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Perski O, Nikiel A, Brown J, Shahab L. Personality typologies of smokers and excessive drinkers: a cross-sectional survey of respondents in the BBC Lab UK Study. F1000Res 2024; 11:94. [PMID: 38046540 PMCID: PMC10690036 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.86670.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several personality traits have been linked to addictive behaviours, including smoking and excessive drinking. We hypothesised that the combination of low conscientiousness, high extraversion and high neuroticism would be synergistically associated with smoking, excessive drinking and both behaviours combined. Methods Respondents aged 16+ years ( N=363,454) were surveyed between 2009-2013 as part of the BBC Lab UK Study, with no restrictions on geographical location. Respondents provided information about sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, and smoking and alcohol consumption. A series of multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results No significant three-way but significant two-way interactive effects were observed. The association of high extraversion with smoking was more pronounced in those with high (vs. low) conscientiousness (OR adj=1.51, 95% CI=1.46, 1.56, p<.001; OR adj=1.38, 95% CI=1.35, 1.42, p<.001). The association of high extraversion with excessive drinking was more pronounced in those with low (vs. high) conscientiousness (OR adj=1.70, 95% CI=1.67, 1.74, p<.001; OR adj=1.60, 95% CI=1.56, 1.63, p<.001). The association of high extraversion with both behaviours combined was more pronounced in those with high (vs. low) conscientiousness (OR adj=1.74, 95% CI=1.65, 1.83, p<.001; OR adj=1.62, 95% CI= 1.56, 1.68, p<.001). Results remained largely robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions In a large international survey, we identified two-way 'personality typologies' that are associated with greater odds of smoking, excessive drinking and both behaviours combined. The results may be useful for the tailoring of behaviour change interventions to at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Perski
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Astrid Nikiel
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Wilson D, Ng V, Foster J, Tay L. Character Traits Predict Health and Well-Being beyond Personality. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:116-126. [PMID: 37036124 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2197064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the incremental validity of character in predicting health outcomes and well-being beyond personality traits and investigated the extent to which health-related behaviors mediate the relationship between character and well-being. Findings indicate that several character cores (e.g., transcendence, fortitude) predict well-being, health behaviors, and health outcomes beyond different measures of personality traits, indicating that character is discriminable from personality as indicated by incremental prediction. In particular, fortitude, temperance, transcendence, and sincerity appear to be key players. Implications for character research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Ng
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston
| | - Jeff Foster
- Department of Psychology, Missouri State University, Springfield
| | - Louis Tay
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette
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3
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Kekäläinen T, Karvonen J, Törmäkangas T, Pulkkinen L, Kokko K. Pathways from childhood socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills to midlife health behaviours. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1683-1701. [PMID: 35225111 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2041639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study investigated the pathways from childhood socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills to health behaviours in midlife. Methods: Participants in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS) were followed from age 8 (n = 369) to age 50 (n = 271). Outcomes included physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) assessed at ages 36, 42 and 50. Predictors were socioemotional characteristics (behavioural activity, negative emotionality, and well-controlled behaviour) and parents' occupational status collected at age 8, cognitive skills (school success at age 14 and the highest education at age 27) and adulthood personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness). Longitudinal path modelling was used for analyses. Results: Well-controlled behaviour and extraversion predicted physical activity in women. Behavioural activity predicted alcohol consumption in women and smoking in men. Negative emotionality was not directly connected to health behaviours. Adulthood neuroticism was associated with smoking in men and with alcohol-related problems in both men and women. There were some indirect paths from childhood socioemotional characteristics to midlife health behaviours through cognitive skills. None of the study variables predicted midlife BMI. Conclusions: Childhood socioemotional characteristics have some predictive value on midlife health behaviours, both directly and through cognitive skills. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2022.2041639 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Jenni Karvonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- The Finnish Rheumatism Association, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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4
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Terracciano A, Walker K, An Y, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Moghekar AR, Sutin AR, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. The association between personality and plasma biomarkers of astrogliosis and neuronal injury. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 128:65-73. [PMID: 37210782 PMCID: PMC10247521 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits have been associated with the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, including amyloid and tau. This study examines whether personality traits are concurrently related to plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrogliosis, and neurofilament light (NfL), a marker of neuronal injury. Cognitively unimpaired participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (N = 786; age: 22-95) were assayed for plasma GFAP and NfL and completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, which measures 5 domains and 30 facets of personality. Neuroticism (particularly vulnerability to stress, anxiety, and depression) was associated with higher GFAP and NfL. Conscientiousness was associated with lower GFAP. Extraversion (particularly positive emotions, assertiveness, and activity) was related to lower GFAP and NfL. These associations were independent of demographic, behavioral, and health covariates and not moderated by age, sex, or apolipoprotein E genotype. The personality correlates of astrogliosis and neuronal injury tend to be similar, are found in individuals without cognitive impairment, and point to potential neurobiological underpinnings of the association between personality traits and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Keenan Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Abhay R Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Ahola J, Kokko K, Pulkkinen L, Kekäläinen T. Child socioemotional behavior and adult temperament as predictors of physical activity and sedentary behavior in late adulthood. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1179. [PMID: 37337189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies investigating the association of temperament with physical activity and sedentary behavior have examined children or adolescents, employed cross-sectional or longitudinal designs that do not extend from childhood into adulthood, and utilized self- or parent-reported data on physical activity and sedentary behavior. This longitudinal study investigated whether socioemotional behavior in childhood and temperament in middle adulthood predict accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in late adulthood. METHODS This study was based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS). Socioemotional behavior (behavioral activity, well-controlled behavior, negative emotionality) was assessed at age 8 based on teacher ratings, whereas temperament (surgency, effortful control, negative affectivity, orienting sensitivity) was assessed at age 42 based on self-rating. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed at age 61 using an accelerometer. Data (N = 142) were analyzed using linear regression analysis. RESULTS In women, behavioral activity at age 8 predicted higher levels of daily sedentary behavior at age 61. The association did not remain statistically significant after controlling for participant's occupational status. In addition, women's negative affectivity at age 42 predicted lower daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at age 61, particularly during leisure time. No statistically significant results were observed in men. CONCLUSIONS Although few weak associations of socioemotional behavior and temperament with physical activity and sedentary behavior were detected in women, they were observed over several decades, and thus, deserve attention in future studies. In addition to other factors contributing to physical activity and sedentary behavior, health professionals may be sensitive to individual characteristics, such as a tendency to experience more negative emotions, when doing health counseling or planning for health-promoting interventions targeting physical activity and sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ahola
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Kang W. Personality predicts smoking frequency: An empirical examination separated by sex. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Wright AJ, Jackson JJ. Childhood temperament and adulthood personality differentially predict life outcomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10286. [PMID: 35717439 PMCID: PMC9206675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Debate has long surrounded whether temperament and personality are distinct sets of individual differences or are rather two sides of the same coin. To the extent that there are differences, it could indicate important developmental insights concerning the mechanisms responsible for linking traits with outcomes. One way to test this is to examine the joint and incremental predictive validity of temperament and personality in the same individuals across time. Using a longitudinal sample spanning 3 decades starting at infancy and followed up to 37 years old (N = 7081), we ran a series of Bayesian generalized linear models with measures of childhood temperament and adult-based personality to predict outcomes in several life domains. Results indicated that while each set of individual differences were often related to the same outcomes, there were instances in which temperament provided incremental validity above adult personality, ranging from 2 to 10% additional variance explained. Personality in childhood explained the most variance for outcomes such as cognitive ability and educational attainment whereas personality performed best for outcomes such as health status, substance use, and most internalizing outcomes. These findings indicate childhood and adulthood assessments of personality are not redundant and that a lifespan approach is needed to understand fully understand life outcomes.
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Oshiro CE, Hillier TA, Edmonds G, Peterson M, Hill PL, Hampson S. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Hawaii: Levels and sources of serum vitamin D in older adults. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23636. [PMID: 34213035 PMCID: PMC8720322 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the major sources of vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] and evaluate their collective role on rates of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency among older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and sources of vitamin D (self-reported and objectively validated sun exposure, supplementation, food including fortified sources). Study subjects were part of the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health who completed a clinic visit between 55 and 65 years (M = 59.6) and food frequency questionnaire, and provided serum to assay 25(OH)D (n = 223). RESULTS Although mean serum 25(OH)D levels were overall sufficient (34.3 ng/ml, [SD = 10.9]), over one-third of participants (38%) had vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (<30 ng/ml). Asians were the most likely to be insufficient and Filipinos were the least likely (43% vs. 11%, respectively). Overall, supplement use and sun exposure were both associated with higher 25(OH)D levels and lower risk of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Moreover, Vitamin D sources varied by race/ethnic groups. In multivariate models, higher body mass index, being Asian or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, low supplement use, and low sun exposure were associated with higher risk for vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (<30 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS Over 1/3 of the older adult sample was vitamin D deficient/insufficient, despite most of the participants living in a tropical climate with year-round access to sun as a vitamin D source. Sun exposure and supplement use, but not food intake, explained differences in vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn E. Oshiro
- Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Center for Integrated Health Care Research, 501 Alakawa St. Suite 201, Honolulu, HI 96817
| | - Teresa A. Hillier
- Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Center for Integrated Health Care Research, 501 Alakawa St. Suite 201, Honolulu, HI 96817,Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227-1098
| | - Grant Edmonds
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Missy Peterson
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Patrick L. Hill
- Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1125, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Sarah Hampson
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403
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Personality Associations With Amyloid and Tau: Results From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and Meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:359-369. [PMID: 34663503 PMCID: PMC8792161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, but the underlying neuropathological correlates remain unclear. Our aim was to examine whether personality traits are associated with amyloid and tau neuropathology in a new sample and meta-analyses. METHODS Participants from the BLSA (Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging) completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and underwent amyloid (11C-labeled Pittsburgh compound B) and tau (18F-flortaucipir) positron emission tomography. RESULTS Among cognitively normal BLSA participants, neuroticism was associated with higher cortical amyloid burden (odds ratio 1.68, 95% CI 1.20-2.34), and conscientiousness was associated with lower cortical amyloid burden (odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.86). These associations remained significant after accounting for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, hippocampal volume, and APOE ε4. Similar associations were found with tau in the entorhinal cortex. Random-effects meta-analyses of 12 studies found that higher neuroticism (N = 3015, r = 0.07, p = .008) and lower conscientiousness (N = 2990, r = -0.11, p < .001) were associated with more amyloid deposition. Meta-analyses of 8 studies found that higher neuroticism (N = 2231, r = 0.15, p < .001) and lower conscientiousness (N = 2206, r = -0.14, p < .001) were associated with more tau pathology. The associations were moderated by cognitive status, with stronger effects in cognitively normal compared with heterogeneous samples, suggesting that the associations between personality and proteopathies are not phenomena that emerge with neuropsychiatric clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS By aggregating results across samples, this study advances knowledge on the association between personality and neuropathology. Neuroticism and conscientiousness may contribute to resistance against amyloid and tau neuropathology.
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Oltmanns JR, Ruggero C, Miao J, Waszczuk M, Yang Y, Clouston SAP, Bromet EJ, Luft BJ, Kotov R. The Role of Personality in the Mental and Physical Health of World Trade Center Responders: Self- versus Informant-Reports. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 1:10.31234/osf.io/c4gbf. [PMID: 36407479 PMCID: PMC9670015 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/c4gbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Personality is linked to important health outcomes, but most prior studies have relied on self-reports, making it possible that shared-method variance explains the associations. The present study examined self- versus informant-reports of personality and multi-method outcomes. World Trade Center (WTC) responders and informants, 283 pairs, completed five-factor model personality measures and multi-method assessments of stressful events, functioning, mental disorders, 9/11-related treatment costs, BMI, and daily activity across three years. Self-reports were uniquely related to stressful events and functioning. Both self-reports and informant-reports showed incremental validity over one another for mental disorder diagnoses and treatment costs. For objective outcomes daily activity and BMI, informant-reports showed incremental validity over self-reports, accounting for all self-report variance and more. The findings suggest that informant-reports of personality provide better validity for objective health outcomes, which has implications for understanding personality and its role in mental and physical health.
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11
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Pilch I, Wardawy P, Probierz E. The predictors of adaptive and maladaptive coping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Protection Motivation Theory and the Big Five personality traits. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258606. [PMID: 34665837 PMCID: PMC8525766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the constructs proposed by two influential theoretical frameworks: the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Big Five (B5) model of personality in predicting health-related coping behavior during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Both adaptive (i.e., preventive) and maladaptive (i.e., avoidant behavior and wishful thinking) coping behavior was measured. The study was conducted during the first wave of the pandemic. The sample consisted of 397 persons from the general Polish population. The findings provided strong support for the PMT constructs' predictive value, especially with regard to pandemic-related adaptive behavior. The B5 personality traits accounted for a small proportion of the variability of coping behavior, especially when maladaptive behavior was the outcome. The PMT model showed incremental validity over and above demographic variables and personality traits in predicting preventive behavior, avoidant behavior, and wishful thinking; however, the patterns of relationships differ across the types of coping behavior. According to the current results, to increase adherence to preventive measures during an epidemic, all the PMT constructs should be considered while persuasive communication to the public is formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pilch
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Wardawy
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eryka Probierz
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality traits and health are strongly correlated, but unobserved family-level characteristics may confound this relationship. This study investigates whether associations between personality traits and physical health are spurious owing to unobserved family background. DESIGN Participants were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. This study employed sibling fixed-effect approach to account for unobserved family characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main dependent variables were Framingham Risk Scores for 30-year full cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Sibling fixed-effects models showed that conscientiousness is associated with reductions in CVD risk and metabolic syndrome, and that neuroticism is associated with an increase in both conditions. A higher extraversion score is positively associated with CVD risk. The adverse effect of extraversion on CVD risk is larger among females, and the protective effect of conscientiousness is larger among males. Moreover, while extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness are associated with health behaviours in somewhat distinct ways, the associations for agreeableness and openness are spurious owing to unobserved family background. CONCLUSION This study ruled out the concern that unobserved family background drives the personality-physical health link. Mechanisms linking personality to physical health may be gendered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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James R, Walsh D, Ferguson E. Using heterogeneity in disease to understand the relationship between health and personality. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:1582-1595. [PMID: 33970710 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1903057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between two health outcomes (pain and self-reported health) and personality while accounting for heterogeneity in arthritic disease. Traditionally health research has treated patients' disease experiences as homogeneous but stratified medicine suggests that doing so might over-generalise findings and miss important effects. We present a longitudinal analysis over 14 years, on a subsample of 443 arthritic respondents from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Using linear regressions, we modelled how the Big Five domains of personality (wave 5) moderated the relationship between past (at wave 1) and present health (at wave 7). Then, to model heterogeneity in arthritis experience we included assignment to 4 different sub-groups based on their experience of pain progression. The results showed that modelling heterogeneity led to the identification of specific stratified effects for personality (neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion) not observed when these data are treated as homogenous. Higher agreeableness was associated with worse pain for those in a sub-group reporting the greatest pain, and higher extraversion was protective against pain among those whose pain improved. The results highlight the importance of modelling heterogeneity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Walsh
- Versus Arthritis Pain Centre, Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Versus Arthritis Pain Centre, Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Zhu X, Wang F, Geng Y. Machiavellianism on quality of life: The role of lifestyle, age, gender, social support. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Tacheva Z, Ivanov A. Exploring the Association Between the "Big Five" Personality Traits and Fatal Opioid Overdose: County-Level Empirical Analysis. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e24939. [PMID: 33683210 PMCID: PMC7985797 DOI: 10.2196/24939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid-related deaths constitute a problem of pandemic proportions in the United States, with no clear solution in sight. Although addressing addiction-the heart of this problem-ought to remain a priority for health practitioners, examining the community-level psychological factors with a known impact on health behaviors may provide valuable insights for attenuating this health crisis by curbing risky behaviors before they evolve into addiction. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is twofold: to demonstrate the relationship between community-level psychological traits and fatal opioid overdose both theoretically and empirically, and to provide a blueprint for using social media data to glean these psychological factors in a real-time, reliable, and scalable manner. METHODS We collected annual panel data from Twitter for 2891 counties in the United States between 2014-2016 and used a novel data mining technique to obtain average county-level "Big Five" psychological trait scores. We then performed interval regression, using a control function to alleviate omitted variable bias, to empirically test the relationship between county-level psychological traits and the prevalence of fatal opioid overdoses in each county. RESULTS After controlling for a wide range of community-level biopsychosocial factors related to health outcomes, we found that three of the operationalizations of the five psychological traits examined at the community level in the study were significantly associated with fatal opioid overdoses: extraversion (β=.308, P<.001), neuroticism (β=.248, P<.001), and conscientiousness (β=.229, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Analyzing the psychological characteristics of a community can be a valuable tool in the local, state, and national fight against the opioid pandemic. Health providers and community health organizations can benefit from this research by evaluating the psychological profile of the communities they serve and assessing the projected risk of fatal opioid overdose based on the relationships our study predict when making decisions for the allocation of overdose-reversal medication and other vital resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmina Tacheva
- School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Anton Ivanov
- Department of Business Administration, Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
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Diligent and disagreeable? The influence of personality on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence for obstructive sleep apnea. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05594. [PMID: 33305033 PMCID: PMC7708936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CPAP is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), though low adherence rates limit its benefits. Previous research has linked personality to a range of health behaviours including CPAP adherence. In keeping with these findings it was hypothesised that CPAP adherence would be positively correlated with conscientiousness and negatively correlated with emotionality. The present study also tested for an interaction between conscientiousness and emotionality as well as investigating the relationship between personality facets and adherence. Participants were 110 adults, diagnosed with OSA. After approximately one month's treatment, average nightly usage for the previous week was downloaded from the CPAP device. Participants also completed the HEXACO Personality Inventory – revised. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant relationship between CPAP adherence and conscientiousness or emotionality and no significant interaction. However, the diligence facet of conscientiousness showed a significant positive correlation with CPAP adherence (r = .23, p < .05). Unanticipated negative correlations were also found between CPAP adherence and agreeableness and two of its facets: gentleness (r = –.33, p < .01) and patience (r = –.22, p < .05). The results provide support for an association between CPAP adherence and personality. It is recommended that future research focus on facet level measurement, in particular the personality facets associated with conscientiousness and agreeableness.
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Hong RY, Paunonen SV. Personality traits and health‐risk behaviours in university students. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Relations between personality and health‐risk behaviours in university undergraduates were examined using multiple measures of personality across multiple samples (N = 1151). Big Five personality variables, at both factor and facet levels, were used to predict three specific health‐risk behaviours: (a) tobacco consumption, (b) alcohol consumption and (c) speeding in an automobile. Our findings showed that low Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness were uniformly associated with this cluster of potentially health damaging behaviours. Extraversion was additionally associated with alcohol use. Interaction effects were found between Conscientiousness and Agreeableness on smoking and (for men only) on drinking. Other personality variables not centrally related to the Big Five, such as Risk‐Taking (high) and Integrity (low), were also implicated in the present health‐risk behaviours. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Y. Hong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Armon G, Melamed S, Shirom A, Shapira I, Berliner S. Personality Traits and Body Weight Measures: Concurrent and Across–Time Associations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We tested the possibility that the five–factor model of personality is associated with three measures of body weight and with changes in their levels over time and that these associations are gender specific. The study was conducted at two points of time, Time 1 (2664 participants) and Time 2 (1492 participants), over approximately 4 years, controlling for gender, age, education, and having a chronic disease. Body weight was assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, waist–to–hip ratio, and the five–factor model by Saucier's Mini–Markers. Cross–sectional regression results indicated that conscientiousness was negatively associated with the three body weight measures, whereas neuroticism and extraversion were positively associated with the three body weight measures. The longitudinal regression results indicate that extraversion was associated with an increase in two of the body weight measures. Neuroticism was associated with increase in all three body weight measures and more strongly for women than for men. Openness was associated with a decrease in all three body weight measures for women, but this association was not significant for men. These findings help identify personality traits that lead to risk of weight gain and point to the modifying role of gender. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Armon
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samuel Melamed
- School of Behavioral Science, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Shirom
- Faculty of Management, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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The Distressed personality type: replicability and general health associations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Distressed personality type, identified in a cardiac population, confers risk for worse cardiac outcomes. Whether such a class of persons is identifiable in general patient populations, as well as its health correlates, remains unknown. We investigated these questions in a sample of 482 older primary care patients. Mixture structural equation modelling revealed that a Distressed Type was identifiable in Five Factor Model (FFM) personality data and associated with higher levels of medically documented multimorbidity, and worse subjective health ratings, physician assessed physical functioning and interviewer rated psychosocial functioning. In models including paths from outcomes to both traits and types, traits and types were independently associated with health outcomes, pointing towards the value of considering both approaches in epidemiologic personology research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Wood EK, Kruger R, Cash E, Lindell SG, Schwandt ML, Barr CS, Suomi SJ, Higley JD. Early life temperamental anxiety is associated with excessive alcohol intake in adolescence: A rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12825. [PMID: 31670432 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Teenage alcohol abuse is a major health concern, particularly because the majority of alcohol consumed by teenagers is via binge drinking, a known risk factor for increasing the likelihood for the development of future alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Identifying individuals at risk for excessive alcohol intake in adolescence is a step toward developing effective preventative measures and intervention programs. As adults with AUDs tend to self-medicate their anxiety with alcohol, this longitudinal study assesses the role of infant anxiety-like temperament in the development of adolescent alcohol abuse using a nonhuman primate model. From birth until they were 5 months of age, behaviors of 64 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were coded twice a week using an objective mother-infant scoring system that included behaviors traditionally used to assess anxiety and fearfulness in rhesus monkeys. When subjects were four months old, plasma cortisol was obtained. When subjects were adolescents (Mage = 44.88 months), another plasma cortisol sample was obtained about one month prior to allowing them unfettered access to an 8.4% (v/v) aspartame-sweetened alcohol solution for one hour a day over five-to-seven weeks. Results showed that behavioral indications of anxiety-like temperament in infancy, including high levels of mother-infant mutual ventral contact, low levels of environmental exploration, and low levels of interactions with peers were predictive of high adolescent alcohol intake (ie, drinking to intoxication). Plasma cortisol levels in infancy were positively correlated with plasma cortisol in adolescence, and both were positively correlated with high adolescent alcohol intake. Our findings indicate that high levels of traditional anxiety-like behaviors measured in the context of mother-infant interactions, coupled with high infant and adolescent plasma cortisol, are associated with binge-like high alcohol intake in adolescence, suggesting that individuals at risk for developing an AUD later in life may be determined, at least in part, by assessing their physiological and behavioral propensity for anxiety early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Wood
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Ryno Kruger
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Elysha Cash
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Stephen G. Lindell
- Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH Rockville Maryland 20852 USA
- Laboratory of Clinical Studies National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Laboratory of Clinical Studies National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Christina S. Barr
- Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH Rockville Maryland 20852 USA
- Laboratory of Clinical Studies National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Stephen J. Suomi
- Section of Comparative Ethology Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH Poolesville Maryland 20837 USA
| | - J. Dee Higley
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
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21
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Personality and self-rated health across eight cohort studies. Soc Sci Med 2020; 263:113245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Javaras KN, Armstrong JM, Klein MH, Essex MJ, Davidson RJ, Goldsmith HH. Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Childhood Self-Regulation and Adolescent Adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1761-1769. [PMID: 32767554 PMCID: PMC7483948 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests that higher childhood self-regulation (CSR) predicts lower adiposity in adolescence. However, it is unclear whether this relationship differs by sex or by baseline weight status. Thus, this study investigated these questions in a longitudinal, community-based cohort. METHODS The cohort included 221 girls and 214 boys. At age 9, CSR was assessed via parent/teacher reports of effortful control, and childhood BMI z scores (BMIz) were calculated from staff measurements. Late-adolescent waist-to-height ratio was based on staff measurements at age 18. RESULTS CSR has a small inverse correlation with concurrent childhood BMIz in girls, but not in boys. Prospectively, however, CSR has a small inverse association with late-adolescent weight-to-height ratio in both sexes, after adjusting for childhood BMIz and other childhood predictors. This prospective association is marginally stronger for girls with higher (vs. lower) childhood BMIz. CONCLUSIONS CSR inversely predicts changes in adiposity across adolescence in both sexes, with some evidence that this association is stronger for girls with higher (vs. lower) childhood adiposity. However, this inverse association between CSR and adiposity may emerge earlier in girls. Future research should examine the causal status of CSR and its relationship to behaviors (e.g., diet).
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Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Javaras
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychology, 1202 E. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, United
States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA
02115, United States
- Corresponding author
()
| | - Jeffrey M. Armstrong
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychiatry, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Marjorie H. Klein
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychiatry, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Marilyn J. Essex
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychiatry, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychology, 1202 E. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - H. Hill Goldsmith
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of
Psychology, 1202 E. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
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Khan SIR, Rao D, Ramachandran A, Ashok BV, Alfadley A. Influence of Neuroticism on the Prognosis of Nanoceramic and Microhybrid Composite Restoration: A Comparative 1-year Clinical Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:613-621. [PMID: 33282771 PMCID: PMC7685270 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_274_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of nanoceramic and microhybrid-based composite restorations in adult patients with different personality traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were asked to complete the BFI (Big Five Inventory) questionnaire. Of a total of 323 patients, 124 (67 males and 57 females) patients were categorized into agreeableness and neuroticism traits and were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two subgroups: SG I A (n = 31) and II A (n = 31) for microhybrid composite (Spectrum TPH 3, Dentsply/DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), SG I B (n = 31) and II B (n = 32) for nanoceramic composite restorations (Ceram X mono, Dentsply/DeTrey, Germany). At baseline, 6 and 12 months, the restorations were evaluated using the Modified USPHS (United States Public Health Service) evaluation criteria. The Pearson chi-square and the Fisher's exact test were used to assess the difference between the personality traits and restorative material groups where a probability value of P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULT Most of the restorations scored alfa (A), whereas very few scored bravo (B) in all the subgroups. However, there were no charlie (C) or delta (D) scores. Overall, Spectrum TPH and Ceram x mono displayed superior performances in retention and postoperative sensitivity than all the other clinical parameters. Furthermore, Ceram x mono restorations showed more surface roughness than Spectrum TPH. No statistical differences in the restoration performance were found between both personalities and restorative material types. CONCLUSION Although neuroticism has an effect on various health outcomes, its impact on the clinical performance of composite restorations during the follow-up period was not observed. In addition, there was no difference between the performance of nanohybrid and microhybrid composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulthan Ibrahim Raja Khan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Pacific Dental College, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Rao
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Pacific Dental College, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Ramachandran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Chettinad Dental College, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhaskaran Veni Ashok
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulmohsen Alfadley
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Neuroticism and cyberchondria: The mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty and defensive pessimism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chow PI, Shaffer KM, Lohman MC, LeBaron VT, Fortuna KL, Ritterband LM. Examining the relationship between changes in personality and depression in older adult cancer survivors. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1237-1245. [PMID: 30939904 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1594158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Despite widespread agreement that personality traits change across the lifespan into older adulthood, the association between changes in personality and depression among older adult cancer survivors is unknown. It was hypothesized that older adults with (vs. without) a past cancer diagnosis would experience an increase in neuroticism, and decreases in conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and extraversion, and that changes in these traits would mediate the relationship between receiving a cancer diagnosis and change in depression. Two hypotheses were tested in a cancer survivor sample. First, that increased chronic stressors and decreased physical health would mediate the link between personality change and increased depression. Second, that personality change would mediate the link between changes in chronic stressors/health and increased depression.Method: Secondary data analysis utilizing three waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study. Data was compiled from 5,217 participants, among whom 707 received a cancer diagnosis.Results: Older adults with (vs. without) a cancer diagnosis decreased in conscientiousness, which was associated with increased depression. Among cancer survivors, worsening chronic stressors/health mediated many pathways between personality change and an increased depression. Increased neuroticism mediated the link between worsening health/chronic stressors and increased depression.Conclusion: With the exception of conscientiousness, changes in personality did not mediate the link between cancer survivor status and depression. Among older adult cancer survivors, changes in personality traits may increase depression through worsening physical health and chronic stressors, potentially informing targeted interventions. Interventions that target increased neuroticism may be particularly useful in older adult cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip I Chow
- Center for Behavioral Health and Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kelly M Shaffer
- Center for Behavioral Health and Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew C Lohman
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Virginia T LeBaron
- University of Virginia, School of Nursing, Acute and Specialty Care, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Karen L Fortuna
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Lee M Ritterband
- Center for Behavioral Health and Technology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Lee C, Gao M, Ryff CD. Conscientiousness and Smoking: Do Cultural Context and Gender Matter? Front Psychol 2020; 11:1593. [PMID: 32733344 PMCID: PMC7358448 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have found that conscientiousness has a protective effect against smoking, but evidence for this relationship mostly comes from Western contexts. In societies where smoking is pervasive and less stigmatized, the protective effect of conscientiousness on smoking may be less evident. Moreover, whether smoking is viewed as normal or deviant also may vary by gender norms attached to smoking. Using surveys of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) and Japan (MIDJA), we examined patterns in the association between conscientiousness and smoking status (never, former, current) for men and women. We found that in the United States, where the social unacceptability of smoking has dramatically increased, there is an inverse association between conscientiousness and smoking status for both genders. In Japan, where the stigma attached to smoking operates for women but not men, the association between conscientiousness and smoking status varies by gender. For Japanese men, levels of conscientiousness do not differ across smoking statuses. For Japanese women, those who formerly smoked show lower levels of conscientiousness than those who never smoked and those who currently smoke. We interpret these findings in light of differing cultural and historical backgrounds of smoking for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioun Lee
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Chioun Lee,
| | - Manjing Gao
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Woods SA, Edmonds GW, Hampson SE, Lievens F. How Our Work Influences Who We Are: Testing a Theory of Vocational and Personality Development over Fifty Years. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020; 85. [PMID: 34326561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the developmental influences of occupational environments on personality traits from childhood to adulthood. We test aspects of a theory of vocational and personality development, proposing that traits develop in response to work experience following corresponsive and noncorresponsive mechanisms. We describe these pathways in the context of situations of vocational gravitation and inhabitation. In a sample from the Hawaii personality and health cohort (N = 596), we examined associations of childhood and adulthood personality traits, with occupational environments profiled on the RIASEC model. Mediations tests confirmed that work influenced personality development from childhood to adulthood for Openness/Intellect. We observed multiple reactivity effects of occupation environments on adulthood traits that were not associated with corresponding selection effects.
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Ormel J, Cuijpers P, Jorm A, Schoevers RA. What is needed to eradicate the depression epidemic, and why. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2019.200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a critical transition point for body weight. Personality traits are associated consistently with weight and obesity risk in adulthood. We examined whether personality, particularly Conscientiousness (the tendency to be organized, disciplined, and responsible), is associated with weight outcomes between ages 13 and 17. Methods: Data are drawn from the Growing Up in Ireland suites of studies. Parents rated their child's personality at age 13, and trained staff measured weight and height at ages 13 and 17 (N = 4962). Logistic regression was used to predict risk of incident obesity and obesity remission between ages 13 and 17. Results: Among children who were not in the obesity category at age 13, higher Conscientiousness was associated with lower risk of moving into the obesity category by age 17, and, among children with obesity at age 13, Conscientiousness was associated with greater likelihood of moving to the nonobesity category by age 17. These associations were independent of sociodemographic characteristics, parent body mass index, and were similar across gender. The other five-factor model personality traits were unrelated to weight outcomes. Conclusions: Conscientiousness is one trait psychological factor implicated in weight transitions across a critical period during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R. Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL.,Address correspondence to: Angelina R. Sutin, PhD, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115W Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | | | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL
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30
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O’Connor DB. The future of health behaviour change interventions: opportunities for open science and personality research. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 14:176-181. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1707107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rodríguez-Enríquez M, Bennasar-Veny M, Leiva A, Yañez AM. Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption, Personality, and Cybervictimization among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173123. [PMID: 31466216 PMCID: PMC6747350 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying has emerged as a public health problem. Personality may play an important role in substance use and cybervictimization. The aim of this study was to examine whether tobacco and alcohol consumption and personality traits are associated with cybervictimization in Spanish adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 765 secondary students (aged 14–16) from 16 secondary schools in Spain. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics; tobacco and alcohol consumption; cybervictimization (Garaigordobil Scale); and personality traits (Big Five Questionnaire). A logistic regression model controlling for sex, age, parental education and personality traits was used to determine the independent associations and interactions between tobacco and alcohol consumption and cybervictimization. The results indicate that a total of 305 adolescents (39.9%) reported that they were cyberbullied in the past year. Girls were more likely to be cyberbullied than boys. Cybervictims had a significantly greater monthly alcohol consumption (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.05–2.15), higher scores for extraversion (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.06–1.63) and emotional instability (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.27–1.83); as well as lower scores for conscientiousness (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.63–0.95). These results suggest that personality traits and alcohol consumption are independently associated with cybervictimization. Our study suggests the existence of underlying common personality factors for cybervictimization and alcohol and tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Paseig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bennasar-Veny
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa, Km 7,5, 07122 Palma, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Leiva
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, C/Escuela Graduada, 3, 07002 Palma, Spain
| | - Aina M Yañez
- Research Group on Global Health & Human Development, Balearic Islands University, Cra. de Valldemossa, Km 7,5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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Schulz JT, Shapiro GD, Acton A, Fidler P, Marino ME, Jette A, Schneider JE, Kazis LE, Ryan CM. The Relationship of Level of Education to Social Reintegration after Burn Injury: A LIBRE Study. J Burn Care Res 2019; 40:696-702. [PMID: 31067572 PMCID: PMC10108574 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Social and emotional recovery from burn injury is a complex process impacted by both clinical and social factors. Because level of education (LOE) has been correlated to overall health, health outcomes, and life expectancy, we questioned whether LOE might be associated with successful social recovery after burn injury. The Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) data set served as a novel tool to explore this question. The LIBRE project is a collaborative effort designed to provide a clinical yardstick for social reintegration among burn survivors. After institutional review board approval, 601 burn survivor respondents, aged 18 or over with >5% TBSA burn were surveyed and a six-scale, 126-item LIBRE Profile was derived from their responses. LOE was collapsed into four categories ranging from less than high school equivalency certificate to graduate degree. Impact of burn injury on subsequent LOE was examined by splitting the sample into those burned at age 30 years or less and those burned at greater than 30 years of age. Regression models were run to estimate associations between education and scale scores with adjustment for age at injury, sex, marital status, work status, TBSA, and time since burn. Regression models were run on the entire cohort and then stratified by age at burn injury (≤30 vs >30). Among all subjects, we found an association between LOE and social recovery as measured by LIBRE scale scores. This association was contributed entirely from the cohort burned at age 30 or less: for those burned at greater than age 30, there was no association between LOE and social recovery. Of particular interest, the distribution of LOE among those burned at ≤ 30 was very similar to LOE distribution in both millennials and in the U.S. population at large. LOE appears to be associated with social recovery for those burned at younger ages but not for those burned at over age 30. More importantly, burn injury during schooling may have no impact on a survivor's educational trajectory since distribution of LOE in our ≤30 cohort mirrors that of the general population. LOE and age at burn injury may provide a quick screen for survivors at risk of difficult social reintegration, allowing providers to target those at risk with additional peer support and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Schulz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Allen Jette
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Lewis E Kazis
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Damian RI, Luchetti M, Strickhouser JE, Terracciano A. Five-factor model personality traits and verbal fluency in 10 cohorts. Psychol Aging 2019; 34:362-373. [PMID: 31070400 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits, such as Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, are associated with cognitive outcomes across the life span, including cognitive function in young adulthood and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in old age. Research on personality and age-related cognition has focused primarily on memory-related tasks and outcomes. The purpose of this research is to address the relation between Five Factor Model personality traits and another critical marker of cognitive function that has received less attention-verbal fluency. We examine this relation across adulthood in 10 cohorts (11 samples) that totaled more than 90,000 participants (age range 16-101). Participants in all samples reported on their personality traits and completed at least one fluency task (semantic and/or letter). A meta-analysis of semantic fluency (N = 86,044) indicated that participants who scored lower in Neuroticism, and higher in Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness, retrieved more words, independent of age, gender, and education. These associations generally replicated for the letter fluency task (3 samples; N = 11,551). Moderation analysis indicated that the associations between personality and semantic fluency were stronger in older samples (except for Openness) and among individuals with lower education. This pattern suggests that these associations are stronger in groups vulnerable to severe cognitive impairment. Personality traits have pervasive associations with fluency tasks that are replicable across samples and age groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine
| | - Jason E Strickhouser
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine
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Macy JT, O'Rourke HP, Seo DC, Presson CC, Chassin L. Adolescent tolerance for deviance, cigarette smoking trajectories, and premature mortality: A longitudinal study. Prev Med 2019; 119:118-123. [PMID: 30594535 PMCID: PMC6422343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a well-established cause of excess morbidity and mortality in the United States and globally. The current study builds on the existing literature by examining how smoking trajectories might be a mechanism through which adolescent tolerance for deviance predicts premature all-cause and tobacco-specific mortality. Participants were from a cohort-sequential study conducted in the Midwestern United States of the natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence through midlife that collected nine waves of data from 1980 to 2011. For the current study, we selected participants who were measured at least once at age 18 or older and who did not die before age 24 (n = 7575). Participants' tolerance for deviance was assessed in adolescence, smoking trajectory group was based on self-reported smoking status during the first six waves of data collection, and cause of death for deceased participants (n = 222) was obtained from the National Death Index. Mediation analyses using the joint significance test were conducted separately for all-cause mortality and tobacco-specific mortality. Adolescent tolerance for deviance significantly predicted smoking trajectory group over and above the influence of covariates. Adolescents with higher tolerance for deviance were more likely to belong to any smoking trajectory group compared to abstainers, and membership in a smoking trajectory group characterized by early onset and heavy, persistent smoking was related to premature all-cause and tobacco-specific mortality. Finally, smoking trajectory group was a significant mediator of the relation between adolescent tolerance for deviance and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Macy
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E 7(th) St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America.
| | - Holly P O'Rourke
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Box 873701, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E 7(th) St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America
| | - Clark C Presson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
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Terracciano A, Stephan Y, Sutin AR. Omega-3 fatty acid: A promising pathway linking personality and health. J Psychosom Res 2018; 111:50-51. [PMID: 29935754 PMCID: PMC6348478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Luchetti M, Terracciano A, Stephan Y, Sutin AR. Alcohol use and personality change in middle and older adulthood: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study. J Pers 2018; 86:1003-1016. [PMID: 29357105 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality is known to predict alcohol consumption, but how alcohol use is related to personality change is less clear, especially at older ages. The present study examined the effects of level of alcohol consumption and history of dependence on change in the Five-Factor Model personality traits in a national cohort of Americans aged over 50. METHOD Over 10,000 adults who participated in 2006-2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study reported on personality and alcohol use and were followed over 4 years. RESULTS Latent difference score models indicated decreases in Extraversion to be attenuated for individuals categorized as light-to-moderate drinkers at baseline, whereas decreases in Conscientiousness were accentuated by having experienced alcohol dependence symptoms. Moreover, personality difference scores correlated with changes in the amount of alcohol consumed at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that patterns of alcohol consumption are associated with changes in personality across the second half of the life span.
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Terracciano A, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Gonzalez-Rothi R, Sutin AR. Personality and Lung Function in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:913-921. [PMID: 26786321 PMCID: PMC5926981 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung disease is a leading cause of disability and death among older adults. We examine whether personality traits are associated with lung function and shortness of breath (dyspnea) in a national cohort with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHOD Participants (N = 12,670) from the Health and Retirement Study were tested for peak expiratory flow (PEF) and completed measures of personality, health behaviors, and a medical history. RESULTS High neuroticism and low extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with lower PEF, and higher likelihood of COPD and dyspnea. Conscientiousness had the strongest and most consistent associations, including lower risk of PEF less than 80% of the predicted value (OR = 0.67; 0.62-0.73) and dyspnea (OR = 0.52; 0.47-0.57). Although attenuated, the associations remained significant when accounting for smoking, physical activity, and chronic diseases including cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders. The associations between personality and PEF or dyspnea were similar among those with or without COPD, suggesting that psychological links to lung function are not disease dependent. In longitudinal analyses, high neuroticism (β = -0.019) and low conscientiousness (β = 0.027) predicted steeper declines in PEF. DISCUSSION A vulnerable personality profile is common among individuals with limited lung function and COPD, predicts shortness of breath and worsening lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee
| | - Yannick Stephan
- Department of Sport Sciences, Psychology and Medicine, University of Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ricardo Gonzalez-Rothi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee
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Artese A, Ehley D, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Personality and actigraphy-measured physical activity in older adults. Psychol Aging 2017; 32:131-138. [PMID: 28287783 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on personality and physical activity have relied on self-report measures. This study examined the relation between Five Factor Model personality traits and objective physical activity in older adults. Sixty-nine participants (Mage = 80.2 years; SD = 7.1) wore the ActiGraph monitor for 7 days and completed the NEO Personality Inventory-3 First Half. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were associated with more moderate physical activity and more steps per day whereas Neuroticism was inversely related to these physical activity measures (βs > .20). The associations for Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were attenuated by approximately 20-40% when accounting for disease burden and body mass index but were essentially unchanged for Extraversion and Agreeableness. These findings confirm self-report evidence that personality traits are associated with physical activity levels in older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Artese
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University
| | | | | | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University
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Tackman AM, Srivastava S, Pfeifer JH, Dapretto M. Development of conscientiousness in childhood and adolescence: Typical trajectories and associations with academic, health, and relationship changes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hampson SE, Edmonds GW. A New Twist on Old Questions: A Life Span Approach to the Trait Concept. J Pers 2017; 86:97-108. [PMID: 28170097 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine three cardinal concerns in personality psychology from a life span perspective: trait structure, trait stability, and trait mechanisms that account for the predictive utility of traits. We draw on previously published and new findings from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health, as well as work by others. METHOD The Hawaii study provides a unique opportunity to relate a comprehensive assessment of participants' childhood personality traits (over 2,000 children, mean age 10 years) to their adult personality traits and other self-report outcomes in their 40s, 50s, and 60s, and their clinically assessed health at mean age 51. RESULTS Our analyses have demonstrated that the Big Five can be used to describe childhood personality in this cohort. The stability of the Big Five from childhood teacher assessments to adult self- or observer reports is modest and varies from Big Five trait to trait. Personality mechanisms of life span health behavior and life span trauma experience explain some of the influence of childhood Conscientiousness on adult health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A life span approach highlights the dynamic nature of traits and their long-term predictive utility, and it offers numerous directions for future research.
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Peering into the brain to predict behavior: Peer-reported, but not self-reported, conscientiousness links threat-related amygdala activity to future problem drinking. Neuroimage 2017; 146:894-903. [PMID: 27717769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality traits such as conscientiousness as self-reported by individuals can help predict a range of outcomes, from job performance to longevity. Asking others to rate the personality of their acquaintances often provides even better predictive power than using self-report. Here, we examine whether peer-reported personality can provide a better link between brain function, namely threat-related amygdala activity, and future health-related behavior, namely problem drinking, than self-reported personality. Using data from a sample of 377 young adult university students who were rated on five personality traits by peers, we find that higher threat-related amygdala activity to fearful facial expressions is associated with higher peer-reported, but not self-reported, conscientiousness. Moreover, higher peer-reported, but not self-reported, conscientiousness predicts lower future problem drinking more than one year later, an effect specific to men. Remarkably, relatively higher amygdala activity has an indirect effect on future drinking behavior in men, linked by peer-reported conscientiousness to lower future problem drinking. Our results provide initial evidence that the perceived conscientiousness of an individual by their peers uniquely reflects variability in a core neural mechanism supporting threat responsiveness. These novel patterns further suggest that incorporating peer-reported measures of personality into individual differences research can reveal novel predictive pathways of risk and protection for problem behaviors.
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Choi JS, Payne TJ, Ma JZ, Li MD. Relationship between Personality Traits and Nicotine Dependence in Male and Female Smokers of African-American and European-American Samples. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:122. [PMID: 28769824 PMCID: PMC5513910 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Personality characteristics are linked to nicotine dependence (ND). It remains unclear whether these factors differ across African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) male and female smokers. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between personality traits and smoking status, as well as the degree of ND, in AA and EA male and female samples. METHODS A total of 5,040 participants (AA: N = 3,737, female = 54.31%; EA: N = 1,313, female = 64.51%) were included in this study, with 2,474 smokers and 2,566 non-smokers. The measures used in this study included five dimensions of personality by the NEO-personality inventory-revised (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness), Fagerström test for ND, and drive subscale of the ND Syndrome Scale (NDSS). RESULTS In the AA sample, neuroticism was significantly associated with a higher risk of smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.057; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.032, 1.083; p < 0.0001], and conscientiousness was significantly associated with decreased risk of smoking (OR = 0.936; 95% CI 0.912, 0.961; p < 0.0001). In the EA sample, higher neuroticism was associated with increased risk of being a current smoker (OR = 1.058; 95% CI 1.013, 1.104; p = 0.0105). Furthermore, we found that a lower level of neuroticism and higher level of conscientiousness were associated with the severity of ND in both the AA and EA samples and a broader range of personality factors were involved in predicting the severity of ND in the AA samples. However, no differential association was detected between male and female smokers of both AA and EA samples. CONCLUSION There exist differential relationships between personality traits and the severity of ND in the AA and EA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomas J Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ming D Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Fletcher JM, Schurer S. Origins of adulthood personality: The role of adverse childhood experiences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 17. [PMID: 30057657 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2015-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We test whether adverse childhood experiences - exposure to parental maltreatment and its indirect effect on health - are associated with age 30 personality traits. We use rich longitudinal data from a large, representative cohort of young US Americans and exploit differences across siblings to control for the confounding influences of shared environmental and genetic factors. We find that maltreatment experiences are significantly and robustly associated with neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experience, but not with agreeableness and extraversion. High levels of neuroticism are linked to sexual abuse and neglect; low levels of conscientiousness and openness to experience are linked to parental neglect. The associations are partially explained by the indirect effects of maltreatment on adolescence physical and mental health. Maltreatment experiences, in combination with their health effects, explain a substantial fraction of the relationship between adulthood conscientiousness and earnings or human capital. Our findings provide a possible explanation for why personality traits are important predictors of adulthood labor market outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Fletcher
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
| | - Stefanie Schurer
- School of Economics, University of Sydney
- Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
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Wessels NM, Zimmermann J, Leising D. Toward a Shared Understanding of Important Consequences of Personality. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The assumption that personality makes a difference in people's everyday lives is probably the main reason why investigating personality seems worthwhile at all. Although the number of empirical studies addressing the everyday consequences of personality is considerable, an overarching conceptual framework is missing. We present such a framework, using a version of the SORKC model from cognitive-behavioral therapy. Our version of the model incorporates a full account of how personality may influence the ways in which people perceive and respond to situations, which may ultimately have important consequences for them and others. However, not everything that formally qualifies as a consequence of personality is equally relevant. In choosing criterion variables for their own research, researchers interested in personality consequences seem to have strongly relied on implicit assumptions regarding a “good life.” We review a sample of recent studies from the personality literature, using our own conceptualization of important personality consequences to assess the current state of the field, and deduce recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Leising
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden
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Edmonds GW, Hampson SE, Côté HCF, Hill PL, Klest B. Childhood Personality, Betrayal Trauma, and Leukocyte Telomere Length in Adulthood: A Lifespan Perspective on Conscientiousness and Betrayal Traumas as Predictors of a Biomarker of Cellular Aging. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2016; 30:426-437. [PMID: 28018048 DOI: 10.1002/per.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conscientiousness is associated with longevity. As such, identifying the biological pathways linking personality to mortality is important. This study employs longitudinal data spanning >40 years to test prospective associations with Leukocyte Telomere Length (LTL), a potential marker of cellular aging. Because telomeres shorten over time, and are sensitive to oxidative stress, shorter LTL may reflect cumulative damage associated with negative health behaviors and past stressful events. We investigated childhood conscientiousness as a protective factor, expecting an association with longer LTL in adulthood, possibly reflecting slower LTL shortening. Potential lifespan pathways involving childhood trauma, smoking behaviors, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were explored. Childhood conscientiousness showed a small raw association with LTL (r = .08, p = .04), although this effect did not persist when controlling for age and sex. Despite this lack of a direct effect on LTL, we detected an indirect effect operating jointly through BMI and smoking. Higher rates of childhood betrayal trauma were associated with shorter LTL. Contrary to our hypothesis that conscientiousness would buffer this effect, we found evidence for an interaction with childhood betrayal traumas where the association between childhood betrayal traumas and LTL was larger for those higher on conscientiousness in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélène C F Côté
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Spengler M, Roberts BW, Lüdtke O, Martin R, Brunner M. Student Characteristics and Behaviours in Childhood Predict Self–reported Health in Middle Adulthood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examined how self–reported and teacher–rated student characteristics in primary school were associated with adult self–reported health. A representative sample of Luxembourgish students was assessed in 1968 ( M age = 11.9, SD = 0.6) and 2008 (N = 745; M age = 51.8, SD = 0.6). Self–reported sense of inferiority and pessimism in childhood were negatively related to subjective health and vitality–related quality of life/health in adulthood (rs = −.08 to −.12); teacher–rated studiousness (age 12 years) was positively related to subjective health, healthcare utilization and vitality–related quality of life/health (age 52 years; rs = .13 to .16). After controlling for childhood IQ, parental socio–economic status, educational attainment and sex in multiple regression analyses, most effects of teacher–rated studiousness showed incremental validity beyond the controls. School entitlement, sense of inferiority, impatience and pessimism were positively related to body mass index (rs = .08 to .13). The responsible student scale and teacher–rated studiousness were negatively related to body mass index (rs = −.09 to −.13). The findings demonstrate that childhood characteristics and behaviours are important life–course predictors of key health dimensions beyond childhood IQ and parental socio–economic status. In addition, this narrower level of assessment adds significantly to the empirical body of knowledge on long–term predictors of health outcomes in adulthood. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Spengler
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Brent W. Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Oliver Lüdtke
- Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany
| | - Romain Martin
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Brunner
- Free University and Berlin-Brandenburg Institute for School Quality, Berlin, Germany
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Kato K, Zweig R, Schechter CB, Barzilai N, Atzmon G. Positive attitude toward life, emotional expression, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms among centenarians and near-centenarians. Aging Ment Health 2016; 20:930-9. [PMID: 26114814 PMCID: PMC5048681 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1056770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Favorable attitudes, emotions, personality characteristics, and self-rated health have been associated with successful aging in late life. However, less is known regarding these constructs and their relationships to mental health outcomes in the oldest old persons. This study examined cross-sectional relationships of these psychological factors to depressive symptoms in centenarians and near-centenarians. METHODS A selected sample of Ashkenazi Jewish older adults aged 98-107 (n = 54, 78% female) without significant cognitive impairment participated. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental Status Examination, positive attitude toward life and emotional expression by the Personality Outlook Profile Scale (POPS), self-rated health by participants' subjective rating of their present health, and depressive symptoms by the Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS Results demonstrated inverse associations of the positive attitude toward life domain of the POPS and self-rated health with participants' levels of depressive symptoms even after adjusting for the effects of history of medical illnesses, cognitive function, and demographic variables. Additionally, participants with high levels of care showed higher levels of depressive symptoms. Path analysis supported the partially mediating role of positive attitude toward life in the relationship between self-rated health and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings emphasized the important roles of positive attitudes and emotions as well as self-rated health in mental health outcomes in the oldest old. Although, limited by its cross-sectional design, findings suggest these psychological factors may exert protective effects on mental health outcomes in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kato
- Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center / NYU Langone Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 760 Broadway, Brooklyn, NY 11206, USA
| | - Richard Zweig
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. (718)430-3958.
| | - Clyde B. Schechter
- Department of Family and Social Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. (718)430-2754.
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. (718)430-3144.
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. (718)430-3628.
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Personality and Body-Mass-Index in School-Age Children: An Exploration of Mediating and Moderating Variables. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158353. [PMID: 27486752 PMCID: PMC4972344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored longitudinal associations between personality and body-mass-index (BMI) in school-age children, including the potential mediating role of screen time and physical activity, and the potential moderating roles of child demographics and neighbourhood socioeconomic position. Participants were the parents (and teachers) of 3857 ten-year-old children, who completed questionnaires at baseline with a two-year follow-up. After controlling for child demographics (e.g., sex, pubertal status), we found that personality was unimportant for concurrent BMI, but was important for subsequent BMI and change in BMI over two years. Low levels of introversion and persistence at baseline, and decreases in persistence over time, were associated with a higher BMI at follow-up and a greater increase in BMI over time. Moderator analyses showed that introversion was more strongly related to subsequent BMI for children listed as aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The relationship between personality and change in BMI was mediated by screen time, but not by physical activity. To conclude, findings demonstrate that personality is important for change in body mass in Australian children (particularly indigenous children), and that screen-based sedentary behaviour features an important role in this association.
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50
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Pluess M, Bartley M. Childhood conscientiousness predicts the social gradient of smoking in adulthood: a life course analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:330-8. [PMID: 25784712 PMCID: PMC4392191 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The social gradient in smoking is well known, with higher rates among those in less advantaged socioeconomic position. Some recent research has reported that personality characteristics partly explain this gradient. However, the majority of existing work is limited by cross-sectional designs unsuitable to determine whether differences in conscientiousness are a predictor or a product of social inequalities. Adopting a life course perspective, we investigated in the current paper the influence of conscientiousness in early and mid-life on the social gradient in smoking and the role of potential confounding factors in a large longitudinal cohort study. METHODS Using data from the 1958 National Child Development Study, we examined the extent to which two measures of conscientiousness, one assessed with a personality questionnaire at age 50 and one derived from three related items at 16 years in childhood, explained the social gradient of smoking at age 50 by comparing nested logistic regression models that included social class at birth, cognitive ability, attention and conduct problems at age 7, and educational qualification. RESULTS Childhood conscientiousness was a significant predictor of smoking at 50 years (OR=0.86, CI (95%) 0.84 to 0.88), explaining 5.0% of the social gradient independent of all other variables. Childhood conscientiousness was a stronger predictor than adult conscientiousness, statistically accounting for the observed direct association of adult conscientiousness with smoking. CONCLUSIONS Conscientiousness may be a predictor rather than a product of social differences in smoking. Inclusion of personality measures and adoption of a life course perspective add significantly to our understanding of health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pluess
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mel Bartley
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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