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Chen M, Miao G, Huo Z, Peng H, Wen X, Anton S, Zhang D, Hu G, Brock R, Brantley PJ, Zhao J. Longitudinal Profiling of Fasting Plasma Metabolome in Response to Weight-Loss Interventions in Patients with Morbid Obesity. Metabolites 2024; 14:116. [PMID: 38393008 PMCID: PMC10890440 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that patients with severe obesity exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in response to different types of weight-loss interventions. Those who undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) usually exhibit more favorable glycemic outcomes than those who receive adjustable gastric banding (BAND) or intensive medical intervention (IMI). The molecular mechanisms behind these observations, however, remain largely unknown. To identify the plasma metabolites associated with differential glycemic outcomes induced by weight-loss intervention, we studied 75 patients with severe obesity (25 each in RYGB, BAND, or IMI). Using untargeted metabolomics, we repeatedly measured 364 metabolites in plasma samples at baseline and 1-year after intervention. Linear regression was used to examine whether baseline metabolites or changes in metabolites are associated with differential glycemic outcomes in response to different types of weight-loss intervention, adjusting for sex, baseline age, and BMI as well as weight loss. Network analyses were performed to identify differential metabolic pathways involved in the observed associations. After correction for multiple testing (q < 0.05), 33 (RYGB vs. IMI) and 28 (RYGB vs. BAND) baseline metabolites were associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Longitudinal changes in 38 (RYGB vs. IMI) and 38 metabolites (RYGB vs. BAND) were significantly associated with changes in FPG or HbA1c. The identified metabolites are enriched in pathways involved in the biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA and branched-chain amino acids. Weight-loss intervention evokes extensive changes in plasma metabolites, and the altered metabolome may underlie the differential glycemic outcomes in response to different types of weight-loss intervention, independent of weight loss itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Guanhong Miao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Stephen Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Ricky Brock
- Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Phillip J Brantley
- Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
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Sargsyan N, Chen JY, Aggarwal R, Fadel MG, Fehervari M, Ashrafian H. The effects of bariatric surgery on cardiac function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:166-176. [PMID: 38007595 PMCID: PMC10824663 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with alterations in cardiac structure and haemodynamics leading to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Culminating evidence suggests improvement of cardiac structure and function following bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on cardiac structure and function in patients before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting pre- and postoperative cardiac structure and function parameters on cardiac imaging in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. RESULTS Eighty studies of 3332 patients were included. Bariatric surgery is associated with a statistically significant improvement in cardiac geometry and function including a decrease of 12.2% (95% CI 0.096-0.149; p < 0.001) in left ventricular (LV) mass index, an increase of 0.155 (95% CI 0.106-0.205; p < 0.001) in E/A ratio, a decrease of 2.012 mm (95% CI 1.356-2.699; p < 0.001) in left atrial diameter, a decrease of 1.16 mm (95% CI 0.62-1.69; p < 0.001) in LV diastolic dimension, and an increase of 1.636% (95% CI 0.706-2.566; p < 0.001) in LV ejection fraction after surgery. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery led to reverse remodelling and improvement in cardiac geometry and function driven by metabolic and haemodynamic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narek Sargsyan
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Jun Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ravi Aggarwal
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael G Fadel
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matyas Fehervari
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- Department of General Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wang M, Huang Y, Xin M, Li T, Wang X, Fang Y, Liang S, Cai T, Xu X, Dong L, Wang C, Xu Z, Song X, Li J, Zheng Y, Sun W, Li L. The impact of microbially modified metabolites associated with obesity and bariatric surgery on antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156471. [PMID: 37266441 PMCID: PMC10230250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with the occurrence and development of many types of cancers. Patients with obesity and cancer present with features of a disordered gut microbiota and metabolism, which may inhibit the physiological immune response to tumors and possibly damage immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, bariatric surgery has become increasingly common and is recognized as an effective strategy for long-term weight loss; furthermore, bariatric surgery can induce favorable changes in the gut microbiota. Some studies have found that microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inosine bile acids and spermidine, play an important role in anticancer immunity. In this review, we describe the changes in microbial metabolites initiated by bariatric surgery and discuss the effects of these metabolites on anticancer immunity. This review attempts to clarify the relationship between alterations in microbial metabolites due to bariatric surgery and the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Furthermore, this review seeks to provide strategies for the development of microbial metabolites mimicking the benefits of bariatric surgery with the aim of improving therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients who have not received bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Tianxing Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yini Fang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengbao Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Huang S, Lan Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhou Z. The Early Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiac Structure and Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2023; 33:453-468. [PMID: 36508155 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis was performed to investigate how cardiac structures and functions change in the very early stage after bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We thoroughly searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for articles including patients who underwent bariatric surgery and examined the changes of their cardiac indices. Results were pooled by using Review Manager 5.1 and Stata 12.0. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained. The I-squared (I2) test was used to determine the heterogeneity between studies. To identify publication bias, funnel plots and Egger's test were utilized. The leave-one-out method was used to conduct sensitivity analysis. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, 24 research including 942 patients were considered. According to our findings, most cardiac indices changed 3-6 months following bariatric surgery. An improvement in cardiac geometry was reflected by a reduction in left ventricular mass (LVM) (WMD = - 22.06, 95% CI = (- 27.97, - 16.16)). The left ventricular diastolic function improved, as reflected by the decrease in the E/e' ratio (WMD = - 0.90, 95% CI = (- 1.83, - 0.16)). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) did not show an obvious change (WMD = 0.94, 95% CI = (- 0.19, 2.07)), while a more sensitive indicator of left ventricular systolic function, left ventricular longitudinal strain (LV LS), increased (WMD = - 2.43, 95% CI = (- 3.96, - 0.89)). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis includes the newest and most comprehensive cardiac indices to prove that cardiac structures and functions are improved early after bariatric surgery, which has not been reported by any other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanya Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Lan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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5
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Lyu X, Yan K, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhu H, Pan H, Lin G, Wang L, Yang H, Gong F. The characterization of metabolites alterations in white adipose tissue of diabetic GK Rats after ileal transposition surgery by an untargeted metabolomics approach. Adipocyte 2021; 10:275-284. [PMID: 33975515 PMCID: PMC8118414 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1926139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of adipose tissue could lead to insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, our present study aimed to investigate metabolites alterations in white adipose tissue (WAT) of diabetic GK rats after IT surgery. Ten-week-old male diabetic GK rats were randomly subjected to IT and Sham-IT surgery. Six weeks later, the untargeted metabolomics in WAT of diabetic GK rats was performed. Differential metabolites were selected according to the coefficient of variation (CV) of quality control (QC) sample <30%, variable importance in the projection (VIP) >1 and P < 0.05. Then, the hierarchical clustering of differential metabolites was conducted and the KEGG database was used for metabolic pathway analysis. A total of 50 (in positive ion mode) and 68 (in negative ion mode) metabolites were identified as differential metabolites in WAT of diabetic GK rats between IT group and Sham-IT group, respectively. These differential metabolites were well clustered, which in descending order of the number of involved differential metabolites is ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, AMPK signalling pathway, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, ferroptosis, vitamin digestion and absorption, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and bile secretion, and correlated with the parameters of body weight, food intake, WAT mass and glucose metabolism, which were significantly improved after IT surgery. The differential metabolites in WAT of diabetic GK rats were mainly related to the pathway of energy metabolism, and correlated with the improved phenotypes of diabetic GK rats after IT surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Lyu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Kemin Yan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Hui Pan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Guole Lin
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Fengying Gong
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
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6
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Lee SJ, Park YS, Kim YJ, Han SU, Hwang GS, Han Y, Heo Y, Ha E, Ha TK. Changes in Trimethylamine-N-oxide Levels in Obese Patients following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Korean Obesity Surgical Treatment Study (KOBESS). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215091. [PMID: 34768610 PMCID: PMC8584728 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbe-dependent metabolite, has been implicated as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular events related to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis if TMAO is associated with the reduction of cardiovascular disease in the Korean obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. From a subgroup of a multicenter, nonrandomized, controlled trial, titled KOBESS, 38 obese patients, 18 with and 20 without T2DM, who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) were investigated. Bariatric surgery is indicated for Korean patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 or for Korean patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 who have comorbidities. Serum levels of TMAO and its precursors, betaine, carnitine, and choline were measured before and six months after bariatric surgery. The levels of TMAO and its precursors did not differ between obese patients with T2DM and non-T2DM at baseline. However, TMAO increased more than twofold in patients with T2DM after RYGB surgery, but not in patients without T2DM. Choline levels were decreased by half in all patients after RYGB. In patients with T2DM who underwent SG, TMAO, betaine, and carnitine levels did not change after the surgery. Furthermore, in obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery, increased TMAO levels were associated with both T2DM and RYGB, while reduced choline levels were associated with RYGB. These associations need to be further elucidated in follow-up studies to gain further insights into the relationship between TMAO levels and bariatric surgery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Young Suk Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, H Plus Yangji Hospital, Seoul 08779, Korea;
| | - Sang-Uk Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 24341, Korea; (G.-S.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yeyoung Han
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 24341, Korea; (G.-S.H.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (T.K.H.); Tel.: +82-2-2290-8444 (T.K.H.); Fax: +82-2-2281-0224 (T.K.H.)
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04764, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (T.K.H.); Tel.: +82-2-2290-8444 (T.K.H.); Fax: +82-2-2281-0224 (T.K.H.)
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Mehmood K, Moin A, Hussain T, Rizvi SMD, Gowda DV, Shakil S, Kamal MA. Can manipulation of gut microbiota really be transformed into an intervention strategy for cardiovascular disease management? Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:897-916. [PMID: 34699042 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancement in manipulation techniques of gut microbiota either ex vivo or in situ has broadened its plausible applicability for treating various diseases including cardiovascular disease. Several reports suggested that altering gut microbiota composition is an effective way to deal with issues associated with managing cardiovascular diseases. However, actual translation of gut microbiota manipulation-based techniques into cardiovascular-therapeutic approach is still questionable. This review summarized the evidence on challenges, opportunities, recent development, and future prospects of gut microbiota manipulation for targeting cardiovascular diseases. Initially, issues associated with current cardiovascular diseases treatment strategy, association of gut microbiota with cardiovascular disease, and its influence on cardiovascular drugs were discussed, followed by applicability of gut microbiota manipulation as a cardiovascular disease intervention strategy along with its challenges and future prospects. Despite the fact that the gut microbiota is rugged, interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, fecal virome transplantation, antibiotics, diet changes, and exercises could manipulate it. Advanced techniques like administration of engineered bacteriophages and bacteria could also be employed. Intensive exploration revealed that if sufficiently controlled approach and proper monitoring were applied, gut microbiota could provide a compelling answer for cardiovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Pakistan
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia.
| | - D V Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics 7 Peterlee Place, NSW, 2770, Hebersham, Australia.,Novel Global Community, Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
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8
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Magouliotis DE, Fergadi MP, Zacharoulis D. The Significant Hormonal Traits of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Are Further Supported Using Three-Dimensional MDCT Gastrography. Obes Surg 2021; 31:2291-2292. [PMID: 33393000 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios E Magouliotis
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria P Fergadi
- Department of Radiology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitris Zacharoulis
- Department of Surgery, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece.
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9
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Yan K, Chen W, Zhu H, Lin G, Sun W, Liu X, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Liu M, Gong F. The Changes of Serum Metabolites in Diabetic GK Rats after Ileal Transposition Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 29:882-890. [PMID: 30397878 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileal transposition (IT) surgery could improve metabolism. Metabolomics has been applied comprehensively in analyzing the global dynamic alterations of metabolites. In the present study, we aimed to investigate serum metabolite alterations in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats after IT surgery. METHODS Male GK rats were subjected to IT and Sham-IT surgery. Six weeks later, body weight, food intake, fat mass, and serum biochemical parameters were measured. The serum metabolomic fingerprint was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based, non-targeted metabolomic approach. The differential metabolites were identified using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed using HMDB and KEGG databases. RESULTS The body weight, food intake, fat mass, serum levels of glucose and insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of IT rats were significantly decreased when compared with Sham-IT rats (all P < 0.05). In the metabolomics analysis, ten serum differential metabolites were identified. Compared with Sham-IT rats, serum LysoPC(O-18:0) and PG(20:4/20:0) of IT rats were decreased, while genistein 4'-O-glucuronide, 5,6:8,9-Diepoxyergost-22-ene-3,7beta-diol, PI(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), docosapentaenoic acid, 3-Oxo-4,6-choladienoic acid, 3-Oxocholic acid, and TG were increased. Pathway analysis highlighted the following pathways: ether lipid metabolism, alpha linolenic acid and linolenic acid metabolism, incretin synthesis and secretion, free fatty acid receptors, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS IT surgery could significantly decrease body weight and fat mass and improve glucose metabolism in diabetic GK rats. These beneficial effects might be related to the changes of serum metabolites which involved in lipid metabolism, bile acids, and incretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guole Lin
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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10
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Balamoun HA, Ibrahim MY, Hassan AM, Torfa KM, El Hawary MS, Sharaf SA. Glycemic Control Changes After Sleeve Gastrectomy. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/bari.2019.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hany A. Balamoun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y. Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Torfa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. El Hawary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar A. Sharaf
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Patholgy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Bariatric procedure selection in patients with type 2 diabetes: choice between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:332-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Llauradó G, Keiran N, Benaiges E, Astiarraga B, Martínez L, Pellitero S, González-Clemente JM, Rodríguez A, Fernández-Real JM, Lecube A, Megía A, Vilarrasa N, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Preoperative Circulating Succinate Levels as a Biomarker for Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1956-1965. [PMID: 31375523 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the potential use of baseline circulating succinate to predict type 2 diabetes remission after bariatric surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-five obese patients with diabetes were randomly assigned to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or laparoscopic greater curvature plication. Anthropometric parameters were evaluated, and a complete biochemical analysis including circulating serum succinate concentrations was performed at baseline and 1 year after surgery. The results were externally validated in a second cohort including 88 obese patients with diabetes assigned to RYGB or SG based on clinical criteria. RESULTS Succinate baseline concentrations were an independent predictor of diabetes remission after bariatric surgery. Patients achieving remission after 1 year had lower levels of baseline succinate (47.8 [37.6-64.6] µmol/L vs. 64.1 [52.5-82.9] µmol/L; P = 0.018). Moreover, succinate concentrations were significantly decreased 1 year after surgery (58.9 [46.4-82.4] µmol/L vs. 46.0 [35.8-65.3] µmol/L, P = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, the best logistic regression model showed that baseline succinate (odds ratio [OR] 11.3, P = 0.031) and the type of surgery (OR 26.4, P = 0.010) were independently associated with remission. The C-statistic for this model was 0.899 (95% CI 0.809-0.989) in the derivation cohort, which significantly improved the prediction of remission compared with current available scores, and 0.729 (95% CI 0.612-0.846) in the validation cohort. Interestingly, patients had a different response to the type of surgery according to baseline succinate, with significant differences in remission rates. CONCLUSIONS Circulating succinate is reduced after bariatric surgery. Baseline succinate levels have predictive value for diabetes remission independently of previously described presurgical factors and improve upon the current available scores to predict remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Llauradó
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Keiran
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Benaiges
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Brenno Astiarraga
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and ISCIII, Girona, Spain
| | - Laia Martínez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel González-Clemente
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and ISCIII, Girona, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Megía
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Obesity Unit and Endocrinology and Nutrition Departments, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain .,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Rovira I Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain .,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Savedoroudi P, Bennike TB, Kastaniegaard K, Talebpour M, Ghassempour A, Stensballe A. Serum proteome changes and accelerated reduction of fat mass after laparoscopic gastric plication in morbidly obese patients. J Proteomics 2019; 203:103373. [PMID: 31054967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic Gastric Plication (LGP) is a relatively new bariatric surgical procedure which no part of the stomach is removed. It is not clearly understood how LGP leads to fatty tissue reduction. We aimed to investigate the impact of LGP on serum proteome and understand molecular mechanisms of LGP-induced weight loss post-surgery. A Prospective observational study of 16 obese individuals who underwent LGP was performed. A Label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics approach was used to compare serum proteome of subjects before surgery with serum of the same individuals 1 to 2 months post-surgery (T1) and 4 to 5 months post-surgery (T2). The proteome analysis revealed that 48 proteins were differentially regulated between pre-surgery and T1, and seven proteins between pre-surgery and T2 of which six proteins were shared between the two timepoints. Among differentially regulated proteins, four proteins (SRGN, FETUB, LCP1 and CFP) have not previously been described in the context of BMI/weight loss. Despite few differences following LGP, most regulated serum proteins are in accordance with alternative weight loss procedures. Pathway analysis revealed changes to lipid- and inflammatory pathways, including PPARα/RXRα, LXR/RXR and FXR/RXR activation, especially at T1. At T2, the pathways related to inflammation and immune system are most affected. SIGNIFICANCE: Among the available clinical therapies for morbid obesity, bariatric surgery is considered as the most effective approach to achieve long-term weight loss, alongside a significant improvement in metabolic syndrome. However, very little is known about the underlying mechanism associated with significant weight loss post-surgery. Understanding such mechanisms could lead to development of safer non-surgical weight loss approaches. We here present the first analysis of the impact of LGP on the serum proteome, to bring new insights into the underlying molecular mechanism. Our findings indicate that LGP has a comprehensive systemic effect based on the blood serum proteome profile which might account for accelerated reduction of fat mass after surgery, thus, food restriction is not the only reason for weight loss following this unique surgical approach. As secretory regions of the stomach are preserved in LGP and it is associated with minimal physiological and anatomical changes, the findings are of high importance in the field of bariatric surgery and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Savedoroudi
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
| | - Tue Bjerg Bennike
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
| | | | - Mohammad Talebpour
- Laparoscopic Surgery Ward, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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14
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Forkosh E, Ilan Y. The heart-gut axis: new target for atherosclerosis and congestive heart failure therapy. Open Heart 2019; 6:e000993. [PMID: 31168383 PMCID: PMC6519415 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota has been identified as a possible novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The intestinal microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and heart failure. Even though studies in rodents suggested that gut microbes may affect the risk of heart disease, this link has not been shown in humans. In the present study, we review several potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiome and bacterial translocation are associated with the development of cardiac disorders making them potential targets for novel therapeutic measures for these conditions. Modulation of the gut microbiota as a mechanism for altering the pathogenesis of disorders is an area of growing interest. Alteration in the gut microbiota is being explored as a method of reducing risk factors associated with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Forkosh
- Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Wijayatunga NN, Sams VG, Dawson JA, Mancini ML, Mancini GJ, Moustaid‐Moussa N. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery alters serum metabolites and fatty acids in patients with morbid obesity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3045. [PMID: 30003682 PMCID: PMC6238211 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bariatric surgery induces significant weight loss, increases insulin sensitivity, and reduces mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. It was hypothesized that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery improves metabolic profile along with weight loss. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate changes in serum metabolites and fatty acids (FA) at 2 weeks and 6 months after RYGB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples were collected pre-surgery, at 2 weeks and 6 months post-surgery from 20 patients undergoing RYGB surgery. Serum non-esterified free FA (NEFA) were measured. Serum metabolites and FA were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and improved direct fatty acid methyl ester synthesis and the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method, respectively, in subjects who completed follow-up at 6 months (n = 8). RESULTS Mean (standard deviation) percent total weight loss was 6.70% (1.7) and 24.91% (6.63) at 2 weeks (n = 15) and 6 months (n = 8) post-surgery, respectively. NEFA were significantly reduced at 6 months post-surgery (P = 0.001, n = 8). Serum branched chain amino acids, 2-aminobutyrate, butyrate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, 2-methylglutarate, and 2-oxoisocaproate were significantly reduced, while serum alanine, glycine, pyruvate, and taurine were significantly elevated at 6 months post-surgery compared with pre-surgery (n = 8, P < 0.05). Also, serum FA C10:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, and C18:0 increased significantly (n = 8, P < 0.05) by 6 months post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS Changes in serum metabolites and FA at 6 months post-RYGB surgery in this pilot study with limited number of participants are suggestive of metabolic improvement; larger studies are warranted for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie G. Sams
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Medical Center KnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - John A. Dawson
- Department of Nutritional SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
- Obesity Research ClusterTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
- Center for Biotechnology and GenomicsTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
| | - Matthew L. Mancini
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Medical Center KnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Gregory J. Mancini
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Medical Center KnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Naima Moustaid‐Moussa
- Department of Nutritional SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
- Obesity Research ClusterTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA
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16
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Eblimit Z, Thevananther S, Karpen SJ, Taegtmeyer H, Moore DD, Adorini L, Penny DJ, Desai MS. TGR5 activation induces cytoprotective changes in the heart and improves myocardial adaptability to physiologic, inotropic, and pressure-induced stress in mice. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 36:e12462. [PMID: 30070769 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Administration of cholic acid, or its synthetic derivative, 6-alpha-ethyl-23(S)-methylcholic acid (INT-777), activates the membrane GPCR, TGR5, influences whole body metabolism, reduces atherosclerosis, and benefits the cardiovascular physiology in mice. Direct effects of TGR5 agonists, and the role for TGR5, on myocardial cell biology and stress response are unknown. METHODS Mice were fed chow supplemented with 0.5% cholic acid (CA) or 0.025% INT-777, a specific TGR5 agonist, or regular chow for 3 weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical, physiologic (electrocardiography and echocardiography), and molecular analysis was performed at baseline. CA and INT-777 fed mice were challenged with acute exercise-induced stress, acute catecholamine-induced stress, and hemodynamic stress induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for a period of 8 weeks. In separate experiments, mice born with constitutive deletion of TGR5 in cardiomyocytes (CM-TGR5del ) were exposed to exercise, inotropic, and TAC-induced stress. RESULTS Administration of CA and INT-777 supplemented diets upregulated TGR5 expression and activated Akt, PKA, and ERK1/2 in the heart. CA and INT-777 fed mice showed improved exercise tolerance, improved sensitivity to catecholamine and attenuation in pathologic remodeling of the heart under hemodynamic stress. In contrast, CM-TGR5del showed poor response to exercise and catecholamine challenge as well as higher mortality and signs of accelerated cardiomyopathy under hemodynamic stress. CONCLUSIONS Bile acids, specifically TGR5 agonists, induce cytoprotective changes in the heart and improve myocardial response to physiologic, inotropic, and hemodynamic stress in mice. TGR5 plays a critical role in myocardial adaptability, and TGR5 activation may represent a potentially attractive treatment option in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeena Eblimit
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Saul J Karpen
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David D Moore
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Daniel J Penny
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Moreshwar S Desai
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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17
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Aminian A. Sleeve Gastrectomy: Metabolic Surgical Procedure of Choice? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:531-534. [PMID: 29804898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are fairly similar in terms of their long-term effects on excess body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors, and quality of life. However, SG appears to be a safer procedure with distinct metabolic advantages, which can be even better than gastric bypass in some aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aminian
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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18
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“Gear mechanism” of bariatric interventions revealed by untargeted metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:219-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Samczuk P, Ciborowski M, Kretowski A. Application of Metabolomics to Study Effects of Bariatric Surgery. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:6270875. [PMID: 29713650 PMCID: PMC5866882 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6270875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery was born in the 1950s at the University of Minnesota. From this time, it continues to evolve and, by the same token, gives new or better possibilities to treat not only obesity but also associated comorbidities. Metabolomics is also a relatively young science discipline, and similarly, it shows great potential for the comprehensive study of the dynamic alterations of the metabolome. It has been widely used in medicine, biology studies, biomarker discovery, and prognostic evaluations. Currently, several dozen metabolomics studies were performed to study the effects of bariatric surgery. LC-MS and NMR are the most frequently used techniques to study main effects of RYGB or SG. Research has yield many interesting results involving not only clinical parameters but also molecular modulations. Detected changes pertain to amino acid, lipids, carbohydrates, or gut microbiota alterations. It proves that including bariatric surgery to metabolic surgery is warranted. However, many molecular modulations after those procedures remain unexplained. Therefore, application of metabolomics to study this field seems to be a proper solution. New findings can suggest new directions of surgery technics modifications, contribute to broadening knowledge about obesity and diseases related to it, and perhaps develop nonsurgical methods of treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Samczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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20
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Vorkas PA, Abellona U MR, Li JV. Tissue Multiplatform-Based Metabolomics/Metabonomics for Enhanced Metabolome Coverage. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1738:239-260. [PMID: 29654595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7643-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of tissue as a matrix to elucidate disease pathology or explore intervention comes with several advantages. It allows investigation of the target alteration directly at the focal location and facilitates the detection of molecules that could become elusive after secretion into biofluids. However, tissue metabolomics/metabonomics comes with challenges not encountered in biofluid analyses. Furthermore, tissue heterogeneity does not allow for tissue aliquoting. Here we describe a multiplatform, multi-method workflow which enables metabolic profiling analysis of tissue samples, while it can deliver enhanced metabolome coverage. After applying a dual consecutive extraction (organic followed by aqueous), tissue extracts are analyzed by reversed-phase (RP-) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC-) ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This pipeline incorporates the required quality control features, enhances versatility, allows provisional aliquoting of tissue extracts for future guided analyses, expands the range of metabolites robustly detected, and supports data integration. It has been successfully employed for the analysis of a wide range of tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Vorkas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - M R Abellona U
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jia V Li
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
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21
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Magouliotis DE, Tasiopoulou VS, Sioka E, Chatedaki C, Zacharoulis D. Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Metabolic and Gut Microbiota Profile: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2017; 27:1345-1357. [PMID: 28265960 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aim to review the available literature on obese patients treated with bariatric procedures, in order to assess their effect on the metabolic and gut microbiota profiles. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane library, and Scopus databases, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-two studies (562 patients) met the inclusion criteria. This study points to significant amelioration of postoperative levels of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, HOMA-IR, food intake, and diabetes remission. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) decreased, while trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO); glucagon-like peptide 1, 2 (GLP-1, GLP-2); and peptide YY (PYY) increased postoperatively. Postoperative gut microbiota was similar to that of lean and less obese objects. Well-designed randomized trials are necessary to further assess the host metabolic-microbial cross-talk after bariatric procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki S Tasiopoulou
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Sioka
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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22
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Mazidi M, de Caravatto PPP, Speakman JR, Cohen RV. Mechanisms of Action of Surgical Interventions on Weight-Related Diseases: the Potential Role of Bile Acids. Obes Surg 2017; 27:826-836. [PMID: 28091894 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surgical interventions for weight-related diseases (SWRD) may have substantial and sustainable effect on weight reduction, also leading to a higher remission rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus than any other medical treatment or lifestyle intervention. The resolution of T2D after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) typically occurs too quickly to be accounted for by weight loss alone, suggesting that these operations have a direct impact on glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects however remain unclear. Recent research suggests that changes in the concentrations of plasma bile acids might contribute to these metabolic changes after surgery. In this review, we aimed to outline the potential role of bile acids in SWRD. We systematically reviewed MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science for articles reporting the effect of SWRD on outcomes published between 1969 and 2016. We found that changes in circulating bile acids after surgery may play a major role through activation of the farnesoid X receptor A (FXRA), the fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5). Bile acid concentration increased significantly after RYGB. Some studies suggest that a transitory decrease occurs at 1 week post-surgery, followed by a gradual increase. Most studies have shown the increase to be proportionate by all bile acid subtypes. Bile acids can regulate glucose metabolism through the expression of TGR5 receptor in L cells, resulting in a release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). It may also induce the synthesis and secretion of FGF19 in ileal cells, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and regulating glucose metabolism. All the present SWRD are involved with changes in food stimulation to the stomach. This implies that discovering and developing the antagonists to TGR5 and FXRA may effectively control metabolic syndrome and the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the physiological effects related to weight loss and T2D remission after surgery may help to identify new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro Paulo P de Caravatto
- The Center for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, Rua Cincinato Braga, 37 5o. andar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Ricardo V Cohen
- The Center for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, Rua Cincinato Braga, 37 5o. andar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Mallick H, Ma S, Franzosa EA, Vatanen T, Morgan XC, Huttenhower C. Experimental design and quantitative analysis of microbial community multiomics. Genome Biol 2017; 18:228. [PMID: 29187204 PMCID: PMC5708111 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the microbiome have become increasingly sophisticated, and multiple sequence-based, molecular methods as well as culture-based methods exist for population-scale microbiome profiles. To link the resulting host and microbial data types to human health, several experimental design considerations, data analysis challenges, and statistical epidemiological approaches must be addressed. Here, we survey current best practices for experimental design in microbiome molecular epidemiology, including technologies for generating, analyzing, and integrating microbiome multiomics data. We highlight studies that have identified molecular bioactives that influence human health, and we suggest steps for scaling translational microbiome research to high-throughput target discovery across large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himel Mallick
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Xochitl C Morgan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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24
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Mazidi M, Rezaie P, Jangjoo A, Tavassoli A, Rajabi MT, Kengne AP, Nematy M. Effect of bariatric surgery on adiposity and metabolic profiles: A prospective cohort study in Middle-Eastern patients. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:374-380. [PMID: 28751961 PMCID: PMC5507835 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i7.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate changes in adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk profile following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients of Middle Eastern ethnicity with severe obesity. METHODS This prospective cohort study involved 92 patients who met the indications of bariatric surgery. Post-procedure markers of obesity and cardiometabolic profile were monitored regularly for a year. RESULTS Mean body mass index decreased by 29.5% from 41.9 to 29.5 kg/m2 between baseline and 12-mo follow-up, while mean fat mass decreased by 45.9% from 64.2 kg to 34.7 kg. An improvement was also observed in the gluco-metabolic profile with both fasting glucose and HbA1c substantially decreasing (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study shows the short to medium term (1 year) health benefits of bariatric surgery for patients of Middle Eastern ethnicity.
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25
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Increased Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels After Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery-Should We Worry About It? Obes Surg 2017; 27:2170-2173. [PMID: 28601986 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Chen M, Yang F, Kang J, Gan H, Lai X, Gao Y. Metabolomic investigation into molecular mechanisms of a clinical herb prescription against metabolic syndrome by a systematic approach. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09779d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provided an effective and comprehensive approach for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of Mets and therapeutic mechanisms of WDD in treatment of Mets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350122
- China
| | - Huijuan Gan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350122
- China
| | - Xinmei Lai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350122
- China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
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27
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Narath SH, Mautner SI, Svehlikova E, Schultes B, Pieber TR, Sinner FM, Gander E, Libiseller G, Schimek MG, Sourij H, Magnes C. An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach to Characterize Short-Term and Long-Term Metabolic Changes after Bariatric Surgery. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161425. [PMID: 27584017 PMCID: PMC5008721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is currently one of the most effective treatments for obesity and leads to significant weight reduction, improved cardiovascular risk factors and overall survival in treated patients. To date, most studies focused on short-term effects of bariatric surgery on the metabolic profile and found high variation in the individual responses to surgery. The aim of this study was to identify relevant metabolic changes not only shortly after bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) but also up to one year after the intervention by using untargeted metabolomics. 132 serum samples taken from 44 patients before surgery, after hospital discharge (1-3 weeks after surgery) and at a 1-year follow-up during a prospective study (NCT01271062) performed at two study centers (Austria and Switzerland). The samples included 24 patients with type 2 diabetes at baseline, thereof 9 with diabetes remission after one year. The samples were analyzed by using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS, HILIC-QExactive). Raw data was processed with XCMS and drift-corrected through quantile regression based on quality controls. 177 relevant metabolic features were selected through Random Forests and univariate testing and 36 metabolites were identified. Identified metabolites included trimethylamine-N-oxide, alanine, phenylalanine and indoxyl-sulfate which are known markers for cardiovascular risk. In addition we found a significant decrease in alanine after one year in the group of patients with diabetes remission relative to non-remission. Our analysis highlights the importance of assessing multiple points in time in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery to enable the identification of biomarkers for treatment response, cardiovascular benefit and diabetes remission. Key-findings include different trend pattern over time for various metabolites and demonstrated that short term changes should not necessarily be used to identify important long term effects of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie H. Narath
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Selma I. Mautner
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Graz, Austria
- CBmed – Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Svehlikova
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Schultes
- eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Pieber
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Graz, Austria
- CBmed – Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Frank M. Sinner
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Graz, Austria
| | - Edgar Gander
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunnar Libiseller
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael G. Schimek
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Graz, Austria
- CBmed – Center of Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Magnes
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH HEALTH Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria
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28
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Fouladi F, Mitchell JE, Wonderlich JA, Steffen KJ. The Contributing Role of Bile Acids to Metabolic Improvements After Obesity and Metabolic Surgery. Obes Surg 2016; 26:2492-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Many strategies have been used in the past to combat these two conditions, but very few provide for stable and durable glycemic control. Bariatric surgery has emerged as a powerful tool for treating obesity and in over 70 % of cases provides a short-term cure for diabetes. While the acute metabolic effects of surgery are striking, it remains important for us to also consider the long-term effects. This review aims to summarize the chronic or long-term metabolic and physiological effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on pancreatic function, skeletal muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity, and gastrointestinal remodeling. An increased understanding of the current state of research in these areas can provide the basis for stimulating further research that would contribute to new treatment and management strategies for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Mosinski
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Metabolic Translational Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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30
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Luo P, Yu H, Zhao X, Bao Y, Hong CS, Zhang P, Tu Y, Yin P, Gao P, Wei L, Zhuang Z, Jia W, Xu G. Metabolomics Study of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery (RYGB) to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Patients Based on Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1288-99. [PMID: 26889720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most effective treatments for long-term weight loss and diabetes remission; however, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not clearly understood. In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of 23 remission and 12 nonremission patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were measured at baseline, 6- and 12-months after RYGB. A metabolomics analysis was performed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical improvements in insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and inflammation were related to metabolic alterations of free fatty acids (FFAs), acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, and lipids species. Differential metabolic profiles were observed between the two T2DM subgroups, and patients with severity fat accumulation and oxidation stress may be more suitable for RYGB. Baseline levels of tryptophan, bilirubin, and indoxyl sulfate measured prior to surgery as well as levels of FFA 16:0, FFA 18:3, FFA 17:2, and hippuric acid measured at 6 months after surgery best predicted the suitability and efficacy of RYGB for patients with T2DM. These metabolites represent potential biomarkers that may be clinically helpful in individualized treatment for T2DM patients by RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Christopher S Hong
- National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yinfang Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Surgical Neurology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus , Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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31
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Trøseid M, Hov JR, Nestvold TK, Thoresen H, Berge RK, Svardal A, Lappegård KT. Major Increase in Microbiota-Dependent Proatherogenic Metabolite TMAO One Year After Bariatric Surgery. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:197-201. [PMID: 27081744 PMCID: PMC4841908 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is formed in the liver from trimethylamine (TMA), a product exclusively generated by the gut microbiota from dietary phosphatidylcholine and carnitine. An alternative pathway of TMAO formation from carnitine is via the microbiota-dependent intermediate γ-butyrobetaine (γBB). Elevated TMAO levels are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about TMAO in obesity. Given the proposed contribution of microbiota alterations in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), we investigated the potential impact of obesity, lifestyle-induced weight loss, and bariatric surgery on plasma levels of TMAO, its microbiota-dependent intermediate γBB, and its diet-dependent precursors carnitine and choline. METHODS TMAO, γBB, carnitine, and choline were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 34 obese individuals (17 with and 17 without T2D) undergoing bariatric surgery and 17 controls. RESULTS TMAO was not elevated in obese patients or reduced by lifestyle interventions but increased approximately twofold after bariatric surgery. Similar to TMAO, plasma levels of γBB were not influenced by lifestyle interventions but increased moderately after bariatric surgery. In contrast, carnitine and choline, which are abundant in nutrients, such as in red meat and eggs, and not microbiota dependent, were reduced after lifestyle interventions and rebounded after bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS The major increase in TMAO after bariatric surgery was unexpected because high TMAO levels have been linked to CVD, whereas bariatric surgery is known to reduce CVD risk. Prospective studies of gut microbiota composition and related metabolites in relation to long-term cardiovascular risk after bariatric surgery are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- 1 Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway .,2 Research Institute of Internal Medicine , Oslo, Norway .,3 K.G. Jebsen Centre for Inflammation Research , Oslo, Norway .,4 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes R Hov
- 2 Research Institute of Internal Medicine , Oslo, Norway .,3 K.G. Jebsen Centre for Inflammation Research , Oslo, Norway .,4 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway .,5 Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway .,6 Norwegian PSC Research Center , Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanne Thoresen
- 8 Department of Radiology, Nordland Hospital , Bodø, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- 9 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway .,10 Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Svardal
- 9 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Tore Lappegård
- 11 Department of Medicine, Nordland Hospital , Bodø, Norway .,12 University of Tromsø , Tromsø, Norway
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32
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Hertel J, Friedrich N, Wittfeld K, Pietzner M, Budde K, Van der Auwera S, Lohmann T, Teumer A, Völzke H, Nauck M, Grabe HJ. Measuring Biological Age via Metabonomics: The Metabolic Age Score. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:400-10. [PMID: 26652958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronological age is one of the most important risk factors for adverse clinical outcome. Still, two individuals at the same chronological age could have different biological aging states, leading to different individual risk profiles. Capturing this individual variance could constitute an even more powerful predictor enhancing prediction in age-related morbidity. Applying a nonlinear regression technique, we constructed a metabonomic measurement for biological age, the metabolic age score, based on urine data measured via (1)H NMR spectroscopy. We validated the score in two large independent population-based samples by revealing its significant associations with chronological age and age-related clinical phenotypes as well as its independent predictive value for survival over approximately 13 years of follow-up. Furthermore, the metabolic age score was prognostic for weight loss in a sample of individuals who underwent bariatric surgery. We conclude that the metabolic age score is an informative measurement of biological age with possible applications in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald , 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine , 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald , 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald , 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Lohmann
- Department of Medicine, Municipal Hospital of Dresden-Neustadt , 01129 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine , 17475 Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany.,DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), University Medicine , 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine , 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald , 17475 Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald , 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Griffin JL, Wang X, Stanley E. Does our gut microbiome predict cardiovascular risk? A review of the evidence from metabolomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:187-91. [PMID: 25691688 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Millions of microbes are found in the human gut, and are collectively referred as the gut microbiota. Recent studies have estimated that the microbiota genome contains 100-fold more genes than the host genome. These microbiota contribute to digestion by processing energy substrates unutilized by the host, with about half of the total genome of the gut microbiota being related to central carbon and amino acid metabolism as well as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Therefore, the gut microbiome and its interaction with the host influences many aspects of health and disease, including the composition of biofluids such as urine and blood plasma. Metabolomics is uniquely suited to capture these functional host-microbe interactions. This review aims at providing an overview of recent metabolomics evidence of gut microbiota-host metabolic interactions with a specific focus on cardiovascular disease and related aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the emphasis is given on the complexities of translating these metabolite signatures as potential clinical biomarkers, as the composition and activity of gut microbiome change with many factors, particularly with diet, with special reference to trimethylamine-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian L Griffin
- From the Department of Lipid Profiling and Signalling, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (J.L.G., X.W., E.S.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (J.L.G., X.W.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- From the Department of Lipid Profiling and Signalling, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (J.L.G., X.W., E.S.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (J.L.G., X.W.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- From the Department of Lipid Profiling and Signalling, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (J.L.G., X.W., E.S.); and Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre (J.L.G., X.W.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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34
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Gralka E, Luchinat C, Tenori L, Ernst B, Thurnheer M, Schultes B. Metabolomic fingerprint of severe obesity is dynamically affected by bariatric surgery in a procedure-dependent manner. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1313-22. [PMID: 26581381 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with multiple diseases. Bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for severe obesity that can reduce body weight and obesity-associated morbidity. The metabolic alterations associated with obesity and respective changes after bariatric surgery are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We comprehensively assessed metabolic alterations associated with severe obesity and distinct bariatric procedures. DESIGN In our longitudinal observational study, we applied a (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance-based global, untargeted metabolomics strategy on human serum samples that were collected before and repeatedly ≤1 y after distinct bariatric procedures [i.e., a sleeve gastrectomy, proximal Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and distal RYGB]. For comparison, we also analyzed serum samples from normal-weight and less-obese subjects who were matched for 1-y postoperative body mass index (BMI) values of the surgical groups. RESULTS We identified a metabolomic fingerprint in obese subjects that was clearly discriminated from that of normal-weight subjects. Furthermore, we showed that bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy and proximal and distal RYGB) dynamically affected this fingerprint in a procedure-dependent manner, thereby establishing new fingerprints that could be discriminated from those of BMI-matched and normal-weight control subjects. Metabolites that largely contributed to the metabolomic fingerprints of severe obesity were aromatic and branched-chain amino acids (elevated), metabolites related to energy metabolism (pyruvate and citrate; elevated), and metabolites suggested to be derived from gut microbiota (formate, methanol, and isopropanol; all elevated). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that bariatric surgery, irrespective of the specific kind of procedure used, reverses most of the metabolic alterations associated with obesity and suggest profound changes in gut microbiome-host interactions after the surgery. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02480322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gralka
- FiorGen Foundation, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Magnetic Resonance Center and
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center and Chemistry Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; and
| | | | - Barbara Ernst
- eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center, Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Thurnheer
- eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center, Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schultes
- eSwiss Medical & Surgical Center, Interdisciplinary Obesity Center, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiac Structure and Function: a Systematic Review of Cardiac Imaging Outcomes. Obes Surg 2015; 26:1030-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Penney NC, Kinross J, Newton RC, Purkayastha S. The role of bile acids in reducing the metabolic complications of obesity after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1565-74. [PMID: 26081915 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is currently the most efficacious treatment for obesity and its associated metabolic co-morbidities, such as diabetes. The metabolic improvements occur through both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. Bile acids (BAs) have emerged as key signalling molecules that have a central role in modulating many of the physiological effects seen after bariatric surgery. This systematic review assesses the evidence from both human and animal studies for the role of BAs in reducing the metabolic complications of obesity following bariatric surgery. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of Medline and Embase databases to identify all articles investigating the role of BAs in mediating the metabolic changes observed following bariatric surgery in both animal and human studies. Boolean logic was used with relevant search terms, including the following MeSH terms: 'bile acids and salts', 'bariatric surgery', 'metabolic surgery', 'gastrointestinal tract/surgery' and 'obesity/surgery'. RESULTS Following database searches (n=1197), inclusion from bibliography searches (n=2) and de-duplication (n=197), 1002 search results were returned. Of these, 132 articles were selected for full-text review, of which 38 articles were deemed relevant and included in the review. The findings support the effects of BAs on satiety, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, incretins and glucose homoeostasis, energy metabolism, gut microbiota and endoplasmic reticulum stress following bariatric surgery. Many of these metabolic effects are modulated through the BA receptors FXR and TGR5. We also explore a possible link between BAs and carcinogenesis following bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS Overall there is good evidence to support the role of BAs in the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery through the above mechanisms. BAs could serve as a novel therapeutic pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity and its associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Penney
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Kinross
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R C Newton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Purkayastha
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Bhutta HY, Rajpal N, White W, Freudenberg JM, Liu Y, Way J, Rajpal D, Cooper DC, Young A, Tavakkoli A, Chen L. Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on bile acid metabolism in normal and obese diabetic rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122273. [PMID: 25798945 PMCID: PMC4370587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to classic functions of facilitating hepatobiliary secretion and intestinal absorption of lipophilic nutrients, bile acids (BA) are also endocrine factors and regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Recent data indicate that antiobesity bariatric procedures e.g. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), which also remit diabetes, increase plasma BAs in humans, leading to the hypothesis that BAs may play a role in diabetes resolution following surgery. To investigate the effect of RYGB on BA physiology and its relationship with glucose homeostasis, we undertook RYGB and SHAM surgery in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and normoglycemic Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and measured plasma and fecal BA levels, as well as plasma glucose, insulin, Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and Peptide YY (PYY), 2 days before and 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery. RYGB decreased body weight and increased plasma GLP-1 in both SD and ZDF rats while decreasing plasma insulin and glucose in ZDF rats starting from the first week. Compared to SHAM groups, both SD-RYGB and ZDF-RYGB groups started to have increases in plasma total BAs in the second week, which might not contribute to early post-surgery metabolic changes. While there was no significant difference in fecal BA excretion between SD-RYGB and SD-SHAM groups, the ZDF-RYGB group had a transient 4.2-fold increase (P<0.001) in 24-hour fecal BA excretion on post-operative day 3 compared to ZDF-SHAM, which paralleled a significant increase in plasma PYY. Ratios of plasma and fecal cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid derived BAs were decreased in RYGB groups. In addition, tissue mRNA expression analysis suggested early intestinal BA reabsorption and potentially reduced hepatic cholic acid production in RYGB groups. In summary, we present novel data on RYGB-mediated changes in BA metabolism to further understand the role of BAs in RYGB-induced metabolic effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Y Bhutta
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neetu Rajpal
- Metabolic Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wendy White
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Johannes M. Freudenberg
- Quantitative Sciences Division, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yaping Liu
- Metabolic Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Way
- Metabolic Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deepak Rajpal
- Quantitative Sciences Division, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David C. Cooper
- Quantitative Sciences Division, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew Young
- Metabolic Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lihong Chen
- Metabolic Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Finelli C, Padula MC, Martelli G, Tarantino G. Could the improvement of obesity-related co-morbidities depend on modified gut hormones secretion? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16649-16664. [PMID: 25469034 PMCID: PMC4248209 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated diseases are a worldwide epidemic disease. Usual weight loss cures - as diets, physical activity, behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy - have been continuously implemented but still have relatively poor long-term success and mainly scarce adherence. Bariatric surgery is to date the most effective long term treatment for morbid obesity and it has been proven to reduce obesity-related co-morbidities, among them nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and mortality. This article summarizes such variations in gut hormones following the current metabolic surgery procedures. The profile of gut hormonal changes after bariatric surgery represents a strategy for the individuation of the most performing surgical procedures to achieve clinical results. About this topic, experts suggest that the individuation of the crosslink among the gut hormones, microbiome, the obesity and the bariatric surgery could lead to new and more specific therapeutic interventions for severe obesity and its co-morbidities, also non surgical.
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39
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Filla LA, Yuan W, Feldman EL, Li S, Edwards JL. Global metabolomic and isobaric tagging capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approaches for uncovering pathway dysfunction in diabetic mouse aorta. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:6121-34. [PMID: 25368974 PMCID: PMC4261973 DOI: 10.1021/pr501030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of diabetes and the global health risks it poses, the biochemical pathogenesis of diabetic complications remains poorly understood with few effective therapies. This study employs capillary liquid chromatography (capLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in conjunction with both global metabolomics and isobaric tags specific to amines and carbonyls to probe aortic metabolic content in diabetic mice with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and stenotic vascular damage. Using these combined techniques, metabolites well-characterized in diabetes as well as novel pathways were investigated. A total of 53,986 features were detected, 719 compounds were identified as having significant fold changes (thresholds ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5), and 48 metabolic pathways were found to be altered with at least 2 metabolite hits in diabetic samples. Pathways related to carbonyl stress, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism showed the greatest number of metabolite changes. Three novel pathways with previously limited or undescribed roles in diabetic complications--vitamin B6, propanoate, and butanoate metabolism--were also shown to be altered in multiple points along the pathway. These discoveries support the theory that diabetic vascular complications arise from the interplay of a myriad of metabolic pathways in conjunction with oxidative and carbonyl stress, which may provide not only new and much needed biomarkers but also insights into novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Filla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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Sweeney TE, Morton JM. Metabolic surgery: action via hormonal milieu changes, changes in bile acids or gut microbiota? A summary of the literature. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:727-40. [PMID: 25194186 PMCID: PMC4399638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes remain epidemic problems. Different bariatric surgical techniques causes weight loss and diabetes remission to varying degrees. The underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery are complex, and include changes in diet and behaviour, as well as changes in hormones, bile acid flow, and gut bacteria. We summarized the effects of multiple different bariatric procedures, and their resulting effects on several hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY, and glucagon), bile acid changes in the gut and the serum, and resulting changes to the gut microbiome. As much as possible, we have tried to incorporate multiple studies to try to explain underlying mechanistic changes. What emerges from the data is a picture of clear differences between restrictive and metabolic procedures. The latter, in particular the roux-en-Y gastric bypass, induces large and distinctive changes in most measured fat and gut hormones, including early and sustained increase in GLP-1, possible through intestinal bile acid signalling. The changes in bile flow and the gut microbiome are causally inseparable so far, but new studies show that each contributes to the effects of weight loss and diabetes resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Sweeney
- Stanford University, Department of General Surgery, Section of Bariatric and Minimally Invasive (BMI) Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, H3680, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - John M Morton
- Stanford University, Department of General Surgery, Section of Bariatric and Minimally Invasive (BMI) Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, H3680, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
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