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Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhou H. Quantitative assessment of benefits and losses from the influence of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on cropland ecosystems in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175120. [PMID: 39084363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
China is facing severe atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Assessing the economic benefits and damage costs induced by N deposition can help to develop effective mitigation strategies for N emissions. A net economic benefit method was used to assess the economic impact of N deposition in cropland ecosystems in China in 2020. The results showed that atmospheric N deposition gained an economic benefit of $4896.0 million through increased yields of major grain crops and a climate benefit of $1259.3 million through cooling effects. On the other hand, N deposition induced economic losses of $6257.1 and $1063.4 million, respectively to human health and ecosystem health; excessive N deposition induced damages of $137.8 million due to reduced crop yields and $168.4 million due to the increased greenhouse gas emissions. In general, the net economic benefit was -$1471.5 million (-$5324.7 ∼ $921.4 million), indicating that China is suffering economic losses due to N deposition in cropland ecosystems. These results would provide scientific data for the government to enact efficient measures to reduce N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhen Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Guo E, Li T, Zhang Z, Guo S, Liu Z, Zhao J, Zhao C, Fan S, Shi Y, Guan K, Yang C, Yang X. Potential benefits of cropping pattern change in the climate-sensitive regions of rice production in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173281. [PMID: 38754496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Rice production is a primary contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, with unclear pathways towards carbon neutrality. Here, through a comprehensive assessment of direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emission using DNDC model and indirect GHG emission using emission factor methods, we estimated the annual crop yield, GHG emission amount and intensity, and economic benefits of different cropping patterns in the climate-sensitive regions of rice production in China. Through the expansion of single-rice and cropping pattern change from the wheat-rice to wheat-rice-rice in the climate-sensitive regions of single and triple-cropping cultivations, the total grain yield increased by 4.4 % and 4.5 % compared with the current national grain production, the GHG emission would increase by 2.4 % and 5.4 % of the current national GHG emissions from rice and wheat production, the net economic benefits could increase 0.9 % and decrease 2.0 % of the national output value of rice and wheat production. The study takes the entire-life cycle of crop growth as the principal line, and could provide a valuable reference for the regulation of the cropping pattern and the formulation of carbon reduction policies in the climate-sensitive region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjing Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Li
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shibo Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijuan Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengen Fan
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanying Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaixin Guan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Zhang H, Adalibieke W, Ba W, Butterbach-Bahl K, Yu L, Cai A, Fu J, Yu H, Zhang W, Huang W, Jian Y, Jiang W, Zhao Z, Luo J, Deng J, Zhou F. Modeling denitrification nitrogen losses in China's rice fields based on multiscale field-experiment constraints. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17199. [PMID: 38385944 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Denitrification plays a critical role in soil nitrogen (N) cycling, affecting N availability in agroecosystems. However, the challenges in direct measurement of denitrification products (NO, N2 O, and N2 ) hinder our understanding of denitrification N losses patterns across the spatial scale. To address this gap, we constructed a data-model fusion method to map the county-scale denitrification N losses from China's rice fields over the past decade. The estimated denitrification N losses as a percentage of N application from 2009 to 2018 were 11.8 ± 4.0% for single rice, 12.4 ± 3.7% for early rice, and 11.6 ± 3.1% for late rice. The model results showed that the spatial heterogeneity of denitrification N losses is primarily driven by edaphic and climatic factors rather than by management practices. In particular, diffusion and production rates emerged as key contributors to the variation of denitrification N losses. These findings humanize a 38.9 ± 4.8 kg N ha-1 N loss by denitrification and challenge the common hypothesis that substrate availability drives the pattern of N losses by denitrification in rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wulahati Adalibieke
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Ba
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Longfei Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Andong Cai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Yu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wantong Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jian
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafa Luo
- AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jia Deng
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Liang K, Qi J, Zhang X, Emmett B, Johnson JMF, Malone RW, Moglen GE, Venterea RT. Simulated nitrous oxide emissions from multiple agroecosystems in the U.S. Corn Belt using the modified SWAT-C model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122537. [PMID: 37709120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is a major source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions into the atmosphere. However, assessing the impacts of agricultural conservation practices, land use change, and climate adaptation measures on N2O emissions at a large scale is a challenge for process-based model applications. Here, we integrated six N2O emission algorithms for the nitrification processes and seven N2O emission algorithms for the denitrification process into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Carbon (SWAT-C). We evaluated the different combinations of methods in simulating N2O emissions under corn (Zea mays L.) production systems with various conservation practices, including fertilization, tillage, and crop rotation (represented by 14 experimental treatments and 83 treatment-years) at five experimental sites across the U.S. Midwest. The SWAT-C model exhibited wide variability in simulating daily average N2O emissions across treatment-years with different method configurations, as indicated by the ranges of R2, NSE, and BIAS (0.04-0.68, -1.78-0.60, and -0.94-0.001, respectively). Our results indicate that the denitrification process has a stronger impact on N2O emissions than the nitrification process. The best performing N2O emission algorithms are those rooted in the CENTURY model, which considers soil pH and respiration effects that were overlooked by other algorithms. The optimal N2O emission algorithm explained about 63% of the variability of annual average N2O emissions, with NSE and BIAS of 0.60 and -0.033, respectively. The model can reasonably represent the impacts of agricultural conservation practices on N2O emissions. We anticipate that the improved SWAT-C model, with its flexible configurations and robust modeling and assessment capabilities, will provide a valuable tool for studying and managing N2O emissions from agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Junyu Qi
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Bryan Emmett
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jane M F Johnson
- USDA-ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, Morris, MN, 56267, USA
| | - Robert W Malone
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Glenn E Moglen
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Rodney T Venterea
- USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Management Unit, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA; Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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5
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Liang K, Zhang X, Liang XZ, Jin VL, Birru G, Schmer MR, Robertson GP, McCarty GW, Moglen GE. Simulating agroecosystem soil inorganic nitrogen dynamics under long-term management with an improved SWAT-C model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162906. [PMID: 36934923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for water quality modeling, its ability to simulate soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) dynamics in agricultural landscapes has not been directly verified. Here, we improved and evaluated the SWAT-Carbon (SWAT-C) model for simulating long-term (1984-2020) dynamics of SIN for 40 cropping system treatments in the U.S. Midwest. We added one new nitrification and two new denitrification algorithms to the default SWAT version, resulting in six combinations of nitrification and denitrification options with varying performance in simulating SIN. The combination of the existing nitrification method in SWAT and the second newly added denitrification method performed the best, achieving R, NSE, PBIAS, and RMSE of 0.63, 0.29, -4.7 %, and 16.0 kg N ha-1, respectively. This represents a significant improvement compared to the existing methods. In general, the revised SWAT-C model's performance was comparable to or better than other agroecosystem models tested in previous studies for assessing the availability of SIN for plant growth in different cropping systems. Sensitivity analysis showed that parameters controlling soil organic matter decomposition, nitrification, and denitrification were most sensitive for SIN simulation. Using SWAT-C for improved prediction of plant-available SIN is expected to better inform agroecosystem management decisions to ensure crop productivity while minimizing the negative environmental impacts caused by fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
| | - Xin-Zhong Liang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Virginia L Jin
- USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Girma Birru
- USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Marty R Schmer
- USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - G Philip Robertson
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station and Dept. of Plant, Soil & Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
| | - Gregory W McCarty
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Glenn E Moglen
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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6
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Filipiak M, Gabriel D, Kuka K. Simulation-based assessment of the soil organic carbon sequestration in grasslands in relation to management and climate change scenarios. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17287. [PMID: 37441408 PMCID: PMC10333473 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for the quality and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and its sequestration plays an important role in mitigating climate change. Understanding the effects of agricultural management under future climate on the SOC balance helps decision making in environmental policies. Thereby, grasslands will play a key role, since future climate change may prolong the vegetation period. We used 24 representative grassland sites in Germany to assess the SOC balance obtained from the CANDY model in relation to ten management regimes, 18 future climate change scenarios and different soil types. Simulations were conducted over a period of 110 years. For most of the selected grassland sites an increase in both air temperature and precipitation was observed in the future climate. The effect of management on the SOC balance largely exceeded the effect of soil type and climate. An increasing management intensity (i.e. three to five cuts) generally increased the SOC balance, while extensive management (i.e. two or fewer cuts) lead to SOC losses. The seasonal variation of precipitation was the most important climate metric, with increased SOC sequestration rates being observed with increasing growing season precipitation. Clay soils had the potential for both highest gains and highest losses depending on management and precipitation. Given an overall lower SOC storage potential in sands and loams, the SOC balance in those soil types varied the least in response to climate change. We conclude that fostering SOC sequestration is possible in grassland soils by increasing management intensity, which involves increased fertilizer input and field traffic. This however may stand in conflict with other policy aims, such as preserving biodiversity. Multicriterial assessments are required to estimate the nett greenhouse gas balance and other aspects associated with these management practices at a farm scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Filipiak
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Bundesallee 58, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Thuenen Institute of Agricultural Technology, Bundesallee 47, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doreen Gabriel
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Bundesallee 58, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katrin Kuka
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Bundesallee 58, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Feng M, Peng S, Wang Y, Ciais P, Goll DS, Chang J, Fang Y, Houlton BZ, Liu G, Sun Y, Xi Y. Overestimated nitrogen loss from denitrification for natural terrestrial ecosystems in CMIP6 Earth System Models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3065. [PMID: 37244896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Denitrification and leaching nitrogen (N) losses are poorly constrained in Earth System Models (ESMs). Here, we produce a global map of natural soil 15N abundance and quantify soil denitrification N loss for global natural ecosystems using an isotope-benchmarking method. We show an overestimation of denitrification by almost two times in the 13 ESMs of the Sixth Phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6, 73 ± 31 Tg N yr-1), compared with our estimate of 38 ± 11 Tg N yr-1, which is rooted in isotope mass balance. Moreover, we find a negative correlation between the sensitivity of plant production to rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and denitrification in boreal regions, revealing that overestimated denitrification in ESMs would translate to an exaggeration of N limitation on the responses of plant growth to elevated CO2. Our study highlights the need of improving the representation of the denitrification in ESMs and better assessing the effects of terrestrial ecosystems on CO2 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Feng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- The Cyprus Institute 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Xi
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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8
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Wang H, Yan Z, Ju X, Song X, Zhang J, Li S, Zhu-Barker X. Quantifying nitrous oxide production rates from nitrification and denitrification under various moisture conditions in agricultural soils: Laboratory study and literature synthesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1110151. [PMID: 36713174 PMCID: PMC9877343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) from nitrification and denitrification in agricultural soils is a major source of N2O in the atmosphere, and its flux changes significantly with soil moisture condition. However, the quantitative relationship between N2O production from different pathways (i.e., nitrification vs. denitrification) and soil moisture content remains elusive, limiting our ability of predicting future agricultural N2O emissions under changing environment. This study quantified N2O production rates from nitrification and denitrification under various soil moisture conditions using laboratory incubation combined with literature synthesis. 15N labeling approach was used to differentiate the N2O production from nitrification and denitrification under eight different soil moisture contents ranging from 40 to 120% water-filled pore space (WFPS) in the laboratory study, while 80 groups of data from 17 studies across global agricultural soils were collected in the literature synthesis. Results showed that as soil moisture increased, N2O production rates of nitrification and denitrification first increased and then decreased, with the peak rates occurring between 80 and 95% WFPS. By contrast, the dominant N2O production pathway switched from nitrification to denitrification between 60 and 70% WFPS. Furthermore, the synthetic data elucidated that moisture content was the major driver controlling the relative contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O production, while NH4 + and NO3 - concentrations mainly determined the N2O production rates from each pathway. The moisture treatments with broad contents and narrow gradient were required to capture the comprehensive response of soil N2O production rate to moisture change, and the response is essential for accurately predicting N2O emission from agricultural soils under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Zhifeng Yan, ✉
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siliang Li
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Zhu-Barker
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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9
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Wang H, Dai Z, Trettin CC, Krauss KW, Noe GB, Burton AJ, Stagg CL, Ward EJ. Modeling impacts of drought-induced salinity intrusion on carbon dynamics in tidal freshwater forested wetlands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2700. [PMID: 35751513 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) provide critical ecosystem services including an essential habitat for a variety of wildlife species and significant carbon sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, large uncertainties remain concerning the impacts of climate change on the magnitude and variability of carbon fluxes and storage across a range of TFFW. In this study, we developed a process-driven Tidal Freshwater Wetlands DeNitrification-DeComposition model (TFW-DNDC) that has integrated new features, such as soil salinity effects on plant productivity and soil organic matter decomposition to explore carbon dynamics in the TFFW in response to drought-induced saltwater intrusion. Eight sites along the floodplains of the Waccamaw River (USA) and the Savannah River (USA) were selected to represent the TFFW transition from healthy to moderately and highly salt-impacted forests, and eventually to oligohaline marshes. The TFW-DNDC was calibrated and validated using field observed annual litterfall, stem growth, root growth, soil heterotrophic respiration, and soil organic carbon storage. Analyses indicate that plant productivity and soil carbon sequestration in TFFW could change substantially in response to increased soil pore water salinity and reduced soil water table due to drought, but in interactive ways dependent on the river simulated. These responses are variable due to nonlinear relationships between carbon cycling processes and environmental drivers. Plant productivity, plant respiration, soil organic carbon sequestration rate, and storage in the highly salt-impacted forest sites decreased significantly under drought conditions compared with normal conditions. Considering the high likelihood of healthy and moderately salt-impacted forests becoming highly salt-impacted forests under future climate change and sea-level rise, it is very likely that the TFFW will lose their capacity as carbon sinks without up-slope migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Wang
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zhaohua Dai
- Center for Forested Wetlands Research, USDA Forest Service, Cordesville, South Carolina, USA
- Michigan Technological University, College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Carl C Trettin
- Center for Forested Wetlands Research, USDA Forest Service, Cordesville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ken W Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gregory B Noe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew J Burton
- Michigan Technological University, College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Camille L Stagg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric J Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
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10
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Liao J, Luo Q, Hu A, Wan W, Tian D, Ma J, Ma T, Luo H, Lu S. Soil moisture-atmosphere feedback dominates land N 2 O nitrification emissions and denitrification reduction. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6404-6418. [PMID: 35971257 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture (SM) is essential to microbial nitrogen (N)-cycling networks in terrestrial ecosystems. Studies have found that SM-atmosphere feedbacks dominate the changes in land carbon fluxes. However, the influence of SM-atmosphere feedbacks on the N fluxes changes, and the underlying mechanisms remain highly unsure, leading to uncertainties in climate projections. To fill this gap, we used in situ observation coupled with gridded and remote sensing data to analyze N2 O fluxes emissions globally. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of temperature, hydroclimate on global N2 O fluxes, as the result of SM-atmosphere feedback impact on N fluxes. We found that SM-temperature feedback dominates land N2 O emissions by controlling the balance between nitrifier and denitrifier genes. The mechanism is that atmospheric water demand increases with temperature and thereby reduces SM, which increases the dominant N2 O production nitrifier (containing amoA AOB gene) and decreases the N2 O consumption denitrifier (containing the nosZ gene), consequently will potential increasing N2 O emissions. However, we find that the spatial variations of soil-water availability as a result of the nonlinear response of SM to vapor pressure deficit caused by temperature are some of the greatest challenges in predicting future N2 O emissions. Our data-driven assessment deepens the understanding of the impact of SM-atmosphere interactions on the soil N cycle, which remains uncertain in earth system models. We suggest that the model needs to account for feedback between SM and atmospheric temperature when estimating the response of the N2 O emissions to climatic change globally, as well as when conducting field-scale investigations of the response of the ecosystem to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiqi Luo
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Ang Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenkai Wan
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Dian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Ma
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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11
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Song H, Peng C, Zhang K, Zhu Q. Integrating major agricultural practices into the TRIPLEX-GHG model v2.0 for simulating global cropland nitrous oxide emissions: Development, sensitivity analysis and site evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156945. [PMID: 35764156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from croplands are one of the most important greenhouse gas sources while the estimation of which remains large uncertainties globally. To simulate N2O emissions from global croplands, the process-based TRIPLEX-GHG model v2.0 was improved by coupling the major agricultural activities. Sensitivity experiment was used to measure the impact of the integrated processes to modeled N2O emission found chemical N fertilization have the highest relative effect sizes. While the coefficient of the NO3- consumption rate for denitrification (COEdNO3), controlling the first step of the denitrification process was identified to be the most sensitive parameter based on sensitivity analysis of model parameters. The model performed well when simulating the magnitude of the daily N2O emissions for 39 calibration sites and the continental mean of the parameters were used to producing reasonable estimations for the means of the measured daily N2O fluxes (R2 = 0.87, slope = 1.07) and emission factors (EFs, R2 = 0.70, slope = 0.72) during the experiment periods. The model reliability was further confirmed by model validation. General trend of modeled daily N2O emissions were reasonably consistent with the observations of selected validated sites. In addition, high correlations between the results of modeled and observed mean N2O emissions (R2 = 0.86, slope = 0.82) and EFs (R2 = 0.66, slope = 0.83) from 68 validation sites were obtained. Further improvement on more detailed estimations for the variation of the environmental factors, management effects as well as accurate model input model driving data are required to reduce the uncertainties of model simulations. Consequently, our simulation results demonstrate that the TRIPLEX-GHG model v2.0 can reliably estimate N2O emissions from various croplands at the global scale, which contributes to closing global N2O budget and sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiong Song
- Institut des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institut des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada; School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Kerou Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
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12
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Swails E, Hergoualc'h K, Deng J, Frolking S, Novita N. How can process-based modeling improve peat CO 2 and N 2O emission factors for oil palm plantations? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156153. [PMID: 35609697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm plantations on peat and associated drainage generate sizeable GHG emissions. Current IPCC default emission factors (EF) for oil palm on organic soil are based on a very limited number of observations from young plantations, thereby resulting in large uncertainties in emissions estimates. To explore the potential of process-based modeling to refine oil palm peat CO2 and N2O EFs, we simulated peat GHG emissions and biogeophysical variables over 30 years in plantations of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The DNDC model simulated well the magnitude of C inputs (litterfall and root mortality) and dynamics of annual heterotrophic respiration and peat decomposition N2O fluxes. The modeled peat onsite CO2-C EF was lower than the IPCC default (11 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) and decreased from 7.7 ± 0.4 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in the first decade to 3.0 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.3 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in the second and third decades of the rotation. The modeled N2O-N EF from peat decomposition was higher than the IPCC default (1.2 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and increased from 3.5 ± 0.3 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the first decade to 4.7-4.6 ± 0.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the following ones. Modeled fertilizer-induced N2O emissions were minimal and much less than 1.6% of N inputs recommended by the IPCC in wet climates regardless of soil type. Temporal variations in EFs were strongly linked to soil C:N ratio and soil mineral N content for CO2 and fertilizer-induced N2O emissions, and to precipitation, water table level and soil NH4+ content for peat decomposition N2O emissions. These results suggest that current IPCC EFs for oil palm on organic soil could over-estimate peat onsite CO2 emissions and underestimate peat decomposition N2O emissions and that temporal variation in emissions should be considered for further improvement of EFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Swails
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor 16115, Indonesia.
| | - Kristell Hergoualc'h
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
| | - Jia Deng
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Steve Frolking
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Nisa Novita
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah 3(rd) floor, Jalan Iskandarsyah Raya 66 C, 12160 Jakarta, Indonesia
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13
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Wang Y, Tao F, Yin L, Chen Y. Spatiotemporal changes in greenhouse gas emissions and soil organic carbon sequestration for major cropping systems across China and their drivers over the past two decades. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155087. [PMID: 35421495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chinese agricultural systems have experienced dramatic changes in crop planting area, cropping system, irrigation and fertilization managements, and crop yields in recent decades. These changes can substantially affect greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in croplands. However, the spatiotemporal patterns, as well as their driving factors and mechanisms, have not been well understood. Here, the Denitrification-Decomposition model is calibrated and validated to estimate nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions and SOC sequestration for seven major cropping systems in China during 2001-2020. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method is further applied to attribute the net GHG emissions (NGEs) trend to various drivers. The results show that the total N2O emissions, CH4 emissions, and SOC sequestration were approximately 23.7, 182.0, and 177.6 Tg CO2-eq/year in the croplands across China. The national average NGEs per unit area ranged from -8705 to 8431 kg CO2-eq ha-1 year-1 across the major cropping systems. During 2001-2020, the trend in national annual NGEs was 0.66 kg CO2-eq ha-1 year-2, ranging from -78.9 to 82.2 kg CO2-eq ha-1 year-2 across the major cropping systems. The paddy lands were mainly a carbon source due to the large amount of CH4 emissions while the uplands could be a carbon sink owing to SOC sequestration. As a whole, the cropland in China was a carbon source with the NGEs equal to 28.4 Tg CO2-eq/year, and the NGEs increased by 0.047 Tg CO2-eq/year2 in the past 20 years. Nationally, changes in crop planting area and yields reduced the NGEs whereas changes in nitrogen use efficiency and cropping systems increased them, although the major factors and their impacts varied greatly among regions. Optimizing cropping systems and nitrogen fertilization based on the local genotype, environment and management should be the most effective method to reduce the NGEs in croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fulu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki 00790, Finland.
| | - Lichang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Contribution of Incorporating the Phosphorus Cycle into TRIPLEX-CNP to Improve the Quantification of Land Carbon Cycle. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a key and a limiting nutrient in ecosystems and plays an important role in many physiological and biochemical processes, affecting both terrestrial ecosystem productivity and soil carbon storage. However, only a few global land surface models have incorporated P cycle and used to investigate the interactions of C-N-P and its limitation on terrestrial ecosystems. The overall objective of this study was to integrate the P cycle and its interaction with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) into new processes model of TRIPLEX-CNP. In this study, key processes of the P cycle, including P pool sizes and fluxes in plant, litter, and soil were integrated into a new model framework, TRIPLEX-CNP. We also added dynamic P:C ratios for different ecosystems. Based on sensitivity analysis results, we identified the phosphorus resorption coefficient of leaf (rpleaf) as the most influential parameter to gross primary productivity (GPP) and biomass, and determined optimal coefficients for different plant functional types (PFTs). TRIPLEX-CNP was calibrated with 49 sites and validated against 116 sites across eight biomes globally. The results suggested that TRIPLEX-CNP performed well on simulating the global GPP and soil organic carbon (SOC) with respective R2 values of 0.85 and 0.78 (both p < 0.01) between simulated and observed values. The R2 of simulation and observation of total biomass are 0.67 (p < 0.01) by TRIPLEX-CNP. The overall model performance had been improved in global GPP, total biomass and SOC after adding the P cycle comparing with the earlier version. Our work represents the promising step toward new coupled ecosystem process models for improving the quantifications of land carbon cycle and reducing uncertainty.
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15
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Zhang K, Peng C, Zhu Q, Li M, Yan Z, Li M, Yan L, Zhang X, Wang J, Li Y, Kang E, Song H, Kang X. Estimating natural nitrous oxide emissions from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using a process-based model: Historical spatiotemporal patterns and future trends. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Wang G, Mao J, Fan L, Ma X, Li Y. Effects of climate and grazing on the soil organic carbon dynamics of the grasslands in Northern Xinjiang during the past twenty years. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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17
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Yang Y, Liu L, Bai Z, Xu W, Zhang F, Zhang X, Liu X, Xie Y. Comprehensive quantification of global cropland ammonia emissions and potential abatement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151450. [PMID: 34742964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions mostly from agriculture result in air pollution and degrade human health. However, a full picture of soil NH3 emissions and associated abatement in cropping systems are not well understood. Here we present a thorough analysis of cropland NH3 emissions, discuss mitigation potential and assess associated abatement costs. Global cropland NH3 emissions account for 26% of total soil nitrogen losses, and are estimated as 22.8-31.2 Tg N yr-1 during 1996-2013 with the increase rate of 1.6% yr-1. Our results also show that, with no increase in nitrogen fertilizer, climate change can contribute to an additional 10% increase in cropland NH3 emissions in 2100 compared to the 2010 baseline. Instead, our scenario analysis show, cropland NH3 emissions will decline by 26% from 2010 to 2100 given a 0.5% yr-1 decrease in N fertilizer (with current technology and agricultural management level), considering the facts stronger control policies are expected to occur worldwide including Western Europe, the United States of America and China. The most ambitious management (with all known mitigation practices) can reduce cropland NH3 emissions by up (71%, 17.6 Tg N yr-1) at an abatement cost of US$524 billion. Our findings indicate that cropland NH3 emissions can be mitigated through adoption of appropriate human management practices with considerable economic costs, providing a critical reference for the future NH3 abatement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaowen Xie
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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18
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Oliveira DMS, Pimentel LG, Barreto MSC, Weiler DA, Bayer C. Greenhouse gas emissions and C costs of N release associated with cover crop decomposition are plant specific and depend on soil moisture: A microcosm study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:193-204. [PMID: 35098536 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cover cropping is used to improve soil quality and increase N inputs in agricultural systems, but it also may enhance greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Here, a 47-d incubation study was conducted to track the decomposition process and evaluate GHG emissions and its drivers and to calculate the C costs of residue-derived N released following the addition of residues from cover crops (pigeon pea, cowpea, lablab bean, vetch, and black oat) and maize under two water-filled pore space (WFPS) levels (40 and 70%). For both WFPS levels, the increase in cumulative CO2 fluxes in plots that received residues is mainly related with the increment of potentially mineralizable C. Crop residues increased the global warming potential (GWP) under both WFPS levels, with CO2 emissions accounting for ≥98% of the GWP at 40% WFPS. At 70% WFPS, the GPW increment was driven by a notable increase in N2 O emissions. The contribution of CH4 in the GWP emissions was negligible for all the crop residues evaluated. Principal component analysis highlighted that the optimal conditions for production and release are specific for each GHG. The cleaner N source was cowpea at 40% WFPS, which produced only 17.7 kg CO2 -eq kg-1 N mineralized, compared with vetch residues, which produced 233 kg CO2 -eq kg-1 N mineralized. To integrate agronomic and climate change mitigation perspectives, we suggest considering the C costs of the residue-N released when choosing a cover crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dener M S Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Univ. Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
| | - Laisa G Pimentel
- Núcleo Multiusuário, Univ. Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas A Weiler
- Coordenadoria Especial de Ciências Biológicas e Agronômicas, Univ. Federal de Santa Catarina - Campus Curitibanos, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Cimélio Bayer
- Dep. de Solos, Faculdade de Agronomia, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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19
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Wei J, Zhang X, Xia L, Yuan W, Zhou Z, Brüggmann N. Role of chemical reactions in the nitrogenous trace gas emissions and nitrogen retention: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152141. [PMID: 34871694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has been found that chemical reactions affect significantly the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle, which was previously assumed to be mainly dominated by biological processes. Due to the limitation of knowledge and analytical techniques, it is currently challenging to discern the contribution of biotic and abiotic processes to the terrestrial N cycle for geobiologists and biogeochemists alike. To better understand the role of abiotic reactions in the terrestrial N cycle, it is necessary to comprehend the chemical controls on nitrogenous trace gas emissions and N retention in soil under various environmental conditions. In this manuscript, we assess the role of abiotic reactions in nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions as well as N retention through a meta-analysis using all related peer-reviewed publications before August 2020. Results show that abiotic reactions contributed 29.3-37.7% and 44.0-57.0% to the total N2O emission and N retention, representing 3.7-4.7 and 4.0-6.0 Tg year-1 of global terrestrial N2O emission and N retention, respectively. Much higher NO production was observed in sterilized soils than that in unsterilized treatments indicating the major contribution of chemical reactions to NO emission and rapid microbial reduction of NO to N2O and N2. Chemical hydroxylamine oxidation accounts for the largest abiotic contribution to N2O emission, while chemical nitrite reduction and fixation represent for the largest contribution to abiotic NO production and soil N retention, respectively. Factors influencing the abiotic processes include pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N), and transition metals. These results broadened our knowledge about the mechanisms involved in chemical N reactions and provided a simplified estimation about their contribution to nitrogenous trace gas emission and N retention, which is meaningful to further study interactions of biologically and chemically mediated reactions in biogeochemical N cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China.
| | - Xinying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Longlong Xia
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Zhanyan Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Nicolas Brüggmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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20
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Costa C, Galford GL, Coe MT, Macedo M, Jankowski K, O'Connell C, Neill C. Modeling Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Large-Scale Intensive Cropping Systems in the Southern Amazon. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.701416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use is rapidly intensifying on tropical croplands and has the potential to increase emissions of the greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). Since about 2005 Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil has shifted from single-cropped soybeans to double-cropping soybeans with maize, and now produces 1.5% of the world's maize. This production shift required an increase in N fertilization, but the effects on N2O emissions are poorly known. We calibrated the process-oriented biogeochemical DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model to simulate N2O emissions and crop production from soybean and soybean-maize cropping systems in MT. After model validation with field measurements and adjustments for hydrological properties of tropical soils, regional simulations suggested N2O emissions from soybean-maize cropland increased almost fourfold during 2001–2010, from 1.1 ± 1.1 to 4.1 ± 3.2 Gg 1014 N-N2O. Model sensitivity tests showed that emissions were spatially and seasonably variable and especially sensitive to soil bulk density and carbon content. Meeting future demand for maize using current soybean area in MT might require either (a) intensifying 3.0 million ha of existing single soybean to soybean-maize or (b) increasing N fertilization to ~180 kg N ha−1 on existing 2.3 million ha of soybean-maize area. The latter strategy would release ~35% more N2O than the first. Our modifications of the DNDC model will improve estimates of N2O emissions from agricultural production in MT and other tropical areas, but narrowing model uncertainty will depend on more detailed field measurements and spatial data on soil and cropping management.
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21
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Evaluation of LandscapeDNDC Model Predictions of CO2 and N2O Fluxes from an Oak Forest in SE England. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Process-based biogeochemical models are valuable tools to evaluate impacts of environmental or management changes on the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of forest ecosystems. We evaluated LandscapeDNDC, a process-based model developed to simulate carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water cycling at ecosystem and regional scales, against eddy covariance and soil chamber measurements of CO2 and N2O fluxes in an 80-year-old deciduous oak forest. We compared two LandscapeDNDC vegetation modules: PSIM (Physiological Simulation Model), which includes the understorey explicitly, and PnET (Photosynthesis–Evapotranspiration Model), which does not. Species parameters for both modules were adjusted to match local measurements. LandscapeDNDC was able to reproduce daily micro-climatic conditions, which serve as input for the vegetation modules. The PSIM and PnET modules reproduced mean annual net CO2 uptake to within 1% and 15% of the measured values by balancing gains and losses in seasonal patterns with respect to measurements, although inter-annual variations were not well reproduced. The PSIM module indicated that the understorey contributed up to 21% to CO2 fluxes. Mean annual soil CO2 fluxes were underestimated by 32% using PnET and overestimated by 26% with PSIM; both modules simulated annual soil N2O fluxes within the measured range but with less interannual variation. Including stand structure information improved the model, but further improvements are required for the model to predict forest GHG balances and their inter-annual variability following climatic or management changes.
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22
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Lian Z, Ouyang W, Liu H, Zhang D, Liu L. Ammonia volatilization modeling optimization for rice watersheds under climatic differences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144710. [PMID: 33636792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ammonia (NH3) volatilization mechanism is complicated with pronounced watershed differences of climate conditions, soil properties, and tillage practices. The watershed NH3 emission dynamics model was developed with the combination of field measurements, Soil Water Assessment Tool and NH3 volatilization algorithms. The temporal NH3 emissions patterns and the watershed NH3 volatilization dynamics were simulated with the improved NH3 volatilization modeling. Five monitoring sites and three case watersheds across China were selected to highlight the impacts of climatic conditions and validated the modeling. The average NH3 emissions of the three watersheds ranged from 14.94 to 120.33 kg N ha-1, which were mainly positively correlated with temperatures (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with soil organic carbon content (r = -0.33, p < 0.01). Analysis of similarities indicated that significant differences existed between the watersheds in terms of NH3 volatilization (RANOSIM = 0.758 and 0.834, p < 0.01). These analysis imply that environmental variabilities were more important than N input amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Lian
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lianhua Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Hussain Shah SH, Wang J, Hao X, Thomas BW. Modeling the effect of salt-affected soil on water balance fluxes and nitrous oxide emission using modified DNDC. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111678. [PMID: 33298392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity restricts plant growth, affects soil water balance and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and can contaminate surface and groundwater. In this study, the Denitrification Decomposition (DNDC) model was modified to couple salt and water balance equations (SALT-DNDC) to investigate the effect of salinity on water balance and N2O fluxes. The model was examined against four growing seasons (2008-11) of observed data from Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. Then, the model was used to simulate water filled pore space (WFPS), salt concentration and the N2O flux from agricultural soils. The results show that the effects of salinity on WFPS vary in different soil layers. Within shallow soil layers (<20 cm from soil surface) the salt concentration does not affect the average WFPS when initial salt concentrations range from 5 to 20 dS/m. However, in deeper soil layers (>20 cm from soil surface), when the initial salt concentration ranges from 5 to 20 dS/m it could indirectly affect the average WFPS due to changes of osmotic potential and transpiration. When AW is greater than 40%, the average growing season N2O emissions increase to a range of 0.6-1.0 g-N/ha/d at initial salt concentrations (5-20 dS/m) from a range of 0.5-0.7 g-N/ha/d when the salt concentrations is 0 dS/m. The newly developed SALT-DNDC model provides a unique tool to help investigate interactive effects among salt, soil, water, vegetation, and weather conditions on N2O fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hamid Hussain Shah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1200, 10011, 109 Street, Edmonton, AB, T5J 3S8, Canada
| | - Junye Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1200, 10011, 109 Street, Edmonton, AB, T5J 3S8, Canada.
| | - Xiying Hao
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Ben W Thomas
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz Research and Development Centre, 6947 Highway 7, Agassiz, BC, V0M 1A0, Canada
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Wang J, Li Y, Bork EW, Richter GM, Eum HI, Chen C, Shah SHH, Mezbahuddin S. Modelling spatio-temporal patterns of soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in grazing lands: Current status and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139092. [PMID: 32521338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sustainability of grazing lands lies in the nexus of human consumption behavior, livestock productivity, and environmental footprint. Due to fast growing global food demands, many grazing lands have suffered from overgrazing, leading to soil degradation, air and water pollution, and biodiversity losses. Multidisciplinary efforts are required to understand how these lands can be better assessed and managed to attain predictable outcomes of optimal benefit to society. This paper synthesizes our understanding based on previous work done on modelling the influences of grazing of soil carbon (SC) and greenhouse gas emissions to identify current knowledge gaps and research priorities. We revisit three widely-used process-based models: DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC), DayCent, and the Pasture Simulation model (PaSim) and two watershed models: The Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Variable Infiltration Capacity Model (VIC), which are widely used to simulate C, nutrient and water cycles. We review their structures and ability as process-based models in representing key feedbacks among grazing management, SOM decomposition and hydrological processes in grazing lands. Then we review some significant advances in the use of models combining biogeochemical and hydrological processes. Finally, we examine challenges of incorporating spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability into modelling C and nutrient cycling in grazing lands and discuss their weakness and strengths. We also highlight key research direction for improving the knowledge base and code structure in modelling C and nutrient cycling in grazing lands, which are essential to conserve grazing lands and maintain their ecosystem goods and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada.
| | - Yumei Li
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada; College of Earth Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Edward W Bork
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Goetz M Richter
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hyung-Il Eum
- Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Changchun Chen
- School of Geography & Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Syed Hamid Hussain Shah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada
| | - Symon Mezbahuddin
- Environmental Stewardship Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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25
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Cheng Q, Li S, Yue F, Peng T, Waldron S, Oliver DM, Soulsby C. Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical modelling of nitrogen transport in the karst critical zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:138902. [PMID: 32438160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transport of nitrogen (N) in karst areas is more complex than in non-karst areas due to marked heterogeneity of hydrodynamic behaviour in the karst critical zone. Here, we present a novel, distributed, coupled hydrological-biogeochemical model that can simulate water and nitrogen transport in the critical zone of karst catchments. This new model was calibrated using integrated hydrometric, water stable isotope, and nitrogen-N concentration data at the outflow of Houzhai catchment in Guizhou province of Southwest China. Hydrological dynamics appears to control N load from the study catchment. Combining flow discharge and water stable isotopes significantly constrained model parameterisation and mitigate the equifinality effects of parameters on the simulated results. Karst geomorphology and land use have functional effects on spatiotemporal variations of hydrological processes and nitrogen transport. In the study catchment, agricultural fertilizer was the largest input source of N, accounting for 86% of the total. Plant uptake consumed about 45% of inputs, primarily in the low-lying valley bottom areas and the plain covered by relatively thick soils. Thus, a large amount of N released from soil reservoirs to the epikarst (via fractures or sinkholes) is then exported to the underground channel in the limestone area to the south. This N draining into groundwater could lead to extensive, potentially long-term contamination of the karst system. Therefore, improving the efficiency of fertilization and agricultural management in valleys/depressions is an urgent need to reduce N losses and contamination risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Qinbo Cheng
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Siliang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fujun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Peng
- Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David M Oliver
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Soulsby
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United Kingdom
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26
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Li P, Lang M, Zhu S, Bork EW, Carlyle CN, Chang SX. Greenhouse gas emissions are affected by land use type in two agroforestry systems: Results from an incubation experiment. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Man Lang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Sixi Zhu
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- School of Eco‐environmental Engineering Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China
| | - Edward W. Bork
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Cameron N. Carlyle
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Scott X. Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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27
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Meyerholt J, Sickel K, Zaehle S. Ensemble projections elucidate effects of uncertainty in terrestrial nitrogen limitation on future carbon uptake. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3978-3996. [PMID: 32285534 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of the nitrogen (N) limitation of terrestrial carbon (C) storage over the 21st century is highly uncertain because of the complex interactions between the terrestrial C and N cycles. We use an ensemble approach to quantify and attribute process-level uncertainty in C-cycle projections by analysing a 30-member ensemble representing published alternative representations of key N cycle processes (stoichiometry, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and ecosystem N losses) within the framework of one terrestrial biosphere model. Despite large differences in the simulated present-day N cycle, primarily affecting simulated productivity north of 40°N, ensemble members generally conform with global C-cycle benchmarks for present-day conditions. Ensemble projections for two representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5) show that the increase in land C storage due to CO2 fertilization is reduced by 24 ± 15% due to N constraints, whereas terrestrial C losses associated with climate change are attenuated by 19 ± 20%. As a result, N cycling reduces projected land C uptake for the years 2006-2099 by 19% (37% decrease to 3% increase) for RCP 2.6, and by 21% (40% decrease to 9% increase) for RCP 8.5. Most of the ensemble spread results from uncertainty in temperate and boreal forests, and is dominated by uncertainty in BNF (10% decrease to 50% increase for RCP 2.6, 5% decrease to 100% increase for RCP 8.5). However, choices about the flexibility of ecosystem C:N ratios and processes controlling ecosystem N losses regionally also play important roles. The findings of this study demonstrate clearly the need for an ensemble approach to quantify likely future terrestrial C-N cycle trajectories. Present-day C-cycle observations only weakly constrain the future ensemble spread, highlighting the need for better observational constraints on large-scale N cycling, and N cycle process responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Meyerholt
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- International Max-Planck Research School Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Sickel
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Michael Stifel Center Jena for Data-driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
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Abdalla M, Song X, Ju X, Topp CFE, Smith P. Calibration and validation of the DNDC model to estimate nitrous oxide emissions and crop productivity for a summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system in Hebei, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114199. [PMID: 32120254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this paper was to calibrate and evaluate the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model for estimating N2O emissions and crop productivity for a summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system with different N fertilizer rates in Hebei, China. The model's performance was assessed before and after calibration and model sensitivity was investigated. The calibrated and validated DNDC performed effectively in estimating cumulative N2O emissions (coefficient of determination (1:1 relationship; r2) = 0.91; relative deviation (RD) = -13 to 16%) and grain yields for both crops (r2 = 0.91; RD = -21 to 7%) from all fertilized treatments, but poorly estimated daily N2O patterns. Observed and simulated results showed that optimal N fertilizer treatment decreased cumulative N2O flux, compared to conventional N fertilizer, without a significant impact on grain yields of the summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system. The high sensitivity of the DNDC model to rainfall, soil organic carbon and temperature resulted in significant overestimation of N2O peaks during the warm wet season. The model also satisfactorily estimated daily patterns/average soil temperature (o C; 0-5 cm depth) (r2 = 0.88 to 0.89; root mean square error (RMSE) = 4 °C; normalized RMSE (nRMSE) = 25% and index of agreement (d) = 0.89-0.97) but under-predicted water filled pore space (WFPS; %; 0-20 cm depth) (r2 = 0.3 to 0.4) and soil ammonium and nitrate (exchangeable NH4+ & NO3-; kg N ha-1; r2 = 0.97). With reference to the control treatment (no N fertilizer), DNDC was weak in simulating both N2O emissions and crop productivity. To be further improved for use under pedo-climatic conditions of the summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system we suggest future studies to identify and resolve the existing problems with the DNDC, especially with the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdalla
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK.
| | - X Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - X Ju
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - C F E Topp
- SRUC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK
| | - P Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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Banger K, Wagner-Riddle C, Grant BB, Smith WN, Drury C, Yang J. Modifying fertilizer rate and application method reduces environmental nitrogen losses and increases corn yield in Ontario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137851. [PMID: 32182514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) use in corn production is an important driver of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and 4R (Right source, Right rate, Right time and Right place) fertilizer practices have been proposed to mitigate emissions. However, combined 4R practices have not been assessed for their potential to reduce N2O emissions at the provincial-scale while also considering trade-offs with other N losses such as leaching or ammonia (NH3) volatilization. The objectives of this study were to develop, validate, and apply a Denitrification-Decomposition model framework at 270 distinct soil-climate regions in Ontario to simulate corn yield and N2O emissions across eleven fertilizer management scenarios during 1986-2015. The results show that broadcasting fertilizer at the surface without incorporation had the highest environmental N loss which was primarily caused by NH3 volatilization. When injected at planting or at sidedress, the NH3 loss was reduced considerably. However, because more N was left in the soil, injection and sidedressing induced more losses by nitrate leaching and N2O emissions. Reduction of N rate as proposed by the DNDC model did not affect crop yield but decreased leaching and N2O emissions. Addition of inhibitors promoted a further reduction in N2O emission (11-16%) although lesser than the reduction in N rate. Overall, our results emphasize that N rate adjustment following improvements in placement, use of inhibitors, and application timings can mitigate N2O emissions by 42-57% and result in 3-4% greater yields compared to baseline scenario in Ontario corn production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljit Banger
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Claudia Wagner-Riddle
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Brian B Grant
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Ward N Smith
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Craig Drury
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Ontario N0R 1G0, Canada
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Ontario N0R 1G0, Canada
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30
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Zhang Y, Ma M, Fang H, Qin D, Cheng S, Yuan W. Impacts of nitrogen addition on nitrous oxide emission: Comparison of five nitrous oxide modules or algorithms. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Li Y, Shah SHH, Wang J. Modelling of nitrification inhibitor and its effects on emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2O) in the UK. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136156. [PMID: 31927429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Global food demand requires increased uses of fertilizers, leading to nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrate leaching due to overuse of fertilizers and poor timing between fertilizer application and plant growth. Using nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can reduce the N2O emissions but the effectiveness of NIs strongly depend on environmental conditions, and their benefits have been limited due to less than optimal nitrogen rates, timing, quantity, and placement of NIs. Process-based modelling can be helpful in improving the understanding of nitrogen fertilizer with NIs and their effects in different environmental conditions and agricultural practices. But few studies of modelling NIs with application to agricultural soils have been performed. In this paper, we developed a sophisticated biogeochemical reaction process of NIs applied to agricultural soils, which account for the factions of NIs with fertilizer by combining the application rate, soil moisture, and temperature within the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) framework. This model was tested against the data from two agricultural farms in Preston Wynne and Newark in the UK. The results agreed well with the measured data and captured the measured soil moistures and N2O emissions. In Newark, the average Mean Absolute Error of all blocks is 8.78 and 5.45 for ammonium nitrate or urea respectively while in Preston Wynne, 3.48 and 3.14. The results also showed that the warming climate can greatly reduce the efficiency of nitrification inhibitors, which will further amplify the greenhouse gas impacts. The modified DNDC model of nitrification inhibitor modules can reliably simulate the inhibitory effect of NIs on N2O emissions and evaluate the efficiency of NIs. This enables end-users to optimize the amount of NIs used according to the time and climate conditions of fertilizer application for increasing crop yield and reducing N2O emissions and provides a useful tool for estimating the efficiency of NIs in agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, PR China; Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S3A3, Canada; Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Molecular Fossil Laboratory, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing 101408, PR China.
| | - Syed Hamid Hussain Shah
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S3A3, Canada
| | - Junye Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S3A3, Canada.
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Grossi G, Vitali A, Lacetera N, Danieli PP, Bernabucci U, Nardone A. Carbon Footprint of Mediterranean Pasture-Based Native Beef: Effects of Agronomic Practices and Pasture Management under Different Climate Change Scenarios. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030415. [PMID: 32131471 PMCID: PMC7143649 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The livestock sector requires a significant amount of natural resources and has an important role in climate change. Although the carbon footprint has become a widely accepted indicator for assessing the greenhouse gases emitted per unit of product, due to the lack of a commonly accepted methodology, there are still few studies that have included soil organic carbon sequestration in their calculations. In this study, by including soil organic carbon dynamics, the carbon footprint of a Mediterranean pasture-based beef cattle farm was estimated using current weather data and farming management policies. Subsequently, different soil management strategies, grazing systems, and climate scenarios were compared to the current ones to investigate the effects of these variables on the greenhouse gases emitted. The results showed that the current beef carbon footprint could be significantly reduced by switching to reduced tillage systems. The modeled combination of no-tillage practices with higher organic fertilizer application rates showed a greater potential carbon footprint reduction. No significant differences were found between carbon footprint values modeled under different climate scenarios and grazing systems. By including a process-based model into its carbon footprint calculations, this study highlights the climate mitigation potential of different farming practices and the importance of considering soil carbon sequestration. Abstract A better understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics is needed when assessing the carbon footprint (CFP) of livestock products and the effectiveness of possible agriculture mitigation strategies. This study aimed (i) to perform a cradle-to-gate CFP of pasture-based beef cattle in a Mediterranean agropastoral system (ii) and to assess the effects on the CFP of alternative tillage, fertilizing, and grazing practices under current (NCC) and future climate change (CC) scenarios. Minimum (Mt) and no-tillage (Nt) practices were compared to current tillage (Ct); a 50% increase (Hf) and decrease (Lf) in fertilization was evaluated against the current (Cf) rate; and rotational grazing (Rg) was evaluated versus the current continuous grazing (Cg) system. The denitrification–decomposition (DNDC) model was run using NCC as well as representative concentration pathways to investigate the effects of farm management practices coupled with future CC scenarios on SOC dynamics, N2O fluxes, and crop yield. Within NCC and CtCf, an emission intensity of 26.9 ± 0.7 kg CO2eq per kg live body weight was estimated. Compared to Ct, the adoption of Mt and Nt reduced the CFP by 20% and 35%, respectively, while NtHf reduced it by 40%. Conservation tillage practices were thus shown to be effective in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
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Ability of the APSIM Next Generation Eucalyptus model to simulate complex traits across contrasting environments. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shi S, Yang M, Hou Y, Peng C, Wu H, Zhu Q, Liang Q, Xie J, Wang M. Simulation of dissolved organic carbon concentrations and fluxes in Chinese monsoon forest ecosystems using a modified TRIPLEX-DOC model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134054. [PMID: 31476510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays an important role in global and regional carbon cycles. However, the quantification of DOC in forest ecosystems remains uncertain. Here, the processed-based biogeochemical model TRIPLEX-DOC was modified by optimizing the function of soil organic carbon distribution with increasing depths, as well as DOC sorption-desorption efficiency. The model was validated by field measurements of DOC concentration and flux at five forest sites and Beijiang River basin in monsoon regions of China. Model validation indicated that seasonal patterns of DOC concentration across climatic zones were different, and these differences were captured by our model. Importantly, the modified model performed better than the original model. Indeed, model efficiency of the modified model increased from -0.78 to 0.19 for O horizon predictions, and from -0.46 to 0.42 for the mineral soils predictions. Likewise, DOC fluxes were better simulated by the modified model. At the site scale, the simulated DOC fluxes were strongly correlated with the observed values (R2 = 0.97, EF = 0.91). At the regional scale, the DOC flux predicted in the Beijiang River basin was 16.44 kg C/ha, which was close to the observed value of 17 kg C/ha. Using sensitivity analysis, we showed that temperature, precipitation and temperature sensitivity of DOC decomposition (Q10) were the most sensitive parameters when predicting DOC concentrations and fluxes in forest soils. We also found that both the percentage of DOC flux to forest net ecosystem productivity, and the retention of DOC by mineral soil were highly correlated with the amount of precipitation. Overall, our model validations indicated that the modified TRIPLEX-DOC model is a useful tool for simulating the dynamics of DOC concentrations and fluxes in forest ecosystems. We highlight that more accurate estimates of parameter Q10 in deep mineral soils can reduce model uncertainty, when simulating DOC concentrations and fluxes in forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Center for Ecological Forecasting and Global Change, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingxia Yang
- Center for Ecological Forecasting and Global Change, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Center for Ecological Forecasting and Global Change, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Haibin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- College of Hydrology and Water resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qiong Liang
- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Junfei Xie
- Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Chen D, Li Y, Wang C, Liu X, Wang Y, Shen J, Qin J, Wu J. Dynamics and underlying mechanisms of N 2O and NO emissions in response to a transient land-use conversion of Masson pine forest to tea field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133549. [PMID: 31374503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there has been a rapid expansion of tea field converted from forestry for pursuing higher economic benefits. However, few researches focus on the effects of transient land-use conversion from Masson pine forest to artificial tea fields on soil N2O and NO emissions and the underlying mechanisms. A parallel field experiment was conducted from Masson pine forest and a newly converted tea plantation from Masson pine forest from 2013 to 2017 in subtropical central China. Masson pine forest conversion to tea field dramatically increased soil N2O and NO emissions (up to 4.00 ± 0.43 and 1.93 ± 0.45 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively) in the first year possibly due to enhanced soil organic N mineralization. With the extension of tea planting age, N2O and NO emissions showed an upward trend (ranged from 1.19 to 5.28, and 0.15 to 1.78 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively) influenced by fertilization and soil organic matter accumulation. The direct emission factors for N2O and NO in the newly converted tea fields were the largest in the first year (2.64 and 1.07%, respectively) after land-use conversion, and higher than the default value recommended by IPCC. The NO/N2O ratio was mainly lower than 1 in the fertilized tea field, and soil N2O and NO emission peaks mainly occurred in tea-growing season (wet season) with higher soil moisture and NH4+-N concentrations, and dominated by amoA-containing bacteria (AOB), suggesting nitrifier-denitrification could be the dominant process involved in soil nitrogenous gases emissions in tea field. These results can be summarized as dramatically increased soil N2O and NO emissions during the transient land-use conversion from Masson pine forest to tea field were possibly due to the substantial net soil organic N mineralization and the enhanced abundance of nitrification functional genes (AOB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring and Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China; Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Yong Li
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring and Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Xinliang Liu
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring and Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring and Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring and Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Jianqiao Qin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring and Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China
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Song X, Ju X, Topp CFE, Rees RM. Oxygen Regulates Nitrous Oxide Production Directly in Agricultural Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12539-12547. [PMID: 31596573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) plays a critical and yet poorly understood role in regulating nitrous oxide (N2O) production in well-structured agricultural soils. We investigated the effects of in situ O2 dynamics on N2O production in a typical intensively managed Chinese cropping system under a range of environmental conditions (temperature, moisture, ammonium, nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, and so forth). Climate and management (fertilization, irrigation, precipitation, and temperature), and their interactions significantly affected soil O2 and N2O concentrations (P < 0.05). Soil O2 concentration was the most significant factor correlating with soil N2O concentration (r = -0.71) when compared with temperature, water-filled pore space, and ammonium concentration (r = 0.30, 0.25, and 0.26, respectively). Soil N2O concentration increased exponentially with decreasing soil O2 concentrations. The exponential model of N treatments and fertilization with irrigation/precipitation events predicted 74-90% and 58% of the variance in soil N2O concentrations, respectively. Our results highlight that the soil O2 status is the proximal, direct, and the most decisive environmental trigger for N2O production, outweighing the effects of other factors and could be a key variable integrating the aggregated effects of various complex interacting variables. This study offers new opportunities for developing more sensitive approaches to predicting and through appropriate management interventions mitigating N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | | | - Robert M Rees
- SRUC , West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JG , Scotland , U.K
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Drought Superimposes the Positive Effect of Silver Fir on Water Relations of European Beech in Mature Forest Stands. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research Highlights: Investigations of evapotranspiration in a mature mixed beech-fir forest stand do not indicate higher resilience towards intensified drying-wetting cycles as compared with pure beech stands. Background and Objectives: Forest management seeks to implement adaptive measures, for example, the introduction of more drought resistant species into prevailing monospecific stands to minimize forest mortality and monetary losses. In Central Europe this includes the introduction of native silver fir (Abies alba) into monospecific beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands. In order to determine, if the introduction of fir would improve the resilience against drier conditions, this study investigates water relations of a mature pure beech and a mature mixed beech-fir stand under natural as well as reduced water availability. Materials and Methods: Sap flow rates and densities were measured in two consecutive years using the heat ratio method and scaled using stand inventory data and modeling. Results: Transpiration rates estimated from sap flow were significantly higher for beech trees as compared with silver fir which was attributed to the more anisohydric water-use strategy of the beech trees. We estimate that stand evapotranspiration was slightly higher for mixed stands due to higher interception losses from the mixed stand during times of above average water supply. When precipitation was restricted, beech was not able to support its transpiration demands, and therefore there was reduced sap flow rates in the mixed, as well as in the pure stand, whereas transpiration of fir was largely unaffected, likely due to its more isohydric behavior toward water use and access to moister soil layers. Thus, we found the rates of evapotranspiration in the mixed beech-fir stand to be smaller during times with no precipitation as compared with the pure beech stand, which was accountable to the severely reduced transpiration of beech in the mixed stand. Conclusions: We conclude that smaller evapotranspiration rates in the mixed beech-fir stand might not be the result of increased water use efficiency but rather caused by restricted hydraulic conductivity of the root system of beech, making mixed beech-fir stands at this site less resilient towards drought.
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Włodarczyk T, Balakhnina T, Matichenkov V, Brzezińska M, Nosalewicz M, Szarlip P, Fomina I. Effect of silicon on barley growth and N 2O emission under flooding. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:1-9. [PMID: 31170590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The global climate change is related with greenhouse gas emission from cultivated soils - carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The emissions of N2O also have negative influence on ozone layer of our planet. The major source of the nitrous oxide is denitrification process in soil, which controlled by specific soil microbe society. The pot experiment with flooding to accelerate the denitrification process and the application of the monosilicic acid as a source of soluble form of Si was carried out with barley. Several forms of nitrous oxide emission (unlimited carbon denitrification and potential denitrification with or without ethylene application) were measured. The obtained data showed that the application of monosilicic acid to brown soil when growing barley under conditions of soil flooding has a significant effect on nitrogen emission and can change the N2O:N2 ratio. The application of the monosilicic acid reduced the uC-D N2O emission, while increased the PD N emission. Generally the application of the water soluble Si decreased the N2O:N2 ratio. We suggested that the presence of monosilicic acid in the system provides a more complete denitrification process with the formation of N2 in the NO3- → NO2- → NO→N2O → N2 reaction sequence, while the deficiency of bioactive Si mainly provides the formation and emission of N2O. Considering that N2 is not a greenhouse gas, we can conclude that application of monosilicic acid to the soil can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the impact of global climate change on agricultural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Włodarczyk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tamara Balakhnina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir Matichenkov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | | | | | - Paweł Szarlip
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Irina Fomina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Biosphere Systems International Foundation, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA
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Wang Q, Zhou F, Shang Z, Ciais P, Winiwarter W, Jackson RB, Tubiello FN, Janssens-Maenhout G, Tian H, Cui X, Canadell JG, Piao S, Tao S. Data-driven estimates of global nitrous oxide emissions from croplands. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 7:441-452. [PMID: 34692059 PMCID: PMC8288841 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Croplands are the single largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, yet their estimates remain difficult to verify when using Tier 1 and 3 methods of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we re-evaluate global cropland-N2O emissions in 1961–2014, using N-rate-dependent emission factors (EFs) upscaled from 1206 field observations in 180 global distributed sites and high-resolution N inputs disaggregated from sub-national surveys covering 15593 administrative units. Our results confirm IPCC Tier 1 default EFs for upland crops in 1990–2014, but give a ∼15% lower EF in 1961–1989 and a ∼67% larger EF for paddy rice over the full period. Associated emissions (0.82 ± 0.34 Tg N yr–1) are probably one-quarter lower than IPCC Tier 1 global inventories but close to Tier 3 estimates. The use of survey-based gridded N-input data contributes 58% of this emission reduction, the rest being explained by the use of observation-based non-linear EFs. We conclude that upscaling N2O emissions from site-level observations to global croplands provides a new benchmark for constraining IPCC Tier 1 and 3 methods. The detailed spatial distribution of emission data is expected to inform advancement towards more realistic and effective mitigation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wang
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziyin Shang
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg A-2361, Austria
- The Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-417, Poland
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, USA
| | - Francesco N Tubiello
- Statistics Division, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Via Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy
| | | | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-France Institute of Earth Systems Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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40
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Inatomi M, Hajima T, Ito A. Fraction of nitrous oxide production in nitrification and its effect on total soil emission: A meta-analysis and global-scale sensitivity analysis using a process-based model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219159. [PMID: 31291317 PMCID: PMC6619742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrification in terrestrial soils is one of the major processes of emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas and stratospheric-ozone-depleting substance. We assessed the fraction of N2O emission associated with nitrification in soil through a meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis using a process-based model. We corrected observational values of gross nitrification and associated N2O emission rates from 71 records for various soils in the world spanning from 0.006% to 29.5%. We obtained a median value of 0.14%, and then assessed how the nitrification-associated N2O emission fraction has been considered in terrestrial nitrogen cycle models. Using a process-based biogeochemical model, we conducted a series of sensitivity analyses for the effects of different values of nitrification-associated N2O emission fraction on soil N2O emission. Using an empirical relationship between soil pH and nitrification-associated N2O emission fraction, the model well simulated global emission patterns (global total in the 2000s, 16.8 Tg N2O yr–1). Differences in the nitrification-associated N2O emission fraction caused differences in total N2O emission of as much as 2.5 Tg N2O yr–1. Therefore, to obtain reliable estimation of soil N2O emission for nitrogen and climate management, it is important to constrain the parameterization in models by ensuring extensive and accurate observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Inatomi
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hajima
- Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Denk TRA, Kraus D, Kiese R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Wolf B. Constraining N cycling in the ecosystem model LandscapeDNDC with the stable isotope model SIMONE. Ecology 2019; 100:e02675. [PMID: 30821344 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The isotopic composition (ic) of soil nitrogen (N) and, more recently, the intramolecular distribution of 15 N in the N2 O molecule (site preference, SP) are powerful instruments to identify dominant N turnover processes, and to attribute N2 O emissions to their source processes. Despite the process information contained in the ic of N species and the associated potential for model validation, the implementation of isotopes in ecosystem models has lagged behind. To foster the validation of ecosystem models based on the ic of N species, we developed the stable isotope model for nutrient cycles (SIMONE). SIMONE uses fluxes between ecosystem N pools (soil organic N, mineral N, plants, microbes) calculated by biogeochemical models, and literature isotope effects for these processes to calculate the ic of N species. Here, we present the concept of SIMONE, apply it to simulations of the biogeochemical model LandscapeDNDC, and assess the capability of 15 N-N2 O and, to our knowledge for the first time, SP, to constrain simulated N fluxes by LandscapeDNDC. LandscapeDNDC successfully simulated N2 O emission, soil nitrate, and ammonium, as well as soil environmental conditions of an intensively managed grassland site in Switzerland. Accordingly, the dynamics of 15 N-N2 O and SP of soil N2 O fluxes as simulated by SIMONE agreed well with measurements, though 15 N-N2 O was on average underestimated and SP overestimated (root-mean-square error [RMSE] of 8.4‰ and 7.3‰, respectively). Although 15 N-N2 O could not constrain the N cycling process descriptions of LandscapeDNDC, the overestimation of SP indicated an overestimation of simulated nitrification rates by 10-59% at low water content, suggesting the revision of the corresponding model parameterization. Our findings show that N isotope modeling in combination with only recently available high- frequency measurements of the N2 O ic are promising tools to identify and address weaknesses in N cycling of ecosystem models. This will finally contribute to augmenting the development of model-based strategies for mitigating N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R A Denk
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - David Kraus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wolf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
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Dubache G, Li S, Zheng X, Zhang W, Deng J. Modeling ammonia volatilization following urea application to winter cereal fields in the United Kingdom by a revised biogeochemical model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:1403-1418. [PMID: 30743934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urea accounts for over half of the global ammonia volatilization from synthetic nitrogen fertilization. Process-oriented models, such as the widely applied DeNitrification DeComposition 9.5 version (DNDC95), are expected to predict ammonia volatilization from agricultural urea applications under various conditions. However, compared to the wind-tunnel ammonia observations of a nationwide, seven-site/ten-case network in the United Kingdom, the DNDC95 greatly underestimated the ammonia volatilization from winter cereal fields applied with urea at a constant dose. The model was revised in this study mainly through (i) newly parameterizing the effects of clay fraction, plant standings and canopy wetting on ammonia release from the soil solution, and (ii) re-calibrating the parameters of the urea hydrolysis function and the original parameterizations of wind, soil temperature and moisture effects on ammonia volatilization using the observations in one case of the network. Next, the performances of the revised model (DNDC95_NH3) in simulating grain yield, full crop nitrogen uptake, cumulative ammonia volatilization (CAV) and daily ammonia fluxes were evaluated using the observations of these variables in the other nine network cases. The DNDC95_NH3 performed considerably better than the DNDC95. Particularly, the slopes of the zero-intercept regression for the observations versus simulations decreased from 1.97 to 0.86 and 1.65 to 0.75 for the CAV and daily ammonia fluxes, respectively. In addition, the number of the cases with significant discrepancies between simulated and observed CAV was reduced from six of the nine network cases to only two. The simulations by the revised model for these two cases showed a significant underestimation and an extremely large overestimation, respectively. However, reasons especially for the significant overestimation still remain unclear. Future studies still need to diagnose and solve the other existing problems so as to further improve the model's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Dubache
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Deng
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Tian H, Yang J, Xu R, Lu C, Canadell JG, Davidson EA, Jackson RB, Arneth A, Chang J, Ciais P, Gerber S, Ito A, Joos F, Lienert S, Messina P, Olin S, Pan S, Peng C, Saikawa E, Thompson RL, Vuichard N, Winiwarter W, Zaehle S, Zhang B. Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the preindustrial era estimated by an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models: Magnitude, attribution, and uncertainty. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:640-659. [PMID: 30414347 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding and quantification of global soil nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions and the underlying processes remain largely uncertain. Here, we assessed the effects of multiple anthropogenic and natural factors, including nitrogen fertilizer (N) application, atmospheric N deposition, manure N application, land cover change, climate change, and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, on global soil N2 O emissions for the period 1861-2016 using a standard simulation protocol with seven process-based terrestrial biosphere models. Results suggest global soil N2 O emissions have increased from 6.3 ± 1.1 Tg N2 O-N/year in the preindustrial period (the 1860s) to 10.0 ± 2.0 Tg N2 O-N/year in the recent decade (2007-2016). Cropland soil emissions increased from 0.3 Tg N2 O-N/year to 3.3 Tg N2 O-N/year over the same period, accounting for 82% of the total increase. Regionally, China, South Asia, and Southeast Asia underwent rapid increases in cropland N2 O emissions since the 1970s. However, US cropland N2 O emissions had been relatively flat in magnitude since the 1980s, and EU cropland N2 O emissions appear to have decreased by 14%. Soil N2 O emissions from predominantly natural ecosystems accounted for 67% of the global soil emissions in the recent decade but showed only a relatively small increase of 0.7 ± 0.5 Tg N2 O-N/year (11%) since the 1860s. In the recent decade, N fertilizer application, N deposition, manure N application, and climate change contributed 54%, 26%, 15%, and 24%, respectively, to the total increase. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration reduced soil N2 O emissions by 10% through the enhanced plant N uptake, while land cover change played a minor role. Our estimation here does not account for indirect emissions from soils and the directed emissions from excreta of grazing livestock. To address uncertainties in estimating regional and global soil N2 O emissions, this study recommends several critical strategies for improving the process-based simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yang
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Rongting Xu
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australia
| | - Eric A Davidson
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Almut Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Stefan Gerber
- IFAS, Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Palmira Messina
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Stefan Olin
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shufen Pan
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases (AIR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- The Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institut für Biogeochemie, Jena, Germany
| | - Bowen Zhang
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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Welch B, Gauci V, Sayer EJ. Tree stem bases are sources of CH 4 and N 2 O in a tropical forest on upland soil during the dry to wet season transition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:361-372. [PMID: 30367532 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests on upland soils are assumed to be a methane (CH4 ) sink and a weak source of nitrous oxide (N2 O), but studies of wetland forests have demonstrated that tree stems can be a substantial source of CH4 , and recent evidence from temperate woodlands suggests that tree stems can also emit N2 O. Here, we measured CH4 and N2 O fluxes from the soil and from tree stems in a semi-evergreen tropical forest on upland soil. To examine the influence of seasonality, soil abiotic conditions and substrate availability (litter inputs) on trace greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, we conducted our study during the transition from the dry to the wet season in a long-term litter manipulation experiment in Panama, Central America. Trace GHG fluxes were measured from individual stem bases of two common tree species and from soils beneath the same trees. Soil CH4 fluxes varied from uptake in the dry season to minor emissions in the wet season. Soil N2 O fluxes were negligible during the dry season but increased markedly after the start of the wet season. By contrast, tree stem bases emitted CH4 and N2 O throughout the study. Although we observed no clear effect of litter manipulation on trace GHG fluxes, tree species and litter treatments interacted to influence CH4 fluxes from stems and N2 O fluxes from stems and soil, indicating complex relationships between tree species traits and decomposition processes that can influence trace GHG dynamics. Collectively, our results show that tropical trees can act as conduits for trace GHGs that most likely originate from deeper soil horizons, even when they are growing on upland soils. Coupled with the finding that the soils may be a weaker sink for CH4 than previously thought, our research highlights the need to reappraise trace gas budgets in tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertie Welch
- School of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- School of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Emma J Sayer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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Shen J, Treu R, Wang J, Nicholson F, Bhogal A, Thorman R. Modeling nitrous oxide emissions from digestate and slurry applied to three agricultural soils in the United Kingdom: Fluxes and emission factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1952-1965. [PMID: 30318134 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizers, such as digestates and manure, are increasingly applied in agricultural systems because of the benefits they provide in terms of plant nutrients and soil quality. However, there are few investigations of N2O emissions following digestate application to agricultural soils using process-based models. In this study, we modified the UK-DNDC model to include digestate applications to soils by adding digestate properties to the model and considering the effect of organic fertilizer pH. Using the modified model, N2O emissions were simulated from two organic fertilizers (digested food waste and livestock slurry) applied to three farms in the United Kingdom: one growing winter wheat at Wensum (WE) and two grasslands at Pwllpeiran (PW) and North Wyke (NW). The annual cumulative gross (i.e. not excluding control emission) N2O emissions were calculated using MATLAB trapezoidal numerical integration. The relative errors of the modeled annual cumulative emissions to the measured emissions ranged from -5.4% to 48%. Two-factor models, including linear, exponential and hyperbola responses, correlating total N loading and soil clay content to calculations of N2O emissions and N2O emission factors (EFs) were developed for calculations of emission fluxes and EFs. The squares of the correlation coefficients of the measured and two-factor linear modeled emissions were 0.998 and 0.999 for digestate and slurry, respectively, and the corresponding squares of correlation coefficients of the EFs were 0.998 and 0.938. The two-factor linear model also predicted that the EFs increased linearly with decreasing clay content and the maximum EFs for digestate and slurry were 0.95 and 0.76% of total N applied, respectively. This demonstrates that the modified UK_DNDC is a good tool to simulate N2O emission from digestate and slurry and to calculate UK EFs using TIER 3 methodology..
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Shen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada
| | - Roland Treu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada
| | - Junye Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada.
| | - Fiona Nicholson
- ADAS Gleadthorpe, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, NG20 9PF, UK
| | - Anne Bhogal
- ADAS Gleadthorpe, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, NG20 9PF, UK
| | - Rachel Thorman
- ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge, CB23 4NN, UK
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Treat CC, Marushchak ME, Voigt C, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Zhuang Q, Virtanen TA, Räsänen A, Biasi C, Hugelius G, Kaverin D, Miller PA, Stendel M, Romanovsky V, Rivkin F, Martikainen PJ, Shurpali NJ. Tundra landscape heterogeneity, not interannual variability, controls the decadal regional carbon balance in the Western Russian Arctic. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5188-5204. [PMID: 30101501 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100-km2 sub-Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006-2015 using process-based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from -300 g C m-2 year-1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m-2 year-1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from -0.2 to 22.3 g C m-2 year-1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%-25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high-resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost-free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%-65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high-resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Treat
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija E Marushchak
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carolina Voigt
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yu Zhang
- Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Zeli Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tarmo A Virtanen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Räsänen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christina Biasi
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre of Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Paul A Miller
- Department of Earth and Ecosystem Science, Geobiosphere Centre, Geocentrum II, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Stendel
- Department for Arctic and Climate, Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Romanovsky
- Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska
- Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Science Centre, SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Felix Rivkin
- Department of Geocryological Mapping, GIS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pertti J Martikainen
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Narasinha J Shurpali
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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48
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Jarecki M, Grant B, Smith W, Deen B, Drury C, VanderZaag A, Qian B, Yang J, Wagner-Riddle C. Long-term Trends in Corn Yields and Soil Carbon under Diversified Crop Rotations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:635-643. [PMID: 30025058 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.08.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural practices such as including perennial alfalfa ( L.), winter wheat ( L.), or red clover ( L.) in corn ( L.) rotations can provide higher crop yields and increase soil organic C (SOC) over time. How well process-based biogeochemical models such as DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) capture the beneficial effects of diversified cropping systems is unclear. To calibrate and validate DNDC for simulation of observed trends in corn yield and SOC, we used long-term trials: continuous corn (CC) and corn-oats ( L.)-alfalfa-alfalfa (COAA) for Woodslee, ON, 1959 to 2015; and CC, corn-corn-soybean [ (L.) Merr.]-soybean (CCSS), corn-corn-soybean-winter wheat (CCSW), corn-corn-soybean-winter wheat + red clover (CCSW+Rc), and corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa (CCAA) for Elora, ON, 1981 to 2015. Yield and SOC under 21st century conditions were projected under future climate scenarios from 2016 to 2100. The DNDC model was calibrated to improve crop N stress and was revised to estimate changes in water availability as a function of soil properties. This improved yield estimates for diversified rotations at Elora (mean absolute prediction error [MAPE] decreased from 13.4-15.5 to 10.9-14.6%) with lower errors for the three most diverse rotations. Significant improvements in yield estimates were also simulated at Woodslee for COAA, with MAPE decreasing from 24.0 to 16.6%. Predicted and observed SOC were in agreement for simpler rotations (CC or CCSS) at both sites (53.8 and 53.3 Mg C ha for Elora, 52.0 and 51.4 Mg C ha for Woodslee). Predicted SOC increased due to rotation diversification and was close to observed values (58.4 and 59 Mg C ha for Elora, 63 and 61.1 Mg C ha for Woodslee). Under future climate scenarios the diversified rotations mitigated crop water stress resulting in trends of higher yields and SOC content in comparison to simpler rotations.
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49
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Zhang W, Li Y, Zhu B, Zheng X, Liu C, Tang J, Su F, Zhang C, Ju X, Deng J. A process-oriented hydro-biogeochemical model enabling simulation of gaseous carbon and nitrogen emissions and hydrologic nitrogen losses from a subtropical catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:305-317. [PMID: 29121579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of nitrogen losses and net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from catchments is essential for evaluating the sustainability of ecosystems. However, the hydrologic processes without lateral flows hinder the application of biogeochemical models to this challenging task. To solve this issue, we developed a coupled hydrological and biogeochemical model, Catchment Nutrients Management Model - DeNitrification-DeComposition Model (CNMM-DNDC), to include both vertical and lateral mass flows. By incorporating the core biogeochemical processes (including decomposition, nitrification, denitrification and fermentation) of the DNDC into the spatially distributed hydrologic framework of the CNMM, the simulation of lateral water flows and their influences on nitrogen transportation can be realized. The CNMM-DNDC was then calibrated and validated in a small subtropical catchment belonged to Yanting station with comprehensive field observations. Except for the calibration of water flows (surface runoff and leaching water) in 2005, stream discharges of water and nitrate in 2007, the model validations of soil temperature, soil moisture, crop yield, water flows in 2006 and associated nitrate loss, fluxes of methane, ammonia, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide, and stream discharges of water and nitrate in 2008 were statistically in good agreement with the observations. Meanwhile, our initial simulation of the catchment showed scientific predictions. For instance, it revealed the following: (i) dominant ammonia volatilization among the losses of nitrogenous gases (accounting for 11-21% of the applied annual fertilizer nitrogen in croplands); (ii) hotspots of nitrate leaching near the main stream; and (iii) a net GHG sink function of the catchment. These results implicate the model's promising capability of predicting ecosystem productivity, hydrologic nitrogen loads, losses of gaseous nitrogen and emissions of GHGs, which could be used to provide strategies for establishing sustainable catchments. In addition, the model's capability would be further proved by applying in other catchments with different backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Geosciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jialiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Fang Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jia Deng
- Complex Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, 39 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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50
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Wang W, Roulet NT, Kim Y, Strachan IB, Del Giorgio P, Prairie YT, Tremblay A. Modelling CO 2 emissions from water surface of a boreal hydroelectric reservoir. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:392-404. [PMID: 28863371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To quantify CO2 emissions from water surface of a reservoir that was shaped by flooding the boreal landscape, we developed a daily time-step reservoir biogeochemistry model. We calibrated the model using the measured concentrations of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (C) in a young boreal hydroelectric reservoir, Eastmain-1 (EM-1), in northern Quebec, Canada. We validated the model against observed CO2 fluxes from an eddy covariance tower in the middle of EM-1. The model predicted the variability of CO2 emissions reasonably well compared to the observations (root mean square error: 0.4-1.3gCm-2day-1, revised Willmott index: 0.16-0.55). In particular, we demonstrated that the annual reservoir surface effluxes were initially high, steeply declined in the first three years, and then steadily decreased to ~115gCm-2yr-1 with increasing reservoir age over the estimated "engineering" reservoir lifetime (i.e., 100years). Sensitivity analyses revealed that increasing air temperature stimulated CO2 emissions by enhancing CO2 production in the water column and sediment, and extending the duration of open water period over which emissions occur. Increasing the amount of terrestrial organic C flooded can enhance benthic CO2 fluxes and CO2 emissions from the reservoir water surface, but the effects were not significant over the simulation period. The model is useful for the understanding of the mechanism of C dynamics in reservoirs and could be used to assist the hydro-power industry and others interested in the role of boreal hydroelectric reservoirs as sources of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Nigel T Roulet
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada; Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Youngil Kim
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
| | - Ian B Strachan
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Montréal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Paul Del Giorgio
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succ Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Yves T Prairie
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succ Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Alain Tremblay
- Environment Production, Hydro-Québec, Montreal, QC H2Z 1A4, Canada.
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