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Bottera AR, De Young KP. Characterizing naturalistic meal timing, energy intake, and macronutrient intake among individuals with loss of control eating. Appetite 2023; 184:106524. [PMID: 36871601 PMCID: PMC10033373 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating demonstrates an evening diurnal shift among individuals with eating disorders. Disruptions to diurnal appetitive rhythms may be somewhat chronic and set the stage for additional disruptions to prompt binge eating. Despite known diurnal shifts in binge eating and related constructs (e.g., mood) and detailed characterizations of binge-eating episodes, no findings to date describe the naturalistic diurnal timing and composition of energy and nutrient intake on days with and without loss of control eating. We aimed to characterize eating behaviors (i.e., meal timing, energy intake, and macronutrient composition) across seven days in individuals with binge-spectrum eating disorders, assessing differences between eating episodes and days with and without loss of control eating. Undergraduate students (N = 51; 76.5% female) who endorsed past 28-day loss of control eating completed a 7-day naturalistic ecological momentary assessment protocol. Participants completed daily food diaries and reported instances of loss of control eating across the 7-day period. Results indicated that episodes of loss of control were more likely to occur later in the day, but overall meal timing did not differ across days with and without loss of control. Similarly, greater caloric consumption was more likely for episodes with loss of control, but overall caloric consumption did not differ between days with and without loss of control. Analysis of nutritional content demonstrated differences between both episodes and days with and without loss of control for carbohydrates and total fats, but not for protein. Findings provide support for the hypothesized role disruptions in diurnal appetitive rhythms play in maintaining binge eating via consistent irregularities, underscoring the importance of examining treatment adjuncts that intervene on the regulation of meal timing to enhance eating disorder treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline R Bottera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, USA.
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2
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Berger G, Corris JD, Fields SE, Hao L, Scarpa LL, Bello NT. Systematic Review of Binge Eating Rodent Models for Developing Novel or Repurposing Existing Pharmacotherapies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:742. [PMID: 37238615 PMCID: PMC10216509 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in developing and screening candidate pharmacotherapies for psychiatric disorders have depended on rodent models. Eating disorders are a set of psychiatric disorders that have traditionally relied on behavioral therapies for effective long-term treatment. However, the clinical use of Lisdexamfatamine for binge eating disorder (BED) has furthered the notion of using pharmacotherapies for treating binge eating pathologies. While there are several binge eating rodent models, there is not a consensus on how to define pharmacological effectiveness within these models. Our purpose is to provide an overview of the potential pharmacotherapies or compounds tested in established rodent models of binge eating behavior. These findings will help provide guidance for determining pharmacological effectiveness for potential novel or repurposed pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Berger
- Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Joshua D. Corris
- Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Spencer E. Fields
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Lori L. Scarpa
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Bello
- Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Brown RM, Dayas CV, James MH, Smith RJ. New directions in modelling dysregulated reward seeking for food and drugs. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:1037-1048. [PMID: 34736883 PMCID: PMC8816817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral models are central to behavioral neuroscience. To study the neural mechanisms of maladaptive behaviors (including binge eating and drug addiction), it is essential to develop and utilize appropriate animal models that specifically focus on dysregulated reward seeking. Both food and cocaine are typically consumed in a regulated manner by rodents, motivated by reward and homeostatic mechanisms. However, both food and cocaine seeking can become dysregulated, resulting in binge-like consumption and compulsive patterns of intake. The speakers in this symposium for the 2021 International Behavioral Neuroscience Meeting utilize behavioral models of dysregulated reward-seeking to investigate the neural mechanisms of binge-like consumption, enhanced cue-driven reward seeking, excessive motivation, and continued use despite negative consequences. In this review, we outline examples of maladaptive patterns of intake and explore recent animal models that drive behavior to become dysregulated, including stress exposure and intermittent access to rewards. Lastly, we explore select behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying dysregulated reward-seeking for both food and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Christopher V Dayas
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Morgan H James
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Rachel J Smith
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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4
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Converging vulnerability factors for compulsive food and drug use. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108556. [PMID: 33862029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly palatable foods and substance of abuse have intersecting neurobiological, metabolic and behavioral effects relevant for understanding vulnerability to conditions related to food (e.g., obesity, binge eating disorder) and drug (e.g., substance use disorder) misuse. Here, we review data from animal models, clinical populations and epidemiological evidence in behavioral, genetic, pathophysiologic and therapeutic domains. Results suggest that consumption of highly palatable food and drugs of abuse both impact and conversely are regulated by metabolic hormones and metabolic status. Palatable foods high in fat and/or sugar can elicit adaptation in brain reward and withdrawal circuitry akin to substances of abuse. Intake of or withdrawal from palatable food can impact behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse and vice versa. A robust literature suggests common substrates and roles for negative reinforcement, negative affect, negative urgency, and impulse control deficits, with both highly palatable foods and substances of abuse. Candidate genetic risk loci shared by obesity and alcohol use disorders have been identified in molecules classically associated with both metabolic and motivational functions. Finally, certain drugs may have overlapping therapeutic potential to treat obesity, diabetes, binge-related eating disorders and substance use disorders. Taken together, data are consistent with the hypotheses that compulsive food and substance use share overlapping, interacting substrates at neurobiological and metabolic levels and that motivated behavior associated with feeding or substance use might constitute vulnerability factors for one another. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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Hildebrandt BA, Ahmari SE. Breaking It Down: Investigation of Binge Eating Components in Animal Models to Enhance Translation. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:728535. [PMID: 34484010 PMCID: PMC8414642 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.728535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge eating (BE) is a core eating disorder behavior that is present across nearly all eating disorder diagnoses (e. g., bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa binge/purge subtype), and is also widely present in the general population. Despite the prevalence of BE, limited treatment options exist and there are often high rates of relapse after treatment. There is evidence showing that genetic factors contribute to the heritability of BE and support for biological contributions to BE. However, more work is needed to fully understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying BE. One approach to target this problem is to separate BE into its distinct clinical components that can be more easily modeled using pre-clinical approaches. To date, a variety of animal models for BE have been used in pre-clinical studies; but there have been challenges translating this work to human BE. Here, we review these pre-clinical approaches by breaking them down into three clinically-significant component parts (1) consumption of a large amount of food; (2) food consumption within a short period of time; and (3) loss of control over eating. We propose that this rubric identifies the most frequently used and effective ways to model components of BE behavior using pre-clinical approaches with the strongest clinical relevance. Finally, we discuss how current pre-clinical models have been integrated with techniques using targeted neurobiological approaches and propose ways to improve translation of pre-clinical work to human investigations of BE that could enhance our understanding of BE behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britny A Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Mumolo MG, Rettura F, Melissari S, Costa F, Ricchiuti A, Ceccarelli L, de Bortoli N, Marchi S, Bellini M. Is Gluten the Only Culprit for Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity? Nutrients 2020; 12:E3785. [PMID: 33321805 PMCID: PMC7762999 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gluten-free diet (GFD) has gained increasing popularity in recent years, supported by marketing campaigns, media messages and social networks. Nevertheless, real knowledge of gluten and GF-related implications for health is still poor among the general population. The GFD has also been suggested for non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCG/WS), a clinical entity characterized by intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms induced by gluten ingestion in the absence of celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy (WA). NCG/WS should be regarded as an "umbrella term" including a variety of different conditions where gluten is likely not the only factor responsible for triggering symptoms. Other compounds aside from gluten may be involved in the pathogenesis of NCG/WS. These include fructans, which are part of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and glyphosate. The GFD might be an appropriate dietary approach for patients with self-reported gluten/wheat-dependent symptoms. A low-FODMAP diet (LFD) should be the first dietary option for patients referring symptoms more related to FODMAPs than gluten/wheat and the second-line treatment for those with self-reported gluten/wheat-related symptoms not responding to the GFD. A personalized approach, regular follow-up and the help of a skilled dietician are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Sciences and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (N.d.B.); (S.M.); (M.B.)
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Lamontagne SJ, Wilkin MM, Menard JL, Olmstead MC. Mid-adolescent stress differentially affects binge-like intake of sucrose across estrous cycles in female rats ✰. Physiol Behav 2020; 228:113194. [PMID: 33011230 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), characterized by excessive food consumption within a discrete period of time, is the most prevalent of all eating disorders, with higher rates in women than men. Chronic stress, particularly during adolescence, is a significant risk factor for BED in women, but the mechanism underlying this relationship remains elusive. We investigated the phenomenon by testing the impact of mid-adolescent intermittent physical stress (IPS) on binge-like intake of sucrose in adult female rats, assessing how the behavior changed across reproductive cycles. One hundred and nineteen Long-Evans rats were exposed to IPS (n = 59) or no stress (NS; n = 60) for 12 days during mid-adolescence (PD35-46). Binge-like eating was induced in adult animals using an intermittent access protocol: animals were provided with 12 h or 24 h access to sucrose, 12 h access to saccharin, or 12 h access to food over 28 days. After 1- or 28-day abstinence, compulsive responding for sucrose was measured using a conditioned suppression paradigm. Rats given 12 h access to sucrose developed binge-like intake, measured as increased consumption during the first hour; the effect was magnified in IPS animals and most pronounced during proestrous. Solution intake in IPS rats was predicted by open arm entries in the elevated plus maze, suggesting that increased risk-taking behavior is associated with greater binge-like eating. IPS blocked conditioned suppression after 28 days of abstinence, pointing to a role of mid-adolescent stress in compulsivity. Collectively, these findings emphasize the impact of stress on the emergence of binge eating in females and suggest that intervention programs for women with a history of adolescent adversity should be investigated as a means to reduce risk for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Lamontagne
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Meaghan M Wilkin
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Janet L Menard
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - Mary C Olmstead
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6.
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Shankland R, Favre P, Corubolo D, Méary D, Flaudias V, Mermillod M. Food-Cal: development of a controlled database of high and low calorie food matched with non-food pictures. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:1041-1050. [PMID: 30980250 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrialization has led to more varied and attractive high-calorie foods. Health problems such as obesity and diabetes are partially attributed to eating-related self-regulation difficulties that may be caused by increasingly frequent cues for highly palatable foods. Research studies aim at understanding the factors underlying responses to food cues. This has led to the development of food stimuli databases. However, they present some limitations. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at providing a controlled set of pictures, including 40 food pictures with high- and low-calorie stimuli, matched with 40 non-food pictures. The second objective was to provide a ready-to-use database with normative data regarding responses and associations between demographic, anthropometric and eating-related characteristics, and picture ratings. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 264 participants rated the total set of pictures. MEASURES Attractiveness, arousal and palatability were assessed for each picture, as well as participant's current type of diet, BMI, hunger levels and eating behaviors (uncontrolled and emotional eating). RESULTS Image characteristics (shape, colors, luminance) were comparable between food and matched non-food pictures. Positive correlations were found between hunger levels and attractiveness, arousal and palatability of food. Uncontrolled and emotional eating was positively correlated with high-calorie food palatability, and uncontrolled eating was positively correlated with high-calorie food attractiveness. Participants who did not report any specific diet rated high-calorie foods as more attractive and arousing, whereas vegan and vegetarian participants assessed low-calorie foods as more attractive and palatable. CONCLUSION The Food-Cal controlled set of picture database can be considered as a useful tool for experimental research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Shankland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc BSHM, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, EA 4145, 1251 Avenue Centrale, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Pauline Favre
- INSERM U955 Team 15 « Translational Psychiatry », Neurospin, CEA Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Damien Corubolo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc BSHM, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, EA 4145, 1251 Avenue Centrale, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Méary
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LPNC, CNRS UMR 5105, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Psychiatrie B, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Univ. d'Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Savoie Mont-Blanc, LPNC, CNRS UMR 5105, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Rantala MJ, Luoto S, Krama T, Krams I. Eating Disorders: An Evolutionary Psychoneuroimmunological Approach. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2200. [PMID: 31749720 PMCID: PMC6842941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders are evolutionarily novel conditions. They lead to some of the highest mortality rates of all psychiatric disorders. Several evolutionary hypotheses have been proposed for eating disorders, but only the intrasexual competition hypothesis is extensively supported by evidence. We present the mismatch hypothesis as a necessary extension to the current theoretical framework of eating disorders. This hypothesis explains the evolutionarily novel adaptive metaproblem that has arisen when mating motives conflict with the large-scale and easy availability of hyper-rewarding but obesogenic foods. This situation is exacerbated particularly in those contemporary environments that are characterized by sedentary lifestyles, ever-present junk foods, caloric surplus and the ubiquity of social comparisons that take place via social media. Our psychoneuroimmunological model connects ultimate-level causation with proximate mechanisms by showing how the adaptive metaproblem between mating motives and food rewards leads to chronic stress and, further, to disordered eating. Chronic stress causes neuroinflammation, which increases susceptibility to OCD-like behaviors that typically co-occur with eating disorders. Chronic stress upregulates the serotonergic system and causes dysphoric mood in anorexia nervosa patients. Dieting, however, reduces serotonin levels and dysphoric mood, leading to a vicious serotonergic-homeostatic stress/starvation cycle whereby cortisol and neuroinflammation increase through stringent dieting. Our psychoneuroimmunological model indicates that between-individual and within-individual variation in eating disorders partially arises from (co)variation in gut microbiota and stress responsivity, which influence neuroinflammation and the serotonergic system. We review the advances that have been made in recent years in understanding how to best treat eating disorders, outlining directions for future clinical research. Current evidence indicates that eating disorder treatments should aim to reduce the chronic stress, neuroinflammation, stress responsivity and gut dysbiosis that fuel the disorders. Connecting ultimate causes with proximate mechanisms and treating biopsychosocial causes rather than manifest symptoms is expected to bring more effective and sophisticated long-term interventions for the millions of people who suffer from eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Severi Luoto
- English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tatjana Krama
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Indrikis Krams
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Anversa RG, Campbell EJ, Ch'ng SS, Gogos A, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. A model of emotional stress‐induced binge eating in female mice with no history of food restriction. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12613. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta G. Anversa
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Erin J. Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Sarah S. Ch'ng
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne Parkville Melbourne Australia
| | - Robyn M. Brown
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division Parkville Melbourne Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne Parkville Melbourne Australia
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Naish KR, Laliberte M, MacKillop J, Balodis IM. Systematic review of the effects of acute stress in binge eating disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2415-2429. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Naish
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Michele Laliberte
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
- Eating Disorders Clinic St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Iris M. Balodis
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
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Albertz J, Boersma GJ, Tamashiro KL, Moran TH. The effects of scheduled running wheel access on binge-like eating behavior and its consequences. Appetite 2018; 126:176-184. [PMID: 29654852 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) is an eating disorder involving repeated, intermittent over consumption of food in brief periods of time, usually with no compensatory behaviors. There are few successful treatments and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we hypothesized that voluntary running wheel (RW) activity could reduce binge-like eating behavior in a rat model. Rats were given intermittent (3 times/wk) limited (1hr) access to a high-fat food (Crisco), in addition to continuously available chow. Crisco was available every Mon, Wed, and Fri for 1hr before dark onset. Rats were divided into 2 groups: those with RW access during the first half of the experiment and sedentary during the second half (RW-SED) and those that were sedentary during the first half of the experiment and had RW access during the second half (SED-RW). Crisco intake was significantly less in both groups during the period of time with a RW present. Within the bingeing RW-SED rats, the gene expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY were similar to a non-bingeing sedentary control (CON) group, while the expression of the anorexigenic neuropeptide POMC was significantly increased relative to the SED-RW and CON groups. Despite elevated POMC, the rats continued to binge. Additionally, within both groups, the gene expression of the D2R and Oprm1 in the NAc and the VTA were altered suggesting that the reward system was stimulated by both the bingeing behavior and the running wheel activity. Overall, access to a RW and the resulting activity significantly reduced binge-like behavior as well as modulated the effects of binging on brain appetite and reward systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Albertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Vieten C, Laraia BA, Kristeller J, Adler N, Coleman-Phox K, Bush NR, Wahbeh H, Duncan LG, Epel E. The mindful moms training: development of a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce stress and overeating during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:201. [PMID: 29859038 PMCID: PMC5984812 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is a time of high risk for excessive weight gain, leading to health-related consequences for mothers and offspring. Theory-based obesity interventions that target proposed mechanisms of biobehavioral change are needed, in addition to simply providing nutritional and weight gain directives. Mindfulness training is hypothesized to reduce stress and non-homeostatic eating behaviors – or eating for reasons other than hunger or caloric need. We developed a mindfulness-based intervention for high-risk, low-income overweight pregnant women over a series of iterative waves using the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model of intervention development, and tested its effects on stress and eating behaviors. Methods Overweight pregnant women (n = 110) in their second trimester were enrolled in an 8-week group intervention. Feasibility, acceptability, and facilitator fidelity were assessed, as well as stress, depression and eating behaviors before and after the intervention. We also examined whether pre-to-post intervention changes in outcomes of well-being and eating behaviors were associated with changes in proposed mechanisms of mindfulness, acceptance, and emotion regulation. Results Participants attended a mean of 5.7 sessions (median = 7) out of 8 sessions total, and facilitator fidelity was very good. Of the women who completed class evaluations, at least half reported that each of the three class components (mindful breathing, mindful eating, and mindful movement) were “very useful,” and that they used them on most days at least once a day or more. Women improved in reported levels of mindfulness, acceptance, and emotion regulation, and these increases were correlated with reductions in stress, depression, and overeating. Conclusions These findings suggest that in pregnant women at high risk for excessive weight gain, it is both feasible and effective to use mindfulness strategies taught in a group format. Further, increases in certain mindfulness skills may help with better management of stress and overeating during pregnancy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01307683, March 8, 2011. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-1757-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Vieten
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan Street, San Francisco, CA, 94120, USA. .,Institute of Noetic Sciences, 625 Second Street, # 200, Petaluma, CA, 94952, USA.
| | - Barbara A Laraia
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, Box 0844, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0844, USA.,School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 207-B University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA
| | - Jean Kristeller
- Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, 47809, USA
| | - Nancy Adler
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, Box 0844, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0844, USA.,Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, 47809, USA
| | - Kimberly Coleman-Phox
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, Box 0844, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0844, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, Box 0844, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0844, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Helané Wahbeh
- Institute of Noetic Sciences, 625 Second Street, # 200, Petaluma, CA, 94952, USA
| | - Larissa G Duncan
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Elissa Epel
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, Box 0844, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0844, USA
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14
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Hussain Y, Krishnamurthy S. Piracetam attenuates binge eating disorder related symptoms in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 169:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Jeynes KD, Gibson EL. The importance of nutrition in aiding recovery from substance use disorders: A review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:229-239. [PMID: 28806640 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition is a prerequisite for health; yet, there is no special nutritional assessment or guidance for drug and alcohol dependent individuals, despite the fact that their food consumption is often very limited, risking malnutrition. Further, the premise is examined that malnutrition may promote drug seeking and impede recovery from substance use disorders (SUD). METHOD A narrative review addressed the relationship between substance use disorders and nutrition, including evidence for malnutrition, as well as their impact on metabolism and appetite regulation. The implications of the biopsychology of addiction and appetite for understanding the role of nutrition in SUD were also considered. RESULTS The literature overwhelmingly finds that subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD) typically suffer from nutrient deficiencies. These nutrient deficiencies may be complicit in the alcoholic myopathy, osteopenia and osteoporosis, and mood disorders including anxiety and depression, observed in AUD and DUD. These same individuals have also been found to have altered body composition and altered hormonal metabolic regulators. Additionally, brain processes fundamental for survival are stimulated both by food, particularly sweet foods, and by substances of abuse, with evidence supporting confusion (addiction transfer) when recovering from SUD between cravings for a substance and craving for food. CONCLUSION Poor nutritional status in AUD and DUD severely impacts their physical and psychological health, which may impede their ability to resist substances of abuse and recover their health. This review contributes to a better understanding of interventions that could best support individuals with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall D Jeynes
- Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - E Leigh Gibson
- Department of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK.
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16
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Cuesto G, Everaerts C, León LG, Acebes A. Molecular bases of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: shedding light on the darkness. J Neurogenet 2017; 31:266-287. [PMID: 28762842 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2017.1353092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eating-disorders (EDs) consequences to human health are devastating, involving social, mental, emotional, physical and life-threatening aspects, concluding on impairment and death in cases of extreme anorexia nervosa. It also implies that people suffering an ED need to find psychiatric and psychological help as soon as possible to achieve a fully physical and emotional recovery. Unfortunately, to date, there is a crucial lack of efficient clinical treatment to these disorders. In this review, we present an overview concerning the actual pharmacological and psychological treatments, the knowledge of cells, circuits, neuropeptides, neuromodulators and hormones in the human brain- and other organs- underlying these disorders, the studies in animal models and, finally, the genetic approaches devoted to face this challenge. We will also discuss the need for new perspectives, avenues and strategies to be developed in order to pave the way to novel and more efficient therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cuesto
- a Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands , Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Claude Everaerts
- b Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation , UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Leticia G León
- c Cancer Pharmacology Lab , AIRC Start Up Unit, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Angel Acebes
- a Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands , Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between obesity and a wide range of mental health issues and to identify where sex differences exist and may vary across disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Research on sex differences in the relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders is more abundant in some areas, such as depression and eating disorders, than others, such as anxiety, trauma, and substance use. However, for most of the disorders, their relationships with obesity and sex are complex and are usually moderated by additional variables. Thus, studies that find stronger relationships for women between depression and obesity cross-sectionally do not tell the whole story, as longitudinal studies suggest that this relationship may also be present among men, particularly when confounders are considered. For those with eating disorders, men and women with obesity are fairly equally affected, and weight and shape concerns may play a role in maintaining these behaviors for both sexes. Weight stigma, though, seems to have worse consequences for women than men with obesity. Sex differences exist in relation to the associations between mental health and obesity. However, these differences vary by disorder, with disorder-specific moderators playing a role, such as age for depressive disorders, comorbid depression for anxiety disorders, and weight and shape concerns for eating disorders. More work is needed to understand if sex differences play a role in the relationship between obesity and anxiety, trauma, and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Shaw Tronieri
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Courtney McCuen Wurst
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca L Pearl
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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18
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Klump KL, Culbert KM, Sisk CL. Sex Differences in Binge Eating: Gonadal Hormone Effects Across Development. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2017; 13:183-207. [PMID: 28301762 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders are highly sexually differentiated disorders that exhibit a female predominance in risk. Most theories focus on psychosocial explanations to the exclusion of biological/genetic influences. The purpose of this descriptive review is to evaluate evidence from animal and human studies in support of gonadal hormone effects on sex differences in binge eating. Although research is in its nascent stages, findings suggest that increased prenatal testosterone exposure in males appears to protect against binge eating. Although pubertal testosterone may exert additional protective effects, the prenatal period is likely critical for the decreased risk observed in males. By contrast, studies indicate that, in females, it is the lack of prenatal testosterone coupled with the organizational effects of pubertal ovarian hormones that may lead to increased binge eating. Finally, twin data suggest that changes in genetic risk may underlie these hormone influences on sex differences across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;
| | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154;
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; .,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48825;
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19
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Central oxytocin receptor stimulation attenuates the orexigenic effects of butorphanol tartrate. Neuroreport 2016; 27:1012-7. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Tao Z, Wu G, Wang Z. The relationship between high residential density in student dormitories and anxiety, binge eating and Internet addiction: a study of Chinese college students. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1579. [PMID: 27652152 PMCID: PMC5025399 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Context Although various studies have indicated that high residential density may affect health and psychological outcomes, to our knowledge, there have been no studies regarding the predictive nature of crowded living conditions on binge eating and the use of the Internet as coping strategies. Methods A total of 1048 Chinese college students (540 males and 508 females) were randomly selected and asked to complete a battery of questionnaires that included the Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Internet Addiction Test, and Rosenbaum’s Self-Control Scale. Binge eating behaviors and compensatory behaviors were also reported, and variables about residential density were measured. Results Among female participants, binge eating scores were significantly predicted by anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.008), and similarly, the frequency of compensatory behaviors was significantly predicted by anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.003). Furthermore, the Internet Addiction Test scores were significantly predicted by the anxiety caused by high -density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.000). Among male participants, not only were the binge eating scores significantly predicted by the anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.000), but the frequency of compensatory behaviors was also significantly predicted by the anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.01). Furthermore, Internet Addiction Test scores were significantly predicted by anxiety caused by high-density living conditions (P = 0.000) and self-control (P = 0.000). It was further found that for both genders, subjective factors such as self-control, and the anxiety caused by high-density living conditions had a stronger impact on Internet addiction than objective factors, such as the size of the student’s dormitory room. Moreover, self-control was found to act as a moderator in the relationship between anxiety and Internet addiction among male participants. Conclusion Binge eating and Internet use could be considered coping strategies for Chinese college students facing high residential density in their dormitories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Tao
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, 87#, Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Gao Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Bressan P, Kramer P. Bread and Other Edible Agents of Mental Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:130. [PMID: 27065833 PMCID: PMC4809873 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perhaps because gastroenterology, immunology, toxicology, and the nutrition and agricultural sciences are outside of their competence and responsibility, psychologists and psychiatrists typically fail to appreciate the impact that food can have on their patients' condition. Here we attempt to help correct this situation by reviewing, in non-technical, plain English, how cereal grains-the world's most abundant food source-can affect human behavior and mental health. We present the implications for the psychological sciences of the findings that, in all of us, bread (1) makes the gut more permeable and can thus encourage the migration of food particles to sites where they are not expected, prompting the immune system to attack both these particles and brain-relevant substances that resemble them, and (2) releases opioid-like compounds, capable of causing mental derangement if they make it to the brain. A grain-free diet, although difficult to maintain (especially for those that need it the most), could improve the mental health of many and be a complete cure for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bressan
- Department of General Psychology, University of PaduaPadova, Italy
| | - Peter Kramer
- Department of General Psychology, University of PaduaPadova, Italy
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22
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Fechine MF, Borba TK, Cabral-Filho JE, Bolaños-Jiménez F, Lopes-de-Souza S, Manhães-de-Castro R. Can early protein restriction induce the development of binge eating? Behav Processes 2016; 125:19-25. [PMID: 26836391 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that perinatal undernourishment is a factor for binge eating. At 52 days rats born from dams fed on 17% protein (Control) or 8% protein (Undernourished) were distributed into four groups, two of which continued to be fed ad libitum chow and two were submitted to three consecutive Restricted/Refeeding (R/R) cycles. According to the following schedule: Control Naïve (from mothers fed 17% protein/no restriction phase); Control Restricted (from mothers fed 17% protein/restriction phase); Undernourished Naïve (from mothers fed 8% protein/no restriction phase); and Undernourished Restricted (from mothers fed 8% protein/restriction phase). Each cycle consisted of a restriction phase (in the first four days 40% of the mean daily individual chow intake was offered for consumption), followed by a refeeding phase (4 days of chow ad libitum). After the three cycles, all animals were subjected to a feeding test (chow diet and palatable food ad libitum for 24h). During the feeding test, the Undernourished Restricted demonstrated rebound hyperphagia during 2, 4 and 6h. These results suggest the perinatal undernourishment cannot contribute to a binge eating phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madge Farias Fechine
- Post-Graduation in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Tássia Karin Borba
- Post-Graduation in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sandra Lopes-de-Souza
- Department of Anatomy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50670901, Brazil.
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Daniels S, Marshall P, Leri F. Alterations of naltrexone-induced conditioned place avoidance by pre-exposure to high fructose corn syrup or heroin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:425-33. [PMID: 26514556 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It has been suggested that withdrawal from sugar produces a set of symptoms that resemble those observed following withdrawal from opiate drugs. OBJECTIVES This study explored naltrexone-induced withdrawal in animals pre-exposed to acute, chronic, and intermittent high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or acute and chronic heroin administration. METHODS Experiment 1 examined conditioned place avoidance (CPA) induced by different doses of naltrexone (0.01-1 mg/kg) in naïve male Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment 2, rats received continuous or intermittent home cage HFCS access (0 or 50 %) prior to conditioning with 1 mg/kg naltrexone. In experiment 3, HFCS ingestion was increased by food restriction and rats were conditioned with 3 mg/kg naltrexone. In experiment 4, the timing and quantity of HFCS ingestion (0, 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg) was controlled by intragastric administration, and rats were conditioned with 1 mg/kg naltrexone. In experiment 5, rats received acute (2 mg/kg) or chronic heroin (3.5 mg/kg/day) prior to conditioning with 1 mg/kg naltrexone. RESULTS Administration of naltrexone produced moderate conditioned place avoidance in naïve rats. Importantly, acute, continuous, and intermittent HFCS pre-exposure did not significantly amplify this effect, but acute and chronic heroin pre-exposure did. CONCLUSIONS As assessed by CPA, these results in rats fail to support the hypothesis that an opioid antagonist can precipitate similar affective withdrawal states following pre-exposure to sugars and opiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Daniels
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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24
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Abstract
Binge eating disorder is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable consumption of palatable food within brief periods of time. Excessive intake of palatable food is thought to be driven by hedonic, rather than energy homeostatic, mechanisms. However, reward processing does not only comprise consummatory actions; a key component is represented by the anticipatory phase directed at procuring the reward. This phase is highly influenced by environmental food-associated stimuli, which can robustly enhance the desire to eat even in the absence of physiological needs. The opioid system (endogenous peptides and their receptors) has been strongly linked to the rewarding aspects of palatable food intake, and perhaps represents the key system involved in hedonic overeating. Here we review evidence suggesting that the opioid system can also be regarded as one of the systems that regulates the anticipatory incentive processes preceding binge eating hedonic episodes.
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25
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Mason AE, Laraia B, Daubenmier J, Hecht FM, Lustig RH, Puterman E, Adler N, Dallman M, Kiernan M, Gearhardt AN, Epel ES. Putting the brakes on the "drive to eat": Pilot effects of naltrexone and reward-based eating on food cravings among obese women. Eat Behav 2015; 19:53-6. [PMID: 26164674 PMCID: PMC4644449 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obese individuals vary in their experience of food cravings and tendency to engage in reward-driven eating, both of which can be modulated by the neural reward system rather than physiological hunger. We examined two predictions in a sample of obese women: (1) whether opioidergic blockade reduced food-craving intensity, and (2) whether opioidergic blockade reduced an association between food-craving intensity and reward-driven eating, which is a trait-like index of three factors (lack of control over eating, lack of satiation, preoccupation with food). METHODS Forty-four obese, pre-menopausal women completed the Reward-Based Eating Drive (RED) scale at study start and daily food-craving intensity on 5 days on which they ingested either a pill-placebo (2 days), a 25 mg naltrexone dose (1 day), or a standard 50mg naltrexone dose (2 days). RESULTS Craving intensity was similar under naltrexone and placebo doses. The association between food-craving intensity and reward-driven eating significantly differed between placebo and 50mg naltrexone doses. Reward-driven eating and craving intensity were significantly positively associated under both placebo doses. As predicted, opioidergic blockade (for both doses 25mg and 50mg naltrexone) reduced the positive association between reward-driven eating and craving intensity to non-significance. CONCLUSIONS Opioidergic blockade did not reduce craving intensity; however, blockade reduced an association between trait-like reward-driven eating and daily food-craving intensity, and may help identify an important endophenotype within obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Mason
- University of California - San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine
| | - Barbara Laraia
- University of California - Berkeley School of Public Health
| | - Jennifer Daubenmier
- University of California - San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine
| | - Frederick M. Hecht
- University of California - San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine
| | - Robert H. Lustig
- University of California - San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Eli Puterman
- University of California - San Francisco, Center for Health and Community
| | - Nancy Adler
- University of California - San Francisco, Center for Health and Community
| | - Mary Dallman
- University of California - San Francisco, Center for Health and Community
| | - Michaela Kiernan
- Stanford University – School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center
| | | | - Elissa S. Epel
- University of California - San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine,University of California - San Francisco, Center for Health and Community
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Bodnar RJ. Endogenous opioids and feeding behavior: A decade of further progress (2004-2014). A Festschrift to Dr. Abba Kastin. Peptides 2015; 72:20-33. [PMID: 25843025 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional elucidation of the endogenous opioid system temporally paralleled the creation and growth of the journal, Peptides, under the leadership of its founding editor, Dr. Abba Kastin. He was prescient in publishing annual and uninterrupted reviews on Endogenous Opiates and Behavior that served as a microcosm for the journal under his stewardship. This author published a 2004 review, "Endogenous opioids and feeding behavior: a thirty-year historical perspective", summarizing research in this field between 1974 and 2003. The present review "closes the circle" by reviewing the last 10 years (2004-2014) of research examining the role of endogenous opioids and feeding behavior. The review summarizes effects upon ingestive behavior following administration of opioid receptor agonists, in opioid receptor knockout animals, following administration of general opioid receptor antagonists, following administration of selective mu, delta, kappa and ORL-1 receptor antagonists, and evaluating opioid peptide and opioid receptor changes in different food intake models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Doctoral Program Cluster, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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27
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Rodent models of impulsive–compulsive behaviors in Parkinson's disease: How far have we reached? Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:561-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Brownley KA, Peat CM, La Via M, Bulik CM. Pharmacological approaches to the management of binge eating disorder. Drugs 2015; 75:9-32. [PMID: 25428709 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the USA, binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of ~3.5 % in adult women, 2.0 % in adult men, and 1.6 % in adolescents. BED is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating that are accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating and result in marked psychological distress. BED is highly co-morbid with obesity and with depression and other psychiatric conditions, and it is associated with substantial role impairment. Currently, there are no US FDA-approved pharmacological treatments for BED. Animal and human studies implicate underlying dysregulation in dopamine, opioid, acetylcholine, and serotonin neurocircuitry within brain reward regions in the pathogenesis and maintenance of BED. To date, the efficacy of various agents that target these and other neurotransmitter systems involved in motivated feeding behavior, mood regulation, and impulse control have been investigated in the treatment of BED. Several antidepressant and anticonvulsant agents have demonstrated efficacy in reducing binge eating frequency, but only in limited cases have these effects resulted in patients achieving abstinence, which is the primary goal of treatment; they also range from less (fluvoxamine) to more (topiramate) effective in achieving weight loss that is both clinically meaningful and significantly greater than placebo. Collectively, the literature on pharmacological treatment approaches to BED is limited in that very few agents have been studied in multiple, confirmatory trials with adequate follow up, and almost none have been evaluated in large patient samples that are diverse with respect to age, sex, and ethnicity. In addition, prior trials have not adequately addressed, through study design, the high placebo response commonly observed in this patient population. Several novel agents are in various phases of testing, and recent animal studies focusing on glutamate-signaling circuits linking the amygdala to the lateral hypothalamus offer new avenues for exploration and potential therapeutic development. Studies of newly FDA-approved medications for long-term obesity treatment and further explorations of dietary supplements and neutraceuticals with appetite- and mood-altering properties may also be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Brownley
- Department of Psychiatry, CB #7175, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7175, USA,
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29
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Mason AE, Lustig RH, Brown RR, Acree M, Bacchetti P, Moran PJ, Dallman M, Laraia B, Adler N, Hecht FM, Daubenmier J, Epel ES. Acute responses to opioidergic blockade as a biomarker of hedonic eating among obese women enrolled in a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention trial. Appetite 2015; 91:311-320. [PMID: 25931433 PMCID: PMC4485926 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no commonly used or easily accessible 'biomarkers' of hedonic eating. Physiologic responses to acute opioidergic blockade, indexed by cortisol changes and nausea, may represent indirect functional measures of opioid-mediated hedonic eating drive and predict weight loss following a mindfulness-based intervention for stress eating. In the current study, we tested whether cortisol and nausea responses induced by oral ingestion of an opioidergic antagonist (naltrexone) correlated with weight and self-report measures of hedonic eating and predicted changes in these measures following a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention. Obese women (N = 88; age = 46.7 ± 13.2 years; BMI = 35.8 ± 3.8) elected to complete an optional sub-study prior to a 5.5-month weight loss intervention with or without mindfulness training. On two separate days, participants ingested naltrexone and placebo pills, collected saliva samples, and reported nausea levels. Supporting previous findings, naltrexone-induced cortisol increases were associated with greater hedonic eating (greater food addiction symptoms and reward-driven eating) and less mindful eating. Among participants with larger cortisol increases (+1 SD above mean), mindfulness participants (relative to control participants) reported greater reductions in food addiction symptoms, b = -0.95, SE(b) = 0.40, 95% CI [-1.74, -0.15], p = .021. Naltrexone-induced nausea was marginally associated with reward-based eating. Among participants who endorsed naltrexone-induced nausea (n = 38), mindfulness participants (relative to control participants) reported greater reductions in food addiction symptoms, b = -1.00, 95% CI [-1.85, -0.77], p = .024, and trended toward reduced reward-based eating, binge eating, and weight, post-intervention. Single assessments of naltrexone-induced cortisol increases and nausea responses may be useful time- and cost-effective biological markers to identify obese individuals with greater opioid-mediated hedonic eating drive who may benefit from weight loss interventions with adjuvant mindfulness training that targets hedonic eating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rashida R. Brown
- UCSF Center for Health and Community
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elissa S. Epel
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine
- UCSF Center for Health and Community
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30
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Lardeux S, Kim JJ, Nicola SM. Intermittent-access binge consumption of sweet high-fat liquid does not require opioid or dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:194-208. [PMID: 26097003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorders are characterized by episodes of intense consumption of high-calorie food. In recently developed animal models of binge eating, rats given intermittent access to such food escalate their consumption over time. Consumption of calorie-dense food is associated with neurochemical changes in the nucleus accumbens, including dopamine release and alterations in dopamine and opioid receptor expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that binge-like consumption on intermittent access schedules is dependent on opioid and/or dopamine neurotransmission in the accumbens. To test this hypothesis, we asked whether injection of dopamine and opioid receptor antagonists into the core and shell of the accumbens reduced consumption of a sweet high-fat liquid in rats with and without a history of intermittent binge access to the liquid. Although injection of a μ opioid agonist increased consumption, none of the antagonists (including μ opioid, δ opioid, κ opioid, D1 dopamine and D2 dopamine receptor antagonists, as well as the broad-spectrum opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone) reduced consumption, and this was the case whether or not the animals had a prior history of intermittent access. These results suggest that consumption of sweet, fatty food does not require opioid or dopamine receptor activation in the accumbens even under intermittent access conditions that resemble human binge episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lardeux
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - James J Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Saleem M Nicola
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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31
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Boggiano MM, Wenger LE, Turan B, Tatum MM, Sylvester MD, Morgan PR, Morse KE, Burgess EE. Real-time sampling of reasons for hedonic food consumption: further validation of the Palatable Eating Motives Scale. Front Psychol 2015; 6:744. [PMID: 26082744 PMCID: PMC4450168 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly palatable foods play a salient role in obesity and binge-eating, and if habitually eaten to deal with intrinsic and extrinsic factors unrelated to metabolic need, may compromise adaptive coping and interpersonal skills. This study used event sampling methodology (ESM) to examine whether individuals who report eating palatable foods primarily to cope, to enhance reward, to be social, or to conform, as measured by the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), actually eat these foods primarily for the motive(s) they report on the PEMS. Secondly this study examined if the previously reported ability of the PEMS Coping motive to predict BMI would replicate if the real-time (ESM-reported) coping motive was used to predict BMI. A total of 1691 palatable eating events were collected from 169 college students over 4 days. Each event included the day, time, and types of tasty foods or drinks consumed followed by a survey that included an abbreviated version of the PEMS, hunger as an additional possible motive, and a question assessing general perceived stress during the eating event. Two-levels mixed modeling confirmed that ESM-reported motives correlated most strongly with their respective PEMS motives and that all were negatively associated with eating for hunger. While stress surrounding the eating event was strongly associated with the ESM-coping motive, its inclusion in the model as a predictor of this motive did not abolish the significant association between ESM and PEMS Coping scores. Regression models confirmed that scores on the ESM-coping motive predicted BMI. These findings provide ecological validity for the PEMS to identify true-to-life motives for consuming palatable foods. This further adds to the utility of the PEMS in individualizing, and hence improving, treatment strategies for obesity, binge-eating, dietary nutrition, coping, reward acquisition, and psychosocial skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Boggiano
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lowell E Wenger
- Department of Physics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bulent Turan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mindy M Tatum
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maria D Sylvester
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Phillip R Morgan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kathryn E Morse
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Emilee E Burgess
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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32
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Binge eating in pre-clinical models. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:504-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Harris RBS. Chronic and acute effects of stress on energy balance: are there appropriate animal models? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R250-65. [PMID: 25519732 PMCID: PMC4329465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00361.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress activates multiple neural and endocrine systems to allow an animal to respond to and survive in a threatening environment. The corticotropin-releasing factor system is a primary initiator of this integrated response, which includes activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The energetic response to acute stress is determined by the nature and severity of the stressor, but a typical response to an acute stressor is inhibition of food intake, increased heat production, and increased activity with sustained changes in body weight, behavior, and HPA reactivity. The effect of chronic psychological stress is more variable. In humans, chronic stress may cause weight gain in restrained eaters who show increased HPA reactivity to acute stress. This phenotype is difficult to replicate in rodent models where chronic psychological stress is more likely to cause weight loss than weight gain. An exception may be hamsters subjected to repeated bouts of social defeat or foot shock, but the data are limited. Recent reports on the food intake and body composition of subordinate members of group-housed female monkeys indicate that these animals have a similar phenotype to human stress-induced eaters, but there are a limited number of investigators with access to the model. Few stress experiments focus on energy balance, but more information on the phenotype of both humans and animal models during and after exposure to acute or chronic stress may provide novel insight into mechanisms that normally control body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth B S Harris
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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D’Addario C, Micioni Di Bonaventura M, Pucci M, Romano A, Gaetani S, Ciccocioppo R, Cifani C, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signaling and food addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47:203-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Murray S, Tulloch A, Gold MS, Avena NM. Hormonal and neural mechanisms of food reward, eating behaviour and obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:540-52. [PMID: 24958311 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With rising rates of obesity, research continues to explore the contributions of homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms related to eating behaviour. In this Review, we synthesize the existing information on select biological mechanisms associated with reward-related food intake, dealing primarily with consumption of highly palatable foods. In addition to their established functions in normal feeding, three primary peripheral hormones (leptin, ghrelin and insulin) play important parts in food reward. Studies in laboratory animals and humans also show relationships between hyperphagia or obesity and neural pathways involved in reward. These findings have prompted questions regarding the possibility of addictive-like aspects in food consumption. Further exploration of this topic may help to explain aberrant eating patterns, such as binge eating, and provide insight into the current rates of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Murray
- New York Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, P&S Box 30 DOM/NYORC, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032-3702, USA
| | - Alastair Tulloch
- New York Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, P&S Box 30 DOM/NYORC, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032-3702, USA
| | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute, 1149 SW Newell Drive, L4-100, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nicole M Avena
- New York Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, P&S Box 30 DOM/NYORC, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032-3702, USA
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RADELOFF DANIEL, WILLMANN KATHRIN, OTTO LISA, LINDNER MICHAEL, PUTNAM KAREN, VAN LEEUWEN SARA, KAYE WALTERH, POUSTKA FRITZ, WAGNER ANGELA. High-fat taste challenge reveals altered striatal response in women recovered from bulimia nervosa: A pilot study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2014; 15:307-16. [PMID: 22540408 PMCID: PMC4301574 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2012.671958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) tend to have disordered thinking and eating behaviours in regards to fat containing foods. This is the first study to investigate neuronal pathways that may contribute to altered fat consumption in eating disordered patients. METHODS We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare responses to a high-fat cream stimulus, water, and a non-caloric viscous stimulus (CMC) to control for response to viscosity in individuals recovered from AN (N = 15), BN (N = 14) and a healthy control sample (CW, N = 18). RESULTS An interaction analysis (ANOVAR) comparing the three groups (AN, BN, CW) and the three conditions (cream, CMC, water) revealed significant differences in the left anterior ventral striatum (AVS). A post hoc analysis displayed a higher magnitude of response for the contrast cream/water in BN compared to AN or CW and for the contrast CMC/water in BN compared to AN. CONCLUSIONS BN showed an exaggerated AVS response for the cream/water contrast in comparison to AN or CW. Moreover, BN showed an exaggerated AVS response for the CMC/water contrast in comparison to AN. These findings support the possibility that BN have an altered hedonic and/or motivational drive to consume fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- DANIEL RADELOFF
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, J.W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Department of Pediatric Neurology, J.W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - KATHRIN WILLMANN
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, J.W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - LISA OTTO
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, J.W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - MICHAEL LINDNER
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - KAREN PUTNAM
- School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - SARA VAN LEEUWEN
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - WALTER H KAYE
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - FRITZ POUSTKA
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, J.W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - ANGELA WAGNER
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, J.W. Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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37
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Perello M, Valdivia S, García Romero G, Raingo J. Considerations about rodent models of binge eating episodes. Front Psychol 2014; 5:372. [PMID: 24808881 PMCID: PMC4010779 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Spring Valdivia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) La Plata, Argentina
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38
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Rorabaugh JM, Stratford JM, Zahniser NR. A relationship between reduced nucleus accumbens shell and enhanced lateral hypothalamic orexin neuronal activation in long-term fructose bingeing behavior. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95019. [PMID: 24736531 PMCID: PMC3988143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose accounts for 10% of daily calories in the American diet. Fructose, but not glucose, given intracerebroventricularly stimulates homeostatic feeding mechanisms within the hypothalamus; however, little is known about how fructose affects hedonic feeding centers. Repeated ingestion of sucrose, a disaccharide of fructose and glucose, increases neuronal activity in hedonic centers, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core, but not the hypothalamus. Rats given glucose in the intermittent access model (IAM) display signatures of hedonic feeding including bingeing and altered DA receptor (R) numbers within the NAc. Here we examined whether substituting fructose for glucose in this IAM produces bingeing behavior, alters DA Rs and activates hedonic and homeostatic feeding centers. Following long-term (21-day) exposure to the IAM, rats given 8–12% fructose solutions displayed fructose bingeing but unaltered DA D1R or D2R number. Fructose bingeing rats, as compared to chow bingeing controls, exhibited reduced NAc shell neuron activation, as determined by c-Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-IR). This activation was negatively correlated with orexin (Orx) neuron activation in the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area (LH/PeF), a brain region linking homeostatic to hedonic feeding centers. Following short-term (2-day) access to the IAM, rats exhibited bingeing but unchanged Fos-IR, suggesting only long-term fructose bingeing increases Orx release. In long-term fructose bingeing rats, pretreatment with the Ox1R antagonist SB-334867 (30 mg/kg; i.p.) equally reduced fructose bingeing and chow intake, resulting in a 50% reduction in calories. Similarly, in control rats, SB-334867 reduced chow/caloric intake by 60%. Thus, in the IAM, Ox1Rs appear to regulate feeding based on caloric content rather than palatability. Overall, our results, in combination with the literature, suggest individual monosaccharides activate distinct neuronal circuits to promote feeding behavior. Specifically, long-term fructose bingeing activates a hyperphagic circuit composed in part of NAc shell and LH/PeF Orx neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacki M. Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer M. Stratford
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nancy R. Zahniser
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Katsuura Y, Taha SA. Mu opioid receptor antagonism in the nucleus accumbens shell blocks consumption of a preferred sucrose solution in an anticipatory contrast paradigm. Neuroscience 2014; 261:144-52. [PMID: 24342569 PMCID: PMC3956648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating, a central feature of multiple eating disorders, is characterized by excessive consumption occurring during discrete, often brief, intervals. Highly palatable foods play an important role in these binge episodes - foods chosen during bingeing are typically higher in fat or sugar than those normally consumed. Multiple lines of evidence suggest a central role for signaling by endogenous opioids in promoting palatability-driven eating. This role extends to binge-like feeding studied in animal models, which is reduced by administration of opioid antagonists. However, the neural circuits and specific opioid receptors mediating these effects are not fully understood. In the present experiments, we tested the hypothesis that endogenous opioid signaling in the nucleus accumbens promotes consumption in a model of binge eating. We used an anticipatory contrast paradigm in which separate groups of rats were presented sequentially with 4% sucrose and then either 20% or 0% sucrose solutions. In rats presented with 4% and then 20% sucrose, daily training in this paradigm produced robust intake of 20% sucrose, preceded by learned hypophagia during access to 4% sucrose. We tested the effects of site-specific infusions of naltrexone (a nonspecific opioid receptor antagonist: 0, 1, 10, and 50μg/side in the nucleus accumbens core and shell), naltrindole (a delta opioid receptor antagonist: 0, 0.5, 5, and 10μg/side in the nucleus accumbens shell) and beta-funaltrexamine (a mu opioid receptor antagonist: 0 and 2.5μg/side in the nucleus accumbens shell) on consumption in this contrast paradigm. Our results show that signaling through the mu opioid receptor in the nucleus accumbens shell is dynamically modulated during formation of learned food preferences, and promotes binge-like consumption of palatable foods based on these learned preferences.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticipation, Psychological/drug effects
- Anticipation, Psychological/physiology
- Food Preferences/drug effects
- Food Preferences/physiology
- Learning/drug effects
- Learning/physiology
- Male
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/physiology
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Long-Evans
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sucrose
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Katsuura
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S A Taha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Villarejo C, Jiménez-Murcia S, Álvarez-Moya E, Granero R, Penelo E, Treasure J, Vilarrasa N, Gil-Montserrat de Bernabé M, Casanueva FF, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-Real JM, Frühbeck G, de la Torre R, Botella C, Agüera Z, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. Loss of control over eating: a description of the eating disorder/obesity spectrum in women. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2013; 22:25-31. [PMID: 24338827 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
GOALS This study aimed to analyse the association, commonalities and differences between obesity and eating disorders (ED). METHOD A total of 150 female patients [50 obese with bulimia nervosa (OB + BN), 50 obese with binge eating disorders (OB + BED), 50 obese without eating disorders (OB)] and 50 female healthy-eating/weight control (CG) volunteers participated in this study. ASSESSMENT All participants were assessed by the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. RESULTS In general, all the groups differed significantly and showed linear trends (OB + BN > OB + BED > OB > CG) on general and eating psychopathology (SCL-90-R and EDI-2). Regarding personality traits, statistically significant differences across all four groups were found on Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness. Whereas some symptoms were shared in extreme weight conditions, others were specifically related to ED. CONCLUSIONS The presence of binge and purge symptomatology in obese patients is clinically relevant. These findings help to understand the relationship between Obesity and ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Villarejo
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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Klump KL, Racine S, Hildebrandt B, Sisk CL. Sex differences in binge eating patterns in male and female adult rats. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:729-36. [PMID: 23625647 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several efforts are underway to model binge eating in animals in order to advance neurobiological models of risk. However, knowledge of sex differences in these models is currently lacking. The goal of the present study was to examine sex differences in binge eating phenotypes using a well-established rodent model (i.e., the binge eating resistant/binge eating prone model). METHOD Thirty male and 30 female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to feeding tests consisting of intermittent access to palatable food (PF). Rats were then categorized as binge eating prone (BEP) based on the amount and consistency of PF consumption across tests. RESULTS Across multiple methods for BEP classification, rates of BEP phenotypes were two to six times higher in female than male rats. DISCUSSION Findings provide support for sex differences in rodent models of binge eating and highlight the promise of the BER/BEP model for understanding neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex differences in risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824
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Kanakam N, Treasure J. A review of cognitive neuropsychiatry in the taxonomy of eating disorders: state, trait, or genetic? Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2013; 18:83-114. [PMID: 22994309 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2012.682362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A greater understanding of neuropsychological traits in eating disorders may help to construct a more biologically based taxonomy. The aim of this paper is to review the current evidence base of neuropsychological traits in people with eating disorders. Evidence of difficulties in set shifting, weak central coherence, emotional processing difficulties, and altered reward sensitivity is presented for people both in the acute and recovered phase of the illness. These traits are also seen in first degree relatives. At present there is limited research linking these neuropsychological traits with genetic and neuroanatomical measures. In addition to improving the taxonomy of eating disorders, neuropsychological traits may be of value in producing targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kanakam
- Section of Eating Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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43
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Stress-induced and emotional eating in animals: A review of the experimental evidence and implications for companion animal obesity. J Vet Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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McElroy SL, Guerdjikova AI, Blom TJ, Crow SJ, Memisoglu A, Silverman BL, Ehrich EW. A placebo-controlled pilot study of the novel opioid receptor antagonist ALKS-33 in binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:239-45. [PMID: 23381803 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess preliminarily the effectiveness of a novel opioid antagonist, ALKS-33, in binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD In this randomized, placebo-controlled, flexible dose, proof-of-concept trial, 62 outpatients with BED and obesity received ALKS-33 (N = 26) or placebo (N = 36) for 6 weeks. Outcome measures of binge eating, body weight, and eating pathology were assessed. RESULTS A large decrease in binge eating episode frequency was observed following both ALKS-33 and placebo treatment. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in binge eating episode frequency or any other measure of binge eating, body weight, or eating pathology. DISCUSSION In this preliminary proof-of-concept study in BED, ALKS-33 did not separate from placebo. Although a failed trial cannot be excluded, the finding is consistent with earlier observations in bulimia nervosa with other opioid antagonists and suggests ALKS-33, at least when administered daily for 6 weeks, may not be efficacious for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Research Institute, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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45
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Tanofsky-Kraff M, Bulik CM, Marcus MD, Striegel RH, Wilfley DE, Wonderlich SA, Hudson JI. Binge eating disorder: the next generation of research. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:193-207. [PMID: 23354950 PMCID: PMC3600071 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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46
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Lenglos C, Mitra A, Guèvremont G, Timofeeva E. Sex differences in the effects of chronic stress and food restriction on body weight gain and brain expression of CRF and relaxin-3 in rats. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 12:370-87. [PMID: 23425370 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated sex-specific effects of repeated stress and food restriction on food intake, body weight, corticosterone plasma levels and expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus and relaxin-3 in the nucleus incertus (NI). The CRF and relaxin-3 expression is affected by stress, and these neuropeptides produce opposite effects on feeding (anorexigenic and orexigenic, respectively), but sex-specific regulation of CRF and relaxin-3 by chronic stress is not fully understood. Male and female rats were fed ad libitum chow (AC) or ad libitum chow and intermittent palatable liquid Ensure without food restriction (ACE), or combined with repeated food restriction (60% chow, 2 days per week; RCE). Half of the rats were submitted to 1-h restraint stress once a week. In total, seven weekly cycles were applied. The body weight of the RCE stressed male rats significantly decreased, whereas the body weight of the RCE stressed female rats significantly increased compared with the respective control groups. The stressed female RCE rats considerably overate chow during recovery from stress and food restriction. The RCE female rats showed elevated plasma corticosterone levels and low expression of CRF mRNA in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus but not in the medial preoptic area. The NI expression of relaxin-3 mRNA was significantly higher in the stressed RCE female rats compared with other groups. An increase in the expression of orexigenic relaxin-3 and misbalanced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity may contribute to the overeating and increased body weight seen in chronically stressed and repeatedly food-restricted female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lenglos
- Département Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
The objective of this non-systematic review of the literature is to highlight some of the neural systems and pathways that are affected by the various intake-promoting aspects of the modern food environment and explore potential modes of interaction between core systems such as hypothalamus and brainstem primarily receptive to internal signals of fuel availability and forebrain areas such as the cortex, amygdala and meso-corticolimbic dopamine system, primarily processing external signals. The modern lifestyle with its drastic changes in the way we eat and move puts pressure on the homoeostatic system responsible for the regulation of body weight, which has led to an increase in overweight and obesity. The power of food cues targeting susceptible emotions and cognitive brain functions, particularly of children and adolescents, is increasingly exploited by modern neuromarketing tools. Increased intake of energy-dense foods high in fat and sugar is not only adding more energy, but may also corrupt neural functions of brain systems involved in nutrient sensing as well as in hedonic, motivational and cognitive processing. It is concluded that only long-term prospective studies in human subjects and animal models with the capacity to demonstrate sustained over-eating and development of obesity are necessary to identify the critical environmental factors as well as the underlying neural systems involved. Insights from these studies and from modern neuromarketing research should be increasingly used to promote consumption of healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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48
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Avena NM, Bocarsly ME. Dysregulation of brain reward systems in eating disorders: neurochemical information from animal models of binge eating, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:87-96. [PMID: 22138162 PMCID: PMC3366171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Food intake is mediated, in part, through brain pathways for motivation and reinforcement. Dysregulation of these pathways may underlay some of the behaviors exhibited by patients with eating disorders. Research using animal models of eating disorders has greatly contributed to the detailed study of potential brain mechanisms that many underlie the causes or consequences of aberrant eating behaviors. This review focuses on neurochemical evidence of reward-related brain dysfunctions obtained through animal models of binge eating, bulimia nervosa, or anorexia nervosa. The findings suggest that alterations in dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh) and opioid systems in reward-related brain areas occur in response to binge eating of palatable foods. Moreover, animal models of bulimia nervosa suggest that while bingeing on palatable food releases DA, purging attenuates the release of ACh that might otherwise signal satiety. Animal models of anorexia nervosa suggest that restricted access to food enhances the reinforcing effects of DA when the animal does eat. The activity-based anorexia model suggests alterations in mesolimbic DA and serotonin occur as a result of restricted eating coupled with excessive wheel running. These findings with animal models complement data obtained through neuroimaging and pharmacotherapy studies of clinical populations. Information on the neurochemical consequences of the behaviors associated with these eating disorders will be useful in understanding these complex disorders and may inform future therapeutic approaches, as discussed here. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Central Control of Food Intake'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Avena
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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49
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Abstract
The high prevalence of substance abuse in individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) and the pervasive symptom substitution in many types of drug addiction suggest that a number of substances--including food--can impair an individual's self-control, even in the presence of negative consequences. Nonetheless, the neurobiological similarities between BN and drug addiction are not clearly established. This review explores how the specific eating patterns seen in BN (binge eating and purging, with intermittent dietary restriction) are particularly addictive and differentiate BN from other eating disorders and obesity. A number of peripheral and central biological aberrations seen in BN may result in altered reward sensitivity in these individuals, particularly through effects on the dopaminergic system. Neurobiological findings support the notion that BN is an addictive disorder, which has treatment implications for therapy and pharmacological manipulations.
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50
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Nascimento AIR, Ferreira HS, Saraiva RM, Almeida TS, Fregoneze JB. Central kappa opioid receptors modulate salt appetite in rats. Physiol Behav 2012; 106:506-14. [PMID: 22484111 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The role of the central opioid system in the control of water and salt intake is complex, with both stimulatory and inhibitory effects having been observed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of the central κ-opioid receptors in the control of salt appetite. Male Wistar rats were submitted to two different experimental protocols: sodium deficit produced by the diuretic, furosemide, and brain angiotensinergic stimulation in rats under normal sodium balance. Lateral ventricle (LV) injections of Nor-binaltorphimine (Nor-BNI) at different doses (5, 10 and 20 nmol) inhibited hypertonic saline solution (1.5%) intake in sodium-depleted rats. The salt appetite induced by an LV injection of angiotensin II (Ang II) (10 ng) was also blocked by Nor-BNI injections into the LV, while no significant change was observed in water intake. Furthermore, the decrease in salt intake seems not to have been due to a general inhibition of locomotor activity or to any change in palatability, since central administration of Nor-BNI failed to modify the intake of a 0.1% saccharin solution when the animals were submitted to a "dessert test" or to induce any significant locomotor deficit in the open-field test. Also the central administration of Nor-BNI was unable to modify blood pressure in sodium-depleted animals. The present results suggest that activation of endogenous κ-opioid receptors modulates salt appetite induced by sodium depletion and by central angiotensinergic stimulation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I R Nascimento
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, 45200-000, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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