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Li D, Liu R, Ye F, Li R, Li X, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhou J, Wang G. Modulation of brain function and antidepressant effects by transcranial alternating current stimulation in patients with major depressive disorder: Evidence from ERP. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:1-8. [PMID: 38824877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but its mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of tACS on event-related potentials (ERP) based on a randomized controlled study. All patients were divided into two groups to receive either 20 sessions 77.5Hz-tACS or 20 sessions of sham stimulation during 4 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression -17 item (HAMD-17) and ERP during face-word Stroop task were recorded before and after the treatment (the fourth weekend). Our findings indicate a significant alleviation of depressive symptoms after tACS. For the behavioral performance, sham group showed a significant decrease in reaction time to the sad incongruent condition and an increase in accuracy to the happy condition. The active group showed an increase in accuracy to the incongruent condition. ERP analysis revealed that tACS significantly shortened the latency of P2 to incongruent condition, decreased the amplitude and prolonged the latency of N2 to negative condition. These ERP alterations suggest a potential rectification of negative bias and enhancement of cognitive functioning in patients with MDD, offering insights into the antidepressant mechanisms of tACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fukang Ye
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruinan Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueshan Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Yin Y, He S, He N, Zhang W, Luo L, Chen L, Liu T, Tian M, Xu J, Chen S, Li F. Brain alterations in sensorimotor and emotional regions associated with temporomandibular disorders. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1367-1378. [PMID: 36516329 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by sensorimotor and psychological dysfunction, with evidence revealing the implication of a dysfunctional central nervous system. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported brain alterations in TMD, but most studies focused on either structure or function by a single modality of MRI and investigated static functional connectivity (FC) in TMD. By combining structural and functional MRI data, the present study aimed to identify brain regions with structural abnormalities in TMD patients and examine static and dynamic FC seeded by these regions to investigate structural brain alterations and related disrupted FC underlying the pathophysiology of TMD. METHODS We recruited 30 TMD patients and 20 healthy controls who underwent 3.0 T MRI scanning with T1-weighted images using a three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence and resting state functional images using a gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence. Cortical thickness, volume, surface area, and subcortical volume were calculated, where brain areas with significant structural between-group differences were treated as seeds for static and dynamic FC analyses. RESULTS In this preliminary study, we found between-group alterations in sensorimotor regions including decreased cortical thickness in the right sensorimotor cortex as well as decreased volume in the left putamen and associated reduced dynamic FC with the anterior midcingulate cortex; and alterations in emotion processing and regulation regions including decreased volume/surface area in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and associated increased dynamic FC with the precuneus in TMD patients than controls, having all p < 0.05 with corrections for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION Our findings of structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions implicated in sensorimotor and emotional functions provided evidence for the biopsychosocial model of TMD and facilitated our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying TMD. The associations between neuroimaging results and clinical measurements of TMD warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shushu He
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lekai Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhou Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingchen Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Sun R, Fietz J, Erhart M, Poehlchen D, Henco L, Brückl TM, Czisch M, Saemann PG, Spoormaker VI. Free-viewing gaze patterns reveal a mood-congruency bias in MDD during an affective fMRI/eye-tracking task. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:559-571. [PMID: 37087709 PMCID: PMC10995059 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been related to abnormal amygdala activity during emotional face processing. However, a recent large-scale study (n = 28,638) found no such correlation, which is probably due to the low precision of fMRI measurements. To address this issue, we used simultaneous fMRI and eye-tracking measurements during a commonly employed emotional face recognition task. Eye-tracking provide high-precision data, which can be used to enrich and potentially stabilize fMRI readouts. With the behavioral response, we additionally divided the active task period into a task-related and a free-viewing phase to explore the gaze patterns of MDD patients and healthy controls (HC) and compare their respective neural correlates. Our analysis showed that a mood-congruency attentional bias could be detected in MDD compared to healthy controls during the free-viewing phase but without parallel amygdala disruption. Moreover, the neural correlates of gaze patterns reflected more prefrontal fMRI activity in the free-viewing than the task-related phase. Taken together, spontaneous emotional processing in free viewing might lead to a more pronounced mood-congruency bias in MDD, which indicates that combined fMRI with eye-tracking measurement could be beneficial for our understanding of the underlying psychopathology of MDD in different emotional processing phases.Trial Registration: The BeCOME study is registered on ClinicalTrials (gov: NCT03984084) by the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Munich, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Behavioral and Psychological Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Julia Fietz
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mira Erhart
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Poehlchen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Henco
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja M Brückl
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Victor I Spoormaker
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Zheng R, Bu C, Chen Y, Wei Y, Zhou B, Jiang Y, Zhu C, Wang K, Wang C, Li S, Han S, Zhang Y, Cheng J. Decreased intrinsic neural timescale in treatment-naïve adolescent depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:389-397. [PMID: 38160888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is mainly characterized by its core dysfunction in higher-order brain cortices involved in emotional and cognitive processes, whose neurobiological basis remains unclear. In this study, we applied a relatively new developed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) method of intrinsic neural timescale (INT), which reflects how long neural information is stored in a local brain area and reflects an ability of information integration, to investigate the local intrinsic neural dynamics using univariate and multivariate analyses in adolescent depression. METHOD Based on the rs-fMRI data of sixty-six treatment-naïve adolescents with MDD and fifty-two well-matched healthy controls (HCs), we calculated an INT by assessing the magnitude of autocorrelation of the resting-state brain activity, and then compared the difference of INT between the two groups. Correlation between abnormal INT and clinical features was performed. We also utilized multivariate pattern analysis to determine whether INT could differentiate MDD patients from HCs at the individual level. RESULT Compared with HCs, patients with MDD showed shorter INT widely distributed in cortical and partial subcortical regions. Interestingly, the decreased INT in the left hippocampus was related to disease severity of MDD. Furthermore, INT can distinguish MDD patients from HCs with the most discriminative regions located in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, angular, middle occipital gyrus, and cerebellar posterior lobe. CONCLUSION Our research aids in advancing understanding the brain abnormalities of treatment-naïve adolescents with MDD from the perspective of the local neural dynamics, highlighting the significant role of INT in understanding neurophysiological mechanisms. This study shows that the altered intrinsic timescales of local neural signals widely distributed in higher-order brain cortices regions may be the neurodynamic basis of cognitive and emotional disturbances in MDD patients, and provides preliminary support for the suggestion that these could be used to aid the identification of MDD patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Bu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Chendi Zhu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Kefan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China.
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, PR China.
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5
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Yang X, Fridman AJ, Unsworth N, Casement MD. Pupillary motility responses to affectively salient stimuli in individuals with depression or elevated risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105125. [PMID: 36924842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Elaborative affective processing is observed in depression, and pupillary reactivity, a continuous, sensitive, and reliable indicator of physiological arousal and neurocognitive processing, is increasingly utilized in studies of depression-related characteristics. As a first attempt to quantitively summarize existing evidence on depression-related pupillary reactivity alterations, this review and meta-analysis evaluated the direction, magnitude, and specificity of pupillary indices of affective processing towards positively, negatively, and neutrally-valenced stimuli among individuals diagnosed with depression or with elevated risk of depression. Studies on pupillary responses to affective stimuli in the target groups were identified in PsycINFO and PubMed databases. Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria for the qualitative review and 16 for the quantitative review. Three-level frequentist and Bayesian models were applied to summarize pooled effects from baseline-controlled stimuli-induced average changes in pupillary responses. In general, compared to non-depressed individuals, individuals with depression or elevated risk of depression exhibited higher pupillary reactivity (d =0.15) towards negatively-valenced stimuli during affective processing. Pupillary motility towards negatively-valenced stimuli may be a promising trait-like marker for depression vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Andrew J Fridman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Nash Unsworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
| | - Melynda D Casement
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR US 97403, USA.
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6
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von Koch L, Kathmann N, Reuter B. Lack of speeded disengagement from facial expressions of disgust in remitted major depressive disorder: Evidence from an eye-movement study. Behav Res Ther 2023; 160:104231. [PMID: 36463834 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute major depression is characterized by specific abnormalities in the way emotional material is attended to. In late stages of stimulus processing, clinically depressed and dysphoric individuals show difficulties to disengage attention from emotionally negative material. It is unclear, however, whether aberrant disengagement is a transitory attentional phenomenon tied to depressive symptoms, or whether it constitutes a more stable disposition that outlast the symptomatic episode. To address this issue, the current study examined 39 currently euthymic individuals previously affected by major depression (RMD) and 40 healthy control participants reporting no lifetime psychopathology (ND). We used a gaze-contingent eye tracking paradigm designed to separately assess the attentional components of engagement and disengagement when viewing facial expressions of sadness, disgust and happiness. Never-depressed healthy participants, but not remitted euthymic individuals, showed speeded disengagement from facial expressions of disgust. We propose that the lack of this distinct acceleration in previously depressed but fully remitted individuals might reflect an attentional disposition that carries over to euthymic phases of the disease. On the other hand, a tendency to disengage quickly from areas in the visual field that convey social disdain could potentially act as a protective, possibly mood-stabilizing bias in resilient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara von Koch
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, MSB Medical School Berlin, Germany
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7
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Armand S, Ozenne B, Svart N, Frøkjaer VG, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM, Stenbaek DS. Brain serotonin transporter is associated with cognitive-affective biases in healthy individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4174-4184. [PMID: 35607850 PMCID: PMC9374883 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive affective biases describe the tendency to process negative information or positive information over the other. These biases can be modulated by changing extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain, for example, by pharmacologically blocking and downregulating the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), which remediates negative affective bias. This suggests that higher levels of 5-HTT are linked to a priority of negative information over positive, but this link remains to be tested in vivo in healthy individuals. We, therefore, evaluated the association between 5-HTT levels, as measured with [11 C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET), and affective biases, hypothesising that higher 5-HTT levels are associated with a more negative bias. We included 98 healthy individuals with measures of [11 C]DASB binding potential (BPND ) and affective biases using The Emotional Faces Identification Task by subtracting the per cent hit rate for happy from that of sad faces (EFITAB ). We evaluated the association between [11 C]DASB BPND and EFITAB in a linear latent variable model, with the latent variable (5-HTTLV ) modelled from [11 C]DASB BPND in the fronto-striatal and fronto-limbic networks implicated in affective cognition. We observed an inverse association between 5-HTTLV and EFITAB (β = -8% EFITAB per unit 5-HTTLV , CI = -14% to -3%, p = .002). These findings show that higher 5-HTT levels are linked to a more negative bias in healthy individuals. High 5-HTT supposedly leads to high clearance of 5-HT, and thus, a negative bias could result from low extracellular 5-HT. Future studies must reveal if a similar inverse association exists in individuals with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Armand
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Svart
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frøkjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbaek
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sinha N, Arora S, Srivastava P, Klein RM. What networks of attention are affected by depression? A meta-analysis of studies that used the attention network test. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lau EYY, Wong ML, Lam YC, Lau KNT, Chung KF, Rusak B. Sleep and Inhibitory Control Over Mood-Congruent Information in Emerging Adults With Depressive Disorder. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:1004-1012. [PMID: 34419999 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence has suggested bidirectionality between sleep problems and depression, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We assessed the role of sleep in inhibitory control ability with emotional stimuli, which has been shown to be suboptimal among individuals with depression and proposed to perpetuate depressive symptoms. METHODS Emerging adults (aged 18-25 years, 64.6% female) were screened for depressive and other mental disorders by structured clinical interview and questionnaire. Individuals with depressive disorders were assigned to have a polysomnography-monitored daytime sleep opportunity (Sleep-Dep, n = 20), whereas nondepressed individuals were randomized to either have daytime sleep (Sleep-Ctrl, n = 27) or stay awake (Wake-Ctrl, n = 18). Participants completed the Affective Go/No-Go Task two times, separated by experimental conditions. RESULTS A factorial model with a between-subject factor (Sleep-Dep/Sleep-Ctrl/Wake-Ctrl) and a within-subject factor (test 1/test 2) was used to assess if the groups differed in inhibitory control across test sessions, as inferred by changes in d-prime and false alarm rates (FA). Results from mixed factorial models showed a significant interaction effect between time and group on FA in the block with neutral faces as the target and happy faces as the nontarget (F(2,61) = 5.15, pfdr = .045). Although Sleep-Dep had decreased FA after sleep (t(19) = 2.94, pfdr = .050), Sleep-Ctrl and Wake-Ctrl had no significant between-session changes (p values > .05). Postsleep improvement in FA in Sleep-Dep correlated with longer stage 2 sleep (r(20) = 0.788, pfdr < .001) and stage 2 fast spindle number at O1 (r(18) = 0.692, pfdr = .015). CONCLUSIONS Sleep gain, particularly stage 2 sleep and related physiology, potentially enhances inhibitory control ability responding to emotional information among individuals with depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Yuet Ying Lau
- From the Department of Psychology (E. Lau, Lam), Centre for Psychosocial Health (E. Lau, Lam), and Centre for Religious and Spirituality Education (E. Lau), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology (Wong), University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom; Clinical Psychological Services (K. Lau), Hong Kong Children & Youth Services; Department of Psychiatry (Chung, E. Lau), Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Departments of Psychiatry (Rusak) and Psychology and Neuroscience (Rusak), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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10
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Gillies JCP, Dozois DJA. How long do mood induction procedure (MIP) primes really last? Implications for cognitive vulnerability research. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:328-336. [PMID: 34139405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood Induction Procedures (MIPs) are used widely in research on cognitive vulnerability to depression. Although empirical evidence supports certain MIPs as effective, little research has evaluated whether MIP-induced sad moods are sufficiently persistent. This study aimed to determine (1) how long an MIP-induced mood lasts according to commonly used operational definitions and (2) whether these findings vary according to the type of MIP used. METHODS Four-hundred-and-one undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of three commonly used sad MIPs (music, memory, music+memory) or to one of three matched neutral MIPs. Mood was repeatedly measured immediately prior to and following the MIP. RESULTS Results did not support the widely held belief that commonly used MIPs induce a sufficient and persistent sad mood. The memory-related MIPs induced the most persistent sad mood. Based on the majority of operational definitions, however, induced mood effects did not last longer than 4 min, regardless of MIP type. LIMITATIONS Future studies should examine additional factors that may have affected the trajectories observed in the current study (e.g., task completed in between mood measurements) and in vulnerable (e.g., past-depressed) populations. CONCLUSIONS This study constitutes an important first step in validating the use of MIPs in cognitive vulnerability research and provides researchers with important information on future study designs. More important, the study raises doubt about the validity of various conclusions drawn from some MIP studies and calls into question the theoretical conceptualizations of depression that are based on potentially biased results and a possibly incomplete literature.
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11
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Li Y, Ru T, Chen Q, Qian L, Luo X, Zhou G. Effects of illuminance and correlated color temperature of indoor light on emotion perception. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14351. [PMID: 34253773 PMCID: PMC8275593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute non-image forming (NIF) effects of daytime light on momentary mood had been-although not always-established in the current literature. It still remains largely unknown whether short-time light exposure would modulate emotion perception in healthy adults. The current study (N = 48) was conducted to explore the effects of illuminance (100 lx vs. 1000 lx at eye level) and correlated color temperature (CCT, 2700 K vs. 6500 K) on explicit and implicit emotion perception that was assessed with emotional face judgment task and emotional oddball task respectively. Results showed that lower CCT significantly decreased negative response bias in the face judgment task, with labeling ambiguous faces less fearful under 2700 K vs. 6500 K condition. Moreover, participants responded slightly faster for emotional pictures under 6500 K vs. 2700 K condition, but no significant effect of illuminance or CCT on negativity bias was revealed in the emotional oddball task. These findings highlighted the differential role of illuminance and CCT in regulating instant emotion perception and suggested a task-dependent moderation of light spectrum on negativity bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qingwei Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liu Qian
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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12
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Hsu KJ, Shumake J, Caffey K, Risom S, Labrada J, Smits JAJ, Schnyer DM, Beevers CG. Efficacy of attention bias modification training for depressed adults: a randomized clinical trial. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33766151 PMCID: PMC8464627 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the efficacy of attention bias modification training (ABMT) for the treatment of depression. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 145 adults (77% female, 62% white) with at least moderate depression severity [i.e. self-reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR) ⩾13] and a negative attention bias were randomized to active ABMT, sham ABMT, or assessments only. The training consisted of two in-clinic and three (brief) at-home ABMT sessions per week for 4 weeks (2224 training trials total). The pre-registered primary outcome was change in QIDS-SR. Secondary outcomes were the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) and anhedonic depression and anxious arousal from the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ). Primary and secondary outcomes were administered at baseline and four weekly assessments during ABMT. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that, relative to assessment-only, active ABMT significantly reduced QIDS-SR and HRSD scores by an additional 0.62 ± 0.23 (p = 0.008, d = -0.57) and 0.74 ± 0.31 (p = 0.021, d = -0.49) points per week. Similar results were observed for active v. sham ABMT: a greater symptom reduction of 0.44 ± 0.24 QIDS-SR (p = 0.067, d = -0.41) and 0.69 ± 0.32 HRSD (p = 0.033, d = -0.42) points per week. Sham ABMT did not significantly differ from the assessment-only condition. No significant differences were observed for the MASQ scales. CONCLUSION Depressed individuals with at least modest negative attentional bias benefitted from active ABMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean J. Hsu
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jason Shumake
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kayla Caffey
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Semeon Risom
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn Labrada
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasper A. J. Smits
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David M. Schnyer
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christopher G. Beevers
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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13
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Wang X, Blain SD, Meng J, Liu Y, Qiu J. Variability in emotion regulation strategy use is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Cogn Emot 2020; 35:324-340. [PMID: 33150844 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1840337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Variability in the emotion regulation (ER) strategies one uses throughout daily life has been suggested to reflect adaptive ER ability and to act as a protective factor in mental health. Moreover, psychological inflexibility and persistent negative affect (or affective inertia) are key features of depression and other forms of mental illness and are often further exacerbated by rigid or overly passive regulatory behaviours. The current study investigated the hypothesis that ER variability might serve as a protective factor against depressive symptoms and affective inertia. Using experience-sampling (N = 213), we tested whether two indictors of ER variability (between- and within-strategy SDs) were related to depressive symptoms and affective inertia. We found that people with higher between-strategy variability and within-strategy variability (specifically for reappraisal and distraction) reported fewer depressive symptoms. Both within- and between-strategy variability were negatively related to negative affective inertia. Between-strategy variability and negative affective inertia had unique effects on depression, when used as simultaneous predictors. Altogether, this study provides further evidence for the utility of ER as a factor buffering against depressive symptoms and particularly for the use of variable ER strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Scott D Blain
- Psychology Department, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MI, USA
| | - Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Gong J, Wang J, Qiu S, Chen P, Luo Z, Wang J, Huang L, Wang Y. Common and distinct patterns of intrinsic brain activity alterations in major depression and bipolar disorder: voxel-based meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:353. [PMID: 33077728 PMCID: PMC7573621 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of intrinsic brain activity differences and similarities between major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is necessary. However, results have not yet yielded consistent conclusions. A meta-analysis of whole-brain resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies that explored differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) between patients (including MDD and BD) and healthy controls (HCs) was conducted using seed-based d mapping software. Systematic literature search identified 50 studies comparing 1399 MDD patients and 1332 HCs, and 15 studies comparing 494 BD patients and 593 HCs. MDD patients displayed increased ALFF in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (including the medial orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC], anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]), bilateral insula extending into the striatum and left supramarginal gyrus and decreased ALFF in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral precuneus, and left occipital cortex compared with HCs. BD showed increased ALFF in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula extending into the striatum, right SFG, and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and decreased ALFF in the bilateral precuneus, left cerebellum (extending to the occipital cortex), left ACC, and left STG. In addition, MDD displayed increased ALFF in the left lingual gyrus, left ACC, bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus, and left STG and decreased ALFF in the right insula, right mPFC, right fusiform gyrus, and bilateral striatum relative to BD patients. Conjunction analysis showed increased ALFF in the bilateral insula, mPFC, and decreased ALFF in the left cerebellum in both disorders. Our comprehensive meta-analysis suggests that MDD and BD show a common pattern of aberrant regional intrinsic brain activity which predominantly includes the insula, mPFC, and cerebellum, while the limbic system and occipital cortex may be associated with spatially distinct patterns of brain function, which provide useful insights for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of brain dysfunction in affective disorders, and developing more targeted and efficacious treatment and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Gong
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China ,grid.488525.6Department of Radiology, Six Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Junjing Wang
- grid.440718.e0000 0001 2301 6433Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Shaojuan Qiu
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Pan Chen
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Zhenye Luo
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Jurong Wang
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Li Huang
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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15
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Keller AS, Ball TM, Williams LM. Deep phenotyping of attention impairments and the 'Inattention Biotype' in Major Depressive Disorder. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2203-2212. [PMID: 31477195 PMCID: PMC8022888 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention impairment is an under-investigated feature and diagnostic criterion of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) that is associated with poorer outcomes. Despite increasing knowledge regarding mechanisms of attention in healthy adults, we lack a detailed characterization of attention impairments and their neural signatures in MDD. METHODS Here, we focus on selective attention and advance a deep multi-modal characterization of these impairments in MDD, using data acquired from n = 1008 patients and n = 336 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Selective attention impairments were operationalized and anchored in a behavioral performance measure, assessed within a battery of cognitive tests. We sought to establish the accompanying neural signature using independent measures of functional magnetic resonance imaging (15% of the sample) and electroencephalographic recordings of oscillatory neural activity. RESULTS Greater impairment on the behavioral measure of selective attention was associated with intrinsic hypo-connectivity of the fronto-parietal attention network. Not only was this relationship specific to the fronto-parietal network unlike other large-scale networks; this hypo-connectivity was also specific to selective attention performance unlike other measures of cognition. Selective attention impairment was also associated with lower posterior alpha (8-13 Hz) power at rest and was related to more severe negative bias (frequent misidentifications of neutral faces as sad and lingering attention on sad faces), relevant to clinical features of negative attributions and brooding. Selective attention impairments were independent of overall depression severity and of worrying or sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a foundation for the clinical translational development of objective markers and targeted therapeutics for attention impairment in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Keller
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tali M Ball
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- MIRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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16
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Memory distortion for orthographically associated words in individuals with depressive symptoms. Cognition 2020; 203:104330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Masuyama A, Mochizuki S. Induced sad mood affects context processing in cognitive control in mildly depressive undergraduates. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Doorley JD, Goodman FR, Disabato DJ, Kashdan TB, Weinstein JS, Shackman AJ. The momentary benefits of positive events for individuals with elevated social anxiety. Emotion 2020; 21:595-606. [PMID: 31944786 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how individuals with varying levels of social anxiety respond to daily positive events is important. Psychological processes that increase positive emotions are being widely used as strategies to not only enhance well-being but also reduce the symptoms and impairment tied to negative emotional dispositions and conditions, including excessive social anxiety. At present, it is unclear whether and how levels of social anxiety impact the psychological benefits derived from momentary positive events. We used ecological momentary assessment to examine the impact of trait social anxiety on momentary changes in emotions, sense of belonging, and social approach versus avoidance motivation following positive events in daily life. Over the course of a week, people with elevated social anxiety experienced greater momentary anxiety and social avoidance motivation and lower momentary happiness and sense of belonging on average. Despite these impairments, individuals with elevated social anxiety experienced greater psychological benefits-in the form of reduced anxiety and motivation to avoid social situations, and an increased sense of belonging-following positive events during the past hour that were rated as particularly intense. This pattern of findings was not specific to social anxiety, with evidence of similar effects for other forms of internalizing psychopathology (general anxiety and depression). These observations detail circumstances in which individuals with social anxiety, and other emotional disturbances, can thrive-creating potentially important targets for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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19
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Hilland E, Landrø NI, Harmer CJ, Browning M, Maglanoc LA, Jonassen R. Attentional bias modification is associated with fMRI response toward negative stimuli in individuals with residual depression: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:23-33. [PMID: 31397551 PMCID: PMC6919922 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional bias modification (ABM) may lead to more adaptive emotion perception and emotion regulation. Understanding the neural basis of these effects may lead to greater precision for the development of future treatments. Task-related functional MRI (fMRI) after ABM training has not been investigated in depression so far. The main aim of this randomized controlled trial was to explore differences in brain activity after ABM training, in response to emotional stimuli. METHODS A total of 134 people with previous depression, who had been treated for depression and had various degrees of residual symptoms, were randomized to 14 days of active ABM or a closely matched placebo training, followed by an fMRI emotion regulation task. The training procedure was a classical dot–probe task with emotional face stimuli. In the active ABM condition, the probes replaced the more positively valenced face of a given pair. As participants implicitly learned to predict the probe location, this would be likely to induce a more positive attentional bias. The placebo condition was identical, except for the contingency of the probe, which appeared equally behind positive and negative stimuli. We compared depression symptoms and subjective ratings of perceived negativity during fMRI between the training groups. We explored brain activation in predefined regions of interest and across the whole brain. We explored activation in areas associated with changes in attentional bias and degree of depression. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group, the ABM group showed reduced activation in the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex when passively viewing negative images. We found no group differences in predefined regions of interest associated with emotion regulation strategies. Response in the temporal cortices was associated with the degree of change in attentional bias and the degree of depressive symptoms in ABM versus placebo. LIMITATIONS These findings should be replicated in other samples of patients with depression, and in studies using fMRI designs that allow analyses of within-group variability from baseline to follow-up. CONCLUSION Attentional bias modification training has an effect on brain function in the circuitry associated with emotional appraisal and the generation of affective states. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02931487
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hilland
- From the Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø, Harmer, Maglanoc, Jonassen); the Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø); the Psychopharmacology and Emotional Research Lab, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Harmer); the Computational Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (Maglanoc); and the Division of Psychiatry, Akerhus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Jonassen)
| | - Nils I. Landrø
- From the Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø, Harmer, Maglanoc, Jonassen); the Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø); the Psychopharmacology and Emotional Research Lab, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Harmer); the Computational Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (Maglanoc); and the Division of Psychiatry, Akerhus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Jonassen)
| | - Catherine J. Harmer
- From the Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø, Harmer, Maglanoc, Jonassen); the Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø); the Psychopharmacology and Emotional Research Lab, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Harmer); the Computational Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (Maglanoc); and the Division of Psychiatry, Akerhus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Jonassen)
| | - Michael Browning
- From the Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø, Harmer, Maglanoc, Jonassen); the Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø); the Psychopharmacology and Emotional Research Lab, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Harmer); the Computational Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (Maglanoc); and the Division of Psychiatry, Akerhus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Jonassen)
| | - Luigi A. Maglanoc
- From the Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø, Harmer, Maglanoc, Jonassen); the Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø); the Psychopharmacology and Emotional Research Lab, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Harmer); the Computational Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (Maglanoc); and the Division of Psychiatry, Akerhus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Jonassen)
| | - Rune Jonassen
- From the Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø, Harmer, Maglanoc, Jonassen); the Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Hilland, Landrø); the Psychopharmacology and Emotional Research Lab, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Harmer); the Computational Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (Browning); the NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (Maglanoc); and the Division of Psychiatry, Akerhus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Jonassen)
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20
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Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions: From perception, learning, and memory to social cognition, individual differences, and training interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:559-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Renna ME, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. Emotion Regulation Therapy and Its Potential Role in the Treatment of Chronic Stress-Related Pathology Across Disorders. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2020; 4:2470547020905787. [PMID: 32440604 PMCID: PMC7219947 DOI: 10.1177/2470547020905787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although stress is an inevitable part of everyday life, its chronicity, severity, and perceived burden can result in enduring distress, which may manifest as heightened emotionality, contributing to a number of self-regulatory failures. Specifically, distress disorders are characterized, in part, by heightened sensitivity to underlying motivational systems related to threat/safety, reward/loss, or both. Further, individuals suffering from these conditions typically engage in perseverate negative thinking (e.g., worry, rumination, self-criticism) in an effort to manage motivationally relevant distress and often utilize these processes at the detriment of engaging in new contextual learning. Distress disorders are often brought on by enduring chronic stress, coupled with these maladaptive emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses and ensuing impairment which contribute to and in turn worsen the deficits from these purported mechanisms. Emotion regulation therapy is a theoretically derived treatment that is based upon affective science to offer a blueprint for improving intervention by focusing on targeting the motivational responses and corresponding regulatory failures of individuals with distress disorders. Open and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated considerable preliminary evidence for the utility of emotion regulation therapy and its proposed mechanisms in treating the distress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Renna
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David M. Fresco
- Department of Psychiatry & Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Douglas S. Mennin
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Keller AS, Leikauf JE, Holt-Gosselin B, Staveland BR, Williams LM. Paying attention to attention in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:279. [PMID: 31699968 PMCID: PMC6838308 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention is the gate through which sensory information enters our conscious experiences. Oftentimes, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) complain of concentration difficulties that negatively impact their day-to-day function, and these attention problems are not alleviated by current first-line treatments. In spite of attention's influence on many aspects of cognitive and emotional functioning, and the inclusion of concentration difficulties in the diagnostic criteria for MDD, the focus of depression as a disease is typically on mood features, with attentional features considered less of an imperative for investigation. Here, we summarize the breadth and depth of findings from the cognitive neurosciences regarding the neural mechanisms supporting goal-directed attention in order to better understand how these might go awry in depression. First, we characterize behavioral impairments in selective, sustained, and divided attention in depressed individuals. We then discuss interactions between goal-directed attention and other aspects of cognition (cognitive control, perception, and decision-making) and emotional functioning (negative biases, internally-focused attention, and interactions of mood and attention). We then review evidence for neurobiological mechanisms supporting attention, including the organization of large-scale neural networks and electrophysiological synchrony. Finally, we discuss the failure of current first-line treatments to alleviate attention impairments in MDD and review evidence for more targeted pharmacological, brain stimulation, and behavioral interventions. By synthesizing findings across disciplines and delineating avenues for future research, we aim to provide a clearer outline of how attention impairments may arise in the context of MDD and how, mechanistically, they may negatively impact daily functioning across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Keller
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John E Leikauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bailey Holt-Gosselin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brooke R Staveland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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23
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Wang J, Xiao Q, Ding J, Zhou Y, Wei P, Xiao J. Irrelevant emotional distractor faces and attentional capture by individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2019.1675089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglu Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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24
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Fresco DM, Mennin DS. All together now: utilizing common functional change principles to unify cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 28:65-70. [PMID: 30502664 PMCID: PMC6491260 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have made important contributions to resolving the global burden of mental illness. However, response rates are comparatively more modest for the distress disorders. Newer CBTs enriched with MBI components have emerged with promising findings for distress disorders but with a high degree of heterogeneity and, subsequently, an unclear path for determining the unique and synergistic contributions from CBTs and MBIs. We propose that one way to elucidate and improve upon this union is to identify common overarching principles (i.e. attention change; metacognitive change) that guide both approaches and to refine therapeutic processes to optimally reflect these common targets and their interplay (e.g. sequencing and dosing).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Fresco
- Kent State University, Case Western Reserve University, United States.
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25
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Papousek I, Lackner HK, Weber B, Perchtold CM, Fink A, Weiss EM. Poor control of interference from negative content hampers the effectiveness of humour as a source of positive emotional experiences. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8023. [PMID: 31142806 PMCID: PMC6541656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-based ability to direct attention away from interfering negative information may co-determine to which degree one may benefit from humour as a source of positive emotional experiences. This should be particularly relevant when it comes to humour that implicates a target the joke makes fun of, which inherently entails rivalry between positive and negative emotional representations. One hundred healthy individuals completed a pictorial negative affective priming task and a nonverbal humour processing task. In line with the notion that during the elaborative processing of malicious jokes, interference from negative emotional representations hampers the experience of amusement, participants took more time to judge their amusement evoked by malicious compared to benign jokes. Lesser ability to distract attention from interfering negative emotional representations was associated with slower judgements of amusement following the processing of malicious jokes, as well as with lower amusement ratings. The time it took participants to comprehend the punch-lines was not affected, neither was the immediate, short-lived pleasure after having comprehended the humour, measured by characteristic transient cardiac activation. The findings suggest that the effective use of humour as a source of positive emotional experiences requires the ability to overcome the dark side of typical humour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Papousek
- Section of Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Helmut K Lackner
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Weber
- Section of Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Corinna M Perchtold
- Section of Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Fink
- Section of Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth M Weiss
- Section of Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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26
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Elgersma HJ, Koster EHW, Vugteveen J, Hoekzema A, Penninx BWJH, Bockting CLH, de Jong PJ. Predictive value of attentional bias for the recurrence of depression: A 4-year prospective study in remitted depressed individuals. Behav Res Ther 2019; 114:25-34. [PMID: 30665123 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research showed that individuals who were remitted from a depressive disorder displayed heightened attention towards negative adjectives (e.g., worthless). We tested if this attentional bias (AB) is predictive of future recurrence of depressive episodes and/or having depressive symptoms at 2- and 4-year follow-up. We used a longitudinal approach within the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) and selected participants who were remitted from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (n = 918). AB was measured with a verbal Exogenous Cueing Task; using 2 presentation times (500 and 1250 ms) and 3 stimulus types (negative, positive, neutral). Over 4 years, we prospectively assessed recurrence of depressive episodes and depressive symptomatology after participants completed the ECT. Diagnosis of depressive disorder was measured with clinical rating-scales and self-report questionnaires. A heightened probability of recurrence was neither associated with (heightened) AB for negative nor with (lowered) AB for positive adjectives. Thus, the findings do not support the view that an AB toward negative stimuli or away from positive stimuli plays a critical role in the recurrence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermien J Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorien Vugteveen
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hoekzema
- Department of Research Support, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J de Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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27
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Grossheinrich N, Firk C, Schulte-Rüther M, von Leupoldt A, Konrad K, Huestegge L. Looking While Unhappy: A Mood-Congruent Attention Bias Toward Sad Adult Faces in Children. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2577. [PMID: 30618993 PMCID: PMC6312126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A negative mood-congruent attention bias has been consistently observed, for example, in clinical studies on major depression. This bias is assumed to be dysfunctional in that it supports maintaining a sad mood, whereas a potentially adaptive role has largely been neglected. Previous experiments involving sad mood induction techniques found a negative mood-congruent attention bias specifically for young individuals, explained by an adaptive need for information transfer in the service of mood regulation. In the present study we investigated the attentional bias in typically developing children (aged 6–12 years) when happy and sad moods were induced. Crucially, we manipulated the age (adult vs. child) of the displayed pairs of facial expressions depicting sadness, anger, fear and happiness. The results indicate that sad children indeed exhibited a mood specific attention bias toward sad facial expressions. Additionally, this bias was more pronounced for adult faces. Results are discussed in the context of an information gain which should be stronger when looking at adult faces due to their more expansive life experience. These findings bear implications for both research methods and future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Grossheinrich
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Neurophysiological Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Social Psychiatry, Catholic University of Applied Sciences of North Rhine - Westphalia, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Firk
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Schulte-Rüther
- Translational Brain Medicine in Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JARA Brain Translational Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Brain Institute II Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lynn Huestegge
- Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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28
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Hsu KJ, Caffey K, Pisner D, Shumake J, Risom S, Ray KL, Smits JAJ, Schnyer DM, Beevers CG. Attentional bias modification treatment for depression: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 75:59-66. [PMID: 30416089 PMCID: PMC6431548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical models and empirical research point to negatively biased attention as a maintaining factor in depression. Although preliminary studies suggest experimentally modifying attentional biases (i.e., attentional bias modification; ABM) reduces depression symptoms and depression risk, relatively few rigorous studies with clinical samples have been completed. This clinical trial examines the impact of ABM on a sample of adults (N = 123) with elevated depression severity who also exhibit at least modest levels of negatively biased attention prior to treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to either active ABM, placebo ABM, or an assessment-only control condition. Individuals assigned to ABM will complete 5 trainings per week (2 in-clinic, 3 brief trainings at-home) during a four-week period. Throughout this four-week period, participants will complete weekly assessments of symptom severity and putative treatment mediators measured across different levels of analysis (e.g., eye tracking, behavioral measures, and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging). This article details the rationale and design of the clinical trial, including methodological issues that required more extensive consideration. Our findings may not only point to an easily-accessible, efficacious treatment for depression but may also provide a meaningful test of whether a theoretically important construct, negatively biased attention, maintains depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean J Hsu
- University of Texas at Austin, USA; McLean Hospital, USA.
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29
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Teng C, Zhou J, Ma H, Tan Y, Wu X, Guan C, Qiao H, Li J, Zhong Y, Wang C, Zhang N. Abnormal resting state activity of left middle occipital gyrus and its functional connectivity in female patients with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:370. [PMID: 30477561 PMCID: PMC6258168 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are more susceptible to major depressive disorder (MDD). A possible explanation is that women have a trait tendency to engage in a ruminative response style. Depending on cognitive model of depression, attention bias, memory bias and self-referential bias were closely related among depressed patients. Previous studies have explored the neural mechanism of the cognitive biases by using amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) or functional connectivity (FC), and few combined these two metrics, especially focusing on female patients. METHODS We assessed 25 female patients diagnosed with MDD and 13 well matched healthy controls (HCs) using Rs-fMRI. Two metrics ALFF and FC based on abnormal ALFF were explored and made comparisons. RESULTS Compared with HCs, female patients with MDD showed that one cluster with significantly decreased ALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus(L-MOG). Furtherly we founded depressed female subjects showed significantly lower FC between the L-MOG seed and left orbitofrontal cortex, and significantly higher FC between the L-MOG seed and left medial prefrontal gyrus and left hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed L-MOG may act as a connection, which involved in the processing of cognitive biases of MDD by connected with limbic-cortical regions in resting state. These findings may enhance the understanding of the neurobiological mechanism in female patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Teng
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Nanjing PuKou Central Hospital, Nanjing, 211800 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ma
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yarong Tan
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Guan
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifen Qiao
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jijun Li
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- 0000 0001 0089 5711grid.260474.3School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- 0000 0004 1798 8369grid.452645.4Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 People’s Republic of China
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30
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Elgersma HJ, Koster EHW, van Tuijl LA, Hoekzema A, Penninx BWJH, Bockting CLH, de Jong PJ. Attentional bias for negative, positive, and threat words in current and remitted depression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205154. [PMID: 30379840 PMCID: PMC6209165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in the maintenance of depression. We examined attentional bias (AB) for negative and positive adjectives and general threat words in strictly-defined clinical groups of participants with pure Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) without a history of anxiety disorders (AD), mixed MDD and AD, and remitted participants. Method We investigated both stimulus specificity and time course of AB in these groups, adopting a cross-sectional design. Data were drawn from the large scale Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), from which we selected all participants with pure current MDD without a history of AD (n = 29), all participants with current MDD and co-morbid AD(s) (n = 86), all remitted MDD participants (n = 294), and a comparison group without (a history of) MDD or ADs (n = 474). AB was measured with an Exogenous Cueing Task covering short and long presentation times (500 and 1250 ms) and 4 stimulus types (negative, positive, threat, neutral). Results Both traditional and trial level (dynamic) AB scores failed to show an AB for negative adjectives in participants with MDD or mixed MDD/AD. Specifically for long duration trials (1250 ms), remitted participants showed a larger AB traditional score (albeit the actual score still being negative) than the comparison group. The mixed MDD/AD group showed a higher trial-level AB score away from positive adjectives (1250 ms) than the comparisons. In addition, the mixed MDD/AD group showed higher and more variable trial-level AB scores away from short and towards longer presented general threat words together with a non-significant tendency to show less negative traditional AB scores for threat trials (500 ms) than the comparison group. Conclusions All in all, the findings do not corroborate the view that an AB towards negative or away from positive adjectives is critically involved in currently depressed individuals. Yet, the relatively high (less negative) AB score for negative adjectives in remitted individuals points to the possibility that an AB for negative information may be involved as a risk factor in the recurrence of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermien J Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lonneke A van Tuijl
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Hoekzema
- Department of Research Support, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J de Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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31
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Li X, Li J, Hu B, Zhu J, Zhang X, Wei L, Zhong N, Li M, Ding Z, Yang J, Zhang L. Attentional bias in MDD: ERP components analysis and classification using a dot-probe task. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 164:169-179. [PMID: 30195425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Strands of evidence have supported existence of negative attentional bias in patients with depression. This study aimed to assess the behavioral and electrophysiological signatures of attentional bias in major depressive disorder (MDD) and explore whether ERP components contain valuable information for discriminating between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Electroencephalography data were collected from 17 patients with MDD and 17 HCs in a dot-probe task, with emotional-neutral pairs as experimental materials. Fourteen features related to ERP waveform shape were generated. Then, Correlated Feature Selection (CFS), ReliefF and GainRatio (GR) were applied for feature selection. For discriminating between MDDs and HCs, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), C4.5, Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) and Logistic Regression (LR) were used. RESULTS Behaviorally, MDD patients showed significantly shorter reaction time (RT) to valid than invalid sad trials, with significantly higher bias score for sad-neutral pairs. Analysis of split-half reliability in RT indices indicated a strong reliability in RT, while coefficients of RT bias scores neared zero. These behavioral effects were supported by ERP results. MDD patients had higher P300 amplitude with the probe replacing a sad face than a neutral face, indicating difficult attention disengagement from negative emotional faces. Meanwhile, data mining analysis based on ERP components suggested that CFS was the best feature selection algorithm. Especially for the P300 induced by valid sad trials, the classification accuracy of CFS combination with any classifier was above 85%, and the KNN (k = 3) classifier achieved the highest accuracy (94%). CONCLUSIONS MDD patients show difficulty in attention disengagement from negative stimuli, reflected by P300. The CFS over other methods leads to a good overall performance in most cases, especially when KNN classifier is used for P300 component classification, illustrating that ERP component may be applied as a tool for auxiliary diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Jianxiu Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liuqing Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Mi Li
- International WIC Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhijie Ding
- The Third People's Hospital of Tianshui City, Tianshui, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Child Psychology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Child Psychology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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32
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Phillips WJ, Hine DW, Marks ADG. Self-compassion moderates the predictive effects of implicit cognitions on subjective well-being. Stress Health 2018; 34:143-151. [PMID: 28685971 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether self-compassion may regulate the effects of implicit cognitions (automatic and preconscious responses) on the subjective well-being of Australian adults (N = 132). As hypothesized, self-compassion moderated the predictive effects of 2 implicit cognitions (positive attention bias and implicit self-esteem) on 2 indicators of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and depressive symptoms). Low implicit self-esteem and weak positive attention bias predicted more depressive symptoms and lower life satisfaction only for participants who were low in self-compassion. These results extend previous research knowledge by indicating that self-compassion may not only buffer the impact of explicit (deliberate and conscious) cognitive processes on well-being but may also regulate the effects of preconscious cognitive processes on mental health outcomes. Theoretical and treatment implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Phillips
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Donald W Hine
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D G Marks
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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33
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Peters SE, Lumsden J, Peh OH, Penton-Voak IS, Munafò MR, Robinson OJ. Cognitive bias modification for facial interpretation: a randomized controlled trial of transfer to self-report and cognitive measures in a healthy sample. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170681. [PMID: 29308221 PMCID: PMC5749989 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive bias modification is a potential low-intensity intervention for mood disorders, but previous studies have shown mixed success. This study explored whether facial interpretation bias modification (FIBM), a similar paradigm designed to shift emotional interpretation (and/or perception) of faces would transfer to: (i) self-reported symptoms and (ii) a battery of cognitive tasks. In a preregistered, double-blind randomized controlled trial, healthy participants received eight online sessions of FIBM (N = 52) or eight sham sessions (N = 52). While we replicate that FIBM successfully shifts ambiguous facial expression interpretation in the intervention group, this failed to transfer to the majority of self-report or cognitive measures. There was, however, weak, inconclusive evidence of transfer to a self-report measure of stress, a cognitive measure of anhedonia, and evidence that results were moderated by trait anxiety (whereby transference was greatest in those with higher baseline symptoms). We discuss the need for work in both larger and clinical samples, while urging caution that these FIBM training effects may not transfer to clinically relevant domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Peters
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Lumsden
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - O. H. Peh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - I. S. Penton-Voak
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M. R. Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - O. J. Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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34
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Høifødt RS, Nordahl D, Pfuhl G, Landsem IP, Thimm JC, Ilstad LKK, Wang CEA. Protocol for the Northern babies longitudinal study: predicting postpartum depression and improving parent-infant interaction with The Newborn Behavioral Observation. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016005. [PMID: 28963284 PMCID: PMC5623488 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent disorder. Studying the factors related to PPD will help to identify families at risk and provide preventive interventions. This can in turn improve the developmental trajectories for the children. Several previous studies have investigated risk factors for PPD. However, few studies have focused on cognitive vulnerability factors. The first aim of the present study is to explore a range of protective and risk factors, including cognitive factors, for PPD, parent-infant interactions and child development. The second aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) as a universal preventive intervention delivered in routine practice. The NBO is a brief relationship-enhancing intervention that may reduce depressive symptomatology in mothers. METHODS The study is a longitudinal observational study with an intervention. The observational study uses a prospective cohort design, whereas the intervention study has a non-randomised cluster-controlled design comparing a group receiving NBO with a group receiving standard care. The intervention group will receive three NBO sessions within the first 4 weeks postdelivery. Between 2015 and 2018, approximately 200 families will be recruited in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway. Parents are recruited during pregnancy, and assessments will be performed during gestational weeks 16-22, 24-30 and 31, and at 6 weeks, 4 months and 6 months postdelivery. Predictor variables include several cognitive vulnerability factors including early maladaptive schemas, implicit attitudes and cognitive processing of emotionally valenced infant facial information. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics in Northern Norway has approved the project. The research team has collaboration with local health services and can assist participants who need more extensive follow-up. Results from the project will be disseminated in international and national peer-reviewed journals, and at courses and conferences. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02538497; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Sørensen Høifødt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dag Nordahl
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gerit Pfuhl
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inger Pauline Landsem
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jens C Thimm
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linn Kathrin K Ilstad
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Distress Intolerance Moderation of Attention to Emotion: An Eye-Tracking Study. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Renna ME, Quintero JM, Fresco DM, Mennin DS. Emotion Regulation Therapy: A Mechanism-Targeted Treatment for Disorders of Distress. Front Psychol 2017; 8:98. [PMID: 28220089 PMCID: PMC5292405 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Distress disorders," which include generalized anxiety disorder and major depression are often highly comorbid with each other and appear to be characterized by common temperamental features that reflect heightened sensitivity to underlying motivational systems related to threat/safety and reward/loss. Further, individuals with distress disorders tend to utilize self-referential processes (e.g., worry, rumination, self-criticism) in a maladaptive attempt to respond to motivationally relevant distress, often resulting in suboptimal contextual learning. Despite the success of cognitive behavioral therapies for emotional disorders, a sizable subgroup of patients with distress disorders fail to evidence adequate treatment response. Emotion Regulation Therapy (ERT) is a theoretically derived, evidence based, treatment that integrates principles (e.g., skills training, exposure) from traditional and contemporary therapies with findings from basic and translational affective science to offer a framework for improving intervention by focusing on the motivational responses and corresponding regulatory characteristics of individuals with high levels of chronic distress. Open and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated preliminary support for the utility of ERT as reflected by strong effect sizes comparable to and exceeding established intervention approaches. In addition, pilot findings support the role of underlying proposed mechanisms in this efficacious response. This article presents the functional model associated with ERT and describes the proposed mechanisms of the treatment. Additionally, a clinical case is presented, allowing the reader to gain a greater applied understanding of the different components of the ERT model and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Renna
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New YorkNY, USA
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New YorkNY, USA
| | - Jean M. Quintero
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New YorkNY, USA
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New YorkNY, USA
| | - David M. Fresco
- Psychology Department, Kent State University, KentOH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, ClevelandOH, USA
| | - Douglas S. Mennin
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New YorkNY, USA
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New YorkNY, USA
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Beevers CG, Clasen PC, Enock PM, Schnyer DM. Attention bias modification for major depressive disorder: Effects on attention bias, resting state connectivity, and symptom change. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 124:463-75. [PMID: 25894440 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive theories of depression posit that selective attention for negative information contributes to the maintenance of depression. The current study experimentally tested this idea by randomly assigning adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) to 4 weeks of computer-based attention bias modification designed to reduce negative attention bias or 4 weeks of placebo attention training. Findings indicate that compared to placebo training, attention bias modification reduced negative attention bias and increased resting-state connectivity within a neural circuit (i.e., middle frontal gyrus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) that supports control over emotional information. Further, pre- to post-training change in negative attention bias was significantly correlated with depression symptom change only in the active training condition. Exploratory analyses indicated that pre- to post-training changes in resting state connectivity within a circuit associated with sustained attention to visual information (i.e., precuenus and middle frontal gyrus) contributed to symptom improvement in the placebo condition. Importantly, depression symptoms did not change differentially between the training groups-overall, a 40% decrease in symptoms was observed across attention training conditions. Findings suggest that negative attention bias is associated with the maintenance of depression; however, deficits in general attentional control may also maintain depression symptoms, as evidenced by resting state connectivity and depression symptom improvement in the placebo training condition.
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38
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Joormann J, Stanton CH. Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future directions. Behav Res Ther 2016; 86:35-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gibb BE, Pollak SD, Hajcak G, Owens M. Attentional biases in children of depressed mothers: An event-related potential (ERP) study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:1166-1178. [PMID: 27684964 PMCID: PMC5099102 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have reported that children of depressed, compared to nondepressed, parents exhibit biased attention to sad facial stimuli, the direction of this bias remains unclear; some studies find evidence of preferential attention toward sad faces whereas others find evidence of attention avoidance. In the current study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to assess children's attention to emotional stimuli using a spatial cueing task. Across all indices of attention bias (N2pc and sustained posterior contralateral negativity [SPCN] time locked to face onset, P3b time locked to probe onset, reaction times [RTs] to probes), children of mothers with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) during the child's life exhibited less attention to sad faces than children of never depressed mothers. For two of these indices (SPCN and RTs), the attention biases for the offspring of depressed mothers was not specific to sadness and was observed for all emotional expressions. Group differences in the ERP indices were maintained when controlling for the influence of mothers' and children's current symptoms of depression and anxiety, mothers' history of anxiety disorders, and children's history of MDD and anxiety disorders, suggesting that the results are specific to mothers' history of MDD. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Max Owens
- University of South Florida St. Petersburg
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40
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Disner SG, Shumake JD, Beevers CG. Self-referential schemas and attentional bias predict severity and naturalistic course of depression symptoms. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:632-644. [PMID: 26901406 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1146123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attentional bias and self-referential schemas have been observed in numerous cross-sectional studies of depressed adults and are theorised to maintain negative mood. However, few longitudinal studies have examined whether maladaptive cognition predicts the course of depressive symptoms. Fifty-seven adults with elevated depression symptoms were assessed for negative attentional bias using a dot-probe task with eye-tracking and self-referential schemas using a self-referent encoding task. Participants subsequently completed five weekly depression symptom assessments. Participants with more negative self-referential schemas had higher baseline depression symptoms (r = .55). However, participants who spent more time attending to negative words showed greater symptom worsening over time (r = .42). The findings for negative self-referential schemas replicate past research, while the findings for negative attention bias represent the first evidence showing that attentional biases predict naturalistic symptom course. This work suggests that negative attention biases maintain depression symptoms and represent an important treatment target for neurocognitive therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth G Disner
- a Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Jason D Shumake
- a Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- a Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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41
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Everaert J, Grahek I, Koster EH. Individual differences in cognitive control over emotional material modulate cognitive biases linked to depressive symptoms. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:736-746. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1144562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Everaert
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ivan Grahek
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ernst H.W. Koster
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Mastikhina L, Dobson K. Biased attention retraining in dysphoria: a failure to replicate. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:625-631. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2015.1136270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liza Mastikhina
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith Dobson
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Başgöze Z, Gönül AS, Baskak B, Gökçay D. Valence-based Word-Face Stroop task reveals differential emotional interference in patients with major depression. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:960-7. [PMID: 26272019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Word-Face Stroop task creates emotional conflict between affective words and affective faces. In this task, healthy participants consistently slow down while responding to incongruent cases. Such interference related slowdown is associated with recruitment of inhibitory processes to eliminate task-irrelevant information. We created a valence-based Word-Face Stroop task, in which participants were asked to indicate whether the words in the foreground are positive, negative or neutral. Healthy participants were faster and more accurate than un-medicated patients with major depression disorder (MDD). In addition, a significant congruence by group interaction is observed: healthy participants slowed down for incongruent cases, but MDD patients did not. Furthermore, for the negative words, healthy individuals made more errors while responding to incongruent cases but MDD patients made the lowest number of errors for this category. The emotional percepts of the patients were intact, because correct response rates in word valence judgments for positive/negative words, and reaction times for happy/sad faces had similar patterns with those of controls. These findings are supported by the analytical rumination interpretation of depression: patients lose speed/accuracy in laboratory tasks due to processing load spent during continuous rumination. However, for tasks in line with their preoccupation, continual practice makes the patients more vigilant and adept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Başgöze
- Middle East Technical University, Informatics Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bora Baskak
- Ankara University Medical School, Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Gökçay
- Middle East Technical University, Informatics Institute, Ankara, Turkey.
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Mennin DS, Fresco DM, Ritter M, Heimberg RG. AN OPEN TRIAL OF EMOTION REGULATION THERAPY FOR GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND COOCCURRING DEPRESSION. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:614-23. [PMID: 25945946 PMCID: PMC4515189 DOI: 10.1002/da.22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although CBT is efficacious for a wide variety of psychiatric conditions, relatively fewer GAD patients achieve high endstate functioning as compared to patients receiving CBTs for other disorders. Moreover, GAD trials that utilized patient samples without prominent depression have tended to report that effect sizes for depressive outcomes were small or diminished to pretreatment levels in the follow-up period. Emotion regulation therapy (ERT) integrates principles from traditional and contemporary cognitive behavioral treatments with basic and translational findings from affect science to offer a blueprint for improving intervention by focusing on motivational, regulatory, and contextual learning mechanisms. METHOD The purpose of this investigation was to provide initial support for the efficacy of ERT in an open trial of patients with GAD and cooccurring depressive symptoms. Twenty-one patients received a 20-session version of ERT delivered in weekly individual sessions. Standardized clinician ratings and self-report measures were assessed at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment as well as at three- and nine-month follow-ups. Intent-to-treat analyzes were utilized. RESULTS GAD patients, half with comorbid major depression, evidenced statistically, and clinically meaningful improvements in symptom severity, impairment, quality of life, and in model-related outcomes including emotional/motivational intensity, mindful attending/acceptance, decentering, and cognitive reappraisal. Patients maintained gains across the three and nine month follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS These findings, although preliminary, provide additional evidence for the role of emotion dysregulation in the onset, maintenance, and now treatment of conditions such as GAD and cooccurring depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Mennin
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York
| | - David M Fresco
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Michael Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Mennin DS, Fresco DM. Advancing Emotion Regulation Perspectives on Psychopathology: The Challenge of Distress Disorders. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2015; 26:80-92. [PMID: 27917029 PMCID: PMC5132184 DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2015.969624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Mennin
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - David M Fresco
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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47
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Pearson R, McGeary J, Maddox WT, Beevers CG. Serotonin promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) predicts biased attention for emotion stimuli: Preliminary evidence of moderation by the social environment. Clin Psychol Sci 2015; 4:122-128. [PMID: 26779397 DOI: 10.1177/2167702614562470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have found an association between attentional bias for negative stimuli and variation in the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). The current project examined whether a positive social environment mitigates this association. More specifically, we examined the relationship between attentional bias on the dot-probe task, variation in the 5-HTTLPR and current social support among a community sample of adults (N=216). Consistent with prior research, the S/LG homozygotes were more likely than the other genotype groups to have a negative attention bias. However, social support moderated the association between 5-HTTLPR variation and attentional bias. The S/LG homozygote group was particularly likely to exhibit greater attentional bias towards negative stimuli at low levels of social support. However, as social support improved, negative attention bias decreased. Findings suggest that supportive environments may attenuate genetic associations with negative attention bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Pearson
- University of Texas at Austin; Institute for Mental Health Research
| | - John McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Rhode Island Hospital, & Brown University
| | - W Todd Maddox
- University of Texas at Austin; Institute for Mental Health Research
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Farb NAS, Irving JA, Anderson AK, Segal ZV. A two-factor model of relapse/recurrence vulnerability in unipolar depression. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 124:38-53. [PMID: 25688431 PMCID: PMC4332552 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The substantial health burden associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) is a product of both its high prevalence and the significant risk of relapse, recurrence, and chronicity. Establishing recurrence vulnerability factors (VFs) could improve the long-term management of MDD by identifying the need for further intervention in seemingly recovered patients. We present a model of sensitization in depression vulnerability, with an emphasis on the integration of behavioral and neural systems accounts. Evidence suggests that VFs fall into 2 categories: dysphoric attention and dysphoric elaboration. Dysphoric attention is driven by fixation on negative life events, and is characterized behaviorally by reduced executive control, and neurally by elevated activity in the brain's salience network. Dysphoric elaboration is driven by rumination that promotes overgeneral self- and contextual appraisals, and is characterized behaviorally by dysfunctional attitudes, and neurally by elevated connectivity within normally distinct prefrontal brain networks. Although few prospective VF studies exist from which to catalogue a definitive neurobehavioral account, extant data support the value of the proposed 2-factor model. Measuring the continued presence of these 2 VFs during recovery may more accurately identify remitted patients who would benefit from targeted prophylactic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zindel V Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough
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49
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Newman KR, Sears CR. Eye Gaze Tracking Reveals Different Effects of a Sad Mood Induction on the Attention of Previously Depressed and Never Depressed Women. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-014-9669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Gender and Attention in Depression: Examining the Role of Modified Attention in Shifting Mood and Cognitions. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-014-9631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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