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Bhati KK, Luong AM, Dittrich-Domergue F, D'Andrea S, Moreau P, Batoko H. Possible crosstalk between the Arabidopsis TSPO-related protein and the transcription factor WRINKLED1. Biochimie 2024; 224:62-70. [PMID: 38734125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study uncovers a regulatory interplay between WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a master transcription factor for glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis, and Translocator Protein (TSPO) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. We identified potential WRI1-responsive elements upstream of AtTSPO through bioinformatics, suggesting WRI1's involvement in regulating TSPO expression. Our analyses showed a significant reduction in AtTSPO levels in wri1 mutant seeds compared to wild type, establishing a functional link between WRI1 and TSPO. This connection extends to the coordination of seed development and lipid metabolism, with both WRI1 and AtTSPO levels decreasing post-imbibition, indicating their roles in seed physiology. Further investigations into TSPO's impact on fatty acid synthesis revealed that TSPO misexpression alters WRI1's post-translational modifications and significantly enhances seed oil content. Additionally, we noted a decrease in key reserve proteins, including 12 S globulin and oleosin 1, in seeds with TSPO misexpression, suggesting a novel energy storage strategy in these lines. Our findings reveal a sophisticated network involving WRI1 and AtTSPO, highlighting their crucial contributions to seed development, lipid metabolism, and the modulation of energy storage mechanisms in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Kumar Bhati
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), University of Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ai My Luong
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), University of Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Franziska Dittrich-Domergue
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sabine D'Andrea
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Henri Batoko
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), University of Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, L7.07.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Wang F, Zhao T, Feng Y, Ji Z, Zhao Q, Meng Q, Liu B, Liu L, Chen Q, Qi J, Zhu Z, Yang C, Qin J. Identification of candidate genes and genomic prediction of soybean fatty acid components in two soybean populations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:211. [PMID: 39210238 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Soybean, a source of plant-derived lipids, contains an array of fatty acids essential for health. A comprehensive understanding of the fatty acid profiles in soybean is crucial for enhancing soybean cultivars and augmenting their qualitative attributes. Here, 180 F10 generation recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from the cross-breeding of the cultivated soybean variety 'Jidou 12' and the wild soybean 'Y9,' were used as primary experimental subjects. Using inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM), this study undertook a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on five distinct fatty acid components in the RIL population from 2019 to 2021. Concurrently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on 290 samples from a genetically diverse natural population to scrutinize the five fatty acid components during the same timeframe, thereby aiming to identify loci closely associated with fatty acid profiles. In addition, haplotype analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed to predict candidate genes. The QTL analysis elucidated 23 stable QTLs intricately associated with the five fatty acid components, exhibiting phenotypic contribution rates ranging from 2.78% to 25.37%. In addition, GWAS of the natural population unveiled 102 significant loci associated with these fatty acid components. The haplotype analysis of the colocalized loci revealed that Glyma.06G221400 on chromosome 6 exhibited a significant correlation with stearic acid content, with Hap1 showing a markedly elevated stearic acid level compared with Hap2 and Hap3. Similarly, Glyma.12G075100 on chromosome 12 was significantly associated with the contents of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, suggesting its involvement in fatty acid biosynthesis. In the natural population, candidate genes associated with the contents of palmitic and linolenic acids were predominantly from the fatty acid metabolic pathway, indicating their potential role as pivotal genes in the critical steps of fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, genomic selection (GS) for fatty acid components was conducted using ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction based on both random single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and SNPs significantly associated with fatty acid components identified by GWAS. GS accuracy was contingent upon the SNP set used. Notably, GS efficiency was enhanced when using SNPs derived from QTL mapping analysis and GWAS compared with random SNPs, and reached a plateau when the number of SNP markers exceeded 3,000. This study thus indicates that Glyma.06G221400 and Glyma.12G075100 are genes integral to the synthesis and regulatory mechanisms of fatty acids. It provides insights into the complex biosynthesis and regulation of fatty acids, with significant implications for the directed improvement of soybean oil quality and the selection of superior soybean varieties. The SNP markers delineated in this study can be instrumental in establishing an efficacious pipeline for marker-assisted selection and GS aimed at improving soybean fatty acid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zengfa Ji
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qingsong Zhao
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qingmin Meng
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Luping Liu
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhengge Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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3
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Gong Y, Wang D, Xie H, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Zhang D, Jiao Y, Shi M, Lv P, Sha Q, Yang J, Chu P, Sun Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the KCS gene family in soybean ( Glycine max) reveal their potential roles in response to abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1291731. [PMID: 38116151 PMCID: PMC10728876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1291731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are fatty acids with chain lengths of 20 or more carbon atoms, which are the building blocks of various lipids that regulate developmental processes and plant stress responses. 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase encoded by the KCS gene is the key rate-limiting enzyme in VLCFA biosynthesis, but the KCS gene family in soybean (Glycine max) has not been adequately studied thus far. In this study, 31 KCS genes (namely GmKCS1 - GmKCS31) were identified in the soybean genome, which are unevenly distributed on 14 chromosomes. These GmKCS genes could be phylogenetically classified into seven groups. A total of 27 paralogous GmKCS gene pairs were identified with their Ka/Ks ratios indicating that they had undergone purifying selection during soybean genome expansion. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that GmKCS promoters contained multiple hormone- and stress-responsive elements, indicating that GmKCS gene expression levels may be regulated by various developmental and environmental stimuli. Expression profiles derived from RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR experiments indicated that GmKCS genes were diversely expressed in different organs/tissues, and many GmKCS genes were found to be differentially expressed in the leaves under cold, heat, salt, and drought stresses, suggesting their critical role in soybean resistance to abiotic stress. These results provide fundamental information about the soybean KCS genes and will aid in their further functional elucidation and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pengfei Chu
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yongwang Sun
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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4
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Luzarowska U, Ruß AK, Joubès J, Batsale M, Szymański J, P Thirumalaikumar V, Luzarowski M, Wu S, Zhu F, Endres N, Khedhayir S, Schumacher J, Jasinska W, Xu K, Correa Cordoba SM, Weil S, Skirycz A, Fernie AR, Li-Beisson Y, Fusari CM, Brotman Y. Hello darkness, my old friend: 3-KETOACYL-COENZYME A SYNTHASE4 is a branch point in the regulation of triacylglycerol synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1984-2005. [PMID: 36869652 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids are important as alternative sources of carbon and energy when sugars or starch are limited. Here, we applied combined heat and darkness or extended darkness to a panel of ∼300 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions to study lipid remodeling under carbon starvation. Natural allelic variation at 3-KETOACYL-COENZYME A SYNTHASE4 (KCS4), a gene encoding an enzyme involved in very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis, underlies the differential accumulation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (puTAGs) under stress. Ectopic expression of KCS4 in yeast and plants proved that KCS4 is a functional enzyme localized in the endoplasmic reticulum with specificity for C22 and C24 saturated acyl-CoA. Allelic mutants and transient overexpression in planta revealed the differential role of KCS4 alleles in VLCFA synthesis and leaf wax coverage, puTAG accumulation, and biomass. Moreover, the region harboring KCS4 is under high selective pressure and allelic variation at KCS4 correlates with environmental parameters from the locales of Arabidopsis accessions. Our results provide evidence that KCS4 plays a decisive role in the subsequent fate of fatty acids released from chloroplast membrane lipids under carbon starvation. This work sheds light on both plant response mechanisms and the evolutionary events shaping the lipidome under carbon starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Luzarowska
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anne-Kathrin Ruß
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, University Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Marguerite Batsale
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, CNRS, University Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Marcin Luzarowski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Feng Zhu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Niklas Endres
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sarah Khedhayir
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Department for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weronika Jasinska
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ke Xu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Simy Weil
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institute de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ., F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Corina M Fusari
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ Rosario, Argentina
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Khan UM, Rana IA, Shaheen N, Raza Q, Rehman HM, Maqbool R, Khan IA, Atif RM. Comparative phylogenomic insights of KCS and ELO gene families in Brassica species indicate their role in seed development and stress responsiveness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3577. [PMID: 36864046 PMCID: PMC9981734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) possess more than twenty carbon atoms and are the major components of seed storage oil, wax, and lipids. FAE (Fatty Acid Elongation) like genes take part in the biosynthesis of VLCFAs, growth regulation, and stress responses, and are further comprised of KCS (Ketoacyl-CoA synthase) and ELO (Elongation Defective Elongase) sub-gene families. The comparative genome-wide analysis and mode of evolution of KCS and ELO gene families have not been investigated in tetraploid Brassica carinata and its diploid progenitors. In this study, 53 KCS genes were identified in B. carinata compared to 32 and 33 KCS genes in B. nigra and B. oleracea respectively, which suggests that polyploidization might has impacted the fatty acid elongation process during Brassica evolution. Polyploidization has also increased the number of ELO genes in B. carinata (17) over its progenitors B. nigra (7) and B. oleracea (6). Based on comparative phylogenetics, KCS, and ELO proteins can be classified into eight and four major groups, respectively. The approximate date of divergence for duplicated KCS and ELO genes varied from 0.03 to 3.20 million years ago (MYA). Gene structure analysis indicated that the maximum number of genes were intron-less and remained conserved during evolution. The neutral type of selection seemed to be predominant in both KCS and ELO genes evolution. String-based protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that bZIP53, a transcription factor might be involved in the activation of transcription of ELO/KCS genes. The presence of biotic and abiotic stress-related cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region suggests that both KCS and ELO genes might also play their role in stress tolerance. The expression analysis of both gene family members reflect their preferential seed-specific expression, especially during the mature embryo development stage. Furthermore, some KCS and ELO genes were found to be specifically expressed under heat stress, phosphorus starvation, and Xanthomonas campestris infection. The current study provides a basis to understand the evolution of both KCS and ELO genes in fatty acid elongation and their role in stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Muhammad Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Rana
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Center of Agricultural Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Shaheen
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Raza
- Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab, National Centre in Big Data and Cloud Computing, Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mamoon Rehman
- Center of Agricultural Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Maqbool
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ahmad Khan
- Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab, National Centre in Big Data and Cloud Computing, Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab, National Centre in Big Data and Cloud Computing, Centre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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6
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Jia L, Li Y, Tian W, Chen H, Zhu X, He G, Sang X. A very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis gene, SD38, influences plant height by activating ethylene biosynthesis in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1084-1097. [PMID: 36196616 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important trait in crop breeding, plant height is associated with lodging resistance and yield. With the identification and cloning of several semi-dwarfing genes, increasing numbers of semi-dwarf cultivars have emerged, which has led to a 'green revolution' in rice (Oryza sativa) production. In this study, we identified a rice semi-dwarf mutant, semi-dwarf 38 (sd38), which showed significantly reduced cell length. SD38 encodes a fatty acid elongase, β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, which is involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Expression analysis showed that SD38 was localized on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, and was expressed in all analyzed tissues with differential abundance. The mutation of SD38 affected lipid metabolism in the sd38 mutant. A functional complementarity test in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that SD38 was capable of complementing the deficiency of ELO3p activity in BY4741-elo3 knockout yeast cells by participating in the synthesis of C24:0 VLCFA. Significant changes were observed in the expression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis, which resulted in reduced content of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in the sd38 mutant. Exogenously supplied VLCFA (C24:0) increased the expression levels of OsACS3, OsACS4, and OsACO7 and the plant height of sd38 mutant seedlings, similar to the effect of exogenous application of ACC and ethephon. These results reveal a relationship among VLCFAs, ethylene biosynthesis, and plant height and improve our understanding of plant height development in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Jia
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijiang Tian
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua He
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchun Sang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
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7
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Park ME, Kim HU. Applications and prospects of genome editing in plant fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969844. [PMID: 36119569 PMCID: PMC9471015 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), which is a neutral lipid, has a structure in which three molecules of fatty acid (FA) are ester-bonded to one molecule of glycerol. TAG is important energy source for seed germination and seedling development in plants. Depending on the FA composition of the TAG, it is used as an edible oil or industrial material for cosmetics, soap, and lubricant. As the demand for plant oil is rising worldwide, either the type of FA must be changed or the total oil content of various plants must be increased. In this review, we discuss the regulation of FA metabolism by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9, a recent genome-editing technology applicable to various plants. The development of plants with higher levels of oleic acid or lower levels of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in seeds are discussed. In addition, the current status of research on acyltransferases, phospholipases, TAG lipases, and TAG synthesis in vegetative tissues is described. Finally, strategies for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in lipid metabolism studies are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Park ME, Lee KR, Chen GQ, Kim HU. Enhanced production of hydroxy fatty acids in Arabidopsis seed through modification of multiple gene expression. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:66. [PMID: 35717237 PMCID: PMC9206371 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castor (Ricinus communis L.) seeds contain unusual fatty acid, hydroxy fatty acid (HFA) used as a chemical feedstock for numerous industrial products. Castor cultivation is limited by the potent toxin ricin in its seeds and other poor agronomic traits, so it is advantageous to develop a suitable HFA-producing crop. Significant research efforts have been made to produce HFA in model Arabidopsis, but the level of HFA produced in transgenic Arabidopsis is much less than the level found in castor seeds which produce 90% HFA in seed oil. RESULTS We designed a transformation construct that allowed co-expression of five essential castor genes (named pCam5) involved in HFA biosynthesis, including an oleate [Formula: see text] 12-hydroxylase (FAH12), diacylglycerol (DAG) acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), phospholipid: DAG acyltransferase 1-2 (PDAT1-2), phosphatidylcholine (PC): DAG cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT) and Lyso-PC acyltransferase (LPCAT). Transgenic Arabidopsis pCam5 lines produced HFA counting for 25% in seed oil. By knocking out Arabidopsis Fatty acid elongase 1 (AtFAE1) in pCam5 using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the resulted pCam5-atfae1 lines produced over 31% of HFA. Astonishingly, the pCam5-atfae1 line increased seed size, weight, and total oil per seed exceeding wild type by 40%. Seed germination, seedling growth and seed mucilage content of pCam5-atfae1 lines were not affected by the genetic modification. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide not only insights for future research uncovering mechanisms of HFA synthesis in seed, but also metabolic engineering strategies for generating safe HFA-producing crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mid-Eum Park
- grid.263333.40000 0001 0727 6358Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- grid.420186.90000 0004 0636 2782Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace Q. Chen
- grid.417548.b0000 0004 0478 6311Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA USA
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- grid.263333.40000 0001 0727 6358Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.263333.40000 0001 0727 6358Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
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9
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Song JM, Zhang Y, Zhou ZW, Lu S, Ma W, Lu C, Chen LL, Guo L. Oil plant genomes: current state of the science. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2859-2874. [PMID: 35560205 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are an indispensable nutritional component of the human diet as well as important raw materials for a variety of industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, oleochemicals, and biofuels. Oil plant genomes are highly diverse, and their genetic variation leads to a diversity in oil biosynthesis and accumulation along with agronomic traits. This review discusses plant oil biosynthetic pathways, current state of genome assembly, polyploidy and asymmetric evolution of genomes of oil plants and their wild relatives, and research progress of pan-genomics in oil plants. The availability of complete high-resolution genomes and pan-genomes has enabled the identification of structural variations in the genomes that are associated with the diversity of agronomic and environment fitness traits. These and future genomes also provide powerful tools to understand crop evolution and to harvest the rich natural variations to improve oil crops for enhanced productivity, oil quality, and adaptability to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Wang P, Xiong X, Zhang X, Wu G, Liu F. A Review of Erucic Acid Production in Brassicaceae Oilseeds: Progress and Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High and Low-Erucic Acid Rapeseeds ( Brassica napus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899076. [PMID: 35645989 PMCID: PMC9131074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Erucic acid (C22:1, ω-9, EA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) that is an important oleochemical product with a wide range of uses in metallurgy, machinery, rubber, the chemical industry, and other fields because of its hydrophobicity and water resistance. EA is not easily digested and absorbed in the human body, and high-EA rapeseed (HEAR) oil often contains glucosinolates. Both glucosinolates and EA are detrimental to health and can lead to disease, which has resulted in strict guidelines by regulatory bodies on maximum EA contents in oils. Increasingly, researchers have attempted to enhance the EA content in Brassicaceae oilseeds to serve industrial applications while conversely reducing the EA content to ensure food safety. For the production of both LEAR and HEAR, biotechnology is likely to play a fundamental role. Elucidating the metabolic pathways of EA can help inform the improvement of Brassicaceae oilseeds through transgenic technology. In this paper, we introduce the industrial applications of HEAR oil and health benefits of low-EA rapeseed (LEAR) oil first, following which we review the biosynthetic pathways of EA, introduce the EA resources from plants, and focus on research related to the genetic engineering of EA in Brassicaceae oilseeds. In addition, the effects of the environment on EA production are addressed, and the safe cultivation of HEAR and LEAR is discussed. This paper supports further research into improving FAs in Brassicaceae oilseeds through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding techniques, thereby advancing the commercialization of transgenic products for better application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding Technology Innovation and Integration, Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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11
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Rui C, Chen X, Xu N, Wang J, Zhang H, Li S, Huang H, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Lu X, Wang D, Gao W, Ye W. Identification and Structure Analysis of KCS Family Genes Suggest Their Reponding to Regulate Fiber Development in Long-Staple Cotton Under Salt-Alkaline Stress. Front Genet 2022; 13:812449. [PMID: 35186036 PMCID: PMC8850988 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.812449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) gene family catalyzed a β ketoacyl-CoA synthase, which was the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Gossypium barbadense was well-known not only for high-quality fiber, which was perceived as a cultivated species of Gossypium. In this study, a total of 131 KCS genes were identified in four cotton species, there were 38, 44, 26, 23 KCS genes in the G. barbadense, the G. hirsutum, the G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. The gene structure and expression pattern were analyzed. GBKCS genes were divided into six subgroups, the chromosome distribution of members of the family were mapped. The prediction of cis-acting elements of the GBKCS gene promoters suggested that the GBKCS genes may be involved in hormone signaling, defense and the stress response. Collinearity analysis on the KCS genes of the four cotton species were formulated. Tandem duplication played an indispensable role in the evolution of the KCS gene family. Specific expression analysis of 20 GBKCS genes indicated that GBKCS gene were widely expressed in the first 25 days of fiber development. Among them, GBKCS3, GBKCS8, GBKCS20, GBKCS34 were expressed at a high level in the initial long-term level of the G. barbadense fiber. This study established a foundation to further understanding of the evolution of KCS genes and analyze the function of GBKCS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Rui
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shengmei Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Delong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, China
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12
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Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101138. [PMID: 34774919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.
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13
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Ma S, Du C, Taylor DC, Zhang M. Concerted increases of FAE1 expression level and substrate availability improve and singularize the production of very-long-chain fatty acids in Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00331. [PMID: 34179680 PMCID: PMC8209567 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our initial goal was to evaluate the contributions of high 18:1 phosphatidylcholine and the expression level of FAE1 to the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which have wide applications as industrial feedstocks. Unexpectedly, VLCFAs were not improved by increasing the proportions of 18:1 in fad2-1 mutant, FAD2 artificial miRNA, and FAD2 co-suppression lines. Expressing Arabidopsis FAE1 resulted in co-suppression in 90% of transgenic lines, which was effectively released when it was expressed in the rdr6-11 mutant host. When FAE1 could be highly expressed, apart from its naturally preferred product, 20:1, other saturated and polyunsaturated VLCFAs also accumulated in seeds. We postulated that overabundant FAE1 might cause the diversified VLCFA profile. When FAE1 was highly expressed, knocking down FAD2 increased the content of 20:1, suggesting that the 18:1 availability in the acyl-CoA pool increased from the high 18:1-PC via acyl editing. Concurrent decreases of side products like 22:1 and 20:0 in these lines suggest that increasing availability of the preferred substrate could suppress the side elongation reactions and reverse the effect of VLCFA product diversification due to overabundant FAE1. Re-analysis of FAD2 knockdown lines indicated that increasing 18:1 led to a decrease of 22:1, which also supports the above hypothesis. These results demonstrate that 18:1 substrate could be increased by a downregulation of FAD2 and that a balance between the levels of enzyme and substrate may be crucial for engineering-specific VLCFA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ma
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Chang Du
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Present address:
School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - David C. Taylor
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Present address:
retired and lives in SaskatoonSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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14
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Jarvis BA, Romsdahl TB, McGinn MG, Nazarenus TJ, Cahoon EB, Chapman KD, Sedbrook JC. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced fad2 and rod1 Mutations Stacked With fae1 Confer High Oleic Acid Seed Oil in Pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:652319. [PMID: 33968108 PMCID: PMC8100250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.652319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is being domesticated as an oilseed cash cover crop to be grown in the off-season throughout temperate regions of the world. With its diploid genome and ease of directed mutagenesis using molecular approaches, pennycress seed oil composition can be rapidly tailored for a plethora of food, feed, oleochemical and fuel uses. Here, we utilized Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology to produce knockout mutations in the FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2) and REDUCED OLEATE DESATURATION1 (ROD1) genes to increase oleic acid content. High oleic acid (18:1) oil is valued for its oxidative stability that is superior to the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3), and better cold flow properties than the very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) erucic (22:1). When combined with a FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (fae1) knockout mutation, fad2 fae1 and rod1 fae1 double mutants produced ∼90% and ∼60% oleic acid in seed oil, respectively, with PUFAs in fad2 fae1 as well as fad2 single mutants reduced to less than 5%. MALDI-MS spatial imaging analyses of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species in wild-type pennycress embryo sections from mature seeds revealed that erucic acid is highly enriched in cotyledons which serve as storage organs, suggestive of a role in providing energy for the germinating seedling. In contrast, PUFA-containing TAGs are enriched in the embryonic axis, which may be utilized for cellular membrane expansion during seed germination and seedling emergence. Under standard growth chamber conditions, rod1 fae1 plants grew like wild type whereas fad2 single and fad2 fae1 double mutant plants exhibited delayed growth and overall reduced heights and seed yields, suggesting that reducing PUFAs below a threshold in pennycress had negative physiological effects. Taken together, our results suggest that combinatorial knockout of ROD1 and FAE1 may be a viable route to commercially increase oleic acid content in pennycress seed oil whereas mutations in FAD2 will likely require at least partial function to avoid fitness trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice A. Jarvis
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Trevor B. Romsdahl
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Michaela G. McGinn
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Tara J. Nazarenus
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - John C. Sedbrook
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
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15
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Li Z, Ma S, Song H, Yang Z, Zhao C, Taylor D, Zhang M. A 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11 (KCS11) homolog from Malania oleifera synthesizes nervonic acid in plants rich in 11Z-eicosenoic acid. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:331-342. [PMID: 33032322 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (24:1) is a major component in nerve and brain tissues and it has important applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Malania oleifera seeds contain about 40% nervonic acid. However, the mechanism of nervonic acid biosynthesis and accumulation in seeds of this endangered tree species remains unknown. In this study, developmental changes in fatty acid composition within embryos and their pericarps were investigated. Nervonic acid proportions steadily increased in developing embryos but 24:1 was not detected in pericarps at any stage. Two 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) homologs have been isolated from M. oleifera developing seeds by homologous cloning methods. Both KCSs are expressed in developing embryos but not detected in pericarps. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, these two KCSs were named as MoKCS4 and MoKCS11. Seed-specific expression of the MoKCS11 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to about 5% nervonic acid accumulation, while expression of the MoKCS4 did not show an obvious change in fatty acid composition. It is noteworthy that the transformation of the same MoKCS11 construct into two Brassica napus cultivars with high erucic acid did not produce the expected accumulation of nervonic acid, although expression of MoKCS11 was detected in the developing embryos of transgenic lines. In contrast, overexpression of MoKCS11 results in similar level of nervonic acid accumulation in camelina, a species which contains a similar level of 11Z-eicosenoic acid as does Arabidopsis thaliana. Taken together, the MoKCS11 may have a substrate preference for 11Z-eicosenoic acid, but not for erucic acid, in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shijie Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huan Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - David Taylor
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Retired from NRC Canada and lives in Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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16
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Motamedi MJ, Ebrahimi MM, Shahsavandi S, Amani J, Kazemi R, Jafari M, Salmanian AH. The Immunogenicity of a Novel Chimeric Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase-Fusion Antigen from Newcastle Disease Virus by Oral Delivery of Transgenic Canola Seeds to Chickens. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:344-354. [PMID: 32246385 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is considered as one of the most devastating infectious diseases targeting domestic birds and has considerable threat to the commercial poultry production. Two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F), act as antigens in the virus structure and also play important roles in infecting host cells. In the current study, the expression of the chimeric HN-F protein in canola seeds and its immunogenicity in chickens were investigated. The HN-F gene was cloned downstream of the fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) promoter in the binary expression vector, pBI1400-HN-F, and introduced into rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The amount of the HN-F glycoprotein was estimated up to 0.18% and 0.11% of the total soluble protein (TSP) in transgenic seeds and leaves of canola, respectively. Confirmatory analyses of 36 transgenic lines revealed that the HN-F gene was integrated into the genome. Subsequently, HN-F protein could be expressed and accumulated in the seed tissue. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens immunized orally with recombinant HN-F showed a significant rise in specific and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies 35 to 42 days post the first administration. The results implied the potential of transgenic canola seed-based expression for oral delivery of NDV immunogenic glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Motamedi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrake- Pajoohesh Blvd. 15th Km, Tehran-Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahla Shahsavandi
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Kazemi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrake- Pajoohesh Blvd. 15th Km, Tehran-Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyat Jafari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrake- Pajoohesh Blvd. 15th Km, Tehran-Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Hatef Salmanian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Shahrake- Pajoohesh Blvd. 15th Km, Tehran-Karaj Highway, P.O. Box 14965-161, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Petrie JR, Zhou XR, Leonforte A, McAllister J, Shrestha P, Kennedy Y, Belide S, Buzza G, Gororo N, Gao W, Lester G, Mansour MP, Mulder RJ, Liu Q, Tian L, Silva C, Cogan NOI, Nichols PD, Green AG, de Feyter R, Devine MD, Singh SP. Development of a Brassica napus (Canola) Crop Containing Fish Oil-Like Levels of DHA in the Seed Oil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32595662 PMCID: PMC7303301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant seeds have long been promoted as a production platform for novel fatty acids such as the ω3 long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) commonly found in fish oil. In this article we describe the creation of a canola (Brassica napus) variety producing fish oil-like levels of DHA in the seed. This was achieved by the introduction of a microalgal/yeast transgenic pathway of seven consecutive enzymatic steps which converted the native substrate oleic acid to α-linolenic acid and, subsequently, to EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA. This paper describes construct design and evaluation, plant transformation, event selection, field testing in a wide range of environments, and oil profile stability of the transgenic seed. The stable, high-performing event NS-B50027-4 produced fish oil-like levels of DHA (9-11%) in open field trials of T3 to T7 generation plants in several locations in Australia and Canada. This study also describes the highest seed DHA levels reported thus far and is one of the first examples of a deregulated genetically modified crop with clear health benefits to the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Yoko Kennedy
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Greg Buzza
- Nuseed Pty Ltd., Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Wenxiang Gao
- Nuseed Americas Inc., Woodland, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lijun Tian
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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18
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Guo W, Wu Q, Yang L, Hu W, Liu D, Liu Y. Ectopic Expression of CsKCS6 From Navel Orange Promotes the Production of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids (VLCFAs) and Increases the Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:564656. [PMID: 33123179 PMCID: PMC7573159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.564656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax is closely related to plant resistance to abiotic stress. 3-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) wax precursors. In this study, a novel KCS family gene was isolated from Newhall navel orange and subsequently named CsKCS6. The CsKCS6 protein has two main domains that belong to the thiolase-like superfamily, the FAE1-CUT1-RppA and ACP_syn_III_C domains, which exist at amino acid positions 80-368 and 384-466, respectively. CsKCS6 was expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression detected in the stigma; in addition, the transcription of CsKCS6 was changed in response to drought stress, salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Heterologous expression of CsKCS6 in Arabidopsis significantly increased the amount of VLCFAs in the cuticular wax on the stems and leaves, but there were no significant changes in total wax content. Compared with that of the wild-type (WT) plants, the leaf permeability of the transgenic plants was lower. Further research showed that, compared with the WT plants, the transgenic lines experienced less water loss and ion leakage after dehydration stress, displayed increased survival under drought stress treatment and presented significantly longer root lengths and survival under salt stress treatment. Our results indicate that CsKCS6 not only plays an important role in the synthesis of fatty acid precursors involved in wax synthesis but also enhances the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants to abiotic stress. Thus, the identification of CsKSC6 could help to increase the abiotic stress tolerance of Citrus in future breeding programs.
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19
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Zhao L, Haslam TM, Sonntag A, Molina I, Kunst L. Functional Overlap of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1041-1054. [PMID: 30715495 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) play diverse and essential roles in lipid metabolism. The genomes of model eukaryotic organisms encode multiple LACS genes, and the substrate specificities of LACS homologs often overlap substantially. Homologous LACSs tend to differ in their expression patterns, localizations, and, by extension, the metabolic pathways to which they contribute. The Arabidopsis genome encodes a family of nine LACS genes, which have been characterized largely by reverse genetic analysis of mutant phenotypes. Because of redundancy, distinguishing the contributions of some Arabidopsis LACS genes has been challenging. Here, we have attempted to clarify the functions of LACSs that functionally overlap by synopsizing the results of previous work, isolating a suite of higher-order mutants that were previously lacking, and analyzing oil, wax, cutin, cuticle permeability, fertility and growth phenotypes. LACS1, LACS2, LACS4, LACS8 and LACS9 all affect cuticular lipid metabolism, but have different precise roles. Seed set, seed weight and storage oil amounts of higher-order lacs1, lacs2, lacs4, lacs8 and lacs9 mutants vary greatly, with these traits subject to different effects of fertility and oil synthesis defects. LACS4, LACS8 and LACS9 have partially redundant roles in development, as lacs4 lacs8 and lacs4 lacs9 double mutants are dwarf. lacs4 lacs8 lacs9 triple mutants were not recovered, and are assumed to be non-viable. Together, these results sketch a complex network of functions and functional interactions within the Arabidopsis LACS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annika Sonntag
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Wayne LL, Gachotte DJ, Walsh TA. Transgenic and Genome Editing Approaches for Modifying Plant Oils. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1864:367-394. [PMID: 30415347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils are important for human and animal nutrition and as renewable resources for chemical feedstocks. We provide an overview of transgenic and genome editing approaches for modifying plant oils, describing useful model and crop systems and different strategies for transgenic modifications. We also describe new genome editing approaches that are beginning to be applied to oilseed plants and crops. These approaches are illustrated with examples for modifying the nutritional quality of vegetable oils by altering fatty acid desaturation, producing non-native fatty acids in oilseeds, and enhancing the overall accumulation of oil in seeds and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Wayne
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA.
| | - Daniel J Gachotte
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Terence A Walsh
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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21
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Augustine R, Bisht NC. Targeted silencing of genes in polyploids: lessons learned from Brassica juncea-glucosinolate system. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:51-57. [PMID: 30306251 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intron-spliced hairpin RNAi construct targeting the exonic region of BjuMYB28 driven by the native promoter is the best suited strategy for developing viable low glucosinolate lines in polyploid Brassica juncea. Targeted silencing of specific homolog(s) of a multigene family in polyploids through RNA interference (RNAi) is a challenging effort. Indian oilseed mustard (Brassica juncea), a natural allotetraploid, is expected to have 4-6 copies of every Arabidopsis gene ortholog. In the current study, we have attempted to establish the best gene silencing system suitable for BjuMYB28, a transcription factor gene, with the objective of developing low seed glucosinolate lines in B. juncea. After comparing multiple combinations of BjuMYB28 gene homologs, promoters, target regions (exon and 3' UTR) and silencing strategies (RNAi and antisense), we suggest that the intron-spliced hairpin RNAi construct targeting the specific exonic region of the BjuMYB28 gene under the control of native promoter, whose peak activity synchronises with the highest glucosinolate accumulation phase of the plant, is the best suited strategy for developing viable low glucosinolate lines in polyploid B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehna Augustine
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Naveen C Bisht
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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22
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Shojaei Jeshvaghani F, Amani J, Kazemi R, Karimi Rahjerdi A, Jafari M, Abbasi S, Salmanian AH. Oral immunization with a plant-derived chimeric protein in mice: Toward the development of a multipotent edible vaccine against E. coli O157: H7 and ETEC. Immunobiology 2018; 224:262-269. [PMID: 30579628 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The most bacterial cause of infectious diseases associated with diarrhea are enterotoxigenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (ETEC and EHEC, respectively). These strains use colonization factors for the attachment to the human intestinal mucosa, followed by enterotoxins production that could induce more host damage. The Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and colonization factors (CFs) are momentous factors for the pathogenesis of ETEC. Also, Intimin and Shiga like toxin (STX) are the main pathogenic factors expressed by EHEC. Because of mucosal surfaces are the major entry site for these pathogens, oral immunization with providing the protective secretary IgA antibody (sIgA) responses in the mucosa, could prevent the bacterial adherence to the intestine. In this study oral immunogenicity of a synthetic recombinant protein containing StxB, Intimin, CfaB and LtB (SICL) was investigated. For specific expression in canola seeds, the optimized gene was cloned in to plant expression vector containing the Fatty Acid Elongase (FAE) promoter. The evaluation of the expression level in canola seeds was approximately 0.4% of total soluble protein (TSP). Following to oral immunization of mice, serum IgG and fecal IgA antibody responses induced. Caco-2 cell binding assay with ETEC shows that the sera from immunized mice could neutralize the attachment properties of toxigenic E. coli. The reduction of bacterial shedding after the challenge of immunized mice with E. coli O157:H7 was significant. The sera from immunized mice in the rabbit ileal loop experiment exhibited a significant decrease in the fluid accumulation compared to the control. The results indicate efficacy of the recombinant chimeric protein SICL in transgenic canola seed as an effective immunogen, which elicits both systemic and mucosal immune responses as well as protection against EHEC and ETEC adherence and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shojaei Jeshvaghani
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Kazemi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Karimi Rahjerdi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyat Jafari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahsanam Abbasi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Xu Y, Caldo KMP, Pal-Nath D, Ozga J, Lemieux MJ, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Properties and Biotechnological Applications of Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase and Phospholipid:diacylglycerol Acyltransferase from Terrestrial Plants and Microalgae. Lipids 2018; 53:663-688. [PMID: 30252128 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major storage lipid in most terrestrial plants and microalgae, and has great nutritional and industrial value. Since the demand for vegetable oil is consistently increasing, numerous studies have been focused on improving the TAG content and modifying the fatty-acid compositions of plant seed oils. In addition, there is a strong research interest in establishing plant vegetative tissues and microalgae as platforms for lipid production. In higher plants and microalgae, TAG biosynthesis occurs via acyl-CoA-dependent or acyl-CoA-independent pathways. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the last and committed step in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of TAG, which appears to represent a bottleneck in oil accumulation in some oilseed species. Membrane-bound and soluble forms of DGAT have been identified with very different amino-acid sequences and biochemical properties. Alternatively, TAG can be formed through acyl-CoA-independent pathways via the catalytic action of membrane-bound phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). As the enzymes catalyzing the terminal steps of TAG formation, DGAT and PDAT play crucial roles in determining the flux of carbon into seed TAG and thus have been considered as the key targets for engineering oil production. Here, we summarize the most recent knowledge on DGAT and PDAT in higher plants and microalgae, with the emphasis on their physiological roles, structural features, and regulation. The development of various metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the TAG content and alter the fatty-acid composition of TAG is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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24
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Aoyagi T, Kobayashi M, Kozaki A. Design of a Seed-Specific Chimeric Promoter with a Modified Expression Profile to Improve Seed Oil Content. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061667. [PMID: 29874815 PMCID: PMC6032214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the yield of plant oil is an important objective to meet the demand for sustainable resources and energy. Some attempts to enhance the expression of genes involved in oil synthesis in seeds have succeeded in increasing oil content. In many cases, the promoters of seed-storage protein genes have been used as seed-specific promoters. However, conventional promoters are developmentally regulated and their expression periods are limited. We constructed a chimeric promoter that starts to express in the early stage of seed development, and high-level expression is retained until the later stage by connecting the promoters of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2 (BCCP2) gene encoding the BCCP2 subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) gene from Arabidopsis. The constructed promoter was ligated upstream of the TAG1 gene encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and introduced into Arabidopsis. Seeds from transgenic plants carrying AtTAG1 under the control of the chimeric promoter showed increased oil content (up by 18–73%) compared with wild-type seeds. The novel expression profile of the chimeric promoter showed that this could be a promising strategy to manipulate the content of seed-storage oils and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Aoyagi
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Masaya Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kozaki
- Department of Biology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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25
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Characterization of 3-ketoacyl-coA synthase in a nervonic acid producing oleaginous microalgae Mychonastes afer. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Ozseyhan ME, Kang J, Mu X, Lu C. Mutagenesis of the FAE1 genes significantly changes fatty acid composition in seeds of Camelina sativa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:1-7. [PMID: 29216494 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is a re-emerging low-input oilseed crop that has great potentials. It is necessary to ameliorate camelina oils for optimized fatty acid composition that can meet different application requirements. Camelina seed contains significant amounts of C20-C24 very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) that may not be desirable. We demonstrated that these VLCFAs can be effectively reduced by deactivating the Fatty Acid Elongase1 (FAE1) in camelina. The allohexaploid camelina contains three alleles of FAE1 genes. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutation at the FAE1-B gene caused over 60% reduction of VLCFAs in seed. Homozygous knockout mutants were successfully created in a single generation by simultaneously targeting three FAE1 alleles using the CRISPR technology with an egg cell-specific Cas9 expression. VLCFAs were reduced to less than 2% of total fatty acids compared to over 22% in the wild type, and the C18 unsaturated fatty acids were concomitantly increased. The fae1 mutants were indistinguishable from wild type in seed physiology and plant growth. This study demonstrated that the CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be effectively applied to the polyploid crop camelina to rapidly obtain desired traits such as optimal fatty acid composition in its seed oil. Knocking out FAE1 also provides a means to increase the levels of oleic acid or α-linolenic acid in camelina oils that are desirable for industrial or food/feed uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet E Ozseyhan
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Jinling Kang
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Mu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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27
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Li D, Lei Z, Xue J, Zhou G, Hang Y, Sun X. Regulation of FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 expression and production in Brassica oleracea and Capsella rubella. PLANTA 2017; 246:763-778. [PMID: 28674753 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of variations in coding regions or promoters to the changes in FAE1 expression levels have be quantified and compared in parallel by specifically designed swapping constructs. FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (FAE1) is a key gene in control of erucic acid synthesis in plant seeds. The expression of FAE1 genes in Brassica oleracea and Capsella rubella, representatives of high and low erucic acid species, respectively, was characterized to provide insight into the regulation of very long-chain fatty-acid biosynthesis in seeds. Virtually, no methylation was detected either in B. oleracea or in C. rubella, suggesting that modification of promoter methylation might not be a predominant mechanism. Swapping constructs were specifically designed to quantify and compare the contribution of variations in coding regions or promoters to the changes in FAE1 expression levels in parallel. A significantly higher fold change in erucic acid content was observed when swapping coding regions rather than when swapping promoters, indicating that the coding region is a major determinant of the catalytic power of β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase proteins. Common motifs have been proposed as essential for the preservation of basic gene expression patterns, such as seed-specific expression. However, the occurrence of variation in common cis-elements or the presence of species-specific cis-elements might be plausible mechanisms for changes in the expression levels in different organisms. In addition, conflicting observations in previous reports associated with FAE1 expression are discussed, and we suggest that caution should be taken when selecting a plant transformation vector and in interpreting the results obtained from vectors carrying the CaMV 35S promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinghong Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayu Xue
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangcan Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueyu Hang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Sun
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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28
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Hegebarth D, Buschhaus C, Joubès J, Thoraval D, Bird D, Jetter R. Arabidopsis ketoacyl-CoA synthase 16 (KCS16) forms C 36 /C 38 acyl precursors for leaf trichome and pavement surface wax. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1761-1776. [PMID: 28477442 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aliphatic waxes sealing plant surfaces against environmental stress are generated by fatty acid elongase complexes, each containing a β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) enzyme that catalyses a crucial condensation forming a new C─C bond to extend the carbon backbone. The relatively high abundance of C35 and C37 alkanes derived from C36 and C38 acyl-CoAs in Arabidopsis leaf trichomes (relative to other epidermis cells) suggests differences in the elongation machineries of different epidermis cell types, possibly involving KCS16, a condensing enzyme expressed preferentially in trichomes. Here, KCS16 was found expressed primarily in Arabidopsis rosette leaves, flowers and siliques, and the corresponding protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The cuticular waxes on young leaves and isolated leaf trichomes of ksc16 loss-of-function mutants were depleted of C35 and C37 alkanes and alkenes, whereas expression of Arabidopsis KCS16 in yeast and ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in accumulation of C36 and C38 fatty acid products. Taken together, our results show that KCS16 is the sole enzyme catalysing the elongation of C34 to C38 acyl-CoAs in Arabidopsis leaf trichomes and that it contributes to the formation of extra-long compounds in adjacent pavement cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hegebarth
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christopher Buschhaus
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, UMR5200, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Thoraval
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, UMR5200, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Bird
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, Alberta, T3E 6K6, Canada
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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29
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Song Z, Mietkiewska E, Weselake RJ. The linin promoter is highly effective in enhancing punicic acid production in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:447-457. [PMID: 27999978 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced levels of punicic acid were produced in the seed oil of Arabidopsis over-expressing pomegranate FATTY ACID CONJUGASE driven by heterologous promoters, among which the linin promoter was the most efficient. Fatty acids with conjugated double bonds play a special role in determining both the nutritional and industrial uses of plant oils. Punicic acid (18:3Δ9cis,11trans,13cis ), a conjugated fatty acid naturally enriched in the pomegranate (Punica granatum) seeds, has gained increasing attention from the biotechnology community toward its production in metabolically engineered oilseed crops because of its significant health benefits. The present study focused on selecting the best heterologous promoter to drive the expression of the P. granatum FATTY ACID CONJUGASE (PgFADX) cDNA as a means of producing punicic acid in Arabidopsis seed oil. Among the four promoters of genes encoding seed storage proteins from different crop species, the linin promoter led to the highest accumulation of punicic acid (13.2% of total fatty acids in the best homozygous line). Analysis of the relative expression level of PgFADX in developing seeds further confirmed that the linin promoter was most efficient in Arabidopsis. In addition, a conserved profile of cis-regulatory elements were identified in four heterologous promoters by bioinformatic analysis, and their possible roles in regulating gene expression during plant development were also discussed based on the results of this study in combination with the literature. This study contributes to metabolic engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the production of bioactive fatty acids in oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Song
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Elzbieta Mietkiewska
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Sturtevant D, Dueñas ME, Lee YJ, Chapman KD. Three-dimensional visualization of membrane phospholipid distributions in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds: A spatial perspective of molecular heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:268-281. [PMID: 27919665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has been widely used as a model plant to study acyl lipid metabolism. Seeds of A. thaliana are quite small (approximately 500×300μm and weigh ~20μg), making lipid compositional analyses of single seeds difficult to achieve. Here we have used matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to map and visualize the three-dimensional spatial distributions of two common membrane phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), in single A. thaliana seeds. The 3D images revealed distinct differences in distribution of several molecular species of both phospholipids among different seed tissues. Using data from these 3D reconstructions, the PC and PI mol% lipid profiles were calculated for the embryonic axis, cotyledons, and peripheral endosperm, and these data agreed well with overall quantification of these lipids in bulk seed extracts analyzed by conventional electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In addition, MALDI-MSI was used to profile PC and PI molecular species in seeds of wild type, fad2-1, fad3-2, fad6-1, and fae1-1 acyl lipid mutants. The resulting distributions revealed previously unobserved changes in spatial distribution of several lipid molecular species, and were used to suggest new insights into biochemical heterogeneity of seed lipid metabolism. These studies highlight the value of mass spectrometry imaging to provide unprecedented spatial and chemical resolution of metabolites directly in samples even as small as a single A. thaliana seeds, and allow for expanded imaging of plant metabolites to improve our understanding of plant lipid metabolism from a spatial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Sturtevant
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Maria Emilia Dueñas
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Kent D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
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Du H, Huang M, Hu J, Li J. Modification of the fatty acid composition in Arabidopsis and maize seeds using a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase-1 (ZmSAD1) gene. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:137. [PMID: 27297560 PMCID: PMC4906915 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (SAD) is a key enzyme that catalyses the conversion of stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) to oleoyl-ACP, a precursor for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. ZmSAD1 (GenBank: KU949326) is a major QTL for stearic acid content in maize seeds. To investigate the biological function and the application potential of maize ZmSAD1 in oil biosynthesis, we isolated the full-length ZmSAD1 cDNA from maize B73 and overexpressed it in Arabidopsis and maize. RESULTS Under seed-specific overexpression of ZmSAD1 in Arabidopsis, the stearic acid content and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds were significantly decreased relative to those in the control. Conversely, in transgenic ZmSAD1 RNAi Arabidopsis seeds, the contents of stearic acid and long-chain saturated acids and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased; in addition, the oleic acid content was significantly decreased. More importantly, transgenic ZmSAD1 maize that expressed high levels of ZmSAD1 in its mature seeds showed reduced stearic acid content (1.57 %) and a lower saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio (20.40 %) relative to those (1.64 % and 20.61 %, respectively) of the control. Conversely, down-regulation of ZmSAD1 in maize resulted in increased levels of stearic acid (1.78 %), long-chain saturated acids (0.85 %) and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (21.54 %) relative to those (1.64 %, 0.74 %, and 20.61 %, respectively) of the control, whereas the oleic acid (32.01 %) level was significantly decreased relative to that (32.68 %) of the control. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that the contents of stearic acid, oleic acid, and long-chain saturated acids, and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids, are modified in maize seeds by seed-specific overexpression or down-regulation of ZmSAD1. Therefore, the ZmSAD1 gene is a useful tool for engineering the seed oil composition in maize and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Du
- />College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025 Peoples’s Republic of China
- />Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Peoples’s Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- />College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025 Peoples’s Republic of China
| | - Jieyun Hu
- />China Agricultural University, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing, 100193 Peoples’s Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- />China Agricultural University, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing, 100193 Peoples’s Republic of China
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Xiao GH, Wang K, Huang G, Zhu YX. Genome-scale analysis of the cotton KCS gene family revealed a binary mode of action for gibberellin A regulated fiber growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:577-89. [PMID: 26399709 PMCID: PMC5061104 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Production of β-ketoacyl-CoA, which is catalyzed by 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), is the first step in very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis. Here we identified 58 KCS genes from Gossypium hirsutum, 31 from G. arboreum and 33 from G. raimondii by searching the assembled cotton genomes. The gene family was divided into the plant-specific FAE1-type and the more general ELO-type. KCS transcripts were widely expressed and 32 of them showed distinct subgenome-specific expressions in one or more cotton tissues/organs studied. Six GhKCS genes rescued the lethality of elo2Δelo3Δ yeast double mutant, indicating that this gene family possesses diversified functions. Most KCS genes with GA-responsive elements (GAREs) in the promoters were significantly upregulated by gibberellin A3 (GA). Exogenous GA3 not only promoted fiber length, but also increased the thickness of cell walls significantly. GAREs present also in the promoters of several cellulose synthase (CesA) genes required for cell wall biosynthesis and they were all induced significantly by GA3 . Because GA treatment resulted in longer cotton fibers with thicker cell walls and higher dry weight per unit cell length, we suggest that it may regulate fiber elongation upstream of the VLCFA-ethylene pathway and also in the downstream steps towards cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies/College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gai Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies/College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Kim HU, Lee KR, Jung SJ, Shin HA, Go YS, Suh MC, Kim JB. Senescence-inducible LEC2 enhances triacylglycerol accumulation in leaves without negatively affecting plant growth. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1346-59. [PMID: 25790072 PMCID: PMC5448714 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of fatty acids and glycerolipids in wild-type Arabidopsis leaves does not typically lead to strong triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) is a master regulator of seed maturation and oil accumulation in seeds. Constitutive ectopic LEC2 expression causes somatic embryogenesis and defects in seedling growth. Here, we report that senescence-inducible LEC2 expression caused a threefold increase in TAG levels in transgenic leaves compared with that in the leaves of wild-type plants. Plant growth was not severely affected by the accumulation the TAG in response to LEC2 expression. The levels of plastid-synthesized lipids, mono- and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol were reduced more in senescence-induced LEC2 than in endoplasmic reticulum-synthesized lipids, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Senescence-induced LEC2 up-regulated the expression of many genes involved in fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis at precise times in senescent leaves, including WRINKLED1 (WRI1), which encodes a fatty acid transcription factor. The expressions of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 and phospholipid:diacylglycerol 2 were increased in the transgenic leaves. Five seed-type oleosin-encoding genes, expressed during oil-body formation, and the seed-specific FAE1 gene, which encodes the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of C20:1 and C22:1 fatty acids, were also expressed at higher levels in senescing transgenic leaves than in wild-type leaves. Senescence-inducible LEC2 triggers the key metabolic steps that increase TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author: Hyun Uk Kim, Tel: 82-031-299-1703, Fax: 82-031-299-1672,
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Go
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea
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Shockey J, Mason C, Gilbert M, Cao H, Li X, Cahoon E, Dyer J. Development and analysis of a highly flexible multi-gene expression system for metabolic engineering in Arabidopsis seeds and other plant tissues. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:113-26. [PMID: 26254605 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Production of novel value-added compounds in transgenic crops has become an increasingly viable approach in recent years. However, in many cases, product yield still falls short of the levels necessary for optimal profitability. Determination of the limiting factors is thus of supreme importance for the long-term viability of this approach. A significant challenge to most metabolic engineering projects is the need for strong coordinated co-expression of multiple transgenes. Strong constitutive promoters have been well-characterized during the >30 years since plant transformation techniques were developed. However, organ- or tissue-specific promoters are poorly characterized in many cases. Oilseeds are one such example. Reports spanning at least 20 years have described the use of certain seed-specific promoters to drive expression of individual transgenes. Multi-gene engineering strategies are often hampered by sub-optimal expression levels or improper tissue-specificity of particular promoters, or rely on the use of multiple copies of the same promoter, which can result in DNA instability or transgene silencing. We describe here a flexible system of plasmids that allows for expression of 1-7 genes per binary plasmid, and up to 18 genes altogether after multiple rounds of transformation or sexual crosses. This vector system includes six seed-specific promoters and two constitutive promoters. Effective constitutive and seed-specific RNA interference gene-suppression cloning vectors were also constructed for silencing of endogenous genes. Taken together, this molecular toolkit allows combinatorial cloning for multiple transgene expression in seeds, vegetative organs, or both simultaneously, while also providing the means to coordinately overexpress some genes while silencing others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Shockey
- Commodity Utilization Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA.
| | - Catherine Mason
- Commodity Utilization Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Matthew Gilbert
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Heping Cao
- Commodity Utilization Research Unit, Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Edgar Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - John Dyer
- U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
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Wickramarathna AD, Siloto RMP, Mietkiewska E, Singer SD, Pan X, Weselake RJ. Heterologous expression of flax PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL CHOLINEPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE (PDCT) increases polyunsaturated fatty acid content in yeast and Arabidopsis seeds. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:63. [PMID: 26123542 PMCID: PMC4486708 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an agriculturally important crop with seed oil enriched in α-linolenic acid (18:3 cisΔ9, 12, 15; ALA). This polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is the major determinant for the quality of flax seed oil in food, nutraceuticals and industrial applications. The recently identified enzyme: phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT), catalyzes the interconversion between phosphatidylcholine (PC) and diacylglycerol (DAG), and has been shown to play an important role in PUFA accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Methods Two flax PDCT genes were identified using homology-based approach. Results In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of two PDCT genes from flax (LuPDCT1 and LuPDCT2) with very high nucleotide sequence identity (97%) whose deduced amino acid sequences exhibited approximately 55% identity with that of A. thaliana PDCT (AtROD1). The genes encoded functionally active enzymes that were strongly expressed in developing embryos. Complementation studies with the A. thaliana rod1 mutant demonstrated that the flax PDCTs were capable of restoring PUFA levels in planta. Furthermore, PUFA levels increased in Saccharomyces cerevisiae when the flax PDCTs were co-expressed with FATTY ACID DESATURASES (FADs), FAD2 and FAD3, while seed-specific expression of LuPDCT1 and LuPDCT2 in A. thaliana resulted in 16.4% and 19.7% increases in C18-PUFAs, respectively, with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of oleic acid (18:1cisΔ9; OA). Conclusions The two novel PDCT homologs from flax are capable of increasing C18-PUFA levels substantially in metabolically engineered yeast and transgenic A. thaliana seeds. These flax PDCT proteins appear to play an important dual role in the determination of PUFA content by efficiently channelling monounsaturated FAs into PC for desaturation and moving the resulting PUFAs out of PC for subsequent use in TAG synthesis. These results indicate that flax PDCTs would be useful for bioengineering of oil crops to increase PUFA levels for applications in human food and nutritional supplements, animal feed and industrial bioproducts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0156-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna D Wickramarathna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Rodrigo M P Siloto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Elzbieta Mietkiewska
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Roscoe TT, Guilleminot J, Bessoule JJ, Berger F, Devic M. Complementation of Seed Maturation Phenotypes by Ectopic Expression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, FUSCA3 and LEAFY COTYLEDON2 in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1215-28. [PMID: 25840088 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), FUSCA3 (FUS3) and LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2), collectively the AFL, are master regulators of seed maturation processes. This study examined the role of AFL in the production of seed reserves in Arabidopsis. Quantification of seed reserves and cytological observations of afl mutant embryos show that protein and lipid but not starch reserves are spatially regulated by AFL. Although AFL contribute to a common regulation of reserves, ABI3 exerts a quantitatively greater control over storage protein content whereas FUS3 controls lipid content to a greater extent. Although ABI3 controls the reserve content throughout the embryo, LEC2 and FUS3 regulate reserves in distinct embryonic territories. By analyzing the ability of an individual ectopically expressed AFL to suppress afl phenotypes genetically, we show that conserved domains common to each component of the AFL are sufficient for the initiation of storage product synthesis and the establishment of embryo morphology. This confirms redundancy among the AFL and indicates a threshold necessary for function within the AFL pool. Since no individual AFL was able to suppress the tolerance to desiccation, mid- and late-maturation programs were uncoupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Roscoe
- Régulations Epignetiques et Développement de la Graine, ERL 3500 CNRS-IRD, UMR DIADE, IRD centre de Montpellier, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Jocelyne Guilleminot
- Laboratoire Genome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096 CNRS-UPVD, 58 Avenue P. Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bessoule
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Bâtiment A3-INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Bâtiment A3-INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, 31030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martine Devic
- Régulations Epignetiques et Développement de la Graine, ERL 3500 CNRS-IRD, UMR DIADE, IRD centre de Montpellier, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
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Chiron H, Wilmer J, Lucas MO, Nesi N, Delseny M, Devic M, Roscoe TJ. Regulation of FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 expression in embryonic and vascular tissues of Brassica napus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 88:65-83. [PMID: 25795129 PMCID: PMC4408364 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The expression of the FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 genes was characterised to provide insight into the regulation of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis in Brassica napus embryos. Each of the two rapeseed homoeologous genes (Bn-FAE1.1 and Bn-FAE1.2) encoding isozymes of 3-keto-acylCoA synthase, a subunit of the cytoplasmic acyl-CoA elongase complex that controls the production of elongated fatty acids, are expressed predominantly in developing seeds. The proximal regions of the Bn-FAE1.1 and Bn-FAE1.2 promoters possess strong sequence identity suggesting that transcriptional control of expression is mediated by this region which contains putative cis-elements characteristic of those found in the promoters of genes expressed in embryo and endosperm. Histochemical staining of rapeseed lines expressing Bn-FAE1.1 promoter:reporter gene fusions revealed a strong expression in the embryo cotyledon and axis throughout the maturation phase. Quantitative analyses revealed the region, -331 to -149, exerts a major control on cotyledon specific expression and the level of expression. A second region, -640 to -475, acts positively to enhance expression levels and extends expression of Bn-FAE1.1 into the axis and hypocotyl but also acts negatively to repress expression in the root meristem. The expression of the Bn-FAE1.1 gene was not restricted to the seed but was also detected in the vascular tissues of germinating seedlings and mature plants in the fascicular cambium tissue present in roots, stem and leaf petiole. We propose that Bn-FAE1.1 expression in vascular tissue may contribute VLCFA for barrier lipid synthesis and reflects the ancestral function of FAE1 encoded 3-keto-acylCoA synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Chiron
- Laboratoire Genome et Developpement des Plantes, CNRS-UP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Jeroen Wilmer
- BIOGEMMA, Chappes Research Centre, Route d’Ennezat, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Marie-Odile Lucas
- UMR1349 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-Université de Rennes, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Nesi
- UMR1349 INRA-Agrocampus Ouest-Université de Rennes, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Michel Delseny
- Laboratoire Genome et Developpement des Plantes, CNRS-UP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Martine Devic
- Laboratoire Genome et Developpement des Plantes, CNRS-UP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Present Address: CNRS ERL5300 Epigenetic Regulation and Seed Development Group, IRD UMR232 DIADE, Institute de Recherche pour le Développment, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Thomas J. Roscoe
- Laboratoire Genome et Developpement des Plantes, CNRS-UP UMR5096, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Present Address: CNRS ERL5300 Epigenetic Regulation and Seed Development Group, IRD UMR232 DIADE, Institute de Recherche pour le Développment, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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Lee KR, Chen GQ, Kim HU. Current progress towards the metabolic engineering of plant seed oil for hydroxy fatty acids production. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:603-615. [PMID: 25577331 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy fatty acids produced in plant seed oil are important industrial material. This review focuses on the use of metabolic engineering approaches for the production of hydroxy fatty acids in transgenic plants. Vegetable oil is not only edible but can also be used for industrial purposes. The industrial demand for vegetable oil will increase with the continued depletion of fossil fuels and ensuing environmental issues such as climate change, caused by increased carbon dioxide in the air. Some plants accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids in their seeds, and these fatty acids (FAs) have properties that make them suitable for industrial applications. Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) are some of the most important of these industrial FAs. Castor oil is the conventional source of HFA. However, due to the presence of toxin ricin in its seeds, castor is not cultivated on a large scale. Lesquerella is another HFA accumulator and is currently being developed as a new crop for a safe source of HFAs. The mechanisms of HFA synthesis and accumulation have been extensively studied using castor genes and the model plant Arabidopsis. HFAs accumulated to 17% in the seed oil of Arabidopsis expressing a FA hydroxylase gene from castor (RcFAH12), but its seed oil content and plant growth decreased. When RcFAH12 gene was coexpressed with additional castor gene(s) in Arabidopsis, ~30% HFAs were accumulated and the seed oil content and plant growth was almost restored to the wild-type level. Further advancement of our understanding of pathways, genes and regulatory mechanisms underlying synthesis and accumulation of HFAs is essential to developing and implementing effective genetic approaches for enhancing HFA production in oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 560-500, Republic of Korea
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Gupta S, Garg V, Bhatia S. A new set of ESTs from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) embryo reveals two novel F-box genes, CarF-box_PP2 and CarF-box_LysM, with potential roles in seed development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121100. [PMID: 25803812 PMCID: PMC4372429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the economic importance of chickpea (C. arietinum L.) seeds, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying seed development for which a cDNA library was constructed from 6 day old chickpea embryos. A total of 8,186 ESTs were obtained from which 4,048 high quality ESTs were assembled into 1,480 unigenes that majorly encoded genes involved in various metabolic and regulatory pathways. Of these, 95 ESTs were found to be involved in ubiquitination related protein degradation pathways and 12 ESTs coded specifically for putative F-box proteins. Differential transcript accumulation of these putative F-box genes was observed in chickpea tissues as evidenced by quantitative real-time PCR. Further, to explore the role of F-box proteins in chickpea seed development, two F-box genes were selected for molecular characterization. These were named as CarF-box_PP2 and CarF-box_LysM depending on their C-terminal domains, PP2 and LysM, respectively. Their highly conserved structures led us to predict their target substrates. Subcellular localization experiment revealed that CarF-box_PP2 was localized in the cytoplasm and CarF-box_LysM was localized in the nucleus. We demonstrated their physical interactions with SKP1 protein, which validated that they function as F-box proteins in the formation of SCF complexes. Sequence analysis of their promoter regions revealed certain seed specific cis-acting elements that may be regulating their preferential transcript accumulation in the seed. Overall, the study helped in expanding the EST database of chickpea, which was further used to identify two novel F-box genes having a potential role in seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vanika Garg
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Lipidomics in situ: Insights into plant lipid metabolism from high resolution spatial maps of metabolites. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 54:32-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang Z, Chen M, Chen T, Xuan L, Li Z, Du X, Zhou L, Zhang G, Jiang L. TRANSPARENT TESTA2 regulates embryonic fatty acid biosynthesis by targeting FUSCA3 during the early developmental stage of Arabidopsis seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:757-69. [PMID: 24397827 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
TRANSPARENT TESTA2 (TT2) regulates the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat of Arabidopsis. We recently found that TT2 also participates in inhibition of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in the seed embryo. However, the mechanism by which TT2 suppresses the accumulation of seed FA remains unclear. In this study, we show that TT2 is expressed in embryos at an early developmental stage. TT2 is directly bound to the regulatory region of FUSCA3 (FUS3), and mediates the expression of numerous genes in the FA biosynthesis pathway. These genes include BCCP2, CAC2, MOD1 and KASII, which encode proteins involved in the initial steps of FA chain formation, FAD2 and FAD3, which are responsible for FA desaturation, and FAE1, which catalyzes very-long-chain FA elongation. Loss of function of TT2 results in reduced expression of GLABRA2 but does not cause a significant reduction in the mucilage attached to the seed coats, which competes with FA for photosynthates. TT2 is expressed in both maternal seed coats and embryonic tissues, but proanthocyanidins are only found in wild-type seed coats and not in embryonic tissues. The amount of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat is negatively correlated with the amount of FAs in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Kim HU, Jung SJ, Lee KR, Kim EH, Lee SM, Roh KH, Kim JB. Ectopic overexpression of castor bean LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) in Arabidopsis triggers the expression of genes that encode regulators of seed maturation and oil body proteins in vegetative tissues. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 4:25-32. [PMID: 24363987 PMCID: PMC3863707 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) gene plays critically important regulatory roles during both early and late embryonic development. Here, we report the identification of the LEC2 gene from the castor bean plant (Ricinus communis), and characterize the effects of its overexpression on gene regulation and lipid metabolism in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. LEC2 exists as a single-copy gene in castor bean, is expressed predominantly in embryos, and encodes a protein with a conserved B3 domain, but different N- and C-terminal domains to those found in LEC2 from Arabidopsis. Ectopic overexpression of LEC2 from castor bean under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in Arabidopsis plants induces the accumulation of transcripts that encodes five major transcription factors (the LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE (L1L), FUSCA3 (FUS3), and ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) transcripts for seed maturation, and WRINKELED1 (WRI1) transcripts for fatty acid biosynthesis), as well as OLEOSIN transcripts for the formation of oil bodies in vegetative tissues. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants that express the LEC2 gene from castor bean show a range of dose-dependent morphological phenotypes and effects on the expression of LEC2-regulated genes during seedling establishment and vegetative growth. Expression of castor bean LEC2 in Arabidopsis increased the expression of fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) and induced the accumulation of triacylglycerols, especially those containing the seed-specific fatty acid, eicosenoic acid (20:1Δ11), in vegetative tissues. Castor bean LEC2 is single copy and shows seed-specific expression. Over-expression of castor LEC2 induces genes involved in seed maturation in leaves. Castor LEC2 induces the accumulation of triacylglycerols and 20:1 fatty acids in leaves. Ectopic expression of castor LEC2 in Arabidopsis affects plant growth.
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Key Words
- ABI3-VP1, abscisic acid-insensitive 3-viviparous 1
- CaMV, cauliflower mosaic virus
- Castor bean
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DIG, digoxigenin
- Eicosenoic acid
- FAE1, fatty acid elongase 1
- GC, gas chromatography
- LEAFY COTYLEDON2
- ORF, open reading frame
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SSC, sodium chloride-sodium citrate
- Seed maturation
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- TF, transcription factor
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- Transcription factor
- Triacylglycerol
- cDNA, complementary DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Roh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
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Cheng J, Zhu LH, Salentijn EMJ, Huang B, Gruber J, Dechesne AC, Krens FA, Qi W, Visser RGF, van Loo EN. Functional analysis of the omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (CaFAD2) gene family of the oil seed crop Crambe abyssinica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:146. [PMID: 24083776 PMCID: PMC3829706 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crambe abyssinica produces high erucic acid (C22:1, 55-60%) in the seed oil, which can be further increased by reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels. The omega-6 fatty acid desaturase enzyme (FAD2) is known to be involved in PUFA biosynthesis. In crambe, three CaFAD2 genes, CaFAD2-C1, CaFAD2-C2 and CaFAD2-C3 are expressed. RESULTS The individual effect of each CaFAD2 gene on oil composition was investigated through studying transgenic lines (CaFAD2-RNAi) for differential expression levels in relation to the composition of seed-oil. Six first generation transgenic plants (T1) showed C18:1 increase (by 6% to 10.5%) and PUFA reduction (by 8.6% to 10.2%). The silencing effect in these T1-plants ranged from the moderate silencing (40% to 50% reduction) of all three CaFAD2 genes to strong silencing (95% reduction) of CaFAD2-C3 alone. The progeny of two T1-plants (WG4-4 and WG19-6) was further analysed. Four or five transgene insertions are characterized in the progeny (T2) of WG19-6 in contrast to a single insertion in the T2 progeny of WG4-4. For the individual T2-plants of both families (WG19-6 and WG4-4), seed-specific silencing of CaFAD2-C1 and CaFAD2-C2 was observed in several individual T2-plants but, on average in both families, the level of silencing of these genes was not significant. A significant reduction in expression level (P < 0.01) in both families was only observed for CaFAD2-C3 together with significantly different C18:1 and PUFA levels in oil. CONCLUSIONS CaFAD2-C3 expression is highly correlated to levels of C18:1 (r = -0.78) and PUFA (r = 0.75), which suggests that CaFAD2-C3 is the most important one for changing the oil composition of crambe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Cheng
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Elma MJ Salentijn
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bangquan Huang
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jens Gruber
- Institute for Biology I-Botany, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Frans A Krens
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weicong Qi
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Richard GF Visser
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N van Loo
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 16, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Petrie JR, Shrestha P, Zhou XR, Mansour MP, Liu Q, Belide S, Nichols PD, Singh SP. Metabolic engineering plant seeds with fish oil-like levels of DHA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49165. [PMID: 23145108 PMCID: PMC3492320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA) have critical roles in human health and development with studies indicating that deficiencies in these fatty acids can increase the risk or severity of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases in particular. These fatty acids are predominantly sourced from fish and algal oils, but it is widely recognised that there is an urgent need for an alternative and sustainable source of EPA and DHA. Since the earliest demonstrations of ω3 LC-PUFA engineering there has been good progress in engineering the C20 EPA with seed fatty acid levels similar to that observed in bulk fish oil (∼18%), although undesirable ω6 PUFA levels have also remained high. Methodology/Principal Findings The transgenic seed production of the particularly important C22 DHA has been problematic with many attempts resulting in the accumulation of EPA/DPA, but only a few percent of DHA. This study describes the production of up to 15% of the C22 fatty acid DHA in Arabidopsis thaliana seed oil with a high ω3/ω6 ratio. This was achieved using a transgenic pathway to increase the C18 ALA which was then converted to DHA by a microalgal Δ6-desaturase pathway. Conclusions/Significance The amount of DHA described in this study exceeds the 12% level at which DHA is generally found in bulk fish oil. This is a breakthrough in the development of sustainable alternative sources of DHA as this technology should be applicable in oilseed crops. One hectare of a Brassica napus crop containing 12% DHA in seed oil would produce as much DHA as approximately 10,000 fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Petrie
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shrestha
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Maged P. Mansour
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Srinivas Belide
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kim HU, Lee KR, Go YS, Jung JH, Suh MC, Kim JB. Endoplasmic reticulum-located PDAT1-2 from castor bean enhances hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in transgenic plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 52:983-993. [PMID: 21659329 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxy-octadeca-9-enoic acid) is a major unusual fatty acid in castor oil. This hydroxy fatty acid is useful in industrial materials. This unusual fatty acid accumulates in triacylglycerol (TAG) in the seeds of the castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), even though it is synthesized in phospholipids, which indicates that the castor plant has an editing enzyme, which functions as a phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) that is specific to ricinoleic acid. Transgenic plants containing fatty acid Δ12-hydroxylase encoded by the castor bean FAH12 gene produce a limited amount of hydroxy fatty acid, a maximum of around 17% of TAGs present in Arabidopsis seeds, and this unusual fatty acid remains in phospholipids of cell membranes in seeds. Identification of ricinoleate-specific PDAT from castor bean and manipulation of the phospholipid editing system in transgenic plants will enhance accumulation of the hydroxy fatty acid in transgenic seeds. The castor plant has three PDAT genes; PDAT1-1 and PDAT2 are homologs of PDAT, which are commonly found in plants; however, PDAT1-2 is newly grouped as a castor bean-specific gene. PDAT1-2 is expressed in developing seeds and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, similar to FAH12, indicating its involvement in conversion of ricinoleic acid into TAG. PDAT1-2 significantly enhances accumulation of total hydroxy fatty acid up to 25%, with a significant increase in castor-like oil, 2-OH TAG, in seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis, which is an identification of the key gene for oilseed engineering in production of unusual fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Agricultural Bio-resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Petrie JR, Shrestha P, Belide S, Mansour MP, Liu Q, Horne J, Nichols PD, Singh SP. Transgenic production of arachidonic acid in oilseeds. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:139-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Cloning and Functional Analysis of Enoyl-CoA Reductase Gene BnECR from Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-2780(11)60012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Zhao L, Katavic V, Li F, Haughn GW, Kunst L. Insertional mutant analysis reveals that long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (LACS1), but not LACS8, functionally overlaps with LACS9 in Arabidopsis seed oil biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 64:1048-58. [PMID: 21143684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are major storage materials that accumulate in developing seeds and serve as carbon and energy reserves for germination and growth of the seedling. One of the critical reactions in TAG biosynthesis is activation of fatty acyl chains to fatty acyl CoAs, catalyzed by long-chain acyl CoA synthetases (LACSs). Of the nine LACSs identified in Arabidopsis, only LACS9 is known to reside in the plastid, the site of de novo fatty acid synthesis, and is considered the major LACS isoform involved in plastidial fatty acid export for TAG formation. Because the lacs9 null mutant did not show any detectable phenotype, it was hypothesized that at least one additional LACS enzyme must be active in the plastid. Expression analyses to identify potential plastid-localized LACSs involved in TAG biosynthesis revealed that, in addition to LACS9, isoforms LACS1, LACS2, LACS4 and LACS8 are transcribed in the seed. LACS8 showed the highest expression level in the embryo and a high sequence similarity with LACS9, and was therefore characterized further and shown to be associated with the ER, not the plastid. Furthermore, disruption of LACS8 in the lacs8 mutant and lacs8 lacs9 double mutant, and over-expression of LACS8, did not affect the seed fatty acid content. In contrast, 11 and 12% decreases in fatty acid content were detected in lacs1 lacs9 and lacs1 lacs8 lacs9 seeds, respectively, indicating that LACS1 and LACS9 have overlapping functions in TAG biosynthesis. This result is surprising because, unlike LACS9, LACS1 is localized in the ER and has been shown to be involved in cuticular lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
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Fujisawa M, Misawa N. Enrichment of carotenoids in flaxseed by introducing a bacterial phytoene synthase gene. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 643:201-11. [PMID: 20552453 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-723-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are well-known natural pigments, typically ranging from yellow to red. Carotenoids are industrially utilized as functional materials due to their strong antioxidant properties. Phytoene synthesis is known to be a rate-determining step in the entire carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in plants. We show methods of pathway engineering for the enrichment of carotenoids in flaxseed (linseed; Linum usitatissimum L.), which is an industrially important oleaginous crop. A phytoene synthase gene (crtB) derived from a soil bacterium Pantoea ananatis (formerly called Erwinia uredovora) strain 20D3 was introduced into L. usitatissimum WARD cultivar. The resulting transgenic flax plants formed orange seeds, which contained phytoene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein. The total carotenoid amount in the transgenic seeds was 156 microg/g fresh weight at the maximum, corresponding to 18.6-fold increase compared with that of untransformed controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Fujisawa
- Central Laboratories for Frontier Technology, Kirin Holdings Co. Ltd., i-BIRD, Ishikawa, Japan
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50
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Mustroph A, Bailey-Serres J. The Arabidopsis translatome cell-specific mRNA atlas: Mining suberin and cutin lipid monomer biosynthesis genes as an example for data application. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:320-4. [PMID: 20220312 PMCID: PMC2881290 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.3.11187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants consist of distinct cell types distinguished by position, morphological features and metabolic activities. We recently developed a method to extract cell-type specific mRNA populations by immunopurification of ribosome-associated mRNAs. Microarray profiles of 21 cell-specific mRNA populations from seedling roots and shoots comprise the Arabidopsis Translatome dataset. This gene expression atlas provides a new tool for the study of cell-specific processes. Here we provide an example of how genes involved in a pathway limited to one or few cell-types can be further characterized and new candidate genes can be predicted. Cells of the root endodermis produce suberin as an inner barrier between the cortex and stele, whereas the shoot epidermal cells form cutin as a barrier to the external environment. Both polymers consist of fatty acid derivates, and share biosynthetic origins. We use the Arabidopsis Translatome dataset to demonstrate the significant cell-specific expression patterns of genes involved in those biosynthetic processes and suggest new candidate genes in the biosynthesis of suberin and cutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Mustroph
- Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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