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Li LJ, Chao S, Zhao SX, Lu J, Zhang XY, Zhao Y, Zhao MH, Huang GA, Yin S, Sun QY, Zhao L, Ge ZJ. Protocatechuic Acid Delays Postovulatory Oocyte Ageing in Mouse. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200363. [PMID: 36537853 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Tea is a popular beverage worldwide and has many health functions. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an important bioactive component of tea and has benefit to health. In some cases, oocytes after ovulation may miss the optimal fertilization time and enter a postovulatory ageing process. Therefore, to investigate the role of PCA in delaying oocyte ageing is aimed. METHODS AND RESULTS Metaphase II (MII) oocytes aged in vitro are randomly divided into three groups: control, aged, and aged + PCA. PCA treatment (30 µM) reduces the fragmentation rate and the incidence of abnormal spindle morphology and chromosome misalignment of oocytes aged 24 h in vitro. The mitochondrial dysfunction of aged oocytes, such as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS), is also alleviated by PCA. PCA also delays apoptosis of aged oocytes, and improves the sperm binding capacity. Otherwise, aged oocytes treated with PCA have a higher fertilization rate and blastocyst rate compared with untreated aged oocytes in vitro. CONCLUSION PCA is an important bioactive ingredient of tea that improves aged oocyte quality, suggesting that PCA is available to improve the quality of aged oocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100000, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Gui-An Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab and Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Jia Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
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Araujo JRDS, de Barros Arcoverde JV, de Farias Silva MG, Barros de Santana ER, da Silva PA, de Sousa S, Araujo, Santos N, de Almeida PM, de Andrade Lima CS, Benko-Iseppon AM, Aracati Padilha RJS, Alves M, Brasileiro-Vidal AC. Antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic properties of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. leaf extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:104-112. [PMID: 34906022 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2011313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amburana cearensis leaves have been used in folk medicine to treat respiratory diseases and inflammations. This study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of A. cearensis leaves by antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic analyses of ethanolic crude extract (EE) and its fractions in healthy human cells. The EE was obtained by percolation, followed by fractionation using dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) as organic solvents. Extract and all fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and reducing power tests. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay for the extract, EtOAc and MeOH fractions. In turn, the genotoxic activity was determined in human lymphocytes by the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay only for the EtOAc fraction. Only EtOAc fraction was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry due to its higher biological activity. Considering the antioxidant potential, the EtOAc fraction was most effective in DPPH (EC50 43.37 µg/mL) and reducing power (EC50 89.80 µg/mL) assays. GC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction led to the identification of guaiacol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, isovanillic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-(ethoxymethyl)-phenol. The EE (400-1000 µg/mL), EtOAc (≤150 µg/mL) and MeOH (50 and 150-600 µg/mL) fractions were not cytotoxic by MTT test. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction (100-400 µg/mL) did not induce significant genotoxic damage. Concentrations of the EtOAc fraction with antioxidant activity showed no cytotoxicity, nor genotoxicity potential, indicating them as a nontoxic natural antioxidant source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Araujo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Neide Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marccus Alves
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Pan Y, Qin R, Hou M, Xue J, Zhou M, Xu L, Zhang Y. The interactions of polyphenols with Fe and their application in Fenton/Fenton-like reactions. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sil S, De KK, Ghosh A. RP-HPLC-based phytochemical screening of different polyphenolic compounds from floral extract of four species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae). FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Saraca L. is one of the treasures throve of medicinally important plants in Indian subcontinent with its four species among which two are naturally distributed. It is one of the important resources of highly active phytochemicals due to which it proclaims a legendary position from ancient medicinal practices to modern ages. The crude extracts of flowers of four species were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus in petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate and 90% methanol sequentially. RP-HPLC (reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography)-based analysis of the presence of different phytochemicals using 15 different polyphenolic phytochemical standards was done to assess and quantify different phytochemicals.
Results
RP-HPLC-based evaluation revealed the presence different polyphenolic compounds like catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, t-cinnamic acid, anthrol, p-coumaric acid, biochanin A, etc., in a considerable amount which is very crucial for the phytomedicinal field. The correlations of the presence of known phytochemicals give a basis of phytochemical correlation among the four species. The RP-HPLC chromatographic data were applied to develop the complete phytochemical coding according to the complete set of chemicals found among the species to evaluate phytochemical correlation among them in a different way. This application also produces strong evidence of distinguishing features of S. indica and S. asoca that were considered as same species by some traditional taxonomy.
Conclusion
Extracts of S. thaipingensis contain highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, and the lowest amount was found in S. declinata. The phytochemical relations among S. asoca and S. declinata are high, and S. indica also has close relations with them, but S. thaipingensis has distinct divergence.
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The Effective Analysis for Blue Honeysuckle Extract in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9601020. [PMID: 36212967 PMCID: PMC9536902 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9601020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To further determine how BHE affected the growth of HCC cells, the proportion of each cell cycle phase was explored in HCC cells by flow cytometry. Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a species of bush that grows in eastern Russia. Blue honeysuckle extract (BHE) is rich in bioactive phytochemicals which can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. The mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of BHE in primary liver cancer is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth inhibition mechanism of bioactive substances from blue honeysuckle on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to explore its protein and gene targets. The compounds in BHE were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used to evaluate the effects of BHE on HCC cell proliferation, and flow cytometry assay (FCA) was used to determine how BHE arrested the proportion of each cell cycle phase in HCC cells. Western blot (WB) was performed to determine the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in HCC cells treated with different concentrations of BHE. The xenograft tumor animal models were established by HCC cell implantation. The results showed that cyanidin-3-o-glucoside and cyanidin-3-o-sophoroside which are the main biologically active components were detected in BHE. BHE is highly effective in inhibiting the proliferation of HCC cells by arresting the HCC cell cycle in the G2/M phase. BHE also downregulated the expression of conventional or classical dendritic cells-2 (cDC2) and cyclin B1 by promoting the expression of myelin transcription factor 1 (MyT1) in HCC cells. The weight and volume of xenografts were significantly decreased in the BHE treated groups when compared to the control group. BHE increased the expression of MyT1 in xenograft tissues. These findings showed that blue honeysuckle extract inhibits proliferation in vivo and in vitro by downregulating the expression of cDC2 and cyclin B1 and upregulating the expression of MyT1 in HCC cells.
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BASDOGAN H, AKMAN PK, YILDIRIM RM, SAGDIC O, GECGEL U, TEKIN-CAKMAK ZH, KARASU S. The effect of press temperature on the total tocopherols, sterol, fatty acid, phenolic profile, in-vitro cytotoxicity assay, and anti-inflammatory activity. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.20621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Awwad A, Poucheret P, Idres YA, Tshibangu DST, Servent A, Ferrare K, Lazennec F, Bidel LPR, Cazals G, Tousch D. In Vitro Tests for a Rapid Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Plant Species Containing Caffeic Acid Derivatives: A Validation by Two Well-Known Antidiabetic Plants, Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaf and Musanga cecropioides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) Stem Bark. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185566. [PMID: 34577036 PMCID: PMC8465390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactive extracts represent a major resource for identifying drugs and adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes. To promote early screening of plants’ antidiabetic potential, we designed a four in vitro tests strategy to anticipate in vivo bioactivity. Two antidiabetic plants were studied: Ocimum gratissimum L. (Oc) leaf extract and Musanga cecropoides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) stem bark extract. Chemical compositions were analyzed by LCMS and HPLC. Antidiabetic properties were measured based on (1) INS-1 cells for insulin secretion, (2) L6 myoblast cells for insulin sensitization (Glut-4 translocation), (3) L6 myoblast cells for protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidative stress (cell mortality), and (4) liver microsomial fraction for glucose-6-phosphastase activity (G6P). Oc extract increased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, whereas it decreased oxidative stress-induced cell mortality and G6P activity. Mu extract decreased insulin secretion and had no effect on insulin sensitivity or G6P activity, but it increased oxidative stress-induced cell mortality. Results were compared with NCRAE, an antidiabetic plant extract used as reference, previously characterized and reported with increased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, protection against oxidative stress, and decreased G6P activity. The proposed set of four in vitro tests combined with chemical analysis provided insight into the interest in rapid early screening of plant extract antidiabetic potential to anticipate pharmaco-toxicological in vivo effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmomem Awwad
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-11-75-95-07
| | - Yanis A. Idres
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Damien S. T. Tshibangu
- Laboratory of Natural Substances and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 190 Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Adrien Servent
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Karine Ferrare
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Françoise Lazennec
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
| | - Luc P. R. Bidel
- INRA, UMR AGAP, CIRAD, SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France;
| | - Guillaume Cazals
- Guillaume Cazals, University Montpellier, IBMM UMR5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Didier Tousch
- Qualisud, University Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Avignon Université, University de La Réunion, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (Y.A.I.); (A.S.); (K.F.); (F.L.); (D.T.)
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Bakhshi O, Bagherzade G, Ghamari kargar P. Biosynthesis of Organic Nanocomposite Using Pistacia vera L. Hull: An Efficient Antimicrobial Agent. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:4105853. [PMID: 34335708 PMCID: PMC8286193 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here presented a quick and easy synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Pistachio hull extract has been used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the preparation of CuNPs. This biosynthesis is a kind of supporter of the environment because chemical agents were not used to making nanoparticles, and on the other hand, it prevents the release of pistachio waste in nature and its adverse effects on nature. The biosynthesized CuNPs and CuNPs/silver Schiff base nanocomposite (CSS NC) were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). CuNP and CSS NC antimicrobial activity was examined by both well diffusion and determination MIC methods against four bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two fungi Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. CuNPs and CSS NC showed significant antimicrobial activity on the samples, preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi at very low concentrations. CuNPs and CSS NC had the greatest effect on Escherichia coli bacteria and Aspergillus niger fungi. Phenolic compounds are one of the most important antioxidants that are involved in various fields, including pharmacy. Pistacia vera hull is a rich source of phenolic compounds. In this study, the most phenolic compound in Pistacia vera hull is gallic acid and rutin, which has been identified by HPLC analysis. In this study, Pistacia vera hull essential oil analysis was performed by the GC-MS method, in which α-pinene, D-limonene, and isobornyl acetate compounds constitute the highest percentage of Pistacia vera hull essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolbanin Bakhshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
| | - Ghodsieh Bagherzade
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
| | - Pouya Ghamari kargar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
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Gao Y, Tian R, Liu H, Xue H, Zhang R, Han S, Ji L, Huang W, Zhan J, You Y. Research progress on intervention effect and mechanism of protocatechuic acid on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:9053-9075. [PMID: 34142875 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1939265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a surge burden worldwide due to its high prevalence, with complicated deterioration symptoms such as liver fibrosis and cancer. No effective drugs are available for NALFD so far. The rapid growth of clinical demand has prompted the treatment of NAFLD to become a research hotspot. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural secondary metabolite commonly found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbal medicine. It is also the major internal metabolites of anthocyanins and other polyphenols. In the present manuscript, food sources, metabolic absorption, and efficacy of PCA were summarized while analyzing its role in improving NAFLD, as well as the mechanism involved. The results indicated that PCA could ameliorate NAFLD by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, gut microbiota and metabolites. It was proposed for the first time that PCA might reduce NAFLD by enhancing the energy consumption of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the PCA administration mode and dose for NAFLD remain inconclusive. Fresh insights into the specific molecular mechanisms are required, while clinical trials are essential in the future. This review provides new targets and reasoning for the clinical application of PCA in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Tian
- Department of Biomedicine, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Suping Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Han X, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang L, Yu S. Antitumor potential of Hedyotis diffusa Willd: A systematic review of bioactive constituents and underlying molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110735. [PMID: 34321173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy can extend the life of cancer patients to some extent, but the quality of life is reduced. Therefore, the quest for more efficient and less toxic medication strategies is still at the forefront of current research. Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW), a Chinese herb medicine, has received great attention in the past two decades and has been well documented in clinics for antitumor activity in a variety of human cancers. This review discussed a total of 58 different kinds of active antitumor components isolated from HDW, including iridoids, flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, anthraquinones, phenolic acids, and their derivatives, sterols, and volatile oils. Their antitumor activities include inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis, regulation of the host immune response, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and protective autophagy. Besides, we provide up-to-date and systematic evidence for HDW antitumor activities and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms and reference for further development of novel drugs and dosage formulation in control of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
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Hu R, He Z, Liu M, Tan J, Zhang H, Hou DX, He J, Wu S. Dietary protocatechuic acid ameliorates inflammation and up-regulates intestinal tight junction proteins by modulating gut microbiota in LPS-challenged piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32944233 PMCID: PMC7487840 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal disease in piglets. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an active plant phenolic acid which exists in Chinese herb, Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), and is also considered as the main bioactive metabolite of polyphenol against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCA on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Thirty-six piglets (Pig Improvement Company line 337 × C48, 28 d of age, 8.87 kg ± 0.11 kg BW) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments and fed with a basal diet (CTL), a diet added 50 mg/kg of aureomycin (AUR), or a diet supplemented with 4000 mg/kg of PCA, respectively. The piglets were challenged with LPS (10 μg/kg BW) on d 14 and d 21 by intraperitoneal injection during the 21-d experiment. Animals (n = 6 from each group) were sacrificed after being anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital at 2 h after the last injection of LPS. The serum was collected for antioxidant indices and inflammatory cytokines analysis, the ileum was harvested for detecting mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins by PCR and immunohistochemical staining, and the cecum chyme was collected for intestinal flora analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Dietary supplementation of PCA or AUR significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and claudin-1 in intestinal mucosa, and decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-6, as compared with CTL group. In addition, PCA also decreased the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that PCA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis at the genus level revealed that PCA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 9, Prevotella 2, Holdemanella, and Ruminococcus torques group (P < 0.05), and increased the relative abundance of Roseburia and Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05), whereas AUR had no significant effect on these bacteria. Conclusions These results demonstrated that both PCA and AUR had protective effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal barrier function in piglets challenged with LPS, and PCA potentially exerted the protective function by modulating intestinal flora in a way different from AUR. Holdemanella ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Hu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Ziyu He
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Ming Liu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China.,Beijing China-Agri HongKe Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Jijun Tan
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193 China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Jianhua He
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Shusong Wu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
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Song J, He Y, Luo C, Feng B, Ran F, Xu H, Ci Z, Xu R, Han L, Zhang D. New progress in the pharmacology of protocatechuic acid: A compound ingested in daily foods and herbs frequently and heavily. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105109. [PMID: 32738494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid is a natural phenolic acid, which widely exists in our daily diet and herbs. It is also one of the main metabolites of complex polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanins. In recent years, a large number of studies on the pharmacological activities of protocatechuic acid have emerged. Protocatechuic acid has a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiosteoporotic, analgesia, antiaging activties; protection from metabolic syndrome; and preservation of liver, kidneys, and reproductive functions. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the absorption and elimination rate of protocatechuic acid are faster, with glucuronidation and sulfation being the major metabolic pathways. However, protocatechuic acid displays a dual-directional regulatory effect on some pharmacological activities. When the concentration is very high, it can inhibit cell proliferation and reduce survival rate. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of protocatechuic acid with emphasis on its pharmacological activities discovered in recent 5 years, so as to provide more up-to-date and thorough information for the preclinical and clinical research of protocatechuic acid in the future. Moreover, it is hoped that the clinical application of protocatechuic acid can be broadened, giving full play to its characteristics of rich sources, low toxicity and wide pharmacological activites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Song
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yanan He
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Bi Feng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Chengdu Yongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Runchun Xu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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13
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Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Hornef MW, Macpherson AJ. Microbial-host molecular exchange and its functional consequences in early mammalian life. Science 2020; 368:604-607. [PMID: 32381716 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecules from symbiotic microorganisms pervasively infiltrate almost every organ system of a mammalian host, marking the initiation of microbial-host mutualism in utero, long before the newborn acquires its own microbiota. Starting from in utero development, when maternal microbial molecules can penetrate the placental barrier, we follow the different phases of adaptation through the life events of birth, lactation, and weaning, as the young mammal adapts to the microbes that colonize its body surfaces. The vulnerability of early-life mammals is mitigated by maternal detoxification and excretion mechanisms, the protective effects of maternal milk, and modulation of neonatal receptor systems. Host adaptations to microbial exposure during specific developmental windows are critical to ensure organ function for development, growth, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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Liu J, Du C, Beaman HT, Monroe MBB. Characterization of Phenolic Acid Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Structure-Property Relationships. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E419. [PMID: 32370227 PMCID: PMC7285200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Keywords: phenolic acids; antimicrobial; antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary Beth B. Monroe
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1200, USA; (J.L.); (C.D.); (H.T.B.)
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15
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Genethliou C, Kornaros M, Dailianis S. Biodegradation of olive mill wastewater phenolic compounds in a thermophilic anaerobic upflow packed bed reactor and assessment of their toxicity in digester effluents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109882. [PMID: 31783209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extent of phenolic compounds' biodegradation was assessed utilizing un-treated olive mill wastewater (OMWW) fed to a high-rate thermophilic (55 οC) anaerobic upflow packed bed reactor (UPBR) and digester effluents (DEs) collected in different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) under steady-state operating conditions. In parallel, the toxicity of each sample was evaluated by performing the microbiotest Thamnotoxkit F™. The outcomes indicate complete biodegradation of 6 phenolic compounds-vanillic acid (VA), caffeic acid (CA), syringic acid (SA), o-coumaric acid (o-CA), oleuropein (OLEU), 4-ethylphenol (4-EP)-and notable removals of hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (TYR), reaching up to 94.87 ± 0.04% and 93.92 ± 0.33%, respectively. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DBA) were recognized as the most recalcitrant and persistent compounds in the anaerobic effluents, being capable of modulating the toxic potential of DEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Genethliou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR 26504, Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - M Kornaros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR 26504, Rion, Patras, Greece.
| | - S Dailianis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR 26500, Rion, Patras, Greece
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16
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Barroso MES, Oliveira BG, Pimentel EF, Pereira PM, Ruas FG, Andrade TU, Lenz D, Scherer R, Fronza M, Ventura JA, Vaz BG, Kondratyuk TP, Romão W, Endringer DC. Phytochemical profile of genotypes of Euterpe edulis Martius - Juçara palm fruits. Food Res Int 2018; 116:985-993. [PMID: 30717031 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis) has received attention due to its similarities to Euterpe oleracea (Açaí). The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacities and chemopreventive activities of the fruit pulps of six populations of E. edulis (J1-J6) and one population of E. espiritosantense from different ecological regions. ESI(-)-FT-ICR-MS was used to evaluate the pulp composition. The varieties J1 and J4 presented higher polyphenol contents, while J2 and J5 showed higher anthocyanin contents. ESI-FT-ICR MS identified cyanidin-3-rutinoside (J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J7), protocatechuic acid, methylhydroxybenzoate hexoside and rutin (J1 to J7) and malvidin-glicoside (J2 to J5). The J2, J3, J4, J5 and J6 samples inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The chemoprevention biomarker quinone reductase was significantly induced by J6. Pulp from plants J3, J4, J6 and J7 significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and J6 was selected as having the most potential for cultivation and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E S Barroso
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bruno G Oliveira
- Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Elisângela F Pimentel
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, R. Afonso Sarlo, 160 - Bento Ferreira, Vitoria, ES 29052-010, Brazil
| | - Fabiana G Ruas
- Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, R. Afonso Sarlo, 160 - Bento Ferreira, Vitoria, ES 29052-010, Brazil
| | - Tadeu U Andrade
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dominik Lenz
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Fronza
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - José A Ventura
- Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, R. Afonso Sarlo, 160 - Bento Ferreira, Vitoria, ES 29052-010, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Chemistry Institute, Avenida Esperança, s/n Campus Universitário, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Tamara P Kondratyuk
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, HI, USA
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; Federal Instituto of Espírito Santo, Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, Soteco, Vila Velha, ES 29106-010, Brazil
| | - Denise C Endringer
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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17
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Pace E, Jiang Y, Clemens A, Crossman T, Rupasinghe HPV. Impact of Thermal Degradation of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside of Haskap Berry on Cytotoxicity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 and Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E24. [PMID: 29382057 PMCID: PMC5836014 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), the predominant anthocyanin in haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.), possesses antioxidant and many other biological activities. This study investigated the impact of temperature and pH on the degradation of the C3G-rich haskap fraction. The effect of the thermal degradation products on the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells was also studied in vitro. Using column chromatography, the C3G-rich fraction was isolated from acetone extracts of haskap berries. The C3G stability in these fractions was studied under elevated temperatures (70 °C and 90 °C) at three different pH values (2.5, 4, and 7) by monitoring the concentration of C3G and its major degradation products, protocatechuic acid (PCA) and phloroglucinaldehyde (PGA), using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Significant degradation of C3G was observed at elevated temperatures and at neutral pH. Conversely, the PCA and PGA concentration increased at higher pH and temperature. Similar to C3G, neutral pH also has a prominent effect on the degradation of PGA, which is further accelerated by heating. The C3G-rich fraction exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects on cell metabolic activity when the HepG2 cells were exposed for 48 h. Interestingly, PGA but not PCA exhibited cytotoxic effects against both MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cells. The results suggest that thermal food processing of haskap could influence its biological properties due to the degradation of C3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pace
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Amy Clemens
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Tennille Crossman
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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18
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Ajiboye TO, Habibu RS, Saidu K, Haliru FZ, Ajiboye HO, Aliyu NO, Ibitoye OB, Uwazie JN, Muritala HF, Bello SA, Yusuf II, Mohammed AO. Involvement of oxidative stress in protocatechuic acid-mediated bacterial lethality. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6:e00472. [PMID: 28349673 PMCID: PMC5552917 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of oxidative stress in protocatechuic acid-mediated bacterial lethality was investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of protocatechuic acid against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus are 600 and 700 μg/ml, 600 and 800 μg/ml, and 600 and 800 μg/ml, respectively. The optical densities and colony-forming units of protocatechuic acid-treated bacteria decreased in time-dependent manner. Protocatechuic acid (4× MIC) significantly increased the superoxide anion content of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus compared to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and NAD+ /NADH in protocatechuic acid-treated E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus increased significantly when compared to DMSO. Conversely, level of reduced glutathione decreased in protocatechuic acid-treated E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, while glutathione disulfide increased when compared to DMSO. Furthermore, malondialdehyde and fragmented DNA increased significantly following exposure to protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid inhibited the activity of complexes I and II. From the above findings, protocatechuic acid enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical) in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, possibly by autoxidation, fenton chemistry, and inhibiting electron transport chain resulting in lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation and consequentially bacterial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek O. Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesAl‐Hikmah UniversityIlorinNigeria
| | - Ramat S. Habibu
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesAl‐Hikmah UniversityIlorinNigeria
| | - Kabiru Saidu
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesAl‐Hikmah UniversityIlorinNigeria
| | - Fatimah Z. Haliru
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesAl‐Hikmah UniversityIlorinNigeria
| | | | | | - Oluwayemisi B. Ibitoye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesAl‐Hikmah UniversityIlorinNigeria
| | | | | | - Sharafa A. Bello
- Microbiology UnitDepartment of Biological SciencesAl‐Hikmah UniversityIlorinNigeria
| | - Idris I. Yusuf
- Microbiology UnitDepartment of Biological SciencesAl‐Hikmah UniversityIlorinNigeria
| | - Aisha O. Mohammed
- Microbiology UnitDepartment of Biological SciencesAl‐Hikmah UniversityIlorinNigeria
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19
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Strzemski M, Wojnicki K, Sowa I, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Krawczyk P, Kocjan R, Such J, Latalski M, Wnorowski A, Wójciak-Kosior M. In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity of Extracts of Carlina acaulis subsp. caulescens and Carlina acanthifolia subsp. utzka. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:371. [PMID: 28659804 PMCID: PMC5469354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various species of the Carlina genus have been used in traditional medicine in many countries to treat numerous skin disorders, including cancer. The objective of this work was to assess the anticancer properties of root and leaf extracts from Carlina acaulis subsp. caulescens and C. acanthifolia subsp. utzka. Anti-tumor properties of the extracts were explored using a tetrazolium-based cell viability assay and flow cytometric apoptosis analysis, followed by immunodetection of phosphoactive ERK1/2 in UACC-903, C32, and UACC-647 human melanoma cell lines. Normal human fibroblasts were used as a control. Leaf extracts inhibited the viability of all tested melanoma cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion while the fibroblasts were less sensitive to such extract. The root extracts inhibited the proliferation of UACC-903 and UACC-647 cells only at the highest doses (300 μg/mL). However, the C32 and fibroblast cells exhibited an increase in the cellular proliferation rate and no caspase activity was observed in response to the root extracts (100 μg/mL). An increase in caspase activity was observed in melanoma cells treated with the leaf extracts of both Carlina species. Leaf extracts from C. acaulis subsp. caulescens (100 μg/mL) inhibited proliferatory ERK1/2 in UACC-903 and C32 cells, as demonstrated by the decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. No reduction in phospho-ERK1/2 was observed in the tested cell lines treated with the root extracts, apart from UACC-647 after incubation with the C. acanthifolia subsp. utzka root extract (100 μg/mL). There was no change in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the fibroblasts. The extracts from the leaves and roots were analyzed by HPLC and the analysis showed the presence of triterpenes and phenolic acids as the main extract components. The research demonstrated that the extracts from the leaves of the plants were cytotoxic against the human melanoma line and induced apoptosis of the cells. The triterpene fraction present in the tested extracts may be responsible for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of SciencesWarszawa, Poland.,Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Kocjan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Such
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Michał Latalski
- Children's Orthopedics Department, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of LublinLublin, Poland
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Highly Efficient and Stable Novel NanoBiohybrid Catalyst to Avert 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Pollutant in Water. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33572. [PMID: 27721429 PMCID: PMC5056344 DOI: 10.1038/srep33572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reported for the first time covalent immobilization of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-POD) onto functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNT) for degrading the toxic 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) pollutant in water. The F-MWCNTs had a maximum 3,4-POD loading of 1060 μg/mg. Immobilized 3,4 POD had 44% of relative structural changes to its free configurations. Nevertheless, >90% of relative activity and about 50% of catalytic efficiency were retained to the free enzyme. Immobilized 3,4-POD demonstrated higher alkaline stability and thermostability than the free 3,4-POD. The free and immobilized 3,4-POD lost 82% and 66% of relative activities, respectively after 180 min of incubations at 90 °C. Excellent shelf-life was observed for the immobilized 3,4-POD with residual activity of 56% compared with 41% and 39% of the free 3,4-POD at 4 °C and 25 °C over 30 days storage. Immobilized 3,4-POD showed >60% of catalytic activity retention even after ten-cycle uses, defraying the expenses of free 3,4-POD productions for long term uses. Finally, the immobilized 3,4-POD removed 71% of 3,4-DHBA from water in <4 h, paving its future application for water purification with reduced costs and time.
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21
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CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC FRACTIONS FROM Ulomoides dermestoides FAIRMAIRE, 1893 (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE), IN HACAT CELLS. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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KUWAHARA T, HOMMA T, SUMITA D, KONDO M, SHIMOMURA M. Amperometric Sensing of Protocatechuic Acid with Polyaniline/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Composite Film Bearing Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2016. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2015-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi KUWAHARA
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Toshimasa HOMMA
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Daiki SUMITA
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Mizuki KONDO
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
| | - Masato SHIMOMURA
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
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Cock IE. The Genus Aloe: Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Uses Including Treatments for Gastrointestinal Conditions and Chronic Inflammation. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH 2015; 70:179-235. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0927-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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24
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Cha JW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Hyun CL, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Lee NH, Ko MH, Hyun JW. Protective Effect of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Isolated from Cladophora wrightiana Harvey Against Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Cell Damage in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:2582-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Konan KM, Mamyrbekova-Bekro JA, Bakalara N, Virieux D, Pirat JL, Bekro YA. HPLC Analysis and Cytotoxicity of n-Butanol Extract from Glyphaea brevis Roots Against C6 Glioma Cells. Sci Pharm 2013; 82:171-6. [PMID: 24634849 PMCID: PMC3951227 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1307-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-butanol extract of the roots of Glyphaea brevis was analysed. HPLC analysis suggested the presence of phenolic compounds like protocatechuic acid (PCA). The extract showed moderate cytotoxic activity against C6 glioma cells (EC50 > 1 mg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Marcel Konan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et de Substances Naturelles (LCBOSN), UFR-SFA, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Janat Akhanovna Mamyrbekova-Bekro
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et de Substances Naturelles (LCBOSN), UFR-SFA, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Norbert Bakalara
- UMR 5253, ICG Montpellier, Equipe AM2N, ENSCM, 8, rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier cedex 5, France. ; INSERM U-1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - David Virieux
- INSERM U-1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pirat
- INSERM U-1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, 80 rue Augustin Fliche 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Yves-Alain Bekro
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et de Substances Naturelles (LCBOSN), UFR-SFA, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
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26
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Investigation of the electrochemical behavior of some dihydroxybenzoic acids in aqueous solution. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Veverka M, Dubaj T, Gallovič J, Švajdlenka E, Meľuchová B, Jorík V, Šimon P. Edaravone cocrystals: synthesis, screening, and preliminary characterization. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-013-1029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Saikia JP, Konwarh R, Konwar BK, Karak N. Isolation and immobilization of Aroid polyphenol on magnetic nanoparticles: Enhancement of potency on surface immobilization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 102:450-6. [PMID: 23010129 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Beuck S, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers and other small-molecule erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in current and preventive doping analysis. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:830-45. [PMID: 22362605 DOI: 10.1002/dta.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the blood's capacity for oxygen transport by erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) constitutes a prohibited procedure of performance enhancement according to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The advent of orally bio-available small-molecule ESAs such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers in the development of novel anti-anaemia therapies expands the list of potential ESA doping techniques. Here, the erythropoiesis-stimulating properties and doping relevance of experimental HIF-stabilizers, such as cobaltous chloride, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid or GSK360A, amongst others, are discussed. The stage of clinical trials is reviewed for the anti-anaemia drug candidates FG-2216, FG-4592, GSK1278863, AKB-6548, and BAY85-3934. Currently available methods and strategies for the determination of selected HIF stabilizers in sports drug testing are based on liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). For the support of further analytical assay development, patents claiming distinct compounds for the use in HIF-mediated therapies are evaluated and exemplary molecular structures of HIF stabilizers presented. Moreover, data concerning the erythropoiesis-enhancing effects of the GATA inhibitors K7174 and K11706 as well as the lipidic small-molecule ESA PBI-1402 are elucidated the context of doping analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Beuck
- German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid in mouse and its quantification in human plasma using LC-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 908:39-44. [PMID: 23122399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major microbial-mediated metabolite of anthocyanins, has significant anti-oxidative and anti-carcinogenic activities in vitro and in vivo; however, its pharmacokinetics remains largely unknown. In this report, a sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the measurement of PCA concentrations in both mouse and human plasma. This method showed a linearity of 1-1000ng/mL in both mouse and human plasma with a lower limit of quantification of 1ng/mL. The within-day and between-day coefficient of variation ranged from 1.18 to 11.8% and accuracy from 92 to 110%. The method was applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics of PCA in mice after oral administration of 50mg/kg PCA. PCA was absorbed rapidly with a half-life of 2.9min, reached a peak plasma level (C(max)) of 73.6μM at 5min, and remained detectable up to 8h with the initial elimination half-life of about 3min and a terminal half-life of 16min. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0→8h)) of PCA was 1456μMmin. The method was capable of detecting low ng/mL quantities of PCA in the plasma of patients with prostate cancer after an oral ingestion of 60g of black raspberry (BRB) powder. Because PCA is derived from the anthocyanins in BRB, our method provides a useful analytical tool to further investigate the metabolism of anthocyanins, and the pharmacology of PCA in future pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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31
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Nielsen AL, Kristensen LH, Stephansen KB, Kristensen JBL, Helgstrand C, Lees M, Cloos P, Helin K, Gajhede M, Olsen L. Identification of catechols as histone-lysine demethylase inhibitors. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1190-4. [PMID: 22575654 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of inhibitors of histone-lysine demethylase (HDM) enzymes is important because of their involvement in the development of cancer. An ELISA-based assay was developed for identification of inhibitors of the HDM KDM4C in a natural products library. Based on one of the hits with affinity in the low μM range (1, a catechol), a subset of structurally related compounds was selected and tested against a panel of HDMs. In this subset, two inhibitors (2 and 10) had comparable affinities towards KDM4C and KDM6A but no effect on PHF8. One inhibitor restored H3K9me3 levels in KDM4C transfected U2-OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders L Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Research strategies in the study of the pro-oxidant nature of polyphenol nutraceuticals. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:467305. [PMID: 21776260 PMCID: PMC3135211 DOI: 10.1155/2011/467305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols of phytochemicals are thought to exhibit chemopreventive effects against cancer. These plant-derived antioxidant polyphenols have a dual nature, also acting as pro-oxidants, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and causing oxidative stress. When studying the overall cytotoxicity of polyphenols, research strategies need to distinguish the cytotoxic component derived from the polyphenol per se from that derived from the generated ROS. Such strategies include (a) identifying hallmarks of oxidative damage, such as depletion of intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxidation, (b) classical manipulations, such as polyphenol exposures in the absence and presence of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase and superoxide dismutase) and of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione and N-acetylcysteine) and cotreatments with glutathione depleters, and (c) more recent manipulations, such as divalent cobalt and pyruvate to scavenge ROS. Attention also must be directed to the influence of iron and copper ions and to the level of polyphenols, which mediate oxidative stress.
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Chou TH, Ding HY, Lin RJ, Liang JY, Liang CH. Inhibition of melanogenesis and oxidation by protocatechuic acid from Origanum vulgare (oregano). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1767-1774. [PMID: 20973550 DOI: 10.1021/np100281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant and antimelanogenesis activities of protocatechuic acid (1) from Origanum vulgare (oregano) were investigated. The antioxidative capacity of 1 was confirmed from its free-radical-scavenging activities, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of reactive oxygen species in H(2)O(2)-induced BNLCL2 cells. The inhibition by 1 of tyrosinase and DOPA oxidase activity and melanin production was possibly related to the down-regulation of melanocortin-1 receptor, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins-2, and tyrosinase-related proteins-1 expression in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced B16 cells. After a gel containing 1 was applied to mice, the values of L* slightly increased, and a* and erythema-melanin levels of skin were reduced by comparing the values of untreated control groups, indicating 1 can reduce melanin production. These results suggest that 1 may act as an effective quencher of oxidative attackers with antimelanogenesis properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Han Chou
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan, Republic of China
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35
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Rowe J, Greenblatt RJ, Liu D, Moffat JF. Compounds that target host cell proteins prevent varicella-zoster virus replication in culture, ex vivo, and in SCID-Hu mice. Antiviral Res 2010; 86:276-85. [PMID: 20307580 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) replicates in quiescent T cells, neurons, and skin cells. In cultured fibroblasts (HFFs), VZV induces host cyclin expression and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity without causing cell cycle progression. CDK1/cyclin B1 phosphorylates the major viral transactivator, and the CDK inhibitor roscovitine prevents VZV mRNA transcription. We investigated the antiviral effects of additional compounds that target CDKs or other cell cycle enzymes in culture, ex vivo, and in vivo. Cytotoxicity and cell growth arrest doses were determined by Neutral Red assay. Antiviral effects were evaluated in HFFs by plaque assay, genome copy number, and bioluminescence. Positive controls were acyclovir (400 microM) and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA, 1 mM). Test compounds were roscovitine, aloisine A, and purvalanol A (CDK inhibitors), aphidicolin (inhibits human and herpesvirus DNA polymerase), l-mimosine (indirectly inhibits human DNA polymerase), and DRB (inhibits casein kinase 2). All had antiviral effects below the concentrations required for cell growth arrest. Compounds were tested in skin organ culture at EC(99) doses; all prevented VZV replication in skin, except for aloisine A and purvalanol A. In SCID mice with skin xenografts, roscovitine (0.7 mg/kg/day) was as effective as PAA (36 mg/kg/day). The screening systems described here are useful models for evaluating novel antiviral drugs for VZV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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36
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Monteiro B, Cunha-Silva L, Gago S, Klinowski J, Almeida Paz FA, Rocha J, Gonçalves IS, Pillinger M. Crystal and supramolecular structures of dioxomolybdenum(VI) and dioxotungsten(VI) complexes of dihydroxybenzoic acids. Polyhedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Jakesevic M, Håkansson Å, Adawi D, Jeppsson B, Rumpunen K, Ekholm A, Ahrné S, Molin G. Antioxidative protection of dietary rosehips and polyphenol active lactobacilli in mice subjected to intestinal oxidative stress by ischemia-reperfusion. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910600903429045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jakesevic
- Food Hygiene, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund
| | - Åsa Håkansson
- Food Hygiene, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund
| | - Diya Adawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, MalmÖ University Hospital, Lund University, MalmÖ
| | - Bengt Jeppsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, MalmÖ University Hospital, Lund University, MalmÖ
| | - Kimmo Rumpunen
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BalsgÄrd, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Anders Ekholm
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BalsgÄrd, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Siv Ahrné
- Food Hygiene, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund
| | - Göran Molin
- Food Hygiene, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund
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38
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Sun W, Jiang Q, Xi M, Jiao K. Determination of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid by electrocatalytic oxidation at an ionic liquid modified electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Hiemori M, Koh E, Mitchell AE. Influence of cooking on anthocyanins in black rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica var. SBR). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:1908-1914. [PMID: 19256557 DOI: 10.1021/jf803153z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The composition and thermal stability of anthocyanins in black rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica var. SBR) produced in California were investigated. Six anthocyanin pigments were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography using photo diode-array detection (HPLC-PDA) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry [LC-(ESI)MS/MS]. The predominant anthocyanins are cyanidin-3-glucoside (572.47 microg/g; 91.13% of total) and peonidin-3-glucoside (29.78 microg/g; 4.74% of total). Minor constituents included three cyanidin-dihexoside isomers and one cyanidin hexoside. Thermal stability of anthocyanins was assessed in rice cooked using a rice cooker, pressure cooker, or on a gas range. All cooking methods caused significant (P < 0.001) decreases in the anthocyanins identified. Pressure cooking resulted in the greatest loss of cyanidin-3-glucoside (79.8%) followed by the rice cooker (74.2%) and gas range (65.4%). Conversely, levels of protocatechuic acid increased 2.7 to 3.4 times in response to all cooking methods. These findings indicate that cooking black rice results in the thermal degradation of cyanidin-3-glucoside and concomitant production of protocatechuic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Hiemori
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8598, USA
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40
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Olvera-García V, Castaño-Tostado E, Rezendiz-Lopez RI, Reynoso-Camacho R, González de Mejía E, Elizondo G, Loarca-Piña G. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Inhibit the Mutagenicity in Microsuspension Assay and the Proliferation of HeLa Cells. J Food Sci 2008; 73:T75-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Nakajima Y, Sato Y, Konishi T. Antioxidant small phenolic ingredients in Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat (Chaga). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:1222-6. [PMID: 17666849 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat (Chaga, in Russia, kabanoanatake in Japan) is a fungus having been used as a folk medicine in Russia and said to have many health beneficial functions such as immune modulating and anti-cancer activities. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of hot water extract (decoction) of Chaga was precisely compared with those of other medicinal fungi (Agaricus blazei Mycelia, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus) showing Chaga had the strongest antioxidant activity among fungi examined in terms of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities. Further determination of the antioxidant potential of isolated fruiting body (brown part) and Sclerotium (black part) revealed the 80% MeOH extract of fruiting body had the highest potential as high as that of Chaga decoction. Finally, seven antioxidant components were isolated and purified from the 80% MeOH extract of Chaga fruiting body, and their chemical structures were determined as small phenolics as follows: 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl ethyl ester (BAEE), protocatechic acid (PCA), caffeic acid (CA), 3,4-dihybenzaladehyde (DB), 2,5-dihydroxyterephtalic acid (DTA), syringic acid (SA) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL). Notably, BAEE was assigned as the new compound firstly identified from the natural source in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakajima
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Science, Niigata, Japan
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42
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Tichý M, Rucki M, Hanzlíková I, Roth Z. The Tubifex tubifex assay for the determination of acute toxicity. Altern Lab Anim 2007; 35:229-37. [PMID: 17559312 DOI: 10.1177/026119290703500210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An express (3-minute) test for acute toxicity determination by using the oligochaete annelid, Tubifex tubifex, is described. The EC50(Tubifex tubifex) [EC50(Tt)] for movement inhibition was calculated by using a concentration-response dependence. The reproducibility of the test was checked over several years and by several workers. Its applicability is limited to compounds which are soluble in water. The calculated EC50(Tt) indices correlate with LC50 values determined by using the fish, Pimephales promelas (96-hour assay), and with ICG50 values determined by using the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis (48-hour assay) with high statistical significance (r = 0.822, n = 35, and r = 0.927, n = 80, respectively). The correlation between the EC50(Tt) indices and rat oral LD50 values (48-hour assay) was r = 0.519 (n = 67). The correlation within organic compounds was closer (r = 0.635, n = 60) than with the heterogeneous series of chemicals. A similar trend was noticed for the correlation with mouse oral LD50 values (r = 0.479, n = 56) with the heterogeneous series of chemicals, as compared that with the series without inorganic salts (r = 0.605, n = 42), and similarly with mouse intraperitoneal LD50 values, where r = 0.543 (n = 50) with the heterogeneous series of chemicals and r = 0.893 (n = 33) with the series of organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Tichý
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
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43
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Lin HH, Chen JH, Huang CC, Wang CJ. Apoptotic effect of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid on human gastric carcinoma cells involving JNK/p38 MAPK signaling activation. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:2306-16. [PMID: 17304508 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid, PCA) is discussed to represent antioxidative food components in a human diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and has been shown to prevent carcinogenesis or antitumor growth in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in chemopreventive activity of PCA are poorly understood. In this study, investigations were conducted to examine the detailed signaling pathway involved in PCA-induced apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. The data from cell viability assay showed that PCA exhibited the antiproliferation effect on AGS cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The occurrence of apoptosis induced by PCA was confirmed by morphological and biochemical features, including apoptotic bodies formation and an increase in the distribution of hypodiploid phase. Molecular data showed the effect of PCA in AGS cells might be mediated via sustained phosphorylation and activation of JNK and p38 mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPK), but not ERK. Treatment with pharmacological inhibitors or transfection with the mutant p38 or/and JNK expression vector reduced PCA-mediated apoptosis and the JNK/p38 MAPK-related proteins phosphorylation and expression, including ATF-2, c-Jun, FasL, Fas, p53 and Bax. Preincubation with Nok-1 monoclonal antibody, which is inhibitory to Fas signaling, interfered with PCA-induced cleavage of procaspase and sensitization to anti-APO-induced apoptosis. These results suggest the possible involvement of multiple signaling pathways from the MAPK to the subsequent mitochondria- and/or Fas-mediated caspase activation are potential requirements for PCA-induced AGS apoptosis. Further, PCA effectively induced JNK/p38 activation in PCA-response cell lines. Taken together, our data present the first evidence of PCA as an apoptosis inducer in AGS cells, even in tumor cells of digestive organs, and provide a new mechanism for its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zapata HJ, Nakatsugawa M, Moffat JF. Varicella-zoster virus infection of human fibroblast cells activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. J Virol 2006; 81:977-90. [PMID: 17079291 PMCID: PMC1797429 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01470-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors ATF-2 and c-Jun are important for transactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genes. c-Jun is activated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway that responds to stress and cytokines. To study the effects of VZV on this pathway, confluent human foreskin fibroblasts were infected with cell-associated VZV for 1 to 4 days. Immunoblots showed that phosphorylated JNK and c-Jun levels increased in VZV-infected cells, and kinase assays determined that phospho-JNK was active. Phospho-JNK was detected after 24 h, and levels rose steadily over 4 days in parallel with accumulation of VZV antigen. The two main activators of JNK are MKK4 and MKK7, and levels of their active, phosphorylated forms also increased. The competitive inhibitor of JNK, SP600125, caused a dose-dependent reduction in VZV yield (50% effective concentration, congruent with 8 microM). Specificity was verified by immunoblotting; phospho-c-Jun was eliminated by 18 microM SP600125 in VZV-infected cells. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy showed that phospho-c-Jun and most of phospho-JNK were in the nuclei of VZV-infected cells; some phospho-JNK was in the cytoplasm. MKK4, MKK7, JNK, and phospho-JNK were detected by immunoblotting in purified preparations of VZV virions, but c-Jun was absent. JNK was located in the virion tegument, as determined by biochemical fractionation and immunogold transmission electron microscopy. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of the JNK pathway for VZV replication and advance the idea that JNK is a useful drug target against VZV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Zapata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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45
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Rivas FJ, Frades J, Alonso MA, Montoya C, Monteagudo JM. Fenton's oxidation of food processing wastewater components. Kinetic modeling of protocatechuic acid degradation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:10097-104. [PMID: 16366701 DOI: 10.1021/jf0512712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of protocatechuic acid (PA), a typical phenol-type compound present in food processing wastewater, has been carried out by means of Fenton's reagent. Both the H2O2 and Fe(II) initial concentrations increase the PA degradation rate. Temperature also enhances the PA conversion when raised from 283 to 313 K, a further increase to 323 K results in a lower PA removal. Increasing the PA initial concentration leads to a decrease of conversion values but an opposite effect in terms of removal rate. pH values in the range 3-4 resulted in the total inhibition of the oxidation process. Similar PA depletion rates were experienced regardless of the oxidation state of the catalyst (ferrous or ferric iron). Additionally, an attempt based on the classic Fenton's chemistry plus some other stages accounting for the Fe(II) regeneration from Fe(III) and the inefficient H2O2 decomposition was conducted to model the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rivas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Energética, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz. Spain.
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46
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Weisburg JH, Weissman DB, Sedaghat T, Babich H. In vitro Cytotoxicity of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Tea Extracts to Cancerous and Normal Cells from the Human Oral Cavity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 95:191-200. [PMID: 15504155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto_950407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the in vitro responses of malignant and normal cells from the human oral cavity to tea extracts and to its main polyphenolic component, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The antiproliferative effects of tea polyphenolic extracts and EGCG were more pronounced towards immortalized, tumourigenic (CAL27, HSC-2, and HSG(1)) and non-tumourigenic (S-G) cells than towards normal (GN56 and HGF-1) fibroblasts and green tea was more toxic than black tea. As the addition of tea extract or EGCG to cell culture medium led to the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), the research then focused on EGCG as an inducer of oxidative stress, using CAL27, the cancerous cells most sensitive to EGCG, HSG(1), the cancerous cells least sensitive to EGCG, and GN56 cells. The toxicity of EGCG was decreased in the presence of catalase, an enzyme that degrades H(2)O(2), or of deferoxamine, a chelator of Fe(3+). Conversely, pretreatment of the cells with the glutathione depleters, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, potentiated the toxicity of EGCG. A 4-hr exposure to EGCG lessened the intracellular level of reduced glutathione in the CAL27 and HSG(1) cells, but not in the GN56 fibroblasts. Whereas EGCG itself did not induce lipid peroxidation, Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation was potentiated by EGCG. A 72-hr exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of EGCG induced significant cytoplasmic vacuolization in all cell types. The results presented herein are consistent with EGCG acting as a prooxidant, with the cancerous cells more sensitive to oxidative stress than the normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Weisburg
- Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, Department of Biology, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
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Taylor SL, Kinchington PR, Brooks A, Moffat JF. Roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, prevents replication of varicella-zoster virus. J Virol 2004; 78:2853-62. [PMID: 14990704 PMCID: PMC353735 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.6.2853-2862.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and host cells can be addressed by using small molecule inhibitors of cellular enzymes. Roscovitine (Rosco) is a purine derivative that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1), cdk2, cdk5, cdk7, and cdk9, which are key regulators of the cell cycle and transcription. Herpesviruses are known to interact with cell cycle proteins; thus, the antiviral effects of Rosco on VZV growth were evaluated. In a plaque reduction assay, 25 micro M Rosco prevented VZV replication, and the antiviral effect was reversible for at least up to 24 h posttreatment. Rosco also reduced expression of the major transactivator, IE62, over 48 h. Confocal microscopy studies indicated that Rosco caused the immediate-early proteins ORF4 and IE62 to abnormally localize in infected cells and prevented cell-cell spread of VZV over 48 h. Rosco was found to inhibit VZV DNA synthesis as measured by real-time PCR, and this technique was used to estimate the 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 14 micro M. This value was close to the EC(50) estimate of 12 micro M determined from plaque reduction assays. At 25 micro M, Rosco was not cytotoxic over 48 h in a neutral red uptake assay, and proliferation was slowed as the cells accumulated in a G(2)-like state. These results demonstrate the importance of cdk's in VZV replication and suggest that cdk inhibitors could serve as useful VZV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Psotová J, Lasovský J, Vicar J. Metal-chelating properties, electrochemical behavior, scavenging and cytoprotective activities of six natural phenolics. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2003; 147:147-53. [PMID: 15037895 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2003.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chelation, electrochemical, antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of six phenolics - cynarin and caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, protocatechuic and rosmarinic acids were studied on the following models: (i) chelation of transition metals, (ii) quenching of the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), (iii) determination of half-wave potential, (iv) erythrocytes or mitochondrial membranes damaged by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) and (v) a primary culture of rat hepatocytes intoxicated by Cu(II) and Fe(III) or tBH. All phenolics suppressed cell membrane damage induced by transition metals or tBH. The protectivity correlated with their capacity to bind transition metals, to scavenge DPPH radical and with the value of half-wave potentials. In in vitro assays, the most promising was rosmarinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Psotová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Hnevotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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