in R6/2 mice. However, metabolism of [U-13C]isoleucine, entering the TCA cycle as succinyl CoA, was elevated in both cerebral cortical and striatal slices of R6/2 mice, suggesting enhanced metabolic flux via this anaplerotic pathway. To support the metabolic studies, expression of enzymes in the BCAA metabolic pathway was assessed from a proteomic resource. Several enzymes related to BCAA metabolism were found to exhibit augmented expression in the R6/2 brain, particularly related to isoleucine metabolism, suggesting an increase in the BCAA metabolic machinery. Our results show that the capacity for cerebral BCAA metabolism, predominantly of isoleucine, is amplified in the R6/2 brain and indicates that perturbations in cerebral BCAA homeostasis could have functional consequences for HD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H Skotte
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Metabolism and metabolomics of opiates: A long way of forensic implications to unravel. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 61:128-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
This review systematically examines the evidence for shifts in flux through energy generating biochemical pathways in Huntington’s disease (HD) brains from humans and model systems. Compromise of the electron transport chain (ETC) appears not to be the primary or earliest metabolic change in HD pathogenesis. Rather, compromise of glucose uptake facilitates glucose flux through glycolysis and may possibly decrease flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), limiting subsequent NADPH and GSH production needed for antioxidant protection. As a result, oxidative damage to key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes further restricts energy production so that while basal needs may be met through oxidative phosphorylation, those of excessive stimulation cannot. Energy production may also be compromised by deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics or trafficking. Restrictions on energy production may be compensated for by glutamate oxidation and/or stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Transcriptional dysregulation generated by mutant huntingtin also contributes to energetic disruption at specific enzymatic steps. Many of the alterations in metabolic substrates and enzymes may derive from normal regulatory feedback mechanisms and appear oscillatory. Fine temporal sequencing of the shifts in metabolic flux and transcriptional and expression changes associated with mutant huntingtin expression remain largely unexplored and may be model dependent. Differences in disease progression among HD model systems at the time of experimentation and their varying states of metabolic compensation may explain conflicting reports in the literature. Progressive shifts in metabolic flux represent homeostatic compensatory mechanisms that maintain the model organism through presymptomatic and symptomatic stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Steventon JJ, Collett J, Furby H, Hamana K, Foster C, O'Callaghan P, Dennis A, Armstrong R, Németh AH, Rosser AE, Murphy K, Quinn L, Busse M, Dawes H. Alterations in the metabolic and cardiorespiratory response to exercise in Huntington's Disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 54:56-61. [PMID: 29705557 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data suggests that an altered metabolic and cardiorespiratory exercise response may affect exercise performance in individuals with Huntington's disease (HD). There is no clear exploration of the response in individuals at different stages of the disease or in relation to genetic markers. This study aimed to examine the exercise response and recovery of HD participants, and the relationship to genetic and clinical markers. METHOD HD gene-positive participants (n = 31; 9 pre-manifest; 22 manifest HD) and a healthy control group (n = 29) performed an incremental exercise test until exhaustion. Performance, cardiorespiratory, metabolic and perceptual responses to exercise were determined from a maximal cycle ergometer test throughout the exercise test and during a recovery period. RESULTS During sub-maximal exercise, metabolic (lactate levels, oxygen uptake) and cardiorespiratory markers (heart rate) were elevated in HD participants compared to controls. Lactate elevation was specific to pre-manifest HD participants. Work capacity was reduced in both pre-manifest and manifest HD participants with tests terminated with no difference in metabolic, perceptual or cardiorespiratory markers. Submaximal oxygen uptake was correlated with motor score, whilst peak measures were unrelated to genetic or clinical markers. Heart rate recovery was attenuated in pre-manifest and manifest HD participants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm metabolic and cardiorespiratory deficits reduce exercise performance and affect recovery from an early stage in HD, with submaximal deficits related to phenotypic expression. Exercise capacity appears to be limited by an altered movement economy, thus clinicians should consider an altered exercise response and recovery may affect prescription in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Steventon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, UK; NMHRI, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK; CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.
| | - J Collett
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Sciences, OxINMAHR, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - H Furby
- NMHRI, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK; CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - K Hamana
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - C Foster
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - P O'Callaghan
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Dennis
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - R Armstrong
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A H Németh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A E Rosser
- IPMCN, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - K Murphy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, UK; CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
| | - L Quinn
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA
| | - M Busse
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, UK
| | - H Dawes
- Centre for Movement, Occupation and Rehabilitation Sciences, OxINMAHR, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Carmo C, Naia L, Lopes C, Rego AC. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Huntington’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1049:59-83. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71779-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
29
|
Sawiak SJ, Wood NI, Morton AJ. Similar Progression of Morphological and Metabolic Phenotype in R6/2 Mice with Different CAG Repeats Revealed by In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. J Huntingtons Dis 2017; 5:271-283. [PMID: 27662335 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-160208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an unstable polyglutamine (CAG) repeat in the HD gene, whereby a CAG repeat length greater than ∼36 leads to the disease. In HD patients, longer repeats correlate with more severe disease and earlier death. This is also seen in R6/2 mice carrying repeat lengths up to ∼200. Paradoxically, R6/2 mice with repeat lengths >300 have a less aggressive phenotype and longer lifespan than those with shorter repeats. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the consequences of longer repeat lengths on structural changes in the brains of R6/2 mice, especially with regard to progressive atrophy. METHODS We used longitudinal in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) to compare pathological changes in two strains of R6/2 mice, one with a rapidly progressing disease (250 CAG repeats), and the other with a less aggressive phenotype (350 CAG repeats). RESULTS We found significant progressive brain atrophy in both 250 and 350 CAG repeat mice, as well as changes in metabolites (glutamine/glutamate, choline and aspartate). Although similar in magnitude, atrophy in the brains of 350 CAG R6/2 mice progressed more slowly than that seen in 250 CAG mice, in line with the milder phenotype and longer lifespan. Interestingly, significant atrophy was detectable in 350 CAG mice as early as 8-12 weeks of age, although behavioural abnormalities in these mice are not apparent before 25-30 weeks. This finding fits well with human data from the PREDICT-HD and TRACK-HD project, where reductions in brain volume were found 10 years in advance of the onset of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The similar brain atrophy with a mismatch between onset of brain atrophy and behavioural phenotype in HD mice with 350 repeats will make this mouse particularly useful for modelling early stages of HD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Sawiak
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 65 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nigel I Wood
- Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Jennifer Morton
- Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yhnell E, Dunnett SB, Brooks SP. A Longitudinal Motor Characterisation of the HdhQ111 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2017; 5:149-61. [PMID: 27258586 PMCID: PMC4942729 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare, incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion with the first exon of the huntingtin gene. Numerous knock-in mouse models are currently available for modelling HD. However, before their use in scientific research, these models must be characterised to determine their face and predictive validity as models of the disease and their reliability in recapitulating HD symptoms. Objective: Manifest HD is currently diagnosed upon the onset of motor symptoms, thus we sought to longitudinally characterise the progression and severity of motor signs in the HdhQ111 knock-in mouse model of HD, in heterozygous mice. Methods: An extensive battery of motor tests including: rotarod, inverted lid test, balance beam, spontaneous locomotor activity and gait analysis were applied longitudinally to a cohort of HdhQ111 heterozygous mice in order to progressively assess motor function. Results: A progressive failure to gain body weight was demonstrated from 11 months of age and motor problems in all measures of balance beam performance were shown in HdhQ111 heterozygous animals in comparison to wild type control animals from 9 months of age. A decreased latency to fall from the rotarod was demonstrated in HdhQ111 heterozygous animals in comparison to wild type animals, although this was not progressive with time. No genotype specific differences were demonstrated in any of the other motor tests included in the test battery. Conclusions: The HdhQ111 heterozygous mouse demonstrates a subtle and progressive motor phenotype that begins at 9 months of age. This mouse model represents an early disease stage and would be ideal for testing therapeutic strategies that require elongated lead-in times, such as viral gene therapies or striatal transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Yhnell
- Correspondence to: Emma Yhnell, The Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir
Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK. Tel.: +44 0 2920 874112; Fax: +44 0 2920 876749; E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Singh V, Sharma RK, Athilingam T, Sinha P, Sinha N, Thakur AK. NMR Spectroscopy-based Metabolomics of Drosophila Model of Huntington's Disease Suggests Altered Cell Energetics. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3863-3872. [PMID: 28871787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder induced by aggregation of the pathological form of Huntingtin protein that has expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats. In the Drosophila model, for instance, expression of transgenes with polyQ repeats induces HD-like pathologies, progressively correlating with the increasing lengths of these repeats. Previous studies on both animal models and clinical samples have revealed metabolite imbalances during HD progression. To further explore the physiological processes linked to metabolite imbalances during HD, we have investigated the 1D 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics profile of Drosophila HD model. Using multivariate analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) of metabolites obtained from methanolic extracts of fly heads displaying retinal deformations due to polyQ overexpression, we show that the metabolite imbalance during HD is likely to affect cell energetics. Six out of the 35 metabolites analyzed, namely, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), lactate, pyruvate, succinate, sarcosine, and acetoin, displayed segregation with progressive severity of HD. Specifically, HD progression was seen to be associated with reduction in NAD and increase in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. Furthermore, comparative analysis of fly HD metabolome with those of mouse HD model and HD human patients revealed comparable metabolite imbalances, suggesting altered cellular energy homeostasis. These findings thus raise the possibility of therapeutic interventions for HD via modulation of cellular energetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virender Singh
- Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus , Lucknow 226014, India
| | | | - Pradip Sinha
- Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus , Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Valdeolivas S, Sagredo O, Delgado M, Pozo MA, Fernández-Ruiz J. Effects of a Sativex-Like Combination of Phytocannabinoids on Disease Progression in R6/2 Mice, an Experimental Model of Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040684. [PMID: 28333097 PMCID: PMC5412270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cannabinoids afforded neuroprotection in experimental models of Huntington’s disease (HD). We investigated whether a 1:1 combination of botanical extracts enriched in either ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), which are the main constituents of the cannabis-based medicine Sativex®, is beneficial in R6/2 mice (a transgenic model of HD), as it was previously shown to have positive effects in neurotoxin-based models of HD. We recorded the progression of neurological deficits and the extent of striatal deterioration, using behavioral, in vivo imaging, and biochemical methods in R6/2 mice and their corresponding wild-type mice. The mice were daily treated, starting at 4 weeks after birth, with a Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids (equivalent to 3 mg/kg weight of pure CBD + ∆9-THC) or vehicle. R6/2 mice exhibited the characteristic deterioration in rotarod performance that initiated at 6 weeks and progressed up to 10 weeks, and elevated clasping behavior reflecting dystonia. Treatment with the Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids did not recover rotarod performance, but markedly attenuated clasping behavior. The in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) analysis of R6/2 animals at 10 weeks revealed a reduced metabolic activity in the basal ganglia, which was partially attenuated by treatment with the Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H+-MRS) analysis of the ex vivo striatum of R6/2 mice at 12 weeks revealed changes in various prognostic markers reflecting events typically found in HD patients and animal models, such as energy failure, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Some of these changes (taurine/creatine, taurine/N-acetylaspartate, and N-acetylaspartate/choline ratios) were completely reversed by treatment with the Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids. A Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids administered to R6/2 mice at the onset of motor symptoms produced certain benefits on the progression of striatal deterioration in these mice, which supports the interest of this cannabinoid-based medicine for the treatment of disease progression in HD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valdeolivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Onintza Sagredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Delgado
- Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Pozo
- Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
McKay J, Tkáč I. Quantitative in vivo neurochemical profiling in humans: where are we now? Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1339-1350. [PMID: 27794521 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biofluids has become one of the key techniques for metabolic profiling and phenotyping. This technique has been widely used in a number of epidemiological studies and in a variety of health disorders. However, its utilization in brain disorders is limited due to the blood-brain barrier, which not only protects the brain from unwanted substances in the blood, but also substantially limits the potential of finding biomarkers for neurological disorders in serum. This review article focuses on the potential of localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for non-invasive neurochemical profiling in the human brain. First, methodological aspects of 1H-MRS (data acquisition, processing and metabolite quantification) that are essential for reliable non-invasive neurochemical profiling are described. Second, the power of 1H-MRS-based neurochemical profiling is demonstrated using some examples of its application in neuroscience and neurology. Finally, the authors present their vision and propose necessary steps to establish 1H-MRS as a method suitable for large-scale neurochemical profiling in epidemiological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McKay
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ivan Tkáč
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kobal J, Cankar K, Pretnar J, Zaletel M, Kobal L, Teran N, Melik Z. Functional impairment of precerebral arteries in Huntington disease. J Neurol Sci 2016; 372:363-368. [PMID: 27817854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular pathology of Huntington disease (HD) appears to be complex; while microvascular dysfunction seems to appear early, deaths from cardiomyopathy and stroke might occur in the late phase of HD. METHODS Our study evaluated global risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), structure and function of precerebral arteries in 41 HD subjects and 41 matched controls. HD subjects were divided into groups by the United Huntington disease rating scale (presymptomatic-PHD, early-EHD, midstage-MHD and late-LHD). CHD risk factors assessment and Doppler examination of precerebral arteries were performed, including measurements of the carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), and parameters indicating local carotid artery distensibility (stiffness index β, pulse wave velocity, pressure strain elasticity module and carotid artery compliance). RESULTS In the HD and controls we identified a comparable number of non-obstructive plaques (<50% lumen narrowing). No obstructive plaques (>50% lumen narrowing) were found. There was significantly increased IMT in MHD. In PHD and EHD the parameters of arterial stiffness were significantly higher and the carotid artery compliance was significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal functional vascular pathology in PHD, EHD, and MHD. Precerebral arteries dysfunction in HD therefore appears to be mostly functional and in agreement with recently described autonomic nervous system changes in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kobal
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Division of Neurology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ksenija Cankar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Pretnar
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Division of Neurology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Zaletel
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Division of Neurology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lucijan Kobal
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Teran
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ziva Melik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Patassini S, Begley P, Xu J, Church SJ, Reid SJ, Kim EH, Curtis MA, Dragunow M, Waldvogel HJ, Snell RG, Unwin RD, Faull RLM, Cooper GJS. Metabolite mapping reveals severe widespread perturbation of multiple metabolic processes in Huntington's disease human brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1862:1650-62. [PMID: 27267344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetically-mediated neurodegenerative disorder wherein the aetiological defect is a mutation in the Huntington's gene (HTT), which alters the structure of the huntingtin protein (Htt) through lengthening of its polyglutamine tract, thus initiating a cascade that ultimately leads to premature death. However, neurodegeneration typically manifests in HD only in middle age, and mechanisms linking the causative mutation to brain disease are poorly understood. Brain metabolism is severely perturbed in HD, and some studies have indicated a potential role for mutant Htt as a driver of these metabolic aberrations. Here, our objective was to determine the effects of HD on brain metabolism by measuring levels of polar metabolites in regions known to undergo varying degrees of damage. We performed gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analyses in a case-control study of eleven brain regions in short post-mortem-delay human tissue from nine well-characterized HD patients and nine matched controls. In each patient, we measured metabolite content in representative tissue-samples from eleven brain regions that display varying degrees of damage in HD, thus identifying the presence and abundance of 63 different metabolites from several molecular classes, including carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleosides, and neurotransmitters. Robust alterations in regional brain-metabolite abundances were observed in HD patients: these included changes in levels of small molecules that play important roles as intermediates in the tricarboxylic-acid and urea cycles, and amino-acid metabolism. Our findings point to widespread disruption of brain metabolism and indicate a complex phenotype beyond the gradient of neuropathologic damage observed in HD brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Patassini
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Paul Begley
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jingshu Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne J Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric H Kim
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell G Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Metabolic signatures of Huntington's disease (HD): 1 H NMR analysis of the polar metabolome in post-mortem human brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1675-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
37
|
Naia L, Ribeiro M, Rodrigues J, Duarte AI, Lopes C, Rosenstock TR, Hayden MR, Rego AC. Insulin and IGF-1 regularize energy metabolites in neural cells expressing full-length mutant huntingtin. Neuropeptides 2016; 58:73-81. [PMID: 26876526 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder linked to the expression of mutant huntingtin. Bioenergetic dysfunction has been described to contribute to HD pathogenesis. Thus, treatment paradigms aimed to ameliorate energy deficits appear to be suitable candidates in HD. In previous studies, we observed protective effects of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in YAC128 and R6/2 mice, two HD mouse models, whereas IGF-1 and/or insulin halted mitochondrial-driven oxidative stress in mutant striatal cells and mitochondrial dysfunction in HD human lymphoblasts. Here, we analyzed the effect of IGF-1 versus insulin on energy metabolic parameters using striatal cells derived from HD knock-in mice and primary cortical cultures from YAC128 mice. STHdh(Q111/Q111) cells exhibited decreased ATP/ADP ratio and increased phosphocreatine levels. Moreover, pyruvate levels were increased in mutant cells, most probably in consequence of a decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) protein expression and increased PDH phosphorylation, reflecting its inactivation. Insulin and IGF-1 treatment significantly decreased phosphocreatine levels, whereas IGF-1 only decreased pyruvate levels in mutant cells. In a different scenario, primary cortical cultures derived from YAC128 mice also displayed energetic abnormalities. We observed a decrease in both ATP/ADP and phosphocreatine levels, which were prevented following exposure to insulin or IGF-1. Furthermore, decreased lactate levels in YAC128 cultures occurred concomitantly with a decline in lactate dehydrogenase activity, which was ameliorated with both insulin and IGF-1. These data demonstrate differential HD-associated metabolic dysfunction in striatal cell lines and primary cortical cultures, both of which being alleviated by insulin and IGF-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Naia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Márcio Ribeiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Ana I Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Polo II, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Polo II, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tatiana R Rosenstock
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Polo II, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gonzalez-Riano C, Garcia A, Barbas C. Metabolomics studies in brain tissue: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:141-168. [PMID: 27451335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain is still an organ with a composition to be discovered but beyond that, mental disorders and especially all diseases that curse with dementia are devastating for the patient, the family and the society. Metabolomics can offer an alternative tool for unveiling new insights in the discovery of new treatments and biomarkers of mental disorders. Until now, most of metabolomic studies have been based on biofluids: serum/plasma or urine, because brain tissue accessibility is limited to animal models or post mortem studies, but even so it is crucial for understanding the pathological processes. Metabolomics studies of brain tissue imply several challenges due to sample extraction, along with brain heterogeneity, sample storage, and sample treatment for a wide coverage of metabolites with a wide range of concentrations of many lipophilic and some polar compounds. In this review, the current analytical practices for target and non-targeted metabolomics are described and discussed with emphasis on critical aspects: sample treatment (quenching, homogenization, filtration, centrifugation and extraction), analytical methods, as well as findings considering the used strategies. Besides that, the altered analytes in the different brain regions have been associated with their corresponding pathways to obtain a global overview of their dysregulation, trying to establish the link between altered biological pathways and pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Garcia
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte 28668, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sorolla MA, Rodríguez-Colman MJ, Vall-Llaura N, Vived C, Fernández-Nogales M, Lucas JJ, Ferrer I, Cabiscol E. Impaired PLP-dependent metabolism in brain samples from Huntington disease patients and transgenic R6/1 mice. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:579-86. [PMID: 26666246 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been described as important to Huntington disease (HD) progression. In a previous HD study, we identified several carbonylated proteins, including pyridoxal kinase and antiquitin, both of which are involved in the metabolism of pyridoxal 5´-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6. In the present study, pyridoxal kinase levels were quantified and showed to be decreased both in HD patients and a R6/1 mouse model, compared to control samples. A metabolomic analysis was used to analyze metabolites in brain samples of HD patients and R6/1 mice, compared to control samples using mass spectrometry. This technique allowed detection of increased concentrations of pyridoxal, the substrate of pyridoxal kinase. In addition, PLP, the product of the reaction, was decreased in striatum from R6/1 mice. Furthermore, glutamate and cystathionine, both substrates of PLP-dependent enzymes were increased in HD. This reinforces the hypothesis that PLP synthesis is impaired, and could explain some alterations observed in the disease. Together, these results identify PLP as a potential therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alba Sorolla
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - María José Rodríguez-Colman
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Vall-Llaura
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Celia Vived
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Nogales
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patològica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Cabiscol
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Graham SF, Kumar P, Bahado-Singh RO, Robinson A, Mann D, Green BD. Novel Metabolite Biomarkers of Huntington's Disease As Detected by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1592-601. [PMID: 27018767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 3-10 people per 100 000 in the Western world. The median age of onset is 40 years, with death typically following 15-20 years later. In this study, we biochemically profiled post-mortem frontal lobe and striatum from HD sufferers (n = 14) and compared their profiles with controls (n = 14). LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS detected a total of 5579 and 5880 features for frontal lobe and striatum, respectively. An ROC curve combining two spectral features from frontal lobe had an AUC value of 0.916 (0.794 to 1.000) and following statistical cross-validation had an 83% predictive accuracy for HD. Similarly, two striatum biomarkers gave an ROC AUC of 0.935 (0.806 to 1.000) and after statistical cross-validation predicted HD with 91.8% accuracy. A range of metabolite disturbances were evident including but-2-enoic acid and uric acid, which were altered in both frontal lobe and striatum. A total of seven biochemical pathways (three in frontal lobe and four in striatum) were significantly altered as a result of HD. This study highlights the utility of high-resolution metabolomics for the study of HD. Further characterization of the brain metabolome could lead to the identification of new biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stewart F Graham
- Beaumont Health System, Beaumont Research Institute , 3811 West 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073, United States
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Beaumont Health System, Beaumont Research Institute , 3811 West 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073, United States
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Beaumont Health System, Beaumont Research Institute , 3811 West 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073, United States
| | - Andrew Robinson
- Institute of Brain Behavior and Mental Health, University of Manchester , Salford M6 8HD, United Kingdom
| | - David Mann
- Institute of Brain Behavior and Mental Health, University of Manchester , Salford M6 8HD, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D Green
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast BT9 5BN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Scano P, Rosa A, Incani A, Maestrale C, Santucciu C, Perra D, Vascellari S, Pani A, Ligios C. (1)H NMR brain metabonomics of scrapie exposed sheep. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:2008-16. [PMID: 25959287 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While neurochemical metabolite modifications, determined by different techniques, have been diffusely reported in human and mice brains affected by transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), this aspect has been little studied in the natural animal hosts with the same pathological conditions so far. Herein, we investigated, by high resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical data analysis, the brain metabolite profile of sheep exposed to a scrapie agent in a naturally affected flock. On the basis of clinical examinations and western blotting analysis for the pathological prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in brain tissues, sheep were catalogued as not infected (H), infected with clinical signs (S), and infected without clinical signs (A). By discriminant analysis of spectral data, comparing S vs. H, we found a different metabolite distribution, with inosine, cytosine, creatine, and lactate being higher in S than in H brains, while the branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), phenylalanine, uracil, tyrosine, gamma-amino butyric acid, total aspartate (aspartate + N-acetyl aspartate) being lower in S. By a soft independent modelling of class analogy approach, 1 out of 3 A samples was assigned to class H. Furthermore, A brains were found to be higher in choline and choline-containing compounds. By means of partial least squares regression, an excellent correlation was found between the PrP(Sc) amount and the (1)H NMR metabolite profile of infected (S and A) sheep, and the metabolite mostly correlated with PrP(Sc) was alanine. The overall results, obtained using different chemometric tools, were able to describe a brain metabolite profile of infected sheep with and without clinical signs, compared to healthy ones, and indicated alanine as a biomarker for PrP(Sc) amounts in scrapie brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Scano
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Handley RR, Reid SJ, Patassini S, Rudiger SR, Obolonkin V, McLaughlan CJ, Jacobsen JC, Gusella JF, MacDonald ME, Waldvogel HJ, Bawden CS, Faull RLM, Snell RG. Metabolic disruption identified in the Huntington's disease transgenic sheep model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20681. [PMID: 26864449 PMCID: PMC4749952 DOI: 10.1038/srep20681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion within exon 1 of HTT, encoding huntingtin. There are no therapies that can delay the progression of this devastating disease. One feature of HD that may play a critical role in its pathogenesis is metabolic disruption. Consequently, we undertook a comparative study of metabolites in our transgenic sheep model of HD (OVT73). This model does not display overt symptoms of HD but has circadian rhythm alterations and molecular changes characteristic of the early phase disease. Quantitative metabolite profiles were generated from the motor cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and liver tissue of 5 year old transgenic sheep and matched controls by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Differentially abundant metabolites were evident in the cerebellum and liver. There was striking tissue-specificity, with predominantly amino acids affected in the transgenic cerebellum and fatty acids in the transgenic liver, which together may indicate a hyper-metabolic state. Furthermore, there were more strong pair-wise correlations of metabolite abundance in transgenic than in wild-type cerebellum and liver, suggesting altered metabolic constraints. Together these differences indicate a metabolic disruption in the sheep model of HD and could provide insight into the presymptomatic human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee R Handley
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne J Reid
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Stefano Patassini
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Skye R Rudiger
- Molecular Biology and Reproductive Technology Laboratories, South Australian Research and Development, Adelaide, SA 5350, Australia
| | - Vladimir Obolonkin
- Research &Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Clive J McLaughlan
- Molecular Biology and Reproductive Technology Laboratories, South Australian Research and Development, Adelaide, SA 5350, Australia
| | - Jessie C Jacobsen
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - James F Gusella
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Marcy E MacDonald
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - C Simon Bawden
- Molecular Biology and Reproductive Technology Laboratories, South Australian Research and Development, Adelaide, SA 5350, Australia
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Russell G Snell
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cheng ML, Chang KH, Wu YR, Chen CM. Metabolic disturbances in plasma as biomarkers for Huntington's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:38-44. [PMID: 27133422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), caused by expanded CAG repeats encoding a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein, presents with a predominant degeneration of neurons in the striatum and cortex. Although a few studies have identified substantial metabolite alterations in plasma, the picture of plasma metabolomics of HD has not been clearly depicted yet. Using a global metabolomics screening for plasma from 15 HD patients and 17 controls, HD patient group was separated from the control group by a panel of metabolites belonging to carnitine, amino acid and phosphatidylcholine species. The quantification of 184 related metabolites (including carnitine, amino acid and phosphatidylcholine species) in 29 HD patients, 9 presymptomatic HD carriers and 44 controls further showed one up-regulated (glycine) and 9 down-regulated metabolites (taurine, serotonin, valine, isoleucine, phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:0 and C34:0 and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C20:3). To understand the biosynthetic alterations of phosphatidylcholine in HD, we examined the expression levels and activities of a panel of key enzymes responsible for phosphatidylcholine metabolism. The results showed down-regulation of PCYT1A and increased activity of phospholipase A2 in HD leukocytes. These metabolic profiles strongly indicate that disturbed metabolism is involved in pathogenesis of HD and provide clue for the development of novel treatment strategies for HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Cheng
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou RP, Wu XS, Wang ZS, Xie YY, Ge JF, Chen FH. Novel Insights into Acid-Sensing Ion Channels: Implications for Degenerative Diseases. Aging Dis 2015; 7:491-501. [PMID: 27493834 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases often strike older adults and are characterized by progressive deterioration of cells, eventually leading to tissue and organ degeneration for which limited effective treatment options are currently available. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), a family of extracellular H(+)-activated ligand-gated ion channels, play critical roles in physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant activation of ASICs is reported to regulate cell apoptosis, differentiation and autophagy. Accumulating evidence has highlighted a dramatic increase and activation of ASICs in degenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, intervertebral disc degeneration and arthritis. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the critical roles of ASICs and their potential utility as therapeutic targets in degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Peng Zhou
- 1Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; 2The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Wu
- 1Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; 2The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Sen Wang
- 1Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; 2The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ya-Ya Xie
- 1Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; 2The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin-Fang Ge
- 1Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; 2The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- 1Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; 2The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Radu BM, Banciu A, Banciu DD, Radu M. Acid-Sensing Ion Channels as Potential Pharmacological Targets in Peripheral and Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 103:137-67. [PMID: 26920689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are widely expressed in the body and represent good sensors for detecting protons. The pH drop in the nervous system is equivalent to ischemia and acidosis, and ASICs are very good detectors in discriminating slight changes in acidity. ASICs are important pharmacological targets being involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes affecting both the peripheral nervous system (e.g., peripheral pain, diabetic neuropathy) and the central nervous system (e.g., stroke, epilepsy, migraine, anxiety, fear, depression, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.). This review discusses the role played by ASICs in different pathologies and the pharmacological agents acting on ASICs that might represent promising drugs. As the majority of above-mentioned pathologies involve not only neuronal dysfunctions but also microvascular alterations, in the next future, ASICs may be also considered as potential pharmacological targets at the vasculature level. Perspectives and limitations in the use of ASICs antagonists and modulators as pharmaceutical agents are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Physics, 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jaeger C, Glaab E, Michelucci A, Binz TM, Koeglsberger S, Garcia P, Trezzi JP, Ghelfi J, Balling R, Buttini M. The mouse brain metabolome: region-specific signatures and response to excitotoxic neuronal injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1699-712. [PMID: 25934215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a multistep process characterized by a multitude of molecular entities and their interactions. Systems analyses, or omics approaches, have become an important tool in characterizing this process. Although RNA and protein profiling made their entry into this field a couple of decades ago, metabolite profiling is a more recent addition. The metabolome represents a large part or all metabolites in a tissue, and gives a snapshot of its physiology. By using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, we analyzed the metabolic profile of brain regions of the mouse, and found that each region is characterized by its own metabolic signature. We then analyzed the metabolic profile of the mouse brain after excitotoxic injury, a mechanism of neurodegeneration implicated in numerous neurological diseases. More important, we validated our findings by measuring, histologically and molecularly, actual neurodegeneration and glial response. We found that a specific global metabolic signature, best revealed by machine learning algorithms, rather than individual metabolites, was the most robust correlate of neuronal injury and the accompanying gliosis, and this signature could serve as a global biomarker for neurodegeneration. We also observed that brain lesioning induced several metabolites with neuroprotective properties. Our results deepen the understanding of metabolic changes accompanying neurodegeneration in disease models, and could help rapidly evaluate these changes in preclinical drug studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jaeger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tina M Binz
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sandra Koeglsberger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Pierre Trezzi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dumas ME, Davidovic L. Metabolic Profiling and Phenotyping of Central Nervous System Diseases: Metabolites Bring Insights into Brain Dysfunctions. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:402-24. [PMID: 25616565 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic phenotyping corresponds to the large-scale quantitative and qualitative analysis of the metabolome i.e., the low-molecular weight <1 KDa fraction in biological samples, and provides a key opportunity to advance neurosciences. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry are the main analytical platforms used for metabolic profiling, enabling detection and quantitation of a wide range of compounds of particular neuro-pharmacological and physiological relevance, including neurotransmitters, secondary messengers, structural lipids, as well as their precursors, intermediates and degradation products. Metabolic profiling is therefore particularly indicated for the study of central nervous system by probing metabolic and neurochemical profiles of the healthy or diseased brain, in preclinical models or in human samples. In this review, we introduce the analytical and statistical requirements for metabolic profiling. Then, we focus on key studies in the field of metabolic profiling applied to the characterization of animal models and human samples of central nervous system disorders. We highlight the potential of metabolic profiling for pharmacological and physiological evaluation, diagnosis and drug therapy monitoring of patients affected by brain disorders. Finally, we discuss the current challenges in the field, including the development of systems biology and pharmacology strategies improving our understanding of metabolic signatures and mechanisms of central nervous system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Botas A, Campbell HM, Han X, Maletic-Savatic M. Metabolomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 122:53-80. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
49
|
Wang J, Xu Y, Lian Z, Zhang J, Zhu T, Li M, Wei Y, Dong B. Does closure of acid-sensing ion channels reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat brain? Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1169-79. [PMID: 25206411 PMCID: PMC4107604 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.13.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is a common characteristic of brain damage. Because studies have shown that permeable Ca2+-acid-sensing ion channels can mediate the toxic effects of calcium ions, they have become new targets against pain and various intracranial diseases. However, the mechanism associated with expression of these channels remains unclear. This study sought to observe the expression characteristics of permeable Ca2+-acid-sensing ion channels during different reperfusion inflows in rats after cerebral ischemia. The rat models were randomly divided into three groups: adaptive ischemia/reperfusion group, one-time ischemia/reperfusion group, and severe cerebral ischemic injury group. Western blot assays and immunofluorescence staining results exhibited that when compared with the one-time ischemia/reperfusion group, acid-sensing ion channel 3 and Bcl-x/l expression decreased in the adaptive ischemia/reperfusion group. Calmodulin expression was lowest in the adaptive ischemia/reperfusion group. Following adaptive reperfusion, common carotid artery flow was close to normal, and the pH value improved. Results verified that adaptive reperfusion following cerebral ischemia can suppress acid-sensing ion channel 3 expression, significantly reduce Ca2+ influx, inhibit calcium overload, and diminish Ca2+ toxicity. The effects of adaptive ischemia/reperfusion on suppressing cell apoptosis and relieving brain damage were better than that of one-time ischemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhigang Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tingzhun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengkao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ala-Korpela M. Potential role of body fluid1H NMR metabonomics as a prognostic and diagnostic tool. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 7:761-73. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.7.6.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|