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McCane AM, Kronheim L, Torrado Pacheco A, Moghaddam B. Adolescents rats engage the orbitofrontal-striatal pathway differently than adults during impulsive actions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8605. [PMID: 38615065 PMCID: PMC11016110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by increased impulsive and risk-taking behaviors. To better understand the neural networks that subserves impulsivity in adolescents, we used a reward-guided behavioral model that quantifies age differences in impulsive actions in adult and adolescent rats of both sexes. Using chemogenetics, we identified orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) projections to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) as a critical pathway for age-related execution of impulsive actions. Simultaneous recording of single units and local field potentials in the OFC and DMS during task performance revealed an overall muted response in adolescents during impulsive actions as well as age-specific differences in theta power and OFC-DMS functional connectivity. Collectively, these data reveal that the OFC-DMS pathway is critical for age-differences in reward-guided impulsive actions and provide a network mechanism to enhance our understanding of how adolescent and adult brains coordinate behavioral inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lo Kronheim
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Bita Moghaddam
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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2
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Pan X, Wang Z. Cortical and subcortical contributions to non-motor inhibitory control: an fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10909-10917. [PMID: 37724423 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition is a core executive cognitive function. However, the neural correlates of non-motor inhibitory control are not well understood. We investigated this question using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and a simple Count Go/NoGo task (n = 23), and further explored the causal relationships between activated brain regions. We found that the Count NoGo task activated a distinct pattern in the subcortical basal ganglia, including bilateral ventral anterior/lateral nucleus of thalamus (VA/VL), globus pallidus/putamen (GP/putamen), and subthalamic nucleus (STN). Stepwise regressions and mediation analyses revealed that activations in these region(s) were modulated differently by only 3 cortical regions i.e. the right inferior frontal gyrus/insula (rIFG/insula), along with left IFG/insula, and anterior cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area (ACC/SMA). The activations of bilateral VA/VL were modulated by both rSTN and rIFG/insula (with rGP/putamen as a mediator) independently, and the activation of rGP/putamen was modulated by ACC/SMA, with rIFG/insula as a mediator. Our findings provide the neural correlates of inhibitory control of counting and causal relationships between them, and strongly suggest that both indirect and hyperdirect pathways of the basal ganglia are involved in the Count NoGo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Psychological Counseling Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
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3
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Avnit A, Zibman S, Alyagon U, Zangen A. Abnormal functional asymmetry and its behavioural correlates in adults with ADHD: A TMS-EEG study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285086. [PMID: 37228131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal functional brain asymmetry and deficient response inhibition are two core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether these symptoms are inter-related and whether they are underlined by altered frontal excitability and by compromised interhemispheric connectivity. METHODS We studied these issues in 52 ADHD and 43 non-clinical adults by comparing: (1) stop-signal reaction time (SSRT); (2) frontal asymmetry of the N200 event-related potential component, which is evoked during response inhibition and is lateralised to the right hemisphere; (3) TMS-evoked potential (TEP) in the right frontal hemisphere, which is indicative of local cortical excitability; and (4) frontal right-to-left interhemispheric TMS signal propagation (ISP), which is reversely indicative of interhemispheric connectivity. RESULTS Compared to controls, the ADHD group demonstrated elongated SSRT, reduced N200 right-frontal-asymmetry, weaker TEP, and stronger ISP. Moreover, in the ADHD group, N200 right-frontal-asymmetry correlated with SSRT, with TEP, and with symptoms severity. Conversely, no relationship was observed between ISP and N200 right-frontal-asymmetry, and both TEP and ISP were found to be unrelated to SSRT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that abnormal frontal asymmetry is related to a key cognitive symptom in ADHD and suggest that it is underlined by reduced right-frontal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Avnit
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Samuel Zibman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Uri Alyagon
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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4
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Park SY, Schott N. Which motor-cognitive abilities underlie the digital Trail-Making Test? Decomposing various test scores to detect cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease-Pilot study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36412487 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder with symptoms, such as tremors, gait and speech disturbances, or memory loss, individualized diagnostics are needed to optimize treatment. In their current form, the typical paper-pencil methods traditionally used to track disease progression are too coarse to capture the subtleties of clinical phenomena. For this reason, digital biomarkers that capture, for example, motor function, cognition, and behavior using apps, wearables, and tracking systems are becoming increasingly established. However, given the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in PD, digital cognitive biomarkers to predict mental progression are important in clinical practice. This pilot study aimed to identify those components of our digital version of the TMT (dTMT) that allow discrimination between PD patients with and without cognitive deficits. A total of 30 healthy control (age 66.3 ± 8.61) and 30 participants with PD (age 68.3 ± 9.66) performed the dTMT using a touch-sensitive tablet to capture enhanced performance metrics, such as the speed between and inside circles. The decomposition of cognitive abilities based on integrating additional variables in the dTMT revealed that the Parkinson's disease group was significantly more sensitive to parameters of inhibitory control. In contrast, the mild cognitive impairment group was sensitive to parameters of cognitive flexibility and working memory. The dTMT allows objective, ecologically valid, and long-term cognitive and fine-motor performance tracking, suggesting its potential as a digital biomarker in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yong Park
- Department of Sport Psychology & Human Movement Performance, Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadja Schott
- Department of Sport Psychology & Human Movement Performance, Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Rahman S, Siddique U, Choudhury S, Islam N, Roy A, Basu P, Anand SS, Islam MA, Shahi MS, Nayeem A, Chowdhury MTI, Chowdhury MSJH, Taylor JP, Baker MR, Baker SN, Kumar H. Comparing Stop Signal Reaction Times in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Can J Neurol Sci 2022; 49:662-671. [PMID: 34321129 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relative contributions of cerebral cortex and basal ganglia to movement stopping, we tested the optimum combination Stop Signal Reaction Time (ocSSRT) and median visual reaction time (RT) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) and compared values with data from healthy controls. METHODS Thirty-five PD patients, 22 AD patients, and 29 healthy controls were recruited to this study. RT and ocSSRT were measured using a hand-held battery-operated electronic box through a stop signal paradigm. RESULT The mean ocSSRT was found to be 309 ms, 368 ms, and 265 ms in AD, PD, and healthy controls, respectively, and significantly prolonged in PD compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001). The ocSSRT but not RT could separate AD from PD patients (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that subcortical networks encompassing dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia play a more important role than cortical networks in movement-stopping. Combining ocSSRT with other putative indices or biomarkers of AD (and other dementias) could increase the accuracy of early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Rahman
- Department of Neurology, RGCM Research Centre, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Ummatul Siddique
- Department of Neurology, RGCM Research Centre, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Supriyo Choudhury
- Department of Neurology, RGCM Research Centre, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Nazrul Islam
- National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Agargoan, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Akash Roy
- Department of Neurology, RGCM Research Centre, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Purba Basu
- Department of Neurology, RGCM Research Centre, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Sidharth Shankar Anand
- Department of Neurology, RGCM Research Centre, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Abu Nayeem
- National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Agargoan, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Mark R Baker
- Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stuart N Baker
- Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, RGCM Research Centre, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
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6
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Liebrand M, Solbakk AK, Funderud I, Buades-Rotger M, Knight RT, Krämer UM. Intact Proactive Motor Inhibition after Unilateral Prefrontal Cortex or Basal Ganglia Lesions. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:1862-1879. [PMID: 34375417 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous research provided evidence for the critical importance of the PFC and BG for reactive motor inhibition, that is, when actions are cancelled in response to external signals. Less is known about the role of the PFC and BG in proactive motor inhibition, referring to preparation for an upcoming stop signal. In this study, patients with unilateral lesions to the BG or lateral PFC performed in a cued go/no-go task, whereas their EEG was recorded. The paradigm called for cue-based preparation for upcoming, lateralized no-go signals. Based on previous findings, we focused on EEG indices of cognitive control (prefrontal beta), motor preparation (sensorimotor mu/beta, contingent negative variation [CNV]), and preparatory attention (occipital alpha, CNV). On a behavioral level, no differences between patients and controls were found, suggesting an intact ability to proactively prepare for motor inhibition. Patients showed an altered preparatory CNV effect, but no other differences in electrophysiological activity related to proactive and reactive motor inhibition. Our results suggest a context-dependent role of BG and PFC structures in motor inhibition, being critical in reactive, unpredictable contexts, but less so in situations where one can prepare for stopping on a short timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Kristin Solbakk
- University of Oslo, Norway.,Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Funderud
- University of Oslo, Norway.,Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Macià Buades-Rotger
- University of Lübeck, Germany.,Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Yeung MK, Tsuchida A, Fellows LK. Causal Prefrontal Contributions to Stop-Signal Task Performance in Humans. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:1784-1797. [PMID: 33226316 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The frontal lobes have long been implicated in inhibitory control, but a full understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. The stop-signal task has been widely used to probe instructed response inhibition in cognitive neuroscience. The processes involved have been modeled and related to putative brain substrates. However, there has been surprisingly little human lesion research using this task, with the few existing studies implicating different prefrontal regions. Here, we tested the effects of focal prefrontal damage on stop-signal task performance in a large sample of people with chronic focal damage affecting the frontal lobes (n = 42) and demographically matched healthy individuals (n = 60). Patients with damage to the left lateral, right lateral, dorsomedial, or ventromedial frontal lobe had slower stop-signal RT compared to healthy controls. There were systematic differences in the patterns of impairment across frontal subgroups: Those with damage to the left or right lateral and dorsomedial frontal lobes, but not those with ventromedial frontal damage, were slower than controls to "go" as well as to stop. These findings suggest that multiple prefrontal regions make necessary but distinct contributions to stop-signal task performance. As a consequence, stop-signal RT slowing is not strongly localizing within the frontal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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8
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Szkudlarek HJ, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Hudson R, De Felice M, Jung T, Rushlow WJ, Laviolette SR. THC and CBD produce divergent effects on perception and panic behaviours via distinct cortical molecular pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110029. [PMID: 32623021 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and pre-clinical evidence demonstrates divergent psychotropic effects of THC vs. CBD. While THC can induce perceptual distortions and anxiogenic effects, CBD displays antipsychotic and anxiolytic properties. A key brain region responsible for regulation of cognition and affect, the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), is strongly modulated by cannabinoids, suggesting that these dissociable THC/CBD-dependent effects may involve functional and molecular interplay within the PFC. The primary aim of this study was to investigate potential interactions and molecular substrates involved in PFC-mediated effects of THC and CBD on differential cognitive and affective behavioural processing. Male Sprague Dawley rats received intra-PFC microinfusions of THC, CBD or their combination, and tested in the latent inhibition paradigm, spontaneous oddity discrimination test, elevated T-maze and open field. To identify local, drug-induced molecular modulation in the PFC, PFC samples were collected and processed with Western Blotting. Intra-PFC THC induced strong panic-like responses that were counteracted with CBD. In contrast, CBD did not affect panic-like behaviours but blocked formation of associative fear memories and impaired latent inhibition and oddity discrimination performance. Interestingly, these CBD effects were dependent upon 5-HT1A receptor transmission but not influenced by THC co-administration. Moreover, THC induced robust phosphorylation of ERK1/2 that was prevented by CBD, while CBD decreased phosphorylation of p70S6K, independently of THC. These results suggest that intra-PFC infusion of THC promotes panic-like behaviour associated with increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In contrast, CBD impairs perceptive functions and latent inhibition via activation of 5-HT1A receptors and reduced phosphorylation of p70S6K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Szkudlarek
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Roger Hudson
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Marta De Felice
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Tony Jung
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Walter J Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry. Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry. Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
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9
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Wang H, Fan L, Song M, Liu B, Wu D, Jiang R, Li J, Li A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Chaarani B, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Jiang T. Functional Connectivity Predicts Individual Development of Inhibitory Control during Adolescence. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:2686-2700. [PMID: 33386409 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Derailment of inhibitory control (IC) underlies numerous psychiatric and behavioral disorders, many of which emerge during adolescence. Identifying reliable predictive biomarkers that place the adolescents at elevated risk for future IC deficits can help guide early interventions, yet the scarcity of longitudinal research has hindered the progress. Here, using a large-scale longitudinal dataset in which the same subjects performed a stop signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at ages 14 and 19, we tracked their IC development individually and tried to find the brain features predicting their development by constructing prediction models using 14-year-olds' functional connections within a network or between a pair of networks. The participants had distinct between-subject trajectories in their IC development. Of the candidate connections used for prediction, ventral attention-subcortical network interconnections could predict the individual development of IC and formed a prediction model that generalized to previously unseen individuals. Furthermore, we found that connectivity between these two networks was related to substance abuse problems, an IC-deficit related problematic behavior, within 5 years. Our study reveals individual differences in IC development from mid- to late-adolescence and highlights the importance of ventral attention-subcortical network interconnections in predicting future IC development and substance abuse in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Song
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongya Wu
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ang Li
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud-University Paris Saclay, DIGITEO Labs, Rue Noetzlin, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud-University Paris Saclay, DIGITEO Labs, Gif sur Yvette; and Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46a01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.,PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China.,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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10
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Mole J, Foddai E, Chan E, Xu T, Cipolotti L. Is the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test sensitive to frontal dysfunction? Evidence from patients with frontal and posterior lesions. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:531-543. [PMID: 32619157 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1776223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test is a widely used neuropsychological test, thought to assess executive functions and to be sensitive to frontal lobe lesions. Our aim was to investigate Brixton performance in patients with focal frontal or posterior lesions and healthy controls. METHOD We compared performance on the Brixton in a sample of 24 frontal patients, 18 posterior patients and 22 healthy controls. Both overall performance (total number of errors) and error types were analyzed. RESULTS We found no significant differences between frontal and posterior patients and healthy controls in overall Brixton performance. Moreover, our error analysis showed no difference between frontal patients, posterior patients and healthy controls. The only exception was that posterior patients had a greater tendency to guess and make more errors when following specific rules than healthy controls but this was no longer significant once fluid intelligence was controlled for. We also found no significant difference between the performance of patients with left lateral (n = 11), right lateral (n = 10) or superior medial (n = 18) frontal lesions and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The Brixton test is not sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. It is likely that the test draws on a range of cognitive abilities not specific to frontal lobe lesions. Hence, caution should be taken when drawing conclusions about its neural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mole
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London, UK.,Institute of Neurology, University College London , London, UK
| | - Eleonora Foddai
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London, UK
| | - Edgar Chan
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London, UK.,Institute of Neurology, University College London , London, UK
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Institute of Neurology, University College London , London, UK
| | - Lisa Cipolotti
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery , London, UK.,Institute of Neurology, University College London , London, UK
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11
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Kolodny T, Mevorach C, Stern P, Biderman N, Ankaoua M, Tsafrir S, Shalev L. Fronto-parietal engagement in response inhibition is inversely scaled with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 25:102119. [PMID: 31865022 PMCID: PMC6928458 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel Go/No-go task points to a critical role for the IPS in response inhibition. IPS engagement in response inhibition is scaled back with ADHD symptom severity. Fronto-parietal connectivity increases when response inhibition is challenging. Connectivity modulation is also scaled back with ADHD symptom severity.
Background Impaired response inhibition is one of the most consistent findings in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the underlying brain mechanisms are not clear. This study aimed to underpin atypical inhibition-related brain activation and connectivity patterns in ADHD using a novel Go/No-go task design, and to determine its association with clinical symptoms of the disorder. Methods Forty-eight adults with ADHD performed a Go/No-go task in which target frequency was manipulated during functional MRI. Specific inhibition-related brain activation was correlated with ADHD symptom severity, to assess the relationship of individual differences in engagement of inhibition-related brain circuits with the magnitude of every-day functioning impairments. Finally, generalized psychophysical interaction analyses were carried out to examine whether not only engagement but also functional connectivity between regions implicated in response inhibition is related to symptom severity. Results We found no evidence for the expected parietal modulation by increased demand for inhibition at the group-level results. However, this lack of modulation was mediated by individual differences in ADHD symptom severity – increased engagement of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in inhibition-demanding events was evident in individuals with less severe symptoms but dissipated with increase in symptomatology. Similarly, functional connectivity between the IPS and the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) was elevated under high inhibitory demand conditions, but this effect diminished with increased symptom severity. Conclusions The results highlight the importance of IPS engagement in response inhibition and suggest that IPS modulation may be driven by top-down control from the IFG. Moreover, the current findings force the point of treating ADHD as a continuum whereby brain correlates are scaled with severity of the disorder, and point to the potential use of individual differences in the modulation of IPS activation and connectivity as a neuromarker of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kolodny
- Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Carmel Mevorach
- School of Psychology and the Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pnina Stern
- Constantiner School of Education, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalie Biderman
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Ankaoua
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Lilach Shalev
- Constantiner School of Education, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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12
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Cerebral blood flow responses during prosaccade and antisaccade preparation in major depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:813-822. [PMID: 30421150 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While impairments in executive functions have been well established in major depressive disorder (MDD), specific deficits in proactive control have scarcely been studied so far. Proactive control refers to cognitive processes during anticipation of a behaviorally relevant event that facilitate readiness to react. In this study, cerebral blood flow responses were investigated in MDD patients during a precued antisaccade task requiring preparatory attention and proactive inhibition. Using functional transcranial Doppler sonography, blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries of both hemispheres were recorded in 40 MDD patients and 40 healthy controls. In the task, a target appeared left or right of the fixation point 5 s after a cuing stimulus; subjects had to move their gaze to the target (prosaccade) or its mirror image position (antisaccade). Video-based eye-tracking was applied for ocular recording. A right dominant blood flow increase arose during prosaccade and antisaccade preparation, which was smaller in MDD patients than controls. Patients exhibited a higher error rate than controls for antisaccades but not prosaccades. The smaller blood flow response may reflect blunted anticipatory activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices in MDD. The patients' increased antisaccade error rate suggests deficient inhibitory control. The findings support the notion of impairments in proactive control in MDD, which are clinically relevant as they may contribute to the deficits in cognition and behavioral regulation that characterize the disorder.
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13
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Individual differences in the effect of menstrual cycle on basal ganglia inhibitory control. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11063. [PMID: 31363112 PMCID: PMC6667495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglia (BG) are involved in inhibitory control (IC) and known to change in structure and activation along the menstrual cycle. Therefore, we investigated BG activation and connectivity patterns related to IC during different cycle phases. Thirty-six naturally cycling women were scanned three times performing a Stop Signal Task and hormonal levels analysed from saliva samples. We found an impaired Stop signal reaction time (SSRT) during pre-ovulatory compared to menses the higher the baseline IC of women. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)-response in bilateral putamen significantly decreased during the luteal phase. Connectivity strength from the left putamen displayed an interactive effect of cycle and IC. During pre-ovulatory the connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex and left inferior parietal lobe was significantly stronger the higher the IC, and during luteal with left supplementary motor area. Right putamen's activation and left hemisphere's connectivity predicted the SSRT across participants. Therefore, we propose a compensatory mechanism for the hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle based on a lateralized pattern.
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14
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Schmidt CC, Timpert DC, Arend I, Vossel S, Dovern A, Saliger J, Karbe H, Fink GR, Henik A, Weiss PH. Preserved but Less Efficient Control of Response Interference After Unilateral Lesions of the Striatum. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:414. [PMID: 30459578 PMCID: PMC6232767 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research on the neural basis of cognitive control processes has mainly focused on cortical areas, while the role of subcortical structures in cognitive control is less clear. Models of basal ganglia function as well as clinical studies in neurodegenerative diseases suggest that the striatum (putamen and caudate nucleus) modulates the inhibition of interfering responses and thereby contributes to an important aspect of cognitive control, namely response interference control. To further investigate the putative role of the striatum in the control of response interference, 23 patients with stroke-induced lesions of the striatum and 32 age-matched neurologically healthy controls performed a unimanual version of the Simon task. In the Simon task, the correspondence between stimulus location and response location is manipulated so that control over response interference can be inferred from the reaction time costs in incongruent trials. Results showed that stroke patients responded overall slower and more erroneous than controls. The difference in response times (RTs) between incongruent and congruent trials (known as the Simon effect) was smaller in the ipsilesional/-lateral hemifield, but did not differ significantly between groups. However, in contrast to controls, stroke patients exhibited an abnormally stable Simon effect across the reaction time distribution indicating a reduced efficiency of the inhibition process. Thus, in stroke patients unilateral lesions of the striatum did not significantly impair the general ability to control response interference, but led to less efficient selective inhibition of interfering responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Schmidt
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - David C Timpert
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabel Arend
- Department of Psychology and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Simone Vossel
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Dovern
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochen Saliger
- Neurological Rehabilitation Centre Godeshöhe, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans Karbe
- Neurological Rehabilitation Centre Godeshöhe, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Avishai Henik
- Department of Psychology and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Peter H Weiss
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Rodrigues DM, Manfro GG, Levitan RD, Steiner M, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Moderating effect of PLIN4 genetic variant on impulsivity traits in 5-year-old-children born small for gestational age. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 137:19-25. [PMID: 30293593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor fetal growth is associated with long-term behavioral, metabolic and psychiatric alterations, including impulsivity, insulin resistance, and mood disorders. However, the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) seems to be protective for this population, improving inhibitory control and behavioral reactivity. We investigated whether the presence of the A allele of rs8887 SNP (PLIN4 gene), known to be associated with increased sensitivity to the consumption of n-3 PUFAs, interacts with fetal growth influencing inhibitory control. 152 five-year-old children were genotyped and performed the Stop Signal Task (SSRT). There was a significant interaction between birth weight and the presence of the A allele on SSRT performance, in which lower birth weight associated with poorer inhibitory control only in non-carriers. These results suggest that a higher responsiveness to n-3 PUFAS protects small for gestational age children from developing poor response inhibition, highlighting that optimizing n-3 PUFA intake may benefit this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Daniel Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University. Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Joseph Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Canada.
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16
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Bedore CD, Livermore J, Lehmann H, Brown LE. Comparing three portable, tablet-based visuomotor tasks to laboratory versions: An assessment of test validity. JOURNAL OF CONCUSSION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2059700218799146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of visuomotor function can provide important information about neurological status. Many tasks exist for testing visuomotor function in the laboratory, but the availability of portable, easy-to-use versions that allow reliable, accurate, and precise measurement of movement timing and accuracy has been limited. We developed a tablet application that uses three laboratory visuomotor tests: the double-step task, interception task, and stop-signal task. We asked the participants to perform both the lab and tablet versions of each task and compared their response patterns across equipment types to assess the validity of the tablet versions. On the double-step task, the participants adjusted to the displaced target adequately in both the lab and tablet versions. On the interception task, the participants intercepted nonaccelerating targets and performed worse on accelerating targets in both versions of the task. On the stop-signal task, the participants successfully inhibited their reaching movements on short stop-signal delays (50–150 ms) more frequently than on long stop-signal delays (200 ms) in both versions of the task. Our findings suggest that the tablet version of each task assesses visuomotor processing in the same way as their respective laboratory version, thus providing the research community with a new tool to assess visuomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine Livermore
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Hugo Lehmann
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Liana E Brown
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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17
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Blair R, Veroude K, Buitelaar J. Neuro-cognitive system dysfunction and symptom sets: A review of fMRI studies in youth with conduct problems. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 91:69-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Duschek S, Hoffmann A, Montoro CI, Reyes Del Paso GA, Schuepbach D, Ettinger U. Cerebral blood flow modulations during preparatory attention and proactive inhibition. Biol Psychol 2018; 137:65-72. [PMID: 30006269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated cerebral blood flow modulations during task preparation in a precued saccade paradigm. Bilateral blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral arteries were recorded in 48 subjects using functional transcranial Doppler sonography. Video-based eye-tracking was applied for ocular recording. Antisaccade and prosaccade trials were presented in both block-wise and interleaved order. A right dominant flow response arose during task preparation. While the response was stronger during antisaccade than prosaccade trials, the degree of lateralisation did not differ between the two trial types. Direction error rates were higher and latencies were longer for antisaccades than prosaccades. There were no differences between block-wise and interleaved trials in blood flow or performance. The stronger blood flow increases during antisaccade than prosaccade preparation reflects the complexity of the upcoming task demands as well as proactive inhibition. The right hemispheric lateralisation may be attributed to preparatory attention independent of demands on inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Duschek
- UMIT - Institute of Psychology, University for Health Sciences Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria.
| | - Alexandra Hoffmann
- UMIT - Institute of Psychology, University for Health Sciences Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria.
| | - Casandra I Montoro
- UMIT - Institute of Psychology, University for Health Sciences Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria.
| | | | - Daniel Schuepbach
- Hospital Weissenhof, Weinsberg, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, 74189 Weinsberg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
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19
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Smulders SFA, Soetens ELL, van der Molen MW. How Do Children Deal With Conflict? A Developmental Study of Sequential Conflict Modulation. Front Psychol 2018; 9:766. [PMID: 29875718 PMCID: PMC5974159 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined age-related differences in sequential conflict modulation (SCM), elicited in three tasks requiring the inhibition of pre-potent responses; a Simon task, an S-R compatibility (SRC) task and a hybrid Choice-reaction/NoGo task. The primary focus was on age-related changes in performance changes following a conflict trial. A secondary aim was to assess whether SCM follows different developmental trajectories depending on the type of conflict elicited by the tasks. The tasks were presented to three different groups of participants with an age range between 7- to 25-years-one group of participants for each task. For each task, the response-to-stimulus interval (RSI) was manipulated (50 vs. 500 ms) across trial blocks to assess time-dependent changes in conflict modulation. The results showed SCM for all three tasks, although the specific patterns differed between tasks and RSIs. Importantly, the magnitude of SCM decreased with advancing age, but this developmental trend did not survive when considering age-group differences in basic response speed. The current results contribute to the emerging evidence suggesting that patterns of SCM are task specific and were interpreted in terms of multiple bottom-up control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric L. L. Soetens
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Xu KZ, Mayse JD, Courtney S. Evidence for selective adjustments of inhibitory control in a variant of the stop signal task. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2018; 72:818-831. [DOI: 10.1177/1747021818768721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to inhibit actions inappropriate for the context is essential for meeting the shifting demands of complex environments. The stop signal task (SST) has been used in many previous studies to examine the interactions between go and stop responses in a cognitively demanding task involving attention, conflict resolution, and motor plan selection. The current study uses a variant of the SST, in which the continue signal instructs participants to proceed with the go response they were preparing. Reaction times (RTs) on continue trials were bimodally distributed, suggesting that an aspect of inhibition was involved in at least some of the trials. We investigated whether the cognitive processes delaying the generation of a behavioural response on continue trials are the same as for stop trials. We found improvement of stop signal reaction times (SSRTs) following stop trials, but the decrease in continue signal reaction times (CSRTs) was not significant. No improvement in either SSRT or CSRT was found following continue trials, suggesting that activation of the processes delaying the response on continue trials is insufficient to drive subsequent adjustments in SSRT or CSRT. In addition, go RTs only slowed following stop trials. These effects may suggest the presence of a selective learning process, which requires that the initial inhibition captured by SSRT and CSRT be combined with recognition of the stop signal specifically to affect subsequent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Z Xu
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Pinterest, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Mayse
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Susan Courtney
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Yang XQ, Lauzon B, Seergobin KN, MacDonald PA. Dopaminergic Therapy Increases Go Timeouts in the Go/No-Go Task in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 11:642. [PMID: 29354045 PMCID: PMC5758505 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. Dopaminergic medications such as L-dopa treat these motor symptoms, but can have complex effects on cognition. Impulse control is an essential cognitive function. Impulsivity is multifaceted in nature. Motor impulsivity involves the inability to withhold pre-potent, automatic, erroneous responses. In contrast, cognitive impulsivity refers to improper risk-reward assessment guiding behavior. Informed by our previous research, we anticipated that dopaminergic therapy would decrease motor impulsivity though it is well known to enhance cognitive impulsivity. We employed the Go/No-go paradigm to assess motor impulsivity in PD. Patients with PD were tested using a Go/No-go task on and off their normal dopaminergic medication. Participants completed cognitive, mood, and physiological measures. PD patients on medication had a significantly higher proportion of Go trial Timeouts (i.e., trials in which Go responses were not completed prior to a deadline of 750 ms) compared to off medication (p = 0.01). No significant ON-OFF differences were found for Go trial or No-go trial response times (RTs), or for number of No-go errors. We interpret that dopaminergic therapy induces a more conservative response set, reflected in Go trial Timeouts in PD patients. In this way, dopaminergic therapy decreased motor impulsivity in PD patients. This is in contrast to the widely recognized effects of dopaminergic therapy on cognitive impulsivity leading in some patients to impulse control disorders. Understanding the nuanced effects of dopaminergic treatment in PD on cognitive functions such as impulse control will clarify therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Q. Yang
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Lauzon
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ken N. Seergobin
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Penny A. MacDonald
- MacDonald Lab, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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22
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Barlow RL, Dalley JW, Pekcec A. Differences in trait impulsivity do not bias the response to pharmacological drug challenge in the rat five-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1199-1209. [PMID: 29374304 PMCID: PMC5869891 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Maladaptive impulsivity is symptomatic of several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance abuse disorders; paradigms designed to assess the underlying neurobiology of this behavior are essential for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Various models may be used to assess impulsivity as measured by the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), including variable inter-trial interval (ITI) sessions, the selection of extreme high and low impulsivity phenotypes from a large outbred population of rats, as well as pharmacological challenges. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate if pharmacological challenge models for impulsivity are biased by underlying differences in impulsivity phenotype. METHODS Extreme high and low impulsivity phenotypes were selected in the 5-CSRTT, and dose-dependent effects of various pharmacological challenges, namely MK-801, yohimbine, and cocaine, were evaluated on task performance, specifically accuracy and premature responses. RESULTS All three compounds increased premature responding, while a decrease in attentional performance occurred following MK-801 and yohimbine administration. No differences in drug-induced impulsivity between rats selected for high or low impulsivity or in parameters indicative of attentional performance could be determined. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that different pharmacological challenges increase impulsivity on the 5-CSRTT, with modest effects on attention. These effects were not influenced by underlying differences in impulsivity phenotype, which is an important prerequisite to reliably use these challenge models to screen and profile compounds with putative anti-impulsive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Barlow
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Division Research Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Anton Pekcec
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Division Research Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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23
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Roseberry T, Kreitzer A. Neural circuitry for behavioural arrest. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0197. [PMID: 28242731 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to stop ongoing movement is fundamental to animal survival. Behavioural arrest involves the hierarchical integration of information throughout the forebrain, which ultimately leads to the coordinated inhibition and activation of specific brainstem motor centres. Recent advances have shed light on multiple regions and pathways involved in this critical behavioural process. Here, we synthesize these new findings together with previous work to build a more complete understanding of the circuit mechanisms underlying suppression of ongoing action. We focus on three specific conditions leading to behavioural arrest: goal completion, fear and startle. We outline the circuitry responsible for the production of these behaviours and discuss their dysfunction in neurological disease.This article is part of the themed issue 'Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roseberry
- The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anatol Kreitzer
- The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Departments of Physiology and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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24
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Automatic Online Motor Control Is Intact in Parkinson's Disease With and Without Perceptual Awareness. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0215-17. [PMID: 29085900 PMCID: PMC5659259 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0215-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the double-step paradigm, healthy human participants automatically correct reaching movements when targets are displaced. Motor deficits are prominent in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. In the lone investigation of online motor correction in PD using the double-step task, a recent study found that PD patients performed unconscious adjustments appropriately but seemed impaired for consciously-perceived modifications. Conscious perception of target movement was achieved by linking displacement to movement onset. PD-related bradykinesia disproportionately prolonged preparatory phases for movements to original target locations for patients, potentially accounting for deficits. Eliminating this confound in a double-step task, we evaluated the effect of conscious awareness of trajectory change on online motor corrections in PD. On and off dopaminergic therapy, PD patients (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 14) reached to peripheral visual targets that remained stationary or unexpectedly moved during an initial saccade. Saccade latencies in PD are comparable to controls'. Hence, target displacements occurred at equal times across groups. Target jump size affected conscious awareness, confirmed in an independent target displacement judgment task. Small jumps were subliminal, but large target displacements were consciously perceived. Contrary to the previous result, PD patients performed online motor corrections normally and automatically, irrespective of conscious perception. Patients evidenced equivalent movement durations for jump and stay trials, and trajectories for patients and controls were identical, irrespective of conscious perception. Dopaminergic therapy had no effect on performance. In summary, online motor control is intact in PD, unaffected by conscious perceptual awareness. The basal ganglia are not implicated in online corrective responses.
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Hiebert NM, Owen AM, Seergobin KN, MacDonald PA. Dorsal striatum mediates deliberate decision making, not late-stage, stimulus-response learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:6133-6156. [PMID: 28945307 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated a controversy regarding the role of the dorsal striatum (DS) in deliberate decision-making versus late-stage, stimulus-response learning to the point of automatization. Participants learned to associate abstract images with right or left button presses explicitly before strengthening these associations through stimulus-response trials with (i.e., Session 1) and without (i.e., Session 2) feedback. In Session 1, trials were divided into response-selection and feedback events to separately assess decision versus learning processes. Session 3 evaluated stimulus-response automaticity using a location Stroop task. DS activity correlated with response-selection and not feedback events in Phase 1 (i.e., Blocks 1-3), Session 1. Longer response times (RTs), lower accuracy, and greater intertrial variability characterized Phase 1, suggesting deliberation. DS activity extinguished in Phase 2 (i.e., Blocks 4-12), Session 1, once RTs, response variability, and accuracy stabilized, though stimulus-response automatization continued. This was signaled by persisting improvements in RT and accuracy into Session 2. Distraction between Sessions 1 and 2 briefly reintroduced response uncertainty, and correspondingly, significant DS activity reappeared in Block 1 of Session 2 only. Once stimulus-response associations were again refamiliarized and deliberation unnecessary, DS activation disappeared for Blocks 2-8, Session 2. Interference from previously learned right or left button responses with incongruent location judgments in a location Stroop task provided evidence that automaticity of stimulus-specific button-press responses had developed by the end of Session 2. These results suggest that DS mediates decision making and not late-stage learning, reconciling two, independently evolving and well-supported literatures that implicate DS in different cognitive functions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:6133-6156, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nole M Hiebert
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ken N Seergobin
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Penny A MacDonald
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada
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26
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Zhang R, Geng X, Lee TMC. Large-scale functional neural network correlates of response inhibition: an fMRI meta-analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3973-3990. [PMID: 28551777 PMCID: PMC5686258 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An influential hypothesis from the last decade proposed that regions within the right inferior frontal cortex of the human brain were dedicated to supporting response inhibition. There is growing evidence, however, to support an alternative model, which proposes that neural areas associated with specific inhibitory control tasks co-exist as common network mechanisms, supporting diverse cognitive processes. This meta-analysis of 225 studies comprising 323 experiments examined the common and distinct neural correlates of cognitive processes for response inhibition, namely interference resolution, action withholding, and action cancellation. Activation coordinates for each subcategory were extracted using multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA). The extracted activity patterns were then mapped onto the brain functional network atlas to derive the common (i.e., process-general) and distinct (i.e., domain-oriented) neural network correlates of these processes. Independent of the task types, activation of the right hemispheric regions (inferior frontal gyrus, insula, median cingulate, and paracingulate gyri) and superior parietal gyrus was common across the cognitive processes studied. Mapping the activation patterns to a brain functional network atlas revealed that the fronto-parietal and ventral attention networks were the core neural systems that were commonly engaged in different processes of response inhibition. Subtraction analyses elucidated the distinct neural substrates of interference resolution, action withholding, and action cancellation, revealing stronger activation in the ventral attention network for interference resolution than action inhibition. On the other hand, action withholding/cancellation primarily engaged the fronto-striatal circuit. Overall, our results suggest that response inhibition is a multidimensional cognitive process involving multiple neural regions and networks for coordinating optimal performance. This finding has significant implications for the understanding and assessment of response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Rm 656, Jockey Club Tower, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiujuan Geng
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Rm 656, Jockey Club Tower, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Rm 656, Jockey Club Tower, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. .,Laboratory of Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. .,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. .,Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Isherwood SN, Robbins TW, Nicholson JR, Dalley JW, Pekcec A. Selective and interactive effects of D 2 receptor antagonism and positive allosteric mGluR4 modulation on waiting impulsivity. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:249-260. [PMID: 28487067 PMCID: PMC5522528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) and dopamine D2 receptors are specifically expressed within the indirect pathway neurons of the striato-pallidal-subthalamic pathway. This unique expression profile suggests that mGluR4 and D2 receptors may play a cooperative role in the regulation and inhibitory control of behaviour. We investigated this possibility by testing the effects of a functionally-characterised positive allosteric mGluR4 modulator, 4-((E)-styryl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine (Cpd11), both alone and in combination with the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride, on two distinct forms of impulsivity. Methods Rats were trained on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) of sustained visual attention and segregated according to low, mid, and high levels of motor impulsivity (LI, MI and HI, respectively), with unscreened rats used as an additional control group. A separate group of rats was trained on a delay discounting task (DDT) to assess choice impulsivity. Results Systemic administration of Cpd11 dose-dependently increased motor impulsivity and impaired attentional accuracy on the 5-CSRTT in all groups tested. Eticlopride selectively attenuated the increase in impulsivity induced by Cpd11, but not the accompanying attentional impairment, at doses that had no significant effect on behavioural performance when administered alone. Cpd11 also decreased choice impulsivity on the DDT (i.e. increased preference for the large, delayed reward) and decreased locomotor activity. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that mGluR4s, in conjunction with D2 receptors, affect motor- and choice-based measures of impulsivity, and therefore may be novel targets to modulate impulsive behaviour associated with a number of neuropsychiatric syndromes. Positive allosteric mGluR4 modulation increases motor impulsivity and impairs aspects of visual attention. Positive allosteric mGluR4 modulation decreases choice impulsivity as well as indices of motor function. Blocking D2 receptors selectively attenuates the effect of positive allosteric mGluR4 modulation on motor impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Isherwood
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Janet R Nicholson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Anton Pekcec
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Markett S, Bleek B, Reuter M, Prüss H, Richardt K, Müller T, Yaruss JS, Montag C. Impaired motor inhibition in adults who stutter – evidence from speech-free stop-signal reaction time tasks. Neuropsychologia 2016; 91:444-450. [PMID: 27619005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Markett
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany; Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany; Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Prüss
- Neurology (Stuttering Therapy), LVR Clinics Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Thilo Müller
- Neurology (Stuttering Therapy), LVR Clinics Bonn, Germany
| | - J Scott Yaruss
- Department of Communication Science & Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Psychology, University of Ulm, Germany; Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation/Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
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De Pretto M, Sallard E, Spierer L. State dependency of inhibitory control performance: an electrical neuroimaging study. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1826-32. [PMID: 27116703 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and brain responses to stimuli not only depend on their physical features but also on the individuals' neurocognitive states before stimuli onsets. While the influence of pre-stimulus fluctuations in brain activity on low-level perceptive processes is well established, the state dependency of high-order executive processes remains unclear. Using a classical inhibitory control Go/NoGo task, we examined whether and how fluctuations in the brain activity during the period preceding the stimuli triggering inhibition influenced inhibitory control performance. Seventeen participants completed the Go/NoGo task while 64-channel electroencephalogram was recorded. We compared the event-related potentials preceding the onset of the NoGo stimuli associated with inhibition failures false alarms (FA) vs. successful inhibition correct rejections (CR) with data-driven statistical analyses of global measures of the topography and strength of the scalp electric field. Distributed electrical source estimations were used to localize the origin of the event-related potentials modulations. We observed differences in the global field power of the event-related potentials (FA > CR) without concomitant topographic modulations over the 40 ms period immediately preceding NoGo stimuli. This result indicates that the same brain networks were engaged in the two conditions, but more strongly before FA than CR. Source estimations revealed that this effect followed from a higher activity before FA than CR within bilateral inferior frontal gyri and the right inferior parietal lobule. These findings suggest that uncontrolled quantitative variations in pre-stimulus activity within attentional and control brain networks influence inhibition performance. The present data thereby demonstrate the state dependency of cognitive processes of up to high-order executive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Pretto
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Sallard
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Spierer
- Neurology Unit, Medicine Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, PER 09, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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30
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Meffert H, Hwang S, Nolan ZT, Chen G, Blair JR. Segregating attention from response control when performing a motor inhibition task. Neuroimage 2016; 126:27-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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van Rooij SJH, Stevens JS, Ely TD, Fani N, Smith AK, Kerley KA, Lori A, Ressler KJ, Jovanovic T. Childhood Trauma and COMT Genotype Interact to Increase Hippocampal Activation in Resilient Individuals. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:156. [PMID: 27683563 PMCID: PMC5021680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both childhood trauma and a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genetic polymorphism have been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression; however, it is still unclear whether the two interact and how this interaction relates to long-term risk or resilience. Imaging and genotype data were collected on 73 highly traumatized women. DNA extracted from saliva was used to determine COMT genotype (Val/Val, n = 38, Met carriers, n = 35). Functional MRI data were collected during a Go/NoGo task to investigate the neurocircuitry underlying response inhibition. Self-report measures of adult and childhood trauma exposure, PTSD and depression symptom severity, and resilience were collected. Childhood trauma was found to interact with COMT genotype to impact inhibition-related hippocampal activation. In Met carriers, more childhood trauma was associated with decreased hippocampal activation, whereas in the Val/Val group childhood trauma was related to increased hippocampal activation. Second, hippocampal activation correlated negatively with PTSD and depression symptoms and positively with trait resilience. Moreover, hippocampal activation mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychiatric risk or resilience in the Val/Val, but not in the Met carrier group. These data reveal a potential mechanism by which childhood trauma and COMT genotype interact to increase risk for trauma-related psychopathology or resilience. Hippocampal recruitment during inhibition may improve the ability to use contextual information to guide behavior, thereby enhancing resilience in trauma-exposed individuals. This finding may contribute to early identification of individuals at risk and suggests a mechanism that can be targeted in future studies aiming to prevent or limit negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Kimberly A Kerley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
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Weaver SM, Portelli JN, Chau A, Cristofori I, Moretti L, Grafman J. Genetic polymorphisms and traumatic brain injury: the contribution of individual differences to recovery. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 8:420-34. [PMID: 22878895 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-012-9197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is variable, even for patients with similar severity of brain injury. Recent research has highlighted the contribution that genetic predisposition plays in determining TBI outcome. This review considers the potential for genetic polymorphisms to influence recovery of cognitive and social processes following TBI. Limitations and considerations that researchers should make when assessing the potential impact of polymorphisms on TBI outcome are also discussed. Understanding the genetic factors that support neuroplasticity will contribute to an understanding of the variation in outcome following injury and help to identify potential targets for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starla M Weaver
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Kessler Foundation Research Center, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA,
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Mione V, Canterini S, Brunamonti E, Pani P, Donno F, Fiorenza MT, Ferraina S. Both the COMT Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism and sex-dependent differences influence response inhibition. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:127. [PMID: 26042010 PMCID: PMC4436879 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive and proactive controls of actions are cognitive abilities that allow one to deal with a continuously changing environment by adjusting already programmed actions. They also set forthcoming actions by evaluating the outcome of the previous ones. Earlier studies highlighted sex-related differences in the strategies and in the pattern of brain activation during cognitive tasks involving reactive and proactive control. To further identify sex-dependent characteristics in the cognitive control of actions, in this study, we have assessed whether/how differences in performance are modulated by the COMT Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a genetic factor known to influence the functionality of the dopaminergic system-in particular, at the level of the prefrontal cortex. Two groups of male and female participants were sorted according to their genotype (Val/Val, Val/Met, and Met/Met) and tested in a stop signal task, a consolidated tool for measuring executive control in experimental and clinical settings. In each group of participants, we estimated both a measure of the capacity to react to unexpected events and the ability to monitor their performance. The between-group comparison of these measures indicated a poorer ability of male individuals and Val/Val subjects in error-monitoring. These observations suggest that sex differences in inhibitory control could be influenced by the efficiency of COMT and that other sex-specific factors have to be considered. Understanding the inter-group variability of behavioral and physiological correlates of cognitive control could provide more accurate diagnostic tools for predicting the incidence and/or the development of pathologies, like ADHD, or deviant behaviors, such as drug or alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mione
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience, Sapienza University Rome, Italy ; "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Pani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Donno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience, Sapienza University Rome, Italy ; "Daniel Bovet" Neurobiology Research Center, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferraina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
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Wrege J, Schmidt A, Walter A, Smieskova R, Bendfeldt K, Radue EW, Lang UE, Borgwardt S. Effects of cannabis on impulsivity: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:2126-37. [PMID: 23829358 PMCID: PMC4052819 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence for specific effects of cannabis on impulsivity, disinhibition and motor
control. The review had a specific focus on neuroimaging findings associated with acute and chronic use of the drug and covers literature
published up until May 2012. Seventeen studies were identified, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria; three studies investigated
acute effects of cannabis (1 fMRI, 2 PET), while six studies investigated non-acute functional effects (4 fMRI, 2 PET), and four studies
investigated structural alterations. Functional imaging studies of impulsivity studies suggest that prefrontal blood flow is lower in chronic
cannabis users than in controls. Studies of acute administration of THC or marijuana report increased brain metabolism in several brain
regions during impulsivity tasks. Structural imaging studies of cannabis users found differences in reduced prefrontal volumes and white
matter integrity that might mediate the abnormal impulsivity and mood observed in marijuana users. To address the question whether impulsivity
as a trait precedes cannabis consumption or whether cannabis aggravates impulsivity and discontinuation of usage more longitudinal
study designs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry UPK, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Chmielewski WX, Beste C. Action control processes in autism spectrum disorder – Insights from a neurobiological and neuroanatomical perspective. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 124:49-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Meyer HC, Bucci DJ. The contribution of medial prefrontal cortical regions to conditioned inhibition. Behav Neurosci 2014; 128:644-53. [PMID: 25285456 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have considered the process by which individuals learn to omit a response, which is an essential aspect of adaptive behavior. Several lines of evidence indicate that two regions of the medial prefrontal cortex have disparate roles in behavioral flexibility. In particular, the prelimbic cortex (PL) is thought to facilitate the generation of a strategy to inhibit a prepotent response, whereas the infralimbic cortex (IL) appears to be more important for maintaining extensively trained inhibitory behaviors. The present experiments were designed to elucidate the contributions of PL and IL to the acquisition and maintenance of Pavlovian conditioned inhibition. In Experiment 1, damage to PL before training in a compound feature negative discrimination task impaired inhibitory learning. By comparison, lesions of IL had little effect. In Experiment 2, lesions of PL or IL occurred after overtraining, and damage to IL significantly impaired subsequent performance in the task, suggesting that this region is involved in the continued expression of Pavlovian conditioned inhibition after thorough training. PL may also be involved in maintaining inhibition, as evidenced by a marginally significant lesion-induced performance deficit. These data support the notion that PL and IL have distinguishable roles in modulating inhibition, while contributing important information about the specific role for PL in acquisition of an inhibitory response and IL in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi C Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College
| | - David J Bucci
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College
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Steele VR, Claus ED, Aharoni E, Harenski C, Calhoun VD, Pearlson G, Kiehl KA. A large scale (N=102) functional neuroimaging study of error processing in a Go/NoGo task. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:127-38. [PMID: 24726752 PMCID: PMC4095785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of 102 healthy participants who completed a demanding Go/NoGo task. The primary purpose of this study was to delineate the neural systems underlying responses to errors in a large sample. We identified a number of regions engaged during error processing including the anterior cingulate, left lateral prefrontal areas and bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, and the subthalamic nucleus. The power afforded by the large cohort enabled identification of regions not consistently measured during Go/NoGo tasks thus helping to incrementally refine our understanding of the neural correlates of error processing. With the present fMRI results, in combination with our previous exploration of response inhibition (Steele et al.), we outline a comprehensive set of regions associated with both response inhibition and error processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn R Steele
- The Nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
| | - Eric D Claus
- The Nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Eyal Aharoni
- The Nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Carla Harenski
- The Nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
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Kehagia AA, Housden CR, Regenthal R, Barker RA, Müller U, Rowe J, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW. Targeting impulsivity in Parkinson's disease using atomoxetine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1986-97. [PMID: 24893708 PMCID: PMC4065022 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenergic dysfunction may play a significant role in cognition in Parkinson's disease due to the early degeneration of the locus coeruleus. Converging evidence from patient and animal studies points to the role of noradrenaline in dopaminergically insensitive aspects of the parkinsonian dysexecutive syndrome, yet the direct effects of noradrenergic enhancement have not to date been addressed. Our aim was to directly investigate these, focusing on impulsivity during response inhibition and decision making. To this end, we administered 40 mg atomoxetine, a selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor to 25 patients with Parkinson's disease (12 female /13 male; 64.4 ± 6.9 years old) in a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled design. Patients completed an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests addressing response inhibition, decision-making, attention, planning and verbal short term memory. Atomoxetine improved stopping accuracy on the Stop Signal Task [F(1,19) = 4.51, P = 0.047] and reduced reflection impulsivity [F(1,9) = 7.86, P = 0.02] and risk taking [F(1,9) = 9.2, P = 0.01] in the context of gambling. The drug also conferred effects on performance as a function of its measured blood plasma concentration: it reduced reflection impulsivity during information sampling [adjusted R(2) = 0.23, F(1,16) = 5.83, P = 0.03] and improved problem solving on the One Touch Stockings of Cambridge [adjusted R(2) = 0.29, F(1,17) = 8.34, P = 0.01]. It also enhanced target sensitivity during sustained attention [F(1,9) = 5.33, P = 0.046]. The results of this exploratory study represent the basis of specific predictions in future investigations on the effects of atomoxetine in Parkinson's disease and support the hypothesis that targeting noradrenergic dysfunction may represent a new parallel avenue of therapy in some of the cognitive and behavioural deficits seen in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie A Kehagia
- 1 Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Charlotte R Housden
- 2 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK3 Cambridge Cognition Limited, Cambridge, UK4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- 5 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roger A Barker
- 6 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulrich Müller
- 2 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK7 Adult ADHD Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - James Rowe
- 2 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK6 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK8 MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- 2 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- 2 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK9 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Burgaleta M, MacDonald PA, Martínez K, Román FJ, Álvarez‐Linera J, González AR, Karama S, Colom R. Subcortical regional morphology correlates with fluid and spatial intelligence. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:1957-68. [PMID: 23913782 PMCID: PMC6869737 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have revealed associations between intelligence and brain morphology. However, researchers have focused primarily on the anatomical features of the cerebral cortex, whereas subcortical structures, such as the basal ganglia (BG), have often been neglected despite extensive functional evidence on their relation with higher-order cognition. Here we performed shape analyses to understand how individual differences in BG local morphology account for variability in cognitive performance. Structural MRI was acquired in 104 young adults (45 men, 59 women, mean age = 19.83, SD = 1.64), and the outer surface of striatal structures (caudate, nucleus accumbens, and putamen), globus pallidus, and thalamus was estimated for each subject and hemisphere. Further, nine cognitive tests were used to measure fluid (Gf), crystallized (Gc), and spatial intelligence (Gv). Latent scores for these factors were computed by means of confirmatory factor analysis and regressed vertex-wise against subcortical shape (local displacements of vertex position), controlling for age, sex, and adjusted for brain size. Significant results (FDR < 5%) were found for Gf and Gv, but not Gc, for the right striatal structures and thalamus. The main results show a relative enlargement of the rostral putamen, which is functionally connected to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other intelligence-related prefrontal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Burgaleta
- Center for Brain and CognitionUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
| | - Penny A. MacDonald
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Kenia Martínez
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. Román
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
| | - Juan Álvarez‐Linera
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
- Ruber International HospitalMadridSpain
| | - Ana Ramos González
- Sección de NeurorradiologíaHospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebec
| | - Roberto Colom
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Fundación CIEN‐Fundación Reina SofíaMadridSpain
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Aron AR, Robbins TW, Poldrack RA. Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: one decade on. Trends Cogn Sci 2014; 18:177-85. [PMID: 24440116 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1286] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Aron
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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Lipszyc J, Levin H, Hanten G, Hunter J, Dennis M, Schachar R. Frontal white matter damage impairs response inhibition in children following traumatic brain injury. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 29:289-99. [PMID: 24618405 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition, the ability to suppress inappropriate cognitions or behaviors, can be measured using computer tasks and questionnaires. Inhibition depends on the frontal cortex, but the role of the underlying white matter (WM) is unclear. We assessed the specific impact of frontal WM damage on inhibition in 29 children with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (15 with and 14 without frontal WM damage), 21 children with orthopedic injury, and 29 population controls. We used the Stop Signal Task to measure response inhibition, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function to assess everyday inhibition, and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging to identify lesions. Children with frontal WM damage had impaired response inhibition compared with all other groups and poorer everyday inhibition than the orthopedic injury group. Frontal WM lesions most often affected the superior frontal gyrus. These results provide evidence for the critical role of frontal WM in inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lipszyc
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jahanshahi M. Effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on inhibitory and executive control over prepotent responses in Parkinson's disease. Front Syst Neurosci 2013; 7:118. [PMID: 24399941 PMCID: PMC3872293 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of inappropriate, habitual or prepotent responses is an essential component of executive control and a cornerstone of self-control. Via the hyperdirect pathway, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) receives inputs from frontal areas involved in inhibition and executive control. Evidence is reviewed from our own work and the literature suggesting that in Parkinson's disease (PD), deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the STN has an impact on executive control during attention-demanding tasks or in situations of conflict when habitual or prepotent responses have to be inhibited. These results support a role for the STN in an inter-related set of processes: switching from automatic to controlled processing, inhibitory and executive control, adjusting response thresholds and influencing speed-accuracy trade-offs. Such STN DBS-induced deficits in inhibitory and executive control may contribute to some of the psychiatric problems experienced by a proportion of operated cases after STN DBS surgery in PD. However, as no direct evidence for such a link is currently available, there is a need to provide direct evidence for such a link between STN DBS-induced deficits in inhibitory and executive control and post-surgical psychiatric complications experienced by operated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Jahanshahi
- Cognitive Motor Neuroscience Group and Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, UK
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Gandola M, Toraldo A, Invernizzi P, Corrado L, Sberna M, Santilli I, Bottini G, Paulesu E. How many forms of perseveration? Evidence from cancellation tasks in right hemisphere patients. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2960-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Roth CL, Hinney A, Schur EA, Elfers CT, Reinehr T. Association analyses for dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms and weight status in a longitudinal analysis in obese children before and after lifestyle intervention. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:197. [PMID: 24283216 PMCID: PMC4219494 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dopamine receptors are involved in midbrain reward circuit activation. Polymorphisms in two dopamine receptor genes, DRD2 and DRD4, have been associated with altered perception of food reward and weight gain. The objective of this study was to determine whether the same risk alleles were associated with overweight/obesity and with lower reduction of overweight after a 1-year lifestyle intervention. Methods In a longitudinal study the association of polymorphisms in DRD2 (rs18000497, risk allele: T, formerly A1 allele at the TaqI A1 polymorphism) and DRD4 (variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR); 48 bp repeat in exon III; risk alleles: 7 repeats or longer: 7R+) was tested on weight loss success following a 1-year lifestyle childhood obesity intervention (OBELDICKS). An additional exploratory cross-sectional case-control study was performed to compare the same DRD polymorphisms in these overweight/obese children and adolescents versus lean adult controls. Subjects were 423 obese and 28 overweight children participating in lifestyle intervention (203 males), age median 12.0 (interquartile range 10.0–13.7) years, body mass index - standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) 2.4 ± 0.5; 583 lean adults (232 males); age median 25.3 (interquartile range 22.5–26.8) years, BMI 19.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2. BMI, BMI-SDS and skinfold thickness measures were assessed at baseline and after 1 year; genotyping was performed for DRD2 risk variant rs1800497 and DRD4 exon III VNTR. Results The DRD2 genotype had a nominal effect on success in the weight loss intervention. The weakest BMI-SDS reduction was in children homozygous for two rs1800497 T-alleles (n = 11) compared to the combined group with zero (n = 308) or one (n = 132) rs1800497 T-allele (-0.08 ± 0.36 vs. -0.28 ± 0.34; p < 0.05). There was no association between the DRD4 VNTR alleles and genotypes and success in the weight loss intervention. No associations of the risk alleles of the DRD2 and DRD4 polymorphisms and obesity were observed in the cross-sectional part of the study. Conclusions We did not find association between polymorphisms in DRD2 and DRD4 genes and weight status. However, obese carriers of two DRD2 rs1800497 T-alleles may be at risk for weak responses to lifestyle interventions aimed at weight reduction. Trial registration Obesity intervention program “Obeldicks” is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00435734).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Pani P, Menghini D, Napolitano C, Calcagni M, Armando M, Sergeant JA, Vicari S. Proactive and reactive control of movement are differently affected in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:3104-3111. [PMID: 23886755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder children are impaired in the ability to interrupt an ongoing action in relation to a sudden change in the environment (reactive control, measured by stop signal reaction time, SSRT). Less investigated is the ability to control the response when it is known in advance that it will be required to stop (proactive control, measured by change in Reaction time, RT). The study is aimed at exploring both the reactive and the proactive inhibitory control in a group of ADHD children compared to a group of age-matched controls. ADHD children (N=28) and Controls (N=28) performed 4 tasks: 2 tasks required to respond to the appearance of the go-signals (go task and nostop task) and 2 tasks to respond to the go signals in a context in which sometimes a restrain or suppression of the response was required (go-nogo task and stop task). ADHD children showed a longer SSRT compared to controls. Both groups showed an increment in RT by comparing the go-nogo to the go task and an increment in RT and SD by comparing the stop to the nostop task. ADHD children showed higher intra-individual variability (SD) compared to controls only in the stop and nostop task. ADHD children showed impaired reactive control but preserved proactive control, and the physical appearance of the go signal affected their reaction times intra-individual variability. A comparison between the reactive and proactive controls helps in defining neuropsychological profiles of ADHD children and can inspires therapeutic behavioral-cognitive strategies for response control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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MacDonald AA, Seergobin KN, Owen AM, Tamjeedi R, Monchi O, Ganjavi H, MacDonald PA. Differential effects of Parkinson's disease and dopamine replacement on memory encoding and retrieval. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74044. [PMID: 24086309 PMCID: PMC3784427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly memory deficits are recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD). In PD, the dopamine-producing cells of the substantia nigra (SN) are significantly degenerated whereas those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared. Dopamine-replacement medication improves cognitive processes that implicate the SN-innervated dorsal striatum but is thought to impair those that depend upon the VTA-supplied ventral striatum, limbic and prefrontal cortices. Our aim was to examine memory encoding and retrieval in PD and how they are affected by dopamine replacement. Twenty-nine PD patients performed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and a non-verbal analogue, the Aggie Figures Learning Test (AFLT), both on and off dopaminergic medications. Twenty-seven, age-matched controls also performed these memory tests twice and their data were analyzed to correspond to the ON-OFF order of the PD patients to whom they were matched. We contrasted measures that emphasized with those that accentuated retrieval and investigated the effect of PD and dopamine-replacement on these processes separately. For PD patients relative to controls, encoding performance was normal in the off state and was impaired on dopaminergic medication. Retrieval was impaired off medication and improved by dopamine repletion. This pattern of findings suggests that VTA-innervated brain regions such as ventral striatum, limbic and prefrontal cortices are implicated in encoding, whereas the SN-supplied dorsal striatum mediates retrieval. Understanding this pattern of spared functions and deficits in PD, and the effect of dopamine replacement on these distinct memory processes, should prompt closer scrutiny of patients' cognitive complaints to inform titration of dopamine replacement dosages along with motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A MacDonald
- The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Gonen-Yaacovi G, de Souza LC, Levy R, Urbanski M, Josse G, Volle E. Rostral and caudal prefrontal contribution to creativity: a meta-analysis of functional imaging data. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:465. [PMID: 23966927 PMCID: PMC3743130 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity is of central importance for human civilization, yet its neurocognitive bases are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to integrate existing functional imaging data by using the meta-analysis approach. We reviewed 34 functional imaging studies that reported activation foci during tasks assumed to engage creative thinking in healthy adults. A coordinate-based meta-analysis using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) first showed a set of predominantly left-hemispheric regions shared by the various creativity tasks examined. These regions included the caudal lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), the medial and lateral rostral PFC, and the inferior parietal and posterior temporal cortices. Further analyses showed that tasks involving the combination of remote information (combination tasks) activated more anterior areas of the lateral PFC than tasks involving the free generation of unusual responses (unusual generation tasks), although both types of tasks shared caudal prefrontal areas. In addition, verbal and non-verbal tasks involved the same regions in the left caudal prefrontal, temporal, and parietal areas, but also distinct domain-oriented areas. Taken together, these findings suggest that several frontal and parieto-temporal regions may support cognitive processes shared by diverse creativity tasks, and that some regions may be specialized for distinct types of processes. In particular, the lateral PFC appeared to be organized along a rostro-caudal axis, with rostral regions involved in combining ideas creatively and more posterior regions involved in freely generating novel ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Gonen-Yaacovi
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Drueke B, Schlaegel SMA, Seifert A, Moeller O, Gründer G, Gauggel S, Boecker M. The role of 5-HT in response inhibition and re-engagement. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:830-41. [PMID: 23816061 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In animal and human research, the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in inhibitory control. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study investigated the acute effects of pharmacological modulation of the serotonergic system on brain activation during response inhibition and re-engagement in healthy human volunteers. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design 14 men received either a single oral dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram (10mg) or a placebo. At the time of the expected plasma peak concentration, participants performed a stop-change task during fMRI. Escitalopram did not affect behavioural performance, since the main effect did not reveal significant differences between reaction times of go-, stop- or change-trials. During successful response inhibition, escitalopram, however, was associated with enhanced brain activation in right prefrontal cortex, right supplementary/pre-motor and bilateral cingulate cortex, and subcortical regions. During inhibition failures, escitalopram also modulated a broad network of brain regions, including anterior cingulate, right parietal cortex, right orbitofrontal cortex, and areas in right temporal cortex and subcortical regions. During response re-engagement escitalopram increased brain activation in right inferior frontal gyrus and precuneus as well as in left middle temporal gyrus. The results implicate the involvement of 5-HT in neural regulation of response inhibition and re-engagement. This study also provides evidence that 5-HT affects both action restraint and action cancellation through modulation of activation of brain areas. The results support the view for a fronto-striatal circuitry for response inhibition in conjunction with serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drueke
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
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O'Callaghan C, Naismith SL, Hodges JR, Lewis SJ, Hornberger M. Fronto-striatal atrophy correlates of inhibitory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease versus behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Cortex 2013; 49:1833-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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MacDonald PA, Ganjavi H, Collins DL, Evans AC, Karama S. Investigating the relation between striatal volume and IQ. Brain Imaging Behav 2013; 8:52-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-013-9242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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