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Fereidooni F, Daniels JK, Lommen MJJ. Self-regulatory Sex Motives Scale in Online Dating: Exploratory Factor Analysis and Internal Consistency. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241243048. [PMID: 38592309 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241243048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Risky sex behavior is common among online dating users. Understanding the motives behind risky sex behavior might help identify suitable targets for prevention. We developed the Self-regulatory Sex Motives Scale in Online Dating (SSOD) to assess sex motives for casual sex in online dating users. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the SSOD and examined the relationship between sex motives indexed by the SSOD and risky sex behavior. The new scale showed high internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor solution. Sex motives were related to a higher frequency of having sex on the first date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fereidooni
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith K Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam J J Lommen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Davila-Cervantes CA, Luna-Contreras M. Suicide attempts in the adult Mexican population: an analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and associated factors. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 27:e240014. [PMID: 38511824 PMCID: PMC10946288 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720240014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is the culmination of a process or continuum known as suicidal behavior that proceeds from ideation and planning to attempt. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of suicide attempts in the adult Mexican population and to analyze their main associated factors. METHODS We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study with information from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2018). Self-reported lifetime suicide attempt was used in the analysis. We analyzed depression, obesity, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption as suicide attempt-associated factors using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS The prevalence of adult suicide attempt was 2.0% (95%CI 1.8-2.2) and it was higher among women (2.4%; 95%CI 2.2-2.8) and young people (2.9%; 95%CI 2.4-3.4). Low education (OR=1.6; 95%CI 1.2-2.2), being single (OR=1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.6), having obesity (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.1-1.8), consumption of alcohol (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.7-3.4) or tobacco smoking (OR=1.8; 95%CI 1.4-2.4), and having strong symptoms of depression (OR=10.1; 95%CI 6.2-16.3) were associated with a higher prevalence of suicide attempts. CONCLUSION These results help better understand suicidal behavior in Mexico and identify the factors that increase the likelihood of suicide attempts, which is essential to help reduce suicide mortality. This research is crucial for developing early interventions and prevention programs aimed at reducing suicide's public health burden.
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Andrade FC, Burnell K, Godwin J, Hoyle RH. Alcohol Use and Abstinence throughout Adolescence: The Changing Contributions of Perceived Risk of Drinking, Opportunities to Drink, and Self-Control. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:910-919. [PMID: 38326713 PMCID: PMC11110111 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Adolescence is characterized by psychosocial and cognitive changes that can alter the perceived risk of negative effects of alcohol, opportunities to drink, and self-control. Few studies have investigated whether these factors change in their contribution to adolescent drinking over time. This study examined associations between perceived risk, opportunities to drink, self-control, and past-year drinking and investigated whether self-control buffers the effect of lower perceived risk and frequent drinking opportunities on the probability of past-year drinking. Method: Data from a four-wave longitudinal study (2015-2020) of 2,104 North Carolina adolescents (Mage = 12.36, SDage = 1.12, at Time 1) were used to assess changes in associations between self-control, perceived risk of drinking, and drinking opportunities on the frequency of past-year drinking. Hypotheses were tested using latent trajectory models. Results: At all timepoints, greater perceived risk, fewer drinking opportunities, and higher self-control were associated with drinking abstinence in the past year. Self-control buffered the impact of frequent drinking opportunities and lower perceived risk on the probability of alcohol use at Times 1-3. Conclusions: Despite expectations that adolescents' ability to navigate their environments improves as they age, associations between risk, protective factors, and past-year drinking were relatively stable over time. Nevertheless, self-control protected against frequent drinking opportunities and lower perceived risk. Strategies that support or relieve the need for self-control (e.g., situation modification) may protect against alcohol use throughout adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaitlyn Burnell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jennifer Godwin
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham NC USA
| | - Rick H. Hoyle
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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Polusny MA, Marquardt CA, Hubbling M, Campbell EH, Arbisi PA, Davenport ND, Lim KO, Lissek S, Schaefer JD, Sponheim SR, Masten AS, Noorbaloochi S. Adaptation in Young Military Recruits: Protocol for the Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR) Prospective Longitudinal Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51235. [PMID: 37792432 PMCID: PMC10585449 DOI: 10.2196/51235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military services provide a unique opportunity for studying resilience, a dynamic process of successful adaptation (ie, doing well in terms of functioning and symptoms) in response to significant adversity. Despite the tremendous interest in positive adaptation among military service members, little is known about the processes underlying their resilience. Understanding the neurobiological, cognitive, and social mechanisms underlying adaptive functioning following military stressor exposure is essential for enhancing the resilience of military service members. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR) longitudinal study is to characterize the trajectories of positive adaptation among young military recruits in response to basic combat training (BCT), a well-defined, uniform, and 10-week period of intense stress (aim 1), and identify promotive and protective processes contributing to individual variations in resilience (aim 2). The secondary objective is to investigate the pathways by which neurobehavioral markers of self-regulation assessed using electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging contribute to adaptive trajectories (aim 3). METHODS ARMOR is an ongoing, prospective longitudinal cohort study of young military recruits who recently joined the National Guard but have not yet shipped out for BCT. Participants (N=1201) are assessed at 5 time points over the initial >2 years of military service beginning before BCT (baseline) and followed up at 2 weeks and 6, 12, and 18 months after BCT. Participants complete web-based questionnaires assessing vulnerability and protective factors, mental health, and socioemotional functioning at each time point and a battery of neurocognitive tests at time 0. A subset of participants also complete structured diagnostic interviews and additional self-report measures and perform neurobehavioral tasks before and after BCT during electroencephalography sessions and before BCT only during magnetic resonance imaging sessions. RESULTS This UG3/UH3 project was initially funded in August 2017, with the UG3 pilot work completed at the end of 2018. The UH3 phase of the project was funded in March 2019. Study enrollment for the UH3 phase began on April 14, 2019, and ended on October 16, 2021. A total of 1201 participants are enrolled in the study. Follow-up data collection for the UH3 phase is ongoing and projected to continue through February 2024. We will disseminate the findings through conferences, webinars, open access publications, and communications with participants and stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS The ARMOR study provides a rich data set to identify the predictors and mechanisms of resilient and nonresilient outcomes in the context of military stressors, which are intended to empirically inform the development of prevention and intervention strategies to enhance the resilience of military trainees and potentially other young people facing significant life challenges. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Polusny
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Craig A Marquardt
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michelle Hubbling
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Emily Hagel Campbell
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Paul A Arbisi
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas D Davenport
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Shmuel Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ann S Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Siamak Noorbaloochi
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Geurts SM, Koning IM, Finkenauer C. How Specific is Alcohol-Specific Self-Control? A Longitudinal Study of the Mediating Role of Alcohol-Specific Self-Control in the Relation Between General Self-Control and Adolescent Alcohol Use. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:501-520. [PMID: 37378798 PMCID: PMC10589141 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating studies indicate that alcohol-specific self-control can be useful in predicting adolescent alcohol use, little is known about its specificity. This longitudinal study aimed to advance our understanding of domain-specific self-control by examining whether alcohol-specific self-control mediates the effect of general self-control on adolescent alcohol use or has generalizing effects by also mediating the effect of general self-control on other behavior requiring self-control (adolescent digital media use and smoking). Data from 906 adolescents aged 11-14 years who were enrolled in the Dutch study Prevention of Alcohol Use in Students were used. Data were collected using online questionnaires at four annual measurements. Structural equation modelling revealed that higher alcohol-specific self-control fully mediated the effect of higher general self-control on alcohol use. Alcohol-specific self-control did not mediate the effect of higher general self-control on digital media use, but did partially mediate the effect of higher general self-control on smoking. These results suggest that alcohol-specific self-control is domain-specific, but not necessarily substance-specific. The domain-specificity of alcohol-specific self-control provides evidence for its theoretical relevance for the explanation of adolescent alcohol use. It also suggests leverage points for intervention programs focusing on improving alcohol-specific self-control to reduce adolescent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Geurts
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Ina M Koning
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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Morawetz C, Berboth S, Chirokoff V, Chanraud S, Misdrahi D, Serre F, Auriacombe M, Fatseas M, Swendsen J. Mood Variability, Craving, and Substance Use Disorders: From Intrinsic Brain Network Connectivity to Daily Life Experience. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:940-955. [PMID: 36775712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUDs) are major contributors to morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and this global burden is attributable in large part to the chronic nature of these conditions. Increased mood variability might represent a form of emotional dysregulation that may have particular significance for the risk of relapse in SUD, independent of mood severity or diagnostic status. However, the neural biomarkers that underlie mood variability remain poorly understood. METHODS Ecological momentary assessment was used to assess mood variability, craving, and substance use in real time in 54 patients treated for addiction to alcohol, cannabis, or nicotine and 30 healthy control subjects. Such data were jointly examined relative to spectral dynamic causal modeling of effective brain connectivity within 4 networks involved in emotion generation and regulation. RESULTS Differences in effective connectivity were related to daily life variability of emotional states experienced by persons with SUD, and mood variability was associated with craving intensity. Relative to the control participants, effective connectivity was decreased for patients in the prefrontal control networks and increased in the emotion generation networks. Findings revealed that effective connectivity within the patient group was modulated by mood variability. CONCLUSIONS The intrinsic causal dynamics in large-scale neural networks underlying emotion regulation play a predictive role in a patient's susceptibility to experiencing mood variability (and, subsequently, craving) in daily life. The findings represent an important step toward informing interventional research through biomarkers of factors that increase the risk of relapse in persons with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Morawetz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stella Berboth
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentine Chirokoff
- National Centre for Scientific Research UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; École pratique des hautes études, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- National Centre for Scientific Research UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; École pratique des hautes études, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - David Misdrahi
- National Centre for Scientific Research UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fuschia Serre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6033 - Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6033 - Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melina Fatseas
- National Centre for Scientific Research UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joel Swendsen
- National Centre for Scientific Research UMR 5287 - Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; École pratique des hautes études, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
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Mitzel LD, Johnson MW, Vanable PA. Delay Discounting and Sexual Decision-Making: Understanding Condom Use Behavior Among U.S. College Students. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2605-2617. [PMID: 37085661 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Condoms provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases; however, condomless sex remains common among college students and intentions to use condoms do not consistently translate into condom use. This study tested which indicator of condom use intentions from a delay discounting paradigm of condom-protected sex best accounted for variance in condom use behavior. The sample consisted of 187 sexually active college students (51.9% female) who completed measures of condom use during vaginal and anal sex over the past three months and a decision-making paradigm regarding condom intentions with hypothetical sexual partners. In separate models, condom behavior was regressed on one of three indicators of condom intentions: initial intentions to use a condom, delay discounting of condom-protected sex, and overall area under the curve across all trials. Results showed that delay discounting of condom-protected sex best accounted for variance in absolute frequency of condomless sex, whereas initial intentions to use a condom best accounted for variance in relative proportion of condomless sex. Future research directions and implications for interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Mitzel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 620 Erie Blvd W, Syracuse, NY, 13204, USA.
| | - Matthew W Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Vanable
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Crockett LJ, Moilanen KL, Cartwright ML. Pathways From Individual Characteristics to Subjective Consequences of Sex: The Mediating Role of Risky Sexual Encounters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:230-247. [PMID: 38601009 PMCID: PMC10903652 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2204304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined associations between young adults' psychological characteristics and psychosocial consequences of sex, and whether risky sexual encounters mediated these associations. Methods: College students (N = 265; Mage = 19.49) completed questionnaires concerning risky sexual relationships, behaviors, situations, and psychosocial consequences during their most recent encounter and over the last year. Results: Sexual restraint indirectly predicted positive consequences of the most recent encounter via risky sexual behaviors. Sexual restraint and permissiveness predicted positive and negative consequences over the past year via risky relationships. Conclusions: Psychological characteristics may influence the likelihood of risky sexual encounters, thereby influencing consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Crockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Kristin L. Moilanen
- Child Development and Family Studies, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Harnish RJ, Ryerson NC, Tarka P. Purchasing Under the Influence of Alcohol: The Impact of Hazardous and Harmful Patterns of Alcohol Consumption, Impulsivity, and Compulsive Buying. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231164348. [PMID: 36947410 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231164348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The current research examined how hazardous and harmful patterns of alcohol consumption, problematic online shopping when drinking alcohol, impulsivity, and compulsive buying were associated with and predicted the frequency of making purchases while under the influence of alcohol. A sample of American adults between the ages of 25 and 64 who reported having at least one drink per week over the past 6 months were surveyed. Regression-based path modeling revealed for those who made online purchases while moderately intoxicated, hazardous and harmful patterns of drinking alcohol and, problematic online shopping when drinking alcohol, predicted the frequency of making purchases while intoxicated. For those who made online purchases while heavily intoxicated, hazardous and harmful patterns of drinking alcohol, impulsivity, problematic online shopping when drinking alcohol, and compulsive buying predicted the frequency of making purchases while intoxicated. We explain our findings by suggesting individuals engage in frequent drunk purchases because they are motivated to alleviate their negative mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Tarka
- Department of Market Research, 49558Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poznań, Poland
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Fernández-Theoduloz G, Brunet N, Godoy JC, Steinberg L, López-Gómez A. Risk Sexual Behaviors in Uruguayan Adolescents: the Role of Self-Regulation and Sex-Gender. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s43076-023-00284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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de la Fuente J, Pachón-Basallo M, Martínez-Vicente JM, Peralta-Sánchez FJ, Garzón-Umerenkova A, Sander P. Self- vs. External-Regulation Behavior ScaleTM in different psychological contexts: A validation study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:922633. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.922633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The self- vs. external-regulation behavior theory, SR-ER Theory (2021) model has postulated the Self-Regulation /Non or De-Regulation/Dys-regulation (SR-NR-DR) continuum in the person and in their context. The model also generates a behavioral heuristic that allows us to predict and explain the variability of other dependent behavioral variables in a range of scenarios (clinical, educational, health and technology contexts). Consequently, the objective of this study was to validate the different scales prepared on the basis of the theory presented. A total of 469 students voluntarily completed at different times the five questionnaires presented, to give a total of 1,385 completed questionnaires. Using an ex post facto design, descriptive, correlational, confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA), reliability, and concurrent validity analyses were carried out. The scales were analyzed individually and as a whole. The results showed the acceptable structure of scale and consistent levels of reliability. The five levels generated by the SR-NR-DR (personal and contextual) combinatory heuristic that arises from the theoretical model determined significant differences in the levels of the variables analyzed for each psychological context. We discuss the theoretical implications and the implications for the assessment and improvement of the behaviors analyzed in function of the personal and contextual regulation levels evaluated.
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Lau-Barraco C, Stamates AL, Ehlke SJ, Glenn DJ. Differential Pathways of Risky Drinking via Coping Motives in College and Noncollege Young Adults. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2022; 31:127-136. [PMID: 37200537 PMCID: PMC10187969 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2127693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study tested a mediation model of psychological functioning (i.e., perceived stressors, psychological distress, and self-regulation) and risky drinking through a drinking to cope pathway comparing college and noncollege young adults. Participants were 623 young adult drinkers (M age = 21.46) who completed an online survey. Multigroup analyses examined the proposed mediation model for college students and nonstudents. For nonstudents, the indirect effects of psychological distress to alcohol use outcomes (i.e., alcohol quantity, binge drinking frequency, and alcohol-related problems) via coping motives was significant. Further, coping motives significantly mediated the positive effects of self-regulation on alcohol quantity, binge drinking frequency, and alcohol-related problems. For students, greater psychological distress was associated with greater coping motives, which in turn, related to greater alcohol-related problems. Coping motives significantly mediated the positive effect of self-regulation on binge drinking frequency. Findings highlight the different pathways that may result in risky drinking and alcohol problems based on young adult's educational attainment. These results have important clinical implications, particularly for those who have not attended college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Old Dominion University
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
| | | | - Sarah J. Ehlke
- Old Dominion University
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Douglas J. Glenn
- Old Dominion University
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
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Regier PS, Gawrysiak MJ, Jagannathan K, Childress AR, Franklin TR, Wetherill RR. Trauma exposure among cannabis use disorder individuals was associated with a craving-correlated non-habituating amygdala response to aversive cues. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 5:100098. [PMID: 36844163 PMCID: PMC9948813 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of cannabis-use disorder and trauma exposure at the level of the brain is not well-understood. Cue-reactivity paradigms have largely focused on characterizing aberrant subcortical function by averaging across the entire task. However, changes across the task, including a non-habituating amygdala response (NHAR), may be a useful biomarker for relapse vulnerability and other pathology. This secondary analysis utilized existing fMRI data from a CUD population with (TR-Y, n = 18) or without trauma (TR-N, n = 15). Amygdala reactivity to novel and repeated aversive cues was examined between TR-Y vs. TR-N groups, using a repeated measures ANOVA. Analysis revealed a significant interaction between TR-Y vs. TR-N and amygdala response to novel vs. repeated cues in the amygdala (right: F (1,31) = 5.31, p = 0.028; left: F (1,31) = 7.42, p = 0.011). In the TR-Y group, a NHAR was evident, while the TR-N group exhibited amygdala habituation, resulting in a significant difference between groups of amygdala reactivity to repeated cues (right: p = 0.002; left: p < 0.001). The NHAR in the TR-Y (but not TR-N) group was significantly correlated with higher cannabis craving scores, yielding a significant group difference (z = 2.1, p = 0.018). Results suggest trauma interacts with the brain's sensitivity to aversive cues, offering a neural explanation for the relationship between trauma and CUD vulnerability. These findings suggest the importance of considering the temporal dynamics of cue reactivity and trauma history in future studies and treatment planning, as this distinction may help decrease relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Regier
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States,Corresponding author.
| | - Michael J. Gawrysiak
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States,West Chester University of Pennsylvania, 125 West Rosedale Avenue, 19383, United States
| | - Kanchana Jagannathan
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Teresa R. Franklin
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Reagan R. Wetherill
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
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Rodrigues DL, Balzarini RN, Zoppolat G, Slatcher R. Motives for Security and Sexual Activity Among Single Individuals at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Zoppolat
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Slatcher
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Self-Regulation in Adolescents: Polish Adaptation and Validation of the Self-Regulation Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127432. [PMID: 35742681 PMCID: PMC9223792 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Self-regulation is associated with life satisfaction, well-being, and life success. For adolescents, who may be exposed to peer pressure and engage in risky behaviors, the ability to self-regulate or control emotions, thoughts, and behaviors is crucial for healthy development. While self-regulatory skills have long been recognized as important for many areas of life, instruments to measure self-regulation remain limited, especially in Poland. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Self-Regulation Scale in the Polish adolescent sample. The data for this study were obtained as part of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2021/2022 pilot study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that the instrument has satisfying psychometric properties. A three-factor structure of the instrument was obtained with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional subscales, which corresponds to the original instrument and theoretical assumptions. The final version of instrument contains 24 items, and based on the statistical analysis, it is concluded that it is suitable to be used in adolescent samples.
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16
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Sullivan RM, Maple KE, Wallace AL, Thomas AM, Lisdahl KM. Examining Inhibitory Affective Processing Within the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Among Abstinent Cannabis-Using Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:851118. [PMID: 35418882 PMCID: PMC8995473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.851118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use has been associated with deficits in self-regulation, including inhibitory control. Cannabis users have previously exhibited both structural and functional deficits in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), a region involved in self-regulation of emotional response and inhibitory control. The present study aimed to examine whether abstinent cannabis users demonstrated abnormal functional activation and connectivity of the bilateral rACC during an emotional inhibitory processing task, and whether gender moderated these relationships. Cannabis-using (N = 34) and non-using (N = 32) participants ages 16-25 underwent at least 2-weeks of monitored substance use abstinence (excluding tobacco) and fMRI scanning while completing a Go/No-go task using fearful and calm emotional faces as non-targets. Multiple linear regression and ANCOVA were used to determine if cannabis group status was related to rACC activation and context-dependent functional connectivity, and whether gender moderated these relationships. Results showed decreased bilateral rACC activation in cannabis users during fearful response inhibition, although groups did not show any context-dependent connectivity differences between the left or right rACC during calm or fearful inhibition. Gender findings revealed that cannabis-using females compared to males did show aberrant connectivity between the right rACC and right cerebellum. These results are consistent with literature demonstrating aberrant structural and functional rACC findings and suggest that chronic cannabis use may disrupt typical rACC development-even after abstinence-potentially conferring risk for later development of mood disorders. Marginal gender-specific connectivity findings bolster continued findings regarding female vulnerability to effects of cannabis on cognition and affect. Findings should be assessed in longitudinal studies to determine causality and timing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Krista M. Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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17
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Okeke SR. "I always prefer to withdraw than use a condom": contextualising condomless sex among East Asian and sub-Saharan African international students in Sydney. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:20. [PMID: 34986875 PMCID: PMC8729151 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence and prevalence of blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections among young people continue to necessitate population-based studies to understand how contextualised sexual health services can be developed and implemented to promote protective behaviours such as consistent condom use. This study examined condomless sexual practice among a sample of East Asian and sub-Saharan African international university students in Sydney, Australia. METHODS This qualitative study was methodologically guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis. Data was provided by 20 international students sampled from five universities in Sydney, who participated in either face-to-face or telephone semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interview sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded in NVivo and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Condomless sexual practices appear to be common among the study group based on participants' self-reports of their own practices and the practices of friends and peers. Three themes contextualising condomless among the study participants were generated from the interview transcripts: (1) unanticipated sex, condom related stigma and alcohol use (2) pleasure-seeking, curiosity and intimacy (3) condomless sex as a gendered practice. CONCLUSIONS The result of this study has implications for public health research, practice and policy around design, implementation and evaluation of multi-layered and population-specific sexual health services that are tailored to addressing the needs of international students, who migrate from traditional sexual cultures to Australia, where sexual norms are more liberal.
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18
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Taguba KK, Keough MT, Bravo AJ, Wardell JD. Measuring Impaired Control over Cannabis Use: Initial Evaluation of the Impaired Control Scale-Cannabis (ICS-C). Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1303-1312. [PMID: 35621317 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2079137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Impaired control is a central concept in addiction. Impaired control over alcohol has been associated with heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems in young adults, but there is less research on impaired control over cannabis. Currently, there is no validated self-report instrument that comprehensively assesses impaired control over cannabis use. This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of a new measure, the Impaired Control Scale-Cannabis (ICS-C), which was adapted from the widely used Impaired Control Scale (ICS) for alcohol. Method: The sample consisted of students at two Canadian universities who reported past-month cannabis use (N = 362; 63% women; 66% White, mean age = 19.91). Participants completed an online survey including the ICS-C and ICS, along with measures of cannabis use, cannabis problems, alcohol use, impulsivity, and self-regulation. Results: After trimming problematic and redundant items, the final exploratory factor analysis of the ICS-C items yielded two factors: Attempted Control (attempts to control cannabis use) and Failed Control (unsuccessful attempts to limit cannabis use). High correlations between the ICS-C subscales and the Impaired Control subscale of the Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire provided evidence for convergent validity. Support for concurrent and discriminant validity was observed in the associations of the ICS-C subscales with cannabis use, cannabis problems, impulsivity, self-regulation, alcohol use, and the alcohol ICS. Conclusions: The ICS-C is a promising tool for assessing impaired control over cannabis in young adults. Future research should further validate the ICS-C and examine its potential clinical utility for identifying individuals at risk for cannabis use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Wardell
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Sorcher J, Branscum P. Behavior Change Techniques Used in Binge Drinking Interventions among College Students: A Systematic Review. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2021.1987178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sorcher
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Branscum
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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20
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Papanikolopoulos P, Mastrotheodoros S, Papanikolopoulou S, Parlapani E, Kaprinis SG. The brief self-control scale: Dimensionality and psychometric properties in Greek young adults. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2021.1964070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papanikolopoulos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Eleni Parlapani
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios G. Kaprinis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Nolet K, Emond FC, Pfaus JG, Gagnon J, Rouleau JL. Sexual Attentional Bias in Young Adult Heterosexual Men: Attention Allocation Following Self-Regulation. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2531-2542. [PMID: 34268658 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Being sexually aroused can lead to a stronger propensity to engage in sexual risk-taking and sexually coercive behaviors possibly by narrowing attentional focus toward immediate gratification rather than long-term consequences. The goal of this paper was to investigate the attentional processes implicated in sexual self-regulation failure and its moderating factors, namely having a stronger sensitivity to sexual cues (dual control model) or being less able to implement behavioral intentions (action control theory) following a first effortful task. A total of 82 young adult heterosexual men completed a Dot Probe task to assess their attentional bias toward sexual stimuli. Effortful control was manipulated using a Stroop task. Regardless of conditions, higher sexual excitability was predictive of a stronger attentional bias toward sexual cues, while higher inhibition due to threat of performance failure was predictive of a lower bias for such cues. In the experimental condition, action-oriented individuals were able to negate this attentional bias by staying more focused on the task, while state-oriented participants showed higher orientation toward the sexual cues and thus a higher bias. These results suggest that both higher-order processes, like intention implementation, and lower-order processes, like sexual inhibition and excitation systems, are the key to regulation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Nolet
- Laboratoire de Cyberpsychologie de L'UQO, Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Succ. Hull, 283 Boul. Alexandre-Taché, 2e étage, local C-2500, C.P. 1250, Gatineau, QC, J8X 3X7, Canada.
| | | | - James G Pfaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, VER, México
| | - Jean Gagnon
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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22
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Hahn CK, Hahn AM, Simons RM, Caraway SJ. Women's Perceived Likelihood to Engage in Sexual Risk Taking: Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Poor Behavioral Regulation. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:5872-5883. [PMID: 30261814 PMCID: PMC6584541 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518802851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sexual abuse prior to age 18 may put some women at risk for engaging in sexual risk taking. This association could exist, in part, as a result of the impact of posttraumatic stress symptoms on behavioral regulation. The current study utilized a path analysis to investigate the association between severity of sexual abuse before age 18, posttraumatic stress symptoms, poor behavioral regulation, and expected engagement in sexual risk taking among college women. The sample consisted of 88 college women with experiences of sexual abuse prior to the age of 18. Severity of sexual abuse predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms. In addition, posttraumatic stress symptoms predicted poor behavioral regulation, which in turn predicted expected engagement in sexual risk taking. These findings indicate functional mechanisms involved in sexual decision making of women who have had past sexual abuse and experience posttraumatic stress symptoms.
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23
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Zhou B, Li Y, Tang Y, Cao W. An Experience-Sampling Study on Academic Stressors and Cyberloafing in College Students: The Moderating Role of Trait Self-Control. Front Psychol 2021; 12:514252. [PMID: 34326788 PMCID: PMC8314437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.514252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Student cyberloafing is a relatively new educational phenomenon and is getting to be an outstanding issue that educators have to face. It is necessary to find out important factors that aggravate cyberloafing. Using an experience sampling method, this study examined the relationship between academic stressors and cyberloafing. Once a week for five consecutive weeks (T1–T5), 134 undergraduate students assessed the extent of academic stressors and cyberloafing of that week through an electronic questionnaire. Additionally, participants completed a trait self-control scale at Time 2. Results of two-level regression analysis showed that academic stressors were negatively associated with cyberloafing at the within-person level (i.e., week-to-week changes), but not at the between-person level. Furthermore, this relationship pattern was only observed in students with low trait self-control, while those with high trait self-control were less likely to cyberloaf regardless of academic stressors. These findings suggest that cyberloafing can fluctuate over periods, especially for individuals who lack self-control. Future research should consider cyberloafing from a dynamic perspective of individual-context interaction. Several practical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Cao
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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24
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O'Brien J, Fryer S, Parker J, Moore L. The effect of ego depletion on challenge and threat evaluations during a potentially stressful public speaking task. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2021; 34:266-278. [PMID: 33141603 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1839732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that challenge and threat evaluations affect the performance of potentially stressful tasks. However, the factors that influence these evaluations have rarely been examined. Objective: This study examined the effects of ego depletion on challenge and threat evaluations during a public speaking task. Method: 262 participants (150 males, 112 females; Mage = 20.5, SD = 4.3) were randomly assigned to either an ego depletion or control group. Participants then completed self-report measures of trait self-control. The ego depletion group performed a written transcription task requiring self-control, while the control group transcribed the text normally. Before the public speaking task, participant's challenge and threat evaluations and subjective ratings of performance were assessed via self-report items. Results: The results of independent t-tests supported the effectiveness of the self-control manipulation. There were no significant differences between the ego depletion and control groups in terms of challenge and threat evaluations or subjective performance. Additional correlation analyses revealed that trait measures of self-control were significantly and negatively related to challenge and threat evaluations and subjective performance. Conclusion: Findings suggest that ego depletion might not influence appraisals of potentially stressful tasks, and thus add to recent evidence questioning the ego-depletion phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O'Brien
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - S Fryer
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - J Parker
- Higher Education Sport, Hartpury University, Gloucester, UK
| | - L Moore
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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25
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Regulation/Non-Regulation/Dys-Regulation of Health Behavior, Psychological Reactance, and Health of University Undergraduate Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073793. [PMID: 33916478 PMCID: PMC8038604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Self-Regulation vs. External-Regulation Theory (2017) has postulated a continuum of regulation/non-regulation/dys-regulation that is present both in the individual and in the individual’s context. This gives rise to a behavioral heuristic that can predict and explain other health-related variables, such as psychological reactance and student health. On a voluntary basis, 269 university students completed validated questionnaires on variables of regulation, reactance and health. Using an ex post facto design, we performed correlational analysis and structural linear regression to build a structural equations model (SEM) with acceptable statistical values. The results showed various predicted relationships: self-regulation was associated with and positively predicted self-regulated health behavior; external health-regulating contexts were associated with and positively predicted self-regulated health behavior; non-regulatory and dysregulatory contexts negatively predicted self-regulated health behavior and students’ health itself, as well as positively predicting psychological reactance behavior. Implications are established for explaining variability in general and health-related self-regulation, as well as for intervening in these variables in health programs.
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26
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López-Madrigal C, de la Fuente J, García-Manglano J, Martínez-Vicente JM, Peralta-Sánchez FJ, Amate-Romera J. The Role of Gender and Age in the Emotional Well-Being Outcomes of Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020522. [PMID: 33435219 PMCID: PMC7828022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Young adults face different stressors in their transition to college. Negative emotions such as stress can emerge from the demands they face. This study aimed at gaining an improved understanding of the role that gender and age play in the well-being of young adults. Coping strategies, resilience, self-regulation, and positivity were selected as indicators of well-being. Descriptive and inferential analysis have been conducted. Results show that well-being varies significantly with age and gender. Gender was predominantly involved in the acquisition of the well-being outcomes, highly predicting problem-focused coping strategies. No interaction effects were found between gender and age. An improved understanding of the developmental factors involved in well-being outcomes will enlighten future interventions aimed at improving young people’s resources to face adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia López-Madrigal
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
- Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jesús de la Fuente
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
- School of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.M.-V.); (F.J.P.-S.); (J.A.-R.)
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Amate-Romera
- School of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (J.M.M.-V.); (F.J.P.-S.); (J.A.-R.)
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27
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Martin-Storey A, Fromme K. Mediating Factors Explaining the Association Between Sexual Minority Status and Dating Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:132-159. [PMID: 29294889 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517726971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence presents a serious threat for individual health and well-being. A growing body of literature suggests that starting in adolescence, individuals with sexual minority identities (e.g., individuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual) may be at an increased risk for dating violence compared with heterosexuals. Research has not, however, identified the mechanisms that explain this vulnerability. Using a diverse sample of young adults (n = 2,474), the current study explored how minority stress theory, revictimization theory, sex of sexual partners, and risky sexual behavior explained differences in dating violence between sexual minority and heterosexual young adults. Initial analyses suggested higher rates of dating violence among individuals who identified as bisexual, and individuals who identified as gay or lesbian when compared with heterosexuals, and further found that these associations failed to differ across gender. When mediating and control variables were included in the analyses, however, the association between both sexual minority identities and higher levels of dating violence became nonsignificant. Of particular interest was the role of discrimination, which mediated the association between bisexual identity and dating violence. Other factors, including sex and number of sexual partners, alcohol use, and childhood maltreatment, were associated with higher rates of dating violence but did not significantly explain vulnerability among sexual minority individuals compared with their heterosexual peers. These findings suggest the importance of minority stress theory in explaining vulnerability to dating violence victimization among bisexuals in particular, and generally support the importance of sexual-minority specific variables in understanding risk for dating violence within this vulnerable population.
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28
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Klugah-Brown B, Di X, Zweerings J, Mathiak K, Becker B, Biswal B. Common and separable neural alterations in substance use disorders: A coordinate-based meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4459-4477. [PMID: 32964613 PMCID: PMC7555084 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Delineating common and separable neural alterations in substance use disorders (SUD) is imperative to understand the neurobiological basis of the addictive process and to inform substance‐specific treatment strategies. Given numerous functional MRI (fMRI) studies in different SUDs, a meta‐analysis could provide an opportunity to determine robust shared and substance‐specific alterations. The present study employed a coordinate‐based meta‐analysis covering fMRI studies in individuals with addictive cocaine, cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine use. The primary meta‐analysis demonstrated common alterations in primary dorsal striatal, and frontal circuits engaged in reward/salience processing, habit formation, and executive control across different substances and task‐paradigms. Subsequent sub‐analyses revealed substance‐specific alterations in frontal and limbic regions, with marked frontal and insula‐thalamic alterations in alcohol and nicotine use disorders respectively. Examining task‐specific alterations across substances revealed pronounced frontal alterations during cognitive processes yet stronger striatal alterations during reward‐related processes. Finally, an exploratory meta‐analysis revealed that neurofunctional alterations in striatal and frontal reward processing regions can already be determined with a high probability in studies with subjects with comparably short durations of use. Together the findings emphasize the role of dysregulations in frontostriatal circuits and dissociable contributions of these systems in the domains of reward‐related and cognitive processes which may contribute to substance‐specific behavioral alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jana Zweerings
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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29
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Egan V, Bull S. Social support does not moderate the relationship between personality and risk-taking/antisocial behaviour. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Zhao W, Zimmermann K, Zhou X, Zhou F, Fu M, Dernbach C, Scheele D, Weber B, Eckstein M, Hurlemann R, Kendrick KM, Becker B. Impaired cognitive performance under psychosocial stress in cannabis-dependent men is associated with attenuated precuneus activity. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:88-97. [PMID: 31509368 PMCID: PMC7828906 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient regulation of stress plays an important role in the escalation of substance use, addiction and relapse. Accumulating evidence suggests dysregulations in cognitive and reward-related processes and the underlying neural circuitry in cannabis dependence. However, despite the important regulatory role of the endocannabinoid system in the stress response, associations between chronic cannabis use and altered stress processing at the neural level have not been systematically examined. METHODS Against this background, the present functional MRI study examined psychosocial stress processing in cannabis-dependent men (n = 28) and matched controls (n = 23) using an established stress-induction paradigm (Montreal Imaging Stress Task) that combines computerized (adaptive) mental arithmetic challenges with social evaluative threat. RESULTS During psychosocial stress exposure, but not the no-stress condition, cannabis users demonstrated impaired performance relative to controls. In contrast, levels of experienced stress and cardiovascular stress responsivity did not differ from controls. Functional MRI data revealed that stress-induced performance deteriorations in cannabis users was accompanied by decreased precuneus activity and increased connectivity of this region with the superior frontal gyrus. LIMITATIONS Only male cannabis-dependent users were examined; the generalizability in female users remains to be determined. CONCLUSION Together, the present findings provide first evidence for exaggerated stress-induced cognitive performance deteriorations in cannabis users. The neural data suggest that deficient stress-related recruitment of the precuneus may be associated with the deterioration of performance at the behavioural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Kaeli Zimmermann
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Feng Zhou
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Meina Fu
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Christian Dernbach
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Dirk Scheele
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Bernd Weber
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Monika Eckstein
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - René Hurlemann
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Keith M. Kendrick
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
| | - Benjamin Becker
- From the Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China (Zhao, Zhou, Zhou, Fu, Kendrick, Becker); the Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Zimmermann, Dernbach, Scheele, Hurlemann); the Center for Economics and Neuroscience, Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Weber); the Department of NeuroCognition, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany (Weber); and the Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Eckstein)
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Knowles A, Rinehart JK, Steinberg L, Frick PJ, Cauffman E. Risky Sexual Behavior among Arrested Adolescent Males: The Role of Future Expectations and Impulse Control. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 2:562-579. [PMID: 30983069 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluates two predictors of adolescent sexual risk-taking, specifically whether impulse control or future expectations predict condom use and casual sex. We examine whether risky sex occurs among youth who tend to act without thinking about the future, or instead, youth who report low future expectations. We consider these relations longitudinally among a sample of sexually active justice-involved adolescent males (N = 752, M age = 15.58) a group at heightened risk for sexual risk-taking. We found that optimistic expectations for the future predict a higher likelihood of engaging in consistent condom use, whereas high impulse control is related to a lower likelihood of casual sex. Implications for intervention and research on positive sexual health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul J Frick
- Louisiana State University System
- Australian Catholic University
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The association between meaning in life and harmful drinking is mediated by individual differences in self-control and alcohol value. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 11:100258. [PMID: 32467847 PMCID: PMC7244925 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The adoption of adult roles that provide meaning in life is associated with reduced harmful drinking. The current study examined whether this relationship is mediated by increased self-control and reduced value of alcohol. Methods Cross-sectional design. 1043 adults (786 females) ≥18 years old completed an online survey. The outcome variable was scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), predictor variables were presence of and search for meaning in life (Meaning in Life Questionnaire), and mediating variables were trait self-control (Brief Self-Control Scale) and the value of alcohol (Brief Assessment of Alcohol Demand). Results Presence of meaning in life had a significant negative association (B = -0.01, SE = 0.00, 95% CI -0.02 to -0.00, p = .015), whilst search for meaning in life had a significant positive association (B = 0.01, SE = 0.00, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.02, p = .001) with AUDIT scores. The negative association was mediated by increased self-control (B = -0.09, SE = 0.01, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.06) and decreased value of alcohol (B = -0.02, SE = 0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.00), whilst the positive association was mediated by decreased self-control (B = 0.05, SE = 0.01, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.07) and increased value of alcohol (B = 0.02, SE = 0.01, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.04), thereby supporting our hypotheses. Conclusions The relationships between presence and search for meaning in life and harmful drinking are mediated by individual differences in both trait self-control and the value of alcohol.
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Consumption Patterns of Alcohol and Alcohol mixed with Energy Drinks in Australian Students and Non-Students. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010149. [PMID: 31948025 PMCID: PMC7019232 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies assessing alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) use and drinking behaviors have been largely restricted to student-only cohorts. Thus, it is not known whether evidence from these studies is applicable to non-student populations. This study examined alcohol consumption and involvement in negative alcohol-related consequences among AMED and alcohol-only (AO) users, with the aim of determining whether drinking behaviors differ according to student status. An online survey was conducted in Australia to assess alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences following AMED and AO consumption, according to student status. The final sample consisted of 1369 participants. Between-subjects analyses comparing AMED and AO users, confirmed previous findings in that, compared with AO users, AMED users consumed significantly more alcohol, consumed alcohol more frequently and were involved in a greater number of alcohol-related consequences. Within-subjects analyses of AMED users comparing AMED and AO drinking occasions revealed that significantly less alcohol was consumed and involvement in negative alcohol-related consequences was lower during AMED compared with AO drinking occasions. Regardless of drink type, compared with students, non-students consumed more alcohol, consumed alcohol more frequently and were involved in a greater number of negative alcohol-related consequences. These findings provide further evidence that AMED use is one manifestation of a risk-taking personality and suggest that non-students drink more alcohol, drink more frequently and are involved in a greater number of negative alcohol-related consequences than students.
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Yang B, Nan X. Influence of Norm-Based Messages on College Students' Binge Drinking Intentions: Considering Norm Type, Regulatory Mode, and Level of Alcohol Consumption. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:1711-1720. [PMID: 30198778 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1517708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of norm-based messages on U.S. college students' binge drinking intentions, focusing on norm type, locomotion and assessment regulatory modes, and level of alcohol consumption as possible moderators. Results of an online experiment (N = 519) revealed significant three-way interactions among regulatory mode (assessment/locomotion), level of alcohol consumption, and norm type (i.e., descriptive vs. injunctive norms) on binge drinking intentions. The relative persuasiveness of descriptive vs. injunctive norm-based messages was contingent upon an individual's locomotion/assessment regulatory mode and overall alcohol consumption level. Findings from this study extend research on social norms and regulatory mode and provide useful suggestions for the norm-based college drinking intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, School of Public Health, Georgia State University
| | - Xiaoli Nan
- Department of Communication, University of Maryland
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Sizemore KM, Carter JA, Millar BM, Cain D, Parsons JT, Rendina HJ. Attachment as a Predictor of Psychological and Sexual Wellbeing Among Transgender Women in New York City. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:1192-1202. [PMID: 31379205 PMCID: PMC6791782 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1644486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV and experience high rates of depression and anxiety. The importance of secure attachment in buffering against negative sexual and mental health outcomes is well established. However, few studies have examined attachment among transgender women. We recruited a community-based convenience sample of 213 transgender women in New York City (Mage =34.3; SD = 11.7). The majority were women of color (75.6%), almost half identified as heterosexual (47.4%), and 34.7% were HIV-positive. Preliminary analyses examined the sample distribution across attachment categories using the Revised Experiences in Close Relationships scale. Specifically, Brennan, Clark and Shaver's guidelines were used for categorization (43.19% fearful, 22.5% preoccupied, 21.6% dismissive, and 12.7% secure). Regression analyses examined the association of dimensional attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and their interaction with depression, anxiety, self-efficacy for condom use, temptations for condomless sex, and condomless sex acts. Results indicated a positive association between attachment anxiety and depression, anxiety, temptations and probability for condomless sex; and also between attachment avoidance and condomless sex probability. A significant interaction indicated that individuals with low attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance (i.e., secure) had the greatest condom use self-efficacy and the lowest probability of engaging in condomless sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Marie Sizemore
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
| | - Joseph A. Carter
- Health Psychology and Clinical Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
| | - Brett M. Millar
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
| | - Demetria Cain
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey T. Parsons
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
- Health Psychology and Clinical Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
| | - H. Jonathon Rendina
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
- Health Psychology and Clinical Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
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Fosco WD, Hawk LW, Colder CR, Meisel SN, Lengua LJ. The development of inhibitory control in adolescence and prospective relations with delinquency. J Adolesc 2019; 76:37-47. [PMID: 31442813 PMCID: PMC6803097 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the central role of inhibitory control in models of adolescent development, few studies have examined the longitudinal development of inhibitory control within adolescence and its prospective association with maladaptive outcomes. The current study evaluated: 1) growth in inhibitory control from early- to middle-adolescence, and 2) the relation between inhibitory control and later delinquency. METHODS Participants included 387 parent-child dyads (11-13 years old at Wave 1; 55% female; USA). Across three annual assessments, teens completed the Stop Signal Task (SST), and parents completed the Inhibitory Control subscale of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised. Teens self-reported their delinquent behaviors in early (Mage = 12.1) and middle adolescence (Mage = 14.1) and emerging adulthood (Mage = 18.2). RESULTS Latent growth curve models indicated that SST performance improved curvilinearly from early to middle adolescence (ages 11-15), with growth slowing around middle adolescence. However, no growth in parent-reported inhibitory control was observed. Lower task-based and parent-reported inhibitory control in early adolescence predicted greater increases in delinquency from middle adolescence to emerging adulthood. However, rate of growth in task-based inhibitory control was unrelated to later delinquency. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study provides a novel examination of the development of inhibitory control across early and middle adolescence. Results suggest that the degree to which inhibitory control confers risk for later delinquency may be captured in early adolescence, consistent with neurodevelopmental accounts of delinquency risk. Differences across assessment tools also highlight the need for careful measurement considerations in future work, as task-based measures may be better suited to capture within-person changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney D Fosco
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Larry W Hawk
- 230 Park Hall, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Craig R Colder
- 230 Park Hall, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Samuel N Meisel
- 230 Park Hall, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Liliana J Lengua
- Guthrie Hall 119A, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Wolff JM, Crockett LJ. Decision making processes and alcohol use among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:627-637. [PMID: 30388944 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1499654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The neurobiological model of risk-taking and the dual-process model of decision making each provide possible explanations of risky behavior among youth, but their interconnections have rarely been explored, especially among college students, a time of increased alcohol use. Participants: n = 382; Mage = 19.25, SD = 1.33. Method: Participants completed a survey about their deliberative and intuitive decision making style (based on the dual-process model), their socioemotional and cognitive control processes (based on the neurobiological model), and alcohol use. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that dual-process variables and neurobiological variables were positively related. Deliberative decision making and cognitive control were negatively related to alcohol use whereas intuitive decision making was not. Comment: Discussion focuses on the integration of theoretical models with real-world health behaviors and considers implications of the current findings in terms of prevention and intervention to reduce drinking among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Wolff
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida , Jacksonville , Florida , USA
| | - Lisa J Crockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA
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Tran J, Teese R, Gill PR. UPPS-P facets of impulsivity and alcohol use patterns in college and noncollege emerging adults. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 44:695-704. [PMID: 30188749 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1503280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use and related problems reach a peak in emerging adulthood. Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct known to be involved in emerging adult alcohol use. Few studies have examined impulsivity and alcohol use across both college attending and noncollege attending emerging adults. OBJECTIVES To clarify the multifaceted nature of impulsivity and its links to emerging adult alcohol use, this study investigated whether the five distinct facets of the UPPS-P model of impulsivity were predictive of three different behavioral outcomes: alcohol intake, alcohol related problems and binge drinking. In addition, the moderating effects of college attendance were tested. METHODS A community sample comprising 273 Australian college and noncollege attendees (58.6% women; 41.4% men) aged between 18 and 30 years (Mage = 23.71, SD = 2.81). RESULTS Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that lack of premeditation predicted alcohol intake and binge drinking behavior, whilst positive and negative urgency predicted alcohol related problems. Moderation analyses revealed that the effects of impulsivity on alcohol patterns were consistent for college and noncollege attending emerging adults. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of impulsive urgency (both positive and negative) in emerging adult problematic alcohol use, and support the generalizability of college samples to broader emerging adult populations. Emerging adults may use alcohol to avoid negative mood states and further enhance positive mood states. Improved emotional regulation may help both college and non-college emerging adults reduce their alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tran
- a School of Health Sciences , Federation University Australia , Ballarat , Australia
| | - Robert Teese
- a School of Health Sciences , Federation University Australia , Ballarat , Australia
| | - Peter Richard Gill
- b Institute for Health and Sport , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia
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Acuff SF, Soltis KE, Dennhardt AA, Borsari B, Martens MP, Witkiewitz K, Murphy JG. Temporal precedence of self-regulation over depression and alcohol problems: Support for a model of self-regulatory failure. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:603-615. [PMID: 31448930 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is highly comorbid with depression, especially among college students, whose rates of both phenomena are higher than in the general population. The self-medication hypothesis (i.e., alcohol use is negatively reinforced via the alleviation of negative affect) has dominated explanatory models of comorbidity. However, self-regulation has also demonstrated cross-sectional relationships with both depression and alcohol problems and may contribute to the development of alternative comorbidity models. Self-regulation introduces three alternative models that can be tested empirically: (a) a depressed regulation model, (b) a central nervous system depressant model, and (c) a self-regulatory failure model. The purpose of this study was to test the utility of these models (in addition to the self-medication hypothesis) by examining the temporal precedence in the relations between self-regulation, depressive symptoms, and alcohol problems among heavy-drinking college students (N = 393) over 5 assessment points (baseline, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and 16 months) using an autoregressive cross-lagged model. Lower self-regulation, and higher alcohol problems and depressive symptoms, prospectively predicted higher depressive symptoms. Higher alcohol problems and lower self-regulation prospectively predicted higher alcohol problems. Only self-regulation prospectively predicted self-regulation. These results were consistent across multiple time points. Findings are consistent with a self-regulatory failure model of depressive symptoms and alcohol problems. Therefore, self-regulation may be an important etiological variable and potential intervention target to reduce both alcohol problems and depressive symptoms among college students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology and Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions
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Tonde SS, Gandhi M, Patil YR. Prevalence of Shukra vega dharana in an Indian population: A cross sectional survey protocol. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019; 10:119-125. [PMID: 31230665 PMCID: PMC6598811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being an important aspect of health and quality of life, individuals tend to suppress natural sexual urge ('Shukra vega') due to a variety of factors. Unless managed appropriately through self-regulatory mechanisms, suppressed sexual urge ('Shukra vega dharana', SVD) not only causes psychological suffering but may also put other basic needs at risk. Adult, married, males who are either living away from their spouse for long durations or separated or divorced are at a considerably higher risk of developing SVD as compared to others. Considering the recent rise of sexual diseases and sexual violence, it is critical to understand the extent and epidemiology of SVD in this sub-population of India. OBJECTIVE The study was attempted to understand the extent and epidemiology of SVD in this sub-population of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the prevalence of SVD in adult married, male individuals located in Nashik, Ahmadnagar and Thane cities of India who are either living away from their spouse or separated or divorced, a crosssectional, anonymous survey will be conducted among a sample of male individuals meeting eligibility criteria. A multi-stage sampling approach will be used to identify cities/organizations (where the study will be conducted) and participants for the study. Post informed consent, eligible individuals will respond to a survey questionnaire. Responses will be populated in a spreadsheet, analyzed and reported. Understanding extent and epidemiology of SVD in an Indian sub-population will not only facilitate design of future research studies but will also inform health, social and educational policy associated with sex education (training individuals in the appropriate management of sexual urge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivananda S Tonde
- Ayurveda Seva Sangh, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Panchvati, Nashik, 422003, India.
| | - Mihir Gandhi
- Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, #02-01, Nanos, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Yashwant R Patil
- Department of Swasthavritta, Government Ayurveda College, Wazirabad, Nanded, 431601, India
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Transitions in drinking behaviors across the college years: A latent transition analysis. Addict Behav 2019; 92:108-114. [PMID: 30611066 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College student alcohol use remains a considerable concern. While many colleges provide universal interventions surrounding matriculation, trends indicate alcohol use increases over the college years. This study utilized a person-centered approach to examine changes in drinking across college and predictors (expectancies, attitudes, norms, and gender) of increases in risky drinking. Understanding transitions in drinking patterns and predictors of risky transitions can help identify risky students, periods of increased risk, and inform prevention efforts. METHOD 1429 first-year students were recruited from three universities across the USA. Students were assessed in the fall of each of the four years of college using a wide variety of drinking-related measures. RESULTS Latent transition analysis (LTA) identified five classes of students (Non-Drinkers, Weekend Light Drinkers, Weekend Heavy Drinkers, Occasional Heavy Episodic Drinkers, Heavy Drinkers). Heavy-Drinkers were not likely to move out of their status during all four years of college. All psychosocial factors were shown to predict class membership during the first year (e.g., higher positive expectancies were associated with greater likelihood of being in a higher risk class). Increased psychosocial risk factors also predicted transitioning to higher risk drinking classes, mostly for Non-Drinkers. Differences by gender were observed. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate many students maintain or increase risky drinking practices, rather than mature out, suggesting continued need for early prevention. Targeting positive attitudes during the first year may be particularly important for later transitions. Males may benefit more from targeted intervention during the transition between third and fourth years.
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Staller MS, Müller M, Christiansen P, Zaiser B, Körner S, Cole JC. Ego depletion and the use of force: Investigating the effects of ego depletion on police officers' intention to use force. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:161-168. [PMID: 30575979 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate corresponding self-control and self-control failures that are the result of ego depletion and its impact on police officers' decision to use force. For that purpose, a total of 200 German police recruits were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Ego depletion was manipulated using the "e" crossing task. Participants then worked through a video-based scenario exercise, in which they encountered a provocative citizen. They were required to indicate the time that they would take to resort to using force to resolve the situation. Results showed that ego depleted officers intended to use force earlier than controls. This indicates that circumstances that produce ego depletion could lead to the inappropriate use of force by reducing self-control. This has major implications for the police use of force and how we understand police officers' decision making in response to provocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario S. Staller
- Tactical Decision Making Research Group; Department of Psychological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
- Law School; Ruhr University Bochum; Bochum Germany
| | | | - Paul Christiansen
- Tactical Decision Making Research Group; Department of Psychological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Zaiser
- Tactical Decision Making Research Group; Department of Psychological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Swen Körner
- Tactical Decision Making Research Group; Department of Psychological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
- Institute of Pedagogy and Philosophy; German Sports University Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Jon C. Cole
- Tactical Decision Making Research Group; Department of Psychological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool United Kingdom
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Hayden BY. Why has evolution not selected for perfect self-control? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180139. [PMID: 30966922 PMCID: PMC6335460 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-control refers to the ability to deliberately reject tempting options and instead select ones that produce greater long-term benefits. Although some apparent failures of self-control are, on closer inspection, reward maximizing, at least some self-control failures are clearly disadvantageous and non-strategic. The existence of poor self-control presents an important evolutionary puzzle because there is no obvious reason why good self-control should be more costly than poor self-control. After all, a rock is infinitely patient. I propose that self-control failures result from cases in which well-learned (and thus routinized) decision-making strategies yield suboptimal choices. These mappings persist in the decision-makers' repertoire because they result from learning processes that are adaptive in the broader context, either on the timescale of learning or of evolution. Self-control, then, is a form of cognitive control and the subjective feeling of effort likely reflects the true costs of cognitive control. Poor self-control, in this view, is ultimately a result of bounded optimality. This article is part of the theme issue 'Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y. Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Hicks MR, Kogan SM. Racial Discrimination, Protective Processes, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Black Young Males. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:507-519. [PMID: 30671878 PMCID: PMC7931456 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Racial discrimination is a documented risk factor for sexual risk behaviors among young Black men. Mechanisms of effect and protective processes remain to be investigated. This study examined the mediating effect of emotional distress, self-regulation, and substance use on the association between racial discrimination and sexual risk behaviors. Sexual risk behaviors included in this study were inconsistent condom use and sexual concurrency (sexual partnerships that overlap overtime). The protective effect of protective social ties was also investigated. A sample of 505 heterosexually active men aged 19-22 years were recruited and surveyed for 3 time points. Men answered questions on racial discrimination, sexual risk behaviors, emotional distress, self-regulation, and substance use. Mediation and moderation models were tested. Racial discrimination (T1) significantly and positively predicted emotional distress (T2). Emotional distress, substance use, and self-regulation partially mediated the association between racial discrimination and sexual risk behaviors. Protective social ties attenuated the effects of emotional distress on substance use and self-regulation. Racial discrimination is an important context for sexual risk behaviors. Minority stress may translate to sexual risk behavior through psychosocial mediators, such as emotional distress, self-regulation, and substance use. Protective social ties may buffer against emotional distress to reduce substance use and increase self-regulation. The findings of this study can provide new insights through the investigation of risk and protective processes that influence sexual risk behaviors among young Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Hicks
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Pereira AS, Willhelm AR, Koller SH, Almeida RMMD. Fatores de risco e proteção para tentativa de suicídio na adultez emergente. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:3767-3777. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182311.29112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo foi investigar os fatores de risco e proteção para tentativa de suicídio na adultez emergente. Participaram 189 indivíduos de 18 a 30 anos: 63 que já haviam tentado suicídio, 63 que tinham histórico de ideação suicida e 63 que nunca tiveram ideação suicida. Os dados foram coletados online com instrumentos relacionados à tentativa de suicídio e ideação suicida, ansiedade social, autoestima, autoeficácia, expressão social, relações de amizade e estressores desenvolvimentais. O grupo que não possui ideação apresentou médias superiores em autoeficácia (M = 35,35; DP = 6,44), autoestima (M = 41,33; DP = 7,02) e relacionamento familiar (M = 59,63; DP = 10,01). O grupo que apresentou ideação suicida teve médias superiores em ansiedade social (M = 26,03; DP = 10,25). Fatores protetivos são essenciais para a prevenção ao risco de suicídio e auxiliam na resolução de problemas na adultez emergente.
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Burkley E, Burkley M, Curtis J, Hatvany T. Lead us not into temptation: The seven deadly sins as a taxonomy of temptations. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roeser KA, Somers CL, Mangus LR. Emerging Adults’ Risk-Taking Behaviors: Personal and Social Predictors. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-018-9318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been conceptualized as a chronic self-regulation failure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the most probable pathways related to self-regulation among patients with AUD. In this study, a hypothetical model was proposed that focused on the relationship between risk factors (extrinsic life goals, emotion dysregulation) and protective factors (intrinsic life goals, self-control, and abstinence self-efficacy). METHODS Male patients with AUD (N = 188) were recruited from alcohol centers of four psychiatric hospitals between March 2015 and September 2015. All participants completed psychological assessments, including the Future Oriented Goals Scale (FOGS), the Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASE), the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) as well as sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS The final model was found to be a good fit to data. In testing indirect effects, it was shown that intrinsic life goals via emotion dysregulation, self-control, and alcohol abstinence self-efficacy decreased alcohol self-regulation failure. On the other hand, extrinsic life goals via these factors increased alcohol self-regulation failure. Conclusions/Importance: These results suggest that intrinsic goals might indirectly be the important and protective factors for AUD. Moreover, the findings implicate that self-regulation through goal setting may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and improve function among patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Doo Won
- a Department of Psychology , Graduate School of Ajou University , Suwon , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Clinical Psychology , Keyo Hospital, Keyo Medical Foundation , Uiwang , Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Yel Kim
- c Department of Psychiatry , Keyo Hospital, Keyo Medical Foundation , Uiwang , Republic of Korea
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The Influence of Purpose in Life on Alcohol Self-Regulation Failure Among Male Inpatients with Alcohol Use Disorder: the Mediation Effects of Self-Control and Abstinence Self-Efficacy. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-017-9814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Wagenaar C, Florence M, Adams S, Savahl S. Factors influencing the relationship between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behaviour among young people: A systematic review. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1483049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Wagenaar
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maria Florence
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabirah Adams
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shazly Savahl
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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