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Retrieval (N400) and integration (P600) in expectation-based comprehension. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257430. [PMID: 34582472 PMCID: PMC8478172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Expectation-based theories of language processing, such as Surprisal theory, are supported by evidence of anticipation effects in both behavioural and neurophysiological measures. Online measures of language processing, however, are known to be influenced by factors such as lexical association that are distinct from—but often confounded with—expectancy. An open question therefore is whether a specific locus of expectancy related effects can be established in neural and behavioral processing correlates. We address this question in an event-related potential experiment and a self-paced reading experiment that independently cross expectancy and lexical association in a context manipulation design. We find that event-related potentials reveal that the N400 is sensitive to both expectancy and lexical association, while the P600 is modulated only by expectancy. Reading times, in turn, reveal effects of both association and expectancy in the first spillover region, followed by effects of expectancy alone in the second spillover region. These findings are consistent with the Retrieval-Integration account of language comprehension, according to which lexical retrieval (N400) is facilitated for words that are both expected and associated, whereas integration difficulty (P600) will be greater for unexpected words alone. Further, an exploratory analysis suggests that the P600 is not merely sensitive to expectancy violations, but rather, that there is a continuous relation. Taken together, these results suggest that the P600, like reading times, may reflect a meaning-centric notion of Surprisal in language comprehension.
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Tarawneh HY, Mulders WH, Sohrabi HR, Martins RN, Jayakody DM. Investigating Auditory Electrophysiological Measures of Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Event-Related Potential Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:419-448. [PMID: 34569950 PMCID: PMC8609695 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objectively measuring auditory functions has been proposed as an avenue in differentiating normal age-related cognitive dysfunction from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal states. Previous research has suggested auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) to be non-invasive, cost-effective, and efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to review the published literature on AERPs measures in older adults diagnosed with AD and those at higher risk of developing AD, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline. METHODS The search was performed on six major electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus). Articles identified prior to 7 May 2019 were considered for this review. A random effects meta-analysis and analysis of between study heterogeneity was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS The search identified 1,076 articles; 74 articles met the full inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review, and 47 articles were included into the analyses. Pooled analysis suggests that AD participants can be differentiated from controls due to significant delays in ABR, N100, P200, N200, and P300 latencies. P300 amplitude was significantly smaller in AD participants compared to controls. P300 latencies differed significantly between MCI participants and controls based on the pooled analysis. CONCLUSION The findings of this review indicate that some AERPs may be valuable biomarkers of AD. In conjunction with currently available clinical and neuropsychological assessments, AERPs can aid in screening and diagnosis of prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Y. Tarawneh
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | | | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dona M.P. Jayakody
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- Ear Science Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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3
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Semantic Processing in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of the N400 Differences. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110770. [PMID: 33114051 PMCID: PMC7690742 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Semantic deficits are common in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These deficits notably impact the ability to understand words. In healthy aging, semantic knowledge increases but semantic processing (i.e., the ability to use this knowledge) may be impaired. This systematic review aimed to investigate semantic processing in healthy aging and AD through behavioral responses and the N400 brain event-related potential. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses suggested an overall decrease in accuracy and increase in response times in healthy elderly as compared to young adults, as well as in individuals with AD as compared to age-matched controls. The influence of semantic association, as measured by N400 effect amplitudes, appears smaller in healthy aging and even more so in AD patients. Thus, semantic processing differences may occur in both healthy and pathological aging. The establishment of norms of healthy aging for these outcomes that vary between normal and pathological aging could eventually help early detection of AD.
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Payne BR, Silcox JW. Aging, context processing, and comprehension. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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5
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Daltrozzo J, Emerson SN, Deocampo J, Singh S, Freggens M, Branum-Martin L, Conway CM. Visual statistical learning is related to natural language ability in adults: An ERP study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 166:40-51. [PMID: 28086142 PMCID: PMC5293669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Statistical learning (SL) is believed to enable language acquisition by allowing individuals to learn regularities within linguistic input. However, neural evidence supporting a direct relationship between SL and language ability is scarce. We investigated whether there are associations between event-related potential (ERP) correlates of SL and language abilities while controlling for the general level of selective attention. Seventeen adults completed tests of visual SL, receptive vocabulary, grammatical ability, and sentence completion. Response times and ERPs showed that SL is related to receptive vocabulary and grammatical ability. ERPs indicated that the relationship between SL and grammatical ability was independent of attention while the association between SL and receptive vocabulary depended on attention. The implications of these dissociative relationships in terms of underlying mechanisms of SL and language are discussed. These results further elucidate the cognitive nature of the links between SL mechanisms and language abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Daltrozzo
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Joanne Deocampo
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonia Singh
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marjorie Freggens
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee Branum-Martin
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M Conway
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Chiang HS, Mudar RA, Pudhiyidath A, Spence JS, Womack KB, Cullum CM, Tanner JA, Eroh J, Kraut MA, Hart J. Altered Neural Activity during Semantic Object Memory Retrieval in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment as Measured by Event-Related Potentials. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:703-17. [PMID: 25835419 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in semantic memory in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have been previously reported, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain to be clarified. We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with semantic memory retrieval in 16 individuals with aMCI as compared to 17 normal controls using the Semantic Object Retrieval Task (EEG SORT). In this task, subjects judged whether pairs of words (object features) elicited retrieval of an object (retrieval trials) or not (non-retrieval trials). Behavioral findings revealed that aMCI subjects had lower accuracy scores and marginally longer reaction time compared to controls. We used a multivariate analytical technique (STAT-PCA) to investigate similarities and differences in ERPs between aMCI and control groups. STAT-PCA revealed a left fronto-temporal component starting at around 750 ms post-stimulus in both groups. However, unlike controls, aMCI subjects showed an increase in the frontal-parietal scalp potential that distinguished retrieval from non-retrieval trials between 950 and 1050 ms post-stimulus negatively correlated with the performance on the logical memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. Thus, individuals with aMCI were not only impaired in their behavioral performance on SORT relative to controls, but also displayed alteration in the corresponding ERPs. The altered neural activity in aMCI compared to controls suggests a more sustained and effortful search during object memory retrieval, which may be a potential marker indicating disease processes at the pre-dementia stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Sheng Chiang
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Raksha A Mudar
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Athula Pudhiyidath
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyle B Womack
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy A Tanner
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Eroh
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Hart
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.,School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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7
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Saavedra C, Iglesias J, Olivares EI. Event-Related Potentials Elicited By Face Identity Processing In Elderly Adults With Cognitive Impairment. Exp Aging Res 2012; 38:220-45. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2012.660057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Zhang Y, Jiang X, Saalbach H, Zhou X. Multiple constraints on semantic integration in a hierarchical structure: ERP evidence from German. Brain Res 2011; 1410:89-100. [PMID: 21803335 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A recent ERP study on Chinese demonstrated dissociable neural responses to semantic integration processes at different levels of syntactic hierarchy (Zhou et al., 2010). However, it is unclear whether such findings are restricted to a non-case marked language that relies heavily on word order and semantic information for the construction of sentence representation. This study aimed to further investigate, in a case-marked language, how semantic processes in a hierarchical structure take place during sentence reading. We used German sentences with the structure "subject noun+verb+article/determiner+adjective+object noun+prepositional phrase", in which the object noun was constrained either at the lower level by the adjective or at the higher level by the verb, and manipulated the semantic congruency between the adjective and the object noun and/or between the verb and the object noun. EEGs were recorded while participants read sentences and judged for their semantic acceptability. Compared with correct sentences, a biphasic pattern of an N400 effect followed by a late positivity effect was observed on the object noun for sentences with either lower- or higher-level mismatch or with double mismatches. Both the N400 effect and the late positivity (P600) effect were larger for the double mismatch condition than for either of the single mismatch conditions. These findings demonstrate cross-language mechanisms for processing multiple semantic constraints at different levels of syntactic hierarchy during sentence comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Wlotko EW, Lee CL, Federmeier KD. Language of the aging brain: Event-related potential studies of comprehension in older adults. LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS COMPASS 2010; 4:623-638. [PMID: 20823949 PMCID: PMC2930790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-818x.2010.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging brings increased richness in knowledge and experience as well as declines in cognitive abilities. Event-related brain potential (ERP) studies of language comprehension corroborate findings showing that the structure and organization of semantic knowledge remains relatively stable with age. Highlighting the advantages of the temporal and functional specificity of ERPs, this survey focuses on age-related changes in higher-level processes required for the successful comprehension of meaning representations built from multiple words. Older adults rely on different neural pathways and cognitive processes during normal, everyday comprehension, including a shift away from the predictive use of sentential context, differential recruitment of neural resources, and reduced engagement of controlled processing. Within age groups, however, there are important individual differences that, for example, differentiate a subset of older adults whose processing patterns more closely resemble that of young adults, providing a window into cognitive skills and abilities that may mediate or moderate age-related declines.
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10
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Meyer AM, Federmeier KD. Event-related potentials reveal the effects of aging on meaning selection and revision. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:673-86. [PMID: 20210876 PMCID: PMC2907459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ERPs were recorded as older adults decided if a target word was related to a lateralized ambiguous or unambiguous prime; prime-target pairs were preceded by a related or unrelated context word. In an unrelated context, N400 facilitation effects differed from those seen in young adults, with older adults showing priming for the dominant meaning (e.g., BOOM-BANK-DEPOSIT) on right visual field/left hemisphere (RVF/LH) trials and priming for the subordinate meaning (e.g., BOOM-BANK-RIVER) on LVF/RH trials. Higher-functioning older adults, especially those with better inhibition, were more likely to show bilateral activation of the dominant meaning and unilateral activation of the subordinate meaning, suggesting a retention of young-like activation. In a biasing context (e.g., RIVER-BANK-DEPOSIT), older adults selected the contextually-consistent meaning, but were less likely than young adults to revise their selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Meyer
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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11
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Taler V, Aaron GP, Steinmetz LG, Pisoni DB. Lexical neighborhood density effects on spoken word recognition and production in healthy aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2010; 65:551-60. [PMID: 20542997 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbq039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of lexical competition and word frequency on spoken word recognition and production in healthy aging. Older (n = 16) and younger adults (n = 21) heard and repeated meaningful English sentences presented in the presence of multitalker babble at two signal-to-noise ratios, +10 and -3 dB. Each sentence contained three keywords of high or low word frequency and phonological neighborhood density (ND). Both participant groups responded less accurately to high- than low-ND stimuli; response latencies (from stimulus offset to response onset) were longer for high- than low-ND sentences, whereas response durations-time from response onset to response offset-were longer for low- than high-ND stimuli. ND effects were strongest for older adults in the most difficult conditions, and ND effects in accuracy were related to inhibitory function. The results suggest that the sentence repetition task described here taps the effects of lexical competition in both perception and production and that these effects are similar across the life span, but that accuracy in the lexical discrimination process is affected by declining inhibitory function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Taler
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
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12
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Van Petten C, Federmeier KD, Holcomb PJ. For distinguished contributions to psychophysiology: Marta Kutas. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:403-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Hoffmann I, Nemeth D, Dye CD, Pákáski M, Irinyi T, Kálmán J. Temporal parameters of spontaneous speech in Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2010; 12:29-34. [PMID: 20380247 DOI: 10.3109/17549500903137256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on four temporal parameters of spontaneous speech in three stages of Alzheimer's disease (mild, moderate, and severe) compared to age-matched normal controls. The analysis of the time course of speech has been shown to be a particularly sensitive neuropsychological method to investigate cognitive processes such as speech planning and production. The following parameters of speech were measured in Hungarian native-speakers with Alzheimer's disease and normal controls: articulation rate, speech tempo, hesitation ratio, and rate of grammatical errors. Results revealed significant differences in most of these speech parameters among the three Alzheimer's disease groups. Additionally, the clearest difference between the normal control group and the mild Alzheimer's disease group involved the hesitation ratio, which was significantly higher in the latter group. This parameter of speech may have diagnostic value for mild-stage Alzheimer's disease and therefore could be a useful aid in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Hoffmann
- Department of Linguistics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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14
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Duncan CC, Barry RJ, Connolly JF, Fischer C, Michie PT, Näätänen R, Polich J, Reinvang I, Van Petten C. Event-related potentials in clinical research: guidelines for eliciting, recording, and quantifying mismatch negativity, P300, and N400. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:1883-1908. [PMID: 19796989 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2009.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes recommended methods for the use of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in clinical research and reviews applications to a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Techniques are presented for eliciting, recording, and quantifying three major cognitive components with confirmed clinical utility: mismatch negativity (MMN), P300, and N400. Also highlighted are applications of each of the components as methods of investigating central nervous system pathology. The guidelines are intended to assist investigators who use ERPs in clinical research, in an effort to provide clear and concise recommendations and thereby to standardize methodology and facilitate comparability of data across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie C Duncan
- Clinical Psychophysiology and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Robert J Barry
- School of Psychology and Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - John F Connolly
- Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
| | - Catherine Fischer
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neurological Hospital and INSERM U821, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Risto Näätänen
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John Polich
- Cognitive Electrophysiology Laboratory, Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cyma Van Petten
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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15
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Taler V, Klepousniotou E, Phillips NA. Comprehension of lexical ambiguity in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment, and mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia 2009; 47:1332-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Daltrozzo J, Wioland N, Kotchoubey B. Sex differences in two event-related potentials components related to semantic priming. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2007; 36:555-68. [PMID: 17334908 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-006-9161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although sex differences in language processing are well documented in behavioral studies, only a few electrophysiological studies have explored this topic. We analyzed sex differences in two language-related components of event-related potentials (ERPs): the N400 and the Late Positive Complex (LPC). Ten men and 10 women, matched by age and handedness, participated in the study. Two semantic priming paradigms were presented: word pairs (60 congruent and 60 incongruent) and sentences (50 with congruent and 50 with incongruent ending words). In addition, the effect of context was investigated by a comparison between ERP effects obtained in single word priming and sentential priming. The N400 effect was earlier and larger in women, and the LPC effect was larger in men. Furthermore, the LPC effect in men, but not in women, was much larger with sentence priming than with word priming, suggesting that the LPC effect may be more dependent on context in men than in women. The opposite sex difference on the two ERP components indicates different underlying mechanisms. While the LPC effect is thought to be generated by purely explicit mechanisms, such as postlexical integrative processes, the N400 effect may be also governed by prelexical implicit and explicit mechanisms. Our results were consistent with the notion of more automated processing of language in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Daltrozzo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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17
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Van Petten C, Luka BJ. Neural localization of semantic context effects in electromagnetic and hemodynamic studies. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2006; 97:279-93. [PMID: 16343606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Measures of electrical brain activity (event-related potentials, ERPs) have been useful in understanding language processing for several decades. Extant data suggest that the amplitude of the N400 component of the ERP is a general index of the ease or difficulty of retrieving stored conceptual knowledge associated with a word, which is dependent on both the stored representation itself, and the retrieval cues provided by the preceding context. Recordings from patients with brain damage, intracranial recordings, and magnetoencephalographic data implicate a (probably large portion of) the left temporal lobe as the largest source of the N400 semantic context effect, with a substantial but lesser contribution from the right temporal lobe. Event-related functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) studies using semantic context manipulations are dominated by observations of greater hemodynamic activity for incongruent sentence completions or semantically unrelated words than congruent or related words, consistent with the direction of the ERP effect. The locations of the hemodynamic effects show some variability across studies, but one commonly identified region is the left superior temporal gyrus, which is compatible with the electrophysiological results. A second commonly identified region in the fMRI studies is the left inferior frontal gyrus, which does not appear to make a substantial contribution to the N400 effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyma Van Petten
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Coulson S, Federmeier KD, Van Petten C, Kutas M. Right hemisphere sensitivity to word- and sentence-level context: evidence from event-related brain potentials. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2005; 31:129-47. [PMID: 15641911 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.31.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Researchers using lateralized stimuli have suggested that the left hemisphere is sensitive to sentence-level context, whereas the right hemisphere (RH) primarily processes word-level meaning. The authors investigated this message-blind RH model by measuring associative priming with event-related brain potentials (ERPs). For word pairs in isolation, associated words elicited more positive ERPs than unassociated words with similar magnitudes and onset latencies in both visual fields. Embedded in sentences, these same pairs showed large sentential context effects in both fields. Small effects of association were observed, confined to incongruous sentences after right visual hemifield presentation but present for both congruous and incongruous sentences after left visual hemifield presentation. Results do not support the message-blind RH model but do suggest hemispheric asymmetries in the use of word and sentence context during real-time processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seana Coulson
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0515, USA.
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Wolk DA, Schacter DL, Berman AR, Holcomb PJ, Daffner KR, Budson AE. Patients with mild Alzheimer's disease attribute conceptual fluency to prior experience. Neuropsychologia 2005; 43:1662-72. [PMID: 16009248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been found to be relatively dependent on familiarity in their recognition memory judgments. Conceptual fluency has been argued to be an important basis of familiarity. This study investigated the extent to which patients with mild AD use conceptual fluency cues in their recognition decisions. While no evidence of recognition memory was found in the patients with AD, enhanced conceptual fluency was associated with a higher rate of "Old" responses (items endorsed as having been studied) compared to when fluency was not enhanced. The magnitude of this effect was similar for patients with AD and healthy control participants. Additionally, ERP recordings time-locked to test item presentation revealed preserved modulations thought critical to the effect of conceptual fluency on test performance (N400 and late frontal components) in the patients with AD, consistent with the behavioral results. These findings suggest that patients with mild AD are able to use conceptual fluency in their recognition judgments and the neural mechanisms supporting such processing is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wolk
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Federmeier KD, Van Petten C, Schwartz TJ, Kutas M. Sounds, Words, Sentences: Age-Related Changes Across Levels of Language Processing. Psychol Aging 2003; 18:858-72. [PMID: 14692871 DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in sensory, lexical, and sentence processing were examined and compared using event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded as young and elderly participants listened to natural speech for comprehension. Lexically associated and unassociated word pairs were embedded in meaningful or syntactically legal but meaningless sentences. Early, general sensory, and attention-related responses (N1, P2) were delayed by about 25 ms for older participants, but later components indexing semantic processing (N400) were not delayed. There were no differences in the size, timing, or distribution of lexical associative effects for the two groups. In contrast, message-level context effects were delayed by more than 200 ms in the elderly group. The results support models that posit age-related changes primarily in higher order language processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara D Federmeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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