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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Ni N, Tong S, Da W, Liu C, Diao Q, Chen Z, Xin B, Zeng H, Zeng X, Xu D. Transcriptional Analysis Revealing the Improvement of ε-Poly-L-lysine Production from Intracellular ROS Elevation after Botrytis cinerea Induction. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:324. [PMID: 38786679 PMCID: PMC11122054 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, poses significant threats to various crops, while it can be remarkably inhibited by ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL). A previous study found that B. cinerea extracts could stimulate the ε-PL biosynthesis of Streptomyces albulus, while it is unclear whether the impact of the B. cinerea signal on ε-PL biosynthesis is direct or indirect. This study evaluated the role of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in efficient ε-PL biosynthesis after B. cinerea induction, and its underlying mechanism was disclosed with a transcriptome analysis. The microbial call from B. cinerea could arouse ROS elevation in cells, which fall in a proper level that positively influenced the ε-PL biosynthesis. A systematic transcriptional analysis revealed that this proper dose of intracellular ROS could induce a global transcriptional promotion on key pathways in ε-PL biosynthesis, including the embden-meyerhof-parnas pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the diaminopimelic acid pathway, ε-PL accumulation, cell respiration, and energy synthesis, in which sigma factor HrdD and the transcriptional regulators of TcrA, TetR, FurA, and MerR might be involved. In addition, the intracellular ROS elevation also resulted in a global modification of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, highlighting the secondary signaling role of intracellular ROS in ε-PL production. This work disclosed the transcriptional mechanism of efficient ε-PL production that resulted from an intracellular ROS elevation after B. cinerea elicitors' induction, which was of great significance in industrial ε-PL production as well as the biocontrol of gray mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Zhanyang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Ni Ni
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Siyu Tong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Wangbao Da
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Qiran Diao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Bingyue Xin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Huawei Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.N.); (S.T.); (W.D.); (C.L.); (Q.D.); (Z.C.); (B.X.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235099, China
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2
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Chen T, Chen Y, Li B, Tian S. Characterization of two SGNH family cell death-inducing proteins from the horticulturally important fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea based on the optimized prokaryotic expression system. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:9. [PMID: 38449027 PMCID: PMC10919021 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive phytopathogenic fungi, causing significant losses to horticultural crops. As a necrotrophic fungus, B. cinerea obtains nutrients by killing host cells. Secreted cell death-inducing proteins (CDIPs) play a crucial role in necrotrophic infection; however, only a limited number have been reported. For high-throughput CDIP screening, we optimized the prokaryotic expression system and compared its efficiency with other commonly used protein expression systems. The optimized prokaryotic expression system showed superior effectiveness and efficiency and was selected for subsequent CDIP screening. The screening system verified fifty-five candidate proteins and identified two novel SGNH family CDIPs: BcRAE and BcFAT. BcRAE and BcFAT exhibited high expression levels throughout the infection process. Site-directed mutagenesis targeting conserved Ser residues abolished the cell death-inducing activity of both BcRAE and BcFAT. Moreover, the transient expression of BcRAE and BcFAT in plants enhanced plant resistance against B. cinerea without inducing cell death, independent of their enzymatic activities. Our results suggest a high-efficiency screening system for high-throughput CDIP screening and provide new targets for further study of B. cinerea-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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You Y, Astudillo-Estévez I, Essenstam B, Qin S, van Kan JAL. Leaf resistance to Botrytis cinerea in wild tomato Solanum habrochaites depends on inoculum composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156804. [PMID: 37600190 PMCID: PMC10433766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Moneymaker (MM) is very susceptible to the grey mould Botrytis cinerea, while quantitative resistance in the wild species Solanum habrochaites (accession LYC4) has been reported. In leaf inoculation assays, an effect of nutrient and spore concentration on disease incidence was observed. Resistance in LYC4 leaves was manifested as a high incidence of tiny black, dispersed spots which did not expand ("incompatible interaction") and was pronounced when B. cinerea was inoculated at high spore density (1000 spores/µL) in medium with 10 mM sucrose and 10 mM phosphate buffer. Under the same condition, a high frequency of expanding lesions was observed on MM leaves ("compatible interaction"). Remarkably, inoculation of LYC4 with a high spore density in medium with higher concentrations of sucrose and/or phosphate as well as lower spore density (30 spores/µL) in medium with low sucrose and phosphate, all resulted in a higher percentage of expanding lesions. The lesion sizes at 3 days post inoculation differed markedly between all these inoculation conditions. This inoculation method provides a convenient tool to study mechanisms that determine the distinction between compatible and incompatible interactions between B. cinerea and a host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua You
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Bert Essenstam
- Wageningen University & Research, Unifarm, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Si Qin
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan A. L. van Kan
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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4
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Lan X, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang H, Hu Z, Dong H, Yu Z, Yuan Y. A review of curcumin in food preservation: Delivery system and photosensitization. Food Chem 2023; 424:136464. [PMID: 37247602 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As a natural polyphenol, curcumin has been used as an alternative to synthetic preservatives in food preservation. Different from previous reviews that mainly focus on the pH-responsive discoloration of curcumin to detect changes in food quality in real time, this paper focuses on the perspective of the delivery system and photosensitization of curcumin for food preservation. The delivery system is an effective means to overcome the challenges of curcumin like instability, hydrophobicity, and low bioavailability. Curcumin as a photosensitizer can effectively sterilize to preserve food. The practical fresh-keeping effects of the delivery system and photosensitization of curcumin on foods (fruits/vegetables, animal-derived food, and grain) were summarized comprehensively, including shelf-life extension, maintenance of physicochemical properties, nutritional quality, and sensory. Future research should focus on the development of novel curcumin-loaded materials used for food preservation, and most importantly, the biosafety and accumulation toxicity associated with these materials should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lan
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Hisense Ronshen (Guangdong) Refrigerator Co., Ltd., Foshan 528303, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhiwen Yu
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yongkai Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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5
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Bi K, Liang Y, Mengiste T, Sharon A. Killing softly: a roadmap of Botrytis cinerea pathogenicity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:211-222. [PMID: 36184487 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, a widespread plant pathogen with a necrotrophic lifestyle, causes gray mold disease in many crops. Massive secretion of enzymes and toxins was long considered to be the main driver of infection, but recent studies have uncovered a rich toolbox for B. cinerea pathogenicity. The emerging picture is of a multilayered infection process governed by the exchange of factors that collectively contribute to disease development. No plant shows complete resistance against B. cinerea, but pattern-triggered plant immune responses have the potential to significantly reduce disease progression, opening new possibilities for producing B. cinerea-tolerant plants. We examine current B. cinerea infection models, highlight knowledge gaps, and suggest directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yong Liang
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amir Sharon
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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6
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Jeblick T, Leisen T, Steidele CE, Albert I, Müller J, Kaiser S, Mahler F, Sommer F, Keller S, Hückelhoven R, Hahn M, Scheuring D. Botrytis hypersensitive response inducing protein 1 triggers noncanonical PTI to induce plant cell death. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:125-141. [PMID: 36222581 PMCID: PMC9806589 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
According to their lifestyle, plant pathogens are divided into biotrophic and necrotrophic organisms. Biotrophic pathogens exclusively nourish living host cells, whereas necrotrophic pathogens rapidly kill host cells and nourish cell walls and cell contents. To this end, the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea secretes large amounts of phytotoxic proteins and cell wall-degrading enzymes. However, the precise role of these proteins during infection is unknown. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of the previously unknown toxic protein hypersensitive response-inducing protein 1 (Hip1), which induces plant cell death. We found the adoption of a structurally conserved folded Alternaria alternata Alt a 1 protein structure to be a prerequisite for Hip1 to exert its necrosis-inducing activity in a host-specific manner. Localization and the induction of typical plant defense responses by Hip1 indicate recognition as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern at the plant plasma membrane. In contrast to other secreted toxic Botrytis proteins, the activity of Hip1 does not depend on the presence of the receptor-associated kinases BRI1-associated kinase 1 and suppressor of BIR1-1. Our results demonstrate that recognition of Hip1, even in the absence of obvious enzymatic or pore-forming activity, induces strong plant defense reactions eventually leading to plant cell death. Botrytis hip1 overexpression strains generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed enhanced infection, indicating the virulence-promoting potential of Hip1. Taken together, Hip1 induces a noncanonical defense response which might be a common feature of structurally conserved fungal proteins from the Alt a 1 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Jeblick
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisen
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Christina E Steidele
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Isabell Albert
- Molecular Plant Physiology, FAU Erlangen, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jonas Müller
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kaiser
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Florian Mahler
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
- Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (IMB), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
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7
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Wang M, Du Y, Jiao W, Fu M. Effects of fruit tissue pH value on the
Penicillium expansum
growth, patulin accumulation and distribution. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Jiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Maorun Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
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8
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Self RA, Harrison MD, Te'o VS, Van Sluyter S. Development of simple, scalable protease production from Botrytis cinerea. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2219-2233. [PMID: 35171338 PMCID: PMC8930891 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Heat haze-forming proteins are stable during winemaking and are typically removed via adsorption to bentonite. Proteolytic degradation is an alternative method to prevent wine-haze and offers the opportunity to reduce the environmental impacts and labor cost of the process. Herein, we describe the development of a production system for Botrytis cinerea proteases for the enzymatic degradation of heat haze-forming proteins. The effect of culture medium on the secretion of glucan by B. cinerea was investigated and methods to inactivate B. cinerea laccase in liquid culture medium were assessed. Protease production by B. cinerea was scaled up from 50 mL in shake flasks to 1 L in bioreactors, resulting in an increase in protease yield from 0.30 to 3.04 g L−1. Glucan secretion by B. cinerea was minimal in culture medium containing lactose as a carbon source and either lactic or sulfuric acid for pH control. B. cinerea laccases were inactivated by reducing the pH of culture supernatant to 1.5 for 1 h. B. cinerea proteases were concentrated and partially purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation. SWATH-MS identified aspartic acid protease BcAP8 amongst the precipitated proteins. These results demonstrate a simple, affordable, and scalable process to produce proteases from B. cinerea as a replacement for bentonite in winemaking. Key points • Isolates of B. cinerea that produce proteases with potential for reducing wine heat-haze forming proteins were identified. • Media and fermentation optimization increased protease yield tenfold and reduced glucan secretion. • Low pH treatment inactivated laccases but not proteases. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11817-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Self
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia. .,School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Mark D Harrison
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Valentino S Te'o
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Steve Van Sluyter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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9
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Dubas E, Żur I, Moravčiková J, Fodor J, Krzewska M, Surówka E, Nowicka A, Gerši Z. Proteins, Small Peptides and Other Signaling Molecules Identified as Inconspicuous but Possibly Important Players in Microspores Reprogramming Toward Embryogenesis. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.745865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe and integrate the latest knowledge on the signaling role of proteins and peptides in the stress-induced microspore embryogenesis (ME) in some crop plants with agricultural importance (i.e., oilseed rape, tobacco, barley, wheat, rice, triticale, rye). Based on the results received from the most advanced omix analyses, we have selected some inconspicuous but possibly important players in microspores reprogramming toward embryogenic development. We provide an overview of the roles and downstream effect of stress-related proteins (e.g., β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases) and small signaling peptides, especially cysteine—(e.g., glutathione, γ-thionins, rapid alkalinization factor, lipid transfer, phytosulfokine) and glycine-rich peptides and other proteins (e.g., fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein) on acclimation ability of microspores and the cell wall reconstruction in a context of ME induction and haploids/doubled haploids (DHs) production. Application of these molecules, stimulating the induction and proper development of embryo-like structures and green plant regeneration, brings significant improvement of the effectiveness of DHs procedures and could result in its wider incorporation on a commercial scale. Recent advances in the design and construction of synthetic peptides–mainly cysteine-rich peptides and their derivatives–have accelerated the development of new DNA-free genome-editing techniques. These new systems are evolving incredibly fast and soon will find application in many areas of plant science and breeding.
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10
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Li H, James A, Shen X, Wang Y. Roles of microbiota in the formation of botrytized grapes and wines. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1958925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center For Food Nutrition And Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Armachius James
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center For Food Nutrition And Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center For Food Nutrition And Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center For Food Nutrition And Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
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11
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Zhang Z, He C, Chen Y, Li B, Tian S. DNA Methyltransferases Regulate Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea to Horticultural Crops. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080659. [PMID: 34436198 PMCID: PMC8399656 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens that cause gray mold rot in horticultural products, including fresh fruits, vegetables, and flowers, leading to serious economic losses. B. cinerea is difficult to control because it has strong stress resistance and complex infection modes. The pathogenic mechanisms of B. cinerea have been revealed at multiple levels, but little is known at the epigenetic level. In this study, we first revealed the important role of DNA methyltransferases in regulating the development and pathogenicity of B. cinerea. We showed that two DNA methyltransferases, BcDIM2 and BcRID2, showed a strong synergistic effect in regulating the pathogenicity of B. cinerea. The double knockout mutant ΔBcdim2rid2 showed slower mycelial growth, lower spore germination, attenuated oxidative tolerance, and complete pathogenicity loss on various hosts, which is related to the reduced expression of virulence-related genes in ΔBcdim2rid2 and the induced resistance of the host. Although B. cinerea has multiple DNA methyltransferases, the global methylation level is very low, and few 5mC sites can be detected by BS-seq. These results first revealed the important role and the action mode of DNA methyltransferases in B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Z.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhang ZQ, Chen T, Li BQ, Qin GZ, Tian SP. Molecular basis of pathogenesis of postharvest pathogenic Fungi and control strategy in fruits: progress and prospect. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:2. [PMID: 37789422 PMCID: PMC10509826 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The disease caused by pathogenic fungi is the main cause of postharvest loss of fresh fruits. The formulation of disease control strategies greatly depends on the understanding of pathogenic mechanism of fungal pathogens and control strategy. In recent years, based on the application of various combinatorial research methods, some pathogenic genes of important postharvest fungal pathogens in fruit have been revealed, and their functions and molecular regulatory networks of virulence have been explored. These progresses not only provide a new perspective for understanding the molecular basis and regulation mechanism of pathogenicity of postharvest pathogenic fungi, but also are beneficial to giving theoretical guidance for the creation of new technologies of postharvest disease control. Here, we synthesized these recent advances and illustrated conceptual frameworks, and identified several issues on the focus of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bo-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shi-Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Santos RB, Figueiredo A. Two sides of the same story in grapevine-pathogen interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3367-3380. [PMID: 33631010 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are an integral part of plant defence systems, and their role in plant-pathogen interactions is unequivocal. Emerging evidence suggests that different protease families contribute to the establishment not only of hypersensitive response, priming, and signalling, but also of recognition events through complex proteolytic cascades. Moreover, they play a crucial role in pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern (PAMP/MAMP)-triggered immunity as well as in effector-triggered immunity. However, despite important advances in our understanding of the role of proteases in plant defence, the contribution of proteases to pathogen defence in grapevine remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the main grapevine pathosystems and explore the role of serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteases from both the host and pathogen point of views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita B Santos
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Testempasis S, Tanou G, Minas I, Samiotaki M, Molassiotis A, Karaoglanidis G. Unraveling Interactions of the Necrotrophic Fungal Species Botrytis cinerea With 1-Methylcyclopropene or Ozone-Treated Apple Fruit Using Proteomic Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644255. [PMID: 33777080 PMCID: PMC7988217 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is one of the major postharvest diseases of apple fruit. The exogenous application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and gaseous ozone (O 3) is commonly used to ensure postharvest fruit quality. However, the effect of these treatments on the susceptibility of apple fruit to postharvest pathogens remains largely unknown. Herein, the effect of O 3 and 1-MCP treatments on the development of gray mold on apple fruit (cv. "Granny Smith") was investigated. Artificially inoculated apple fruits, treated or not with 1-MCP, were subjected for 2 months to cold storage [0°C, relative humidity (RH) 95%] either in an O3-enriched atmosphere or in a conventional cold chamber. Minor differences between 1-MCP-treated and control fruits were found in terms of disease expression; however, exposure to ozone resulted in a decrease of disease severity by more than 50% compared with 1-MCP-treated and untreated fruits. Proteomic analysis was conducted to determine proteome changes in the mesocarp tissue of control and 1-MCP- or O3-treated fruits in the absence or in the presence of inoculation with B. cinerea. In the non-inoculated fruits, 26 proteins were affected by 1-MCP, while 51 proteins were altered by ozone. Dynamic changes in fruit proteome were also observed in response to B. cinerea. In O3-treated fruits, a significant number of disease/defense-related proteins were increased in comparison with control fruit. Among these proteins, higher accumulation levels were observed for allergen, major allergen, ACC oxidase, putative NBS-LRR disease resistance protein, major latex protein (MLP)-like protein, or 2-Cys peroxiredoxin. In contrast, most of these proteins were down-accumulated in 1-MCP-treated fruits that were challenged with B. cinerea. These results suggest that ozone exposure may contribute to the reduction of gray mold in apple fruits, while 1-MCP was not effective in affecting this disease. This is the first study deciphering differential regulations of apple fruit proteome upon B. cinerea infection and postharvest storage treatments, underlying aspects of host response related to the gray mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Testempasis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil Science and Water Resources, ELGO-Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Minas
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Colorado, CO, United States
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Karaoglanidis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Li B, Chen Y, Tian S. Function of pH-dependent transcription factor PacC in regulating development, pathogenicity, and mycotoxin biosynthesis of phytopathogenic fungi. FEBS J 2021; 289:1723-1730. [PMID: 33751796 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
pH, as one of the most important environmental factors, affects various biological processes in pathogenic fungi. Sensing and responding to fluctuations in ambient pH are essential for these fungi to complete their life cycle. Fungi have evolved a complicated and conserved system, the so-called Pal-pH pathway, to regulate genes and adapt to alterations in ambient pH. PacC is the dominant transcription factor in the Pal-pH pathway and regulates various biological processes. The regulatory mode of PacC has been extensively studied in Aspergillus nidulans and is generally conserved in other fungal species, including numerous phytopathogenic fungi. However, species-specific alterations have been reported. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of PacC and its role in controlling development, pathogenicity, and mycotoxin biosynthesis in phytopathogenic fungi. Potential applications of these findings and some unresolved questions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Reboledo G, Agorio A, Vignale L, Batista-García RA, Ponce De León I. Botrytis cinerea Transcriptome during the Infection Process of the Bryophyte Physcomitrium patens and Angiosperms. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 7:11. [PMID: 33379257 PMCID: PMC7824268 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes grey mold in many plant species, including crops and model plants of angiosperms. B. cinerea also infects and colonizes the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens (previously Physcomitrella patens), which perceives the pathogen and activates defense mechanisms. However, these defenses are not sufficient to stop fungal invasion, leading finally to plant decay. To gain more insights into B. cinerea infection and virulence strategies displayed during moss colonization, we performed genome wide transcriptional profiling of B. cinerea during different infection stages. We show that, in total, 1015 B. cinerea genes were differentially expressed in moss tissues. Expression patterns of upregulated genes and gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that infection of P. patens tissues by B. cinerea depends on reactive oxygen species generation and detoxification, transporter activities, plant cell wall degradation and modification, toxin production and probable plant defense evasion by effector proteins. Moreover, a comparison with available RNAseq data during angiosperm infection, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum and Lactuca sativa, suggests that B. cinerea has virulence and infection functions used in all hosts, while others are more specific to P. patens or angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Reboledo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (G.R.); (A.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Astrid Agorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (G.R.); (A.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Lucía Vignale
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (G.R.); (A.A.); (L.V.)
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - Inés Ponce De León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (G.R.); (A.A.); (L.V.)
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The mechanism involved in enhancing the biological control efficacy of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa with salicylic acid to postharvest green mold decay of oranges. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Shi L, Liu B, Wei Q, Ge B, Zhang K. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of the response of Botrytis cinerea to wuyiencin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224643. [PMID: 32348310 PMCID: PMC7190121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grey mould is caused by the ascomycetes Botrytis cinerea in a range of crop hosts. As a biological control agent, the nucleoside antibiotic wuyiencin has been industrially produced and widely used as an effective fungicide. To elucidate the effects of wuyiencin on the transcriptional regulation in B. cinerea, we, for the first time, report a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of B. cinerea treated with wuyiencin. 2067 genes were differentially expressed, of them, 886 and 1181 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Functional categorization indicated that transcript levels of genes involved in amino acid metabolism and those encoding putative secreted proteins were altered in response to wuyiencin treatment. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in protein synthesis and energy metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) and of those encoding ATP-binding cassette transporters was markedly upregulated, whereas that of genes participating in DNA replication, cell cycle, and stress response was downregulated. Furthermore, wuyiencin resulted in mycelial malformation and negatively influenced cell growth rate and conidial yield in B. cinerea. Our results suggest that this nucleoside antibiotic regulates all aspects of cell growth and differentiation in B. cinerea. To summarize, some new candidate pathways and target genes that may related to the protective and antagonistic mechanisms in B. cinerea were identified underlying the action of biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Binghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiuhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Beibei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (KZ); (BG)
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (KZ); (BG)
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Actin Is Required for Cellular Development and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea via the Mediation of Secretory Proteins. mSystems 2020; 5:5/1/e00732-19. [PMID: 32098836 PMCID: PMC7043344 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00732-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is an important network that exists in cells of all domains of life. In eukaryotic cells, actin is a vital component of the cytoskeleton. Here, we report that BcactA, an actin protein in B. cinerea, can affect the growth, sporulation, and virulence of B. cinerea. Furthermore, iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis showed that BcactA affects the abundance of 40 extracellular proteins, including 11 down-accumulated CWDEs. Among them, two CWDEs, cellobiohydrolase (BcCBH) and β-endoglucanase (BcEG), contributed to the virulence of B. cinerea, indicating that bcactA plays a crucial role in regulating extracellular virulence factors. These findings unveil previously unknown functions of BcactA in mediating growth, sporulation, and virulence of B. cinerea. Actin is a vital component of the cytoskeleton of living cells and is involved in several complex processes. However, its functions in plant-pathogenic fungi are largely unknown. In this paper, we found that deletion of the Botrytis cinerea actin gene bcactA reduced growth and sporulation of B. cinerea and lowered virulence. Based on iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-based proteomic analysis, we compared changes of the secretome in ΔbcactA and wild-type strains. A total of 40 proteins exhibited significant differences in abundance in ΔbcactA mutants compared with the wild type. These proteins included 11 down-accumulated cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs). Among them, two CWDEs, cellobiohydrolase (BcCBH) and β-endoglucanase (BcEG), were found to contribute to the virulence of B. cinerea, indicating that bcactA plays a crucial role in regulating the secretion of extracellular virulence factors. These findings unveil previously unknown functions of BcactA to mediate the virulence of B. cinerea and provide new mechanistic insights into the role of BcactA in the complex pathogenesis of B. cinerea. IMPORTANCE The cytoskeleton is an important network that exists in cells of all domains of life. In eukaryotic cells, actin is a vital component of the cytoskeleton. Here, we report that BcactA, an actin protein in B. cinerea, can affect the growth, sporulation, and virulence of B. cinerea. Furthermore, iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis showed that BcactA affects the abundance of 40 extracellular proteins, including 11 down-accumulated CWDEs. Among them, two CWDEs, cellobiohydrolase (BcCBH) and β-endoglucanase (BcEG), contributed to the virulence of B. cinerea, indicating that bcactA plays a crucial role in regulating extracellular virulence factors. These findings unveil previously unknown functions of BcactA in mediating growth, sporulation, and virulence of B. cinerea.
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20
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The Pattern and Function of DNA Methylation in Fungal Plant Pathogens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020227. [PMID: 32046339 PMCID: PMC7074731 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To successfully infect plants and trigger disease, fungal plant pathogens use various strategies that are dependent on characteristics of their biology and genomes. Although pathogenic fungi are different from animals and plants in the genomic heritability, sequence feature, and epigenetic modification, an increasing number of phytopathogenic fungi have been demonstrated to share DNA methyltransferases (MTases) responsible for DNA methylation with animals and plants. Fungal plant pathogens predominantly possess four types of DNA MTase homologs, including DIM-2, DNMT1, DNMT5, and RID. Numerous studies have indicated that DNA methylation in phytopathogenic fungi mainly distributes in transposable elements (TEs), gene promoter regions, and the repetitive DNA sequences. As an important and heritable epigenetic modification, DNA methylation is associated with silencing of gene expression and transposon, and it is responsible for a wide range of biological phenomena in fungi. This review highlights the relevant reports and insights into the important roles of DNA methylation in the modulation of development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of fungal plant pathogens. Recent evidences prove that there are massive links between DNA and histone methylation in fungi, and they commonly regulate fungal development and mycotoxin biosynthesis.
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Miao Y, Chen X, Li T, Zhu H, Tang S, Liu D, Shen Q. Proteomic analysis reflects an environmental alkalinization-coupled pH-dependent mechanism of regulating lignocellulases in Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:6. [PMID: 31938041 PMCID: PMC6954547 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filamentous fungi have the ability to efficiently decompose plant biomass, and thus are widely used in the biofuel and bioprocess industries. In process, ambient pH has been reported to strongly affect the performance of the applied functional filamentous fungi. In this study, Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 was investigated under the fermentation of rice straw at different initial pH values for a detailed study. RESULTS The results showed that NJAU4742 strain could tolerate ambient pH values ranging from 3.0 to 9.0, but had significantly higher growth speed and extracellular enzyme activities under acidic conditions. At low ambient pH (< 4), NJAU4742 strain achieved rapid degradation of rice straw by elevating the ambient pH to an optimal range through environmental alkalinization. Further proteomic analysis identified a total of 1139 intracellular and extracellular proteins during the solid-state fermentation processes, including the quantified 190 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) responsible for rice straw degradation, such as 19 cellulases, 47 hemicellulases and 11 chitinases. Meanwhile, the analysis results clearly showed that the secreted lignocellulases had a synergistic trend in distribution according to the ambient pH, and thus led to a pH-dependent classification of lignocellulases in T. guizhouense NJAU4742. CONCLUSIONS Most functional lignocellulases were found to be differently regulated by the ambient pH in T. guizhouense NJAU4742, which had the ability of speeding up biomass degradation by elevating the ambient pH through environmental alkalinization. These findings contribute to the theoretical basis for the biodegradation of plant biomass by filamentous fungi in the biofuel and bioprocess industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Miao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tuo Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
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Rodríguez-Pires S, Melgarejo P, De Cal A, Espeso EA. Proteomic Studies to Understand the Mechanisms of Peach Tissue Degradation by Monilinia laxa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1286. [PMID: 32973845 PMCID: PMC7468393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monilinia laxa is a necrotrophic plant pathogen able to infect and produce substantial losses on stone fruit. Three different isolates of M. laxa were characterized according to their aggressiveness on nectarines. M. laxa 8L isolate was the most aggressive on fruit, 33L isolate displayed intermediated virulence level, and 5L was classified as a weak aggressive isolate. Nectarine colonization process by the weak isolate 5L was strongly delayed. nLC-MS/MS proteomic studies using in vitro peach cultures provided data on exoproteomes of the three isolates at equivalent stages of brown rot colonization; 3 days for 8L and 33L, and 7 days for 5L. A total of 181 proteins were identified from 8L exoproteome and 289 proteins from 33L at 3 dpi, and 206 proteins were identified in 5L exoproteome at 7 dpi. Although an elevated number of proteins lacked a predicted function, the vast majority of proteins belong to OG group "metabolism", composed of categories such as "carbohydrate transport and metabolism" in 5L, and "energy production and conversion" most represented in 8L and 33L. Among identified proteins, 157 that carried a signal peptide were further examined and classified. Carbohydrate-active enzymes and peptidases were the main groups revealing different protein alternatives with the same function among isolates. Our data suggested a subset of secreted proteins as possible markers of differential virulence in more aggressive isolates, MlPG1 MlPME3, NEP-like, or endoglucanase proteins. A core-exoproteome among isolates independently of their virulence but time-dependent was also described. This core included several well-known virulence factors involved in host-tissue factors like cutinase, pectin lyases, and acid proteases. The secretion patterns supported the assumption that M. laxa deploys an extensive repertoire of proteins to facilitate the host infection and colonization and provided information for further characterization of M. laxa pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodríguez-Pires
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Melgarejo
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonieta De Cal
- Department of Plant Protection, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonieta De Cal,
| | - Eduardo A. Espeso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB)-Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Kesten C, Gámez‐Arjona FM, Menna A, Scholl S, Dora S, Huerta AI, Huang H, Tintor N, Kinoshita T, Rep M, Krebs M, Schumacher K, Sánchez‐Rodríguez C. Pathogen-induced pH changes regulate the growth-defense balance in plants. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101822. [PMID: 31736111 PMCID: PMC6912046 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental adaptation of organisms relies on fast perception and response to external signals, which lead to developmental changes. Plant cell growth is strongly dependent on cell wall remodeling. However, little is known about cell wall-related sensing of biotic stimuli and the downstream mechanisms that coordinate growth and defense responses. We generated genetically encoded pH sensors to determine absolute pH changes across the plasma membrane in response to biotic stress. A rapid apoplastic acidification by phosphorylation-based proton pump activation in response to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum immediately reduced cellulose synthesis and cell growth and, furthermore, had a direct influence on the pathogenicity of the fungus. In addition, pH seems to influence cellulose structure. All these effects were dependent on the COMPANION OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE proteins that are thus at the nexus of plant growth and defense. Hence, our discoveries show a remarkable connection between plant biomass production, immunity, and pH control, and advance our ability to investigate the plant growth-defense balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefan Scholl
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Susanne Dora
- Department of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Nico Tintor
- Department of PhytopathologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM)Nagoya UniversityChikusa, NagoyaJapan
- Division of Biological ScienceGraduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityChikusa, NagoyaJapan
| | - Martijn Rep
- Department of PhytopathologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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Li T, Wu Y, Wang Y, Gao H, Gupta VK, Duan X, Qu H, Jiang Y. Secretome Profiling Reveals Virulence-Associated Proteins of Fusarium proliferatum during Interaction with Banana Fruit. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060246. [PMID: 31234604 PMCID: PMC6628180 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins are vital for the pathogenicity of many fungi through manipulating their hosts for efficient colonization. Fusarium proliferatum is a phytopathogenic fungus infecting many crops, vegetables, and fruit, including banana fruit. To access the proteins involved in pathogen–host interaction, we used label-free quantitative proteomics technology to comparatively analyze the secretomes of F. proliferatum cultured with and without banana peel in Czapek’s broth medium. By analyzing the secretomes of F. proliferatum, we have identified 105 proteins with 40 exclusively secreted and 65 increased in abundance in response to a banana peel. These proteins were involved in the promotion of invasion of banana fruit, and they were mainly categorized into virulence factors, cell wall degradation, metabolic process, response to stress, regulation, and another unknown biological process. The expressions of corresponding genes confirmed the existence of these secreted proteins in the banana peel. Furthermore, expression pattern suggested variable roles for these genes at different infection stages. This study expanded the current database of F. proliferatum secreted proteins which might be involved in the infection strategy of this fungus. Additionally, this study warranted the further attention of some secreted proteins that might initiate infection of F. proliferatum on banana fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhongshan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhongshan 528403, China.
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Yang J, Wang Y, Liu L, Liu L, Wang C, Wang C, Li C. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid and pH on pathogenicity of biotrophy-associated secreted protein 1 (BAS1)-overexpressing strain, Magnaporthe oryzae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13725-13737. [PMID: 29931642 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress can influence the interactions between a pathogen and its host. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and pH on the morphological development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, the pathogen that causes rice (Oryza sativa) blast. A strain of rice blast that overexpresses biotrophy-associated secreted protein 1 (BAS1) and a wild-type (WT) strain were pretreated with different levels of pH and different concentrations of SA to analyze M. oryzae colony growth, sporulation, spore germination, dry weight of hypha, and appressorium formation. Disease incidence and the expression of defense-related genes in infected rice were analyzed after pretreatment with pH 5.00 or pH 8.00 and 200 μM SA. The results showed that both SA and pH had some influence on morphological development, including sporulation and appressorium formation of the BAS1-overexpression strain. In the 200 μM SA pretreatment, there was a lower incidence of disease and higher expression levels of the rice defense-related genes PR1a, PAL, HSP90, and PR5 on leaves inoculated with the BAS1-overexpession strain compared with the WT strain, whereas, LOX2 appeared to be downregulated in the BAS1-overexpession strain compared with the WT. In both pH treatments, disease incidence and expression of HSP90 were higher and the expression of PR1a and PR10a and LOX2 and PAL was lower in leaves inoculated with the BAS1-overexpression strain compared with leaves inoculated with the WT strain. We conclude that SA and pH affect morphological development of the BAS1-overexpression blast strain, but that these factors have little influence on the pathogenicity of the strain, indicating that BAS1-overexpression may have enhanced the tolerance of this rice blast strain to abiotic stressors. This work suggests new molecular mechanisms that exogenous SA and pH affect the interactions between M. oryzae and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Changmi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Yang J, Wang Y, Liu L, Liu L, Wang C, Wang C, Li C. Effects of exogenous salicylic acid and pH on pathogenicity of biotrophy-associated secreted protein 1 (BAS1)-overexpressing strain, Magnaporthe oryzae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13725-13737. [PMID: 29931642 PMCID: PMC6499755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress can influence the interactions between a pathogen and its host. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and pH on the morphological development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, the pathogen that causes rice (Oryza sativa) blast. A strain of rice blast that overexpresses biotrophy-associated secreted protein 1 (BAS1) and a wild-type (WT) strain were pretreated with different levels of pH and different concentrations of SA to analyze M. oryzae colony growth, sporulation, spore germination, dry weight of hypha, and appressorium formation. Disease incidence and the expression of defense-related genes in infected rice were analyzed after pretreatment with pH 5.00 or pH 8.00 and 200 μM SA. The results showed that both SA and pH had some influence on morphological development, including sporulation and appressorium formation of the BAS1-overexpression strain. In the 200 μM SA pretreatment, there was a lower incidence of disease and higher expression levels of the rice defense-related genes PR1a, PAL, HSP90, and PR5 on leaves inoculated with the BAS1-overexpession strain compared with the WT strain, whereas, LOX2 appeared to be downregulated in the BAS1-overexpession strain compared with the WT. In both pH treatments, disease incidence and expression of HSP90 were higher and the expression of PR1a and PR10a and LOX2 and PAL was lower in leaves inoculated with the BAS1-overexpression strain compared with leaves inoculated with the WT strain. We conclude that SA and pH affect morphological development of the BAS1-overexpression blast strain, but that these factors have little influence on the pathogenicity of the strain, indicating that BAS1-overexpression may have enhanced the tolerance of this rice blast strain to abiotic stressors. This work suggests new molecular mechanisms that exogenous SA and pH affect the interactions between M. oryzae and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Changmi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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27
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Sui Y, Ma Z, Meng X. Proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of oligochitosan on the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2622-2628. [PMID: 30417388 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea infects a broad range of horticultural plants worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses. A derivative of chitosan, oligochitosan, has been reported to be an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides. RESULTS Oligochitosan can greatly inhibit B. cinerea spore germination and induce protein carbonylation. To further investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect, a comparative proteome analysis was conducted of oligochitosan-treated versus non-treated B. cinerea spores. The cellular proteins were obtained from B. cinerea spore samples and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In total, 21 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Three DEPs were up-regulated in the oligochitosan-treated versus the untreated spores, including scytalone dehydratase and a serine carboxypeptidase III precursor. By contrast, seven DEPs, including Hsp 88 and cell division cycle protein 48, were down-regulated by oligochitosan treatment. Notably, 10 DEPs, including phosphatidylserine decarboxylase proenzyme and ATP-dependent molecular chaperone HSC82, were only detected in the control spores, whereas one DEP, a non-annotated predicted protein, was only detected in the oligochitosan-treated spores. CONCLUSION Oligochitosan may affect the spore germination of B. cinerea by impairing protein function. These findings have practical implications with respect to the use of oligochitosan for controlling fungal pathogens. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zengxin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Pandey V, Gupta AK, Singh M, Pandey D, Kumar A. Complementary Proteomics, Genomics approaches identifies potential pathogenicity/virulence factors in Tilletia indica induced under the influence of host factor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:553. [PMID: 30679765 PMCID: PMC6346058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Karnal bunt disease of wheat is incited by quarantine fungal pathogen T. indica. Till date, there is little information on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in Karnal bunt. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, highly aggressive T. indica TiK isolate was cultured in the presence of host factor extracted from developing spikes of wheat variety WH-542. Modulation in protein profile of mycelial proteins and secretome from TiK cultured in the absence and presence of host factor was analyzed by 2-DE. Fifteen and twenty nine protein spots were up-regulated/differentially regulated in the proteome of mycelial and secreted proteins, respectively and identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF. Identified proteins are involved in suppression of host defense responses, lignin degradation of plant cell wall, penetration, adhesion of pathogen to host tissues, pathogen mediated reactive oxygen species generation, hydrolytic enzymes, detoxification of host generated reactive oxygen species. Further, integration of proteomic and genomic analysis has led to candidate pathogenicity/virulence factors identification. They were functionally annotated by sequence as well as structure based analysis. In this study, complementation of proteomics and genomics approaches resulted in novel pathogenicity/virulence factor(s) identification in T. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Pandey
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Atul Kumar Gupta
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
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Gabal E, Amal-Asran, Mohamed MA, Abd-Elsalam KA. Botrytis Gray Mold Nano- or Biocontrol: Present Status and Future Prospects. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2019:85-118. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13296-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Rascle C, Dieryckx C, Dupuy JW, Muszkieta L, Souibgui E, Droux M, Bruel C, Girard V, Poussereau N. The pH regulator PacC: a host-dependent virulence factor in Botrytis cinerea. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:555-568. [PMID: 30066486 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea is able to infect a wide variety of plants and plant tissues with differing chemical compositions. During its interaction with the host, this pathogen modulates its ambient pH by secreting acids or ammonia. In this work, we examined the Pal/Pac pathway, the fungal ambient pH-responsive signalling circuit, and investigated the role of the PacC transcription factor. Characterization of the BcpacC deletion mutant revealed an alteration of both fungal growth and virulence depending on the pH of the culture medium or of the host tissue. The pathogenicity of the mutant was altered on plants exhibiting a neutral pH and not on plants with acidic tissues. The capacity of the mutant to acidify its environment and, more particularly, to produce oxalic acid was affected, as was production of reactive oxygen species. Finally, proteomic profiling of the mutant secretome revealed significant changes in plant cell wall polysaccharides proteins and lipid degradation and oxidoreduction, highlighting the importance of BcPacC in the necrotrophic lifestyle of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rascle
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer SAS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 14-18 impasse P. Baizet, F-69009, LYON, France
| | - Cindy Dieryckx
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer SAS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 14-18 impasse P. Baizet, F-69009, LYON, France
| | - Jean William Dupuy
- Plateforme protéome, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laetitia Muszkieta
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer SAS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 14-18 impasse P. Baizet, F-69009, LYON, France
| | - Eytham Souibgui
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer SAS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 14-18 impasse P. Baizet, F-69009, LYON, France
| | - Michel Droux
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer SAS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 14-18 impasse P. Baizet, F-69009, LYON, France
| | - Christophe Bruel
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer SAS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 14-18 impasse P. Baizet, F-69009, LYON, France
| | - Vincent Girard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer SAS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 14-18 impasse P. Baizet, F-69009, LYON, France
| | - Nathalie Poussereau
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer SAS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 14-18 impasse P. Baizet, F-69009, LYON, France
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Yin Y, Wu S, Chui C, Ma T, Jiang H, Hahn M, Ma Z. The MAPK kinase BcMkk1 suppresses oxalic acid biosynthesis via impeding phosphorylation of BcRim15 by BcSch9 in Botrytis cinerea. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007285. [PMID: 30212570 PMCID: PMC6136818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cassette of the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway is primarily responsible for orchestrating changes of cell wall. However, functions of this cassette in other cellular processes are not well understood. Here, we found that the Botrytis cinerea mutant of MAPK kinase (BcMkk1) displays more serious defects in mycelial growth, conidiation, responses to cell wall and oxidative stresses, but possesses less reduced virulence than the mutants of its upstream (BcBck1) and downstream (BcBmp3) kinases. Interestingly, BcMkk1, but not BcBck1 and BcBmp3, negatively regulates production of oxalic acid (OA) and activity of extracellular hydrolases (EHs) that are proposed to be virulence factors of B. cinerea. Moreover, we obtained evidence that BcMkk1 negatively controls OA production via impeding phosphorylation of the Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) kinase BcRim15 by the Ser/Thr kinase BcSch9. In addition, the fungal Pro40 homolog BcPro40 was found to interact simultaneously with three MAPKs, implying that BcPro40 is a scaffold protein of the CWI pathway in B. cinerea. Taken together, results of this study reveal that BcMkk1 negatively modulates virulence via suppressing OA biosynthesis in B. cinerea, which provides novel insight into conserved and species-specific functions of the MAPK kinase in fungi. Botrytis cinerea causes pre- and postharvest diseases in more than 200 economically important crops. In this study, the roles of cell wall integrity (CWI)-related MAPK kinase BcMkk1in regulating B. cinerea virulence were investigated using genetic and biochemical approaches. We found that the MAPK kinase BcMkk1 positively regulates virulence via the CWI pathway. Unexpectedly, BcMkk1 also negatively regulates fungal virulence via restraining oxalic acid production, by impeding phosphorylation of the PAS kinase BcRim15 mediated by the kinase BcSch9. To our knowledge, this is the first report that a MAPK kinase can negatively modulate fungal virulence on host plants. Our results provide novel insight into biological functions of a MAPK kinase in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, Kaiserslautern University, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Müller N, Leroch M, Schumacher J, Zimmer D, Könnel A, Klug K, Leisen T, Scheuring D, Sommer F, Mühlhaus T, Schroda M, Hahn M. Investigations on VELVET regulatory mutants confirm the role of host tissue acidification and secretion of proteins in the pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1062-1074. [PMID: 29790574 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Botrytis cinerea VELVET complex regulates light-dependent development and virulence. The goal of this study was to identify common virulence defects of several VELVET mutants and to reveal their molecular basis. Growth, differentiation, physiology, gene expression and infection of fungal strains were analyzed, and quantitative comparisons of in planta transcriptomes and secretomes were performed. VELVET mutants showed reduced release of citric acid, the major acid secreted by the wild-type, whereas no significant role for oxalic acid was observed. Furthermore, a common set of infection-related and secreted proteins was strongly underexpressed in the mutants. Quantitative secretome analysis with 15 N metabolic labeling revealed a correlation of changes in protein and mRNA levels between wild-type and mutants, indicating that transcript levels determine the abundance of secreted proteins. Infection sites kept at low pH partially restored lesion expansion and expression of virulence genes by the mutants. Drastic downregulation of proteases in the mutants was correlated with incomplete degradation of cellular host proteins at the infection site, but no evidence was obtained that aspartyl proteases are required for lesion formation. The B. cinerea VELVET complex controls pathogenic differentiation by regulating organic acid secretion, host tissue acidification, gene expression and protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Müller
- Department of Biology, Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michaela Leroch
- Department of Biology, Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - David Zimmer
- Department of Biology, Computational Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anne Könnel
- Department of Biology, Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Klaus Klug
- Department of Biology, Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisen
- Department of Biology, Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - David Scheuring
- Department of Biology, Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Department of Biology, Computational Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, Plant Pathology, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Kumar D, Tannous J, Sionov E, Keller N, Prusky D. Apple Intrinsic Factors Modulating the Global Regulator, LaeA, the Patulin Gene Cluster and Patulin Accumulation During Fruit Colonization by Penicillium expansum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1094. [PMID: 30100914 PMCID: PMC6073165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin patulin is produced in colonized tissue by Penicillium expansum during storage of apples and is significantly affected by environmental factors that contribute to its accumulation. Few reports have, however, examined the effect of natural intrinsic factors associated with the fruit on the production of patulin. Here, we find that with advancing maturity, Golden Delicious apples show increased concentrations of total soluble solids (TSS) from 14 to 17% associated with the increased expression of the global transcription factor involved in regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in filamentous fungi, laeA expression and patulin accumulation. However, the apple cultivar Granny Smith, with similar TSS values but differing in pH levels and malic acid concentrations, showed reduced expression levels of laeA and the patulin biosynthesis gene cluster (pat genes) and patulin accumulation, suggesting a complexity of host factors contribution to patulin accumulation during P. expansum colonization. To start elucidating these apple intrinsic factors, we examined their in vitro impact on laeA and pat gene expression concomitant with patulin synthesis. Increasing sucrose concentrations from 15 to 175 mM repressed laeA and pat gene expression and patulin production. However, this affect was modified and often reversed and sometimes accentuated by changes in pH, or the addition of malic acid or the major apple phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin. While the increase in malic acid from 0 to 1% increased laeA and pat gene expression, the decrease in pH from 3.5 to 2.5 reduced their expression. Also the increased laeA and pat genes expressions at increasing epicatechin concentrations from 0 to 1 mM, was reversed by increasing sucrose concentrations, all together suggesting the complexity of the interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Joanna Tannous
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Edward Sionov
- Department of Food Storage, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nancy Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Hua L, Yong C, Zhanquan Z, Boqiang L, Guozheng Q, Shiping T. Pathogenic mechanisms and control strategies of Botrytis cinerea causing post-harvest decay in fruits and vegetables. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Chen Yong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Zhang Zhanquan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Li Boqiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qin Guozheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Tian Shiping
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handing of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Ling HL, Rahmat Z, Bakar FDA, Murad AMA, Illias RM. Secretome analysis of alkaliphilic bacterium Bacillus lehensis G1 in response to pH changes. Microbiol Res 2018; 215:46-54. [PMID: 30172308 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus lehensis G1 is an alkaliphilic bacterium that is capable of surviving in environments up to pH 11. Secretome related to bacterial acclimation in alkaline environment has been less studied compared to cytoplasmic and membrane proteome. The aim of this study was to gain better understanding of bacterial acclimation to alkaline media through analyzing extracellular proteins of B. lehensis. The pH range for B. lehensis growth was conducted, and two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis were conducted to characterize changes in protein profiling in B. lehensis cultured at pH 8 and pH 11 when compared with those cultured at pH 10 (optimal growth pH). B. lehensis could grow well at pH ranging from 8 to 11 in which the bacteria showed to posses thinner flagella at pH 11. Proteomic analyses demonstrated that five proteins were up-regulated and 13 proteins were down-regulated at pH 8, whereas at pH 11, 14 proteins were up-regulated and 8 were down-regulated. Majority of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in the cell wall, main glycolytic pathways, the metabolism of amino acids and related molecules and some proteins of unknown function. A total of 40 differentially expressed protein spots corresponding to 33 proteins were identified; including GlcNAc-binding protein A, chitinase, endopeptidase lytE, flagellar hook-associated proteins and enolase. These proteins may play important roles in acclimation to alkaline media via reallocation of cell wall structure and changes to cell surface glycolytic enzymes, amino acid metabolism, flagellar hook-associated proteins and chaperones to sustain life under pH-stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- How Lie Ling
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaidah Rahmat
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Munir Abdul Murad
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Pandey V, Singh M, Pandey D, Marla S, Kumar A. Secretome Analysis Identifies Potential Pathogenicity/Virulence Factors of Tilletia indica, a Quarantined Fungal Pathogen Inciting Karnal Bunt Disease in Wheat. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700473. [PMID: 29508525 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tilletia indica is a smut fungus that incites Karnal bunt in wheat. It has been considered as quarantine pest in more than 70 countries. Despite its quarantine significance, there is meager knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Moreover, various disease management strategies have proven futile. Development of effective disease management strategy requires identification of pathogenicity/virulence factors. With this aim, the present study was conducted to compare the secretomes of T. indica isolates, that is, highly (TiK) and low (TiP) virulent isolates. About 120 and 95 protein spots were detected reproducibly in TiK and TiP secretome gel images. Nineteen protein spots, which were consistently observed as upregulated/differential in the secretome of TiK isolate, were selected for their identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Identified proteins exhibited homology with fungal proteins playing important role in fungal adhesion, penetration, invasion, protection against host-derived reactive oxygen species, production of virulence factors, cellular signaling, and degradation of host cell wall proteins and antifungal proteins. These results were complemented with T. indica genome sequence leading to identification of candidate pathogenicity/virulence factors homologs that were further subjected to sequence- and structure-based functional annotation. Thus, present study reports the first comparative secretome analysis of T. indica for identification of pathogenicity/virulence factors. This would provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms of T. indica and aid in devising effective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Marla
- Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand, India
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Li T, Wu Q, Wang Y, John A, Qu H, Gong L, Duan X, Zhu H, Yun Z, Jiang Y. Application of Proteomics for the Investigation of the Effect of Initial pH on Pathogenic Mechanisms of Fusarium proliferatum on Banana Fruit. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2327. [PMID: 29250043 PMCID: PMC5715366 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum is an important pathogen and causes a great economic loss to fruit industry. Environmental pH-value plays a regulatory role in fungi pathogenicity, however, the mechanism needs further exploration. In this study, F. proliferatum was cultured under two initial pH conditions of 5 and 10. No obvious difference was observed in the growth rate of F. proliferatum between two pH-values. F. proliferatum cultured under both pH conditions infected banana fruit successfully, and smaller lesion diameter was presented on banana fruit inoculated with pH 10-cultured fungi. Proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to investigate the changes in secretome of this fungus between pH 5 and 10. A total of 39 differential spots were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Compared to pH 5 condition, proteins related to cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) and proteolysis were significantly down-regulated at pH 10, while proteins related to oxidation-reduction process and transport were significantly up-regulated under pH 10 condition. Our results suggested that the downregulation of CWDEs and other virulence proteins in the pH 10-cultured F. proliferatum severely decreased its pathogenicity, compared to pH 5-cultured fungi. However, the alkaline environment did not cause a complete loss of the pathogenic ability of F. proliferatum, probably due to the upregulation of the oxidation-reduction related proteins at pH 10, which may partially compensate its pathogenic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qixian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhong Shan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhong Shan, China
| | - Afiya John
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Yun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Liu J, Sui Y, Wisniewski M, Xie Z, Liu Y, You Y, Zhang X, Sun Z, Li W, Li Y, Wang Q. The impact of the postharvest environment on the viability and virulence of decay fungi. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1681-1687. [PMID: 28140651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1279122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Postharvest decay of fruits, vegetables, and grains by fungal pathogens causes significant economic losses. Infected produce presents a potential health risk since some decay fungi produce mycotoxins that are hazardous to human health. Infections are the result of the interplay between host resistance and pathogen virulence. Both of these processes, however, are significantly impacted by environmental factors, such as temperature, UV, oxidative stress, and water activity. In the present review, the impact of various physical postharvest treatments (e.g., heat and UV) on the viability and virulence of postharvest pathogens is reviewed and discussed. Oxidative injury, protein impairment, and cell wall degradation have all been proposed as the mechanisms by which these abiotic stresses reduce fungal viability and pathogenicity. The response of decay fungi to pH and the ability of pathogens to modulate the pH of the host environment also affect pathogenicity. The effects of the manipulation of the postharvest environment by ethylene, natural edible coatings, and controlled atmosphere storage on fungal viability are also discussed. Lastly, avenues of future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | - Yuan Sui
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- b U. S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) , Kearneysville , West Virginia , USA
| | - Zhigang Xie
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | - Yuming You
- a Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology , College of Forestry & Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , China
| | | | - Zhiqiang Sun
- c Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Yantai , China
| | - Wenhua Li
- c Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Yantai , China
| | - Yan Li
- d Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Qi Wang
- d Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
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Proteomics analysis of Fusarium proliferatum under various initial pH during fumonisin production. J Proteomics 2017; 164:59-72. [PMID: 28522339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum as a fungal pathogen can produce fumonisin which causes a great threat to animal and human health. Proteomic approach was a useful tool for investigation into mycotoxin biosynthesis in fungal pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the fumonisin content and mycelium proteins of Fusarium proliferatum cultivated under the initial pH5 and 10. Fumonisin production after 10days was significantly induced in culture condition at pH10 than pH5. Ninety nine significantly differently accumulated protein spots under the two pH conditions were detected using two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 89 of these proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Among these 89 proteins, 45 were up-regulated at pH10 while 44 were up-accumulated at pH5. At pH10, these proteins were found to involve in the modification of fumonisin backbone including up-regulated polyketide synthase, cytochrome P450, S-adenosylmethionine synthase and O-methyltransferase, which might contribute to the induction of fumonisin production. At pH5, these up-regulated proteins such as l-amino-acid oxidase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and citrate lyase might inhibit the condensation of fumonisin backbone, resulting in reduced production of fumonisins. These results may help us to understand the molecular mechanism of the fumonisin synthesis in F. proliferatum. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE To extend our understanding of the mechanism of the fumonisin biosynthesis of F. proliferatum, we reported the fumonisin production in relation to the differential proteins of F. proliferatum mycelium under two pH culture conditions. Among these 89 identified spots, 45 were up-accumulated at pH10 while 44 were up-accumulated at pH5. Our results revealed that increased fumonisin production at pH10 might be related to the induction of fumonisin biosynthesis caused by up-regulation of polyketide synthase, cytochrome P450, S-adenosylmethionine synthase and O-methyltransferase. Meanwhile, the up-regulation of l-amino-acid oxidase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and citrate lyase at pH5 might be related to the inhibition of the condensation of fumonisin backbone, resulting in reduced production of fumonisin. These results may help us to understand better the molecular mechanism of the fumonisin synthesis in F. proliferatum and then broaden the current knowledge of the mechanism of the fumonisin biosynthesis.
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40
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da Rosa-Garzon NG, Laure HJ, Souza-Motta CMD, Rosa JC, Cabral H. Medium pH in submerged cultivation modulates differences in the intracellular protein profile of Fusarium oxysporum. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:664-672. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1303610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Gonsales da Rosa-Garzon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélen Julie Laure
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José César Rosa
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Barnabas L, Ashwin NMR, Kaverinathan K, Trentin AR, Pivato M, Sundar AR, Malathi P, Viswanathan R, Carletti P, Arrigoni G, Masi A, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. In vitro secretomic analysis identifies putative pathogenicity-related proteins of Sporisorium scitamineum - The sugarcane smut fungus. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:199-211. [PMID: 28215348 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sporisorium scitamineum, the sugarcane smut pathogen, relies predominantly on its secretome to successfully colonise its host, in accordance with other related smut fungi. Considering the significance of deciphering its secretome, we have examined alterations in the in vitro secretome of S. scitamineum in response to synthetic and sugarcane meristem tissue-amended growth media, so as to identify host signal responsive secretory proteins. Secretory proteins that were differentially abundant and exclusively secreted in response to host extract media were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Of the 16 differentially abundant and exclusively secreted proteins, nine proteins were identified. Among which, six were related to cell wall modification, morphogenesis, polysaccharide degradation, and carbohydrate metabolism. In planta gene expression profiling indicated that five in vitro secreted proteins were expressed in distinct patterns by S. scitamineum during different stages of infection with relatively higher expression at 1 day after inoculation, suggesting that these proteins could be aiding S. scitamineum at early time points in penetration and colonisation of sugarcane cells. The present study has provided insights into the alterations occurring in the secretome of S. scitamineum at in vitro conditions and has resulted in the identification of secretory proteins that are possibly associated with pathogenicity of the sugarcane smut fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Barnabas
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India
| | - N M R Ashwin
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India
| | - Kalimuthu Kaverinathan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India
| | - Anna Rita Trentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Micaela Pivato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Amalraj Ramesh Sundar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India.
| | - Palaniyandi Malathi
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India
| | - Rasappa Viswanathan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, 641 007 Coimbatore, India
| | - Paolo Carletti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Proteomics Center of Padova University, Via G. Orus 2/B, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, 44301 Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, 44301 Birgunj, Nepal; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences & Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, 305-8571 Ibaraki, Japan
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Li H, Zhang Z, He C, Qin G, Tian S. Comparative Proteomics Reveals the Potential Targets of BcNoxR, a Putative Regulatory Subunit of NADPH Oxidase of Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:990-1003. [PMID: 27898285 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0227-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex has been shown to play a crucial role in stress response and in the virulence of various fungal pathogens. The underlying molecular mechanisms of NOX, however, remain largely unknown. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis compared changes in protein abundance in wild-type Botrytis cinerea and ΔbcnoxR mutants in which the regulatory subunit of NOX was deleted. The ΔbcnoxR mutants exhibited reduced growth, sporulation, and impaired virulence. A total of 60 proteins, representing 49 individual genes, were identified in ΔbcnoxR mutants that exhibited significant differences in abundance relative to wild-type. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the differences in transcript levels for 36 of the genes encoding the identified proteins were in agreement with the proteomic analysis, while the remainder exhibited reverse levels. Functional analysis of four proteins that decreased abundance in the ΔbcnoxR mutants indicated that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (BcPGD) played a role in the growth and sporulation of B. cinerea. The Δbcpgd mutants also displayed impaired virulence on various hosts, such as apple, strawberry, and tomato fruit. These results suggest that NOX can influence the expression of BcPGD, which has an impact on growth, sporulation, and virulence of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; and
- 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; and
| | - Chang He
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; and
- 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; and
| | - Shiping Tian
- 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; and
- 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Frías M, González M, González C, Brito N. BcIEB1, a Botrytis cinerea secreted protein, elicits a defense response in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:115-124. [PMID: 27457989 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BcIEB1 is a very abundant protein in the secretome of Botrytis cinerea but it has no known function and no similarity to any characterized protein family. Previous results suggested that this protein is an elicitor of the plant defense system. In this work we have generated loss-of-function B. cinerea mutants lacking BcIEB1 and we have expressed the protein in yeast to assay its activity on plants. Analysis of the Δbcieb1 mutants did not result in any observable phenotype, including no difference in the virulence on a variety of hosts. However, when BcIEB1 was applied to plant tissues it produced necrosis as well as a whole range of symptoms: inhibition of seedling growth in Arabidopsis and tobacco, ion leakage from tobacco leaf disks, a ROS burst, cell death and autofluorescence in onion epidermis, as well as the expression of defense genes in tobacco. Moreover, tobacco plants treated with BcIEB1 showed an increased systemic resistance to B. cinerea. A small 35-amino acids peptide derived from a conserved region of BcIEB1 is almost as active on plants as the whole protein. These results clearly indicate that BcIEB1 elicits plant defenses, probably as a consequence of its recognition as a pathogen associated molecular pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Frías
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mario González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Celedonio González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Nélida Brito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Inhibitory mechanism of butylated hydroxyanisole against infection of Fusarium proliferatum based on comparative proteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2016; 148:1-11. [PMID: 27169933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fusarium proliferatum as a filamentous fungal pathogen can produce mycotoxins that can contaminate postharvest fruits and thus impact risks on human health. The extracellular proteomes of F. proliferatum grown in the absence and presence of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were analyzed comparatively. A total of 66 significantly different expressed secreted proteins were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The BHA treatment suppressed the accumulation of some pathogenic factors such as aspartic protease, cell wall degradation enzymes, porin, superoxide dismutase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. On the contrary, the BHA treatment increased the abundances of some proteins, such as ATP binding cassette transporter substrate-binding protein and lipopolysaccharide-assembly lipoprotein, involved in the growth of F. proliferatum. These findings suggest that BHA treatment could influence the pathogenic ability of F. proliferatum via inhibiting the levels of virulence factors and cell wall degradation-associated enzymes. Moreover, the induction of the growth-related proteins after the BHA treatment suggests that the livelihood of F. proliferatum might depend on the cost of reduced pathogenic ability. This study has provided some evidence for understanding the complicated mechanisms of F. proliferatum infection in an effort to develop new targets for the control of this fungal pathogen. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE To better understand the inhibitory mechanism of F. proliferatum by butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) treatment, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the secreted proteins of F. proliferatum was firstly conducted. Among the 66 identified spots, 34 and 32 proteins were down- and up-accumulated significantly by BHA treatment, respectively. Many of the identified key protein species were involved in the pathogenic ability and the growth of F. proliferatum. This study is helpful for broadening our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanism of F. proliferatum.
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Streptomyces aureochromogenes Under Different Carbon Sources and Insights into Polyoxin Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:491-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Li B, Peng H, Tian S. Attachment Capability of Antagonistic Yeast Rhodotorula glutinis to Botrytis cinerea Contributes to Biocontrol Efficacy. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:601. [PMID: 27199931 PMCID: PMC4853683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorula glutinis as an antagonism show good biocontrol performance against various post-harvest diseases in fruits. In the present study, strong attachment capability of R. glutinis to spores and hyphae of Botrytis cinerea was observed. Further analysis showed that certain protein components on the yeast cell surface played critical role during the interaction between R. glutinis and B. cinerea. The components mainly distributed at the poles of yeast cells and might contain glycosylation modification, as tunicamycin treated yeast cells lost attachment capability to B. cinerea. To investigate contributions of attachment capability of R. glutinis to its biocontrol efficacy, yeast cells were mutagenized with 3% methane-sulfonic acid ethyl ester (EMS), and a mutant CE4 with stable non-attaching phenotype was obtained. No significant difference was found on colony, cell morphology, reproductive ability, and capsule formation between the mutant and wild-type. However, there was a distinct difference in India ink positive staining patterns between the two strains. Moreover, wild-type strain of R. glutinis showed better performance on inhibiting spore germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea than CE4 strain when yeast cells and B. cinerea were co-cultured in vitro. In biocontrol assay, both wild-type and CE4 strains showed significant biocontrol efficacy against gray mold caused by B. cinerea in apple fruit, whereas, control effect of CE4 strain was lower than that of wild-type. Our findings provided new evidences that attachment capability of R. glutinis to B. cinerea contributed to its biocontrol efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Huaimin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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An B, Li B, Li H, Zhang Z, Qin G, Tian S. Aquaporin8 regulates cellular development and reactive oxygen species production, a critical component of virulence in Botrytis cinerea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1668-80. [PMID: 26527167 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are ubiquitous in nearly all organisms, mediating selective and rapid flux of water across biological membranes. The role of AQPs in phytopathogenic fungi is poorly understood. Orthologs of AQP genes in Botrytis cinerea were identified and knocked out. The effects of AQPs on hyphal growth and conidiation, formation of infection structures and virulence on plant hosts were examined. The role of AQP8 in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, distribution and transport were further determined. Among eight AQPs, only AQP8 was essential for the ability of B. cinerea to infect plants. AQP8 was demonstrated to be an intrinsic plasma membrane protein, which may function as a channel and mediate hydrogen peroxide uptake. Deletion of AQP8 in B. cinerea completely inhibited the development of conidia and infection structures, and significantly affected noxR expression. Further observations revealed that both AQP8 and noxR impacted ROS distribution in the hyphal tips of B. cinerea. Moreover, AQP8 affected the expression of a mitochondrial protein, NQO1. A knockout mutant of NQO1 was observed to display reduced virulence. These data lead to a better understanding of the important role of AQP8 in the development and pathogenesis of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang An
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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48
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Nguyen Van Long N, Joly C, Dantigny P. Active packaging with antifungal activities. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 220:73-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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AbuQamar SF, Moustafa K, Tran LSP. 'Omics' and Plant Responses to Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1658. [PMID: 27895649 PMCID: PMC5108755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a dangerous plant pathogenic fungus with wide host ranges. This aggressive pathogen uses multiple weapons to invade and cause serious damages on its host plants. The continuing efforts of how to solve the "puzzle" of the multigenic nature of B. cinerea's pathogenesis and plant defense mechanisms against the disease caused by this mold, the integration of omic approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, along with functional analysis could be a potential solution. Omic studies will provide a foundation for development of genetic manipulation and breeding programs that will eventually lead to crop improvement and protection. In this mini-review, we will highlight the current progresses in research in plant stress responses to B. cinerea using high-throughput omic technologies. We also discuss the opportunities that omic technologies can provide to research on B. cinerea-plant interactions as an example showing the impacts of omics on agricultural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, UAE
- *Correspondence: Synan F. AbuQamar, Lam-Son P. Tran, ;
| | | | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Synan F. AbuQamar, Lam-Son P. Tran, ;
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Dieryckx C, Gaudin V, Dupuy JW, Bonneu M, Girard V, Job D. Beyond plant defense: insights on the potential of salicylic and methylsalicylic acid to contain growth of the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:859. [PMID: 26528317 PMCID: PMC4607878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using Botrytis cinerea we confirmed in the present work several previous studies showing that salicylic acid, a main plant hormone, inhibits fungal growth in vitro. Such an inhibitory effect was also observed for the two salicylic acid derivatives, methylsalicylic and acetylsalicylic acid. In marked contrast, 5-sulfosalicylic acid was totally inactive. Comparative proteomics from treated vs. control mycelia showed that both the intracellular and extracellular proteomes were affected in the presence of salicylic acid or methylsalicylic acid. These data suggest several mechanisms that could potentially account for the observed fungal growth inhibition, notably pH regulation, metal homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration, ROS accumulation and cell wall remodeling. The present observations support a role played by the phytohormone SA and derivatives in directly containing the pathogen. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Dieryckx
- Laboratoire Mixte UMR 5240, Plateforme de Protéomique, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueLyon, France
| | - Vanessa Gaudin
- Laboratoire Mixte UMR 5240, Plateforme de Protéomique, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueLyon, France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- Plateforme Protéome, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Marc Bonneu
- Plateforme Protéome, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Girard
- Laboratoire Mixte UMR 5240, Plateforme de Protéomique, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueLyon, France
| | - Dominique Job
- Laboratoire Mixte UMR 5240, Plateforme de Protéomique, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueLyon, France
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