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Vanwoerden S, Silk JS, Forbes EE, Morgan JK. Current maternal depression associated with worsened children's social outcomes during middle childhood: Exploring the role of positive affect socialization. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:59-69. [PMID: 37865344 PMCID: PMC10872725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression negatively predicts aspects of the mother-child relationship and social functioning in offspring. This study evaluated interrelations between mothers' depression history and current severity with dynamic indices of positive affect socialization and indices of offspring' social outcomes. METHODS N = 66 mother-child dyads in which approximately 50 % of mothers had a history of maternal depression were recruited. Children were 6-8 years old and 47.7 % male. Dyads completed a positive interaction task, which was coded for mother and child positive affect. Mothers and children reported on peer functioning and social problems and children reported on the quality of their best friendships at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Current level of maternal depression, but not depression history, was related to more social problems and lower best friend relationship quality. Indices of positive affect socialization were not related to history or current levels of maternal depression, or social outcomes, with the exception of maternal depression history predicting greater likelihood of mothers joining their children in expressing positive affect. Exploratory, supplementary analysis revealed that this may be due to treatment history among these mothers. LIMITATIONS Conclusions should be tempered by the small sample size, which limited the types of analyses that were conducted. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the effect of maternal depression on aspects of child social outcomes could be specific to current levels. Our data also did not support previously found associations between maternal depression and positive affect socialization. Results suggest positive implications for the effect of treatment for maternal depression for mother-child dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Vanwoerden
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Erika E Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
| | - Judith K Morgan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
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2
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Sisco A, Cohen R. A Short-Term Longitudinal Examination of Willingness to Confide in a Friend about Being Cyber Victimized. J Genet Psychol 2024; 185:65-76. [PMID: 37811804 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2266520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Research consistently documents negative consequences for children who are cyber victims, underscoring the need to examine effective management. Disclosure to friends about cyber victimization is advocated; however, research is limited. The present research examined willingness to disclose to friends about being cyber victimized for fourth graders and evaluated the subsequent frequency of cyber victimization when in grade 5 (N = 207). Three groups in Grade 4 were identified: No Victimization, Victimization/No Tell, and Victimization/Tell. Children in the Victimization/Tell group reported a significantly lower frequency of cyber victimization a year later. The Victimization/No Tell group of children did not report a statistically reduced frequency of cyber victimization. The number of classroom mutual friends was ruled out as an explanation. This research supports the use of a strategy for children confiding with friends to reduce subsequent cyber victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Sisco
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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3
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Goemans A, Viding E, McCrory E. Child Maltreatment, Peer Victimization, and Mental Health: Neurocognitive Perspectives on the Cycle of Victimization. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:530-548. [PMID: 34355601 PMCID: PMC10009486 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk of revictimization across the life span. In childhood, this risk often manifests as peer victimization. Understanding the nature of this risk, and its impact on mental health, is critical if we are to provide effective support for those children who are most vulnerable. A systematic scoping review was conducted using Google Scholar and PsycINFO. Studies on adults, psychiatric, and/or inpatient populations were excluded. Included studies concerned all forms of child maltreatment and peer victimization. We found 28 studies about the association between maltreatment experience and peer victimization as well as peer rejection. We review the evidence documenting the relation between these adverse childhood experiences and mental health. The evidence suggests that maltreatment and peer victimization have additive effects on mental health outcomes. A number of theoretical developmental frameworks that delineate putative mechanisms that might account for an association are considered. Building on prior research, we then discuss the role of recent neurocognitive findings in providing a multilevel framework for conceptualizing mental health vulnerability following maltreatment. In addition, we consider how altered neurocognitive functioning following maltreatment may shed light on why affected children are more likely to be victimized by their peers. Specifically, we consider the threat, reward, and autobiographical memory systems and their role in relation to stress generation, stress susceptibility, and social thinning. Such a mechanistic understanding is necessary if we are to reduce the likelihood of peer victimization in children exposed to maltreatment, and move to a preventative model of mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Goemans
- Leiden University, the Netherlands
- University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eamon McCrory
- University College London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United
Kingdom
- Eamon McCrory, Division of Psychology and
Language Science, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, United
Kingdom.
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Li W, Yang J, Gao L, Wang X. Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescents' Aggression: A Moderated Mediation Model of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Friendship Quality. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:683-692. [PMID: 34730029 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211046550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research has documented that childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk of child aggression. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the relationships between childhood maltreatment and reactive and proactive functions of aggression. Therefore, the present study examined whether callous-unemotional traits mediated the relationships between childhood maltreatment and two subtypes of aggression and whether these mediating processes were moderated by friendship quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2407 adolescents between 11 and 16 years (M age = 12.75, SD = .58) in Shanxi province, China. Participants filled out questionnaires regarding childhood maltreatment, callous-unemotional traits, aggression, and friendship quality. The results indicated that childhood maltreatment was significantly and positively associated with proactive and reactive aggression, and these relationships were partially mediated by callous-unemotional traits after controlling for demographic variables. Friendship quality moderated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and proactive aggression as well as callous-unemotional traits and proactive aggression. These relationships became weaker for adolescents with high levels of friendship quality. Friendship quality did not moderate the effects of childhood maltreatment and callous-unemotional traits on reactive aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- School of Educational Science, 12441Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- School of Educational Science, 12441Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- School of Educational Science, 12441Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xingchao Wang
- School of Educational Science, 12441Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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5
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Does Anybody Care? Conceptualization and Measurement Within the Contexts of Teacher-Student and Peer Relationships. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-022-09702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Guimond FA, Altman R, Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Laursen B. The Interchangeability of Liking and Friend Nominations to Measure Peer Acceptance and Friendship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 46:358-367. [PMID: 36034647 PMCID: PMC9417047 DOI: 10.1177/01650254221084097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Two studies examine the convergence between measures of friendship and measures of liking in the assessment of friendship and peer acceptance. In the first study, 551 (301 boys and 250 girls) Canadian primary school children (ages 8 to 11) nominated friends and liked-most classmates. In the second study, 282 (127 boys and 155 girls) U.S. primary school children (ages 9 to 11) nominated friends and rated classmates on a sociometric preference scale. The results revealed considerable convergence in the assessment of friendship. Most 1st, 2nd, and 3rd ranked friends were also nominated and rated as liked-peers, suggesting that when measures of liking are used to identify friends, few top-ranked friendships are overlooked. There was less convergence in assessments of peer acceptance. Peer acceptance scores derived from friend nominations were more strongly correlated with peer acceptance scores derived from liking nominations than with those derived from sociometric preference ratings. We conclude that liking nominations accurately capture friendships, particularly best friendships. Friend nominations may be a suitable substitute for assessments of liking, but they are a poor substitute for assessments of sociometric preference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Altman
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, United-States
| | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psycho-education, University of Montreal, Canada
- Ste. Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Ste. Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada
| | - Brett Laursen
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, United-States
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7
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The Contributing Role of Family, School, and Peer Supportive Relationships in Protecting the Mental Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 14:776-788. [PMID: 35154501 PMCID: PMC8818094 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractGlobally, mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and adolescents. Previous research has demonstrated that supportive relationships are a key protective factor against poor mental health in children, particularly amongst those who have experienced adversity. However, fewer studies have examined the relative impact of different types of supportive relationships. The current study examined the association between level of family adult support, school adult support, and school peer support and mental wellbeing in a sample of children (age 8–15 years, N = 2,074) from schools in the UK. All three sources of support were independently associated with mental wellbeing. Analyses demonstrated a graded relationship between the number of sources of support and the odds of low mental wellbeing (LMWB), reflecting a cumulative protective effect. While all three sources of support were best, it was not vital, and analyses demonstrated a protective effect of school sources of support on LMWB amongst children with low family support. Peer support was found to be particularly important, with prevalence of LMWB similar amongst children who had high peer support (but low family and school adult support), and those who had high family and school adult support, (but low peer support), indicating that high peer support has an equivalent impact of two other protective factors. Findings from the study highlight the crucial context schools provide in fostering positive peer relationships and supportive teacher–student relationships to promote mental health and resilience for all children, including both those with and without supportive home environments.
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8
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Hassan R, Schmidt LA. Inhibitory control, dyadic social behavior, and mental health difficulties in preschoolers. Child Dev 2021; 93:e251-e265. [PMID: 34967447 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although inhibitory control is typically associated with positive outcomes, several theoretical frameworks suggest that too little and too much inhibitory control may be problematic. Using a longitudinal, latent variable approach, we examined whether a multi-method index of inhibitory control at Time 1 (N = 105, 52 girls, Mage = 3.50 years, 87% White) predicted observed social behavior with an unfamiliar peer and maternal report of preschoolers' mental health difficulties at Time 2 (Mage = 4.76 years). Data collection occurred between 2017 and 2019. Inhibitory control displayed a U-shaped relation with prospective outcomes, where high and low levels of inhibitory control were associated with higher levels of avoidant social behaviors and mental health difficulties. The results are discussed in the context of under- and over-regulation in understanding individual differences in children's social behavior and mental health difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Hassan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Echols L, Ivanich J. From "Fast Friends" to True Friends: Can a Contact Intervention Promote Friendships in Middle School? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:1152-1171. [PMID: 33998093 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The protective role of friendships in middle school is well established, yet no research to date has examined how to build friendships among middle school peers. In the present research, we adapted the Fast Friends procedure for inducing interpersonal closeness to promote friendships among students (n = 301) in middle school. Given the growing diversity in the K-12 population and the benefits of cross-ethnic friendships for ethnic majority and minority youth, we examined whether the intervention was equally effective at fostering same- and cross-ethnic friendships. Results indicated that the intervention successfully increased interpersonal closeness and friendships for participants in both same- and cross-ethnic conditions. Implications for using Fast Friends to promote the healthy social development of adolescent youth are discussed.
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10
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From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Lessons About Traumatic Brain Injury From the Ohio Head Injury Outcomes Study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2021; 35:226-239. [PMID: 31996606 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Ohio Head Injury Outcomes study was a 12-year longitudinal study of early childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). This article reviewed the findings pertaining to caregiver and family functioning and child cognition, behavior, social competence, emotional functioning, and academics. We further considered individual and social-environmental influences on recovery and interventions. SETTING Recruitment was completed at 3 children's hospitals and 1 general hospital. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 3 to 7 years at the time of injury with complicated mild to moderate and severe TBI or orthopedic injury requiring hospitalization were included. DESIGN A concurrent cohort/prospective research design was used. A baseline assessment was completed shortly after the injury. Follow-up assessments were completed at 6, 12, and 18 months and at an average of 38 and 82 months postinjury. MAIN MEASURES At baseline, parents/guardians completed retrospective ratings of their child's behavioral, emotional, and social functioning preinjury. At the subsequent assessments, ratings reflected current functioning. Information about current family and caregiver functioning was collected at each time point and cognitive testing was completed at selected time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Recovery after TBI is complex, varies over time, and involves injury-related and premorbid influences, cognition, genetics, and caregiver and family functioning. A sizable number of children with TBI have persisting unmet clinical needs.
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11
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Mak HW, Fosco GM, Lanza ST. Dynamic Associations of Parent-Adolescent Closeness and Friend Support With Adolescent Depressive Symptoms Across Ages 12-19. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:299-316. [PMID: 33241902 PMCID: PMC8127347 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Supportive relationships with parents and friends reduce adolescent risk for depression; however, whether and how the strength of these associations changes across adolescence remains less clear. Age-varying associations of mother-adolescent and father-adolescent closeness and friend support with depressive symptoms were examined across ages 12.5-19.5 using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 4,819). Positive relationships with mothers, fathers, and friends were associated with lower depressive symptoms across adolescence, and the associations were generally stable across age. The association between father-adolescent closeness and depressive symptoms was stronger for girls than for boys during mid-adolescence. Mother-adolescent closeness was more strongly negatively associated with depressive symptoms in the context of higher friend support during mid-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hio Wa Mak
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gregory M. Fosco
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Stephanie T. Lanza
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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12
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Esposito C, Affuso G, Dragone M, Bacchini D. Effortful Control and Community Violence Exposure as Predictors of Developmental Trajectories of Self-serving Cognitive Distortions in Adolescence: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:2358-2371. [PMID: 32840720 PMCID: PMC7538410 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Self-serving cognitive distortions are biased or rationalizing beliefs and thoughts that originate from the individual persistence into immature moral judgment stages during adolescence and adulthood, increasing the individual’s engagement in antisocial or immoral conducts. To date, the literature examining trajectories of cognitive distortions over time and their precursors is limited. This study sought to fill this gap, by examining effortful control and community violence exposure as individual and environmental precursors to developmental trajectories of cognitive distortions in adolescence. The sample consisted of 803 Italian high school students (349 males; Mage = 14.19, SD = 0.57). Three trajectories of cognitive distortions were identified: (1) moderately high and stable cognitive distortions (N = 311), (2) moderate and decreasing cognitive distortions (N = 363), and (3) low and decreasing cognitive distortions (N = 129). Both low effortful control and high exposure to community violence were significant predictors for moderately high and stable trajectory of cognitive distortions. These results point to the importance of considering moral development as a process involving multiple levels of individual ecology, highlighting the need to further explore how dispositional and environmental factors might undermine developmental processes of morality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Esposito
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gaetana Affuso
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Mirella Dragone
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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13
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Caught in a vicious cycle? Explaining bidirectional spillover between parent-child relationships and peer victimization. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:11-20. [PMID: 30642413 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Relationships with parents and peers are crucial for children's socialization, but how parent-child and peer relationships mutually affect each other is not well understood. Guided by spillover theory, we zoomed in on the bidirectional interplay between parental rejection and warmth on the one hand and peer victimization on the other, and examined whether children's maladjustment symptoms mediated hypothesized cross-domain spillover effects. Data stem from five waves of the longitudinal KiVa study among 9,770 children (50% boys; mean age = 9.16, standard deviation = 1.29). Results from random intercept cross-lagged panel models showed that higher parental rejection and lower parental warmth predicted increases in peer victimization and vice versa across waves, thus supporting the bidirectional model. Moreover, spillover from parent-child rejection and warmth to peer victimization was partially driven by children's depressive symptoms and bullying perpetration. Vice versa, spillover from peer victimization to parent-child rejection and warmth was partially driven by children's social anxiety, depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and bullying perpetration. Thus, children might get caught in persistent problems in two important social domains, and these two domains influence each other through children's maladjustment. Family and school interventions should be integrated to prevent a downwards spiral.
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14
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Terlektsi E, Kreppner J, Mahon M, Worsfold S, Kennedy CR. Peer Relationship Experiences Of Deaf And Hard-Of-Hearing Adolescents. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2020; 25:153-166. [PMID: 32048717 PMCID: PMC7167539 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents (DHH) experience more peer problems and lower levels of friendships than their hearing peers. This study used a qualitative approach to identify their experiences of peer problems and factors influencing them. A sample of 30, 13-19 year-old DHH adolescents with a moderate to profound hearing loss, drawn from a population-based cohort study in which their receptive language and social-emotional skills had been assessed, underwent semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants reported that, overall, they had developed positive and rewarding relationships with their peers, notwithstanding their earlier experience of being bullied. Conflicts and infrequency of interaction in their friendships were mainly reported by girls. Adolescents with moderate hearing loss were identified as facing the same or even more barriers than adolescents with severe to profound hearing loss in making new friends. Implications for educational practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Terlektsi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- School of Education, University of Birmingham
| | - J Kreppner
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton
| | - M Mahon
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, UCL
| | - S Worsfold
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
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15
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Rodkin PC, Hodges EVE. Bullies and Victims in the Peer Ecology: Four Questions for Psychologists and School Professionals. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.2003.12086207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Reyes LM, Jaekel J, Heuser KM, Wolke D. Developmental cascades of social inhibition and friendships in preterm and full‐term children. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M. Reyes
- Department of Child & Family StudiesUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Julia Jaekel
- Department of Child & Family StudiesUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Warwick Coventry UK
| | | | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Warwick Coventry UK
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17
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Healy KL, Sanders MR. Mechanisms Through Which Supportive Relationships with Parents and Peers Mitigate Victimization, Depression and Internalizing Problems in Children Bullied by Peers. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:800-813. [PMID: 29473091 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated how supportive relationships with peers and parents protect children against ongoing victimization, internalizing problems and depression. The longitudinal data set tracked progress of 111 children recruited for the trial of Resilience Triple P, and previously bullied by peers. Informants included children, parents and teachers. Higher levels of facilitative parenting (warm parenting that supports peer relationships) and peer acceptance predicted lower later levels of both depression and victimization over time. Higher levels of child friendedness predicted lower levels of child reports of internalizing problems. Children's friendships, acceptance by same sex peers and facilitative parenting all played moderating roles in protecting against ongoing victimization and internalizing problems. Peer acceptance mediated the relationships between facilitative parenting and victimization. Facilitative parenting mediated the relationship between peer acceptance and depression. It was concluded that supportive relationships with parents and peers play important and complementary roles in protecting children against ongoing victimization and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Healy
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - M R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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18
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Yoon D, Yoon S, Park J, Yoon M. A pernicious cycle: Finding the pathways from child maltreatment to adolescent peer victimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 81:139-148. [PMID: 29734111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the pathways from childhood physical and sexual abuse to adolescent physical and sexual victimization by assessing behavior symptoms (both internalizing and externalizing) and peer popularity as potential mediating variables. The data derive from Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), which tracks the consequences of child abuse and neglect using five study sites across the US. Child physical and sexual abuse was measured at age 12 using self-reports of life-time maltreatment experiences. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed at age 12 using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Peer popularity was assessed at age 14 by teachers. Peer victimization was assessed at age 16 using the modified version of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The results indicated that physical abuse had no direct effect on either physical or sexual peer victimization, whereas sexual abuse had significant direct effect on both physical and sexual victimization. Assessed at age 12, children who had been physically or sexually maltreated were found to have higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These increased symptoms are associated with lower peer popularity at age 14, which in turn is associated with greater physical and sexual peer victimization at age 16. The findings suggest that multiple points for interventions may exist to disrupt the cycle of victimization. Early assessment and treatment for externalizing symptoms and for low peer popularity may be helpful in preventing physical peer victimization among adolescents who have been physically and/or sexually abused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalhee Yoon
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
| | - Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Jiho Park
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Miyoung Yoon
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
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19
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Zhu Y, Chan KL, Chen J. Bullying Victimization Among Chinese Middle School Students: The Role of Family Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:1958-1977. [PMID: 26712355 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515621082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study used the data from a representative sample to investigate the association between family violence (FV) and child bullying victimization (BV) in Xi'an city, China. Data on social demographic information and the prevalence of BV and FV were collected from a randomly selected sample with 3,175 middle school students aged 15 to 17 by self-administrated questionnaires. Results show that 55.9% and 30.3% of the participants have witnessed intimate partner violence (IPV), 37.7% and 30.8% have been victims of child abuse, and 54.9% and 44.6% have been bullied in a lifetime and in the preceding year, respectively. The lifetime and preceding-year co-occurrence rate of FV and BV are 45% and 30.4%, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions confirm FV as a unique risk factor in predicting both direct and relational BV after controlling for a number of confounding factors. This study suggests that FV experiences should be included in the screening and assessment of risk for child BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhu
- 1 Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- 2 The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- 3 School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
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Nick EA, Cole DA, Cho SJ, Smith DK, Carter TG, Zelkowitz RL. The Online Social Support Scale: Measure development and validation. Psychol Assess 2018; 30:1127-1143. [PMID: 29781664 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new measure, the Online Social Support Scale, was developed based on previous theory, research, and measurement of in-person social support. It includes four subscales: Esteem/Emotional Support, Social Companionship, Informational Support, and Instrumental Support. In college and community samples, factor analytic and item response theory results suggest that subtypes of in-person social support also pertain in the online world. Evidence of reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity provide excellent psychometric support for the measure. Construct validity accrues to the measure vis-à-vis support for three hypotheses: (a) Various broad types of Internet platforms for social interactions are differentially associated with online social support and online victimization; (b) similar to in-person social support, online social support offsets the adverse effect of negative life events on self-esteem and depression-related outcome; and (c) online social support counteracts the effects of online victimization in much the same way that in-person friends in one social niche counterbalance rejection in other social niches. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Cole
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Sun-Joo Cho
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Darcy K Smith
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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The Effects of Parent-Child Communication and Empathy on the Friendship Qualities of School-aged Children. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zulauf CA, Sokolovsky AW, Grabell AS, Olson SL. Early risk pathways to physical versus relational peer aggression: The interplay of externalizing behavior and corporal punishment varies by child sex. Aggress Behav 2018; 44:209-220. [PMID: 29368346 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Children who aggress against their peers may use physical or relational forms, yet little research has looked at early childhood risk factors and characteristics that uniquely predict high levels of relational versus physical aggression in preadolescence. Accordingly, the main aim of our study was to link early corporal punishment and externalizing behavior to children's physical and relational peer aggression during preadolescence and to examine how these pathways differed by sex. Participants were 193, 3-year-old boys (39%) and girls who were reassessed following the transition to kindergarten (5.5 years) and preadolescence (10.5 years). A series of autoregressive, cross-lagged path analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between child externalizing problems and corporal punishment at ages 3 and 5.5 years, and their association with physical and relational aggression at age 10.5. Multiple group analysis was used to determine whether pathways differed by sex. Three developmental pathways were identified: (i) direct associations between stable childhood externalizing problems and later physical aggression; (ii) a direct pathway from early corporal punishment to preadolescent relational and physical peer aggression; and (iii) an indirect pathway from early corporal punishment to later physical aggression via continuing externalizing problems in middle childhood. Child sex moderated the nature of these pathways, as well as the direction of association between risk and outcome variables. These data advance our understanding of the etiology of distinct forms of peer aggression and highlight the potential for more efficacious prevention and intervention efforts in the early childhood years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Zulauf
- Psychology Department; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | | | - Adam S. Grabell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Amherst Massachusetts
| | - Sheryl L. Olson
- Psychology Department; The University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
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Schwartz D, Lansford JE, Dodge KA, Pettit GS, Bates JE. Peer Victimization during Middle Childhood as a Marker of Attenuated Risk for Adult Arrest. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:57-65. [PMID: 29143941 PMCID: PMC6381932 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal investigation examined interactions between aggression and peer victimization during middle childhood in the prediction of arrest through the adult years for 388 (198 boys, 190 girls) study participants. As part of an ongoing multisite study (i.e., Child Development Project), peer victimization and aggression were assessed via a peer nomination inventory in middle childhood, and juvenile and adult arrest histories were assessed via a self-report questionnaire as well as review of court records. Early aggression was linked to later arrest but only for those youths who were rarely victimized by peers. Although past investigators have viewed youths who are both aggressive and victimized as a high-risk subgroup, our findings suggest that the psychological and behavioral attributes of these children may mitigate trajectories toward antisocial problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwartz
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) adversely affect long-term functional and social outcomes. Limited research suggests children with TBI are more likely to be victimized by peers than noninjured children. Deficits in social information processing (SIP), cognitive ability, and executive functioning (EF) may contribute to increased victimization risk. This study examined rates of peer victimization/bullying in children with early TBI compared with children with orthopedic injuries (OIs) and the role of processing speed, executive function (EF), and SIP as mediators of the association of TBI and peer victimization. METHOD Children ages 10 to 14 years who sustained a complicated mild/moderate or severe TBI (N = 58) or OI (N = 72) during early childhood (ages 3-7 yr) and their parents participated in a longitudinal prospective follow-up 6.8 years postinjury. SIP, EF and processing speed, and peer victimization were assessed. RESULTS Parents of children with severe TBI reported greater rates of peer victimization than parents of children with OIs. Children with severe TBI demonstrated greater EF deficits than children with complicated mild/moderate TBI or OI and poorer processing speed than children with OI. No significant indirect relationships were found between groups and any outcome variables to indicate mediation. CONCLUSION Based on parent report, children with severe TBI have higher risk of peer victimization than those with less severe injuries. In addition, children with severe TBI have more impaired EF and cognitive ability than counterparts with less severe TBI. Further research is needed to explore predictors of long-term victimization after early TBI to create interventions aimed at providing social, emotional, and behavioral skill building for victimized youth.
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Cole DA, Nick EA, Zelkowitz RL, Roeder KM, Spinelli T. Online Social Support for Young People: Does It Recapitulate In-person Social Support; Can It Help? COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016; 68:456-464. [PMID: 28993715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As social media websites have grown in popularity, public concern about online victimization has grown as well; however, much less attention has focused on the possible beneficial effects of online social networks. If theory and research about in-person social networks pertain, then online social relationships may represent an important modern source of or vehicle for support. In a study of 231 undergraduates, three major findings emerged: (1) for people with weaker in-person social support, social media sites provide a source of social support that is less redundant of the social support they receive in person; (2) in ways that were not redundant of each other, both online and in-person social support were associated with lower levels of depression-related thoughts and feelings, and (3) the beneficial effects of online social support (like in-person social support) offset some of the adverse effects of peer victimization. The study suggests that augmenting social relations via strategic use of social media can enhance young people's social support systems in beneficial ways.
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Wang D, Fletcher AC. The role of interactions with teachers and conflict with friends in shaping school adjustment. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies; The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro North Carolina 27402-6170
| | - Anne C. Fletcher
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies; The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro North Carolina 27402-6170
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Fujikawa S, Ando S, Shimodera S, Koike S, Usami S, Toriyama R, Kanata S, Sasaki T, Kasai K, Okazaki Y, Nishida A. The Association of Current Violence from Adult Family Members with Adolescent Bullying Involvement and Suicidal Feelings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163707. [PMID: 27711150 PMCID: PMC5053540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have reported that child physical abuse increased the risk for bullying involvement, the effect of current violence from adult family members (CVA) on bullying involvement and suicidal feelings among adolescents has not been sufficiently examined. This study investigated the association of CVA with adolescent bullying involvement and the interaction effect of CVA and bullying involvement on suicidal feelings. This cross-sectional study used data from a school-based survey with a general population of adolescents (grades 7 to 12). Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire completed by 17,530 students. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association of CVA with adolescent bullying involvement and suicidal feelings. The overall response rate was 90.2%. The odds of students being characterized as bullies, victims, and bully-victims were higher among adolescents with CVA than without CVA (odds ratios (OR) = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI), [2.3–3.7], 4.6 [3.6–5.8], and 5.8 [4.4–7.6], respectively). Both CVA (OR = 3.4 [95% CI 2.7–4.3]) and bullying (bullies, victims, and bully-victims; OR = 2.0 [95% CI 1.6–2.6], 4.0 [3.1–5.1], 4.1 [3.0–5.6], respectively), were associated with increased odds of current suicidal feelings after adjusting for confounding factors. Furthermore, positive additive effects of CVA and all three types of bullying involvement on suicidal feelings were found. For example, bully-victims with CVA had about 19-fold higher odds of suicidal feelings compared with uninvolved adolescents without CVA. This study, although correlational, suggested that CVA avoidance might prevent bullying involvement and suicidal feelings in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimodera
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Division of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rie Toriyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Kanata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education and Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Andrade BF, Waschbusch DA, King S, Thurston C, McNutt L, Terrio B. Teacher-Classified Peer Social Status: Preliminary Validation and Associations with Behavior Ratings. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/073428290502300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether teacher ratings may be a valid alternative measure of social status in elementary school children, and whether teacher social status ratings are distinct from their disruptive behavior ratings. Participants were 1,596 elementary school children in seven schools in eastern Canada. Teacher ratings of social status and of disruptive behavior were collected for all children, along with positive peer nominations for a large subset. Results showed that children rated by teachers as rejected and ignored received the fewest positive peer nominations, whereas children rated as popular received the most positive nominations. Analyses of covariance showed that inattention was more highly associated with peer problems than was hyperactive-impulsive, oppositional, or conduct problems, but none of these behaviors accounted for the association between teacher-rated social status and peer positive nominations. Results provide preliminary support for the validity of teacher-rated social status in elementary-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lisa McNutt
- Chignecto-Central Regional School Board, Truro, Nova Scotia
| | - Branka Terrio
- Chignecto-Central Regional School Board, Truro, Nova Scotia
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Jensen-Campbell LA, Malcolm KT. The Importance of Conscientiousness in Adolescent Interpersonal Relationships. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016; 33:368-83. [PMID: 17312318 DOI: 10.1177/0146167206296104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research examined how conscientiousness contributes to adolescents' positive peer relationships and vulnerability to poorer ones. Given its temperamental origins in effortful control, conscientiousness was expected to be particularly important. A total of 256 fifth to eighth graders completed personality, peer-relationship, and victimization measures. Peers, parents, and teachers also completed assessments. Adolescents higher on conscientiousness experienced less victimization, better quality friendships, and higher peer acceptance even after controlling for the other Big Five dimensions. Externalizing and/or attention problems mediated the link between conscientiousness and peer relations. Conscientiousness moderated the relation between internalizing problems and poor interpersonal functioning. Results suggest that self-control processes associated with conscientiousness are important in developing and maintaining relationships in adolescence.
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Xu Y, Farver JAM, Schwartz D, Chang L. Social networks and aggressive behaviour in Chinese children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01650250444000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This exploratory study investigated Mainland Chinese children’s social networks and peer group affiliations with a particular emphasis on their aggressive behaviour. The participants were 294 elementary school students in Tianjin, P. R. China (mean age 11.5 years; 161 boys). Social network analysis identified relatively large and gender-specific peer groups. Although different measures were used, the pattern of homophily characteristic of Western aggressive children was partially supported. This finding may be due to the large size of the peer groups. The results showed that some aggressive children formed friendships with nonaggressive children. Moreover, for the aggressive children who were group members, the number of within-group friendships moderated the relation between aggression and overall peer preference. In addition, despite the moderating effect of within-group friendship, the relation between aggression and peer preference remained significantly negative even at the highest levels of friendship. Aggressive children who were isolated from all peer groups had higher hyperactivity ratings and were less liked by peers than were aggressive children who were group members. These findings illustrate how culture may be an influence on patterns of peer group affiliation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Chang
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Xu Y, Farver JAM, Schwartz D, Chang L. Identifying aggressive victims in Chinese children’s peer groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01650250244000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the behavioural profiles and psychosocial adjustment of aggressive victims in Chinese children’s peer groups. Participants were 294 elementary school students in Tianjin, PR China (mean age 11.5 years). Peers’ nominations and teachers’ ratings were combined to form composite scores of aggression and victimisation. A comparison of four subgroups showed that aggressive victims were disliked by peers, rated as hyperactive, had fewer dyadic friends, poorer academic functioning, and lower assertive/prosocial ratings than did nonvictimised aggressors or the normative children. These findings suggest that there may be a common behavioural pattern that is associated with maladjustment among aggressive victims across cultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Chang
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Abstract
Social perceptual ability plays a key role in successful social functioning. Social interactions demand a number of simultaneous skills, one of which is the detection of self-directed gaze. This study demonstrates how the ability to accurately detect self-directed gaze, called the stare-in-the-crowd effect, can be studied using a new eye-tracking paradigm. A set of images was developed to test this effect using a group of healthy undergraduate students. Eye movements and pupil size were tracked while they viewed these images. Participants also completed behavioral measures about themselves. Results show that self-directed gaze results in significantly more looking by participants. Behavioral predictors of gaze behaviors were not identified, likely given the health of the sample. However, correlations with variables are reported to explore in future research.
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Echols L, Graham S. For Better or Worse: Friendship Choices and Peer Victimization Among Ethnically Diverse Youth in the First Year of Middle School. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1862-76. [PMID: 27272516 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As children approach early adolescence, the risk of peer victimization often increases. Many children experience some form of peer victimization during this time, but children who experience chronic victimization may be particularly vulnerable to adjustment difficulties. Thus, identifying risk and protective factors associated with chronic victimization continues to be an important area of research. This study examined the effect of change in the victimization of friends on change in children's own victimization, taking into account the ethnic group representation of children in their classes. Over 3000 6th grade students (52 % female; M = 11.33 years) were drawn from 19 middle schools varying in ethnic composition. Friendships were distinguished by type-reciprocal, desired, and undesired-and a novel methodology for measuring ethnic group representation at the individual level was employed. Multilevel modeling indicated that change in friends' victimization from fall to spring of 6th grade had a differential impact on children's own victimization by friendship type and that the benefits and consequences of change in friends' victimization were especially pronounced for children in the numerical ethnic majority. The findings underscore the role of friendship choices in peer victimization, even if those choices are not reciprocated, and highlight the unique social risks associated with being in the numerical ethnic majority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Echols
- Department of Psychology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA.
| | - Sandra Graham
- Department of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Cuadros O, Berger C. The Protective Role of Friendship Quality on the Wellbeing of Adolescents Victimized by Peers. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1877-88. [PMID: 27230120 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although studies on peer relations acknowledge that having friends constitutes a protective factor against being victimized by peers at school, it is not enough for this factor to operate. The quality of these friendships does play a role too. The present study explored the moderating role of friendship-quality dimensions (closeness, support, disclosure, and affection) on peer victimization and wellbeing. 614 young adolescents (4th to 6th graders, 50.1 % girls) were assessed three times over 1 year. Analyses were conducted to determine moderation effects, differentiated by gender. Results showed that only disclosure and support interact with victimization and affect wellbeing, especially for girls. Implications for studying peer relations, acknowledging gender differences, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Cuadros
- Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Berger
- Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
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Kljakovic M, Hunt C. A meta-analysis of predictors of bullying and victimisation in adolescence. J Adolesc 2016; 49:134-45. [PMID: 27060847 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bullying is common and harms all involved, yet there is no clarity regarding factors that influence bullying and victimisation for adolescent samples. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise the literature and identify reliable risk and protective factors to adolescent bullying and victimisation. A systematic search of the literature using databases; PsycINFO and Scopus, was undertaken to identify relevant publications from 1985 until July 2014. Inclusion criteria included longitudinal data, an adolescent sample and a focus on predictive factors of bullying or victimisation. From 4698 articles identified, 18 were included. Four predictors of victimisation (prior victimisation, conduct problems, social problems and internalising problems) and four predictors of bullying (conduct problems, social problems, school problems and age) were identified. The literature provides little consistency in predictors assessed and replication is needed for clarification, however, social problems and conduct problems are consistent risk factors and a potential focus for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moja Kljakovic
- School of Psychology (A18), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Caroline Hunt
- School of Psychology (A18), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Zosuls KM, Andrews NCZ, Martin CL, England DE, Field RD. Developmental Changes in the Link Between Gender Typicality and Peer Victimization and Exclusion. SEX ROLES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Social Risk and Peer Victimization in Elementary School Children: The Protective Role of Teacher-Student Relationships. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 44:691-703. [PMID: 26338225 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schwartz D, Lansford JE, Dodge KA, Pettit GS, Bates JE. Peer victimization during middle childhood as a lead indicator of internalizing problems and diagnostic outcomes in late adolescence. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 44:393-404. [PMID: 24660666 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2014.881293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined evidence that peer victimization in middle childhood is a lead indicator of internalizing behavior problems and diagnostic outcomes during adolescence. This research was conducted as part of an ongoing multisite longitudinal investigation. The participants were 388 children (198 boys, 190 girls). Peer victimization was assessed with a peer nomination inventory that was administered when the average age of the participants was approximately 8.5 years. Internalizing problems were assessed using a behavior problem checklist completed by mothers in 9 consecutive years, and a structured clinical interview was administered to the participants in the summer following high school graduation (10-11 years after the victimization assessment). Peer victimization in middle childhood was correlated with internalizing problems on a bivariate basis through the late years of adolescence. Multilevel analyses also revealed associations between peer victimization and increases in internalizing problems over time. In addition, peer victimization had a modest link to unipolar depressive disorders in late adolescence. Victimization in the peer group during middle childhood appears to be a marker of long-term risk for internalizing behavior problems and unipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwartz
- a Department of Psychology , University of Southern California
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Tung I, Lee SS. Negative parenting behavior and childhood oppositional defiant disorder: differential moderation by positive and negative peer regard. Aggress Behav 2014; 40:79-90. [PMID: 23918473 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although negative parenting behavior and peer status are independently associated with childhood conduct problems (e.g., oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)), relatively little is known about their interplay, particularly in relation to differentiated measures of positive and negative peer regard. To improve the specificity of the association of negative parenting behavior and peer factors with ODD, we explored the potential interaction of parenting and peer status in a sample of 169 five-to ten-year-old ethnically diverse children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed using multiple measures (i.e., rating scales, interview) and informants (i.e., parents, teachers). Controlling for children's age, sex, number of ADHD symptoms, and parents' race-ethnicity, peer acceptance inversely predicted and inconsistent discipline, harsh punishment, and peer rejection were each positively associated with ODD symptom severity. Interactive influences were also evident such that inconsistent discipline and harsh punishment each predicted elevated ODD but only among children experiencing low peer acceptance or high peer rejection. These findings suggest that supportive environments, including peer acceptance, may protect children from negative outcomes associated with inconsistent discipline and harsh punishment. Findings are integrated with theories of social support, and we additionally consider implications for intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tung
- Department of Psychology; University of California; Los Angeles (UCLA); Los Angeles California
| | - Steve S. Lee
- Department of Psychology; University of California; Los Angeles (UCLA); Los Angeles California
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Lereya ST, Samara M, Wolke D. Parenting behavior and the risk of becoming a victim and a bully/victim: a meta-analysis study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2013; 37:1091-108. [PMID: 23623619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Being bullied has adverse effects on children's health. Children's family experiences and parenting behavior before entering school help shape their capacity to adapt and cope at school and have an impact on children's peer relationship, hence it is important to identify how parenting styles and parent-child relationship are related to victimization in order to develop intervention programs to prevent or mitigate victimization in childhood and adolescence. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on parenting behavior and peer victimization using MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Eric and EMBASE from 1970 through the end of December 2012. We included prospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies that investigated the association between parenting behavior and peer victimization. RESULTS Both victims and those who both bully and are victims (bully/victims) were more likely to be exposed to negative parenting behavior including abuse and neglect and maladaptive parenting. The effects were generally small to moderate for victims (Hedge's g range: 0.10-0.31) but moderate for bully/victims (0.13-0.68). Positive parenting behavior including good communication of parents with the child, warm and affectionate relationship, parental involvement and support, and parental supervision were protective against peer victimization. The protective effects were generally small to moderate for both victims (Hedge's g: range: -0.12 to -0.22) and bully/victims (-0.17 to -0.42). CONCLUSIONS Negative parenting behavior is related to a moderate increase of risk for becoming a bully/victim and small to moderate effects on victim status at school. Intervention programs against bullying should extend their focus beyond schools to include families and start before children enter school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthanna Samara
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston, Upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing (Warwick Medical School), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Kellerman I, Margolin G, Borofsky LA, Baucom BR, Iturralde E. Electronic Aggression Among Emerging Adults: Motivations and Contextual Factors. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2013; 1:293-304. [PMID: 34168919 PMCID: PMC8221574 DOI: 10.1177/2167696813490159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study used quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate contextual factors and motivations associated with emerging adults' electronic aggression victimization and perpetration with friends and dating partners. Participants (N = 226) reported online about electronic aggression occurrence and motivations, family risk, support from friends, and emotion regulation. Males reported more victimization than perpetration overall, whereas females reported more victimization than perpetration only with friends. Jealousy/insecurity emerged as the most common motivation for electronic perpetration; second most common was humor for males and negative emotion for females. Overall, risky family environment was associated with electronic aggression; yet, support from friends and emotion regulation each moderated this association. Discussion addresses potential miscommunications that can occur in electronic communication and the need to look at the interplay between in-person and online interactions.
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Habashy Hussein M. The social and emotional skills of bullies, victims, and bully–victims of Egyptian primary school children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 48:910-21. [DOI: 10.1080/00207594.2012.702908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang W, Li H, Gong Y, Ungar M. Stressful events and depression among Chinese adolescents: The mitigating role of protective factors. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034312472760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the role of salient external factors (family, peer and school caring relations) and internal factors (goals and aspirations, problem solving and self-efficacy, empathy, and self-awareness) in protecting adolescents experiencing interpersonal problems and academic pressure from depression. A total of 1,297 eighth and ninth grade students in Shandong province of Eastern China completed self-report measures. Results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that interpersonal problems and academic pressure predicted depression positively. Peer caring relationships, home caring relationships, goals and aspirations, problem solving and self-efficacy, and self-awareness predicted depression negatively, but empathy did so positively. The interactions of home caring relationships with interpersonal problems, peer caring relationships with academic pressure, and self-awareness with academic pressure were negatively associated with depression. The relationships between interpersonal problems and depression, and academic pressure and depression, were less apparent for adolescents who had higher levels of peer caring relationships, home caring relationships, and self-awareness. The results suggest that school psychologists and counselors should note and build upon positive strengths while providing intervention services for adolescents experiencing depression related to interpersonal problems and academic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Ungar
- Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Canada
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Fitzpatrick S, Bussey K. The Role of Perceived Friendship Self-efficacy as a Protective Factor against the Negative Effects of Social Victimization. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tochigi M, Nishida A, Shimodera S, Oshima N, Inoue K, Okazaki Y, Sasaki T. Irregular bedtime and nocturnal cellular phone usage as risk factors for being involved in bullying: a cross-sectional survey of Japanese adolescents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45736. [PMID: 23029211 PMCID: PMC3446940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A number of studies have tried to identify risk factors for being involved in bullying in order to help developing preventive measures; however, to our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of nocturnal lifestyle behavior such as sleep pattern or cellular phone usage. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between school bullying and sleep pattern or nocturnal cellular phone usage in adolescents. The effect of school size on school bullying was also examined. Methods Data from the cross-sectional survey of psychopathologies conducted for 19,436 Japanese students from 45 public junior high schools (7th–9th grade) and 28 senior high schools (10th–12th grade) were analyzed. Results Bullying status was significantly associated with irregular bedtime (OR = 1.23 and 1.41 for pure bullies and bully-victims, respectively) and e-mail exchange or calling after lights-out (OR = 1.53 and 1.31 for pure bullies and bully-victims, respectively) after controlling domestic violence and substance usage. In addition, school size was significantly associated with the increased risk of bullying in junior high school students (OR = 1.13 for bully-victims). Conclusions The present results suggested that sleep pattern and nocturnal cellular phone usage might be risk factors for being involved in school bullying in adolescents. Although further accumulation of data is needed, progressive trend towards nocturnal lifestyle and increasing usage of cellular phone might impair the well-being of adolescents. School-based interventions for lifestyle including sleep pattern and cellular phone usage may be encouraged to reduce school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Tochigi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Schizophrenia Research, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimodera
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Norihito Oshima
- Office for Mental Health Support, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Health Education, Graduate School of Education and Office for Mental Health Support, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Rosen PJ, Milich R, Harris MJ. Dysregulated negative emotional reactivity as a predictor of chronic peer victimization in childhood. Aggress Behav 2012; 38:414-27. [PMID: 22707083 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relations of dysregulated negative emotional reactivity, emotional distress, and chronic peer victimization in childhood. A model was proposed whereby dysregulated reactivity was directly and indirectly related to concurrent peer victimization through victimization-related emotional distress. The model further proposed that dysregulated reactivity directly incrementally predicted longitudinal peer victimization above and beyond the effect of concurrent victimization. Two hundred thirteen 9- to 13-year-old children and their parents completed measures of dysregulated reactivity and victimization experiences at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Children also related narratives of personal victimization experiences at baseline that were coded to assess victimization-related emotional distress. Model testing strongly supported the direct association of dysregulated reactivity with concurrent victimization and incremental predictive effects of dysregulated reactivity on peer victimization over time. Model testing also provided support for an indirect effect of dysregulated reactivity on concurrent peer victimization through victimization-related emotional distress. This study demonstrated the powerful role that dysregulated negative emotional reactivity plays in the development of chronic peer victimization over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Rosen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences; University of Louisville; Louisville; Kentucky
| | - Richard Milich
- Department of Psychology; University of Kentucky; Lexington; Kentucky
| | - Monica J. Harris
- Department of Psychology; University of Kentucky; Lexington; Kentucky
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The Moderating Effects of Self Control and Social Support in the Relationship between Stress and Problem Behaviors of Children of Divorced Single Parent Families According to Gender. ADONGHAKOEJI 2012. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2012.33.4.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Adult Caregivers’ Behavioral Responses to Child Noncompliance in Public Settings: Gender Differences and the Role of Positive and Negative Touch. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2012. [DOI: 10.5210/bsi.v21i0.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schwartz D, Lansford JE, Dodge KA, Pettit GS, Bates JE. The link between harsh home environments and negative academic trajectories is exacerbated by victimization in the elementary school peer group. Dev Psychol 2012; 49:305-16. [PMID: 22506975 DOI: 10.1037/a0028249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a prospective investigation focusing on the moderating role of peer victimization on associations between harsh home environments in the preschool years and academic trajectories during elementary school. The participants were 388 children (198 boys, 190 girls) who we recruited as part of an ongoing multisite longitudinal investigation. Preschool home environment was assessed with structured interviews and questionnaires completed by parents. Peer victimization was assessed with a peer nomination inventory that was administered when the average age of the participants was approximately 8.5 years. Grade point averages (GPAs) were obtained from reviews of school records, conducted for 7 consecutive years. Indicators of restrictive punitive discipline and exposure to violence were associated with within-subject declines in academic functioning over 7 years. However, these effects were exacerbated for those children who had also experienced victimization in the peer group during the intervening years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California,Seeley G. Mudd 501, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Polychroni F, Hatzichristou C, Sideridis G. The role of goal orientations and goal structures in explaining classroom social and affective characteristics. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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