1
|
Kumar M, Keady J, Aryal SP, Hessing M, Richards CI, Turner JR. The Role of Microglia in Sex- and Region-Specific Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity During Nicotine Withdrawal. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:182-193. [PMID: 38298802 PMCID: PMC10829673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disease in the United States, with <5% of quit attempts being successful. Microglia activation and proinflammatory neuroimmune signaling in reward neurocircuitry are implicated in nicotine withdrawal symptomology. Microglia are integral regulators of blood-brain barrier (BBB) functionality as well; however, whether the effects of nicotine withdrawal on microglia function impact BBB integrity is unknown. Methods Mice were treated with chronic nicotine (12 mg/kg/day) and subjected to 48 hours nicotine withdrawal. Regional BBB permeability, together with messenger RNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins, were assessed. PLX5622 chow was used to deplete microglia to evaluate the role of microglia in regulating BBB integrity and nicotine withdrawal symptomology. Results Female mice had higher baseline BBB permeability in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus than males. Nicotine withdrawal further exacerbated the BBB permeability selectively in the prefrontal cortex of females. These effects were concurrent with prefrontal cortex alterations in a subset of tight junction proteins with increased proinflammatory responses following nicotine withdrawal in females. Depletion of microglia via PLX5622 treatment prevented all these molecular effects and attenuated withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in female mice. Conclusions These results are the first to show sex differences in regional BBB permeability during nicotine withdrawal. This represents a possible link to both the reduced smoking cessation success seen in women and women's increased risk for smoking-related neurovascular disorders. Furthermore, these findings open an avenue for sex-specific therapeutics that target microglia and BBB dysfunction during nicotine withdrawal in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
- Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Jack Keady
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Surya P. Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Marissa Hessing
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Jill R. Turner
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pang RD, Tucker CJ, Guillot CR, Belcher B, Kirkpatrick MG. Associations of DHEA(S) with negative and positive affect in people who smoke daily with elevated and low depression symptoms: A pilot laboratory study. Addict Behav 2023; 146:107801. [PMID: 37423068 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with depression symptoms have a harder time quitting smoking. High negative affect and low positive affect are core depression symptoms and arise following cigarette abstinence. Investigating associations of biological markers with negative and positive affect may provide valuable information about factors relevant to smoking cessation in individuals with elevated depression symptoms. METHODS Depression symptoms were measured at a baseline session. Participants then completed two counterbalanced experimental sessions (non-abstinent, abstinent) and completed measures of positive and negative affect, and provided saliva samples. Saliva samples were assayed at the Salimetrics' SalivaLab (Carlsbad, CA) using the Salimetrics Salivary Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Assay Kit (Cat. No. 1-1202) and Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) Assay Kit (Cat. No. 1-1252). RESULTS There were no main or interactive associations of DHEA with negative affect. However, there were significant DHEAS × experimental session and DHEAS × experimental session × depression symptom level interactions with negative affect. In the high depression symptom group, DHEAS positively associated with negative affect during the non-abstinent experimental session, but DHEAS negatively associated with negative affect during the abstinent experimental session. There were no associations of DHEA or DHEAS with positive affect. CONCLUSION This study found that DHEAS negatively associated with negative affect during cigarette abstinence in individuals with elevated depression symptoms. This is important as high negative affect during cigarette abstinence may result in a return to smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Suite 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, SGM 50, 3620 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Chyna J Tucker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Suite 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.
| | - Casey R Guillot
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Terrill Hall, Denton, TX 7620, United States.
| | - Britni Belcher
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Suite 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Suite 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, SGM 50, 3620 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Domi A, Lucente E, Cadeddu D, Adermark L. Nicotine but not saline self-administering or yoked control conditions produces sustained neuroadaptations in the accumbens shell. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1105388. [PMID: 36760603 PMCID: PMC9907443 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Using yoked animals as the control when monitoring operant drug-self-administration is considered the golden standard. However, instrumental learning per se recruits several neurocircuits that may produce distinct or overlapping neuroadaptations with drugs of abuse. The aim of this project was to assess if contingent responding for nicotine or saline in the presence of a light stimulus as a conditioned reinforcer is associated with sustained neurophysiological adaptations in the nucleus accumbens shell (nAcS), a brain region repeatedly associated with reward related behaviors. Methods To this end, nicotine-or saline-administrating rats and yoked-saline stimulus-unpaired training conditions were assessed in operant boxes over four consecutive weeks. After four additional weeks of home cage forced abstinence and subsequent cue reinforced responding under extinction conditions, ex vivo electrophysiology was performed in the nAcS medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Results Whole cell recordings conducted in voltage and current-clamp mode showed that excitatory synapses in the nAcS were altered after prolonged forced abstinence from nicotine self-administration. We observed an increase in sEPSC amplitude in animals with a history of contingent nicotine SA potentially indicating higher excitability of accumbal MSNs, which was further supported by current clamp recordings. Interestingly no sustained neuroadaptations were elicited in saline exposed rats from nicotine associated visual cues compared to the yoked controls. Conclusion The data presented here indicate that nicotine self-administration produces sustained neuroadaptations in the nAcS while operant responding driven by nicotine visual stimuli has no long-term effects on MSNs in nAcS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Domi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,*Correspondence: Ana Domi, ✉
| | - Erika Lucente
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Cadeddu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leventhal AM, Conti DV, Ray LA, Baurley JW, Bello MS, Cho J, Zhang Y, Pester MS, Lebovitz L, Budiarto A, Mahesworo B, Pardamean B. A genetic association study of tobacco withdrawal endophenotypes in African Americans. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:673-681. [PMID: 34279980 PMCID: PMC8928755 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) genetic epidemiology research has identified several variants modestly associated with brief self-report smoking measures, predominately in European Americans. GWA research has not applied intensive laboratory-based measures of smoking endophenotypes in African Americans-a population with disproportionately low quit smoking rates and high tobacco-related disease risk. This genetic epidemiology study of non-Hispanic African Americans tested associations of 89 genetic variants identified in previous GWA research and exploratory GWAs with 24 laboratory-derived tobacco withdrawal endophenotypes. African American cigarette smokers (N = 528; ≥10 cig/day; 36.2% female) completed two counterbalanced visits following either 16-hr of tobacco deprivation or ad libitum smoking. At both visits, self-report and behavioral measures across six unique "sub-phenotype" domains within the tobacco withdrawal syndrome were assessed (Urge/Craving, Negative Affect, Low Positive Affect, Cognition, Hunger, and Motivation to Resume Smoking). Results of the candidate variant analysis found two significant small-magnitude associations. The rs11915747 alternate allele in the CAD2M gene region was associated with .09 larger deprivation-induced changes in reported impulsivity (0-4 scale). The rs2471711alternate allele in the AC097480.1/AC097480.2 gene region was associated with 0.26 lower deprivation-induced changes in confusion (0-4 scale). For both variants, associations were opposite in direction to previous research. Individual genetic variants may exert only weak influences on tobacco withdrawal in African Americans. Larger sample sizes of non-European ancestry individuals might be needed to investigate both known and novel loci that may be ancestry-specific. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | | | - Lucas Lebovitz
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Arif Budiarto
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bharuno Mahesworo
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bens Pardamean
- BioRealm LLC, California
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi H, Leventhal AM, Wen Q, Ossip DJ, Li D. Sex Differences in the Association of E-cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use With Self-Reported Hypertension Incidence in US Adults. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 25:478-485. [PMID: 35863748 PMCID: PMC9910126 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is some evidence and conceptual plausibility that tobacco product use is associated with hypertension incidence and that this association varies by sex, extant longitudinal research had been conducted prior to the emergence of e-cigarette and dual e-cigarette and cigarette use. AIMS AND METHODS Data were analyzed from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study for adults with no lifetime history of hypertension at wave 1 (2013-2014) who completed waves 2-4 follow-up surveys (2014-2018; n = 16 434). Sex-stratified weighted covariate-adjusted multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine the association between established current e-cigarette or cigarette exclusive or dual-use (as a time-varying and time-lagged regressor) and subsequent self-reported hypertension onset. RESULTS Weighted cumulative hypertension incidence by wave 4 varied by waves 1-3 e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual use status in females (nonuse [incidence: 9.9%], exclusive e-cigarette use [11.8%], exclusive cigarette use [14.8%], dual-use [12.4%]; p = .003 for omnibus differences among all groups) but not males (nonuse [12.6%], exclusive e-cigarette use [9.7%], exclusive cigarette use [13.7%], dual-use [9.3%]; p = .231). Among females, exclusive cigarette (vs. no) use (hazard ratio: 1.69, 95%CI 1.21 to 2.34; p = .002), but not exclusive e-cigarette or dual-use, was significantly associated with subsequent hypertension. Dose-response models were suggestive that consistent exclusive e-cigarette or dual-use versus nonuse across multiple may be associated with hypertension among females, but results were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS The association of e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual use with hypertension may differ by sex, whereby exclusive cigarette use could be a prospective risk factor for subsequent self-reported hypertension in US adult females. IMPLICATIONS This nationally representative cohort study provides the very first evidence of whether there are prospective associations of established e-cigarette and cigarette use and dual use with future hypertension onset among US adult females and males. We found that exclusive cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension among females, but not males. We observed a trend of a dose-response relationship between e-cigarette use and risk of incident hypertension among female exclusive e-cigarette users or dual e-cigarette and cigarette users. Our study will contribute to understanding the chronic health risks of vaping to prevent the potential long-term e-cigarette use-related health burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangchuan Shi
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- USC Institute for Addiction Science, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Deborah J Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Corresponding Author: Dongmei Li, Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642-0708, USA. Telephone: (585)2767285; Fax: (585)2761122; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pang RD, Chai SH, Tucker CJ, Weinberger AH, D'Orazio LM, Kirkpatrick MG. Effects of cigarette abstinence on negative and positive affect by depression symptom levels: A lab study. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:163-170. [PMID: 35341814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High negative affect and low positive affect are key depression-related states that may be greater following acute tobacco abstinence. This study aimed to test associations between depression symptom levels and acute tobacco abstinence with negative affect and positive affect. METHODS Following a baseline session, participants attended two counterbalanced laboratory sessions (non-abstinent, abstinent) and completed measures of positive and negative affect at rest (i.e., when not completing a task) and during a film clip task. RESULTS Individuals with elevated depression symptoms had higher negative affect and lower positive affect at rest and during the film clip task compared to individuals with low depression symptoms. There was no interaction of depression symptom levels and abstinence on negative and positive affect at rest. There was an interaction of depression symptom level and abstinence on negative and positive affect during the film clip task. Individuals with elevated depression showed significant differences in positive and negative affect between the abstinent and non-abstinent session, but no significant abstinence effects were noted in individuals with low depression symptoms. LIMITATIONS The study included a non-treatment seeking sample and experimentally induced acute cigarette abstinence. We excluded for the use of smoking cessation medications that are also used to treat depression, classified depression levels using dichotomized CES-D scores, and used self-report measures of affect. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest individuals with elevated depression symptoms who smoke experience elevated negative affect and lower positive affect and cigarette abstinence may uniquely alter affective reactivity in individuals with elevated depression symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States of America.
| | - Stephanie H Chai
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Chyna J Tucker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Lina M D'Orazio
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stewart SA, Peltier MR, Roys MR, Copeland AL. The association between hormonal contraceptive use and smoking, negative affect, and cessation attempts in college females. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 3:100063. [PMID: 36845992 PMCID: PMC9948877 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous and endogenous female hormones influence nicotine use and cessation, potentially through mechanisms such as anxiety and negative affect. In the present study, college females using all types of hormonal contraceptives (HC) were compared to those not using HC to determine the potential influence on current smoking, negative affect, and current and past cessation attempts. Differences between progestin-only and combination HC were also examined. Of the 1,431 participants, 53.2% (n = 761) reported current HC use, and 12.3% (n = 176) of participants endorsed current smoking. Women currently using HC were significantly more likely to smoke (13.5%; n = 103) compared to women not using HC (10.9%; n = 73), p = .04. There was a significant main effect of HC use being associated with lower anxiety levels (p = .005), as well as a significant HC use by smoking status interaction, such that women who smoke using HC reported the lowest levels of anxiety among participants (p = .01). Participants using HC were more likely to be making a current attempt to quit smoking than those not using HC (p = .04) and were more likely to have made past quit attempts (p = .04). No significant differences were observed across women using progestin-only, combined estrogen and progestin, and women not using HC. These findings provide evidence that exogenous hormones may be an advantageous treatment target and that they warrant additional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - MacKenzie R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, USA
| | - Melanie R. Roys
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Amy L. Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tucker CJ, Bello MS, Weinberger AH, D'Orazio LM, Kirkpatrick MG, Pang RD. Association of depression symptom level with smoking urges, cigarette withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement: A preliminary laboratory study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109267. [PMID: 35042097 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking urges, withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement may be especially relevant to people with elevated depression symptoms who smoke. This laboratory study aimed to assess relations between depression symptom level and smoking urges for reward and relief, cigarette withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement in people who smoke cigarettes daily during acute abstinence and while smoking as usual. METHODS Participants with low (n = 51) or elevated (n = 29) baseline depression symptoms underwent two counterbalanced laboratory sessions (i.e., abstinent, non-abstinent). At each session, they completed subjective measures of smoking urges for reward and relief, and withdrawal. They also completed a laboratory smoking reinstatement task measuring whether they would delay smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked. RESULTS The elevated depression symptom group reported significantly higher withdrawal (p = .01) and smoked more cigarettes than the low depression symptoms group during the smoking reinstatement task self-administration period at the abstinent session (p = .04). Smoking urges for reward and relief were not significantly different by depression symptom group. There were no significant interactions of depression and abstinence with any outcomes. CONCLUSIONS As outcomes were measured at both an abstinent and non-abstinent session, findings identify factors for people with elevated depression symptoms who smoke which may drive smoking behavior and impede smoking cessation efforts. This study provides evidence that people with elevated depression symptoms who smoke may need additional/more pharmacological or behavioral smoking cessation aids targeted at reducing withdrawal and number of cigarettes smoked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chyna J Tucker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, 3250 Public Affairs Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Mariel S Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02903 USA.
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University and Department of Epidemiology, and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1165 Morris Park Ave. Rousso Building, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Lina M D'Orazio
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo St. Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pang RD, Tucker CJ, D’Orazio LM, Weinberger AH, Guillot CR. Affect and subjective cognitive functioning by depression symptom levels during naturalistic cigarette smoking in premenopausal females who smoke daily. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2022; 36:90-99. [PMID: 33844567 PMCID: PMC8505572 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: High negative affect, low positive affect, and low cognitive functioning are depression-related states that may be particularly relevant to females who smoke cigarettes and may be more prominent following overnight tobacco abstinence. This study aimed to assess relations between depression symptom levels and negative affect, positive affect, and subjective cognitive functioning in premenopausal females who smoke. Methods: Premenopausal females who smoke daily with low (n = 66) or elevated (n = 33) baseline depression symptoms completed subjective ratings of negative affect, positive affect, and cognitive functioning pre-first cigarette (i.e., after overnight tobacco abstinence) and at random prompts throughout the day via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) for 35 days. Results: Participants with elevated depression symptoms reported overall higher negative affect (p = .01). Positive affect was significantly lower prior to the first cigarette of the day (p < .001), but did not significantly differ between depression symptom groups. Subjective cognitive functioning was significantly lower pre-first cigarette of the day (p < .001). There was a significant Depression Symptom × Prompt Type interaction for subjective cognitive functioning (p = .01). Subjective cognitive functioning did not significantly differ by depression symptom group pre-first cigarette of the day but was significantly different at random prompts throughout the day. Conclusions: As participants smoked as usual, findings identify naturalistic factors which may influence smoking behavior among premenopausal females who smoke with elevated depression symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Chyna J. Tucker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California
| | | | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University and Department of Epidemiology, and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peraza N, Bello MS, Schiff SJ, Cho J, Zhang Y, Callahan C, Tackett A, Leventhal AM. Drug and alcohol dependence acute effects of pod-style e-cigarettes in vaping-naïve smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109083. [PMID: 34600262 PMCID: PMC8631487 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the acute effects of exposure to pod-style e-cigarettes on subjective, behavioral, and physiological outcomes indicative of the potential to encourage vaping-naïve smokers to switch to e-cigarettes. METHODS In a within-subject experiment, never-vaping adult smokers interested in trying e-cigarettes (n = 24) completed 4 laboratory visits following 16-hr tobacco abstinence. Visits involved controlled puffing from preferred brand cigarettes (OwnCig) or a standardized pod-style e-cigarette with either no nicotine (NoNic), nicotine freebase (NicFreebase; 0.5% nicotine concentration), or nicotine salt (NicSalt E-Cig; 2.8% concentration) solutions. Outcomes included smoking urge, mood, user experience, plasma nicotine, and a behavioral task assessing ability to delay smoking. RESULTS NoNic, NicFreebase, and NicSalt pod-style e-cigarettes were significantly less effective than OwnCig at reducing smoking urge and increasing plasma nicotine, positive affect, satisfying user experience ratings, and ability to delay smoking on the behavioral task. Differences among pod-style e-cigarette conditions were limited to: (a) NicFreebase (vs. NoNic) preferentially suppressed participants' urge to smoke to alleviate negative mood, (b) NicFreebase (vs. NicSalt) slightly preferentially increased plasma nicotine; and (c) NicFreebase and NicSalt (vs. NoNic) produced higher aversive user experience ratings. CONCLUSIONS In tobacco deprived smokers' initial vaping experience, controlled administration of certain pod-style e-cigarettes with 0.5% NicFreebase or 2.8% NicSalt may be deficient comparators to cigarettes in terms of their capacity to acutely improve mood, deliver nicotine, suppress smoking motivation, and offer a satisfying user experience. Future research is needed to test pod-style e-cigarettes with higher nicotine doses and confirm whether NicFreebase vs. NicSalt enhances nicotine absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Peraza
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mariel S Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sara J Schiff
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Carly Callahan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alayna Tackett
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
King AC, Brett EI, Vena A, Miloslavich K, Cao D. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) cue reactivity in dual users: A combined analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108909. [PMID: 34311242 PMCID: PMC8882020 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smokers report increases in smoking urge in response to exposure to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and dual users, i.e. smokers who also vape ENDS, may exhibit greater cue reactivity than exclusive smokers. The current investigation examined reactivity to a variety of ENDS cues across a large sample of cigarette smokers and dual ENDS users. METHODS Young adult smokers (N = 345; >5 cigarettes per day) were recruited between 2013-2019 for participation in a series of within-subjects laboratory-based studies. Participants completed surveys before and after exposure to a confederate-delivered control cue (water) and an active cue, including cigarette or ENDS cues ranging from first generation "cigalikes" to a fourth generation "pod-mod". Main outcomes were post-cue changes in desire for combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and smoking behavior as determined by the smoking latency portion of the Smoking Lapse Paradigm after cue exposure. RESULTS Relative to smokers who do not use ENDS, dual users demonstrated higher baseline desire for ENDS and greater ENDS cue reactivity (across product types) in terms of post-cue increases in smoking urge and shorter latency to smoking choice. In contrast, reactivity to the cigarette cue was similar across groups. CONCLUSIONS Dual users show heightened ENDS cue reactivity on smoking urge and behavior relative to never users of ENDS, regardless of the type of ENDS cue. Given their reactivity to both cigarette and ENDS cues, it may be difficult for dual users to transition to exclusive vaping or quit tobacco product use altogether.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C King
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
| | - Emma I Brett
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Ashley Vena
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Krista Miloslavich
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, 60607, United States
| | - Dingcai Cao
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Visual Sciences and Opthalmology, Chicago, IL, 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liautaud MM, Kechter A, Bello MS, Guillot CR, Oliver JA, Banks DE, D’Orazio LM, Leventhal AM. Anhedonia in tobacco withdrawal among African-American smokers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:511-523. [PMID: 34110886 PMCID: PMC8511043 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia-diminished interest and pleasure in response to rewards-may be a symptom of tobacco withdrawal that is understudied in priority populations. This experiment investigated the magnitude and correlates of various dimensions of anhedonia during tobacco withdrawal among African-American (AA) smokers-a population subject to health disparities. AA smokers (N = 607; ≥ 10 cigarettes/day, 37.8% female, M[SD] age = 50.0[10.6] years) completed self-report measures assessing expected pleasure from (i.e., consummatory anhedonia) and desire to engage in (i.e., anticipatory anhedonia) various types of hypothetically experienced rewards at counterbalanced 16-hr tobacco deprived and nondeprived lab visits. Other tobacco withdrawal symptom measures (e.g., craving, negative affect, hunger) were also assessed. Tobacco deprivation most robustly increased scores on a composite measure of consummatory anhedonia directed toward various reward domains (i.e., hobbies, sensory experiences, social activities; d = .32, p < .001). Deprivation modestly increased consummatory and anticipatory anhedonia directed toward sexual rewards (ds = .09-.12, ps < .02), did not significantly change anhedonia toward food rewards, and decreased anhedonia directed toward psychoactive drug rewards (i.e., increased desire for and pleasure from drugs; ds = -.21 to -.19, ps < .001). Deprivation-induced changes in anhedonia were modestly correlated with other withdrawal symptoms (average |r|s = .04-.23) and were amplified among participants with higher nicotine dependence and lower positive affect-related traits (|β|s = .10-.12, ps < .01). Some dimensions of anhedonia may be genuine expressions of acute tobacco withdrawal in AA smokers. Applying multi-dimensional anhedonia conceptualizations might advance basic knowledge and treatment of tobacco use disorder, improve smoking cessation outcomes, and address tobacco-related health disparities facing AA smokers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Afton Kechter
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine
| | | | | | - Jason A. Oliver
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Devin E. Banks
- University of Missouri Saint Louis, Department of Psychological Sciences
| | | | - Adam M. Leventhal
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be established by repeated nicotine injections, chronic nicotine infusion via osmotic minipumps, oral nicotine intake, tobacco smoke exposure, nicotine vapor exposure, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure. The time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with these methods has not been reviewed in the literature. AIM The goal of this review is to discuss nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with the cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in rats and mice. Furthermore, age and sex differences in nicotine withdrawal symptoms are reviewed. RESULTS Cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure leads to nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as somatic withdrawal signs, changes in locomotor activity, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, learning and memory deficits, attention deficits, hyperalgesia, and dysphoria. These withdrawal symptoms are most pronounced within the first week after cessation of nicotine exposure. Anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, and deficits in learning and memory may persist for several months. Adolescent (4-6 weeks old) rats and mice display fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than adults (>8 weeks old). In adult rats and mice, females show fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than males. The smoking cessation drugs bupropion and varenicline reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in rodents. CONCLUSION The nicotine withdrawal symptoms that are observed in rodents are similar to those observed in humans. Tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol contain chemicals and added flavors that enhance the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Therefore, more valid animal models of tobacco and e-cigarette use need to be developed by using tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure methods to induce dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Ryann Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Perez Diaz M, Pochon JB, Ghahremani DG, Dean AC, Faulkner P, Petersen N, Tyndale RF, Donis A, Paez D, Cahuantzi C, Hellemann GS, London ED. Sex Differences in the Association of Cigarette Craving With Insula Structure. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:624-633. [PMID: 33830218 PMCID: PMC8378076 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette craving, which can negatively impact smoking cessation, is reportedly stronger in women than in men when they initiate abstinence from smoking. Identifying approaches to counteract craving in people of different sexes may facilitate the development of personalized treatments for Tobacco Use Disorder, which disproportionately affects women. Because cigarette craving is associated with nicotine dependence and structure of the insula, this study addressed whether a person's sex influences these associations. METHODS The research participants (n = 99, 48 women) reported daily cigarette smoking and provided self-reports of nicotine dependence. After overnight abstinence from smoking, they underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning to determine cortical thickness of the left and right anterior circular insular sulcus, and self-rated their cigarette craving before and after their first cigarette of the day. RESULTS Women reported stronger craving than men irrespective of smoking condition (i.e., pre- and post-smoking) (P = .048), and smoking reduced craving irrespective of sex (P < .001). A 3-way interaction of sex, smoking condition, and right anterior circular insular sulcus thickness on craving (P = .033) reflected a negative association of cortical thickness with pre-smoking craving in women only (P = .012). No effects of cortical thickness in the left anterior circular insular sulcus were detected. Nicotine dependence was positively associated with craving (P < .001) across groups and sessions, with no sex differences in this association. CONCLUSIONS A negative association of right anterior insula thickness with craving in women only suggests that this region may be a relevant therapeutic target for brain-based smoking cessation interventions in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maylen Perez Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pochon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dara G Ghahremani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andy C Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul Faulkner
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Donis
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Paez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Citlaly Cahuantzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerhard S Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edythe D London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bello MS, Liautaud MM, De La Cerda JT, Pang RD, Ray LA, Ahluwalia JA, Leventhal AM. Association of frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination with tobacco withdrawal symptoms and smoking lapse behavior in African Americans. Addiction 2021; 116:914-925. [PMID: 32860477 PMCID: PMC7914272 DOI: 10.1111/add.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Frequent experiences of discrimination could increase vulnerability to tobacco withdrawal and smoking lapse in populations subject to tobacco-related health disparities. This laboratory study (2013-17) examined whether individual differences in perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life predicted tobacco withdrawal symptoms and smoking lapse behavior following acute tobacco deprivation in African American smokers. DESIGN Mixed design with the between-subjects continuous variable of perceived discrimination crossed with the within-subject variable of tobacco deprivation status (deprived versus non-deprived). SETTING Academic medical center in Los Angeles, CA, USA. PARTICIPANTS African American non-treatment seeking daily cigarette smokers (n = 607, ≥ 10 cig/day). MEASUREMENTS At a baseline visit, self-reported frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life was measured [everyday discrimination scale (EDDS)]. At two subsequent counterbalanced experimental visits (16-hour tobacco deprivation versus ad-libitum smoking), self-report assessments of various tobacco withdrawal symptom domains [Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges), Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and Current Impulsivity Scale (CIS)) and a behavioral smoking lapse analogue task were measured. FINDINGS Adjusted models demonstrated that greater frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination was associated with larger deprivation-induced increases in acute urges to smoke to alleviate negative mood, several negative mood states and subjective cognitive functioning-effect sizes were small in magnitude (βs = 0.09-0.13; Ps < 0.02). Data were inconclusive for associations between perceived exposure to discrimination and deprivation-induced changes in cravings, urges to smoke for pleasure, positive mood reduction, other symptoms or smoking reinstatement behavior. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination appears to be modestly associated with increased severity of some deprivation-induced tobacco withdrawal symptoms in African American smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariel S. Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madalyn M. Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julianne T. De La Cerda
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasjit A. Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we examined whether visual exposure to the heated tobacco product (HTP) IQOS, which was authorized for sale by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2019, acts as a cue to increase cigarette craving and smoking behavior among smokers. Methods Young adult smokers (N = 105) were randomly assigned to view a video depicting use of either IQOS or bottled water. Main outcomes were changes in cigarette and e-cigarette desire and latency to smoke between the groups. We also examined participants' attitudes about the actors using IQOS and drinking water in the videos. Results Exposure to the use of IQOS acutely increased observers' ratings of smoking urge and desire for a cigarette and an e-cigarette. The IQOS cue, compared with the water cue, also produced a marginally significant shorter latency to smoke. Participants perceived actors as less likeable and friendly when using IQOS than when drinking water. Conclusions Results showed that exposure to IQOS produced smoking urge and behavior in young adult smokers, implicating IQOS use as a smoking and vaping cue. As HTPs gain popularity, product impact on passive observers should be included in their risk-benefit profile.
Collapse
|
17
|
Conti AA, Tolomeo S, Steele JD, Baldacchino AM. Severity of negative mood and anxiety symptoms occurring during acute abstinence from tobacco: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:48-63. [PMID: 32454051 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review was conducted with the following goals: To quantify the severity of mood and anxiety symptoms emerging during acute abstinence from tobacco (1). To explore sex differences related to the experience of specific symptoms (2). To investigate the early time course of symptoms (3). A meta-analysis was performed from 28 studies assessing mood and anxiety symptoms during the earliest phases of tobacco abstinence (up to 24 hrs post-quit) conducted from 1999 to 2019. Results revealed a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in 'anxiety', 'anger/irritability', 'depressed mood /sadness', and composite negative affect ('NA') in the 24 hours following smoking cessation. The largest effect size was detected for 'anxiety' (0.63). A qualitative analysis was performed to investigate sex differences and the time course of the specific symptoms. Results indicated that female smokers may experience worse mood symptoms compared to male smokers and that these symptoms may emerge within 3 hrs post-quit. Smoking cessation programs should implement sex-tailored interventions in order to improve their effectiveness, while future research should focus on alternative methods of nicotine administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Conti
- University of St Andrews, School of Medicine, Division of Population and Behavioural Science, UK
| | - S Tolomeo
- National University of Singapore (NUS), Department of Psychology, Singapore
| | - J D Steele
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Division of Imaging Science and Technology, UK
| | - A M Baldacchino
- University of St Andrews, School of Medicine, Division of Population and Behavioural Science, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pang RD, Guillot CR, Liautaud MM, Bello MS, Kirkpatrick MG, Huh J, Leventhal AM. Subjective effects from the first cigarette of the day vary with precigarette affect in premenopausal female daily smokers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 28:299-305. [PMID: 31368771 PMCID: PMC6994325 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 1st cigarette of the day is strongly tied to tobacco dependence. However, prior research has not investigated whether within-subject (WS) day-to-day fluctuations in prefirst-cigarette affect are associated with the subjective effects from the 1st cigarette of the day or whether these associations differ by smokers' average prefirst-cigarette affect. In the current study, 85 premenopausal female daily smokers completed baseline measures and 35 days of ecological momentary assessment. Prefirst-cigarette positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) were assessed prior to the 1st cigarette of the day and were partitioned into between-subjects (BS) and WS variables. Pleasurable and NA relief effects were assessed following the 1st cigarette of the day. On days when women reported higher than their usual prefirst-cigarette PA (WS-PA), they reported more pleasurable effects. On days when women reported higher than their usual prefirst-cigarette WS-NA, they reported greater pleasurable effects and NA relief effects. Women with higher average prefirst-cigarette NA relative to others (BS-NA), reported greater NA relief effects. Women with higher average prefirst-cigarette PA relative to others (BS-PA) reported greater pleasurable and NA relief effects from smoking. The association of within-subject affect (i.e., that day's level of NA or PA) with NA relief effects is attenuated in female smokers with higher average prefirst-cigarette NA (i.e., Prefirst-Cigarette WS Affect × Prefirst-Cigarette BS-NA interaction). Results suggest that prefirst-cigarette affect may impact the subjective effects from the 1st cigarette of the day and that the association between prefirst-cigarette affect and NA relief effects may be dampened in women with greater average precigarette NA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Casey R. Guillot
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Madalyn M. Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariel S. Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew G. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chai SH, Leventhal AM, Kirkpatrick MG, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Rapkin AJ, D’Orazio L, Pang RD. Effectiveness of transdermal nicotine patch in premenopausal female smokers is moderated by within-subject severity of negative affect and physical symptoms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1737-1744. [PMID: 32157328 PMCID: PMC7244386 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine patches may be less effective in female compared with male smokers. However, it is unknown if negative affect and physical symptoms influence transdermal nicotine patch-related effects on smoking behaviors. METHODS Eighty-one acutely tobacco-abstinent premenopausal female smokers attended three counter-balanced experimental sessions across the menstrual cycle (early follicular, late follicular, and mid-luteal) and were randomized to patch condition (nicotine [21 mg] vs. placebo [0 mg] transdermal patch). Negative affect and physical symptoms were assessed prior to patch administration. The patch was removed 5 h post-administration, and participants completed a smoking reinstatement task. Multilevel linear models tested associations of patch condition, negative affect and physical symptoms, and their interaction on smoking behavior. RESULTS There was a significant patch condition × Negative Affect and Pain symptoms interaction on the number of cigarettes smoked (p < 0.05). When Negative Affect and Pain were lower-than-usual, females administered a nicotine patch smoked significantly fewer cigarettes than females administered a placebo patch (p < .05), but there were no significant patch differences when Negative Affect and Pain were higher-than-usual. There was also a significant patch condition × Negative Affect interaction on time delay. The effects of patch condition on time delay to smoking were greater during sessions in which Negative Affect was higher-than-usual. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that among female smokers transdermal nicotine patch effectiveness may interact with negative affect and pain. Understanding and considering female-specific factors that may impact the efficacy of one of the most commonly used cessation medications is important for improving smoking cessation in female smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H. Chai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew G. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Andrea J. Rapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for the Health Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lina D’Orazio
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Corresponding author: Raina D. Pang, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032 Phone:323-442-7251; Fax:323-442-2359;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vena A, Miloslavich K, Howe M, Cao D, King AC. Exposure to JUUL use: cue reactivity effects in young adult current and former smokers. Tob Control 2020; 30:tobaccocontrol-2019-055553. [PMID: 32447316 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the use of first, second and third generations of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) elicits the desire to vape and smoke among observers, as well as facilitates smoking behaviour. Given the rapid rise in the popularity of the pod mod JUUL, we examined whether observing the use of this device would elicit similar responses in smokers. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to determine whether JUUL can act as a smoking cue for former smokers. METHODS The sample consisted of 82 young adult participants (62 current smokers and 20 former smokers approximately 1 year smoke free). The study examined their response to observing use of bottled water (control cue) and JUUL (active cue) in a controlled laboratory paradigm. Both cues were delivered by a trained study confederate under the guise of a social interaction task, and participants completed mood and desire and urge surveys precue and postcue exposures. RESULTS In current smokers, exposure to the JUUL cue increased smoking urge and desire for a cigarette, mod/vape pen and JUUL, and two-thirds chose to smoke in the behavioural analogue task. In former smokers, the JUUL cue evoked modest and transient increases in desire for a cigarette and JUUL. CONCLUSIONS The use of JUUL affects the user and elicits responses in observers; this study is the first to demonstrate that exposure to JUUL use may act as a smoking cue and exposure to JUUL use may affect tobacco control efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vena
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Krista Miloslavich
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Meghan Howe
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dingcai Cao
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea C King
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pang RD, Bello MS, Liautaud MM, Weinberger AH, Leventhal AM. Gender Differences in Negative Affect During Acute Tobacco Abstinence Differ Between African American and White Adult Cigarette Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:1072-1078. [PMID: 29917091 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have found heightened negative affect following tobacco abstinence in women compared to men. However, experimental work addressing whether these findings generalize across racial groups is scarce. This study investigated whether race (non-Hispanic White vs. non-Hispanic African American) moderated gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect and smoking behavior. METHODS Data were collected from 2010 to 2017 from two separate laboratory studies investigating experimentally manipulated tobacco abstinence. Following a baseline session, adult daily smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day; women: n = 297, 83.8% non-Hispanic African American; men: n = 492, 86.2% non-Hispanic African American) attended two counterbalanced lab sessions (16 hours abstinent vs. non-abstinent) and completed self-report measures of negative affect followed by a laboratory analogue smoking reinstatement task. RESULTS We found a gender × race interaction for several negative affect states and composite negative affect (βs = -.12 to -.16, Ps < .05). Analyses stratified by race showed that non-Hispanic White women compared to non-Hispanic White men exhibited greater abstinence-induced increases in anger, anxiety, and composite negative affect (βs = -.20 to -.29, Ps < .05). No significant gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect were found for non-Hispanic African American smokers (βs = .00 to - .04, Ps > .05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that negative affect during acute tobacco abstinence may be a clinically important and intervenable factor that can inform cessation interventions specifically for non-Hispanic White women smokers. Further empirical exploration of mechanisms underlying interactions of gender and race in tobacco addiction may benefit smoking cessation efforts in non-Hispanic African American women smokers. IMPLICATIONS This study contributes to a scant body of research examining the intersectional influence of race and gender on abstinence-induced negative affect-a central, motivationally prepotent feature of tobacco withdrawal. Using a laboratory-based design to experimentally manipulate abstinence, we provide evidence of a gender × race interaction on negative affect-related withdrawal. Our findings suggest that gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect observed among non-Hispanic White smokers may not generalize to non-Hispanic African American smokers, highlighting the need for future work to address potential mechanisms underlying the racially discrepant impact of gender on affective tobacco withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mariel S Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Madalyn M Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nakajima M, Allen S, al'Absi M. Influences of the Menstrual Phase on Cortisol Response to Stress in Nicotine Dependent Women: A Preliminary Examination. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:617-622. [PMID: 29648657 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that menstrual cycle phase plays a role in smoking withdrawal symptoms and craving. Stress increases these symptoms. Whether the stress regulatory mechanism is associated with menstrual phase and withdrawal symptoms is not well understood. METHODS Thirty-seven female smokers and 16 female nonsmokers were asked to complete a laboratory session. In each group, approximately half of the participants were tested when they were in the follicular phase and the other half was tested in the luteal phase. The session included resting baseline, stress, and recovery periods. Saliva samples for the measurement of cortisol and subjective measures of craving and withdrawal symptoms were collected at the end of each period. RESULTS A series of repeated measures analysis of covariance found a significant smoking group × menstrual phase × sampling time interaction in cortisol levels (p < .05). Follow-up analyses indicated a reduced cortisol stress response in the luteal group relative to the follicular group in smokers (p < .02). This difference was not found in nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Menstrual cycle phase is related to hormonal stress response and smoking withdrawal symptomatology. IMPLICATIONS We show influences of the menstrual cycle phase on stress response among smokers. This is demonstrated by a reduced cortisol response to stress in the luteal group relative to the follicular group among smokers. This menstrual phase difference was not found in nonsmokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nakajima
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN
| | - Sharon Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mustafa al'Absi
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tomko RL, Saladin ME, Baker NL, McClure EA, Carpenter MJ, Ramakrishnan VR, Heckman BW, Wray JM, Foster KT, Tiffany ST, Metts CL, Gray KM. Sex Differences in Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Stressful and Smoking Cues Presented in the Natural Environment of Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:81-88. [PMID: 30371887 PMCID: PMC7297015 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some evidence suggests that female smokers may show more context-dependent smoking and that males may show more stereotyped smoking (regardless of stress or cue exposure). The goal of this study was to characterize sex differences in response to stressful and smoking cues ecologically presented in daily life and variability in day-to-day smoking behavior. METHODS Adult smokers (N = 177) provided ratings of mood and cigarette craving before and after stress and smoking cues were presented four times daily for 14 days via a mobile device. Linear mixed models tested whether (1) female smokers exhibited greater reactivity to stressful cues than male smokers; (2) pre-cue negative affect increased reactivity to smoking cues more in female smokers than male smokers; (3) across both sexes, greater reactivity to stressful and smoking cues correlated with greater quantity of smoking within a day; and (4) female smokers exhibited greater variability in cigarettes per day (CPD) relative to males. RESULTS Relative to male smokers, female smokers reported greater negative affect, stress, and craving in response to stressful cues, but not smoking cues, after accounting for time since last cigarette and pre-cue responding. No sex differences in CPD or variability in CPD were detected. Days with higher subjective reactivity to cues were not associated with increased smoking, in either males or females. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences were observed in response to stress but not smoking cues in the natural environment of regular cigarette smokers. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether stress reactivity in female smokers is associated with reduced latency to smoke following stress exposure in daily life. IMPLICATIONS This study provides naturalistic evidence that female smokers may not be more reactive to smoking cues than males, but experience heightened stress and craving following stress exposure. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that amount smoked per day varied more for females, relative to males, as a result of more context-driven smoking for females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Michael E Saladin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Nathaniel L Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Erin A McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Bryan W Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jennifer M Wray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Stephen T Tiffany
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Christopher L Metts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vena A, Miloslavich K, Cao D, King A. Cue salience of the use of an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) device marketed to women. Addict Behav 2020; 100:106116. [PMID: 31622947 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Passive exposure to the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) has been shown to generalize as a smoking cue. As young adult women in particular are increasingly targeted by ENDS distributors, the present study examined whether passive exposure to the use of a female-marketed ENDS product selectively enhanced smoking urge, cigarette and e-cigarette desire, and smoking behavior among women (vs men) smokers. METHODS Using a mixed design, young adult smokers (n = 64; mean age 28.2 yrs.; ≥5 cigarettes/day) observed a study confederate drink bottled water (control cue) and then vape a female-marketed tank-based ENDS (active cue). Main measures were the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (BQSU) and visual analog scales (VAS) for cigarette and e-cigarette desire pre- and post-cue exposure, followed by a smoking latency task. RESULTS Compared to the control cue, the female-marketed ENDS cue increased smoking urge and desire for cigarettes and e-cigarettes to a similar extent in women and men. It also affected subsequent smoking behavior similarly between the sexes, with 68% of men and 58% of women opting to smoke (vs. obtaining monetary reinforcers). CONCLUSIONS Both women and men were sensitive to the use of the female-marketed ENDS as a smoking cue. Consistent with prior work by our group, findings demonstrate the cue salience of ENDS, which may be attributable to the aspects of vaping that resemble traditional smoking (e.g. hand-to-mouth and inhalation and exhalation behaviors).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vena
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista Miloslavich
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dingcai Cao
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea King
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Powers JM, LaRowe LR, Heckman BW, Ditre JW. Pain characteristics and nicotine deprivation as predictors of performance during a laboratory paradigm of smoking cessation. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 34:341-350. [PMID: 31750703 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although smokers with co-occurring pain report expectations for experiencing greater nicotine withdrawal and difficulty quitting, limited work has examined the role of pain in cessation-related outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine clinically relevant pain characteristics (pain persistence, pain intensity, pain-related disability) as predictors of withdrawal and smoking lapse/relapse outcomes using a laboratory paradigm of cessation. Participants (N = 120 daily cigarette smokers; 48% male; Mage = 36.17, SD = 12.16; MCigarettes Per Day = 20.51, SD = 6.99) were randomized to either nondeprived or 12-hr nicotine deprivation conditions prior to an experimental study visit. Upon arrival to the laboratory, participants completed measures of pain characteristics and nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Primary outcomes included nicotine withdrawal scores and analogues of smoking lapse (latency to initiating smoking) and relapse (number of cigarettes smoked). We hypothesized that smokers with greater pain persistence, pain intensity, and pain-related disability would endorse more severe nicotine withdrawal and greater lapse/relapse behavior, and that these positive associations would be stronger among those who were nicotine deprived. Results indicated that, above and beyond the effect of nicotine deprivation, persistent pain predicted more severe nicotine withdrawal, and that greater pain-related disability predicted quicker latency to lapse during the laboratory paradigm. Contrary to expectation, nicotine deprivation did not moderate effects of pain characteristics on withdrawal or lapse/relapse outcomes. Clinical implications include that different pain processes may influence different cessation outcomes, and that smokers in pain may benefit from the provision of pharmacological aids to better control withdrawal symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
26
|
Allen AM, Friedrichsen SC, Petersen N, Allen SS. Subjective response to intranasal nicotine administration in oral contraceptive users and naturally-cycling women. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106043. [PMID: 31310925 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately half of premenopausal women who smoke cigarettes also use hormonal contraceptives, with most using oral contraceptives (OCs). While research on the effects of endogenous hormones on smoking-related outcomes continues to expand, little is known about the influence of OCs on similar outcomes. We sought to explore differences in the subjective response to nicotine by OC use after stratifying by testing condition (e.g., smoking status). METHODS Participants were regular (≥5 cigarettes/day) smokers, classified into OC and naturally cycling (NC) groups. All participants completed four total lab sessions by smoking status (ad libitum smoking, acute smoking abstinence) and anticipated progesterone level (low progesterone week (LPW), high progesterone week (HPW)). Each lab session included self-administration of intranasal nicotine (Time 0 min), assessment of subjective response via the Subjective State Scale (-30 and + 5 min). RESULTS Compared to the NC group (n = 28), the OC group (n = 14) was younger (26.2 ± 1.1 versus 24.2 ± 1.1; p < 0.001) and had a lower Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score (3.4 ± 0.5 versus 2.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.011). Progesterone-to-estradiol ratios varied significantly by group at three of the four time points (p < 0.05). During ad libitum smoking, the OC group had significantly lower craving after nicotine administration than the NC group (1.93 ± 0.33 versus 2.89 ± 0.23; p = 0.024). No other significant differences in subjective response were identified. CONCLUSIONS Despite significantly different hormone levels, group differences in subjective response to nicotine were relatively few. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these observations, as well as explore how they may influence cessation in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Allen
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 3950 South Country Club Drive, Suite 330, Tucson, AZ 85714-2238, USA.
| | | | - Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
| | - Sharon S Allen
- Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Room A682, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cortland CI, Shapiro JR, Guzman IY, Ray LA. The ironic effects of stigmatizing smoking: combining stereotype threat theory with behavioral pharmacology. Addiction 2019; 114:1842-1848. [PMID: 31140666 DOI: 10.1111/add.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Public service announcements often create media messages intended to stigmatize negative behaviors to reduce and prevent these behaviors. Drawing on social and cognitive psychology, we hypothesize that stigmatizing messages can create stereotype threat would be associated with shorter latency to first cigarette in the laboratory compared to the control condition. DESIGN A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in which participants completed two smoking lapse tasks, one at baseline and one post-intervention/control. SETTING An experimental psychopharmacology laboratory in the western United States. PARTICIPANTS A community sample of non-treatment-seeking daily smokers (n = 77) received either a stereotype threat (n = 39) or neutral/control (n = 38) message. INTERVENTION Participants received either a stereotype threat message that stigmatized smoking or a control message. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was participants' ability to delay smoking during the smoking lapse task in the experimental session FINDINGS: The difference in delay time during the experimental session at the point where 50% of each group had smoked was 3 minutes. Cox proportional hazard models revealed that participants in the stereotype threat group were significantly less able to delay initiating smoking compared to the control group (hazard ratio = 0.504, P = 0.010, 95% confidence interval = 0.30, 0.85), after controlling for baseline latency to smoke. CONCLUSIONS Messages that elicit negative stereotypes of smokers operated as 'smoking-promoting messages' in the context of our controlled laboratory investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa I Cortland
- Department of Psychology, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenessa R Shapiro
- Department of Psychology, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Iris Y Guzman
- Department of Psychology, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee AM, Calarco CA, McKee SA, Mineur YS, Picciotto MR. Variability in nicotine conditioned place preference and stress-induced reinstatement in mice: Effects of sex, initial chamber preference, and guanfacine. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12601. [PMID: 31364813 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Relapse to smoking occurs at higher rates in women compared with men, especially when triggered by stress. Studies suggest that sex-specific interactions between nicotine reward and stress contribute to these sex differences. Accordingly, novel treatment options targeting stress pathways, such as guanfacine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, may provide sex-sensitive therapeutic effects. Preclinical studies are critical for elucidating neurobiological mechanisms of stress-induced relapse and potential therapies, but rodent models of nicotine addiction are often hindered by large behavioral variability. In this study, we used nicotine conditioned place preference to investigate stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine preference in male and female mice, and the effects of guanfacine on this behavior. Our results showed that overall, nicotine induced significant place preference acquisition and swim stress-induced reinstatement in both male and female mice, but with different nicotine dose-response patterns. In addition, we explored the variability in nicotine-dependent behaviors with median split analyses and found that initial chamber preference in each sex differentially accounted for variability in stress-induced reinstatement. In groups that showed significant stress-induced reinstatement, pretreatment with guanfacine attenuated this behavior. Finally, we evaluated neuronal activation by Arc immunoreactivity in the infralimbic cortex, prelimbic cortex, anterior insula, basolateral amygdala, lateral central amygdala and nucleus accumbens core and shell. Guanfacine induced sex-dependent changes in Arc immunoreactivity in the infralimbic cortex and anterior insula. This study demonstrates sex-dependent relationships between initial chamber preference and stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine conditioned place preference, and the effects of guanfacine on both behavior and neurobiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Cali A Calarco
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boo S, Oh H. Women's Smoking: Relationships Among Emotional Labor, Occupational Stress, and Health Promotion. Workplace Health Saf 2019; 67:361-370. [PMID: 30827203 DOI: 10.1177/2165079918823214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Call centers in Korea have been found to be operated mainly by women, and they experience high levels of job-related stress. Compared with the general population, the prevalence of smoking among women in Korea's call centers is strikingly high. Little attention has been paid to the associations between smoking behavior and their emotional labor, occupational stress, and health-promotion behaviors. For this cross-sectional study, a paper-based survey was conducted in a sample of female employees in a credit card call center (N = 309). Among the participants, about 20% (n = 62) were current smokers. Smokers were less engaged in health-promotion behaviors than nonsmokers, and occupational stress was negatively associated with health-promoting behaviors in nonsmokers, but not in smokers. Smokers may use cigarettes as a way of alleviating the emotional burden of their work.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liautaud MM, Leventhal AM, Pang RD. Happiness as a Buffer of the Association Between Dependence and Acute Tobacco Abstinence Effects in African American Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:1215-1222. [PMID: 29059368 PMCID: PMC6121915 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction African American (AA) smokers are at disproportionate risk of tobacco dependence, utilizing smoking to regulate stress, and poor cessation outcomes. Positive emotional traits may function as coping factors that buffer the extent to which dependence increases vulnerability to adverse responses to acute tobacco abstinence (ie, tobacco withdrawal). This laboratory study examined subjective happiness (SH; dispositional orientation towards frequent and intense positive affect [PA] and life satisfaction) as a moderator of the relation between tobacco dependence and subjective and behavioral abstinence effects among AA smokers. Methods AA smokers (N = 420, 39.0% female) completed self-report measures of tobacco dependence and SH followed by two counterbalanced experimental sessions (nonabstinent vs. 16-hour abstinent) involving self-report measures of composite withdrawal, urge to smoke, and mood, and a behavioral smoking task in which participants could: (1) earn money to delay smoking reinstatement, and (2) subsequently purchase cigarettes to smoke. Results Tobacco dependence was positively associated with increased abstinence effects in composite withdrawal, urge to smoke, PA, and latency to smoking reinstatement (ps < .04). SH significantly moderated the relation between dependence and abstinence-induced increases in composite withdrawal (β = -.17, p < .001), such that the predictive power of dependence on withdrawal severity grew proportionately weaker as levels of SH increased. Conclusions SH may insulate against adverse effects of dependence on withdrawal during acute smoking abstinence, particularly withdrawal symptom clusters that are craving- and mood-based. Consideration of positive emotional traits as stress-coping factors in the dependence-withdrawal link may be warranted in research and practice with AA smokers. Implications The current study contributes to a growing body of literature examining the potentially advantageous role of positive emotional traits to smokers. We do so by identifying a relatively understudied psychological construct within tobacco research-subjective happiness-that may suppress the extent to which more severe tobacco dependence increases risk for subjective withdrawal-related distress during acute smoking abstinence in AA smokers. In doing so, the study provides a primer for future targeting of subjective happiness and other positive emotional traits as means to understand and treat acute tobacco abstinence effects among dependent AA smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn M Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lemieux AM, Nakajima M, Saif-Ali R, Al-Habori M, Dokam A, al'Absi M. Anger, anxiety, and depressive affect as predictors of stress-induced cortisol production in khat and tobacco users. Addict Behav 2018; 82:195-201. [PMID: 29551550 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoid activity is disrupted in substance users including khat chewers who also use tobacco. Anger, dysphoria, and anxiety can mediate this relationship. The aim of this study was to contrast emotion dysregulation and substance use variables as predictors of post-stress cortisol output. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comparable numbers of males (n = 90) and females (n = 85) including controls, khat only, and concurrent khat and tobacco users participated in a stress study. Depressive affect, anxiety, anger, substance use patterns, and saliva samples were collected following a standardized laboratory stress manipulation. RESULTS Regression analysis showed that high depression and low anxiety was associated with high post-stress cortisol, but only in co-users of tobacco and khat. Males, but not females, showed a significant association between co-use of khat and tobacco and cortisol, which appears to be mediated by frequency of use. The link between anxiety and post-stress cortisol in the co-users remained significant after controlling for nicotine dependence and substance use frequency. CONCLUSION Anxiety predicted the neuroendocrine consequences of concurrent use of tobacco and khat above and beyond sex, nicotine dependence, anger, and substance use frequency. Sex differences, however, are related to differences in nicotine dependence.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Prevalence of cigarette smoking among opioid-dependent individuals is 6-fold that of the general U.S. adult population and their quit rates are notoriously poor. One possible reason for the modest cessation outcomes in opioid-dependent smokers may be that they experience more severe tobacco withdrawal upon quitting. In this secondary analysis, we evaluated tobacco withdrawal in opioid-dependent (OD) smokers versus smokers without co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs). Participants were 47 methadone- or buprenorphine-maintained smokers and 25 non-SUD smokers who completed 1 of several 2-week studies involving daily visits for biochemical monitoring, delivery of financial incentives contingent on smoking abstinence, and assessment of withdrawal via the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS). Prior to quitting smoking, OD smokers presented with higher baseline withdrawal scores than non-SUD smokers (1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2, respectively; F[1, 63] = 7.31, p < .001). Withdrawal scores in both groups decreased over the subsequent 2-week period with no group differences, F(1, 910) = 0.50, p = .48. A similar pattern was observed on craving (i.e., Desire to Smoke item of MNWS), although the trajectory of decrease over time on this item was also moderated by gender. Overall, there was no difference in withdrawal during biochemically verified smoking abstinence between OD and non-SUD smokers, suggesting that elevated withdrawal severity following quitting may not be a major factor contributing to the poor cessation outcomes consistently observed among OD smokers. Further scientific efforts are needed to improve our understanding of the high smoking rates and modest cessation outcomes in this challenging population. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Streck
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont
| | - Sarah H. Heil
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont
| | - Stephen T. Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont
| | | | - Stacey C. Sigmon
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ovarian Hormones and Transdermal Nicotine Administration Independently and Synergistically Suppress Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms and Smoking Reinstatement in the Human Laboratory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:828-837. [PMID: 28905874 PMCID: PMC5809791 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modeling intra-individual fluctuations in estradiol and progesterone may provide unique insight into the effects of ovarian hormones on the etiology and treatment of nicotine dependence. This randomized placebo-controlled laboratory study tested the independent and interactive effects of intra-individual ovarian hormone variation and nicotine on suppression of tobacco withdrawal symptoms and smoking behavior. Female smokers randomized to 21 mg nicotine (TNP; n=37) or placebo (PBO; n=43) transdermal patch following overnight abstinence completed three sessions occurring during hormonally distinct menstrual cycle phases. At each session, participants provided saliva for hormone assays and completed repeated self-report measures (ie, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, smoking urge, and negative affect (NA)) followed by an analog smoking reinstatement task for which participants could earn money to delay smoking and subsequently purchase cigarettes to smoke. Higher (vs lower) progesterone levels were associated with greater reductions in NA. Higher (vs lower) progesterone levels and progesterone to estradiol ratios were associated with reducing smoking urges over time to a greater extent with TNP compared to PBO. There was an interaction between Patch and estradiol on NA. With TNP, higher-than-usual estradiol was associated with greater decreases in NA. However with PBO, lower-than-usual estradiol was associated with greater decreases in NA. These results suggest that the effects of TNP on mood- and smoking-related outcomes may vary depending on the ovarian hormone levels.
Collapse
|
34
|
MacIntyre JM, Ruscio AC, Brede E, Waters AJ. Emotion dysregulation and negative affect: Laboratory and EMA investigations in smokers. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 7:65-70. [PMID: 29687075 PMCID: PMC5910452 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with addictive behaviors, including smoking. Difficulties in emotion regulation may underlie large, rapid changes in negative affect that can increase likelihood of relapse. We investigated the association between emotion regulation ability and negative affect in smokers assessed both in the laboratory and in the field using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Methods Adult community smokers (N = 44) carried a personal digital assistant (PDA) for two weeks and were instructed to complete assessments of negative affect multiple times per day. Participants were instructed that they could smoke as much or as little as they liked. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were completed at three lab visits. Results Participants with higher average DERS scores reported greater negative affect at lab visits. When a participant reported a DERS score at a lab visit higher than their individual average, they also reported higher negative affect at that lab visit. Participants with higher baseline DERS scores reported more labile negative affect during EMA than those with lower baseline DERS scores, and they also reported a higher maximum level of negative affect during EMA. Discussion and conclusions Overall, the findings suggest that changes in emotion regulation are associated with negative affect and that emotion regulation ability is related to both the intensity and lability of negative affect. A better understanding of momentary changes in emotion regulation and negative affect may lead to improved interventions for preventing substance use relapse. Emotion regulation show variability, and changes in emotion regulation are associated with changes in negative affect Emotion regulation ability is associated with the intensity of negative affect assessed using EMA Emotion regulation ability is associated with the lability of negative affect assessed using EMA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M MacIntyre
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Aimee C Ruscio
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Emily Brede
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Andrew J Waters
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
King AC, Smith LJ, McNamara PJ, Cao D. Second Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Vape Pen Exposure Generalizes as a Smoking Cue. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:246-252. [PMID: 28082323 PMCID: PMC7207065 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Second generation electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; also known as e-cigarettes, vaporizers or vape pens) are designed for a customized nicotine delivery experience and have less resemblance to regular cigarettes than first generation "cigalikes." The present study examined whether they generalize as a conditioned cue and evoke smoking urges or behavior in persons exposed to their use. Methods Data were analyzed in N = 108 young adult smokers (≥5 cigarettes per week) randomized to either a traditional combustible cigarette smoking cue or a second generation ENDS vaping cue in a controlled laboratory setting. Cigarette and e-cigarette urge and desire were assessed pre- and post-cue exposure. Smoking behavior was also explored in a subsample undergoing a smoking latency phase after cue exposure (N = 26). Results The ENDS vape pen cue evoked both urge and desire for a regular cigarette to a similar extent as that produced by the combustible cigarette cue. Both cues produced similar time to initiate smoking during the smoking latency phase. The ENDS vape pen cue elicited smoking urge and desire regardless of ENDS use history, that is, across ENDS naїve, lifetime or current users. Inclusion of past ENDS or cigarette use as covariates did not significantly alter the results. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that observation of vape pen ENDS use generalizes as a conditioned cue to produce smoking urge, desire, and behavior in young adult smokers. As the popularity of these devices may eventually overtake those of first generation ENDS cigalikes, exposure effects will be of increasing importance. Implications This study shows that passive exposure to a second generation ENDS vape pen cue evoked smoking urge, desire, and behavior across a range of daily and non-daily young adult smokers. Smoking urge and desire increases after vape pen exposure were similar to those produced by exposure to a first generation ENDS cigalike and a combustible cigarette, a known potent cue. Given the increasing popularity of ENDS tank system products, passive exposures to these devices will no doubt increase, and may contribute to tobacco use in young adult smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | - Lia J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | - Patrick J McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | - Dingcai Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Riley AL, Hempel BJ, Clasen MM. Sex as a biological variable: Drug use and abuse. Physiol Behav 2017; 187:79-96. [PMID: 29030249 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of sex as a biological variable is a necessary emphasis across a wide array of endpoints, including basic neuroscience, medicine, mental health, physiology and behavior. The present review summarizes work from clinical and preclinical populations on sex differences in drug use and abuse, ranging from initiation to escalation/dysregulation and from drug cessation/abstinence to relapse. These differences are analyzed in the context of the addiction cycle conceptualization of Koob and his colleagues and address patterns of drug use (binge/intoxication), motivation underlying its use (withdrawal/negative affect) and likelihood and causes of craving and relapse of drug taking (preoccupation/anticipation). Following this overview, an assessment of the basis for the reported sex differences is discussed in the context of the affective (rewarding and aversive) properties of drugs of abuse and how such properties and their balance vary with sex and contribute to drug intake. Finally, the interaction of sex with several experiential (drug history) and subject (age) factors and how these interactions affect reward and aversion are discussed to highlight the importance of understanding such interactions in predicting drug use and abuse. We note that sex as a biological variable remains one of critical evaluation and that such investigations of sex differences in drug use and abuse continue and be expanded to assess all facets of their mediation, including these affective properties, how their balance may be impacted by the multiple conditions under which drugs are taken and how this overall balance affects drug use and addiction vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
| | - Briana J Hempel
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Matthew M Clasen
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Weinberger AH, Smith PH, Funk AP, Rabin S, Shuter J. Sex Differences in Tobacco Use Among Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 74:439-453. [PMID: 28002182 PMCID: PMC5321840 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) smoke at higher rates than other adults and experience HIV-related and non-HIV-related adverse smoking consequences. This study conducted a systematic review to synthesize current knowledge about sex differences in smoking behaviors among PLWH. METHODS Over 3000 abstracts from MEDLINE were reviewed and 79 publications met all the review inclusion criteria (ie, reported data on smoking behaviors for PLWH by sex). Sufficient data were available to conduct a meta-analysis for one smoking variable: current smoking prevalence. RESULTS Across studies (n = 51), the meta-analytic prevalence of current smoking among female PLWH was 36.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.0% to 45.4%) and male PLWH was 50.3% (95% CI: 44.4% to 56.2%; meta-analytic odds ratio = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.45). When analyses were repeated just on the US studies (n = 23), the prevalence of current smoking was not significantly different for female PLWH (55.1%, 95% CI: 47.6% to 62.5%) compared with male PLWH (55.5%, 95% CI: 48.2% to 62.5%; meta-analytic odds ratio = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.26). Few studies reported data by sex for other smoking variables (eg, quit attempts, noncigarette tobacco product use) and results for many variables were mixed. DISCUSSION Unlike the general US population, there was no difference in smoking prevalence for female versus male PLWH (both >50%) indicating that HIV infection status was associated with a greater relative increase in smoking for women than men. More research is needed in all areas of smoking behavior of PLWH to understand similarities and differences by sex to provide the best interventions to reduce the high smoking prevalence for all sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- *Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY; †Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ‡Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY; §Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY; ‖Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, NY; and ¶AIDS Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Choi JS, Payne TJ, Ma JZ, Li MD. Relationship between Personality Traits and Nicotine Dependence in Male and Female Smokers of African-American and European-American Samples. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:122. [PMID: 28769824 PMCID: PMC5513910 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Personality characteristics are linked to nicotine dependence (ND). It remains unclear whether these factors differ across African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) male and female smokers. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between personality traits and smoking status, as well as the degree of ND, in AA and EA male and female samples. METHODS A total of 5,040 participants (AA: N = 3,737, female = 54.31%; EA: N = 1,313, female = 64.51%) were included in this study, with 2,474 smokers and 2,566 non-smokers. The measures used in this study included five dimensions of personality by the NEO-personality inventory-revised (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness), Fagerström test for ND, and drive subscale of the ND Syndrome Scale (NDSS). RESULTS In the AA sample, neuroticism was significantly associated with a higher risk of smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.057; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.032, 1.083; p < 0.0001], and conscientiousness was significantly associated with decreased risk of smoking (OR = 0.936; 95% CI 0.912, 0.961; p < 0.0001). In the EA sample, higher neuroticism was associated with increased risk of being a current smoker (OR = 1.058; 95% CI 1.013, 1.104; p = 0.0105). Furthermore, we found that a lower level of neuroticism and higher level of conscientiousness were associated with the severity of ND in both the AA and EA samples and a broader range of personality factors were involved in predicting the severity of ND in the AA samples. However, no differential association was detected between male and female smokers of both AA and EA samples. CONCLUSION There exist differential relationships between personality traits and the severity of ND in the AA and EA samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomas J Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ming D Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Weinberger AH, Platt J, Shuter J, Goodwin RD. Gender differences in self-reported withdrawal symptoms and reducing or quitting smoking three years later: A prospective, longitudinal examination of U.S. adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 165:253-9. [PMID: 27350655 PMCID: PMC4966547 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about gender differences in withdrawal symptoms among smokers in the community. This study used longitudinal epidemiologic data to examine gender differences in current smokers' report of withdrawal symptoms during past quit attempts and the relationship between withdrawal symptoms and the odds of reducing or quitting smoking three years later. METHODS Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; Wave 1, 2001-2001, n=43,093; Wave 2, 2004-2005, n=34,653). Analyses were conducted on respondents who reported current daily cigarette smoking at Wave 1 (n=6911). Withdrawal symptoms during past quit attempts were assessed at Wave 1. Current smoking status was assessed at Wave 2. RESULTS Wave 1 current smoking women, compared to men, were more likely to endorse any withdrawal symptoms, withdrawal-related discomfort, and withdrawal-related relapse (ps<0.0001). Women endorsed a greater number of withdrawal symptoms than men (M=2.37, SE=0.05 versus M=1.78, SE=0.04; p<0.0001). The odds of reducing and quitting smoking were significantly lower for respondents who reported any Wave 1 withdrawal symptoms, withdrawal-related discomfort, and withdrawal-related relapse. These relationships did not differ for women versus men. Among men, the odds of reducing smoking at Wave 2 decreased significantly with each cumulative withdrawal symptom compared to women (β interaction=0.87; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Women were more likely to report withdrawal while the relationship between withdrawal symptoms and decreased likelihood of reducing smoking was stronger in men. Identifying gender differences in withdrawal can help develop strategies to help reduce withdrawal for both men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461 USA,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Jonathan Platt
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Jonathan Shuter
- AIDS Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Renee D. Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA,Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, NY 11367 USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pang RD, Bello MS, Stone MD, Kirkpatrick MG, Huh J, Monterosso J, Haselton MG, Fales MR, Leventhal AM. Premenstrual symptoms and smoking-related expectancies. Addict Behav 2016; 57:38-41. [PMID: 26869196 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given that prior research implicates smoking abstinence in increased premenstrual symptoms, tobacco withdrawal, and smoking behaviors, it is possible that women with more severe premenstrual symptoms have stronger expectancies about the effects of smoking and abstaining from smoking on mood and withdrawal. However, such relations have not been previously explored. This study examined relations between premenstrual symptoms experienced in the last month and expectancies that abstaining from smoking results in withdrawal (i.e., smoking abstinence withdrawal expectancies), that smoking is pleasurable (i.e., positive reinforcement smoking expectancies), and smoking relieves negative mood (i.e., negative reinforcement smoking expectancies). In a cross-sectional design, 97 non-treatment seeking women daily smokers completed self-report measures of smoking reinforcement expectancies, smoking abstinence withdrawal expectancies, premenstrual symptoms, mood symptoms, and nicotine dependence. Affect premenstrual symptoms were associated with increased negative reinforcement smoking expectancies, but not over and above covariates. Affect and pain premenstrual symptoms were associated with increased positive reinforcement smoking expectancies, but only affect premenstrual symptoms remained significant in adjusted models. Affect, pain, and water retention premenstrual symptoms were associated with increased smoking abstinence withdrawal expectancies, but only affect premenstrual symptoms remained significant in adjusted models. Findings from this study suggest that addressing concerns about withdrawal and alternatives to smoking may be particularly important in women who experience more severe premenstrual symptoms, especially affect-related changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mariel S Bello
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Stone
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Monterosso
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martie G Haselton
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa R Fales
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zvolensky MJ, Farris SG, Kotov R, Schechter CB, Bromet E, Gonzalez A, Vujanovic A, Pietrzak RH, Crane M, Kaplan J, Moline J, Southwick SM, Feder A, Udasin I, Reissman DB, Luft BJ. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and smoking among World Trade Center disaster responders: A longitudinal investigation. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 63:46-54. [PMID: 26555491 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current longitudinal study examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity in relation to smoking abstinence and reduction over time among responders to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster. METHOD Participants were 763 police and 1881 non-traditional (e.g., construction workers) WTC responders who reported being smokers at an initial examination obtained between July 2002 and July 2011 at the WTC Health Program (WTC-HP). WTC responders were reassessed, on average, 2.5 years later. RESULTS For police WTC responders, higher levels of WTC-related PTSD symptoms at the initial visit were associated with a decreased likelihood of smoking abstinence (OR=0.98, p=.002) and with decreased smoking reduction (β=-.06, p=.012) at the follow-up visit. WTC-related PTSD symptom severity was not related to likelihood of smoking abstinence or change in number of cigarettes smoked among non-traditional responders. Post hoc analyses suggested that for police, hyperarousal PTSD symptoms were predictive of decreased abstinence likelihood at the follow-up visit (OR=0.56, p=.006). DISCUSSION The present findings suggest that PTSD symptoms may be differentially related to smoking behavior among police and non-traditional WTC responders in a naturalistic, longitudinal investigation. Future work may benefit from exploring further which aspects of PTSD (as compared to each other and to common variance) explain smoking maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Samantha G Farris
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Clyde B Schechter
- Department of Family & Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Adam Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Anka Vujanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael Crane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julia Kaplan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacqueline Moline
- Department of Population Health, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Great Neck, NY, United States
| | - Steven M Southwick
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Adriana Feder
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iris Udasin
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | | | - Benjamin J Luft
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Aguirre CG, Bello MS, Andrabi N, Pang RD, Hendricks PS, Bluthenthal RN, Leventhal AM. Gender, Ethnicity, and Their Intersectionality in the Prediction of Smoking Outcome Expectancies in Regular Cigarette Smokers. Behav Modif 2015; 40:281-302. [PMID: 26438665 DOI: 10.1177/0145445515608146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study utilized the intersectionality framework to explore whether smoking outcome expectancies (i.e., cognitions about the anticipated effects of smoking) were predicted by gender and ethnicity, and the gender-by-ethnicity interaction. In a cross-sectional design, daily smokers from the general community (32.2% women; non-Hispanic African American [n = 175], non-Hispanic White [n = 109], or Hispanic [n = 26]) completed self-report measures on smoking expectancies and other co-factors. Results showed that women reported greater negative reinforcement (i.e., anticipated smoking-induced negative affect reduction) and weight control (i.e., anticipated smoking-induced appetite/weight suppression) expectancies than men. Hispanic (vs. African American or White) smokers endorsed greater negative reinforcement expectancies. A gender-by-ethnicity interaction was found for weight control expectancies, such that White women reported greater weight control expectancies than White men, but no gender differences among African American and Hispanic smokers were found. These findings suggest that gender, ethnicity, and their intersectionality should be considered in research on cognitive mechanisms that may contribute to tobacco-related health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Aguirre
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mariel S Bello
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nafeesa Andrabi
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Adam M Leventhal
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fattore L. Reward processing and drug addiction: does sex matter? Front Neurosci 2015; 9:329. [PMID: 26483620 PMCID: PMC4586272 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Fattore
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council-Italy, and Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Dependence," Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Weinberger AH, Smith PH, Allen SS, Cosgrove KP, Saladin ME, Gray KM, Mazure CM, Wetherington CL, McKee SA. Systematic and meta-analytic review of research examining the impact of menstrual cycle phase and ovarian hormones on smoking and cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 17:407-21. [PMID: 25762750 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the effect of ovarian hormones on smoking, we conducted a systematic review of menstrual cycle effects on smoking (i.e., ad lib smoking, smoking topography, and subjective effects) and cessation-related behaviors (i.e., cessation, withdrawal, tonic craving, and cue-induced craving). METHODS Thirty-six papers were identified on MEDLINE that included a menstrual-related search term (e.g., menstrual cycle, ovarian hormones), a smoking-related search term (e.g., smoking, nicotine), and met all inclusion criteria. Thirty-two studies examined menstrual phase, 1 study measured hormone levels, and 3 studies administered progesterone. RESULTS Sufficient data were available to conduct meta-analyses for only 2 of the 7 variables: withdrawal and tonic craving. Women reported greater withdrawal during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase, and there was a nonsignificant trend for greater tonic craving in the luteal phase. Progesterone administration was associated with decreased positive and increased negative subjective effects of nicotine. Studies of menstrual phase effects on the other outcome variables were either small in number or yielded mixed outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The impact of menstrual cycle phase on smoking behavior and cessation is complicated, and insufficient research is available upon which to conduct meta-analyses on most smoking outcomes. Future progress will require collecting ovarian hormone levels to more precisely quantify the impact of dynamic changes in hormone levels through the cycle on smoking behavior. Clarifying the relationship between hormones and smoking-particularly related to quitting, relapse, and medication response-could determine the best type and timing of interventions to improve quit rates for women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip H Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sharon S Allen
- Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael E Saladin
- Departments of Psychiatry, Diagnostic Radiology, and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Departments of Health Sciences and Research and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cora Lee Wetherington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Aguirre CG, Madrid J, Leventhal AM. Tobacco withdrawal symptoms mediate motivation to reinstate smoking during abstinence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 124:623-34. [PMID: 25961814 PMCID: PMC4573778 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Withdrawal-based theories of addiction hypothesize that motivation to reinstate drug use following acute abstinence is mediated by withdrawal symptoms. Experimental tests of this hypothesis in the tobacco literature are scant and may be subject to methodological limitations. This study utilized a robust within-subject laboratory experimental design to investigate the extent to which composite tobacco withdrawal symptomatology level and 3 unique withdrawal components (i.e., low positive affect, negative affect, and urge to smoke) mediated the effect of smoking abstinence on motivation to reinstate smoking. Smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day; N = 286) attended 2 counterbalanced sessions at which abstinence duration was differentially manipulated (1 hr vs. 17 hr). At both sessions, participants reported current withdrawal symptoms and subsequently completed a task in which they were monetarily rewarded proportional to the length of time they delayed initiating smoking, with shorter latency reflecting stronger motivation to reinstate smoking. Abstinence reduced latency to smoking initiation and positive affect and increased composite withdrawal symptom level, urge, and negative affect. Abstinence-induced reductions in latency to initiating smoking were mediated by each withdrawal component, with stronger effects operating through urge. Combined analyses suggested that urge, negative affect, and low positive affect operate through empirically unique mediational pathways. Secondary analyses suggested similar effects on smoking quantity, few differences among specific urge and affect subtypes, and that dependence amplifies some abstinence effects. This study provides the first experimental evidence that within-person variation in abstinence impacts motivation to reinstate drug use through withdrawal. Urge, negative affect, and low positive affect may reflect unique withdrawal-mediated mechanisms underlying tobacco addiction.
Collapse
|
46
|
Indirect effects of smoking motives on adolescent anger dysregulation and smoking. Addict Behav 2014; 39:1831-8. [PMID: 25128636 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of disease and death in the United States, and smoking typically begins in adolescence. It is therefore important to understand factors that relate to increased risk for cigarette smoking during this stage of development. Adolescence is a period when emotion regulatory capacities are still emerging and a common affective state to be regulated is anger, which adult research has linked to nicotine use. Drawing from work suggesting that negative affect reduction motives are one of the most common reasons for cigarette smoking, the current study was designed to evaluate the indirect effects of negative affect reduction motives on the relation between anger dysregulation and nicotine use within a sample of 119 treatment-seeking adolescents enrolled in group-based residential therapy. Results were generally consistent with hypotheses, suggesting significant indirect effects of negative affect reduction smoking motives on the relation between anger dysregulation and smoking outcomes. Findings are discussed in terms of negative affect reduction motives for cigarette use in the context of anger regulation among youths.
Collapse
|
47
|
Langdon KJ, Leventhal AM. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and tobacco abstinence effects in a non-clinical sample: evaluating the mediating role of negative affect reduction smoking expectancies. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:1009-17. [PMID: 25142407 PMCID: PMC4407802 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114546708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relation between posttraumatic stress symptoms and smoking is well documented but poorly understood. The present investigation sought to evaluate the impact of posttraumatic stress symptoms on subjective and behavioral tobacco abstinence effects both directly and indirectly through negative affect reduction smoking outcome expectancies. Participants included 275 (68.7% male; Mage =43.9, 10+ cig/day) adult non-treatment seeking smokers, who attended two counterbalanced laboratory sessions (16 h of smoking deprivation vs ad libitum smoking), during which they completed self-report measures of withdrawal symptoms and mood followed by a smoking lapse task in which they could earn money for delaying smoking and purchase cigarettes to smoke. Results supported a mediational pathway whereby higher baseline symptoms of posttraumatic stress predicted greater endorsement of expectancies that smoking will effectively reduce negative affect, which in turn predicted greater abstinence-provoked exacerbations in nicotine withdrawal symptoms and negative affect. Posttraumatic stress symptoms also predicted number of cigarettes purchased independent of negative affect reduction expectancies, but did not predict delaying smoking for money. Findings highlight tobacco abstinence effects as a putative mechanism underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-smoking comorbidity, indicate an important mediating role of beliefs for smoking-induced negative affect reduction, and shed light on integrated treatment approaches for these two conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J Langdon
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pang RD, Zvolensky MJ, Schmidt NB, Leventhal AM. Gender differences in negative reinforcement smoking expectancies. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 17:750-4. [PMID: 25344957 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that females may be more motivated to smoke for negative reinforcement (NR) than males. However, it remains unclear whether gender differences in smoking outcome expectancies for negative smoking reinforcement-an important theoretical and clinical target defined as beliefs that smoking alleviates negative affect-exist above and beyond gender differences in depression and/or other outcome expectancies. METHODS Relations between gender and negative smoking reinforcement expectancies were examined in two independent samples. Sample 1 consisted of non-treatment seeking daily smokers (Male n = 188; Female n = 91) recruited from Southern California (49.5% Black, 32.2% Caucasian, and 18.3% other race/ethnicity). Sample 2 consisted of treatment seeking daily smokers (Male n = 257; Female n = 237) in Northern Florida and Vermont (10.7% Black, 82.9% Caucasian, and 6.4% other). RESULTS Females (vs. males) reported stronger NR smoking expectancies with and without statistically controlling for nicotine dependence, other smoking expectancies, and anxiety and depression in both samples (βs = .06 to .14, ps = .06 to < .001). CONCLUSIONS Beliefs that smoking alleviates negative affect may reflect a gender-specific etiological process disproportionately prominent in women. Enhancing ability to cope with negative affect without smoking or challenge NR expectancies may be particularly important for cessation treatment in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA;
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Weinberger AH, Smith PH, Kaufman M, McKee SA. Consideration of sex in clinical trials of transdermal nicotine patch: a systematic review. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2014; 22:373-83. [PMID: 25133506 PMCID: PMC4180800 DOI: 10.1037/a0037692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal nicotine patch (TNP) is 1 of the most commonly used smoking cessation treatments; however, the efficacy of TNP by sex is not yet clear. The purpose of the current review was to synthesize how sex has been considered in published clinical trials of TNP for smoking cessation. The specific aims of the study were to examine the inclusion of sex in analyses of cessation outcomes, TNP-related variables (compliance, side effects), and quit-related variables (withdrawal, cravings); to review the consideration of sex-related variables (menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy); and to identify needs for future research. Potential articles published through December 31, 2013 were identified through a MEDLINE search of the terms "clinical trial," "nicotine patch," and "smoking cessation." Forty-two studies used all 3 terms and met the inclusion criteria. Approximately half of the studies reported that they considered sex in smoking cessation outcomes, with 15 studies finding no difference by sex and 7 studies finding better outcomes for men versus women. Only 5 studies reported data on outcomes by sex in their publications. No studies reported analysis of TNP compliance or withdrawal by sex. In the 1 study that examined side effects by sex, more women than men reported discontinuing TNP because of skin irritation. No study examined the association of cessation outcomes with menstrual cycle phase. There is a need to include sex in research on TNP, as well as other pharmacological and behavioral smoking treatments, to clarify the picture of treatment efficacy for women compared with men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Yale Cancer Center
| | - Philip H Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Yale Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brokken LJS, Giwercman YL. Gene-environment interactions in male reproductive health: special reference to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:89-96. [PMID: 24369137 PMCID: PMC3901886 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, there have been numerous reports of adverse effects on the reproductive health of wildlife and laboratory animals caused by exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The increasing trends in human male reproductive disorders and the mounting evidence for causative environmental factors have therefore sparked growing interest in the health threat posed to humans by EDCs, which are substances in our food, environment and consumer items that interfere with hormone action, biosynthesis or metabolism, resulting in disrupted tissue homeostasis or reproductive function. The mechanisms of EDCs involve a wide array of actions and pathways. Examples include the estrogenic, androgenic, thyroid and retinoid pathways, in which the EDCs may act directly as agonists or antagonists, or indirectly via other nuclear receptors. Dioxins and dioxin-like EDCs exert their biological and toxicological actions through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon-receptor, which besides inducing transcription of detoxifying enzymes also regulates transcriptional activity of other nuclear receptors. There is increasing evidence that genetic predispositions may modify the susceptibility to adverse effects of toxic chemicals. In this review, potential consequences of hereditary predisposition and EDCs are discussed, with a special focus on the currently available publications on interactions between dioxin and androgen signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon J S Brokken
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|