1
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Lieberman MD. Social and Affective Neuroscience: Ensuring our future. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae035. [PMID: 38809715 PMCID: PMC11215486 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
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2
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Zhang Y. Advances in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience: Ten Highly Cited Articles Published in Brain Sciences in 2022-2023. Brain Sci 2024; 14:460. [PMID: 38790439 PMCID: PMC11118003 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, researchers employ a variety of methods to address theoretical and practical questions that focus on the intricate interplay between social perception, cognition, and emotion across diverse populations and contexts [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Sinha C. Making Sense of Law: Critical Reflection on Neuroscience, Socialization, and Self. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2024; 58:247-270. [PMID: 36976492 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-023-09762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of sociotechnical codes by the legal system acts as a marker of good citizens and development of self where social norms matter. In most cases, despite cultural differences, socialization plays an important role in making sense of law. The question is, 'how does law come to mind and what is the role of brain? This question will be dealt keeping the debate on brain determinism and free will critically at the forefront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sinha
- OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India.
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4
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Sievers B, Thornton MA. Deep social neuroscience: the promise and peril of using artificial neural networks to study the social brain. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae014. [PMID: 38334747 PMCID: PMC10880882 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This review offers an accessible primer to social neuroscientists interested in neural networks. It begins by providing an overview of key concepts in deep learning. It then discusses three ways neural networks can be useful to social neuroscientists: (i) building statistical models to predict behavior from brain activity; (ii) quantifying naturalistic stimuli and social interactions; and (iii) generating cognitive models of social brain function. These applications have the potential to enhance the clinical value of neuroimaging and improve the generalizability of social neuroscience research. We also discuss the significant practical challenges, theoretical limitations and ethical issues faced by deep learning. If the field can successfully navigate these hazards, we believe that artificial neural networks may prove indispensable for the next stage of the field's development: deep social neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau Sievers
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 420 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark A Thornton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6207 Moore Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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5
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Rodriguez R, Hambley C, Wisner K. Taking the Fear Out of Peer Feedback: A Brain-Friendly Peer Feedback Program. J Nurs Adm 2024; 54:40-46. [PMID: 38117151 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Effective peer feedback is critical for the self-regulation of nursing practice and safe, high-quality care, yet peer feedback conversations can be challenging and anxiety provoking. As current literature revealed no consistent approach, taskforce members designed and implemented an innovative and standardized peer feedback program using brain science to support nurses' skills in speaking up. The new program resulted in an increase in nurses' self-reported willingness to provide peer feedback, and improvements in safety culture and nurse-sensitive quality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rodriguez
- Author Affiliations: Clinical Excellence Specialist (Rodriguez) and Magnet® Program Director (Dr Wisner), Magnet Program Department, Salinas Valley Health; and Organizational Psychologist (Dr Hambley), Brain-Based Strategies Consulting, Monterey, California
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6
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Valk SL, Kanske P, Park BY, Hong SJ, Böckler A, Trautwein FM, Bernhardt BC, Singer T. Functional and microstructural plasticity following social and interoceptive mental training. eLife 2023; 12:e85188. [PMID: 37417306 PMCID: PMC10414971 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain supports social cognitive functions, including Theory of Mind, empathy, and compassion, through its intrinsic hierarchical organization. However, it remains unclear how the learning and refinement of social skills shapes brain function and structure. We studied if different types of social mental training induce changes in cortical function and microstructure, investigating 332 healthy adults (197 women, 20-55 years) with repeated multimodal neuroimaging and behavioral testing. Our neuroimaging approach examined longitudinal changes in cortical functional gradients and myelin-sensitive T1 relaxometry, two complementary measures of cortical hierarchical organization. We observed marked changes in intrinsic cortical function and microstructure, which varied as a function of social training content. In particular, cortical function and microstructure changed as a result of attention-mindfulness and socio-cognitive training in regions functionally associated with attention and interoception, including insular and parietal cortices. Conversely, socio-affective and socio-cognitive training resulted in differential microstructural changes in regions classically implicated in interoceptive and emotional processing, including insular and orbitofrontal areas, but did not result in functional reorganization. Notably, longitudinal changes in cortical function and microstructure predicted behavioral change in attention, compassion and perspective-taking. Our work demonstrates functional and microstructural plasticity after the training of social-interoceptive functions, and illustrates the bidirectional relationship between brain organisation and human social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Louise Valk
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- INM-7, FZ JülichJülichGermany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Bo-yong Park
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Department of Data Science, Inha UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceSuwonRepublic of Korea
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind InstituteNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Anne Böckler
- Department of Psychology, Wurzburg UniversityWurzburgGermany
| | - Fynn-Mathis Trautwein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Lab, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck SocietyBerlinGermany
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7
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Ruiz-Rodríguez R, Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado M, Ravina-Ripoll R. Neuroleadership: a new way for happiness management. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 10:139. [PMID: 37034830 PMCID: PMC10071247 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In a post-pandemic era, managers and leaders have a role to enable the changes needed to make workplaces happier and more productive. This paper aims to analyse the role of neuroleadership in the application of happiness management. Two research questions are proposed: what do we know about neuroleadership? and what role can neuroleadership play in happiness management? A mixed methodology is applied. A bibliometric technique is used to identify the main topics studied in neuroleadership. An in-depth analysis and logical reasoning are applied to propose a neuroleadership research roadmap and to present some research pathways for neuroleadership for happiness management. A neuroleadership research roadmap is proposed, considering the approaches, practices/actions, and purposes. It is observed that the consideration of the management of emotions and cognitive processes in the work environment is attracting interest to develop a leadership focused on making better workplaces. A new line of action focused on the management of happiness is emerging. In addition, neuroleadership is presented as a new way of understanding management. Their combined application can mark a before and after in business management, and for that, a proposal of future research lines and questions is developed. This paper presents four future research pathways-perspectives, reasons, adoption and implementation, and results-for studying neuroleadership for happiness management.
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8
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Mundy P. Research on social attention in autism and the challenges of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework. Autism Res 2023; 16:697-712. [PMID: 36932883 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The fuzzy nature of categories of psychopathology, such as autism, leads to significant research challenges. Alternatively, focusing research on the study of a common set of important and well-defined psychological constructs across psychiatric conditions may make the fundamental etiological processes of psychopathology easier to discern and treat (Cuthbert, 2022). The development of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework is designed to guide this new research approach (Insel et al., 2010). However, progress in research may be expected to continually refine and reorganize the understanding of the specifics of these mental processes (Cuthbert & Insel, 2013). Moreover, knowledge gleaned from the study of both normative and atypical development can be mutually informative in the evolution of our understanding of these fundamental processes. A case in point is the study of social attention. This Autism 101 commentary provides an educational summary of research over the last few decades indicates that social attention is major construct in the study of human social-cognitive development, autism and other forms of psychopathology. The commentary also describes how this research can inform the Social Process dimension of the RDoC framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mundy
- School of Education, Department of Psychiatry and the MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
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9
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Kim MJ, Sul S. On the relationship between the social brain, social connectedness, and wellbeing. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1112438. [PMID: 36911115 PMCID: PMC9998496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of social neuroscience in the past two decades has offered a useful neurocognitive framework for understanding human social behavior. Of importance, social neuroscience research aimed to provide mechanistic explanations for the established link between wellbeing and social behavioral phenomena-particularly those reflective of social connectedness. Here, we provide an overview of the relevant literature focusing on recent work using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In general, fMRI research demonstrated that aspects of social connectedness that are known to either positively (e.g., social acceptance) or negatively (e.g., social isolation) impact wellbeing also modulated the activity of subcortical reward system accordingly. Similar modulatory influence was found for the activity of other brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex, which are typically regarded as components of the "social brain" that support a wide range of functions related to social cognition and behavior. Elucidating such individual differences in brain activity may shed light onto the neural underpinnings of the link between social connectedness and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Justin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhae Sul
- Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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10
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“Voodoo” Science in Neuroimaging: How a Controversy Transformed into a Crisis. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques have continued to advance, which has led researchers and non specialists alike to regard this technique as infallible. However, at the end of 2008, a scientific controversy and the related media coverage called functional neuroimaging practices into question and cast doubt on the capacity of fMRI studies to produce reliable results. The purpose of this article is to retrace the history of this contemporary controversy and its treatment in the media. Then, the study stands at the intersection of the history of science, the epistemology of statistics, and the epistemology of science. Arguments involving actors (researchers, the media) and the chronology of events are presented. Finally, the article reveals that three groups fought through different arguments (false positives, statistical power, sample size, etc.), reaffirming the current scientific norms that separate the true from the false. Replication, forming this boundary, takes the place of the most persuasive argument. This is how the voodoo controversy joined the replication crisis.
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11
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Kubota JT, Dang TP, Mattan BD, Barth DM, Handley G, Cloutier J. Social justice neuroscience, a valuable and complex endeavor: Authors' reply to commentaries on "Perceiving social injustice during arrests of Black and White civilians by White police officers: An fMRI investigation". Neuroimage 2022; 255:119155. [PMID: 35354094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In commentaries about our article, "Perceiving social injustice during arrests of Black and White civilians by White police officers: An fMRI investigation" (Dang et al., 2022), Harris (2022), Niv and Kardosh (2022), and Purdie-Greenway and Spagna (2022) made suggestions to increase the generalizability of future research on this topic and cautioned about misinterpretation of the obtained findings. We agree with their assessments, noting that this emerging program of research should be extended to different populations and stimuli. We conclude with a general discussion of the benefits and challenges associated with multidisciplinary research and share our thoughts about engaging in social justice neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Kubota
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Tzipporah P Dang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Denise M Barth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Grace Handley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jasmin Cloutier
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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12
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Wang X, Zhan Y. Regulation of Social Recognition Memory in the Hippocampal Circuits. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:839931. [PMID: 35431817 PMCID: PMC9006871 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.839931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Social recognition memory reflects the ability of the social animals to recognize and remember familiar individuals of the same species. The unique ability for mammals to recognize conspecifics is essential and beneficial when animals conduct daily social activities. This brief review summarizes a brain network underlying social recognition memory and explores the possible relationships between social isolation and social recognition memory. Finally, we introduce some possible related molecular mechanisms underlying social recognition memory. These findings help us explore potential targeting brain areas or circuits of social communication disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Zhan,
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13
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De Luca R, Maggio MG, Leonardi S, Marra A, Casella C, Calabrò RS. Is psychosocial rehabilitation useful in older people living in nursing homes? A pilot study on long-term cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:180-186. [PMID: 34894028 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related changes in cognitive and behavioural functions, although common, may vary considerably across individuals and cognitive domains. There is limited evidence focusing on the benefits of training based on cognitive/social learning principles in the elderly. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Assertive Social Skill Training (ASST) in improving cognitive and mood outcomes in a sample of older patients living in a Sicilian nursing home. METHODS Forty-seven older subjects were enrolled in this case-control study. Each participant was evaluated by a neuropsychologist, through the administration of a short psychometric battery using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), at three time points: before (T0), immediately following (T1), and 6 months after the end of the training (T2). Both groups received cognitive behavioural therapy and psychological support, but the experimental group received the ASST protocol (60 sessions, five times a week, for 12 weeks, each session lasting about 60 min), whilst the control group participated in group meetings with recreational activities. RESULTS Post-hoc analysis showed that only patients receiving ASST presented a statistically significant improvement in global cognitive functions (MMSE: P < 0.001), frontal abilities (FAB: P < 0.001), and mood (GDS: P < 0.001); these positive outcomes were maintained at T2. CONCLUSIONS Promising treatments, like the ASST, aimed at potentiating cognitive, behavioural, and social skills, are needed to improve older people's quality of life, especially when they live in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angela Marra
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Casella
- Department of Neuroscience, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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14
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Paans NP, Korten N, Orhan M, Ensing A, Schouws SN, Kupka R, van Oppen P, Dols A. Is social functioning in older age patients with bipolar disorder associated with affective and/or non-affective cognition? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 34997778 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research showed impairments in non-affective cognition, affective cognition, and social functioning in adult patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Only 37% of adult BD patients recovers in social functioning, and both aspects of cognition are important constructs of influence. The role of affective cognition in older age bipolar disorder (OABD) patients is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the separate and combined effects of affective cognition and non-affective cognition on social functioning. METHODS The current study included 60 euthymic patients (aged >60) of the Dutch Older Bipolar Study. Affective cognition was measured by Theory of Mind and Emotion Recognition. Non-affective cognition was assessed through the measurements of attention, learning and memory, and executive functioning. Social functioning was examined through global social functioning, social participation, and meaningful contacts. The research questions were tested with linear and ordinal regression analyses. RESULTS Results showed a positive association of all non-affective cognitive domains with global social functioning. Associations between affective cognition and social functioning were non-significant. Results did show an interaction between non-affective and affective cognition. CONCLUSIONS Associations between non-affective cognition and social functioning were confirmed, associations between affective cognition and social function were not found. For generalizability, studies with a greater sample size are needed. Conducting additional research about OABD patients and affective cognition is important. It may lead to more insight in impairment and guide tailored treatment that focusses more on all aspects of recovery and the needs of OABD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Pg Paans
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Korten
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melis Orhan
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Ensing
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ralph Kupka
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Altrecht GGZ, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Boggio PS. Neuromodulation and SCAN Holding Hands. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:1-3. [PMID: 34450638 PMCID: PMC8824590 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, SP, Brazil
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16
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Li J, Zeng M, Liu M, Zhao X, Hu W, Wang C, Deng C, Li R, Chen H, Yang J. Multivariable pattern classification differentiates relational self-esteem from personal self-esteem. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:726-735. [PMID: 33949671 PMCID: PMC8259266 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Relational self-esteem (RSE) refers to one’s sense of self-worth based on the relationship with significant others, such as family and best friends. Although previous neuroimaging research has investigated the neural processes of RSE, it is less clear how RSE is represented in multivariable neural patterns. Being able to identify a stable RSE signature could contribute to knowledge about relational self-worth. Here, using multivariate pattern classification to differentiate RSE from personal self-esteem (PSE), which pertains to self-worth derived from personal attributes, we obtained a stable diagnostic signature of RSE relative to PSE. We found that multivariable neural activities in the superior/middle temporal gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsal medial Prefrontal Cortex (dmPFC) and temporo-parietal junction were responsible for diagnosis of RSE, suggesting that the evaluation of RSE involves the retrieval of relational episodic memory, perspective-taking and value calculation. Further, these diagnostic neural signatures were able to sensitively decode neural activities related to RSE in another independent test sample, indicating the reliability of the brain state represented. By providing a reliable multivariate brain pattern for RSE relative to PSE, our results informed more cognitively prominent processing of RSE than that of PSE and enriched our knowledge about how relational self-worth is generated in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weiyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chijun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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17
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Abstract
Manufacturing systems under Industry 4.0, and their transition towards Industry 5.0, take into account the Quintuple Helix innovation model, associated with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by the UN and Horizon 2030, in which companies focus on operational efficiency in terms of the use and minimisation of resources for the protection of the environment. In this respect, the implementation of the circular economy model, which requires engineers to acquire appropriate competencies, enabling companies to establish this model at the manufacturing level. Moreover, competence has always been a priority for both the professional and the company. In this sense, connectivism has been called a learning theory for the digital era; this is the reason why a review of the state-of-the-art developments of this paradigm focused on engineering has been carried out. In this sense, the potential of the digital transformation in instruction to formulate an engineering model based on neuro-competences is of great interest, taking the connectivist paradigm as a methodological axis. To this end, a first bibliometric analysis has been carried out to identify the drivers on which to base the design of the neuro-competencies of the instructional engineering environment and the trend towards curriculum development under dual training models. The bibliographical research carried out on the connectivist paradigm has served to identify the trends followed to date in education within the subject area of engineering. These trends have not fully taken into account the leading role of the human factor within the socio-technical cyber-physical systems of sustainable manufacturing (SCSSM). The focus was more on the technology than on the adaptation of the uniqueness of the human factor and the tasks entrusted to him, which entails an additional complexity that needs to be addressed in both academic and professional contexts. In light of the foregoing, an improvement to the acquisition and management of competencies has been proposed to the academic, professional and dual engineering contexts. It is based on the transversal inclusion of the concept of neuro-competence applied to the competence engineering (CE) model, transforming it into the neuro-competence engineering (NCE) model. The foregoing provides a better match between the characteristics of the human factor and the uniqueness of the tasks performed by the engineer, incorporating activity theory (AT), the law of variety required (LVR), the connectivist paradigm and neuroscience as a transversal driver of innovation through fractality. This proposal enables a ubiquitous and sustainable learning model throughout the entire academic and professional life cycle of the engineer, placing it sustainably at the heart of the instructional and professional cyber-physical socio-technical system, thus complying with the SDGs set by the UN and Horizon 2030.
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18
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Feng C, Eickhoff SB, Li T, Wang L, Becker B, Camilleri JA, Hétu S, Luo Y. Common brain networks underlying human social interactions: Evidence from large-scale neuroimaging meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:289-303. [PMID: 33781834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent overarching frameworks propose that various human social interactions are commonly supported by a set of fundamental neuropsychological processes, including social cognition, motivation, and cognitive control. However, it remains unclear whether brain networks implicated in these functional constructs are consistently engaged in diverse social interactions. Based on ample evidence from human brain imaging studies (342 contrasts, 7234 participants, 3328 foci), we quantitatively synthesized brain areas involved in broad domains of social interactions, including social interactions versus non-social contexts, positive/negative aspects of social interactions, social learning, and social norms. We then conducted brain network analysis on the ensuing brain regions and characterized the psychological function profiles of identified brain networks. Our findings revealed that brain regions consistently involved in diverse social interactions mapped onto default mode network, salience network, subcortical network and central executive network, which were respectively implicated in social cognition, motivation and cognitive control. These findings implicate a heuristic integrative framework to understand human social life from the perspective of component process and network integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, Institute of Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, Institute of Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of the Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sébastien Hétu
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Luo
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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19
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Lunardi P, Mansk LMZ, Jaimes LF, Pereira GS. On the novel mechanisms for social memory and the emerging role of neurogenesis. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:56-66. [PMID: 33753208 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Social memory (SM) is a key element in social cognition and it encompasses the neural representation of conspecifics, an essential information to guide behavior in a social context. Here we evaluate classical and cutting-edge studies on neurobiology of SM, using as a guiding principle behavioral tasks performed in adult rodents. Our review highlights the relevance of the hippocampus, especially the CA2 region, as a neural substrate for SM and suggest that neural ensembles in the olfactory bulb may also encode SM traces. Compared to other hippocampus-dependent memories, much remains to be done to describe the neurobiological foundations of SM. Nonetheless, we argue that special attention should be paid to neurogenesis. Finally, we pinpoint the remaining open question on whether the hippocampal adult neurogenesis acts through pattern separation to permit the discrimination of highly similar stimuli during behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lunardi
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lara M Z Mansk
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laura F Jaimes
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Grace S Pereira
- Núcleo de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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20
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Individual differences in social and non-social cognitive control. Cognition 2020; 202:104317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Harris LT, van Etten N, Gimenez-Fernandez T. Exploring how harming and helping behaviors drive prediction and explanation during anthropomorphism. Soc Neurosci 2020; 16:39-56. [PMID: 32698660 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1799859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cacioppo and colleagues advanced the study of anthropomorphism by positing three motives that moderated the occurrence of this phenomenon; belonging, effectance, and explanation. Here, we further this literature by exploring the extent to which the valence of a target's behavior influences its anthropomorphism when perceivers attempt to explain and predict that target's behavior, and the involvement of brain regions associated with explanation and prediction in such anthropomorphism. Participants viewed videos of varying visually complex agents - geometric shapes, computer generated (CG) faces, and greebles - in nonrandom motion performing harming and helping behaviors. Across two studies, participants reported a narrative that explained the observed behavior (both studies) while we recorded brain activity (study one), and participants predicted future behavior of the protagonist shapes (study two). Brain regions implicated in prediction error (striatum), not language generation (inferior frontal gyrus; IFG) engaged more to harming than helping behaviors during the anthropomorphism of such stimuli. Behaviorally, we found greater anthropomorphism in explanations of harming rather than helping behaviors, but the opposite pattern when participants predicted the agents' behavior. Together, these studies build upon the anthropomorphism literature by exploring how the valence of behavior drives explanation and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasana T Harris
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London , London, UK
| | - Noor van Etten
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University , Leiden, Netherlands
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22
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Kim S, Baek JH, Shim SH, Kwon YJ, Lee HY, Yoo JH, Kim JS. Mismatch negativity indices and functional outcomes in unipolar and bipolar depression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12831. [PMID: 32732996 PMCID: PMC7393365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the association between functional outcomes and mismatch negativity (MMN) activity in participants with mood disorders. The study participants were 27 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), 29 subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), and 33 healthy controls who performed a passive auditory oddball paradigm while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Peak amplitudes and source activity of the MMN were compared across groups. Mood and anxiety symptoms were evaluated. The functional levels were the lowest in the BD group, followed by the MDD and healthy control groups. The subjects with BD had significantly lower MMN amplitudes at the frontal and frontocentral electrodes than the healthy controls. The source activity of the MMN from the left anterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus was significantly increased in the BD group compared to the MDD group. Significant correlations were detected between the functional outcomes and MMN amplitudes at frontal and frontocentral sites. The functional outcome was significantly correlated with left frontal regions. In conclusion, MMN activity appears to be a promising candidate as an evaluation tool for functional outcomes in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkean Kim
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Askari M, Abbaszadeh A, Saharkhiz M, Karbasi S, Talebpour A, Fashami AAA, Rezapour H, Hoseini ZS, Mahmoudzadeh S, Ayadilord M, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. A study of the association between cognitive abilities and dietary intake in young women. Nutr Health 2020; 26:263-270. [PMID: 32646288 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020940116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive abilities comprise activities that relate to receiving and responding to information from the environment, internal processing, making complex decisions, and then responding to this in the context of behavior. AIM The current study investigated the association between dietary intake and seven aspects of cognitive abilities among healthy young women. METHODS The study was carried out among 182 women aged 18-25 years. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire containing 65 food items was used to estimate dietary intake. Neuropsychological function and cognitive abilities of participants were determined using standard questionnaires. RESULTS Significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, stress, physical, and mental health-related quality of life as well as daytime sleepiness for the participants in different quartiles of cognitive abilities score (p<0.05). Participants in the fourth quartile of cognitive abilities score consumed significantly higher energy, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin compared to those in the lowest quartile (p<0.05). There were strong correlations between total cognitive abilities score and dietary sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and thiamin (p<0.05). Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, iron and thiamin were statistically significant factors for the prediction of cognitive abilities. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that neurocognitive function is related to dietary macro and micronutrients including energy, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin on cognitive performance among young women without memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Askari
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arefeh Abbaszadeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samira Karbasi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir Talebpour
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Hadis Rezapour
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Sara Mahmoudzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Malaksima Ayadilord
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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24
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Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA, Neves CFH. Neuro-assessment of leadership training. COACHING: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY, RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17521882.2019.1619796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos F. H. Neves
- BM-Science – Brain and Mind Technologies Research Centre, Espoo, Finland
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25
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A Review of Telepresence, Virtual Reality, and Augmented Reality Applied to Clinical Care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41347-020-00126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Prounis GS, Ophir AG. One cranium, two brains not yet introduced: Distinct but complementary views of the social brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:231-245. [PMID: 31743724 PMCID: PMC6949399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Social behavior is pervasive across the animal kingdom, and elucidating how the brain enables animals to respond to social contexts is of great interest and profound importance. Our understanding of 'the social brain' has been fractured as it has matured. Two drastically different conceptualizations of the social brain have emerged with relatively little awareness of each other. In this review, we briefly recount the history behind the two dominant definitions of a social brain. The divide that has emerged between these visions can, in part, be attributed to differential attention to cortical or sub-cortical regions in the brain, and differences in methodology, comparative perspectives, and emphasis on functional specificity or generality. We discuss how these factors contribute to a lack of communication between research efforts, and propose ways in which each version of the social brain can benefit from the perspectives, tools, and approaches of the other. Interface between the two characterizations of social brain networks is sure to provide essential insight into what the social brain encompasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Prounis
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alexander G Ophir
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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27
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Tzakis N, Holahan MR. Social Memory and the Role of the Hippocampal CA2 Region. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:233. [PMID: 31632251 PMCID: PMC6779725 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The CA2 region of the hippocampus is a somewhat obscure area lacking in an understanding of its form and function. Until recently, the CA2 has been thought of as merely an extension of the CA3, with some referring to it as the CA3a region. Recent investigations into this area have not only delineated the CA2, but also defined it as a region distinct from both CA1 and CA3, with a unique set of cortical inputs and outputs and contributions to cognitive processes. One such process that has been shown to depend on the CA2 is the ability to recognize a novel or familiar conspecific, known as social recognition memory. Here, we review these findings and discuss the parallels between CA2 dysfunction and social impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tzakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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28
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Espinós U, Fernández-Abascal EG, Ovejero M. Theory of mind in remitted bipolar disorder: Interpersonal accuracy in recognition of dynamic nonverbal signals. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222112. [PMID: 31509553 PMCID: PMC6738608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A relatively unexplored aspect in bipolar disorder (BD) is the ability to accurately judge other´s nonverbal behavior. To explore this aspect of social cognition in this population is particularly meaningful, as it may have an influence in their social and interpersonal functioning. The aim of this research was to study interpersonal accuracy (IPA) in remitted BDs, that is, the specific skills that fall under the general term Theory of Mind (ToM). Study participants included 119 remitted individuals with BD (70 BD I and 49 BD II), and they were compared with a group of 39 persons diagnosed with unipolar depression (UD) and 119 control participants. The MiniPONS was used to test the whole spectrum of nonverbal cues as facial expressions, body language and voice. Results indicated a superiority of the control group with statistically significant differences both in the performance in the MiniPONS (number of right answers) and in each of the areas evaluated by this test. BD groups, in recognition of the meaning of gestures in face, body and voice intonation, performed significantly worse than controls. ANCOVA analysis controlling the effect of age shows that control group performed significantly better compared to clinical groups, and there were no differences between UD and BD groups. The results indicate a deficit in IPA and suggest that better comprehension of deficiencies in interpersonal accuracy in BD may help to develop new training programs to improve in these patients the understanding of others, which might have a positive impact in their psychosocial functionality, and thus lead to the objective of functional rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usue Espinós
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mercedes Ovejero
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Kingsbury L, Huang S, Wang J, Gu K, Golshani P, Wu YE, Hong W. Correlated Neural Activity and Encoding of Behavior across Brains of Socially Interacting Animals. Cell 2019; 178:429-446.e16. [PMID: 31230711 PMCID: PMC6625832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions involve complex decision-making tasks that are shaped by dynamic, mutual feedback between participants. An open question is whether and how emergent properties may arise across brains of socially interacting individuals to influence social decisions. By simultaneously performing microendoscopic calcium imaging in pairs of socially interacting mice, we find that animals exhibit interbrain correlations of neural activity in the prefrontal cortex that are dependent on ongoing social interaction. Activity synchrony arises from two neuronal populations that separately encode one's own behaviors and those of the social partner. Strikingly, interbrain correlations predict future social interactions as well as dominance relationships in a competitive context. Together, our study provides conclusive evidence for interbrain synchrony in rodents, uncovers how synchronization arises from activity at the single-cell level, and presents a role for interbrain neural activity coupling as a property of multi-animal systems in coordinating and sustaining social interactions between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Kingsbury
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ken Gu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ye Emily Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Weizhe Hong
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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30
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Hall PA, Bickel WK, Erickson KI, Wagner DD. Neuroimaging, neuromodulation, and population health: the neuroscience of chronic disease prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:240-256. [PMID: 29863790 PMCID: PMC6175225 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Preventable chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the majority of countries throughout the world, and this trend will continue for the foreseeable future. The potential to offset the social, economic, and personal burdens associated with such conditions depends on our ability to influence people's thought processes, decisions, and behaviors, all of which can be understood with reference to the brain itself. Within the health neuroscience framework, the brain can be viewed as a predictor, mediator, moderator, or outcome in relation to health-related phenomena. This review explores examples of each of these, with specific reference to the primary prevention (i.e., prevention of initial onset) of chronic diseases. Within the topic of primary prevention, we touch on several cross-cutting themes (persuasive communications, delay discounting of rewards, and self-control), and place a special focus on obesity as a disorder influenced by both eating behavior and exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Hall
- School of Public Health and Health SystemsUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Warren K. Bickel
- Departments of PsychologyNeuroscience and Health Sciences, Virginia TechRoanokeVirginia
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
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31
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Wolf D, Mittelberg I, Rekittke LM, Bhavsar S, Zvyagintsev M, Haeck A, Cong F, Klasen M, Mathiak K. Interpretation of Social Interactions: Functional Imaging of Cognitive-Semiotic Categories During Naturalistic Viewing. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:296. [PMID: 30154703 PMCID: PMC6102316 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interactions arise from patterns of communicative signs, whose perception and interpretation require a multitude of cognitive functions. The semiotic framework of Peirce's Universal Categories (UCs) laid ground for a novel cognitive-semiotic typology of social interactions. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 16 volunteers watched a movie narrative encompassing verbal and non-verbal social interactions. Three types of non-verbal interactions were coded ("unresolved," "non-habitual," and "habitual") based on a typology reflecting Peirce's UCs. As expected, the auditory cortex responded to verbal interactions, but non-verbal interactions modulated temporal areas as well. Conceivably, when speech was lacking, ambiguous visual information (unresolved interactions) primed auditory processing in contrast to learned behavioral patterns (habitual interactions). The latter recruited a parahippocampal-occipital network supporting conceptual processing and associative memory retrieval. Requesting semiotic contextualization, non-habitual interactions activated visuo-spatial and contextual rule-learning areas such as the temporo-parietal junction and right lateral prefrontal cortex. In summary, the cognitive-semiotic typology reflected distinct sensory and association networks underlying the interpretation of observed non-verbal social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhana Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Natural Media Lab, Human Technology Centre (HumTec), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Mittelberg
- Natural Media Lab, Human Technology Centre (HumTec), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Sign Language and Gesture (SignGes), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Linn-Marlen Rekittke
- Natural Media Lab, Human Technology Centre (HumTec), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Sign Language and Gesture (SignGes), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saurabh Bhavsar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Zvyagintsev
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Brain Imaging Facility, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Studies (IZKF), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annina Haeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fengyu Cong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Martin Klasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Sign Language and Gesture (SignGes), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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32
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Vlad M, Raucher-Chéné D, Henry A, Kaladjian A. Functional outcome and social cognition in bipolar disorder: Is there a connection? Eur Psychiatry 2018; 52:116-125. [PMID: 29787961 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in social cognition in bipolar disorder (BD) has increased considerably over the past decade, with studies highlighting major impairments, especially in mental state reasoning, even during euthymia. A causal relationship between social cognition deficits and social functioning has already been established in individuals with schizophrenia, but there is still little information about links between social cognition and social functioning in BD. Our aim was therefore to review the relationship between functional outcome and social cognition in patients with BD. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature. Relevant articles were identified through literature searches in the MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar databases for the years 2000-2017, using the keywords bipolar, social cognition, theory of mind, mentalizing, emotion recognition, emotion processing, and functioning. A total of 20 studies met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS We found that functioning was significantly correlated with three domains of social cognition (ToM, emotion processing, and attribution bias). Twelve of 13 studies reported a correlation with emotion processing, but a correlation with ToM was only found in three of the 11 studies that assessed it. Six studies found an effect of depressive symptoms on emotion processing and no significant association was found with manic symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the present review is the first to specifically explore the relationship between social cognition and social functioning in patients with BD. This exploration is of interest, as it enhances current understanding of this disorder and, by so doing, should improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vlad
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France; Cognition, Health & Society (C2S - EA 6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
| | - Audrey Henry
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France; Cognition, Health & Society (C2S - EA 6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Psychiatry Department, University Hospital, Reims, France; Cognition, Health & Society (C2S - EA 6291) Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Abstract
Neuropolitics is the intersection of neuroscience and political science, and it has the interdisciplinary goal of transforming both disciplines. This article reviews the past 20 years of work in the field, identifying its roots, some overarching themes-reactions to political attitudinal questions and candidates faces, identification of political ideology based on brain structure or reactivity to nonpolitical stimuli, and racial attitudes-and obstacles to its progress. I then explore the methodological and analytical advances that point the way forward for the future of neuropolitics. Although the field has been slow to develop compared with neurolaw and neuroeconomics, innovations look ripe for dramatically improving our ability to model political behaviors and attitudes in individuals and predict political choices in mass publics. The coming advancements, however, pose risks to our current norms of democratic deliberation, and academics need to anticipate and mitigate these risks.
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How individual needs influence motivation effects: a neuroscientific study on McClelland’s need theory. REVIEW OF MANAGERIAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11846-017-0252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Organizational cognitive neuroscience – potential (non-) implications for practice. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-07-2015-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential implications and non-implications for leadership and organization development of a recent systematic review of empirical developments in organizational cognitive neuroscience (OCN).
Design/methodology/approach
Butler et al.’s (2016) systematic review of 40 empirical articles related to OCN is re-interpreted in terms of its potential to reveal (non-) implications for practice. OCN is critically discussed, then related to the research findings from studies with two methodological designs.
Findings
At this stage of OCN’s emergence, it appears that neuroimaging and physiology-based research methods have equal potential in their implications for practice, though hormonal data poses ethical public interest dilemmas. Both methods cannot be reduced to specific forms of application to practice, but they set an aspirational direction for the future development of leadership and organizations.
Practical implications
There appear to be two paces of translational activity – practitioners are moving more quickly than academics in applying OCN to practice. It is suggested that a meeting of minds may be needed to ensure that any risks associated with applying OCN to practice are minimized or eliminated.
Social implications
Inter-disciplinary research, like OCN, requires a social consensus about how basic research in cognitive neuroscience can be applied to organizations. A think tank will provide opportunities for deeper engagement and co-production between academics and practitioners.
Originality/value
Critically exploring the potential implications of OCN for practice, by basing the discussion on a systematic review of empirical developments.
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36
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Virtual Reality for Research in Social Neuroscience. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7040042. [PMID: 28420150 PMCID: PMC5406699 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of social neuroscience has significantly advanced our understanding of the relationship that exists between social processes and their neurobiological underpinnings. Social neuroscience research often involves the use of simple and static stimuli lacking many of the potentially important aspects of real world activities and social interactions. Whilst this research has merit, there is a growing interest in the presentation of dynamic stimuli in a manner that allows researchers to assess the integrative processes carried out by perceivers over time. Herein, we discuss the potential of virtual reality for enhancing ecological validity while maintaining experimental control in social neuroscience research. Virtual reality is a technology that allows for the creation of fully interactive, three-dimensional computerized models of social situations that can be fully controlled by the experimenter. Furthermore, the introduction of interactive virtual characters—either driven by a human or by a computer—allows the researcher to test, in a systematic and independent manner, the effects of various social cues. We first introduce key technical features and concepts related to virtual reality. Next, we discuss the potential of this technology for enhancing social neuroscience protocols, drawing on illustrative experiments from the literature.
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37
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Peyroux E, Santaella N, Broussolle E, Rigard C, Favre E, Brunet AS, Bost M, Lachaux A, Demily C. Social cognition in Wilson's disease: A new phenotype? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173467. [PMID: 28384152 PMCID: PMC5383022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies focusing on neuropsychological impairments in Wilson’s disease (WD) have highlighted that patients showing neurological signs present significant deficits in a wide range of cognitive domains. Attentional and executive impairments have also been described in people with hepatic WD. However, social cognition abilities, i.e. cognitive processes required to perceive the emotions, intentions and dispositions of other people, have not been clearly investigated in WD. In this study we examined the social cognitive functioning in 19 patients with WD depending on their clinical status–Neurological versus Non-Neurological (“hepatic”) forms–compared to 20 healthy controls. For the very first time, results highlighted that patients with WD had significant impairments in the three major components of social cognition: emotion recognition, Theory of Mind and attributional style. However, these deficits differ depending on the form of the disease: patients with neurological signs showed a wide range of deficits in the three components that were assessed–results notably revealed impairments in recognizing “fear”, “anger”, and “disgust”, a significant Theory of Mind deficit and an “aggression bias”–whereas Non-Neurological patients only showed deficits on test assessing attributional bias, with a trend to react more “aggressively” to ambiguous social situations than healthy controls, as observed in Neurological WD patients, and a specific impairment in “anger” recognition. Our findings are discussed in the light of both neurocognitive impairments and brain damages, and especially those affecting the basal ganglia, as observed in people with WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Peyroux
- Genopsy–Center for the Diagnosis and Management of Genetic Psychiatric Disorders, Le Vinatier Hospital, Lyon, France
- University Department of Rehabilitation (SUR/CL3R), Le Vinatier Hospital, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- Department of Neurology C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Center of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR 5229, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard–Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Rigard
- Genopsy–Center for the Diagnosis and Management of Genetic Psychiatric Disorders, Le Vinatier Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Favre
- Department of Neurology C, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- French National Center for Wilson’s Disease, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Brunet
- French National Center for Wilson’s Disease, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Bost
- French National Center for Wilson’s Disease, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, CBPE, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Trace Element and Toxic Metal Analysis, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Claude Bernard–Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
- French National Center for Wilson’s Disease, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Demily
- Genopsy–Center for the Diagnosis and Management of Genetic Psychiatric Disorders, Le Vinatier Hospital, Lyon, France
- Center of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR 5229, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard–Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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Waldman DA, Ward M, Becker WJ. Neuroscience in Organizational Behavior. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we consider the advent of neuroscience in management and organizational research. We organize our review around two general themes pertaining to how areas of the brain may be relevant to management and organizational behavior. First, intrinsic, at-rest activity in the brain provides trait-like information that can be used to better understand individuals in terms of cognition, emotions, and behaviors. Second, reflexive activity involves an understanding of the brain in terms of its state-like responses to stimuli. In our review, we identify several research challenges and opportunities, such as the need to consider the theoretical basis of neural concepts and measures and the use of team-based neuroscience technologies. In addition, although research in organizational neuroscience is relatively new, some interesting practical implications are raised here. We conclude with a consideration of key limitations, specifically the possibility of excessive reductionism, as well as ethical and professional issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Waldman
- Department of Management, W.P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - M.K. Ward
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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39
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DeRobertis EM. Neuroscientific Support. THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF LEARNING AND BECOMING 2017:155-176. [DOI: 10.1057/978-1-349-95204-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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40
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Fiedler K. Tools, Toys, Truisms, and Theories: Some Thoughts on the Creative Cycle of Theory Formation. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 8:123-31. [PMID: 15223511 DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0802_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Theory creation underlies the basic laws of evolution, calling for both random variation (loosening) and critical selection processes (tightening). Theory construction requires support of both components. However, whereas psychology has created a refined methodology for the tightening stage, attempts to understand the loosening stage of the creative cycle are conspicuously missing. I propose that both aspects of the creative cycle of theory formation can be acquired and exercised playfully, through distinct loosening and tightening games. I outline the rules of these games and illustrate them with examples from contemporary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Fiedler
- Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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41
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Van Overwalle F, Siebler F. A Connectionist Model of Attitude Formation and Change. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2016; 9:231-74. [PMID: 16083362 DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses a recurrent connectionist network, simulating empirical phenomena usually explained by current dual-process approaches of attitudes, thereby focusing on the processing mechanisms that may underlie both central and peripheral routes of persuasion. Major findings in attitude formation and change involving both processing modes are reviewed and modeled from a connectionist perspective. We use an autoassociative network architecture with a linear activation update and the delta learning algorithm for adjusting the connection weights. The network is applied to well-known experiments involving deliberative attitude formation, as well as the use of heuristics of length, consensus, expertise, and mood. All these empirical phenomena are successfully reproduced in the simulations. Moreover, the proposed model is shown to be consistent with algebraic models of attitude formation (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975). The discussion centers on how the proposed network model may be used to unite and formalize current ideas and hypotheses on the processes underlying attitude acquisition and how it can be deployed to develop novel hypotheses in the attitude domain.
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42
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Social Disinhibition: Piloting a New Clinical Measure in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury. BRAIN IMPAIR 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Social disinhibition difficulties are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, clinically sensitive tools to objectively assess the difficulties are lacking. This study aimed to pilot a new clinical measure of social disinhibition, the social disinhibition task (SDT). Whether social disinhibition is dependent on the type of social information judgements required and whether disinhibited responses can be adjusted with additional guidance were also examined. Participants were 31 adults (25 Male) with moderate-to-severe TBI and 22 adult (17 Male) healthy control participants. Participants viewed scenes of complex social situations and were asked to describe a character in them (Part A), describe a character while inhibiting inappropriate or negative responses (Part B), and describe a character while not only inhibiting negative responses, but also providing positive responses (Part C). One-half of the items contained a faux pas requiring participants to make inferences about a character's mental state. TBI and control participants responded similarly to Part A, although control participants responded less positively than TBI participants in the faux pas items. TBI participants were significantly impaired on Part B indicating they experienced difficulties in inhibiting automatic responding. TBI participants were however able to adjust their responding in Part C so that they respond similarly to the control participants. Between group differences were not detected in reaction time. Overall, the SDT appears to be suitable to detect social inhibition difficulties in clinical settings and provides a new direction for remediation of the difficulties in individuals with TBI.
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43
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Abstract
Psychiatric disorders can affect our ability to successfully and enjoyably interact with others. Conversely, having difficulties in social relations is known to increase the risk of developing a psychiatric disorder. In this article, the assumption that psychiatric disorders can be construed as disorders of social interaction is reviewed from a clinical point of view. Furthermore, it is argued that a psychiatrically motivated focus on the dynamics of social interaction may help to provide new perspectives for the field of social neuroscience. Such progress may be crucial to realize social neuroscience's translational potential and to advance the transdiagnostic investigation of the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Schilbach
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, München-Schwabing 80804, Germany Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne 50924, Germany
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44
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Abstract
In much of the debate concerning the philosophy and psychology of cognition and emotion, Aristotle’s theory is taken to support a functionalist, cognition-first account. This brand of functionalism emphasizes functional role over occupant, or supervenient over physiochemical, the so-called ‘software vs hardware’ distinction. We argue, instead, that this functionalist reading misrepresents Aristotle because it downgrades the significance of his ideas about the biological bases of emotions and, in particular, affect-first processes in emotions. In addition to presenting a detailed critique of this functionalist interpretation of Aristotelian psychology, we offer an alternative reading of Aristotle’s theory of cognition and emotion that brings to bear certain biological considerations evidenced in his arguments on the integration of form and matter (hylomorphism) and the hierarchical organization of the biological world. Based on this new reading, we identify affinities with contemporary research in the cognitive neuroscience of emotion and developmental research on emotion.
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45
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Heatherton TF, Macrae CN, Kelley WM. What the Social Brain Sciences Can Tell Us About the Self. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social brain science is an emerging interdisciplinary field that encompasses researchers who use the approaches of evolutionary psychology, social cognition, and especially neuroscience to study human social nature. The advent of brain imaging and other cognitive neuroscience methods has provided researchers with new tools to explore the social mind. We describe how these methods can be used to explore the perplexing question of self, for example, resolving long-standing debates regarding theories of self-referential memory and providing novel insights into other aspects of self.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Neil Macrae
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College
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46
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The Effects of Outgroup Threat and Opportunity to Derogate on Salivary Cortisol Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060616. [PMID: 27338433 PMCID: PMC4924073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perceptions of intergroup threat have been related to both experiences of physiological stress responses and derogation of the outgroup. In this study, a neuroscience perspective was used to investigate the relationship between stress and opportunity to derogate the outgroup, in a threatening intergroup context. Research from a social identity perspective suggests that engaging in outgroup derogation alleviates stress when perceiving an intergroup threat. However, in line with the model of intergroup anxiety, opportunity to derogate could exacerbate the negative connotations of a threatening situation, resulting in more stress. Canadian participants (N = 110) were exposed to text describing either discriminatory or favorable comments expressed by Chinese individuals towards Canadians. Half of the participants were given the opportunity to derogate via a bias task. Salivary cortisol was used as a measure of stress and was collected at baseline, post-threat, and post-derogation. As expected, threatening identity led to more stress as evidenced by increased cortisol concentrations. Furthermore, threatened participants who had an opportunity to derogate showed greater cortisol concentrations than those who did not. These results demonstrate a link between stress and the opportunity to derogate, and highlights the value of using biological markers within the intergroup context. Rewrite abstract to remove all the references (they are meaningless because the abstracting services will use the abstract as is but will not provide the references so their presence is useless.
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47
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Acquadro MAS, Congedo M, De Riddeer D. Music Performance As an Experimental Approach to Hyperscanning Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:242. [PMID: 27252641 PMCID: PMC4879135 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are fundamentally social and tend to create emergent organizations when interacting with each other; from dyads to families, small groups, large groups, societies, and civilizations. The study of the neuronal substrate of human social behavior is currently gaining momentum in the young field of social neuroscience. Hyperscanning is a neuroimaging technique by which we can study two or more brains simultaneously while participants interact with each other. The aim of this article is to discuss several factors that we deem important in designing hyperscanning experiments. We first review hyperscanning studies performed by means of electroencephalography (EEG) that have been relying on a continuous interaction paradigm. Then, we provide arguments for favoring ecological paradigms, for studying the emotional component of social interactions and for performing longitudinal studies, the last two aspects being largely neglected so far in the hyperscanning literature despite their paramount importance in social sciences. Based on these premises, we argue that music performance is a suitable experimental setting for hyperscanning and that for such studies EEG is an appropriate choice as neuroimaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël A. S. Acquadro
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gipsa-Lab-DIS, University of Grenoble-AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Marco Congedo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gipsa-Lab-DIS, University of Grenoble-AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Dirk De Riddeer
- Dunedin School of Medicine, Otago UniversityDunedin, New Zealand
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48
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Abstract
Social cognitive neuroscience is a rapidly emerging field that utilizes cognitive neuroscientific techniques (e.g., lesion studies, neuroimaging) to address concepts traditionally in the social psychological realm (e.g., attitudes, stereotypes). The purpose of this article is to review published neuroscientific and neuropsychological research into social cognition. The author focuses on the role of the prefrontal cortex in social behavior and presents a framework that provides cohesion of this research. The article proposes that this framework will be useful in guiding future social cognitive neuroscientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline N. Wood
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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49
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We knew it all along! Using cognitive science to explain how andragogy works. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/ejtd-10-2015-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– This paper aims to link recent findings in cognitive neuroscience to better understand how andragogically informed instructional practices impact cognition and learning.
Design/methodology/approach
– The research questions guiding the study is in what ways can the recent findings in cognitive neuroscience help to inform adult education theory, including andragogy in particular, to deepen our understanding of how andragogical instructional principles and practices can improve learning? We adopted Torraco’s (2005) integrative literature review approach of providing enough details regarding the selection of the literature and the identification and verification of emerged themes of main ideas.
Findings
– The core assumptions of andragogy (self-direction, prior experience, readiness to learn and immediacy of application) have a connection to the neural networks related to memory and cognition.
Research limitations/implications
– First, this study provides fundamental foundations for combining cognitive neuroscience and adult learning to illuminate how cognitive neuroscience contributes physiologically to adult learning. Second, the findings in cognitive neuroscience related to the four assumptions for andragogy help to provide scientific explanations and interpretations for adult learning theories influencing human resource development (HRD), such as self-directed learning, experiential learning and role theory.
Practical implications
– First, HRD practitioners could use the integrative approach between andragogy and the cognitive neuroscience to reduce the issues of learning activities in generation differences. In addition, cognitive neuroscience research may contribute to improving teaching and instructional techniques.
Originality/value
– The contributions of this study is that it provides an integrative review about why and how anagogical principles work through the lens of cognitive neuroscience. Based on the findings, we suggested a model of adaptive cognitive neuroscience-adult learning structures.
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50
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Peyroux E, Franck N. Improving Social Cognition in People with Schizophrenia with RC2S: Two Single-Case Studies. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:66. [PMID: 27199776 PMCID: PMC4842761 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in social interactions are a central characteristic of people with schizophrenia, and can be partly explained by impairments of social cognitive processes. New strategies of cognitive remediation have been recently developed to target these deficits. The RC2S therapy is an individualized and partly computerized program through which patients practice social interactions and develop social cognitive abilities with simulation techniques in a realistic environment. Here, we present the results of two case-studies involving two patients with schizophrenia presenting with specific profiles of impaired social cognition. Each patient completed three baseline sessions, 14 treatment sessions, and 3 follow-up sessions at the end of the therapy - and for 1 patient, another 3 sessions 9 months later. We used a multiple baseline design to assess specific components of social cognition according to the patients' profiles. Functioning and symptomatology were also assessed at the end of the treatment and 6 months later. Results highlight significant improvements in the targeted social cognitive processes and positive changes in functioning in the long term. The RC2S program seems, thus, to be a new useful program for social cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Peyroux
- Rehabilitation Department (CL3R), Le Vinatier Hospital, Lyon, France; UMR 5229, Center of Cognitive Neurosciences, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Franck
- Rehabilitation Department (CL3R), Le Vinatier Hospital, Lyon, France; UMR 5229, Center of Cognitive Neurosciences, CNRS, Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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