1
|
Schulte‐Uebbing LF, Ros GH, de Vries W. Experimental evidence shows minor contribution of nitrogen deposition to global forest carbon sequestration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:899-917. [PMID: 34699094 PMCID: PMC9299138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have drastically increased nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests globally. This may have alleviated N limitation and thus stimulated productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in aboveground woody biomass (AGWB), a stable C pool with long turnover times. This 'carbon bonus' of human N use partly offsets the climate impact of human-induced N2 O emissions, but its magnitude and spatial variation are uncertain. Here we used a meta-regression approach to identify sources of heterogeneity in tree biomass C-N response (additional C stored per unit of N) based on data from fertilization experiments in global forests. We identified important drivers of spatial variation in forest biomass C-N response related to climate (potential evapotranspiration), soil fertility (N content) and tree characteristics (stand age), and used these relationships to quantify global spatial variation in N-induced forest biomass C sequestration. Results show that N deposition enhances biomass C sequestration in only one-third of global forests, mainly in the boreal region, while N reduces C sequestration in 5% of forests, mainly in the tropics. In the remaining 59% of global forests, N addition has no impact on biomass C sequestration. Average C-N responses were 11 (4-21) kg C per kg N for boreal forests, 4 (0-8) kg C per kg N for temperate forests and 0 (-4 to 5) kg C per kg N for tropical forests. Our global estimate of the N-induced forest biomass C sink of 41 (-53 to 159) Tg C yr-1 is substantially lower than previous estimates, mainly due to the absence of any response in most tropical forests (accounting for 58% of the global forest area). Overall, the N-induced C sink in AGWB only offsets ~5% of the climate impact of N2 O emissions (in terms of 100-year global warming potential), and contributes ~1% to the gross forest C sink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena F. Schulte‐Uebbing
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Ros
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Nutrient Management InstituteWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition triggered little change in soil microbial diversity and structure in a desert ecosystem. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
3
|
Khedim N, Cécillon L, Poulenard J, Barré P, Baudin F, Marta S, Rabatel A, Dentant C, Cauvy‐Fraunié S, Anthelme F, Gielly L, Ambrosini R, Franzetti A, Azzoni RS, Caccianiga MS, Compostella C, Clague J, Tielidze L, Messager E, Choler P, Ficetola GF. Topsoil organic matter build-up in glacier forelands around the world. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1662-1677. [PMID: 33342032 PMCID: PMC8048894 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the last glacial maximum, soil formation related to ice-cover shrinkage has been one major sink of carbon accumulating as soil organic matter (SOM), a phenomenon accelerated by the ongoing global warming. In recently deglacierized forelands, processes of SOM accumulation, including those that control carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates and biogeochemical stability of newly sequestered carbon, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the build-up of SOM during the initial stages (up to 410 years) of topsoil development in 10 glacier forelands distributed on four continents. We test whether the net accumulation of SOM on glacier forelands (i) depends on the time since deglacierization and local climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation); (ii) is accompanied by a decrease in its stability and (iii) is mostly due to an increasing contribution of organic matter from plant origin. We measured total SOM concentration (carbon, nitrogen), its relative hydrogen/oxygen enrichment, stable isotopic (13 C, 15 N) and carbon functional groups (C-H, C=O, C=C) compositions, and its distribution in carbon pools of different thermal stability. We show that SOM content increases with time and is faster on forelands experiencing warmer climates. The build-up of SOM pools shows consistent trends across the studied soil chronosequences. During the first decades of soil development, the low amount of SOM is dominated by a thermally stable carbon pool with a small and highly thermolabile pool. The stability of SOM decreases with soil age at all sites, indicating that SOM storage is dominated by the accumulation of labile SOM during the first centuries of soil development, and suggesting plant carbon inputs to soil (SOM depleted in nitrogen, enriched in hydrogen and in aromatic carbon). Our findings highlight the potential vulnerability of SOM stocks from proglacial areas to decomposition and suggest that their durability largely depends on the relative contribution of carbon inputs from plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norine Khedim
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐BlancUniv. Grenoble AlpesCNRSEDYTEMChambéryFrance
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont‐BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
| | - Lauric Cécillon
- Univ. NormandieUNIROUENINRAEECODIVFR Scale CNRS 3730RouenFrance
- Laboratoire de GéologieCNRSÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversityIPSLParisFrance
| | - Jérôme Poulenard
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐BlancUniv. Grenoble AlpesCNRSEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Pierre Barré
- Laboratoire de GéologieCNRSÉcole normale supérieurePSL UniversityIPSLParisFrance
| | | | - Silvio Marta
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniv. of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Antoine Rabatel
- Institut des Géosciences de l'EnvironnementUMR 5001Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRSIRDGrenobleFrance
| | | | | | | | - Ludovic Gielly
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont‐BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniv. of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniv. of Milano BicoccaMilanItaly
| | | | | | | | - John Clague
- Department of Earth SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
| | - Levan Tielidze
- Antarctic Research CentreVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
- School of GeographyEnvironment and Earth SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Erwan Messager
- Univ. Savoie Mont‐BlancUniv. Grenoble AlpesCNRSEDYTEMChambéryFrance
| | - Philippe Choler
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont‐BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesUniv. Savoie Mont‐BlancCNRSLECAGrenobleFrance
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniv. of MilanMilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Effective management decisions regarding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may be hampered by the lack of scientific tools for modeling future land use change. This study addresses methodological principles for land use development scenario modeling assumed for use in processes of GHG accounting and management. Associated land use policy implications in Lithuania are also discussed. Data on land uses, available from the National Forest Inventory (NFI) and collected for GHG accounting from the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector in the country, as well as freely available geographic information, were tested as an input for modeling land use development in the country. The modeling was implemented using the TerrSet Land Change Modeler. Calibration of the modeling approach using historical land use data indicated that land use types important for GHG management in the LULUCF sector were predicted with an accuracy above 80% during a five-year period into the future, while the prediction accuracy for forest and built-up land was 96% or more. Based on several land management scenarios tested, it was predicted that the LULUCF sector in Lithuania will accumulate CO2, with the forest land use type contributing most to CO2 absorption. Key measures to improve the GHG balance and carbon stock changes were suggested to be the afforestation of abandoned or unused agricultural land and prevention of the conversion of grassland into producing land.
Collapse
|
5
|
Forsmark B, Wallander H, Nordin A, Gundale MJ. Long‐term nitrogen enrichment does not increase microbial phosphorus mobilization in a northern coniferous forest. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Forsmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | | | - Annika Nordin
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Umeå Plant Science Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Michael J. Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Forsmark B, Nordin A, Maaroufi NI, Lundmark T, Gundale MJ. Low and High Nitrogen Deposition Rates in Northern Coniferous Forests Have Different Impacts on Aboveground Litter Production, Soil Respiration, and Soil Carbon Stocks. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNitrogen (N) deposition can change the carbon (C) sink of northern coniferous forests by changing the balance between net primary production and soil respiration. We used a field experiment in an N poor Pinus sylvestris forest where five levels of N (0, 3, 6, 12, and 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1, n = 6) had been added annually for 12–13 years to investigate how litter C inputs and soil respiration, divided into its autotrophic and heterotrophic sources, respond to different rates of N input, and its subsequent effect on soil C storage. The highest N addition rate (50 kg N ha−1 yr−1) stimulated soil C accumulation in the organic layer by 22.3 kg C kg−1 N added, increased litter inputs by 46%, and decreased soil respiration per mass unit of soil C by 31.2%, mainly by decreasing autotrophic respiration. Lower N addition rates (≤ 12 kg N ha−1 yr−1) had no effect on litter inputs or soil respiration. These results support previous studies reporting on increased litter inputs coupled to impeded soil C mineralization, contributing to enhancing the soil C sink when N is supplied at high rates, but add observations for lower N addition rates more realistic for N deposition. In doing so, we show that litter production in N poor northern coniferous forests can be relatively unresponsive to low N deposition levels, that stimulation of microbial activity at low N additions is unlikely to reduce the soil C sink, and that high levels of N deposition enhance the soil C sink by increasing litter inputs and decreasing soil respiration.
Collapse
|
7
|
Forstner SJ, Wechselberger V, Müller S, Keibinger KM, Díaz-Pinés E, Wanek W, Scheppi P, Hagedorn F, Gundersen P, Tatzber M, Gerzabek MH, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S. Vertical Redistribution of Soil Organic Carbon Pools After Twenty Years of Nitrogen Addition in Two Temperate Coniferous Forests. Ecosystems 2018; 22:379-400. [PMID: 30956544 PMCID: PMC6423314 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) inputs from atmospheric deposition can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in temperate and boreal forests, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on global climate. However, direct evidence of N-induced SOC sequestration from low-dose, long-term N addition experiments (that is, addition of < 50 kg N ha-1 y-1 for > 10 years) is scarce worldwide and virtually absent for European temperate forests. Here, we examine how tree growth, fine roots, physicochemical soil properties as well as pools of SOC and soil total N responded to 20 years of regular, low-dose N addition in two European coniferous forests in Switzerland and Denmark. At the Swiss site, the addition of 22 kg N ha-1 y-1 (or 1.3 times throughfall deposition) stimulated tree growth, but decreased soil pH and exchangeable calcium. At the Danish site, the addition of 35 kg N ha-1 y-1 (1.5 times throughfall deposition) impaired tree growth, increased fine root biomass and led to an accumulation of N in several belowground pools. At both sites, elevated N inputs increased SOC pools in the moderately decomposed organic horizons, but decreased them in the mineral topsoil. Hence, long-term N addition led to a vertical redistribution of SOC pools, whereas overall SOC storage within 30 cm depth was unaffected. Our results imply that an N-induced shift of SOC from older, mineral-associated pools to younger, unprotected pools might foster the vulnerability of SOC in temperate coniferous forest soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Forstner
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Wechselberger
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Müller
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina M. Keibinger
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugenio Díaz-Pinés
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Scheppi
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Per Gundersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Michael Tatzber
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Radiochemistry, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin H. Gerzabek
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
- Institute of Soil Research, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Juutinen S, Moore TR, Bubier JL, Arnkil S, Humphreys E, Marincak B, Roy C, Larmola T. Long-term nutrient addition increased CH 4 emission from a bog through direct and indirect effects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3838. [PMID: 29497129 PMCID: PMC5832806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peatlands are globally significant sources of atmospheric methane (CH4). While several studies have examined the effects of nutrient addition on CH4 dynamics, there are few long-term peatland fertilization experiments, which are needed to understand the aggregated effects of nutrient deposition on ecosystem functioning. We investigated responses of CH4 flux and production to long-term field treatments with three levels of N (1.6-6.4 g m-2 yr-1 as NH4NO3), potassium and phosphorus (PK, 5.0 g P and 6.3 g K m-2 yr-1 as KH2PO4), and NPK in a temperate bog. Methane fluxes were measured in the field from May to August in 2005 and 2015. In 2015 CH4 flux was higher in the NPK treatment with 16 years of 6.4 g N m-2 yr-1 than in the control (50.5 vs. 8.6 mg CH4 m-2 d-1). The increase in CH4 flux was associated with wetter conditions derived from peat subsidence. Incubation of peat samples, with and without short-term PK amendment, showed that potential CH4 production was enhanced in the PK treatments, both from field application and by amending the incubation. We suggest that changes in this bog ecosystem originate from long-term vegetation change, increased decomposition and direct nutrient effects on microbial dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sari Juutinen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tim R Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Jill L Bubier
- Environmental Studies Department, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Sini Arnkil
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elyn Humphreys
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Brenden Marincak
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Cameron Roy
- Environmental Studies Department, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Tuula Larmola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang Z, Yin S, Zhang X, Li C, Shen G, Zhou P, Liu C. Research and Development of a DNDC Online Model for Farmland Carbon Sequestration and GHG Emissions Mitigation in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121493. [PMID: 29194376 PMCID: PMC5750911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate agricultural practices for carbon sequestration and emission mitigation have a significant influence on global climate change. However, various agricultural practices on farmland carbon sequestration usually have a major impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is very important to accurately quantify the effect of agricultural practices. This study developed a platform—the Denitrification Decomposition (DNDC) online model—for simulating and evaluating the agricultural carbon sequestration and emission mitigation based on the scientific process of the DNDC model, which is widely used in the simulation of soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. After testing the adaptability of the platform on two sampling fields, it turned out that the simulated values matched the measured values well for crop yields and GHG emissions. We used the platform to estimate the effect of three carbon sequestration practices in a sampling field: nitrogen fertilization reduction, straw residue and midseason drainage. The results indicated the following: (1) moderate decrement of the nitrogen fertilization in the sampling field was able to decrease the N2O emission while maintaining the paddy rice yield; (2) ground straw residue had almost no influence on paddy rice yield, but the CH4 emission and the surface SOC concentration increased along with the quantity of the straw residue; (3) compared to continuous flooding, midseason drainage would not decrease the paddy rice yield and could lead to a drop in CH4 emission. Thus, this study established the DNDC online model, which is able to serve as a reference and support for the study and evaluation of the effects of agricultural practices on agricultural carbon sequestration and GHG emissions mitigation in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaidi Jiang
- School of Agriculture and Biology and Research Centre for Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, State Forestry Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology and Research Centre for Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, State Forestry Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xianxian Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology and Research Centre for Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Changsheng Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology and Research Centre for Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Guangrong Shen
- School of Agriculture and Biology and Research Centre for Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, State Forestry Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology and Research Centre for Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology and Research Centre for Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, State Forestry Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
- Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang R, Goll D, Balkanski Y, Hauglustaine D, Boucher O, Ciais P, Janssens I, Penuelas J, Guenet B, Sardans J, Bopp L, Vuichard N, Zhou F, Li B, Piao S, Peng S, Huang Y, Tao S. Global forest carbon uptake due to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition from 1850 to 2100. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4854-4872. [PMID: 28513916 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterns and temporal trends of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition are important for quantifying their impact on forest carbon (C) uptake. In a first step, we modeled historical and future change in the global distributions of the atmospheric deposition of N and P from the dry and wet deposition of aerosols and gases containing N and P. Future projections were compared between two scenarios with contrasting aerosol emissions. Modeled fields of N and P deposition and P concentration were evaluated using globally distributed in situ measurements. N deposition peaked around 1990 in European forests and around 2010 in East Asian forests, and both increased sevenfold relative to 1850. P deposition peaked around 2010 in South Asian forests and increased 3.5-fold relative to 1850. In a second step, we estimated the change in C storage in forests due to the fertilization by deposited N and P (∆Cν dep ), based on the retention of deposited nutrients, their allocation within plants, and C:N and C:P stoichiometry. ∆Cν dep for 1997-2013 was estimated to be 0.27 ± 0.13 Pg C year-1 from N and 0.054 ± 0.10 Pg C year-1 from P, contributing 9% and 2% of the terrestrial C sink, respectively. Sensitivity tests show that uncertainty of ∆Cν dep was larger from P than from N, mainly due to uncertainty in the fraction of deposited P that is fixed by soil. ∆CPdep was exceeded by ∆CNdep over 1960-2007 in a large area of East Asian and West European forests due to a faster growth in N deposition than P. Our results suggest a significant contribution of anthropogenic P deposition to C storage, and additional sources of N are needed to support C storage by P in some Asian tropical forests where the deposition rate increased even faster for P than for N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Didier Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laurent Bopp
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Feng Zhou
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goodale CL. Multiyear fate of a 15 N tracer in a mixed deciduous forest: retention, redistribution, and differences by mycorrhizal association. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:867-880. [PMID: 27564989 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on forest ecosystems depends in large part on its fate. Past tracer studies show that litter and soils dominate the short-term fate of added 15 N, yet few have examined its longer term dynamics or differences among forest types. This study examined the fate of a 15 N-NO3- tracer over 5-6 years in a mixed deciduous stand that was evenly composed of trees with ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. The tracer was expected to slowly mineralize from its main initial fate in litter and surface soil, with some 15 N moving to trees, some to deeper soil, and some net losses. Recovery of added 15 N in trees and litterfall totaled 11.3% both 1 and 5-6 years after the tracer addition, as 15 N redistributed from fine and especially coarse roots into cumulative litterfall and small accumulations in woody tissues. Estimates of potential carbon sequestration from tree 15 N recovery amounted to 12-14 kg C per kg of N deposition. Tree 15 N acquisition occurred within the first year after the tracer addition, with no subsequent additional net transfer of 15 N from detrital to plant pools. In both years, ectomycorrhizal trees gained 50% more of the tracer than did trees with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Much of the 15 N recovered in wood occurred in tree rings formed prior to the 15 N addition, demonstrating the mobility of N in wood. Tracer recovery rapidly decreased over time in surface litter material and accumulated in both shallow and deep soil, perhaps through mixing by earthworms. Overall, results showed redistribution of tracer 15 N through trees and surface soils without any losses, as whole-ecosystem recovery remained constant between 1 and 5-6 years at 70% of the 15 N addition. These results demonstrate the persistent ecosystem retention of N deposition even as it redistributes, without additional plant uptake over this timescale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Goodale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sawicka K, Rowe EC, Evans CD, Monteith DT, Wade AJ. Modelling impacts of atmospheric deposition and temperature on long-term DOC trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:323-336. [PMID: 27838058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognised that widespread and substantial increases in Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in remote surface, and soil, waters in recent decades are linked to declining acid deposition. Effects of rising pH and declining ionic strength on DOC solubility have been proposed as potential dominant mechanisms. However, since DOC in these systems is derived mainly from recently-fixed carbon, and since organic matter decomposition rates are considered sensitive to temperature, uncertainty persists over the extent to which other drivers that could influence DOC production. Such potential drivers include fertilisation by nitrogen (N) and global warming. We therefore ran the dynamic soil chemistry model MADOC for a range of UK soils, for which time series data are available, to consider the likely relative importance of decreased deposition of sulphate and chloride, accumulation of reactive N, and higher temperatures, on soil DOC production in different soils. Modelled patterns of DOC change generally agreed favourably with measurements collated over 10-20years, but differed markedly between sites. While the acidifying effect of sulphur deposition appeared to be the predominant control on the observed soil water DOC trends in all the soils considered other than a blanket peat, the model suggested that over the long term, the effects of nitrogen deposition on N-limited soils may have been sufficient to raise the "acid recovery DOC baseline" significantly. In contrast, reductions in non-marine chloride deposition and effects of long term warming appeared to have been relatively unimportant. The suggestion that future DOC concentrations might exceed preindustrial levels as a consequence of nitrogen pollution has important implications for drinking water catchment management and the setting and pursuit of appropriate restoration targets, but findings still require validation from reliable centennial-scale proxy records, such as those being developed using palaeolimnological techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sawicka
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DW, UK; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - E C Rowe
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - C D Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - D T Monteith
- Environmental Change Network, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - A J Wade
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation on the global carbon budget using the IBIS model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39173. [PMID: 27966643 PMCID: PMC5155240 DOI: 10.1038/srep39173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 100 years, human activity has greatly changed the rate of atmospheric N (nitrogen) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in N saturation in some regions of the world. The contribution of N saturation to the global carbon budget remains uncertain due to the complicated nature of C-N (carbon-nitrogen) interactions and diverse geography. Although N deposition is included in most terrestrial ecosystem models, the effect of N saturation is frequently overlooked. In this study, the IBIS (Integrated BIosphere Simulator) was used to simulate the global-scale effects of N saturation during the period 1961-2009. The results of this model indicate that N saturation reduced global NPP (Net Primary Productivity) and NEP (Net Ecosystem Productivity) by 0.26 and 0.03 Pg C yr-1, respectively. The negative effects of N saturation on carbon sequestration occurred primarily in temperate forests and grasslands. In response to elevated CO2 levels, global N turnover slowed due to increased biomass growth, resulting in a decline in soil mineral N. These changes in N cycling reduced the impact of N saturation on the global carbon budget. However, elevated N deposition in certain regions may further alter N saturation and C-N coupling.
Collapse
|
14
|
An analysis of global terrestrial carbon, water and energy dynamics using the carbon–nitrogen coupled CLASS-CTEMN+ model. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Sponseller RA, Gundale MJ, Futter M, Ring E, Nordin A, Näsholm T, Laudon H. Nitrogen dynamics in managed boreal forests: Recent advances and future research directions. AMBIO 2016; 45 Suppl 2:175-87. [PMID: 26744052 PMCID: PMC4705067 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability plays multiple roles in the boreal landscape, as a limiting nutrient to forest growth, determinant of terrestrial biodiversity, and agent of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. We review existing research on forest N dynamics in northern landscapes and address the effects of management and environmental change on internal cycling and export. Current research foci include resolving the nutritional importance of different N forms to trees and establishing how tree-mycorrhizal relationships influence N limitation. In addition, understanding how forest responses to external N inputs are mediated by above- and belowground ecosystem compartments remains an important challenge. Finally, forestry generates a mosaic of successional patches in managed forest landscapes, with differing levels of N input, biological demand, and hydrological loss. The balance among these processes influences the temporal patterns of stream water chemistry and the long-term viability of forest growth. Ultimately, managing forests to keep pace with increasing demands for biomass production, while minimizing environmental degradation, will require multi-scale and interdisciplinary perspectives on landscape N dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Sponseller
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Mangement, SLU, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Martyn Futter
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Ring
- Skogforsk, Uppsala Science Park, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Annika Nordin
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Mangement, SLU, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Mangement, SLU, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Edokpa DA, Evans MG, Rothwell JJ. High fluvial export of dissolved organic nitrogen from a peatland catchment with elevated inorganic nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:711-722. [PMID: 26119385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates seasonal concentrations and fluxes of nitrogen (N) species under stormflow and baseflow conditions in the peat dominated Kinder River catchment, south Pennines, UK. This upland region has experienced decades of high atmospheric inorganic N deposition. Water samples were collected fortnightly over one year, in combination with high resolution stormflow sampling and discharge monitoring. The results reveal that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) constitutes ~54% of the estimated annual total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) flux (14.3 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). DON cycling in the catchment is influenced by hydrological and biological controls, with greater concentrations under summer stormflow conditions. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DON are closely coupled, with positive correlations observed during spring, summer and autumn stormflow conditions. A low annual mean DOC:DON ratio (<25) and elevated dissolved inorganic N concentrations (up to 63μmoll(-1) in summer) suggest that the Kinder catchment is at an advanced stage of N saturation. This study reveals that DON is a significant component of TDN in peatland fluvial systems that receive high atmospheric inputs of inorganic N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Edokpa
- Upland Environments Research Unit, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - M G Evans
- Upland Environments Research Unit, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J J Rothwell
- Upland Environments Research Unit, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Simonin M, Le Roux X, Poly F, Lerondelle C, Hungate BA, Nunan N, Niboyet A. Coupling Between and Among Ammonia Oxidizers and Nitrite Oxidizers in Grassland Mesocosms Submitted to Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Supply. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 70:809-18. [PMID: 25877793 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have assessed the responses of soil microbial functional groups to increases in atmospheric CO2 or N deposition alone and more rarely in combination. However, the effects of elevated CO2 and N on the (de)coupling between different microbial functional groups (e.g., different groups of nitrifiers) have been barely studied, despite potential consequences for ecosystem functioning. Here, we investigated the short-term combined effects of elevated CO2 and N supply on the abundances of the four main microbial groups involved in soil nitrification: ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (belonging to the genera Nitrobacter and Nitrospira) in grassland mesocosms. AOB and AOA abundances responded differently to the treatments: N addition increased AOB abundance, but did not alter AOA abundance. Nitrobacter and Nitrospira abundances also showed contrasted responses to the treatments: N addition increased Nitrobacter abundance, but decreased Nitrospira abundance. Our results support the idea of a niche differentiation between AOB and AOA, and between Nitrobacter and Nitrospira. AOB and Nitrobacter were both promoted at high N and C conditions (and low soil water content for Nitrobacter), while AOA and Nitrospira were favored at low N and C conditions (and high soil water content for Nitrospira). In addition, Nitrobacter abundance was positively correlated to AOB abundance and Nitrospira abundance to AOA abundance. Our results suggest that the couplings between ammonia and nitrite oxidizers are influenced by soil N availability. Multiple environmental changes may thus elicit rapid and contrasted responses between and among the soil ammonia and nitrite oxidizers due to their different ecological requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Simonin
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, UMR 7618 Université Pierre et Marie Curie/CNRS/AgroParisTech, 78850, Thiverval Grignon, France
- Microbial Ecology Center, Université de Lyon/Université Lyon 1/CNRS/INRA, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xavier Le Roux
- Microbial Ecology Center, Université de Lyon/Université Lyon 1/CNRS/INRA, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Poly
- Microbial Ecology Center, Université de Lyon/Université Lyon 1/CNRS/INRA, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Lerondelle
- Microbial Ecology Center, Université de Lyon/Université Lyon 1/CNRS/INRA, UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1364, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Naoise Nunan
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, UMR 7618 Université Pierre et Marie Curie/CNRS/AgroParisTech, 78850, Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Audrey Niboyet
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, UMR 7618 Université Pierre et Marie Curie/CNRS/AgroParisTech, 78850, Thiverval Grignon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maaroufi NI, Nordin A, Hasselquist NJ, Bach LH, Palmqvist K, Gundale MJ. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition enhances carbon sequestration in boreal soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:3169-80. [PMID: 25711504 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is proposed that carbon (C) sequestration in response to reactive nitrogen (Nr ) deposition in boreal forests accounts for a large portion of the terrestrial sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions. While studies have helped clarify the magnitude by which Nr deposition enhances C sequestration by forest vegetation, there remains a paucity of long-term experimental studies evaluating how soil C pools respond. We conducted a long-term experiment, maintained since 1996, consisting of three N addition levels (0, 12.5, and 50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) ) in the boreal zone of northern Sweden to understand how atmospheric Nr deposition affects soil C accumulation, soil microbial communities, and soil respiration. We hypothesized that soil C sequestration will increase, and soil microbial biomass and soil respiration will decrease, with disproportionately large changes expected compared to low levels of N addition. Our data showed that the low N addition treatment caused a non-significant increase in the organic horizon C pool of ~15% and a significant increase of ~30% in response to the high N treatment relative to the control. The relationship between C sequestration and N addition in the organic horizon was linear, with a slope of 10 kg C kg(-1) N. We also found a concomitant decrease in total microbial and fungal biomasses and a ~11% reduction in soil respiration in response to the high N treatment. Our data complement previous data from the same study system describing aboveground C sequestration, indicating a total ecosystem sequestration rate of 26 kg C kg(-1) N. These estimates are far lower than suggested by some previous modeling studies, and thus will help improve and validate current modeling efforts aimed at separating the effect of multiple global change factors on the C balance of the boreal region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia I Maaroufi
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, SE-901, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordin
- Umeå Plant Science Center (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Niles J Hasselquist
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, SE-901, Sweden
| | - Lisbet H Bach
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science (EMG), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Kristin Palmqvist
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science (EMG), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, SE-901, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gundale MJ, From F, Bach LH, Nordin A. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in boreal forests has a minor impact on the global carbon cycle. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:276-86. [PMID: 24115224 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is proposed that increases in anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (Nr ) deposition may cause temperate and boreal forests to sequester a globally significant quantity of carbon (C); however, long-term data from boreal forests describing how C sequestration responds to realistic levels of chronic Nr deposition are scarce. Using a long-term (14-year) stand-scale (0.1 ha) N addition experiment (three levels: 0, 12.5, and 50 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) ) in the boreal zone of northern Sweden, we evaluated how chronic N additions altered N uptake and biomass of understory communities, and whether changes in understory communities explained N uptake and C sequestration by trees. We hypothesized that understory communities (i.e. mosses and shrubs) serve as important sinks for low-level N additions, with the strength of these sinks weakening as chronic N addition rates increase, due to shifts in species composition. We further hypothesized that trees would exhibit nonlinear increases in N acquisition, and subsequent C sequestration as N addition rates increased, due to a weakening understory N sink. Our data showed that understory biomass was reduced by 50% in response to the high N addition treatment, mainly due to reduced moss biomass. A (15) N labeling experiment showed that feather mosses acquired the largest fraction of applied label, with this fraction decreasing as the chronic N addition level increased. Contrary to our hypothesis, the proportion of label taken up by trees was equal (ca. 8%) across all three N addition treatments. The relationship between N addition and C sequestration in all vegetation pools combined was linear, and had a slope of 16 kg C kg(-1) N. While canopy retention of Nr deposition may cause C sequestration rates to be slightly different than this estimate, our data suggest that a minor quantity of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions are sequestered into boreal forests as a result of Nr deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lovett GM, Arthur MA, Weathers KC, Fitzhugh RD, Templer PH. Nitrogen Addition Increases Carbon Storage in Soils, But Not in Trees, in an Eastern U.S. Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Lu C, Tian H. Net greenhouse gas balance in response to nitrogen enrichment: perspectives from a coupled biogeochemical model. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:571-88. [PMID: 23504794 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing reactive nitrogen (N) input has been recognized as one of the important factors influencing climate system through affecting the uptake and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N-induced GHG fluxes at regional and global scales remain far from certain. Here we selected China as an example, and used a coupled biogeochemical model in conjunction with spatially explicit data sets (including climate, atmospheric CO2 , O3 , N deposition, land use, and land cover changes, and N fertilizer application) to simulate the concurrent impacts of increasing atmospheric and fertilized N inputs on balance of three major GHGs (CO2 , CH4 , and N2 O). Our simulations showed that these two N enrichment sources in China decreased global warming potential (GWP) through stimulating CO2 sink and suppressing CH4 emission. However, direct N2 O emission was estimated to offset 39% of N-induced carbon (C) benefit, with a net GWP of three GHGs averaging -376.3 ± 146.4 Tg CO2 eq yr(-1) (the standard deviation is interannual variability of GWP) during 2000-2008. The chemical N fertilizer uses were estimated to increase GWP by 45.6 ± 34.3 Tg CO2 eq yr(-1) in the same period, and C sink was offset by 136%. The largest C sink offset ratio due to increasing N input was found in Southeast and Central mainland of China, where rapid industrial development and intensively managed crop system are located. Although exposed to the rapidly increasing N deposition, most of the natural vegetation covers were still showing decreasing GWP. However, due to extensive overuse of N fertilizer, China's cropland was found to show the least negative GWP, or even positive GWP in recent decade. From both scientific and policy perspectives, it is essential to incorporate multiple GHGs into a coupled biogeochemical framework for fully assessing N impacts on climate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Lu
- International Center for Climate, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ren W, Tian H, Tao B, Huang Y, Pan S. China's crop productivity and soil carbon storage as influenced by multifactor global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2012; 18:2945-57. [PMID: 24501069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Much concern has been raised about how multifactor global change has affected food security and carbon sequestration capacity in China. By using a process-based ecosystem model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), in conjunction with the newly developed driving information on multiple environmental factors (climate, atmospheric CO2 , tropospheric ozone, nitrogen deposition, and land cover/land use change), we quantified spatial and temporal patterns of net primary production (NPP) and soil organic carbon storage (SOC) across China's croplands during 1980-2005 and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Simulated results showed that both crop NPP and SOC increased from 1980 to 2005, and the highest annual NPP occurred in the Southeast (SE) region (0.32 Pg C yr(-1) , 35.4% of the total NPP) whereas the largest annual SOC (2.29 Pg C yr(-1) , 35.4% of the total SOC) was found in the Northeast (NE) region. Land management practices, particularly nitrogen fertilizer application, appear to be the most important factor in stimulating increase in NPP and SOC. However, tropospheric ozone pollution and climate change led to NPP reduction and SOC loss. Our results suggest that China's crop productivity and soil carbon storage could be enhanced through minimizing tropospheric ozone pollution and improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu C, Tian H, Liu M, Ren W, Xu X, Chen G, Zhang C. Effect of nitrogen deposition on China's terrestrial carbon uptake in the context of multifactor environmental changes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:53-75. [PMID: 22471075 DOI: 10.1890/10-1685.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The amount of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposited on the land surface has increased globally and by nearly five times in China from 1901 to 2005. Little is known about how elevated reactive N input has affected the carbon (C) sequestration capability of China's terrestrial ecosystems, largely due to the lack of reliable data on N deposition. Here we have used a newly developed data set of historical N deposition at a spatial resolution of 10 km x 10 km in combination with other gridded historical information on climate, atmospheric composition, land use, and land management practices to drive a process-based ecosystem model, the dynamic land ecosystem model (DLEM) for examining how increasing N deposition and its interactions with other environmental changes have affected C fluxes and storage in China's terrestrial ecosystems during 1901-2005. Our model simulations indicate that increased N deposition has resulted in a net C sink of 62 Tg C/yr (1 Tg = 1012 g) in China's terrestrial ecosystems, totaling up to 6.51 Pg C (1 Pg = 10(15) g) in the past 105 years. During the study period, the N-induced C sequestration can compensate for more than 25% of fossil-fuel CO2 emission from China. The largest C sink was found in southeast China, a region that experienced the most significant increase of N deposition in the period 1901-2005. However, the net primary productivity induced by per-unit N deposition (referred to as ecosystem N use efficiency, ENUE, in this paper) has leveled off or declined since the 1980s. This indicates that part of the deposited N may not be invested to stimulate plant growth, but instead leave the ecosystem by various pathways. Except shrubland and northwest/southwest China, signs of N saturation are apparent in the rest major biome types and regions, with ENUE peaking in the 1980s and leveling off or declining thereafter. Therefore, to minimize the excessive N pollution while keeping the N-stimulated C uptake in China's terrestrial ecosystems, optimized management practices should be taken to increase N use efficiency rather than to keep raising N input level in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Lu
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Global Ecology Laboratory, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Nitrogen Deposition and Its Impacts on the Carbon Budget of China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
Microbial responses to a changing environment: implications for the future functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. FUNGAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
The net effect of anthropogenic aerosols on climate is usually considered the sum of the direct radiative effect of anthropogenic aerosols, plus the indirect effect of these aerosols through aerosol-cloud interactions. However, an additional impact of aerosols on a longer time scale is their indirect effect on climate through biogeochemical feedbacks, largely due to changes in the atmospheric concentration of CO(2). Aerosols can affect land and ocean biogeochemical cycles by physical forcing or by adding nutrients and pollutants to ecosystems. The net biogeochemical effect of aerosols is estimated to be equivalent to a radiative forcing of -0.5 ± 0.4 watts per square meter, which suggests that reaching lower carbon targets will be even costlier than previously estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Mahowald
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atkinson Center for the Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Transport of Carbon and Nitrogen Between Litter and Soil Organic Matter in a Northern Hardwood Forest. Ecosystems 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-011-9414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Tan Z, Zhang Y, Yu G, Sha L, Tang J, Deng X, Song Q. Carbon balance of a primary tropical seasonal rain forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
29
|
Gu F, Zhang Y, Tao B, Wang Q, Yu G, Zhang L, Li K. Modeling the effects of nitrogen deposition on carbon budget in two temperate forests. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
30
|
Houlton BZ, Bai E. Imprint of denitrifying bacteria on the global terrestrial biosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:21713-6. [PMID: 19995974 PMCID: PMC2789759 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of nitrogen (N) from land limits the uptake and storage of atmospheric CO(2) by the biosphere, influencing Earth's climate system and myriads of the global ecological functions and services on which humans rely. Nitrogen can be lost in both dissolved and gaseous phases; however, the partitioning of these vectors remains controversial. Particularly uncertain is whether the bacterial conversion of plant available N to gaseous forms (denitrification) plays a major role in structuring global N supplies in the nonagrarian centers of Earth. Here, we use the isotope composition of N ((15)N/(14)N) to constrain the transfer of this nutrient from the land to the water and atmosphere. We report that the integrated (15)N/(14)N of the natural terrestrial biosphere is elevated with respect to that of atmospheric N inputs. This cannot be explained by preferential loss of (14)N to waterways; rather, it reflects a history of low (15)N/(14)N gaseous N emissions to the atmosphere owing to denitrifying bacteria in the soil. Parameterizing a simple model with global N isotope data, we estimate that soil denitrification (including N(2)) accounts for approximately 1/3 of the total N lost from the unmanaged terrestrial biosphere. Applying this fraction to estimates of N inputs, N(2)O and NO(x) fluxes, we calculate that approximately 28 Tg of N are lost annually via N(2) efflux from the natural soil. These results place isotopic constraints on the widely held belief that denitrifying bacteria account for a significant fraction of the missing N in the global N cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Körner C. Responses of Humid Tropical Trees to Rising CO2. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although no mature tropical tree had ever been exposed to an experimentally CO2-enriched atmosphere, evidence from works with seedlings and saplings, theory, models, and proxy data suggest effects on biodiversity and enhanced forest dynamics. Tropical forest carbon stocking is unlikely to increase, given that carbon pool size is driven by tree and patch demography, with tree longevity unlikely to increase. Unlike epiphytes, tropical lianas are likely to play a more important role in a CO2-rich future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körner
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu L, Greaver TL. A review of nitrogen enrichment effects on three biogenic GHGs: the CO2sink may be largely offset by stimulated N2O and CH4emission. Ecol Lett 2009; 12:1103-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Stand, Soil and Nutrient Factors Determining the Functioning and Management of Beech Forest Ecosystems: A Synopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/b82392_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
34
|
Distribution of nitrogen-15 tracers applied to the canopy of a mature spruce-hemlock stand, Howland, Maine, USA. Oecologia 2009; 160:589-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
35
|
Duan F, Liu X, He K, Dong S. Measurements and characteristics of nitrogen-containing compounds in atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:332-337. [PMID: 18806908 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The total nitrogen (TN) and water-soluble nitrogenous ions were determined by using CHN Elemental Analyzer and ion chromatography method, respectively, from November 24, 1998 to February 12, 1999 in Beijing. The average concentrations of TN, NH(4) (+) and NO(3) (-) were 10.62 microg N m(-3), 6.67 microg m(-3) and 10.01 microg m(-3), respectively. The total inorganic nitrogen (IN) calculated from NH(4) (+) and NO(3) (-) was 7.45 microg N m(-3), accounting for 70% of TN, i.e., 30% of TN existed as organic nitrogen form (ON). The correlation between ON and other pollution tracers showed that, coal combustion, biomass burning, soil humic matter and secondary formation were the important sources of ON in particulate matter in Beijing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengkui Duan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tomasella J, Neill C, Figueiredo R, Nobre AD. Water and chemical budgets at the catchment scale including nutrient exports from intact forests and disturbed landscapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008gm000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
37
|
Zak DR, Holmes WE, Burton AJ, Pregitzer KS, Talhelm AF. Simulated atmospheric NO3- deposition increases soil organic matter by slowing decomposition. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2008; 18:2016-2027. [PMID: 19263894 DOI: 10.1890/07-1743.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Presently, there is uncertainty regarding the degree to which anthropogenic N deposition will foster C storage in the N-limited forests of the Northern Hemisphere, ecosystems which are globally important sinks for anthropogenic CO2. We constructed organic matter and N budgets for replicate northern hardwood stands (n = 4) that have received ambient (0.7-1.2 g N x m(-2) x yr(-1) and experimental NO3- deposition (ambient plus 3 g NO3(-)-N x m(-2) x yr(-1)) for a decade; we also traced the flow of a 15NO3- pulse over a six-year period. Experimental NO3- deposition had no effect on organic matter or N stored in the standing forest overstory, but it did significantly increase the N concentration (+19%) and N content (+24%) of canopy leaves. In contrast, a decade of experimental NO3- deposition significantly increased amounts of organic matter (+12%) and N (+9%) in forest floor and mineral soil, despite no increase in detritus production. A greater forest floor (Oe/a) mass under experimental NO3- deposition resulted from slower decomposition, which is consistent with previously reported declines in lignolytic activity by microbial communities exposed to experimental NO3- deposition. Tracing 15NO3- revealed that N accumulated in soil organic matter by first flowing through soil microorganisms and plants, and that the shedding of 15N-labeled leaf litter enriched soil organic matter over a six-year duration. Our results demonstrate that atmospheric NO3- deposition exerts a direct and negative effect on microbial activity in this forest ecosystem, slowing the decomposition of aboveground litter and leading to the accumulation of forest floor and soil organic matter. To the best of our knowledge, this mechanism is not represented in the majority of simulation models predicting the influence of anthropogenic N deposition on ecosystem C storage in northern forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Zak
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ecological ramifications of the direct foliar uptake of nitrogen. Oecologia 2008; 159:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
39
|
Schuur EAG, Bockheim J, Canadell JG, Euskirchen E, Field CB, Goryachkin SV, Hagemann S, Kuhry P, Lafleur PM, Lee H, Mazhitova G, Nelson FE, Rinke A, Romanovsky VE, Shiklomanov N, Tarnocai C, Venevsky S, Vogel JG, Zimov SA. Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon to Climate Change: Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle. Bioscience 2008. [DOI: 10.1641/b580807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1150] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
40
|
Rowe EC, Smart SM, Kennedy VH, Emmett BA, Evans CD. Nitrogen deposition increases the acquisition of phosphorus and potassium by heather Calluna vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 155:201-207. [PMID: 18207619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased plant productivity due to nitrogen pollution increases the strength of the global carbon sink, but is implicated in plant diversity loss. However, modelling and experimental studies have suggested that these effects are constrained by availability of other nutrients. In a survey of element concentrations in Calluna vulgaris across an N deposition gradient in the UK, shoot concentrations of N and more surprisingly phosphorus and potassium were positively correlated with N deposition; tissue N/P ratio even decreased with N deposition. Elevated P and K concentrations possibly resulted from improved acquisition due to additional enzyme production or mycorrhizal activity. Heather occurs on organic soils where nutrient limitations are likely due to availability constraints rather than small stocks. However, if this effect extends to other plant and soil types, effects of N deposition on C sinks and plant competition may not be as constrained by availability of other nutrients as previously proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C Rowe
- CEH Bangor, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UP, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Choi Y, Vay SA, Vadrevu KP, Soja AJ, Woo JH, Nolf SR, Sachse GW, Diskin GS, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Singh HB, Avery MA, Fried A, Pfister L, Fuelberg HE. Characteristics of the atmospheric CO2signal as observed over the conterminous United States during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Lü C, Tian H. Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen deposition in China: Synthesis of observational data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
44
|
Bytnerowicz A, Omasa K, Paoletti E. Integrated effects of air pollution and climate change on forests: a northern hemisphere perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 147:438-45. [PMID: 17034915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many air pollutants and greenhouse gases have common sources, contribute to radiative balance, interact in the atmosphere, and affect ecosystems. The impacts on forest ecosystems have been traditionally treated separately for air pollution and climate change. However, the combined effects may significantly differ from a sum of separate effects. We review the links between air pollution and climate change and their interactive effects on northern hemisphere forests. A simultaneous addressing of the air pollution and climate change effects on forests may result in more effective research, management and monitoring as well as better integration of local, national and global environmental policies.
Collapse
|
45
|
Churkina G, Trusilova K, Vetter M, Dentener F. Contributions of nitrogen deposition and forest regrowth to terrestrial carbon uptake. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2007; 2:5. [PMID: 17535432 PMCID: PMC1894630 DOI: 10.1186/1750-0680-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amount of reactive nitrogen deposited on land has doubled globally and become at least five-times higher in Europe, Eastern United States, and South East Asia since 1860 mostly because of increases in fertilizer production and fossil fuel burning. Because vegetation growth in the Northern Hemisphere is typically nitrogen-limited, increased nitrogen deposition could have an attenuating effect on rising atmospheric CO2 by stimulating the vegetation productivity and accumulation of carbon in biomass. RESULTS This study shows that elevated nitrogen deposition would not significantly enhance land carbon uptake unless we consider its effects on re-growing forests. Our results suggest that nitrogen enriched land ecosystems sequestered 0.62-2.33 PgC in the 1980s and 0.75-2.21 PgC in the 1990s depending on the proportion and age of re-growing forests. During these two decades land ecosystems are estimated to have absorbed 13-41% of carbon emitted by fossil fuel burning. CONCLUSION Although land ecosystems and especially forests with lifted nitrogen limitations have the potential to decelerate the rise of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, the effect is only significant over a limited period of time. The carbon uptake associated with forest re-growth and amplified by high nitrogen deposition will decrease as soon as the forests reach maturity. Therefore, assessments relying on carbon stored on land from enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition to balance fossil fuel emissions may be inaccurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Churkina
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöllstr. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Trusilova
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöllstr. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mona Vetter
- Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöllstr. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Dentener
- European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shepon A, Gildor H, Labrador LJ, Butler T, Ganzeveld LN, Lawrence MG. Global reactive nitrogen deposition from lightning NOx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
47
|
Schlesinger WH. The Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change. ADVANCES IN THE ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-3740(05)05002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
48
|
Levy PE, Wendler R, van Oijen M, Cannell MGR, Millard P. The effect of nitrogen enrichment on the carbon sink in coniferous forests: Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of three ecosystem models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11267-005-3015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
49
|
Lamarque JF. Assessing future nitrogen deposition and carbon cycle feedback using a multimodel approach: Analysis of nitrogen deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
50
|
Schröter D, Brussaard L, De Deyn G, Poveda K, Brown VK, Berg MP, Wardle DA, Moore J, Wall DH. Trophic interactions in a changing world: modelling aboveground–belowground interactions. Basic Appl Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|