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Alpert AB, Obedin-Maliver J, Gjelsvik A, Amanullah S, Shireman TI, Blosnich JR. Does cancer clinical trial enrollment for sexual and gender minority people differ from heterosexual, cisgender people? Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 146:107695. [PMID: 39303766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people experience cancer disparities compared to heterosexual and cisgender (non-SGM) people and likely have barriers to cancer clinical trial enrollment. Data are sparse, however, regarding cancer clinical trial enrollment for SGM versus non-SGM people. METHODS Using data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), we applied a logistic regression to assess associations between SGM status and clinical trial enrollment for 346 SGM and 9441 non-SGM people diagnosed with cancer. The model was adjusted for age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, partnership status, education, employment, and sex assigned at birth. RESULTS SGM individuals had 94 % greater odds than non-SGM individuals to report participation in a clinical trial (aOR 1.94; 95 % CI 1.02-3.68) after adjusting for other factors. CONCLUSIONS Data from the BRFSS suggest that SGM people with cancer have higher odds of clinical trial enrollment compared to non-SGM people with cancer. Future work is needed to prospectively track oncology treatment, including clinical trial participation, and outcomes of SGM people versus non-SGM people with cancer. Other studies will be needed to develop and implement systematic, consistent, and non-stigmatizing sexual orientation and gender identity data collection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ash B Alpert
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Juno Obedin-Maliver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Annie Gjelsvik
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Siraj Amanullah
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Theresa I Shireman
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John R Blosnich
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Qiu Y, Liu G, Li J, Zhou D, Liu Y, Guo Z, Ye F, Chen F, Peng P. Impact of psychiatric disorders on the risk of glioma: Mendelian randomization and biological annotation. J Affect Disord 2024; 368:224-236. [PMID: 39271074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conflicting results about the relationship between certain psychiatric disorders and glioma has been reported in previous studies. Moreover, little is known about the common pathogenic mechanism between psychiatric symptoms and glioma. This study aims to find out mental disorders related etiology of glioma and to interpret the underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS A panel of SNPs significantly associated with eight psychiatric disorders (ADHD, SCZ, Insomnia, NEU, MDD, MI, BIP, and SWB) were identified as exposure related genetic instruments. Summary GWAS data for glioma comes from eight independent datasets. Two sample Mendelian randomization study was undertaken by IVW, RAPS, MR.Corr, and BWMR methods. This study incorporated the glioma associated CGGA cohort and Rembrandt cohort. ssGSEA, variance expression, and KEGG were conducted to analyze the psychiatric disorders associated genes expression profiling and associated functional enrichment in the glioma patients. RESULTS ADHD has a suggestive risk effect on all glioma (OR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.01--1.29, P = 0.028) and a significant causal effect on non-GBM glioma (OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.12--1.58, P = 0.001). Similarly, SCZ displayed a causal relationship with all glioma (OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.04-1.14, P = 3.47 × 10-4) and non-GBM glioma (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.08-1.21, P = 7.37 × 10-6). Besides, insomnia was correlated with the risk of non-GBM glioma (OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.03-2.17, P = 0.036). The ADHD/SCZ/Insomnia associated DEGs of glioma patients were enriched in neurotransmitter signaling pathway, immune reaction, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis, regulating the pluripotency of stem cells, metabolism of glycan, lipid and amino acids. LIMITATIONS The extensibility of the conclusion to other ethnic and geographical groups should be careful because the data used in this study come from European. CONCLUSIONS This study provides genetic evidence to suggest ADHD, SCZ, and insomnia as causes of glioma and common pathogenic process between ADHD/Insomnia/SCZ and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Daquan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Zhongyin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China.
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Gong IY, Cheung MC, Chan KKW, Arya S, Faught N, Calzavara A, Liu N, Odejide OO, Abel G, Kurdyak P, Raphael MJ, Kuczmarski T, Prica A, Mozessohn L. Mortality among patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mental disorders: a population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1194-1203. [PMID: 37531271 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders have been reported in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but studies examining their association with mortality are lacking. METHODS We conducted a population-based study using linked administrative health-care databases from Ontario, Canada. All patients with DLBCL 18 years of age or older treated with rituximab-based therapy between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2017, were identified and followed until March 1, 2020. Mental disorders were defined as either preexisting or postdiagnosis (after lymphoma treatment initiation). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) between mental disorders and 1-year and all-cause mortality while controlling for covariates. RESULTS We identified 10 299 patients with DLBCL. The median age of the cohort was 67 years; 46% of patients were female, and 28% had a preexisting mental disorder. At 1-year follow-up, 892 (9%) had a postdiagnosis mental disorder, and a total of 2008 (20%) patients died. Preexisting mental disorders were not associated with 1-year mortality (adjusted HR = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96 to 1.17, P = .25), but postdiagnosis disorders were (adjusted HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.82, P = .0001). During a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 2111 (22%) patients had a postdiagnosis mental disorder, and 4084 (40%) patients died. Both preexisting and postdiagnosis mental disorders were associated with worse all-cause mortality (preexisting adjusted HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.20, P = .0024; postdiagnosis adjusted HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.49 to 1.79, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with DLBCL and mental disorders had worse short-term and long-term mortality, particularly those with postdiagnosis mental disorders. Further studies are needed to examine mental health service utilization and factors mediating the relationship between mental disorders and inferior mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Y Gong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew C Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelvin K W Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sumedha Arya
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Faught
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ning Liu
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul Kurdyak
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Raphael
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Kuczmarski
- University of Washington Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anca Prica
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Mozessohn
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
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McCarter R, Rosato M, Thampi A, Barr R, Leavey G. Physical health disparities and severe mental illness: A longitudinal comparative cohort study using hospital data in Northern Ireland. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e70. [PMID: 37578131 PMCID: PMC10594365 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe mental illness (SMI) die prematurely, mostly due to preventable causes. OBJECTIVE To examine multimorbidity and mortality in people living with SMI using linked administrative datasets. METHOD Analysis of linked electronically captured routine hospital administrative data from Northern Ireland (2010-2021). We derived sex-specific age-standardised rates for seven chronic life-limiting physical conditions (chronic kidney disease, malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke) and used logistic regression to examine the relationship between SMI, socio-demographic indicators, and comorbid conditions; survival models quantified the relationship between all-cause mortality and SMI. RESULTS Analysis was based on 929,412 hospital patients aged 20 years and above, of whom 10,965 (1.3%) recorded a diagnosis of SMI. Higher likelihoods of an SMI diagnosis were associated with living in socially deprived circumstances, urbanicity. SMI patients were more likely to have more comorbid physical conditions than non-SMI patients, and younger at referral to hospital for each condition, than non-SMI patients. Finally, in fully adjusted models, SMI patients had a twofold excess all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION Multiple morbidities associated with SMI can drive excess mortality. While SMI patients are younger at referral to treatment for these life-limiting conditions, their relatively premature death suggests that these conditions are also quite advanced. There is a need for a more aggressive approach to improving the physical health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McCarter
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Administrative Data Research – Northern Ireland (ADR-NI), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Michael Rosato
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Administrative Data Research – Northern Ireland (ADR-NI), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | | | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Administrative Data Research – Northern Ireland (ADR-NI), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Akpoviroro O, Sauers NK, Akpoviroro OP, Uwandu Q, Castagne M, Rodrigues E, May P, Lewis M, Bolden B, Mirza W. Cancer treatment refusal decisions in advanced cancer: a retrospective case-control study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023:spcare-2022-003976. [PMID: 37295924 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2022-003976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite advancements in anticancer therapy, some patients decide against treatment. Our study focused on characterising therapy refusal in advanced-stage malignancies and further determining if certain variables significantly correlated with refusal, compared with acceptance. METHODS Our inclusion criteria were patients aged 18-75 years, stage IV cancers between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015 and treatment refusal (cohort 1 (C1)). A randomly selected group of patients with stage IV cancers who accepted treatment within the same timeframe was used for comparison (cohort 2 (C2)). RESULTS There were 508 patients in C1 and 100 patients in C2. Female sex was associated with treatment acceptance (51/100, 51.0%) than refusal (201/508, 39.6%); p=0.03. There were no associations between treatment decisions and race, marital status, BMI, tobacco use, previous cancer history, or family cancer history. Government-funded insurance was associated with treatment refusal (337/508, 66.3%) than acceptance (35/100, 35.0%); p<0.001. Age was associated with refusal (p<0.001). Average age of C1 was 63.1 years (SD:8.1) and C2 was 59.2 years (SD:9.9). Only 19.1% (97/508) in C1 were referred to palliative medicine, with 18% (18/100) in C2; p=0.8. There was a trend for patients who accepted therapy to have more comorbidities per the Charlson Comorbidity Index(p=0.08). The treatment of psychiatric disorders after cancer diagnosis was inversely associated with treatment refusal (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The treatment of psychiatric disorders after cancer diagnosis was associated with cancer treatment acceptance. Male sex, older age and government-funded health insurance were associated with treatment refusal in patients with advanced cancer. Those who refused treatment were not increasingly referred to palliative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogheneyoma Akpoviroro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Kyle Sauers
- Department of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Queeneth Uwandu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Myriam Castagne
- General Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elga Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick May
- Department of Biostatistics, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meredith Lewis
- Phenomic Analytics & Clinical Data Core Department, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Bolden
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wasique Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kerrison RS, Jones A, Peng J, Price G, Verne J, Barley EA, Lugton C. Inequalities in cancer screening participation between adults with and without severe mental illness: results from a cross-sectional analysis of primary care data on English Screening Programmes. Br J Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41416-023-02249-3. [PMID: 37137996 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe mental illness (SMI) are 2.5 times more likely to die prematurely from cancer in England. Lower participation in screening may be a contributing factor. METHODS Clinical Practice Research Datalink data for 1.71 million, 1.34 million and 2.50 million adults were assessed (using multivariate logistic regression) for possible associations between SMI and participation in bowel, breast and cervical screening, respectively. RESULTS Screening participation was lower among adults with SMI, than without, for bowel (42.11% vs. 58.89%), breast (48.33% vs. 60.44%) and cervical screening (64.15% vs. 69.72%; all p < 0.001). Participation was lowest in those with schizophrenia (bowel, breast, cervical: 33.50%, 42.02%, 54.88%), then other psychoses (41.97%, 45.57%, 61.98%), then bipolar disorder (49.94%, 54.35%, 69.69%; all p-values < 0.001, except cervical screening in bipolar disorder; p-value > 0.05). Participation was lowest among people with SMI who live in the most deprived quintile of areas (bowel, breast, cervical: 36.17%, 40.23%, 61.47%), or are of a Black ethnicity (34.68%, 38.68%, 64.80%). Higher levels of deprivation and diversity, associated with SMI, did not explain the lower participation in screening. CONCLUSIONS In England, participation in cancer screening is low among people with SMI. Support should be targeted to ethnically diverse and socioeconomically deprived areas, where SMI prevalence is greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stephen Kerrison
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Kate Granger Building, Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Alex Jones
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - Jianhe Peng
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - Gabriele Price
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - Julia Verne
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | | | - Cam Lugton
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
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Examining the relationship between severe persistent mental illness and surgical outcomes in women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer. Am J Surg 2022:S0002-9610(22)00827-3. [PMID: 36588017 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe persistent mental illness (SPMI) is associated with worse outcomes in cancer patients. Less is known about the relationship between SPMI and surgical outcomes after mastectomy for breast cancer. METHODS We selected patients with breast cancer and SPMI from the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2018) and used propensity score matching. We then used multivariate analysis, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and conditional logistic regression to compare demographics and outcomes. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 670 patients: 536 without SPMI and 134 with SPMI. SPMI was associated with bilateral mastectomy (bilateral: 53% vs. unilateral: 42.7%, p = 0.033) and decreased frequency of breast reconstruction (p < 0.001). SPMI was associated with more extended hospitalization (4 days vs. 2 days, p < 0.001) and increased risk of developing post-procedural infection and sepsis (OR 2.909). CONCLUSIONS SPMI is associated with bilateral mastectomy, more extended hospitalization, and increased risk for post-procedural infection and sepsis - suggesting the need for increased use of standardized screening tools to identify SPMI in patients and inform perioperative management correctly.
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Colorectal cancer treatment in people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e82. [PMID: 36384819 PMCID: PMC9706308 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS People with severe mental illness (SMI) have a greater risk of dying from colorectal cancer (CRC), even though the incidence is lower or similar to that of the general population This pattern is unlikely to be solely explained by lifestyle factors, while the role of differences in cancer healthcare access or treatment is uncertain. METHODS We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis on access to guideline-appropriate care following CRC diagnosis in people with SMI including the receipt of surgery, chemo- or radiotherapy. We searched for full-text articles indexed by PubMed, EMBASE, PsychInfo and CINAHL that compared CRC treatment in those with and without pre-existing SMI (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar and major affective disorders). Designs included cohort or population-based case-control designs. RESULTS There were ten studies (sample size = 3501-591 561). People with SMI had a reduced likelihood of surgery (RR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.92-0.97; p = 0.005; k = 4). Meta-analyses were not possible for the other outcomes but in results from individual studies, people with SMI were less likely to receive radiotherapy, chemotherapy or sphincter-sparing procedures. The disparity in care was greatest for those who had been psychiatric inpatients. CONCLUSIONS People with SMI, including both psychotic and affective disorders, receive less CRC care than the general population. This might contribute to higher case-fatality rates for an illness where the incidence is no higher than that of the general population. The reasons for this require further investigation, as does the extent to which differences in treatment access or quality contribute to excess CRC mortality in people with SMI.
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Wootten JC, Wiener JC, Blanchette PS, Anderson KK. Cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis among people with psychotic disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 80:102233. [PMID: 35952461 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research regarding the incidence of cancer among people with psychotic disorders relative to the general population is equivocal, although the evidence suggests that they have more advanced stage cancer at diagnosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the incidence and stage at diagnosis of cancer among people with, relative to those without, psychotic disorders. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases. Articles were included if they reported the incidence and/or stage at diagnosis of cancer in people with psychotic disorders. Random effects meta-analyses were used to determine risk of cancer and odds of advanced stage cancer at diagnosis in people with psychosis, relative to those without psychotic disorders. A total of 40 articles were included in the review, of which, 31 were included in the meta-analyses. The pooled age-adjusted risk ratio for all cancers in people with psychotic disorders was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.15), relative to those without psychotic disorders, with significant heterogeneity by cancer site. People with psychotic disorders had a higher incidence of breast, oesophageal, colorectal, testicular, uterine, and cervical cancer, and a lower incidence of skin, prostate, and thyroid cancer. People with psychotic disorders also had 22% higher (95% CI: 2-46%) odds of metastases at diagnosis, compared to those without psychotic disorders. Our systematic review found a significant difference in overall cancer incidence among people diagnosed with psychotic disorders and people with psychotic disorders were more likely to present with advanced stage cancer at diagnosis. This finding may reflect a need for improved access to and uptake of cancer screening for patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C Wootten
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Joshua C Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Phillip S Blanchette
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; ICES Western, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; ICES Western, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Bytnar JA, Lin J, Theeler BJ, Scher AI, Shriver CD, Zhu K. The relationship between prior psychiatric diagnosis and brain cancer diagnosis in the U.S. military health system. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:1135-1144. [PMID: 35838810 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research suggested the increased likelihood of brain cancer diagnosis following certain psychiatric diagnoses. This association may result from detection bias or suggest an early sign for brain cancer. This study investigated whether psychiatric illness may be an early manifestation of brain cancer while considering potential effects of detection bias. METHODS This case-control study used the data from the Department of Defense's Central Cancer Registry and the Military Health System Data Repository. Four cancer-free controls and one negative-outcome control (cancers not associated with psychiatric illness) were matched to each brain cancer case diagnosed from 1998 to 2013 by age, sex, race, and military status. The groups were compared in the likelihood of having a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS We found a significant association of psychiatric illnesses with brain cancer (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.18-3.16) and other cancers (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.49-2.19), compared to non-cancer controls. The association was stronger for psychiatric diagnoses within three months before cancer (brain cancer: OR = 26.77, 95% CI = 15.40-46.53; other cancers: OR = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.96-8.65). The association with psychiatric disorders within 3 months were higher for small brain tumors (OR = 128.32, 95% CI = 17.28-952.92 compared to non-cancer controls) while the OR was 2.79 for other cancers (95% CI = 0.86-8.99 compared to non-cancer controls). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association between diagnosed psychiatric illnesses and subsequent brain cancer diagnosis, which may not be solely explained by detection bias. Psychiatric illness might be a sign for early detection of brain cancer beyond the potential effects of detection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Bytnar
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Lin
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brett J Theeler
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ann I Scher
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig D Shriver
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kangmin Zhu
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Alpert AB, Scout NFN, Schabath MB, Adams S, Obedin-Maliver J, Safer JD. Gender- and Sexual Orientation- Based Inequities: Promoting Inclusion, Visibility, and Data Accuracy in Oncology. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 35658501 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_350175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people, including agender, asexual, bisexual, gay, gender diverse, genderqueer, genderfluid, intersex, lesbian, nonbinary, pansexual, queer, and transgender people, comprise approximately 10% or more of the U.S. population. Thus, most oncologists see SGM patients whether they know it or not. SGM people experience stigma and structural discrimination that lead to cancer disparities. Because of the lack of systematic and comprehensive data collection, data regarding SGM cancer incidence, outcomes, and treatment responses are limited. Collection of data regarding sexual orientation, gender identity, transgender identity and/or experience, anatomy, and serum hormone concentrations in oncology settings would drastically increase collective knowledge about the impact of stigma and biologic markers on cancer outcomes. Increasing the safety of oncology settings for SGM people will require individual, institutional, and systems changes that will likely improve oncologic care for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ash B Alpert
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - N F N Scout
- National LGBT Cancer Network, Providence, RI
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Spencer Adams
- School of Interdisciplinary Health Programs, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI
| | - Juno Obedin-Maliver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Joshua D Safer
- Division of Endocrinology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Mount Sinai Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, New York, NY
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12
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Momen NC, Plana-Ripoll O, Agerbo E, Christensen MK, Iburg KM, Laursen TM, Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Prior A, Weye N, McGrath JJ. Mortality Associated With Mental Disorders and Comorbid General Medical Conditions. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:444-453. [PMID: 35353141 PMCID: PMC8968685 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Premature mortality has been observed among people with mental disorders. Comorbid general medical conditions contribute substantially to this reduction in life expectancy. OBJECTIVE To provide an analysis of mortality associated with comorbidity between a broad range of mental disorders and general medical conditions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based cohort study of 5 946 800 individuals born in Denmark from 1900 to 2015 and residing in the country at the start of follow-up (January 1, 2000, or their date of birth, whichever occurred later). EXPOSURES Danish health registers were used to identify people with mental disorders and general medical conditions. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Considering pairs of mental disorders and general medical conditions, we calculated mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and differences in life expectancy (ie, life-years lost) to assess the association of mortality with both disorders of interest compared with the mental disorder of interest, the general medical condition of interest, and neither disorder of interest. RESULTS The study population comprised 2 961 397 males and 2 985 403 females, with a median (IQR) age of 32.0 years (7.3-52.9) at start of follow-up and 48.9 years (42.5-68.8) at the end. Based on all pairs of comorbid mental disorders and general medical conditions, the mean MRR compared with people without these conditions was 5.90 (median, 4.94; IQR, 3.80-7.30), and the mean reduction of life expectancy compared with the general population was 11.35 years (median, 11.08; range, 5.27-23.53; IQR, 8.22-13.72). The association with general medical condition comorbidity in those with mental disorders varied by general medical condition; for example, the addition of a neurological condition for each of the mental disorders was associated with a mean MRR of 1.22, whereas for cancer, the mean MRR for all mental disorders was 4.07. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, shorter life expectancy was associated with comorbid mental disorders and general medical conditions compared with the entire population and also when compared with patients who had either mental disorders only or general medical conditions only. Prevention and early detection of comorbidities could reduce premature mortality in patients with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Momen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,CIRRAU – Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria K. Christensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Munk Laursen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben B. Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,CIRRAU – Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten B. Pedersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,CIRRAU – Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Prior
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna Weye
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J. McGrath
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Association between schizophrenia and prostate cancer risk: Results from a pool of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 115:152308. [PMID: 35303584 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies analyzing the risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia patients have generated mixed results. We performed a meta-analysis and a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the relationship and causality between schizophrenia and the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS A comprehensive and systematic search of cohort studies was conducted, and a random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for prostate cancer incidence among schizophrenia patients versus the general population. To investigate the correlation between genetically-predicted schizophrenia and prostate cancer risk, we used summary statistics from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium (61,106 controls and 79,148 cases), and 75 schizophrenia-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from European descent as the instrumental variable. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies with 218,076 men involved, a decreased risk of prostate cancer was observed among schizophrenia patients [SIR 0.610; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.500-0.740; p < 0.001] with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 83.3%; p < 0.001). However, MR analysis did not sustain the link between genetically-predicted schizophrenia and prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) 1.033; 95% CI 0.998-1.069; p = 0.065]. The result was robust against extensive sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated a decreased risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia patients through meta-analysis, while MR analysis did not support the connection between schizophrenia and prostate cancer. Due to the interaction of genetic variants between binary exposures, we need to be cautious in interpreting and presenting causal associations. Moreover, further research is needed to investigate underlying factors that might link schizophrenia to the risk of prostate cancer.
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Grassi L, Stivanello E, Belvederi Murri M, Perlangeli V, Pandolfi P, Carnevali F, Caruso R, Saponaro A, Ferri M, Sanza M, Fioritti A, Meggiolaro E, Ruffilli F, Nanni MG, Ferrara M, Carozza P, Zerbinati L, Toffanin T, Menchetti M, Berardi D. Mortality from cancer in people with severe mental disorders in Emilia Romagna Region, Italy. Psychooncology 2021; 30:2039-2051. [PMID: 34499790 PMCID: PMC9290959 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine cancer‐related mortality in patients with severe mental disorders (SMI) in the Emilia Romagna (ER) Region, Northern Italy, during the period 2008–2017 and compare it with the regional population. Methods We used the ER Regional Mental Health Registry identifying all patients aged ≥18 years who had received an ICD‐9CM system diagnosis of SMI (i.e., schizophrenia or other functional psychosis, mania, or bipolar affective disorders) during a 10‐year period (2008–2017). Information on deaths (date and causes of death) were retrieved through the Regional Cause of Death Registry. Comparisons were made with the deaths and cause of deaths of the regional population over the same period. Results Amongst 12,385 patients suffering from SMI (64.1% schizophrenia spectrum and 36.9% bipolar spectrum disorders), 24% (range 21%–29%) died of cancer. In comparison with the general regional population, the mortality for cancer was about 50% higher among patients with SMI, irrespective if affected by schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. As for the site‐specific cancers, significant excesses were reported for stomach, central nervous system, respiratory, and pancreas cancer with a variability according to psychiatric diagnosis and gender. Conclusions Patients suffering from SMI had higher mortality risk than the regional population with some differences according to cancer type, gender, and psychiatric diagnosis. Proper cancer preventive and treatment interventions, including more effective risk modification strategies (e.g., smoking cessation, dietary habits) and screening for cancer, should be part of the agenda of all mental health departments in conjunction with other health care organizations, including psycho‐oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Stivanello
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Trust of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Public Health, Local Health Trust of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Carnevali
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosangela Caruso
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessio Saponaro
- General Directorate of Health and Social Policies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mila Ferri
- General Directorate of Health and Social Policies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Sanza
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Local Health Trust of Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Angelo Fioritti
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Local Health Trust of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Meggiolaro
- Psycho-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffilli
- Psycho-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Program for Specialized Treatment Early in Psychosis (STEP), Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paola Carozza
- Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Local Health Trust of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Zerbinati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Toffanin
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Menchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Berardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Solmi M, Fiedorowicz J, Poddighe L, Delogu M, Miola A, Høye A, Heiberg IH, Stubbs B, Smith L, Larsson H, Attar R, Nielsen RE, Cortese S, Shin JI, Fusar-Poli P, Firth J, Yatham LN, Carvalho AF, Castle DJ, Seeman MV, Correll CU. Disparities in Screening and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Mental Disorders Across the World: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 47 Observational Studies. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:793-803. [PMID: 34256605 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used meta-analysis to assess disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening and treatment in people with mental disorders, a group that has elevated CVD incidence and mortality. METHODS The authors searched PubMed and PsycInfo through July 31, 2020, and conducted a random-effect meta-analysis of observational studies comparing CVD screening and treatment in people with and without mental disorders. The primary outcome was odds ratios for CVD screening and treatment. Sensitivity analyses on screening and treatment separately and on specific procedures, subgroup analyses by country, and by controlling for confounding by indication, as well as meta-regressions, were also run, and publication bias and quality were assessed. RESULTS Forty-seven studies (N=24,400,452 patients, of whom 1,283,602 had mental disorders) from North America (k=26), Europe (k=16), Asia (k=4), and Australia (k=1) were meta-analyzed. Lower rates of screening or treatment in patients with mental disorders emerged for any CVD (k=47, odds ratio=0.773, 95% CI=0.742, 0.804), coronary artery disease (k=34, odds ratio=0.734, 95% CI=0.690, 0.781), cerebrovascular disease (k=8, odds ratio=0.810, 95% CI=0.779, 0.842), and other mixed CVDs (k=11, odds ratio=0.839, 95% CI=0.761, 0.924). Significant disparities emerged for any screening, any intervention, catheterization or revascularization in coronary artery disease, intravenous thrombolysis for stroke, and treatment with any and with specific medications for CVD across all mental disorders (except for CVD medications in mood disorders). Disparities were largest for schizophrenia, and they differed across countries. Median study quality was high (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score, 8); higher-quality studies found larger disparities, and publication bias did not affect results. CONCLUSIONS People with mental disorders, and those with schizophrenia in particular, receive less screening and lower-quality treatment for CVD. It is of paramount importance to address underprescribing of CVD medications and underutilization of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures across all mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Jess Fiedorowicz
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Laura Poddighe
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Marco Delogu
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Alessandro Miola
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Anne Høye
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Ina H Heiberg
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Lee Smith
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Rubina Attar
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - René E Nielsen
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Joseph Firth
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - David J Castle
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Neurosciences Department (Solmi, Miola), Padua Neuroscience Center (Solmi), Department of General Psychology (Poddighe), and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology (Delogu), University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Solmi, Fusar-Poli); Psychiatry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (Fiedorowicz); Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (Høye); Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø (Høye, Heiberg); Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Stubbs); Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, U.K. (Smith); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden (Larsson); Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (Attar); Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (Nielsen); Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, U.K. (Cortese); Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York (Cortese); Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K. (Cortese); Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Shin); National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, and OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Fusar-Poli); Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fusar-Poli); Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. (Firth); NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia (Firth); Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Yatham); Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Castle, Seeman); IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia (Carvalho); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin (Correll); Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Correll); and Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Correll)
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Alpert AB, Komatsoulis GA, Meersman SC, Garrett-Mayer E, Bruinooge SS, Miller RS, Potter D, Koronkowski B, Stepanski E, Dizon DS. Identification of Transgender People With Cancer in Electronic Health Records: Recommendations Based on CancerLinQ Observations. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:e336-e342. [PMID: 33705680 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer prevalence and outcomes data, necessary to understand disparities in transgender populations, are significantly hampered because gender identity data are not routinely collected. A database of clinical data on people with cancer, CancerLinQ, is operated by the ASCO and collected from practices across the United States and multiple electronic health records. METHODS To attempt to identify transgender people with cancer within CancerLinQ, we used three criteria: (1) International Classification of Diseases 9/10 diagnosis (Dx) code suggestive of transgender identity; (2) male gender and Dx of cervical, endometrial, ovarian, fallopian tube, or other related cancer; and (3) female gender and Dx of prostate, testicular, penile, or other related cancer. Charts were abstracted to confirm transgender identity. RESULTS Five hundred fifty-seven cases matched inclusion criteria and two hundred and forty-two were abstracted. Seventy-six percent of patients with Dx codes suggestive of transgender identity were transgender. Only 2% and 3% of the people identified by criteria 2 and 3 had evidence of transgender identity, respectively. Extrapolating to nonabstracted data, we would expect to identify an additional four individuals in category 2 and an additional three individuals in category 3, or a total of 44. The total population in CancerLinQ is approximately 1,300,000. Thus, our methods could identify 0.003% of the total population as transgender. CONCLUSION Given the need for data regarding transgender people with cancer and the deficiencies of current data resources, a national concerted effort is needed to prospectively collect gender identity data. These efforts will require systemic efforts to create safe healthcare environments for transgender people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ash B Alpert
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert S Miller
- CancerLinQ LLC, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - Danielle Potter
- CancerLinQ LLC, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | | | | | - Don S Dizon
- Lifespan Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
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Protani MM, Jordan SJ, Kendall BJ, Siskind D, Lawrence D, Sara G, Brophy L, Kisely S. Colorectal cancer Outcomes in people with Severe Mental Illness Cohort (COSMIC): a protocol for an Australian retrospective cohort using linked administrative data. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044737. [PMID: 34103315 PMCID: PMC8190058 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality is significantly higher in those with severe mental illness (SMI) compared with the general population, despite similar incidence rates, suggesting that barriers to optimal screening and cancer care may contribute to disparities in CRC mortality in those with SMI. This study aims to compare participation in Australia's National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NBCSP) in those with SMI and those in the general population. We will also investigate treatment pathways after diagnosis to determine whether treatment variations could explain differences in CRC mortality. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will undertake a retrospective cohort study of Australians using linked administrative data to assess differences in screening and cancer care between those with and without SMI, aged 50-74 years on or after 1 January 2006. People with SMI will be defined using antipsychotic medication prescription data. The comparison group will be people enrolled in Medicare (Australia's universal healthcare system) who have not been prescribed antipsychotic medication. Data on outcomes (NBCSP participation, follow-up colonoscopy, CRC incidence and CRC-cause and all-cause mortality) and confounders will be obtained from national-based and state-based administrative health datasets. All people in New South Wales, aged 50-74 with a new diagnosis of CRC on or after 1 January 2006, will be ascertained to examine stage at diagnosis and cancer treatment in those with and without SMI. Poisson regression will be used to calculate incidence rates and rate ratios for each outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Ethics Committee and data custodians from every Australian State/Territory. Findings will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presented at appropriate conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12620000781943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda M Protani
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan J Jordan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bradley J Kendall
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grant Sara
- InforMH, System Information and Analytics Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Brophy
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Günther MP, Schulze JB, Jellestad L, Mehnert-Theuerkauf A, von Känel R, Euler S. Mental disorders, length of hospitalization, and psychopharmacy-New approaches to identify barriers to psychological support for patients with cancer. Psychooncology 2021; 30:1773-1781. [PMID: 34089283 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite abundant evidence that emotional distress is frequent in cancer patients and associated with adverse health outcomes, distress screening rates and adequate referrals to psychological support programs among those in need are insufficient in many cancer centers. We therefore aimed to analyze patient- and treatment-related barriers to distress screening and referrals to psychological support as a mandatory component of best-practice cancer care. METHOD In the present explorative study, latent class analysis was used to identify homogeneous subgroups among 4837 patients diagnosed with cancer between 2011 and 2019. RESULTS Four subgroups were identified. Patients with a mental disorder and psychopharmacology were least probable to be screened for distress. Together with patients aged 65 or older and male patients, they were also less likely to receive psychological support. Patients hospitalized for 28 days or longer were most likely to be both screened and to receive psychological support. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and researchers are recommended not neglect patients with mental disorders and psychopharmacological treatment as well as male and elderly patients when screening for distress and providing access to psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Philipp Günther
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Ben Schulze
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Jellestad
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Mehnert-Theuerkauf
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Euler
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Pre-existing psychiatric disorder is related to lower mortality from road traffic accident: A Japanese nationwide retrospective cohort study. Injury 2021; 52:1390-1395. [PMID: 33663800 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the mortality from trauma among psychiatric patients comparing to non-psychiatric population, which may be partly explained by the inclusion of both suicidal and accidental trauma. This study aimed to investigate the association of psychiatric diagnoses on admission with the outcomes of hospitalized patients for accidental trauma, namely road traffic injury. METHODS Detailed information of patients aged 15 years or older who were hospitalized for road traffic injury between 2004 and 2017 was extracted from the Japan Trauma Data Bank. The primary outcome was to compare in-hospital mortality between patients with and without a psychiatric disorder. We also conducted a subgroup analysis among patients with and without a serious head injury. RESULTS Altogether, 85,069 patients were included. Of these, 3,895 patients (4.6%) had a psychiatric diagnosis. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower among patients with a psychiatric diagnosis than those without (5.4% vs. 8.3%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.70, p<0.001). In a subgroup analysis of patients with a serious head injury, in-hospital mortality was significantly lower in patients with a psychiatric diagnosis than in those without (10.5% vs. 17.3%; adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.37-0.62, p<0.001); in-hospital mortality of patients without a serious head injury showed no differences between patients with or without a psychiatric diagnosis (2.8% vs. 3.5%; adjusted OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.61-1.16, p=0.295). CONCLUSIONS In-hospital mortality from road traffic injury was significantly lower among patients with a psychiatric diagnosis than those without, which was primarily evident in a subgroup of patients with a serious head injury. While further replication is necessary, results might be indicative of the neuroprotective effect of psychotropic medications.
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20
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Berchuck JE, Meyer CS, Zhang N, Berchuck CM, Trivedi NN, Cohen B, Wang S. Association of Mental Health Treatment With Outcomes for US Veterans Diagnosed With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:1055-1062. [PMID: 32496507 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Preexisting mental health disorders (MHDs) are associated with increased mortality in people diagnosed with cancer, yet few data exist on the efficacy of interventions to mitigate this disparity. Objective To evaluate the association of participation in mental health treatment programs (MHTPs), housing support programs, or employment support programs with stage at cancer diagnosis, receipt of stage-appropriate treatment, and mortality among patients with a preexisting MHD. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, population-based cohort study included 55 315 veterans in the Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry (VACCR) who had newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from September 30, 2000, to December 31, 2011. Data were analyzed from January 15, 2017, to March 17, 2020. Exposures Mental health disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorder. Main Outcomes and Measures Stage at cancer diagnosis, receipt of stage-appropriate cancer treatment, all-cause mortality, and lung cancer-specific mortality. Results Of 55 315 veterans with a new diagnosis of NSCLC included in the analysis (98.1% men; mean [SD] age, 68.1 [9.8] years), 18 229 had a preexisting MHD, among whom participation in MHTPs was associated with a lower likelihood of being diagnosed in a late stage (odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58-0.66; P < .001), a higher likelihood of receiving stage-appropriate treatment (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.26-1.89; P < .001), lower all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.72-0.77; P < .001), and lower lung cancer-specific mortality (AHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74-0.80; P < .001). Likewise, participation in housing and employment support programs was associated with similar improvements in all outcomes described above. Conclusions and Relevance In veterans with preexisting MHDs diagnosed with NSCLC, participation in MHTPs and housing and employment support programs was associated with improved lung cancer-related outcomes. This study might be the first to demonstrate significant improvement in cancer mortality for patients with MHDs who participate in MHTPs, housing support programs, or employment support programs. This work supports substantial literature that investment in mental health and social needs can improve health outcomes and highlights the importance of further research to identify, evaluate, and implement interventions to improve outcomes for patients with MHDs who are diagnosed with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Berchuck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Craig S Meyer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Neil N Trivedi
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco
| | - Beth Cohen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Sunny Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the update of the evidence-based and consensus-based German S3 guideline on psychosocial therapies for severe mental illnesses (SMI), with particular attention to current developments and future research tasks. RECENT FINDINGS There has been a significant increase in studies on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in treatment of people with SMI. In the guideline a distinction is made between system-level interventions (e.g. multidisciplinary team-based psychiatric community care) and single-handed (nonteam-based) interventions (e.g. psychoeducation). Furthermore, principles of treatment (e.g. recovery-orientation) and self-help interventions (e.g. peer support) are addressed. The update of the guideline includes 33 recommendations and 12 statements. Compared with the first edition, there were upgrades in the recommendation of Supported Employment (A) and Supported Housing (A). Interventions such as peer support (B) and lifestyle interventions (A) were included for the first time. Developments are discussed in the context of most recent literature. Areas for further research are highlighted and fields for next updates such as antistigma interventions and supported parenting were identified. SUMMARY The present guideline offers an important opportunity to further improve health services for people with SMI. However, guideline implementation is challenging.
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22
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The overall and sex- and age-group specific incidence rates of cancer in people with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e132. [PMID: 32460950 PMCID: PMC7264860 DOI: 10.1017/s204579602000044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Decades of research show that people with schizophrenia have an increased risk of death from cancer; however, the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer incidence remains less clear. This population-based study investigates the incidence of seven common types of cancer among people with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia and accounting for the effects of age, sex and calendar time. METHODS This population-based study used 1990-2013 data from three nationwide Swedish registries to calculate the incidence (in total, by age group and by sex) of any cancer and of lung, oesophageal, pancreatic, stomach, colon, (in men) prostate and (in women) breast cancer in 111 306 people with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia. The incidence in people with diagnosed schizophrenia was compared with the incidence in the general population. Risk estimates accounted for the effects of calendar time. RESULTS In 1 424 829 person-years of follow-up, schizophrenia did not confer an overall higher cancer risk (IRR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91-1.13) but was associated with a higher risk for female breast (IRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12-1.26), lung (IRR 1.42, 95% CI 1.28-1.58), oesophageal (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.46) and pancreatic (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.21) and a lower risk of prostate (IRR 0.66, 95% CI 0.55-0.79) cancer. Some age- and sex-specific differences in risk were observed. CONCLUSIONS People with schizophrenia do not have a higher overall incidence of cancer than people in the general population. However, there are significant differences in the risk of specific cancer types overall and by sex calling for efforts to develop disease-specific prevention programmes. In people with schizophrenia, higher risk generally occurs in those <75 years.
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23
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Räsänen S, Meyer-Rochow VB, Moring J, Hakko H. Hospital-treated physical illnesses and mortality: An 11-year follow-up study of long-stay psychiatric patients. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 22:211-8. [PMID: 17158034 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractUnder-recognitions of somatic illnesses have frequently been suggested to explain the well-known increased risks of mortality in long-stay psychiatric patients. There are, however, no studies, in which register information on realized somatic hospitalisations and mortality from somatic illnesses in psychiatric patients are actually linked and simultaneously evaluated. In this study, 208 long-stay psychiatric patients, suffering from functional psychoses (mainly schizophrenia) in Northern Finland were followed up for 11 years, and screened for all somatic hospitalisations and subsequent causes of death. 86.5% of the patients had undergone hospital treatment due to some physical illness after their first psychiatric admission. During specialized psychiatric care the majority of the deceased patients had received some somatic treatment for illnesses that ultimately caused their deaths: 81% representing circulatory, 71% digestive, 56% neoplastic, and 36% respiratory ailments. We found no evidence for the frequently expressed view that somatic illnesses in psychiatric patients were under-recognized. Thus, the widely-documented poor physical outcome of long-stay psychiatric patients may be not attributable to neglect of care or abandon, but to difficulties in efficaciously addressing medical conditions in a population characterised by unhealthy life-style habits, psychiatric disability and isolation. The health care systems apparently offer a range of services, but the latter do not always reach the patients. Why this is so requires detailed further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Räsänen
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 26, 90029 Oulu, Finland
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24
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Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen AJ, Arffman M, Suvisaari J, Manderbacka K, Lumme S, Keskimäki I, Huovinen R, Pukkala E. Excess mortality from breast cancer in female breast cancer patients with severe mental illness. Psychiatry Res 2020; 286:112801. [PMID: 32001004 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Women with a history of severe mental illness (SMI) have elevated breast cancer mortality. Few studies have compared cancer-specific mortality in women with breast cancer with or without SMI to reveal gaps in breast cancer treatment outcomes. We compared breast-cancer specific mortality in women with or without SMI and investigated effects of stage at presentation, comorbidity, and differences in cancer treatment. Women with their first breast cancer diagnosis in 1990-2013 (n = 80,671) were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry, their preceding hospital admissions due to SMI (n = 4,837) from the Hospital Discharge Register and deaths from the Causes of Death Statistics. Competing risk models were used in statistical analysis. When controlling for age, year of cancer diagnosis, and comorbidity, breast cancer mortality was significantly elevated in patients with SMI. Relative mortality was highest in breast cancer patients with non-affective psychosis, partly explained by stage at presentation. Mortality was also significantly elevated in breast cancer patients with a substance use disorder and mood disorder. Patients with SMI received radiotherapy significantly less often than patients without SMI. Our findings emphasize the need to improve early detection of breast cancer in women with SMI and the collaboration between mental health care and oncological teams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martti Arffman
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health Unit, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Kristiina Manderbacka
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Sonja Lumme
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Ilmo Keskimäki
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland; Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, P.O. Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Huovinen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, P.O. Box 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Unioninkatu 22, Helsinki 00130, Finland
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25
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Disparities in cancer screening in people with mental illness across the world versus the general population: prevalence and comparative meta-analysis including 4 717 839 people. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:52-63. [PMID: 31787585 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since people with mental illness are more likely to die from cancer, we assessed whether people with mental illness undergo less cancer screening compared with the general population. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed and PsycINFO, without a language restriction, and hand-searched the reference lists of included studies and previous reviews for observational studies from database inception until May 5, 2019. We included all published studies focusing on any type of cancer screening in patients with mental illness; and studies that reported prevalence of cancer screening in patients, or comparative measures between patients and the general population. The primary outcome was odds ratio (OR) of cancer screening in people with mental illness versus the general population. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality and I2 to assess study heterogeneity. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018114781. FINDINGS 47 publications provided data from 46 samples including 4 717 839 individuals (501 559 patients with mental illness, and 4 216 280 controls), of whom 69·85% were women, for screening for breast cancer (k=35; 296 699 individuals with mental illness, 1 023 288 in the general population), cervical cancer (k=29; 295 688 with mental illness, 3 540 408 in general population), colorectal cancer (k=12; 153 283 with mental illness, 2 228 966 in general population), lung and gastric cancer (both k=1; 420 with mental illness, none in general population), ovarian cancer (k=1; 37 with mental illness, none in general population), and prostate cancer (k=6; 52 803 with mental illness, 2 038 916 in general population). Median quality of the included studies was high at 7 (IQR 6-8). Screening was significantly less frequent in people with any mental disease compared with the general population for any cancer (k=37; OR 0·76 [95% CI 0·72-0·79]; I2=98·53% with publication bias of Egger's p value=0·025), breast cancer (k=27; 0·65 [0·60-0·71]; I2=97·58% and no publication bias), cervical cancer (k=23; 0·89 [0·84-0·95]; I2=98·47% and no publication bias), and prostate cancer (k=4; 0·78 [0·70-0·86]; I2=79·68% and no publication bias), but not for colorectal cancer (k=8; 1·02 [0·90-1·15]; I2=97·84% and no publication bias). INTERPRETATION Despite the increased mortality from cancer in people with mental illness, this population receives less cancer screening compared with that of the general population. Specific approaches should be developed to assist people with mental illness to undergo appropriate cancer screening, especially women with schizophrenia. FUNDING None.
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26
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The impact of severe mental illness on lung cancer mortality of patients with lung cancer in Finland in 1990–2013: a register-based cohort study. Eur J Cancer 2019; 118:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Firth J, Siddiqi N, Koyanagi A, Siskind D, Rosenbaum S, Galletly C, Allan S, Caneo C, Carney R, Carvalho AF, Chatterton ML, Correll CU, Curtis J, Gaughran F, Heald A, Hoare E, Jackson SE, Kisely S, Lovell K, Maj M, McGorry PD, Mihalopoulos C, Myles H, O'Donoghue B, Pillinger T, Sarris J, Schuch FB, Shiers D, Smith L, Solmi M, Suetani S, Taylor J, Teasdale SB, Thornicroft G, Torous J, Usherwood T, Vancampfort D, Veronese N, Ward PB, Yung AR, Killackey E, Stubbs B. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6:675-712. [PMID: 31324560 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 750] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Hull York Medical School, Bradford, UK; Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cherrie Galletly
- Ramsay Health Care Mental Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Allan
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Constanza Caneo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rebekah Carney
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Youth Mental Health Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Chatterton
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jackie Curtis
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Heald
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Erin Hoare
- Food and Mood Centre, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Myles
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Pillinger
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Melbourne Clinic, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - David Shiers
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department and Padua Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Shuichi Suetani
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Johanna Taylor
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Hull York Medical School, Bradford, UK
| | - Scott B Teasdale
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of General Practice, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Psychiatric Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Philip B Ward
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eoin Killackey
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Tamauchi S, Kajiyama H, Moriyama Y, Yoshihara M, Ikeda Y, Yoshikawa N, Nishino K, Niimi K, Suzuki S, Kikkawa F. Relationship between preexisting mental disorders and prognosis of gynecologic cancers: A case-control study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2082-2087. [PMID: 31321830 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cancer treatment involves long-term therapy and follow-up, with mental disorders (MD) often affecting the treatment process. Hence, in this study, we retrospectively analyze cases involving gynecologic cancer with MD and clarify the relationship between psychosis and cancer prognosis. METHODS Patients with both gynecologic cancer and MD from January 2003 to August 2016 were recruited in this study. Cases were limited to those whose MD had been diagnosed before their cancer. Control patients without MD were also analyzed. Both cases and controls were adjusted for age, cancer type, and cancer stage. RESULTS A total of 54 patients with gynecologic cancer and MD, as well as 108 controls without MD, were included. The median age of the patients was 52 years. Details regarding cancer type were as follows: 11 ovarian cancers, 26 uterine corpus cancers and 17 cervical cancers. Among these, 25 schizophrenia cases, 15 depressive disorders, 4 bipolar disorders and 10 other MD were recorded. No significant differences in the 5-year survival rate were found between patients and controls. In advanced-stage cervical cancer, however, the prognosis was significantly poor given the low rate of initial treatment completion. Moreover, patients with advanced-stage cervical cancer had significantly lower chemotherapy completion rates compared to those with other gynecologic malignancies. CONCLUSION Mental disorders do not affect the prognosis of gynecologic cancers, except for advanced cervical cancer. Accordingly, improving the low rate of initial treatment completion seems to be a focal point for better prognosis in advanced cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tamauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Klaassen Z, Wallis CJD, Goldberg H, Chandrasekar T, Sayyid RK, Williams SB, Moses KA, Terris MK, Nam RK, Urbach D, Austin PC, Kurdyak P, Kulkarni GS. The impact of psychiatric utilisation prior to cancer diagnosis on survival of solid organ malignancies. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:840-847. [PMID: 30837680 PMCID: PMC6474265 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients with cancer, prior research suggests that patients with mental illness may have reduced survival. The objective was to assess the impact of psychiatric utilisation (PU) prior to cancer diagnosis on survival outcomes. METHODS All residents of Ontario diagnosed with one of the top 10 malignancies (1997-2014) were included. The primary exposure was psychiatric utilisation gradient (PUG) score in 5 years prior to cancer: 0: none, 1: outpatient, 2: emergency department, 3: hospital admission. A multivariable, cause-specific hazard model was used to assess the effect of PUG score on cancer-specific mortality (CSM), and a Cox proportional hazard model for effect on all-cause mortality (ACM). RESULTS A toal of 676,125 patients were included: 359,465 (53.2%) with PUG 0, 304,559 (45.0%) PUG 1, 7901 (1.2%) PUG 2, and 4200 (0.6%) PUG 3. Increasing PUG score was independently associated with worse CSM, with an effect gradient across the intensity of pre-diagnosis PU (vs PUG 0): PUG 1 h 1.05 (95% CI 1.04-1.06), PUG 2 h 1.36 (95% CI 1.30-1.42), and PUG 3 h 1.73 (95% CI 1.63-1.84). Increasing PUG score was also associated with worse ACM. CONCLUSIONS Pre-cancer diagnosis PU is independently associated with worse CSM and ACM following diagnosis among patients with solid organ malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Klaassen
- 0000 0001 2150 066Xgrid.415224.4Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2284 9329grid.410427.4Division of Urology, Medical College of Georgia–Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Christopher J. D. Wallis
- 0000 0001 2150 066Xgrid.415224.4Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Hanan Goldberg
- 0000 0001 2150 066Xgrid.415224.4Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Thenappan Chandrasekar
- 0000 0001 2150 066Xgrid.415224.4Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Rashid K. Sayyid
- 0000 0001 2284 9329grid.410427.4Division of Urology, Medical College of Georgia–Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Stephen B. Williams
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Division of Urology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Kelvin A. Moses
- 0000 0004 1936 9916grid.412807.8Department of Urological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Martha K. Terris
- 0000 0001 2284 9329grid.410427.4Division of Urology, Medical College of Georgia–Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Robert K. Nam
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0000 9743 1587grid.413104.3Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0000 8849 1617grid.418647.8Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - David Urbach
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0000 8849 1617grid.418647.8Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0004 0474 0188grid.417199.3Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Peter C. Austin
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0000 8849 1617grid.418647.8Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0000 8849 1617grid.418647.8Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Girish S. Kulkarni
- 0000 0001 2150 066Xgrid.415224.4Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,0000 0000 8849 1617grid.418647.8Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON Canada
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Stockbridge EL, Chhetri S, Polcar LE, Loethen AD, Carney CP. Behavioral health conditions and potentially preventable diabetes-related hospitalizations in the United States: Findings from a national sample of commercial claims data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212955. [PMID: 30818377 PMCID: PMC6394977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the relationship between potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) for diabetes and behavioral health conditions in commercially insured working-age persons with diabetes in the United States. Research design and methods We retrospectively analyzed medical and pharmacy claims from services rendered between 2011 and 2013 for 229,039 adults with diabetes. Diabetes PPHs were identified using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Prevention Quality Indicators v6.0 logic. We used negative binomial-logit hurdle regression models to explore the adjusted relationships between diabetes PPHs and schizophrenia, bipolar, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder, alcohol use disorder, and drug use disorder. Results A total of 4,521 diabetes PPHs were experienced by 3,246 of the persons in the sample. The 20.83% of persons with one or more behavioral health conditions experienced 43.62% (1,972/4,521; 95% CI 42.18%-45.07%) of all diabetes PPHs, and the 7.14% of persons with more than one diagnosed behavioral health condition experienced 24.77% (1,120/4,521; 95% CI 23.54%-26.05%) of all diabetes PPHs. After adjusting for sociodemographic and physical health covariates, patients with depression, schizophrenia, drug or alcohol use disorders, or multiple behavioral health conditions were at significantly increased risk of experiencing at least one diabetes PPH, while patients with depression, drug use disorder, or multiple behavioral health conditions were at significantly increased risk of experiencing recurring diabetes PPHs over time. Conclusions A number of behavioral health conditions are associated with diabetes PPHs, which are often preventable with timely, high-quality outpatient care. The results of this study will enable clinicians, payers, and policy-makers to better focus outpatient care interventions and resources within the population of persons with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Stockbridge
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Advanced Health Analytics and Solutions, Magellan Healthcare, Magellan Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shlesma Chhetri
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Leah E. Polcar
- Department of Advanced Health Analytics and Solutions, Magellan Healthcare, Magellan Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Abiah D. Loethen
- Department of Advanced Health Analytics and Solutions, Magellan Healthcare, Magellan Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Caroline P. Carney
- Magellan Rx, Magellan Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer risk factors, like tobacco smoking, are highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Whether these patients have a higher risk of lung cancer remains unknown. AIMS We aimed to investigate whether patients with schizophrenia have a higher incidence of lung cancer compared with general population, in a meta-analysis. METHOD Eligible studies were searched from PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify cases of lung cancer in patients with schizophrenia and the general population. This meta-analysis utilised the random-effects model and prediction interval was used to calculate the heterogeneity of these eligible studies. We assessed the quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS There were 12 studies, totalling 496 265 patients, included in this meta-analysis. The data showed that the baseline schizophrenia diagnosis was not associated with any changes in lung cancer incidence in the overall population, with a standardised incidence ratio of 1.11 (95% CI 0.90-1.37; P = 0.31), although there was a significant heterogeneity among these studies (I2 = 94%). Moreover, there was also a substantial between-study variance with wide prediction interval values (0.47-2.64). The data were consistent for both males and females. CONCLUSIONS Up-to-date evidence from epidemiological studies indicates the lack of certainty about the association between schizophrenia diagnosis and lung cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Professor, Department of Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory, Tianjin Anding Hospital; Department of Psychiatry and Comorbidity, Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; Department of Psychiatry, Jinning Medical University; and Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, China,Correspondence: Chuanjun Zhuo, Department of Psychiatry and Comorbidity, Mental Health Teaching Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300300, China.
| | - Hongqing Zhuang
- Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Professor, Health Management Institute, Big Data Analysis Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, China
| | - Patrick Todd Triplett
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA
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Xiping Z, Shuai Z, Feijiang Y, Bo C, Shifeng Y, Qihui C. Meta-analysis of the Correlation Between Schizophrenia and Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 19:e172-e185. [PMID: 30573304 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the correlation between schizophrenia and breast cancer (BC). METHODS We searched relevant articles indexed in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases; managed the data in Endnote X7 software; evaluated literature quality by Newcastle-Ottawa quality evaluation criteria; designed tables; and extracted relevant data. The main outcome measure was BC incidence. Effect values were risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals. We used Stata 13.1 software to perform the meta-analysis, choosing a corresponding combination model according to heterogeneity test results and carrying out subgroup analyses in order to better understand the stability of results through sensitivity analysis. RESULTS On the basis of 15 studies that assessed patients in different geographic regions, meta-analysis results showed that BC incidence between the exposure group (patients with schizophrenia) and the control group (nonschizophrenia population or general population) had statistical difference (risk ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.05, 1.32), thus showing that BC incidence in patients with schizophrenia is higher than in the nonschizophrenia or general population. Subgroup analysis indicated that gender and geographic region may be sources of the assessed studies' heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The incidence of schizophrenia is positively correlated with BC, and the incidence of BC in patients with schizophrenia is increased to a certain degree. Because of the effects of potential and publication bias, this conclusion needs more high-quality studies to increase the strength of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xiping
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhao Shuai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Feijiang
- Department of Medical Records Room, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Bo
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Shifeng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qihui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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33
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Gao X, Mi Y, Guo N, Xu H, Jiang P, Zhang R, Xu L, Gou X. Glioma in Schizophrenia: Is the Risk Higher or Lower? Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:289. [PMID: 30233327 PMCID: PMC6129591 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether persons with schizophrenia have a higher or lower incidence of cancer has been discussed for a long time. Due to the complex mechanisms and characteristics of different types of cancer, it is difficult to evaluate the exact relationship between cancers and schizophrenia without considering the type of tumor. Schizophrenia, a disabling mental illness that is now recognized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, is more correlated with brain tumors, such as glioma, than other types of tumors. Thus, we mainly focused on the relationship between schizophrenia and glioma morbidity. Glioma tumorigenesis and schizophrenia may share similar mechanisms; gene/pathway disruption would affect neurodevelopment and reduce the risk of glioma. The molecular defects of disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), P53, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C-X-C chemokine receptors type 4 (CXCR4) involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis might play opposite roles in glioma development. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-183, miR-9, miR-137 and miR-126 expression change may be involved in the cross talk between glioma prevalence and schizophrenia. Finally, antipsychotic drugs may have antitumor effects. All these factors show that persons with schizophrenia have a decreased incidence of glioma; therefore, epidemiological investigation and studies comparing genetic and epigenetic aberrations involved in both of these complex diseases should be performed. These studies can provide more insightful knowledge about glioma and schizophrenia pathophysiology and help to determine the target/strategies for the prevention and treatment of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajing Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengtao Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruisan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Dalton SO, Suppli NP, Ewertz M, Kroman N, Grassi L, Johansen C. Impact of schizophrenia and related disorders on mortality from breast cancer: A population-based cohort study in Denmark, 1995–2011. Breast 2018; 40:170-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Kisely S, Xiao J. Cultural and linguistic diversity increases the likelihood of compulsory community treatment. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:104-108. [PMID: 29249560 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds are over-represented in compulsory admissions to hospital but little is known about whether this also applies to community treatment orders (CTOs). AIMS We investigated any differences between Australian- and foreign-born patients in the likelihood of CTO placement using state-wide databases from Western Australia. METHODS Cases and controls from administrative health data were matched on age, sex, diagnosis and time of hospital discharge (the index date). Logistic regression was then used to identify potential predictors of a CTO. We also assessed if any differences in CTO placement between Australian- and foreign-born patients had effects on bed-days or community contacts in the subsequent year. RESULTS We identified 2958 CTO cases and controls from November 1997 to December 2008 (total n=5916). Of these, 74% had schizophrenia or other non-affective psychoses. Patients who were born in New Zealand, the United Kingdom or Ireland had very similar rates of CTO placement compared to those who were Australian-born. By contrast, there was a gradient of increasing risk of CTO placement for people born in Continental Europe (ORadj=1.36; 95% CI=1.07-1.71, p=0.01) and then the Rest of the World (ORadj=1.61; 95% CI=1.31-1.97, p<0.001). However, there was no evidence of additional benefit in terms of health service use in the following year. CONCLUSIONS In common with other coercive treatments, people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds are more likely to be placed on CTOs. Further research is needed to establish if this is for similar reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kisely
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, QLD, Australia; Metro South Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Griffith Institute of Health, Griffith University, QLD, Australia; Dalhousie University, Department of Psychiatry, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Dalhousie University, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Jianguo Xiao
- Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Manderbacka K, Arffman M, Lumme S, Suvisaari J, Keskimäki I, Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen A, Malila N, Pukkala E. The effect of history of severe mental illness on mortality in colorectal cancer cases: a register-based cohort study. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:759-764. [PMID: 29363989 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1429649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the link between mental illness and cancer survival is well established, few studies have focused on colorectal cancer. We examined outcomes of colorectal cancer among persons with a history of severe mental illness (SMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS We identified patients with their first colorectal cancer diagnosis in 1990-2013 (n = 41,708) from the Finnish Cancer Registry, hospital admissions due to SMI preceding cancer diagnosis (n = 2382) from the Hospital Discharge Register and deaths from the Causes of Death statistics. Cox regression models were used to study the impact on SMI to mortality differences. RESULTS We found excess colorectal cancer mortality among persons with a history of psychosis and with substance use disorder. When controlling for age, comorbidity, stage at presentation and treatment, excess mortality risk among men with a history of psychosis was 1.72 (1.46-2.04) and women 1.37 (1.20-1.57). Among men with substance use disorder, the excess risk was 1.22 (1.09-1.37). CONCLUSION Understanding factors contributing to excess mortality among persons with a history of psychosis or substance use requires more detailed clinical studies and studies of care processes among these vulnerable patient groups. Collaboration between patients, mental health care and oncological teams is needed to improve outcomes of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Manderbacka
- Health and Social Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti Arffman
- Health and Social Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Lumme
- Health and Social Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmo Keskimäki
- Health and Social Systems Research Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Nea Malila
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
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Huang HK, Wang YW, Hsieh JG, Hsieh CJ. Disparity of end-of-life care in cancer patients with and without schizophrenia: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:434-440. [PMID: 29066257 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients with schizophrenia may face disparities in end-of life care, and it is unclear whether schizophrenia affects their medical care and treatment. METHODS We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study based on the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The study population included patients >20years old who were newly diagnosed as having one of six common cancers between 2000 and 2012 (schizophrenia cohort: 1911 patients with both cancer and schizophrenia; non-schizophrenia cohort: 7644 cancer patients without schizophrenia). We used a multiple logistic regression model to analyze the differences in medical treatment between the two cohorts in the final 1 and 3months of life. RESULTS In the 1month before death, there was higher intensive care unit utilization in the schizophrenia group [odd ratio (OR)=1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07-1.36] and no significant differences between the groups in-hospital stay length or hospice care. The schizophrenia patients received less chemotherapy (OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.55-0.66) but more invasive interventions, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.15-1.57). Advanced diagnostic examinations, such as computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging/sonography (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.71-0.89), were used less often for the schizophrenia patients. The 1- and 3-month prior to death results were similar. CONCLUSION End-of-life cancer patients with schizophrenia underwent more frequent invasive treatments but less chemotherapy and examinations. Treatment plans/advance directives should be discussed with patients/families early to enhance end-of-life care quality and reduce health care disparities caused by schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Kai Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Gang Hsieh
- Department of Family Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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The incidence rate of cancer in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:519-528. [PMID: 28943096 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies report that cancer prevalence in patients with schizophrenia might be different from the general population, but findings remain controversial. AIM Our updated meta-analysis of cohort studies aims to analyze the data from cohort studies concerning the incidence risk of overall cancer and some site-specific cancers in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD We performed a systemic search through electronic databases. Cohort studies evaluating and describing the cancer incidence among patients with schizophrenia were included. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for assessing the incidence risk of cancer. RESULTS There were 16 cohort studies included in this meta-analysis, which combined a total of 480,356 participants with schizophrenia and 41,999 cases of cancer. Results showed that there was a slight significant decreased overall risk ratio of cancer incidence among patients with schizophrenia (RR=0.90, 95% CI 0.81-0.99). When stratified by cancer site and gender, there were significant decreased incidence risk rates of colorectal cancer (RR=0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.98) and prostate cancer (RR=0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71) in those patients, moreover, the incidence rate of colorectal cancer decreased significantly in male patients (RR=0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98), and the incidence rate of lung cancer increased significantly in female patients (RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.25). CONCLUSIONS The incidence risk of some cancers was reduced in patients with schizophrenia. Gender and type of cancer were two important confounding factors contributed to the heterogeneity that required adjustment in our cancer incidence meta-analysis.
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McCarter K, Baker AL, Britton B, Wolfenden L, Wratten C, Bauer J, Halpin SA, Carter G, Beck AK, Leigh L, Oldmeadow C. Smoking, drinking, and depression: comorbidity in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2382-2390. [PMID: 29671955 PMCID: PMC6010893 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the prevalence and co-occurrence of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptoms among a sample of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy. A total of 307 HNC patients participated in a multi-site stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness of a dietitian-delivered health behavior intervention in patients with HNC undergoing radiotherapy. During week one of radiotherapy patients completed measures of smoking, alcohol consumption, and level of depression. Approximately one-fifth (21%) of patients had two or more co-occurring problems: current smoking, hazardous alcohol use, and/or likely presence of a major depressive episode (MDE). Approximately one-third (34%) of the sample were current smokers, one-third (31%) were drinking hazardously and almost one-fifth (19%) had likely cases of depression. Comorbidity of smoking, hazardous alcohol use, and MDE is high in HNC patients, and interventions need to address this cluster of cancer risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen McCarter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, PO BOX 833, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2300, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, PO BOX 833, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2300, Australia
| | - Benjamin Britton
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, PO BOX 833, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2300, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, PO BOX 833, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2300, Australia
| | - Chris Wratten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Newcastle Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales, 2298, Australia
| | - Judith Bauer
- Centre for Dietetics Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Sean A Halpin
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and IT, University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Gregory Carter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, PO BOX 833, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2300, Australia
| | - Alison K Beck
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, PO BOX 833, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2300, Australia
| | - Lucy Leigh
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, LOT 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, LOT 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
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Caqueo-Urízar A, Boyer L, Gilman SE. Needs of Patients with Schizophrenia Among an Ethnic Minority Group in Latin America. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 19:606-615. [PMID: 26936764 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to describe the need profile of outpatients with schizophrenia belonging to an Aymara ethnic group in Latin-America and to compare that profile to non-Aymara patients. A sample of 253 patients were evaluated with the Two-Way Communication Checklist (2-COM Checklist) measuring the needs and satisfaction of the patient; Positive and Negative Syndrome scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and Attitude to the Drugs (DAI-10). No significant differences were found between Aymara and non-Aymara, either in the total number of needs or in the subscales of satisfaction or in the types of needs. After adjustment for socio-demographic and clinical factors, patients with higher severity (PANSS) had higher number of needs and lower level of satisfaction. Higher score on DAI-10 is related to a higher total number of needs and better satisfaction with medication. Age, sex, ethnicity and employment were also associated with specific needs. The profile of the needs of schizophrenic Aymara patients does not differ from that of non-Aymara patients, and that in both groups it is necessary that the treatment primarily address symptom management and the subjective aspects of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avenida 18 de Septiembre 2222, Arica, Chile. .,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-6018, USA.
| | - Laurent Boyer
- EA 3279 - Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-6018, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-6018, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Blvd, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
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Manderbacka K, Arffman M, Suvisaari J, Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen A, Lumme S, Keskimäki I, Pukkala E. Effect of stage, comorbidities and treatment on survival among cancer patients with or without mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 211:304-309. [PMID: 28935659 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.117.198952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundEarlier research suggests poorer outcome of cancer care among people with severe mental illness (SMI).AimsTo assess the effect of stage at presentation, comorbidities and treatment on differences in survival among cancer patients with and without a history of SMI in Finland.MethodThe total population with a first cancer diagnosis in 1990-2013 was drawn from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Hospital admissions because of SMI and deaths were obtained from administrative registers. We calculated Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models to examine survival differences.ResultsWe found excess mortality in people with a history of psychotic and substance use disorders. Cancer stage and comorbidity did not explain mortality differences. Controlling for cancer treatment decreased the differences. The mortality gap between patients with psychosis and cancer patients without SMI increased over time.ConclusionsIntegrated medical and psychiatric care is needed to improve outcomes of cancer care among patients with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Manderbacka
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Martti Arffman
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Sonja Lumme
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilmo Keskimäki
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Kristiina Manderbacka, PhD, Martti Arffmar, MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Jaana Suvisaari, PhD, Aulikki Ahlgren-Rimpiläinen, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland; Sonja Lumme MSc, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland; Ilmo Keskimäki, PhD, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health and Social Systems Research, Helsinki, Finland and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Eero Pukkala, PhD, Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
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Iglay K, Santorelli ML, Hirshfield KM, Williams JM, Rhoads GG, Lin Y, Demissie K. Impact of Preexisting Mental Illness on All-Cause and Breast Cancer-Specific Mortality in Elderly Patients With Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:4012-4018. [PMID: 28934000 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.73.4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limited data are available on the survival of patients with breast cancer with preexisting mental illness, and elderly women are of special interest because they experience the highest incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, we compared all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality for elderly patients with breast cancer with and without mental illness. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted by using SEER-Medicare data, including 19,028 women ≥ 68 years of age who were diagnosed with stage I to IIIa breast cancer in the United States from 2005 to 2007. Patients were classified as having severe mental illness if an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification code for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder was recorded on at least one inpatient or two outpatient claims during the 3 years before breast cancer diagnosis. Patients were followed for up to 5 years after breast cancer diagnosis to assess survival outcomes, which were then compared with those of patients without mental illness. Results Nearly 3% of patients had preexisting severe mental illness. We observed a two-fold increase in the all-cause mortality hazard between patients with severe mental illness compared with those without mental illness after adjusting for age, income, race, ethnicity, geographic location, and marital status (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.84 to 2.60). A 20% increase in breast cancer-specific mortality hazard was observed, but the association was not significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.74). Patients with severe mental illness were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced breast cancer and aggressive tumor characteristics. They also had increased tobacco use and more comorbidities. Conclusion Patients with severe mental illness may need assistance with coordinating medical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Iglay
- Kristy Iglay, Melissa L. Santorelli, George G. Rhoads, Yong Lin and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers School of Public Health; Kim M. Hirshfield, Yong Lin, and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; and Kim M. Hirshfield and Jill M. Williams, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Melissa L Santorelli
- Kristy Iglay, Melissa L. Santorelli, George G. Rhoads, Yong Lin and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers School of Public Health; Kim M. Hirshfield, Yong Lin, and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; and Kim M. Hirshfield and Jill M. Williams, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Kim M Hirshfield
- Kristy Iglay, Melissa L. Santorelli, George G. Rhoads, Yong Lin and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers School of Public Health; Kim M. Hirshfield, Yong Lin, and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; and Kim M. Hirshfield and Jill M. Williams, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Jill M Williams
- Kristy Iglay, Melissa L. Santorelli, George G. Rhoads, Yong Lin and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers School of Public Health; Kim M. Hirshfield, Yong Lin, and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; and Kim M. Hirshfield and Jill M. Williams, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - George G Rhoads
- Kristy Iglay, Melissa L. Santorelli, George G. Rhoads, Yong Lin and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers School of Public Health; Kim M. Hirshfield, Yong Lin, and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; and Kim M. Hirshfield and Jill M. Williams, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Yong Lin
- Kristy Iglay, Melissa L. Santorelli, George G. Rhoads, Yong Lin and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers School of Public Health; Kim M. Hirshfield, Yong Lin, and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; and Kim M. Hirshfield and Jill M. Williams, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Kitaw Demissie
- Kristy Iglay, Melissa L. Santorelli, George G. Rhoads, Yong Lin and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers School of Public Health; Kim M. Hirshfield, Yong Lin, and Kitaw Demissie, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey; and Kim M. Hirshfield and Jill M. Williams, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between depression and incident cancer risk. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were searched to identify studies. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Risk ratios (RRs) were used to measure effect size. A random-effects model was applied to synthesize the associations between depression and cancer risk. A forest plot was produced to visually assess RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I-squared statistic. A funnel plot was generated to assess potential publication bias, and Egger's regression was applied to test the symmetry of the funnel plot. RESULTS In total, 1,469,179 participants and 89,716 incident cases of cancer from 25 studies were included. Depression was significantly associated with overall cancer risk (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09-1.22) and with liver cancer (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.43) and lung cancer (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.72). Subgroup analysis of studies in North America resulted in a significant summary relative risk (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.15-1.48). No significant associations were found for breast, prostate, or colorectal/colon cancer. The average Newcastle Ottawa score was 7.56 for all included studies. CONCLUSION Our findings showed a small and positive association between depression and the overall occurrence risk of cancer, as well as liver cancer and lung cancer risks. However, multinational and larger sample studies are required to further research and support these associations. Moreover, confounding factors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol use/abuse should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jia
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130020, China.
| | - F Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130020, China.
| | - Y F Liu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130020, China.
| | - J P Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130020, China.
| | - M M Leng
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130020, China.
| | - L Chen
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130020, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Zhuo C, Tao R, Jiang R, Lin X, Shao M. Cancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 211:7-13. [PMID: 28596246 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.195776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies have reported conflicting results on the association between schizophrenia and cancer mortality.AimsTo summarise available evidence and quantify the association between schizophrenia and cancer mortality using meta-analysis.MethodWe systematically searched literature in the PubMed and Embase databases. Risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals reported in individual studies were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model.ResultsWe included 19 studies in the meta-analysis. Among them, 15 studies reported standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing patients with schizophrenia with the general population, and the pooled SMR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.29-1.52, P < 0.001). The other four studies reported hazard ratios (HRs) comparing individuals with schizophrenia with those without schizophrenia; the pooled HR was 1.51 (95% CI 1.13-2.03, P = 0.006).ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia are at a significantly increased risk of cancer mortality compared with the general population or individuals without schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Chuanjun Zhuo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District and Dongli District, Tianjin, China; Ran Tao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (people's Liberation Army) Hospital, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing; Ronghuan Jiang, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing; Xiaodong Lin, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mingjing Shao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Chuanjun Zhuo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District and Dongli District, Tianjin, China; Ran Tao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (people's Liberation Army) Hospital, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing; Ronghuan Jiang, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing; Xiaodong Lin, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mingjing Shao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghuan Jiang
- Chuanjun Zhuo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District and Dongli District, Tianjin, China; Ran Tao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (people's Liberation Army) Hospital, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing; Ronghuan Jiang, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing; Xiaodong Lin, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mingjing Shao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Chuanjun Zhuo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District and Dongli District, Tianjin, China; Ran Tao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (people's Liberation Army) Hospital, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing; Ronghuan Jiang, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing; Xiaodong Lin, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mingjing Shao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Shao
- Chuanjun Zhuo, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District and Dongli District, Tianjin, China; Ran Tao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (people's Liberation Army) Hospital, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing; Ronghuan Jiang, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing; Xiaodong Lin, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh people's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mingjing Shao, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) Medical School, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Liu NH, Daumit GL, Dua T, Aquila R, Charlson F, Cuijpers P, Druss B, Dudek K, Freeman M, Fujii C, Gaebel W, Hegerl U, Levav I, Munk Laursen T, Ma H, Maj M, Elena Medina‐Mora M, Nordentoft M, Prabhakaran D, Pratt K, Prince M, Rangaswamy T, Shiers D, Susser E, Thornicroft G, Wahlbeck K, Fekadu Wassie A, Whiteford H, Saxena S. Excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorders: a multilevel intervention framework and priorities for clinical practice, policy and research agendas. World Psychiatry 2017; 16:30-40. [PMID: 28127922 PMCID: PMC5269481 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorders (SMD) is a major public health challenge that warrants action. The number and scope of truly tested interventions in this area remain limited, and strategies for implementation and scaling up of programmes with a strong evidence base are scarce. Furthermore, the majority of available interventions focus on a single or an otherwise limited number of risk factors. Here we present a multilevel model highlighting risk factors for excess mortality in persons with SMD at the individual, health system and socio-environmental levels. Informed by that model, we describe a comprehensive framework that may be useful for designing, implementing and evaluating interventions and programmes to reduce excess mortality in persons with SMD. This framework includes individual-focused, health system-focused, and community level and policy-focused interventions. Incorporating lessons learned from the multilevel model of risk and the comprehensive intervention framework, we identify priorities for clinical practice, policy and research agendas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H. Liu
- World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland,University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | | - Tarun Dua
- World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Fiona Charlson
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health ResearchWacolQLDAustralia
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Chiyo Fujii
- National Institute of Mental HealthTokyoJapan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Mental HealthBeijingP.R. China
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Naples SUNNaplesItaly
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Prince
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondonUK
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Lin J, McGlynn KA, Carter CA, Nations JA, Anderson WF, Shriver CD, Zhu K. The Impact of Preexisting Mental Health Disorders on the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survival among Lung Cancer Patients in the U.S. Military Health System. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1564-1571. [PMID: 27566418 PMCID: PMC5777503 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher cancer-related mortality has been observed among people with mental health disorders than in the general population. Both delay in diagnosis and inadequate treatment due to health care access have been found to explain the higher mortality. The U.S. Military Health System (MHS), in which all beneficiaries have equal access to health care, provides an ideal system to study this disparity where there are no or minimal barriers to health care access. This study assessed preexisting mental health disorders and stage at diagnosis, receipt of cancer treatment, and overall survival among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the U.S. MHS. METHODS The study used data from the linked database from the Department of Defense's Central Cancer Registry and the MHS Data Repository (MDR). The study subjects included 5,054 patients with histologically confirmed primary NSCLC diagnosed between 1998 and 2007. RESULTS Patients with a preexisting mental disorder did not present with more advanced disease at diagnosis than those without. There were no significant differences in receiving cancer treatments between the two groups. However, patients with a mental health disorder had a higher mortality than those without [adjusted HR, 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.20]. CONCLUSIONS Poor survival in NSCLC in patients with a preexisting mental health disorder is not necessarily associated with delay in diagnosis and/or inadequate cancer treatment. IMPACT This study contributes to the current understanding that health care access may not be sufficient to explain the poor survival among patients with NSCLC with preexisting mental health disorders. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1564-71. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Corey A Carter
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joel A Nations
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William F Anderson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Craig D Shriver
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kangmin Zhu
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Cetin
- Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Clinical Pychopharmacology, Istanbul-Turkey
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48
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Chou FHC, Tsai KY, Wu HC, Shen SP. Cancer in patients with schizophrenia: What is the next step? Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:473-488. [PMID: 27392126 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia, who constitute approximately 0.3-1% of the general population, have a nearly 20% shorter life expectancy than the general population. The incidence of varied types of cancers in patients with schizophrenia is controversial. The majority of previous research has demonstrated that patients who have schizophrenia and cancer have early mortality compared to the general population with cancer. The causes of early mortality in patients with schizophrenia and cancer might be attributed to a lower cancer screening rate and lack of effective treatment, including: (i) patient factors, such as poor lifestyle, passive attitude toward treatment, or comorbidity; (ii) physician factors, such as physician bias, which may decrease the delivery of care for individuals with mental disorders; and (iii) hospital administration factors, such as stigma and discrimination. Additional studies on patients with schizophrenia and cancer are warranted and should include the following: a comprehensive review of previous studies; a focus on differentiating the specific types of cancer; and methods for improvement. To decrease the early mortality of patients with schizophrenia, the following measures are proposed: (i) enhance early detection and early treatment, such as increasing the cancer screening rate for patients with schizophrenia; (ii) provide effective, timely treatment and rehabilitation; (iii) improve patients' psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment; (iv) promote healthy behavior in the general population and emphasize healthy lifestyles in vulnerable populations; and (v) remove the stigma of schizophrenia. To reduce disparities in physical health, public health strategies and welfare policies must continue to focus on this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H-C Chou
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Care, Meiho University, Ping-Tong County, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Tsai
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Wu
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pei Shen
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Safdieh JJ, Schwartz D, Rineer J, Weiner JP, Wong A, Schreiber D. Does the Presence of a Major Psychiatric Disorder Affect Tolerance and Outcomes in Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Radiation Therapy? Am J Mens Health 2016; 11:5-12. [PMID: 26487340 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315610626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have suggested that men with prostate cancer and psychiatric disorders (+Psy) have worse outcomes compared with those without (-Psy), particularly due to delayed diagnosis or reduced access to definitive treatment. In the current study, the toxicity and outcomes of men who were primarily diagnosed through prostate-specific antigen screening and who underwent definitive treatment with external beam radiation was investigated. The charts of 469 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2003 to 2010 were reviewed. The presence of +Psy was based on a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth edition diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or generalized anxiety disorder. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to analyze biochemical control, distant control, prostate cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. One hundred patients (21.3%) were identified as +Psy. At a median follow-up of 73 months, there were no differences regarding 6-year biochemical control (79.8% -Psy vs. 80.4% +Psy, p = .50) or 6-year distant metastatic-free survival (96.4% -Psy vs. 98.0% +Psy, p = .36). There were also no differences regarding the 6-year prostate cancer-specific survival (98.4% -Psy vs. 99.0% +Psy, p = .45) or 6-year overall survival (80.2% -Psy vs. 82.2% +Psy, p = .35). Short- and long-term genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities were similar between the groups. On multivariate analyses with propensity score adjustment, +Psy was not a significant predictor for toxicity, biochemical recurrence, or survival. The presence of +Psy was not associated with higher toxicity or worse clinical outcomes, suggesting that effective removal of screening and treatment barriers may reduce the survival disparities of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Safdieh
- 1 Department of Veteran Affairs, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,2 SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David Schwartz
- 1 Department of Veteran Affairs, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,2 SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Justin Rineer
- 3 University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Joseph P Weiner
- 1 Department of Veteran Affairs, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,2 SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Wong
- 1 Department of Veteran Affairs, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,2 SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David Schreiber
- 1 Department of Veteran Affairs, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,2 SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Weinstein LC, Stefancic A, Cunningham AT, Hurley KE, Cabassa LJ, Wender RC. Cancer screening, prevention, and treatment in people with mental illness. CA Cancer J Clin 2016; 66:134-51. [PMID: 26663383 PMCID: PMC4783271 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People with mental illness die decades earlier in the United States compared with the general population. Most of this disparity is related to preventable and treatable chronic conditions, with many studies finding cancer as the second leading cause of death. Individual lifestyle factors, such as smoking or limited adherence to treatment, are often cited as highly significant issues in shaping risk among persons with mental illness. However, many contextual or systems-level factors exacerbate these individual factors and may fundamentally drive health disparities among people with mental illness. The authors conducted an integrative review to summarize the empirical literature on cancer prevention, screening, and treatment for people with mental illness. Although multiple interventions are being developed and tested to address tobacco dependence and obesity in these populations, the evidence for effectiveness is quite limited, and essentially all prevention interventions focus at the individual level. This review identified only one published article describing evidence-based interventions to promote cancer screening and improve cancer treatment in people with mental illness. On the basis of a literature review and the experience and expertise of the authors, each section in this article concludes with suggestions at the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels that may improve cancer prevention, screening, and treatment in people with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Weinstein
- Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ana Stefancic
- Staff Research Associate, Columbia University-School of Social Work, New York, NY
| | - Amy T Cunningham
- Clinical Research Coordinator III, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katelyn E Hurley
- Clinical Research Specialist, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Richard C Wender
- Chief Cancer Control Officer, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA and Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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