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Larrañaga A, Bello-Álvarez C, Lizundia E. Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Effects of Chitin Nanofibrils Isolated from Fungi. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5737-5748. [PMID: 37988418 PMCID: PMC10716858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungal nanochitin can assist the transition from the linear fossil-based economy to a circular biobased economy given its environmental benefits over conventional crustacean-nanochitin. Its real-world implementation requires carefully assessing its toxicity so that unwanted human health and environmental issues are avoided. Accordingly, the cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects of chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs) from white mushroom is assessed. ChNFs are few nanometers in diameter, with a 75.8% N-acetylation degree, a crystallinity of 59.1%, and present a 44:56 chitin/glucan weight ratio. Studies are conducted for aqueous colloidal ChNF dispersions (0-5 mg·mL-1) and free-standing films having physically entangled ChNFs. Aqueous dispersions of chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) isolated via hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of α-chitin powder are also evaluated for comparison. Cytotoxicity studies conducted in human fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells) and murine brain microglia (BV-2 cells) reveal a comparatively safer behavior over related biobased nanomaterials. However, a strong inflammatory response was observed when BV-2 cells were cultured in the presence of colloidal ChNFs. These novel cytotoxicity and inflammatory studies shed light on the potential of fungal ChNFs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Larrañaga
- Department
of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao. University of the
Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Carlos Bello-Álvarez
- Department
of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao. University of the
Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life
Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering
Projects. University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero
Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Edif. Martina Casiano, Pl. 3 Parque
Científico UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain
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2
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Morais JPS, Rosa MDF, de Brito ES, de Azeredo HMC, de Figueirêdo MCB. Sustainable Pickering Emulsions with Nanocellulose: Innovations and Challenges. Foods 2023; 12:3599. [PMID: 37835252 PMCID: PMC10572501 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper mix of nanocellulose to a dispersion of polar and nonpolar liquids creates emulsions stabilized by finely divided solids (instead of tensoactive chemicals) named Pickering emulsions. These mixtures can be engineered to develop new food products with innovative functions, potentially more eco-friendly characteristics, and reduced risks to consumers. Although cellulose-based Pickering emulsion preparation is an exciting approach to creating new food products, there are many legal, technical, environmental, and economic gaps to be filled through research. The diversity of different types of nanocellulose makes it difficult to perform long-term studies on workers' occupational health, cytotoxicity for consumers, and environmental impacts. This review aims to identify some of these gaps and outline potential topics for future research and cooperation. Pickering emulsion research is still concentrated in a few countries, especially developed and emerging countries, with low levels of participation from Asian and African nations. There is a need for the development of scaling-up technologies to allow for the production of kilograms or liters per hour of products. More research is needed on the sustainability and eco-design of products. Finally, countries must approve a regulatory framework that allows for food products with Pickering emulsions to be put on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edy Sousa de Brito
- Embrapa Food and Territories, Rua Cincinato Pinto, 348, Maceió 57020-050, Brazil;
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3
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Ventura C, Pinto F, Lourenço AF, Pedrosa JFS, Fernandes SN, da Rosa RR, Godinho MH, Ferreira PJT, Louro H, Silva MJ. Assessing the Genotoxicity of Cellulose Nanomaterials in a Co-Culture of Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:986. [PMID: 37627871 PMCID: PMC10452089 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNMs) are innovative materials with a wide spectrum of industrial and biomedical applications. Although cellulose has been recognized as a safe material, the unique properties of its nanosized forms have raised concerns about their safety for human health. Genotoxicity is an endpoint that must be assessed to ensure that no carcinogenic risks are associated with exposure to nanomaterials. In this study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of two types of cellulose micro/nanofibrils (CMF and CNF) and one sample of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), obtained from industrial bleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp. For that, we exposed co-cultures of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages to a concentration range of each CMNM and used the micronucleus (MN) and comet assays. Our results showed that only the lowest concentrations of the CMF sample were able to induce DNA strand breaks (FPG-comet assay). However, none of the three CMNMs produced significant chromosomal alterations (MN assay). These findings, together with results from previous in vitro studies using monocultures of A549 cells, indicate that the tested CNF and CNC are not genotoxic under the conditions tested, while the CMF display a low genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Ventura
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Pinto
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge F. S. Pedrosa
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.)
| | - Susete N. Fernandes
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Rafaela R. da Rosa
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Maria Helena Godinho
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Paulo J. T. Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.)
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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4
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Ji C, Wang Y. Nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions: Fabrication, stabilization, and food applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102970. [PMID: 37523998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions have been widely studied due to their good stability and potential applications. Nanocellulose including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (BCNFs) has emerged as sustainable stabilizers/emulsifiers in food-related Pickering emulsions due to their favorable properties such as renewability, low toxicity, amphiphilicity, biocompatibility, and high aspect ratio. Nanocellulose can be widely obtained from different sources and extraction methods and can effectively stabilize Pickering emulsions via the irreversible adsorption onto oil-water interface. The synergistic effects of nanocellulose and other substances can further enhance the interfacial networks. The nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions have potential food-related applications in delivery systems, food packaging materials, and fat substitutes. Nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions as 3D printing inks exhibit good injectable and gelling properties and are promising to print spatial architectures. In the future, the utilization of biomass waste and the development of "green" and facile extraction methods for nanocellulose production deserve more attention. The stability of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions in multi-component food systems and at various conditions is an utmost challenge. Moreover, the case-by-case studies on the potential safety issues of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions need to be carried out with the standardized assessment procedures. In this review, we highlight key fundamental work and recent reports on nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsion systems. The sources and extraction of nanocellulose and the fabrication of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions are briefly summarized. Furthermore, the synergistic stability and food-related applications of nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions are spotlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuye Ji
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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5
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Ghilan A, Nicu R, Ciolacu DE, Ciolacu F. Insight into the Latest Medical Applications of Nanocellulose. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4447. [PMID: 37374630 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs) are appealing nanomaterials that have experienced rapid development in recent years, with great potential in the biomedical field. This trend aligns with the increasing demand for sustainable materials, which will contribute both to an improvement in wellbeing and an extension of human life, and with the demand to keep up with advances in medical technology. In recent years, due to the diversity of their physical and biological properties and the possibility of tuning them according to the desired goal, these nanomaterials represent a point of maximum interest in the medical field. Applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressing, medical implants or those in cardiovascular health are some of the applications in which NCs have been successfully used. This review presents insight into the latest medical applications of NCs, in the forms of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), with an emphasis on the domains that have recently experienced remarkable growth, namely wound dressing, tissue engineering and drug delivery. In order to highlight only the most recent achievements, the presented information is focused on studies from the last 3 years. Approaches to the preparation of NCs are discussed either by top-down (chemical or mechanical degradation) or by bottom-up (biosynthesis) techniques, along with their morphological characterization and unique properties, such as mechanical and biological properties. Finally, the main challenges, limitations and future research directions of NCs are identified in a sustained effort to identify their effective use in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ghilan
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Nicu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana E Ciolacu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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6
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Kohl Y, Müller M, Fink M, Mamier M, Fürtauer S, Drexel R, Herrmann C, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Hornberger R, Arz MI, Metzger C, Wagner S, Sängerlaub S, Briesen H, Meier F, Krebs T. Development and Characterization of a 96-Well Exposure System for Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207207. [PMID: 36922728 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a 96-well exposure system for safety assessment of nanomaterials is developed and characterized using an air-liquid interface lung epithelial model. This system is designed for sequential nebulization. Distribution studies verify the reproducible distribution over all 96 wells, with lower insert-to-insert variability compared to non-sequential application. With a first set of chemicals (TritonX), drugs (Bortezomib), and nanomaterials (silver nanoparticles and (non-)fluorescent crystalline nanocellulose), sequential exposure studies are performed with human lung epithelial cells followed by quantification of the deposited mass and of cell viability. The developed exposure system offers for the first time the possibility of exposing an air-liquid interface model in a 96-well format, resulting in high-throughput rates, combined with the feature for sequential dosing. This exposure system allows the possibility of creating dose-response curves resulting in the generation of more reliable cell-based assay data for many types of applications, such as safety analysis. In addition to chemicals and drugs, nanomaterials with spherical shapes, but also morphologically more complex nanostructures can be exposed sequentially with high efficiency. This allows new perspectives on in vivo-like and animal-free approaches for chemical and pharmaceutical safety assessment, in line with the 3R principle of replacing and reducing animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Michelle Müller
- Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Marielle Fink
- VITROCELL Systems GmbH, Fabrik Sonntag 3, 79183, Waldkirch, Germany
| | - Marc Mamier
- VITROCELL Systems GmbH, Fabrik Sonntag 3, 79183, Waldkirch, Germany
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Materials Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering & Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Roland Drexel
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, 86899, Landsberg am Lech, Germany
| | - Christine Herrmann
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Ramona Hornberger
- Materials Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering & Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Marius I Arz
- Materials Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering & Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Metzger
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Sven Sängerlaub
- Materials Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering & Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- Process Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Meier
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, 86899, Landsberg am Lech, Germany
| | - Tobias Krebs
- VITROCELL Systems GmbH, Fabrik Sonntag 3, 79183, Waldkirch, Germany
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7
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Erdem JS, Závodná T, Ervik TK, Skare Ø, Hron T, Anmarkrud KH, Kuśnierczyk A, Catalán J, Ellingsen DG, Topinka J, Zienolddiny-Narui S. High aspect ratio nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization is mediated by changes in miRNA levels. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111123. [PMID: 36776851 PMCID: PMC9911541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhalation of nanomaterials may induce inflammation in the lung which if left unresolved can manifest in pulmonary fibrosis. In these processes, alveolar macrophages have an essential role and timely modulation of the macrophage phenotype is imperative in the onset and resolution of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate, the immunomodulating properties of two industrially relevant high aspect ratio nanomaterials, namely nanocellulose and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), in an alveolar macrophage model. Methods MH-S alveolar macrophages were exposed at air-liquid interface to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and two MWCNT (NM-400 and NM-401). Following exposure, changes in macrophage polarization markers and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Furthermore, the potential contribution of epigenetic regulation in nanomaterial-induced macrophage polarization was investigated by assessing changes in epigenetic regulatory enzymes, miRNAs, and rRNA modifications. Results Our data illustrate that the investigated nanomaterials trigger phenotypic changes in alveolar macrophages, where CNF exposure leads to enhanced M1 phenotype and MWCNT promotes M2 phenotype. Furthermore, MWCNT exposure induced more prominent epigenetic regulatory events with changes in the expression of histone modification and DNA methylation enzymes as well as in miRNA transcript levels. MWCNT-enhanced changes in the macrophage phenotype were correlated with prominent downregulation of the histone methyltransferases Kmt2a and Smyd5 and histone deacetylases Hdac4, Hdac9 and Sirt1 indicating that both histone methylation and acetylation events may be critical in the Th2 responses to MWCNT. Furthermore, MWCNT as well as CNF exposure led to altered miRNA levels, where miR-155-5p, miR-16-1-3p, miR-25-3p, and miR-27a-5p were significantly regulated by both materials. PANTHER pathway analysis of the identified miRNA targets showed that both materials affected growth factor (PDGF, EGF and FGF), Ras/MAPKs, CCKR, GnRH-R, integrin, and endothelin signaling pathways. These pathways are important in inflammation or in the activation, polarization, migration, and regulation of phagocytic capacity of macrophages. In addition, pathways involved in interleukin, WNT and TGFB signaling were highly enriched following MWCNT exposure. Conclusion Together, these data support the importance of macrophage phenotypic changes in the onset and resolution of inflammation and identify epigenetic patterns in macrophages which may be critical in nanomaterial-induced inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Samulin Erdem
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Johanna Samulin Erdem,
| | - Táňa Závodná
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Øivind Skare
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomáš Hron
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility and St. Olavs Hospital Central Staff, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Catalán
- Department of Work Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Tom C, Narayana Sangitra S, Kumar Pujala R. Rheological Fingerprinting and Applications of Cellulose Nanocrystal Based Composites: A Review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Kumar R, Chauhan S. Cellulose nanocrystals based delivery vehicles for anticancer agent curcumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:842-864. [PMID: 36100000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that starts with genetic alterations and mutations in healthy cells. The past decade has witnessed a huge demand for new biocompatibility and high-performance intelligent drug delivery systems. Curcumin (CUR) is a bioactive stimulant with numerous medical benefits. However, because of its hydrophobic nature, it has low bioavailability. The utilization of many biobased materials has been found to improve the loading of hydrophobic drugs. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with exceptional qualities and a wide range of applications, feature strong hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, great emulsification stability, high crystallinity and outstanding mechanical attributes. In this review, numerous CNCs-based composites have been evaluated for involvement in the controlled release of CUR. The first part of the review deals with recent advancements in the extraction of CNCs from lignocellulose biomass. The second elaborates some recent developments in the post-processing of CNCs in conjunction with other materials like natural polymers, synthetic polymers, β-CD, and surfactants for CUR loading/encapsulation and controlled release. Furthermore, numerous CUR drug delivery systems, challenges, and techniques for effective loading/encapsulation of CUR on CNCs-based composites have been presented. Finally, conclusions and future outlooks are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Jagdish Chandra DAV College, Dasuya, Punjab 144205, India.
| | - Sandeep Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, India
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Bekić M, Vasiljević M, Stojanović D, Kokol V, Mihajlović D, Vučević D, Uskoković P, Čolić M, Tomić S. Phosphonate-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals Potentiate the Th1 Polarising Capacity of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells via GABA-B Receptor. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3191-3216. [PMID: 35909813 PMCID: PMC9329576 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s362038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Phosphonates, like 3-AminoPropylphosphonic Acid (ApA), possess a great potential for the therapy of bone tumours, and their delivery via cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) seems a promising approach for their increased efficacy in target tissues. However, the immunological effects of CNC-phosphonates have not been investigated thoroughly. The main aim was to examine how the modification of CNCs with phosphonate affects their immunomodulatory properties in human cells. Methods Wood-based native (n) CNCs were modified via oxidation (ox-CNCs) and subsequent conjugation with ApA (ApA-CNCs). CNCs were characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation. Cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory potential of CNCs were investigated in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs)/T cells co-cultures by monitoring phenotype, cytokines production, allostimulatory and Th/Treg polarisation capacity. Results AFM showed an increase in CNCs' thickens, elasticity modulus and hardness during the modification with ApA. When applied at non-toxic doses, nCNCs showed a tolerogenic potential upon internalisation by MoDCs, as judged by their increased capacity to up-regulate tolerogenic markers and induce regulatory T cells (Treg), especially when present during the differentiation of MoDCs. In contrast, ox- and ApA-CNCs induced oxidative stress and autophagy in MoDCs, which correlated with their stimulatory effect on the maturation of MoDCs, but also inhibition of MoDCs differentiation. ApA-CNC-treated MoDCs displayed the highest allostimulatory and Th1/CTL polarising activity in co-cultures with T cells. These effects of ApA-CNCs were mediated via GABA-B receptor-induced lowering of cAMP levels in MoDCs, and they could be blocked by GABA-B receptor inhibitor. Moreover, the Th1 polarising and allostimulatory capacity of MoDCs differentiated with ApA-CNC were largely preserved upon the maturation of MoDCs, whereas nCNC- and ox-CNC-differentiated MoDCs displayed an increased tolerogenic potential. Conclusion The delivery of ApA via CNCs induces potent DC-mediated Th1 polarisation, which could be beneficial in their potential application in tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bekić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Vasiljević
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dušica Stojanović
- Department for Construction and Special Materials, Faculty for Technology and Metallurgy, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Kokol
- Department of Textile Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Mihajlović
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Petar Uskoković
- Department for Construction and Special Materials, Faculty for Technology and Metallurgy, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Center for Biomedical Sciences, Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Ma T, Lu S, Hu X, Song Y, Hu X. Effects of lipid type and toxicological properties on the digestion of cellulose nanocrystals in simulated gastrointestinal tract. Food Chem 2022; 396:133653. [PMID: 35830836 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the impact of different oil types on the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to modulate lipid digestion and the in vitro gastrointestinal toxicity of CNCs in food systems. We explored the ability of CNCs to modulate lipid digestion in a simulated gastrointestinal system and monitored the gastrointestinal fate of CNC-based emulsions with different oil types. Finally, a small intestine epithelial model was used to evaluate the influence of cytotoxicity. The results suggested that the addition of 0.6 wt% CNCs in the high-fat food model reduced the hydrolysis of free fatty acids (FFAs) from triglycerides by 37.8% after the small intestine phase. CNCs showed the best effect in reducing lipid digestion in emulsions with high unsaturation triglycerides. In addition, the toxicology results suggest that 0.6 wt% CNCs had only a slight effect on reactive oxygen species and cytotoxicity, and no significant change in cell-layer integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuyu Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinna Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Song
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Aimonen K, Hartikainen M, Imani M, Suhonen S, Vales G, Moreno C, Saarelainen H, Siivola K, Vanhala E, Wolff H, Rojas OJ, Norppa H, Catalán J. Effect of Surface Modification on the Pulmonary and Systemic Toxicity of Cellulose Nanofibrils. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2752-2766. [PMID: 35680128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have emerged as sustainable options for a wide range of applications. However, the high aspect ratio and biopersistence of CNFs raise concerns about potential health effects. Here, we evaluated the in vivo pulmonary and systemic toxicity of unmodified (U-CNF), carboxymethylated (C-CNF), and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl)-oxidized (T-CNF) CNFs, fibrillated in the same way and administered to mice by repeated (3×) pharyngeal aspiration (14, 28, and 56 μg/mouse/aspiration). Toxic effects were assessed up to 90 days after the last administration. Some mice were treated with T-CNF samples spiked with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.02-50 ng/mouse/aspiration) to assess the role of endotoxin contamination. The CNFs induced an acute inflammatory reaction that subsided within 90 days, except for T-CNF. At 90 days post-administration, an increased DNA damage was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage and hepatic cells after exposure to T-CNF and C-CNF, respectively. Besides, LPS contamination dose-dependently increased the hepatic genotoxic effects of T-CNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukka Aimonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mira Hartikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monireh Imani
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Satu Suhonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerard Vales
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlos Moreno
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hanna Saarelainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Siivola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Vanhala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.,Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Perumal AB, Nambiar RB, Moses J, Anandharamakrishnan C. Nanocellulose: Recent trends and applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Chinga-Carrasco G, Rosendahl J, Catalán J. Nanocelluloses - Nanotoxicology, Safety Aspects and 3D Bioprinting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:155-177. [PMID: 35583644 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses have good rheological properties that facilitate the extrusion of nanocellulose gels in micro-extrusion systems. It is considered a highly relevant characteristic that makes it possible to use nanocellulose as an ink component for 3D bioprinting purposes. The nanocelluloses assessed in this book chapter include wood nanocellulose (WNC), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and tunicate nanocellulose (TNC), which are often assumed to be non-toxic. Depending on various chemical and mechanical processes, both cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) can be obtained from the three mentioned nanocelluloses (WNC, BNC, and TNC). Pre/post-treatment processes (chemical and mechanical) cause modifications regarding surface chemistry and nano-morphology. Hence, it is essential to understand whether physicochemical properties may affect the toxicological profile of nanocelluloses. In this book chapter, we provide an overview of nanotoxicology and safety aspects associated with nanocelluloses. Relevant regulatory requirements are considered. We also discuss hazard assessment strategies based on tiered approaches for safety testing, which can be applied in the early stages of the innovation process. Ensuring the safe development of nanocellulose-based 3D bioprinting products will enable full market use of these sustainable resources throughout their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Rosendahl
- RISE, Division Materials and Production, Department Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textiles, Section Biological Function, Borås, Sweden
| | - Julia Catalán
- Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Analysis of the In Vitro Toxicity of Nanocelluloses in Human Lung Cells as Compared to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091432. [PMID: 35564141 PMCID: PMC9104944 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNM), comprising cellulose microfibrils (CMF), nanofibrils (CNF), and nanocrystals (CNC), are being recognized as promising bio-nanomaterials due to their natural and renewable source, attractive properties, and potential for applications with industrial and economical value. Thus, it is crucial to investigate their potential toxicity before starting their production at a larger scale. The present study aimed at evaluating the cell internalization and in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CMNM as compared to two multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), NM-401 and NM-402, in A549 cells. The exposure to all studied NM, with the exception of CNC, resulted in evident cellular uptake, as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. However, none of the CMNM induced cytotoxic effects, in contrast to the cytotoxicity observed for the MWCNT. Furthermore, no genotoxicity was observed for CNF, CNC, and NM-402 (cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay), while CMF and NM-401 were able to significantly raise micronucleus frequency. Only NM-402 was able to induce ROS formation, although it did not induce micronuclei. Thus, it is unlikely that the observed CMF and NM-401 genotoxicity is mediated by oxidative DNA damage. More studies targeting other genotoxicity endpoints and cellular and molecular events are underway to allow for a more comprehensive safety assessment of these nanocelluloses.
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A Biomonitoring Pilot Study in Workers from a Paints Production Plant Exposed to Pigment-Grade Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040171. [PMID: 35448433 PMCID: PMC9028136 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Among particulate matter composing paints, titanium dioxide (TiO2) forms about 20% of the final suspension. Although TiO2 is broadly used in many applications, TiO2 powders represent an established respiratory hazard for workers with long-term exposure. In 35 workers of a paints production plant (15 exposed and 20 not exposed), we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17), surfactant protein D (SP-D) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 glycoprotein (KL-6) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). In urine samples, we measured 8-isoprostane (Isop) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as biomarkers of oxidative stress, and Titanium (Ti-U) as a biomarker of exposure. Health status, habits and occupational history were recorded. Airborne respirable dusts and Ti were quantified. Particle number concentration and average diameter (nm) were detected by a NanoTracer™ monitoring device. Ti was measurable in filters collected at the respiratory breathing zone (0.11−0.44 µg/m3 8-h TWA). IL-1β and IL-10 values were significantly higher in exposed workers, whereas SP-D was significantly lower (p < 0.001). KL-6 was significantly higher in workers than in controls (p < 0.01). MDA levels were significantly increased in exposed workers and were positively correlated with Ti-U. Exposure to TiO2 in paint production is associated with the subtle alterations of lung pathobiology. These findings suggest the need for an integrated approach relying on both personal exposure and biomarker assessment to improve the hazard characterisation in occupational settings.
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Young SAE, Muthami J, Pitcher M, Antovski P, Wamea P, Murphy RD, Haghniaz R, Schmidt A, Clark S, Khademhosseini A, Sheikhi A. Engineering hairy cellulose nanocrystals for chemotherapy drug capture. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2022; 23:100711. [PMID: 35224320 PMCID: PMC8865441 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. While chemotherapy remains one of the most common cancer treatments in the world, the severe side effects of chemotherapy drugs impose serious concerns to cancer patients. In many cases, the chemotherapy can be localized to maximize the drug effects; however, the drug systemic circulation induces undesirable side effects. Here, we have developed a highly efficient cellulose-based nanoadsorbent that can capture more than 6000 mg of doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs, per gram of the adsorbent at physiological conditions. Such drug capture capacity is more than 3200% higher than other nanoadsorbents, such as DNA-based platforms. We show how anionic hairy cellulose nanocrystals, also known as electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose (ENCC), bind to positively charged drugs in human serum and capture DOX immediately without imposing any cytotoxicity and hemolytic effects. We elucidate how ENCC provides a remarkable platform for biodetoxification at varying pH, ionic strength, ion type, and protein concentration. The outcome of this research may pave the way for developing the next generation in vitro and in vivo drug capture additives and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. E. Young
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joy Muthami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mica Pitcher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Petar Antovski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patricia Wamea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Robert Denis Murphy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | - Andrew Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Ferreira PJT, Lourenço AF. Nanocelluloses: Production, Characterization and Market. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:129-151. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Recent development in food emulsion stabilized by plant-based cellulose nanoparticles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li J, Wang X, Chang CH, Jiang J, Liu Q, Liu X, Liao YP, Ma T, Meng H, Xia T. Nanocellulose Length Determines the Differential Cytotoxic Effects and Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages and Hepatocytes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102545. [PMID: 34363305 PMCID: PMC8460616 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose including cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has attracted much attention due to its exceptional mechanical, chemical, and rheological properties. Although considered biocompatible, recent reports have demonstrated nanocellulose can be hazardous, including serving as drug carriers that accumulate in the liver. However, the nanocellulose effects on liver cells, including Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatocytes are unclear. Here, the toxicity of nanocellulose with different lengths is compared, including the shorter CNCs (CNC-1, CNC-2, and CNC-3) and longer CNF (CNF-1 and CNF-2), to liver cells. While all CNCs triggered significant cytotoxicity in KCs and only CNC-2 induced toxicity to hepatocytes, CNFs failed to induce significant cytotoxicity due to their minimal cellular uptake. The phagocytosis of CNCs by KCs induced mitochondria ROS generation, caspase-3/7 activation, and apoptotic cell death as well as lysosomal damage, cathepsin B release, NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β production. The cellular uptake of CNC-2 by hepatocytes is through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and it induced the caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis. CNC-2 shows the highest levels of uptake and cytotoxicity among CNCs. These results demonstrate the length-dependent mechanisms of toxicity on liver cells in a cell type-dependent fashion, providing information to safely use nanocellulose for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulong Li
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tiancong Ma
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huan Meng
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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21
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Szustak M, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Nanocellulose-Based Scaffolds for Chondrogenic Differentiation and Expansion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:736213. [PMID: 34485266 PMCID: PMC8415884 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.736213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose deserves special attention among the large group of biocompatible biomaterials. It exhibits good mechanical properties, which qualifies it for potential use as a scaffold imitating cartilage. However, the reconstruction of cartilage is a big challenge due to this tissue's limited regenerative capacity resulting from its lack of vascularization, innervations, and sparsely distributed chondrocytes. This feature restricts the infiltration of progenitor cells into damaged sites. Unfortunately, differentiated chondrocytes are challenging to obtain, and mesenchymal stem cells have become an alternative approach to promote chondrogenesis. Importantly, nanocellulose scaffolds induce the differentiation of stem cells into chondrocyte phenotypes. In this review, we present the recent progress of nanocellulose-based scaffolds promoting the development of cartilage tissue, especially within the emphasis on chondrogenic differentiation and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Nicu R, Ciolacu F, Ciolacu DE. Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1125. [PMID: 34452086 PMCID: PMC8399340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising "green" materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals-CNC, cellulose nanofibrils-CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose-BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana E. Ciolacu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
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23
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Long W, Ouyang H, Hu X, Liu M, Zhang X, Feng Y, Wei Y. State-of-art review on preparation, surface functionalization and biomedical applications of cellulose nanocrystals-based materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:591-615. [PMID: 34271046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a class of sustainable nanomaterials that are obtained from plants and microorganisms. These naturally derived nanomaterials are of abundant hydroxyl groups, well biocompatibility, low cost and biodegradable potential, making them suitable and promising candidates for various applications, especially in biomedical fields. In this review, the recent advances and development on the preparation, surface functionalization and biomedical applications of CNCs-based materials have been summarized and outlined. The main context of this paper could be divided into the following three parts. In the first part, the preparation strategies based on physical, chemical, enzymatic and combination techniques for preparation of CNCs have been summarized. The surface functionalization methods for synthesis CNCs-based materials with designed properties and functions were outlined in the following section. Finally, the current state about applications of CNCs-based materials for tissue engineering, medical hydrogels, biosensors, fluorescent imaging and intracellular delivery of biological agents have been highlighted. Moreover, current issues and future directions about the above aspects have also pointed out and discussed. We believe this review will attract great research attention of scientists from materials, chemistry, biomedicine and other disciplines. It will also provide some important insights on the future development of CNCs-based materials especially in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Meiying Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polyer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Lugoloobi I, Maniriho H, Jia L, Namulinda T, Shi X, Zhao Y. Cellulose nanocrystals in cancer diagnostics and treatment. J Control Release 2021; 336:207-232. [PMID: 34102221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is currently a major threat to public health, being among the principal causes of death to the global population. With carcinogenesis mechanisms, cancer invasion, and metastasis remaining blurred, cancer diagnosis and novel drug delivery approaches should be developed urgently to enable management and treatment. A dream break-through would be a non-invasive instantaneous monitoring of cancer initiation and progression to fast-track diagnosis for timely specialist treatment decisions. These innovations would enhance the established treatment protocols, unlimited by evasive biological complexities during tumorigenesis. It is therefore contingent that emerging and future scientific technologies be equally biased towards such innovations by exploiting the apparent properties of new developments and materials especially nanomaterials. CNCs as nanomaterials have undisputable physical and excellent biological properties that enhanced their interest as biomedical materials. This article therefore highlights CNCs utility in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Their extraction, properties, modification, in-vivo/in-vitro medical applications, biocompatibility, challenges and future perspectives are precisely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Lugoloobi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hillary Maniriho
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liang Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Tabbisa Namulinda
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Zhao
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Khan S, Siddique R, Huanfei D, Shereen MA, Nabi G, Bai Q, Manan S, Xue M, Ullah MW, Bowen H. Perspective Applications and Associated Challenges of Using Nanocellulose in Treating Bone-Related Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:616555. [PMID: 34026739 PMCID: PMC8139407 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.616555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone serves to maintain the shape of the human body due to its hard and solid nature. A loss or weakening of bone tissues, such as in case of traumatic injury, diseases (e.g., osteosarcoma), or old age, adversely affects the individuals quality of life. Although bone has the innate ability to remodel and regenerate in case of small damage or a crack, a loss of a large volume of bone in case of a traumatic injury requires the restoration of bone function by adopting different biophysical approaches and chemotherapies as well as a surgical reconstruction. Compared to the biophysical and chemotherapeutic approaches, which may cause complications and bear side effects, the surgical reconstruction involves the implantation of external materials such as ceramics, metals, and different other materials as bone substitutes. Compared to the synthetic substitutes, the use of biomaterials could be an ideal choice for bone regeneration owing to their renewability, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. Among the different types of biomaterials, nanocellulose-based materials are receiving tremendous attention in the medical field during recent years, which are used for scaffolding as well as regeneration. Nanocellulose not only serves as the matrix for the deposition of bioceramics, metallic nanoparticles, polymers, and different other materials to develop bone substitutes but also serves as the drug carrier for treating osteosarcomas. This review describes the natural sources and production of nanocellulose and discusses its important properties to justify its suitability in developing scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration and serve as the matrix for reinforcement of different materials and as a drug carrier for treating osteosarcomas. It discusses the potential health risks, immunogenicity, and biodegradation of nanocellulose in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ding Huanfei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sehrish Manan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Bowen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Weiss AM, Macke N, Zhang Y, Calvino C, Esser-Kahn AP, Rowan SJ. In Vitro and in Vivo Analyses of the Effects of Source, Length, and Charge on the Cytotoxicity and Immunocompatibility of Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1450-1461. [PMID: 33689287 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are an emergent, sustainable nanomaterial that are biosourced, abundant, and biodegradable. On account of their high aspect ratio, low density, and mechanical rigidity, they have been employed in numerous areas of biomedical research including as reinforcing materials for bone or tissue scaffolds or as carriers in drug delivery systems. Given the promise of these materials for such use, characterizing and understanding their interactions with biological systems is an important step to prevent toxicity or inflammation. Reported herein are studies aimed at exploring the in vitro and in vivo effects that the source, length, and charge of the CNCs have on cytotoxicity and immune response. CNCs from four different biosources (cotton, wood, Miscanthus x Giganteus, and sea tunicate) were prepared and functionalized with positive or negative charges to obtain a small library of CNCs with a range of dimensions and surface charge. A method to remove endotoxic or other impurities on the CNC surface leftover from the isolation process was developed, and the biocompatibility of the CNCs was subsequently assayed in vitro and in vivo. After subcutaneous injection, it was found that unfunctionalized (uncharged) CNCs form aggregates at the site of injection, inducing splenomegaly and neutrophil infiltration, while charged CNCs having surface carboxylates, sulfate half-esters, or primary amines were biologically inert. No effect of the particle source or length was observed in the in vitro and in vivo studies conducted. The lack of an in vitro or in vivo immune response toward charged CNCs in these experiments supports their use in future biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nicholas Macke
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yefei Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Céline Calvino
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Argonne National Laboratory 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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27
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Li K, Clarkson CM, Wang L, Liu Y, Lamm M, Pang Z, Zhou Y, Qian J, Tajvidi M, Gardner DJ, Tekinalp H, Hu L, Li T, Ragauskas AJ, Youngblood JP, Ozcan S. Alignment of Cellulose Nanofibers: Harnessing Nanoscale Properties to Macroscale Benefits. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3646-3673. [PMID: 33599500 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In nature, cellulose nanofibers form hierarchical structures across multiple length scales to achieve high-performance properties and different functionalities. Cellulose nanofibers, which are separated from plants or synthesized biologically, are being extensively investigated and processed into different materials owing to their good properties. The alignment of cellulose nanofibers is reported to significantly influence the performance of cellulose nanofiber-based materials. The alignment of cellulose nanofibers can bridge the nanoscale and macroscale, bringing enhanced nanoscale properties to high-performance macroscale materials. However, compared with extensive reviews on the alignment of cellulose nanocrystals, reviews focusing on cellulose nanofibers are seldom reported, possibly because of the challenge of aligning cellulose nanofibers. In this review, the alignment of cellulose nanofibers, including cellulose nanofibrils and bacterial cellulose, is extensively discussed from different aspects of the driving force, evaluation, strategies, properties, and applications. Future perspectives on challenges and opportunities in cellulose nanofiber alignment are also briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Caitlyn M Clarkson
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Meghan Lamm
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, United States
| | - Zhenqian Pang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ji Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mehdi Tajvidi
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Douglas J Gardner
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Halil Tekinalp
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- UTK-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Soydan Ozcan
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2350 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, United States
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28
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Joseph P, Umbright CM, Roberts JR, Cumpston JL, Orandle MS, McKinney WG, Sager TM. Lung toxicity and gene expression changes in response to whole-body inhalation exposure to cellulose nanocrystal in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2021; 33:66-80. [PMID: 33602020 PMCID: PMC10442725 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2021.1884320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human exposure to cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is possible during the production and/or use of products containing CNC. The objectives of the current study were to determine the lung toxicity of CNC and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the toxicity. METHODS Rats were exposed to air or CNC (20 mg/m3, six hours/day, 14 d) by whole-body inhalation and lung toxicity and global gene expression profile were determined. RESULTS Significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, phagocyte oxidant production, and macrophage and neutrophil counts were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage cells or fluid from the CNC exposed rats. Mild lung histological changes, such as the accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils, were detected in the CNC exposed rats. Gene expression profiling by next generation sequencing identified 531 genes whose expressions were significantly different in the lungs of the CNC exposed rats, compared with the controls. Bioinformatic analysis of the lung gene expression data identified significant enrichment in several biological functions and canonical pathways including those related to inflammation (cellular movement, immune cell trafficking, inflammatory diseases and response, respiratory disease, complement system, acute phase response, leukocyte extravasation signaling, granulocyte and agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis, IL-10 signaling, and phagosome formation and maturation) and oxidative stress (NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response, production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, and free radical scavenging). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that inhalation exposure of rats to CNC resulted in lung toxicity mediated mainly through the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Joseph
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christina M Umbright
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jared L Cumpston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Marlene S Orandle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Walter G McKinney
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tina M Sager
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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29
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Zhu J, Tang T, Hu CY, Xiang WC, Chen ZQ, Luo L, Yang HS, Liu HP. Cellulose nanocrystal assisted trace silver nitrate to synthesize green silver nanocomposites with antibacterial activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3808-3815. [PMID: 35424354 PMCID: PMC8694241 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used for applications ranging from chemical catalysis to environmental remediation, and generation of smart electronics and biological medicine such as antibacterial agents. To reduce the synthesis cost of AgNPs and environmental pollution, microwave-assisted generation of AgNPs on the CNC surface (AgNPs@CNC) has been found to be useful, because microwave reaction has the advantages of simple reaction conditions, short reaction time and high reaction efficiency. The silver ions (Ag+) could be added to the CNC suspension and placed in the microwave reactor for a few minutes to produce AgNPs. AgNP generation was affected by factors such as the concentrations of Ag+ and CNC, and the power of the microwave, as well as the time of reaction. In this study, we used trace amounts of AgNO3 to rapidly synthesize AgNPs using a green microwave-based method instead of Tollen's reagent, and the antibacterial activity of the T1 sample showed that only using 0.03 mM (∼0.01 wt%) AgNO3 to synthesize AgNPs@CNC could achieve good antibacterial properties. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used for applications ranging from chemical catalysis to environmental remediation, and generation of smart electronics and biological medicine such as antibacterial agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Yongchuan 402160 China
| | - Tao Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Yongchuan 402160 China
| | - Chun-Yan Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Yongchuan 402160 China
| | - Wen-Cai Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Yongchuan 402160 China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Yongchuan 402160 China
| | - Liu Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Yongchuan 402160 China
| | - He-Shan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Yongchuan 402160 China
| | - Hong-Pan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Yongchuan 402160 China
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30
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Fonseca AS, Viitanen AK, Kanerva T, Säämänen A, Aguerre-Chariol O, Fable S, Dermigny A, Karoski N, Fraboulet I, Koponen IK, Delpivo C, Vilchez Villalba A, Vázquez-Campos S, Østerskov Jensen AC, Hjortkjær Nielsen S, Sahlgren N, Clausen PA, Xuan Nguyen Larsen B, Kofoed-Sørensen V, Alstrup Jensen K, Koivisto J. Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO 2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020418. [PMID: 33430311 PMCID: PMC7825781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and personal measurements were conducted and results were used to estimate the mass flows in the facility and the airborne particle release to the outdoor environment. Airborne particle number concentration (1 × 103–1.0 × 104 cm−3), respirable mass (0.06–0.6 mg m−3), and PM10 (0.3–6.5 mg m−3) were measured during pouring activities. In overall; emissions from pouring activities were found to be dominated by coarser particles >300 nm. Even though the raw materials were not identified as nanomaterials by the manufacturers, handling of TiO2 and clays resulted in release of nanometric particles to both workplace air and outdoor environment, which was confirmed by TEM analysis of indoor and stack emission samples. During the measurement period, none of the existing exposure limits in force were exceeded. Particle release to the outdoor environment varied from 6 to 20 g ton−1 at concentrations between 0.6 and 9.7 mg m−3 of total suspended dust depending on the powder. The estimated release of TiO2 to outdoors was 0.9 kg per year. Particle release to the environment is not expected to cause any major impact due to atmospheric dilution
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Fonseca
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3916-5492
| | - Anna-Kaisa Viitanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Olivier Aguerre-Chariol
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Sebastien Fable
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Adrien Dermigny
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Nicolas Karoski
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Isaline Fraboulet
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | | | - Camilla Delpivo
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Vilchez Villalba
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Socorro Vázquez-Campos
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Alexander Christian Østerskov Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Signe Hjortkjær Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Nicklas Sahlgren
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Bianca Xuan Nguyen Larsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Vivi Kofoed-Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
- ARCHE Consulting, B-9032 Ghent, Belgium
- Air Pollution Management, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 UHEL Helsinki, Finland
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Bai L, Huan S, Zhu Y, Chu G, McClements DJ, Rojas OJ. Recent Advances in Food Emulsions and Engineering Foodstuffs Using Plant-Based Nanocelluloses. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 12:383-406. [PMID: 33297723 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-061920-123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the application of nanocelluloses, especially cellulose nanofibrils and cellulose nanocrystals, as functional ingredients in foods is reviewed. These ingredients offer a sustainable and economic source of natural plant-based nanoparticles. Nanocelluloses are particularly suitable for altering the physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional properties of foods because of their ability to create novel structures. For instance, they can adsorb to air-water or oil-water interfaces and stabilize foams or emulsions, self-assemble in aqueous solutions to form gel networks, and act as fillers or fat replacers. The functionality of nanocelluloses can be extended by chemical functionalization of their surfaces or by using them in combination with other natural food ingredients, such as biosurfactants or biopolymers. As a result, it is possible to create stimuli-responsive, tailorable, and/or active functional biomaterials suitable for a range of foodapplications. In this article, we describe the chemistry, structure, and physicochemical properties of cellulose as well as their relevance for the application of nanocelluloses as functional ingredients in foods. Special emphasis is given to their use as particle stabilizers in Pickering emulsions, but we also discuss their potential application for creating innovative biomaterials with novel functional attributes, such as edible films and packaging. Finally, some of the challenges associated with using nanocelluloses in foods are critically evaluated, including their potential safety and consumer acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China; .,Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China; .,Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ya Zhu
- Bio-Based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Guang Chu
- Bio-Based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Bio-Based Colloids and Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Shavandi A, Hosseini S, Okoro OV, Nie L, Eghbali Babadi F, Melchels F. 3D Bioprinting of Lignocellulosic Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001472. [PMID: 33103365 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The interest in bioprinting of sustainable biomaterials is rapidly growing, and lignocellulosic biomaterials have a unique role in this development. Lignocellulosic materials are biocompatible and possess tunable mechanical properties, and therefore promising for use in the field of 3D-printed biomaterials. This review aims to spotlight the recent progress on the application of different lignocellulosic materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) from various sources (wood, bacteria, and fungi) in different forms (including nanocrystals and nanofibers in 3D bioprinting). Their crystallinity, leading to water insolubility and the presence of suspended nanostructures, makes these polymers stand out among hydrogel-forming biomaterials. These unique structures give rise to favorable properties such as high ink viscosity and strength and toughness of the final hydrogel, even when used at low concentrations. In this review, the application of lignocellulosic polymers with other components in inks is reported for 3D bioprinting and identified supercritical CO2 as a potential sterilization method for 3D-printed cellulosic materials. This review also focuses on the areas of potential development by highlighting the opportunities and unmet challenges such as the need for standardization of the production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the cellulosic materials that underscore the direction of future research into the 3D biofabrication of cellulose-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter–Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles Université Libre de Bruxelles Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50‐CP 165/61 Brussels 1050 Belgium
| | - Soraya Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi 62102 Taiwan
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- Department of Process Engineering Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 China
| | - Farahnaz Eghbali Babadi
- Bio‐Circular‐Green‐economy Technology & Engineering Center BCGeTEC Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Ferry Melchels
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
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Tracey CT, Torlopov MA, Martakov IS, Vdovichenko EA, Zhukov M, Krivoshapkin PV, Mikhaylov VI, Krivoshapkina EF. Hybrid cellulose nanocrystal/magnetite glucose biosensors. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Song LY, Wu YZ, Pei XX, Li R, Chen HT, Sun XZ. Pulmonary toxicity and RNA sequencing analyses of mouse in response to exposure to cellulose nanofibrils. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:388-401. [PMID: 33043732 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1831112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The growing applications of nanocelluloses in the fields of advanced nanocomposites, electronics, and medical devices necessitate investigation of their potential adverse effects on human health. The lungs are the primary and the most important route for the entry of nanocelluloses into the human body in occupational settings. However, data on the pulmonary toxicity of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and its molecular mechanism are limited. This study investigated the pulmonary toxicity of CNFs and its genomic expression using the RNA sequencing approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were administered CNFs at 50 μg/mouse by oropharyngeal aspiration. Samples were collected at 3 and 14 days after exposure to CNFs (DAEC). RESULTS At three DAEC, the microscopic sections of lungs revealed a significant inflammatory response. In terms of gene expression alterations, 94 genes were up-regulated, and 107 genes were down-regulated. Most of these differentially expressed genes were involved in the inflammatory and immune responses, including chemokines, NK cells, killer cell lectin-like receptors, CD antigens, T cell-specific GTPases, immunity-related GTPase family M members, and interferon-induced proteins encoding genes. However, only 9 and 26 genes at 14 DAEC were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The pathological analysis of lung sections and the analysis of sequencing data suggested that the homeostasis of mice lungs was restored at 14 DAEC. The findings of this study provide insights into the pulmonary toxicity, and underlying toxicological mechanisms, caused by exposure to CNFs, and are useful for the assessment of the potential toxicity of nanocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Song
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun-Zhou Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi-Xiang Pei
- Harbin Botai Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Chen
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Zheng Sun
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Biomass-derived cellulose nanoparticles display considerable neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1783-1792. [PMID: 33045296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of nanomaterials poses a great threat to human living environments. Among them, biomass-derived cellulose nanoparticle (CN) is one of the widely used nanomaterials. To date, the toxicity of CNs during embryonic development remains undetermined. In this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to evaluate the toxicity of these CNs. Exposure to CNFs or CNCs below 30 mg/ml exhibited no dose-dependent increases in malformation and mortality in zebrafish embryos. Then we demonstrated that CNs were highly enriched in zebrafish embryo via imaging analyses of embryos treated with FITC-coupled CNCs. In addition, we found that CNF or CNC exposure resulted in compromised motor ability of zebrafish larva. Furthermore, it was revealed that the differentiation and the morphogenesis of motor neurons were significantly interrupted. While, blood vessels were normally patterned, suggesting the specific neurotoxicity of these nanomaterials. Transcriptome sequencing assay showed that the neurotoxicity of CNs in the motor neurons might be attributed to the expression alteration of neural genes. In summary, we discovered the neurotoxicity of CNs for the first time.
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36
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Stoudmann N, Schmutz M, Hirsch C, Nowack B, Som C. Human hazard potential of nanocellulose: quantitative insights from the literature. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1241-1257. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1814440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Stoudmann
- Technology and Society, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Schmutz
- Technology and Society, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Particles-Biology Interations, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Technology and Society, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Som
- Technology and Society, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St.Gallen, Switzerland
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Dai H, Wu J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Ma L, Huang H, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Recent advances on cellulose nanocrystals for Pickering emulsions: Development and challenge. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Kisin ER, Yanamala N, Rodin D, Menas A, Farcas M, Russo M, Guppi S, Khaliullin TO, Iavicoli I, Harper M, Star A, Kagan VE, Shvedova AA. Enhanced morphological transformation of human lung epithelial cells by continuous exposure to cellulose nanocrystals. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126170. [PMID: 32114335 PMCID: PMC7750788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), also known as nanowhiskers, have recently gained much attention due to their biodegradable nature, advantageous chemical and mechanical properties, economic value and renewability thus making them attractive for a wide range of applications. However, before these materials can be considered for potential uses, investigation of their toxicity is prudent. Although CNC exposures are associated with pulmonary inflammation and damage as well as oxidative stress responses and genotoxicity in vivo, studies evaluating cell transformation or tumorigenic potential of CNC's were not previously conducted. In this study, we aimed to assess the neoplastic-like transformation potential of two forms of CNC derived from wood (powder and gel) in human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in comparison to fibrous tremolite (TF), known to induce lung cancer. Short-term exposure to CNC or TF induced intracellular ROS increase and DNA damage while long-term exposure resulted in neoplastic-like transformation demonstrated by increased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion. The increased proliferative responses were also in-agreement with observed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Based on the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the inflammatory cytokine responses, CNC powder was segregated from the control and CNC-gel samples. This suggests that CNC may have the ability to influence neoplastic-like transformation events in pulmonary epithelial cells and that such effects are dependent on the type/form of CNC. Further studies focusing on determining and understanding molecular mechanisms underlying potential CNC cell transformation events and their likelihood to induce tumorigenic effects in vivo are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Kisin
- EAB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - N Yanamala
- EAB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D Rodin
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - A Menas
- EAB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M Farcas
- EAB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M Russo
- EAB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA; Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - S Guppi
- EAB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - T O Khaliullin
- EAB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, WVU, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - I Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Harper
- Zefon International, Ocala, FL, USA
| | - A Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V E Kagan
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A A Shvedova
- EAB, HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, WVU, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Dörner P, Müller PM, Reiter J, Gruhlke MC, Slusarenko AJ, Schröder W, Klaas M. Feasibility study of a surface-coated lung model to quantify active agent deposition for preclinical studies. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 76:105029. [PMID: 32422391 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple drug resistance of a growing number of bacterial pathogens represents an increasing challenge in conventional curative treatments of infectious diseases. However, the development and testing of new antibiotics is associated with a high number of animal experiments. METHODS A symmetrical parametrized lung test rig allowing the exposure of air-passage surfaces to antibiotics was designed and tested to demonstrate proof-of-principle with aerosols containing allicin, which is an antimicrobial natural product from garlic. An artificial lung surface is coated with bacteria embedded in a hydrogel and growth inhibition is visualized by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, that is reduced from colourless to the dark blue formazan in the presence of metabolically active, living cells. A nebulizer is used to generate the aerosols. FINDINGS The results show that allicin has an antibiotic effect as an aerosol and that the deposition pattern of the active agent occurred mainly around the carinal regions. INTERPRETATION The model represents an integral system for continuous, spatial detection of aerosol deposition and allows the analysis of bacterial behaviour and the toxicity of the active agent. Thus, the deposition of antimicrobial aerosols on the bronchial surfaces is characterized in preliminary tests without any animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dörner
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Philipp M Müller
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Reiter
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin C Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Klaas
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Sai
- Innovation Promotion Division, Oji Holdings Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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41
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Calvino C, Macke N, Kato R, Rowan SJ. Development, processing and applications of bio-sourced cellulose nanocrystal composites. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Wang T, Zhang W, Yang S, Liu X, Zhang L. Preparation of Foam-like Network Structure of Polypyrrole/Graphene Composite Particles Based on Cellulose Nanofibrils as Electrode Material. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4778-4786. [PMID: 32201763 PMCID: PMC7081294 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Unusual polypyrrole/graphene/cellulose nanofibril (PPy/GR/CNF) composite particles were fabricated by introducing an in situ oxidative polymerization approach. Structural characterization of the composite particles showed foam-like network morphology with a large surface area of 621 m2/g. The PPy/GR/CNF sample exhibited remarkable capacitance behavior in 1 M Na2SO4. It showed a high specific capacitance of 264.3 F/g at 0.25 A/g, which represents a 51.7% increase compared to that of PPy/GR and a high capacitance of 155.5 F/g even at a high current density of 5 A/g. Meanwhile, it possessed high rate capability and good cycling performance (85.7% capacitance retention even after 1000 cycles). These excellent electrochemical performances were attributed to the structure of PPy/GR/CNF that can provide large surface areas and shorten electron diffusion pathways. More importantly, the CNF stabilized the structure of PPy and prevented chain breakdown during the charge/discharge process, which improved the cycling performance. Hence, this PPy/GR/CNF composite shows great potential for the fabrication of high-capacitance and low-cost supercapacitor electrode materials with good cycling performance.
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Sai T, Maru J, Obara S, Endoh S, Kajihara H, Fujita K. Screening of preservatives and evaluation of sterilized cellulose nanofibers for toxicity studies. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12176. [PMID: 33159502 PMCID: PMC7648261 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to establish a sterilization method for cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) dispersions that uses multiple preservatives with different hydrophilicities without affecting the physical and chemical properties of CNFs, and to provide useful information for sample preparation in future toxicity study of CNFs. METHODS Various preservatives were added to the phosphorylated CNF dispersions, endotoxin level and the numbers of bacteria and fungi in the CNF dispersion were analyzed. The pH values and viscosity of sterilized CNF dispersions were compared with those of control and autoclaved CNF dispersions. RESULTS Phosphorylated CNF dispersions at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL or lower and the addition of 10 µg/mL benzalkonium chloride alone or 250 µg/mL methyl parahydroxybenzoate and 250 µg/mL propyl parahydroxybenzoate in combination can sterilize CNF dispersions without changing the physical and chemical properties of CNFs. CONCLUSIONS We developed sterilization method for CNF dispersions that uses multiple preservatives with different hydrophilicities without affecting the physical and chemical properties of CNFs. This sterilization method for CNFs dispersions can be applied to the safety assessment of CNF with different physicochemical properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Sai
- Innovation Promotion DivisionOji Holdings CorporationTokyoJapan
| | - Junko Maru
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Sawae Obara
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Shigehisa Endoh
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Hideo Kajihara
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
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44
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Jung J, Deng Z, Zhao Y. A review of cellulose nanomaterials incorporated fruit coatings with improved barrier property and stability: Principles and applications. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeoun Jung
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyOregon State University Corvallis Oregon
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska
| | - Zilong Deng
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyOregon State University Corvallis Oregon
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyOregon State University Corvallis Oregon
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45
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Ho HV, Makkar P, Padalhin AR, Le TTT, Lee SY, Jaegyoung G, Lee BT. Preliminary studies on the in vivo performance of various kinds of nanocellulose for biomedical applications. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:942-951. [PMID: 31679436 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219883478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Van Ho
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Preeti Makkar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew R Padalhin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Thao Thi Thanh Le
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Division of Environmental Material Engineering, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwon Jaegyoung
- Division of Environmental Material Engineering, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Lin KH, Enomae T, Chang FC. Cellulose Nanocrystal Isolation from Hardwood Pulp using Various Hydrolysis Conditions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203724. [PMID: 31623140 PMCID: PMC6832231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To expand the application field of the pulping industry, this study conducted a series of sample preparations for processing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from a dry hardwood pulp to achieve optimal sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The properties of laboratory-prepared pulp CNCs (P-CNCs) were investigated with different preparation conditions including sulfuric acid concentrations, hydrolysis temperatures, and hydrolysis durations. Results showed a gradient of color changes observed with the increase of hydrolysis duration and temperature. Under certain conditions, the derived P-CNCs exhibited nanoscale dimensions, detected by transmission electron microscopy, and a crystallinity index similar to commercial products. In addition, the surface sulfate groups were assumed to be contributed by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. However, a high acid concentration and long hydrolysis processing duration introduced more sulfate groups on the derived P-CNCs, which may have acted as flame retardants and, thus, increased the amount of char residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Lin
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
- School of Forestry and Resources Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Toshiharu Enomae
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Feng-Cheng Chang
- School of Forestry and Resources Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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47
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Otuechere CA, Adewuyi A, Adebayo OL, Ebigwei IA. In vivo hepatotoxicity of chemically modified nanocellulose in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:212-223. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119881672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of cellulose is currently attracting attention as researchers attempt to take advantage of the abundance of hydroxyl groups on its surface to introduce extra biological functionality. However, the possible deleterious effect of exposure to functionalized nanocellulose (CSN) remains a concern. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of CSN modified with oxalate ester (NCD) in rats. A 7-day repeated oral toxicity study of NCD at the doses of 50 and 100 mg kg−1body weight was conducted, and plasma and liver tissue samples were assayed using biochemical analysis, liver histopathology, and protein expression. NCD, at both doses, did not significantly ( p > 0.05) alter the relative weight of liver, alkaline phosphatase activity, and lipid peroxidation levels of the animals. However, NCD at the dose of 100 mg kg−1body weight significantly elevated aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and myeloperoxidase activities. NCD also enhanced the immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and Bcl-2-associated X protein in the liver of rats. Histological observations revealed necrosis and severe cellular infiltration at the high-dose treatment. Our study provides an experimental basis for the safe application of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Otuechere
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A Adewuyi
- Division of Industrial Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - OL Adebayo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - IA Ebigwei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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48
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Wang X, Chang CH, Jiang J, Liu Q, Liao YP, Lu J, Li L, Liu X, Kim J, Ahmed A, Nel AE, Xia T. The Crystallinity and Aspect Ratio of Cellulose Nanomaterials Determine Their Pro-Inflammatory and Immune Adjuvant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901642. [PMID: 31461215 PMCID: PMC6800804 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is increasingly considered for applications; however, the fibrillar nature, crystalline phase, and surface reactivity of these high aspect ratio nanomaterials need to be considered for safe biomedical use. Here a comprehensive analysis of the impact of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and nanocrystals (CNC) is performed using materials provided by the Nanomaterial Health Implications Research Consortium of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. An intermediary length of nanocrystals is also derived by acid hydrolysis. While all CNFs and CNCs are devoid of cytotoxicity, 210 and 280 nm fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled CNCs show higher cellular uptake than longer and shorter CNCs or CNFs. Moreover, CNCs in the 200-300 nm length scale are more likely to induce lysosomal damage, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and IL-1β production than CNFs. The pro-inflammatory effects of CNCs are correlated with higher crystallinity index, surface hydroxyl density, and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, CNFs and CNCs can induce maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and CNCs (and to a lesser extent CNFs) are found to exert adjuvant effects in ovalbumin (OVA)-injected mice, particularly for 210 and 280 nm CNCs. All considered, the data demonstrate the importance of length scale, crystallinity, and surface reactivity in shaping the innate immune response to nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Linjiang Li
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Joshua Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
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49
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Singla R, Abidi SMS, Dar AI, Acharya A. Inhibition of Glycation-Induced Aggregation of Human Serum Albumin by Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites of Iron Oxide-Functionalized Nanocellulose. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14805-14819. [PMID: 31552320 PMCID: PMC6751540 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation leads to the transformation of proteins from their soluble form to the insoluble amyloid fibrils and these aggregates get deposited in the specific body tissues, accounting for various diseases. To prevent such an aggregation, organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites of iron oxide nanoparticle (NP, ∼6.5-7.0 nm)-conjugated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from Syzygium cumini (SC) and Pinus roxburghii (PR) were chemically synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the nanocomposites suggested that the in situ-synthesized iron oxide NPs were bound to the CNC surface in a uniform and regular fashion. The ThT fluorescence assay together with 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, Congo Red, and CD studies suggested that short fiber-based SC nanocomposites showed better inhibition as well as dissociation of human serum albumin aggregates. The TEM and fluorescence microscopy studies supported similar observations. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results documented dissociation of higher protein aggregates in the presence of the developed nanocomposite. Interestingly, the dissociated proteins retained their biological function by maintaining a high amount of α-helix content. The in vitro studies with HEK-293 cells suggested that the developed nanocomposite reduces aggregation-induced cytotoxicity by intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging and maintaining the Ca2+ ion-channel. These results indicated that the hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite, with simultaneous sites for hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, tends to provide a larger surface area for nanocomposite-protein interactions, which ultimately disfavors the nucleation step for fibrillation for protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubbel Singla
- Biotechnology
Division and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Syed M. S. Abidi
- Biotechnology
Division and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Aqib Iqbal Dar
- Biotechnology
Division and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology
Division and Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
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50
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De France KJ, Badv M, Dorogin J, Siebers E, Panchal V, Babi M, Moran-Mirabal J, Lawlor M, Cranston ED, Hoare T. Tissue Response and Biodistribution of Injectable Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2235-2246. [PMID: 33405775 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based hydrogels for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications has rapidly expanded despite the minimal in vivo research reported to date. Herein, we assess both in vitro protein adsorption and cell adhesion as well as in vivo subcutaneous tissue responses and CNC biodistribution of injectable CNC-poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) hydrogels. Hydrogels with different PEG side chain lengths, CNC loadings, and with or without in situ magnetic alignment of the CNCs are compared. CNC loading has a minimal impact on protein adsorption but significantly increases cell adhesion. In vivo, both CNC-only and CNC-POEGMA injections largely stay at their subcutaneous injection site over one month, with minimal bioaccumulation of CNCs in any typical clearance organ. CNC-POEGMA hydrogels exhibit mild acute and chronic inflammatory responses, although significant fibroblast penetration was observed with the magnetically aligned hydrogels. Collectively, these results suggest that CNC-POEGMA hydrogels offer promise in practical biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily Siebers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | | | | | | | - Michael Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbus V6T 1Z3, Canada
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