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Gadassi-Polack R, Paganini G, Zhang AK, Dworschak C, Silk JS, Kober H, Joormann J. It's a balancing act: The ratio of maladaptive (vs. All) emotion regulation strategies is associated with depression. Behav Res Ther 2024; 180:104600. [PMID: 38950508 PMCID: PMC11323071 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Research on emotion regulation (ER) has increasingly recognized that people use multiple strategies simultaneously, often referred to as ER repertoire. Prior research found that ER repertoire is associated with psychopathology, but results have been mixed. Indeed, research from recent years suggests that it is the quality of ERs, more than their quantity, that needs to be considered. Based on the combination of the literatures on ER repertoire, polyregulation, and ER flexibility, we propose a novel metric: the ratio of using putatively maladaptive (vs. all) ER strategies. Using this metric, we examine (1) maladaptive ER ratio changes during the transition to adolescence, a developmental period in which the prevalence of depression sharply increases, and (2) whether changes in maladaptive ER ratio are associated with depressive symptoms. One-hundred and thirty-nine youths (baseline age: 8-15) reported ER strategies and depression daily for 21 days. One year later, 115 completed another 28-day daily-diary (Nassessments = 5631). Our results show that almost all youth use at least some maladaptive ERs. Importantly, maladaptive ER ratio decreases over a year of adolescence for most youths. Conversely, an increased maladaptive ER ratio predicted depression increases on the daily and on the yearly level. These results shed light on typical and atypical development of ER flexibility and emphasize the need to consider the balance between ERs in relation to psychopathology.
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Kim S, Hwang J, Lee JH, Park J, Kim HJ, Son Y, Oh H, Smith L, Kang J, Fond G, Boyer L, Rahmati M, Tully MA, Pizzol D, Udeh R, Lee J, Lee H, Lee S, Yon DK. Psychosocial alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global burden of anxiety and major depressive disorders in adolescents, 1990-2021: challenges in mental health amid socioeconomic disparities. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-024-00837-8. [PMID: 39162949 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a global health crisis, profoundly impacted all aspects of daily life. Adolescence, a pivotal stage of psychological and social development, is heavily influenced by the psychosocial and socio-cultural context. Hence, it is imperative to thoroughly understand the psychosocial changes adolescents experienced during the pandemic and implement effective management initiatives. DATA SOURCES We examined the incidence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents aged 10-19 years globally and regionally. We utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 to compare pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic (2020-2021) periods. Our investigation covered 204 countries and territories across the six World Health Organization regions. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar, employing search terms such as "psychosocial", "adolescent", "youth", "risk factors", "COVID-19 pandemic", "prevention", and "intervention". RESULTS During the pandemic, the mental health outcomes of adolescents deteriorated, particularly in terms of depressive and anxiety disorders. According to GBD 2021, the incidence rate of anxiety disorders increased from 720.26 [95% uncertainty intervals (UI) = 548.90-929.19] before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) to 880.87 per 100,000 people (95% UI = 670.43-1132.58) during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Similarly, the incidence rate of major depressive disorder increased from 2333.91 (95% UI = 1626.92-3138.55) before the COVID-19 pandemic to 3030.49 per 100,000 people (95% UI = 2096.73-4077.73) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This worsening was notably pronounced in high-income countries (HICs). Rapid environmental changes, including heightened social anxiety, school closures, economic crises, and exacerbated racism, have been shown to adversely affect the mental well-being of adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The abrupt shift to remote learning and the absence of in-person social interactions heightened feelings of loneliness, anxiety, sadness, and stress among adolescents. This change magnified existing socioeconomic disparities, posing additional challenges. These complexities profoundly impact adolescents' well-being, especially vulnerable groups like those from HICs, females, and minorities. Acknowledging the underreporting bias in low- to middle-income countries highlights the importance of addressing these mental health alterations in assessments and interventions within these regions as well. Urgent interventions are crucial as the pandemic-induced mental stress may have lasting effects on adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Hwang
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Lee
- Health and Human Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yejun Son
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jiseung Kang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Health Unit Eni, Maputo, Mozambique
- Health Unit, Eni, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Raphael Udeh
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University College of Electronics and Information, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University College of Electronics and Information, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sooji Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Dragone M, Colella A, Esposito C, Bacchini D. Exploring the effect of environmental sensitivity on emotional fluctuations among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a three-wave longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1443054. [PMID: 39105152 PMCID: PMC11298977 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1443054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the emotional well-being of adolescents worldwide. Some studies suggested that individuals with high Environmental Sensitivity may have been more likely to experience poor psychological adjustment during the pandemic than those with lower sensitivity. However, there is still limited research on how emotional responses varied across different stages of the pandemic and whether Environmental Sensitivity increased adolescents' vulnerability to the psychological impact of prolonged pandemic restrictions. Methods To address this gap, this study used a three-year longitudinal design (2020-2022) with a sample of 453 adolescents. They completed an online survey measuring their positive and negative emotions throughout the pandemic period, with Environmental Sensitivity considered a time-invariant covariate. Results The results revealed that all participants, regardless of their level of Environmental Sensitivity, experienced a decrease in positive emotionality between the first and second years. However, this trend reversed, showing an increase between the second and third years. Regarding negative emotions, highly sensitive adolescents experienced a significant linear increase over time. In contrast, low-and medium-sensitive adolescents exhibited a quadratic trend, with a notable increase in negative emotions between the first and second years, followed by a slight decrease between the second and third years. Discussion These findings provide further evidence of the negative impact of the pandemic on adolescents' emotional well-being. They also support the notion that Environmental Sensitivity is associated with individuals' ability to respond and adjust to adverse life events, with significant implications for future research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Dragone
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colella
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Esposito
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Polack RG, Zhang A, Kober H, Joormann J, Benisty H. Back to Normal? Harnessing Long Short-term Memory Network to Examine the Associations Between Adolescent Social Interactions and Depressive Symptoms During Different Stages of COVID-19. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01208-7. [PMID: 38922462 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period in which social interactions are critical for mental health. While the onset of COVID-19 significantly disrupted adolescents' social environments and mental health, it remains unclear how adolescents have adapted to later stages of the pandemic. We harnessed a machine learning architecture of Long Short-Term Memory recurrent networks (LSTM) with gradient-based feature importance, to model the association among daily social interactions and depressive symptoms during three stages of the pandemic. A year before COVID-19, 148 adolescents reported social interactions and depressive symptoms, every day for 21 days. One hundred sixteen of these youths completed a 28-day diary after schools closed due to COVID-19. Seventy-nine of these youths and additional 116 new participants completed a 28-day diary approximately a year into the pandemic. Our results show that LSTM successfully predicted depressive symptoms from at least a week of social interactions for all three waves (r2 > .70). Our study shows the utility of using an analytic approach that can identify temporal and nonlinear pathways through which social interactions may confer risk for depression. Our unique analysis of the importance of input features enabled us to interpret the association between social interactions and depressive symptoms. Collectively, we observed a return to pre-pandemic patterns a year into the pandemic, with reduced gender and age differences during the pandemic closures. This pattern suggests that the system of social influences in adolescence was affected by COVID-19, and that this effect was attenuated in more chronic stages of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuma Gadassi Polack
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
| | - Adam Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Hadas Benisty
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
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Gupta M, Sarangi R, Sharma S, Patnaik L. Mental health issues and lifestyle changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents: A cross-sectional study in selected schools of Eastern India. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:80. [PMID: 38559482 PMCID: PMC10979783 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_392_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), adolescents from all over the world have higher rates of anxiety, depression, and stress. This study attempts to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health and lifestyle issues. The study also focuses on coping strategies adopted by the participants during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a cross-sectional study performed among school-going adolescents studying from classes VII to X of selected schools in Bhubaneswar. A semi-structured questionnaire was formed and validated by faculty members of the Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Community Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, to obtain a detailed history regarding lifestyle changes, mental health issues, and coping strategies. Randomly, three schools were selected in Bhubaneswar. Permission from the principal, informed written consent from parents, and assent from students were obtained before the study. A total of 711 participants were enrolled in the study. All data were entered in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26. RESULTS Middle and high school students also experienced lifestyle changes; however, it was revealed that high school students experienced higher mental health problems, such as mood swings. Additionally, compared to males, girls substantially more frequently experienced academic stress, sleep difficulties, and worry, as well as the development of unhealthy habits. Various coping strategies developed by the students included development of a new hobby (45.4%), spending time with family members (12.8%), learning by playing indoor games (8.4%), computer skills (3.9%), and meditation (2.25%). CONCLUSIONS The lockdown, apprehension of pandemic and associated morbidity, fear of losing loved ones, academic and peer pressures, and sudden adjustment to new study methods contributed to the changes experienced by adolescents physically and mentally; hence, all of these issues were addressed in this study. This study pointed toward the need for the propagation of adolescent mental health awareness during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rachita Sarangi
- Department of Pediatrics, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sumita Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lipilekha Patnaik
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Wang MT, Del Toro J, Henry DA, Scanlon CL, Schall JD. Family resilience during the COVID-19 onset: A daily-diary inquiry into parental employment status, parent-adolescent relationships, and well-being. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:312-324. [PMID: 36484143 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 changed the landscape of employment and financial security in the USA, contributing to multi-systemic disruptions in family life. Using dyadic, daily-diary parent-adolescent data from a nationwide American sample (18,415 daily assessments; 29 days: 4/8/2020-4/21/2020 and 5/18/2020-6/1/2020; N = 635 parent-adolescent dyads), this intensive longitudinal study investigated how COVID-19-related job loss and working-from-home (WFH) arrangements influenced parents' and children's daily affect indirectly through family functioning (i.e., parent-adolescent conflict, inter-adult conflict, and parental warmth) and whether these links varied by family socioeconomic status (SES). Parental employment status was linked to these family relational dynamics, which were then connected to parents' and adolescents' daily affect. Although SES did not moderate these links, low-income families were more likely to experience job loss, parent-adolescent conflict, and inter-adult conflict and less likely to WFH than higher-income families. As inter-relations within the family are a malleable point for intervention, clinicians working with families recovering from the fiscal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are encouraged to use approaches that strengthen family relationships, especially between adolescents and their parents. Unemployment subsidies are discussed as a means to support families struggling with job loss, and organizations are urged to consider the benefits of WFH on employee health and work-life balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Te Wang
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Del Toro
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Christina L Scanlon
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Schall
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wang MT, Scanlon CL, Del Toro J, Qin X. Adolescent psychological adjustment and social supports during pandemic-onset remote learning: A national multi-wave daily-diary study. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2533-2550. [PMID: 37655613 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In spring 2020, U.S. schools universally transitioned to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, thus creating a natural experiment for examining adolescents' risk and resilience during an ongoing school crisis response. This longitudinal study used a daily-diary approach to investigate the role of social support in the link between remote learning and psychological well-being across 64 days among a national sample of adolescents (n = 744; 42% Black, 36% White, 22% Other ethnicity/race; 41% boys; 72% eligible for free/reduced-priced lunch; Mage=14.60, SDage=1.71, age-range = 12-17 years). On days when youth attended remote learning, they reported lower daily positive affect, more daily stress, and higher parent social support. There were no significant differences in the effect of remote learning on affect or stress by race or economic status. On days when youth experienced more parent support, they reported lower daily stress and negative affect and higher daily positive affect. On days when youth experienced more peer support, they reported higher daily positive affect. Overall, the study highlights the impact of pandemic-onset remote learning on adolescents' psychological well-being and emphasizes the need for future research on school crisis contingency planning to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Qin
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Polack RG, Bronstein MV, Questel M, Edelman A, Vinogradov S, Kober H, Joormann J, Everaert J. Social interpretation inflexibility moderates emotional reactions to social situations in children and adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2352-2364. [PMID: 37466071 PMCID: PMC10796842 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation biases and inflexibility (i.e., difficulties revising interpretations) have been linked to increased internalizing symptoms. Although adolescence is a developmental period characterized by novel social situations and increased vulnerability to internalizing disorders, no studies have examined interpretation inflexibility in adolescents. Additionally, no studies (on adolescents or adults) have examined interpretation flexibility as a protective factor against adverse outcomes of interpersonal events. Using a novel task and a 28-day diary we examined relations among interpretation bias and inflexibility, internalizing symptoms, and negative interpersonal events in a sample of children and adolescents (N = 159, ages 9-18). At baseline, negative interpretation bias was positively correlated with social anxiety symptoms, and positive interpretation bias negatively correlated with social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Inflexible positive interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety and depressive symptoms, while inflexible negative interpretations were correlated with higher social anxiety. Finally, interpretation inflexibility moderated daily associations between negative interpersonal events and depressive symptoms in daily life, such that higher inflexibility was associated with stronger associations between interpersonal events and subsequent depressive symptoms, potentially increasing depressive symptom instability. These results suggest that interpretation biases and inflexibility may act as both risk and protective factors for adolescent anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuma Gadassi Polack
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel-Aviv Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv Yaffo, Israel
| | - Michael V. Bronstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marcia Questel
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Audrey Edelman
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonas Everaert
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Beech A, Edelman A, Yatziv T, Rutherford HJV, Joormann J, Gadassi-Polack R. Cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stressor predicts increases in depressive symptoms in perinatal and nulliparous women during population-level stress. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:33-41. [PMID: 37499916 PMCID: PMC10529046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests a link between stress and depression, especially in high-risk groups. The perinatal period is known as a time of increased risk for depression and pregnancy has been associated with alterations in cortisol levels; however, limited research has assessed cortisol reactivity during pregnancy. Finally, no studies have yet examined whether cortisol reactivity predicts later depressive symptoms during a population-level stressor, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The current study examined whether cortisol reactivity in perinatal and nulliparous women a year before the onset of COVID-19 predicted increases in depressive symptoms during the initial stage of the pandemic. Participants were 68 women (33 pregnant, Mage = 30.6; 35 nulliparous, Mage = 28.4) who, approximately a year before COVID-19, responded to a depressive symptoms questionnaire and completed a psychosocial stress test, during which they provided salivary cortisol samples. Shortly after the onset of pandemic-related closures (April 2020; postpartum for previously pregnant participants), participants completed follow-up questionnaires assessing current depressive symptoms. RESULTS Analyses showed that cortisol reactivity at baseline predicted increases in depressive symptoms at follow-up. Perinatal and nulliparous women did not differ in this association. LIMITATIONS The present study was limited by a moderate sample size and heterogeneity in terms of gestational week, restricting inferences about specific stages of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stressor is a biomarker of risk for increased depressive symptoms during ecological stress in women. Biomarkers like these increase our understanding of depression risk and may help to identify individuals in need of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Beech
- Tufts University, United States of America; Harvard University, United States of America.
| | | | - Tal Yatziv
- Yale Child Study Center at Yale University, United States of America
| | | | | | - Reuma Gadassi-Polack
- Yale University, United States of America; Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Israel.
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Gottert A, Vieitez I, Nevárez R, Austrian K, Muluve E, Patel SK, Saggurti N, Bajracharya A, DeMulder J, Soler E, Ngo TD. The Multidimensional, Intersecting Impacts of COVID-19 on Young People's Lives: Evidence From Cross-Sectional Surveys in Mexico, India, and Kenya. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:820-829. [PMID: 37632504 PMCID: PMC10581329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have documented diverse adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people's lives-for instance on mental health, education/employment prospects, and intrafamily violence. We sought to generate much-needed evidence regarding whether, and which, young people are experiencing multiple intersecting effects. METHODS Data come from cross-sectional surveys with young people ages 15-25 years in Mexico (nationwide, n = 55,692), Kenya (four counties, n = 2,750), and India (two states, n = 3,537), collected from late 2020 to early 2022. We used latent class analysis to identify subgroups based on multiple adverse effects, then examined associations between these subgroups and COVID-19 infections/family deaths, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS We found prevalent adverse impacts overall and two distinct subgroups in each country-one experiencing higher levels of all impacts, such as on mental health (44%-78% across countries), education/employment (22%-84%), intrafamily violence (22%-49%), and friendships (66%-86%). This subgroup comprised 40% of the sample in Mexico, 25% in Kenya, and 35% in India. In multivariate analyses, this group consistently had greater odds of experiencing COVID-19-related infections and deaths of loved ones. They were more likely socioeconomically disadvantaged, older, urban residents. Associations with other characteristics were country-specific. DISCUSSION This study provides novel cross-country evidence that a subgroup of young people has experienced intersecting adverse impacts of COVID-19 on their lives. Findings also confirm prior evidence of multiple elevated vulnerabilities in general. Expanded provision of multiple layers of support is required, particularly for the most vulnerable subgroup, as are multi-sectoral policies and interventions to prevent intersectional effects in future times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Gottert
- Population Council, Washington, District of Columbia.
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11
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Lee S, Moon H, Ko J, Cankaya B, Caine E, You S. Social connectedness and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a community sample in Korea. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292219. [PMID: 37856559 PMCID: PMC10586704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared social connectedness patterns and examined the relationships between objective or subjective social connectedness and mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among community dwelling adults in South Korea. An identical online survey was administered at two time points, in 2019 prior to the onset and again in 2021. Objective (network diversity and network size) and subjective (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) social connectedness were measured along with positive and negative indices of mental health (depression, suicidal behavior, happiness, and life satisfaction). The results indicated that among social connectedness indices perceived burdensomeness were significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the prior period, while network size was smaller. Subjective social connectedness was associated with all aspects of mental health consequences, either positive or negative. Among objective social connectedness, only network diversity was significantly associated with increased happiness and life satisfaction, and objective social connectedness was not associated with depression and suicidal behavior. These associations did not differ across the two time periods. The findings, both before and during the pandemic, indicated that network diversity is an important factor for positive indices of mental health and that efforts to increase subjective social connectedness are needed to decrease the risk of depression and suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Lee
- Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyejoo Moon
- Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jisu Ko
- Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Banu Cankaya
- Department of Psychology, MEF University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eric Caine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sungeun You
- Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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12
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McMahon TP, Villaume SC, Adam EK. Daily experiences and adolescent affective wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: The CHESS model. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101654. [PMID: 37517164 PMCID: PMC10592260 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in adolescents' increased exposure to daily experiences of risk factors for depression and anxiety (e.g., loneliness). Intensive longitudinal studies examining daily experiences during the pandemic have revealed short-term and long-term consequences on youth mental health. Although evidence suggests small average increases in adolescent depression and anxiety, most of the story is in variability: increases are higher for youth and families with greater pre-existing mental health vulnerabilities and fewer socioeconomic resources, whereas increases are lower when social or financial support and positive coping and health behaviors are available and employed. Public health and economic policies should be mindful of youth mental health risks and actively promote known mental health supports, including family economic resources, access to mental healthcare, and social connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierney P McMahon
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Sarah Collier Villaume
- School of Education and Social Policy, and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Emma K Adam
- School of Education and Social Policy, and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, USA.
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13
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Bilu Y, Flaks-Manov N, Goldshtein I, Bivas-Benita M, Akiva P, Bodenheimer G, Greenfeld S. Youth Mental Health Outcomes up to Two Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Long-COVID or Long-Pandemic Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:701-706. [PMID: 37389526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Youth mental distress has substantially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear if mental symptoms are directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection or to social restrictions. We aimed to investigate mental health outcomes in infected versus uninfected adolescents, for up to two years after an index polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. METHODS A retrospective cohort study, based on electronic health records from a large nationally representative Israeli health fund, among adolescents aged 12-17 years with a PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1, 2020 and March 1, 2021. Infected and uninfected individuals were matched by age, sex, test date, sector, and socioeconomic status. Cox regression was used to derive hazard ratios (HRs) for mental health outcomes within two years from PCR test for infected versus uninfected individuals, while accounting for pre-existing psychiatric history. External validation was performed on UK primary care data. RESULTS Among 146,067 PCR-tested adolescents, 24,009 were positive and 22,354 were matched with negative adolescents. SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly associated with reduced risks for dispensation of antidepressants (HR 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.83), diagnoses of anxiety (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.95), depression (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.80), and stress (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.92). Similar results were obtained in the validation dataset. DISCUSSION This large, population-based study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection is not associated with elevated risk for mental distress in adolescents. Our findings highlight the importance of taking a holistic view on adolescents' mental health during the pandemic, with consideration of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and response measures.
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14
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Miller LC, Neupane S, Joshi N, Lohani M, Shrestha B. Trajectories of child growth, child development, and home child-rearing quality during the Covid pandemic in rural Nepal. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:800-810. [PMID: 36355606 PMCID: PMC9877676 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children, especially disadvantaged children in poor countries, were expected to be among the "biggest victims" of the Covid pandemic. Economic burdens, decreased nutritious foods, reduced medical care, school closures, and ill-health or death of family members were predicted to increase child undernutrition and developmental delays, and diminish home child-rearing quality. METHODS A planned nutrition intervention could not be implemented due to Covid restrictions. However, three surveys (pre-Covid [December 2019], July 2021, and September 2021) in 280 Nepali households (309 parent-dyads, 368 children, 6-66 months old) collected demographics, child anthropometry and development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 [ASQ-3]), and home child-rearing quality (caregiver engagement, learning resources, adult supervision [UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey]). Mixed-effect regression models adjusted for household (wealth, maternal education) and child factors (age, gender) and survey round. RESULTS Height, mid-upper-arm circumference, and head circumference measurements improved over time. The total ASQ-3 score did not change: Communication scores increased while fine motor and personal-social scores declined. Girls' growth and development worsened more than boys. Caregiver engagement (especially mothers') generally declined, but learning resource availability increased. More children were left unsupervised at Round 2 than Round 1 or 3. CONCLUSIONS In this sample, some aspects of child growth, development, and home child-rearing quality improved while others declined. Better understanding of these changes in child well-being and the family environment during the pandemic could provide insight on how to protect children during future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie C. Miller
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Eliot‐Pearson Department of Child Study & Human DevelopmentTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sumanta Neupane
- Division of Poverty, Health, and NutritionInternational Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), New DelhiNew DelhiIndia
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15
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Breaux R, Cash AR, Lewis J, Garcia KM, Dvorsky MR, Becker SP. Impacts of COVID-19 quarantine and isolation on adolescent social functioning. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101613. [PMID: 37364468 PMCID: PMC10232930 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses research conducted globally between March 2020 and March 2023 examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent social functioning, including their lifestyle, extracurricular activities, family environment, peer environment, and social skills. Research highlights the widespread impact, with largely negative effects. However, a handful of studies support improved quality of relationships for some young people. Study findings underscore the importance of technology for fostering social communication and connectedness during periods of isolation and quarantine. Most studies specifically examining social skills were cross-sectional and conducted in clinical populations, such as autistic or socially anxious youth. As such, it is critical that ongoing research examines the long-term social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and ways to promote meaningful social connectedness via virtual interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Breaux
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Annah R Cash
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jasmine Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Katelyn M Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Melissa R Dvorsky
- Division of Psychology and Behavioral Health, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, And Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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16
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Ravens-Sieberer U, Devine J, Napp AK, Kaman A, Saftig L, Gilbert M, Reiß F, Löffler C, Simon AM, Hurrelmann K, Walper S, Schlack R, Hölling H, Wieler LH, Erhart M. Three years into the pandemic: results of the longitudinal German COPSY study on youth mental health and health-related quality of life. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1129073. [PMID: 37397777 PMCID: PMC10307958 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose For the past three years, the German longitudinal COPSY (COVID-19 and PSYchological Health) study has monitored changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May-June 2020 (W1), December 2020-January 2021 (W2), September-October 2021 (W3), February 2022 (W4), and September-October 2022 (W5). In total, n = 2,471 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years (n = 1,673 aged 11-17 years with self-reports) were assessed using internationally established and validated measures of HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms (CES-DC, PHQ-2), psychosomatic complaints (HBSC-SCL), and fear about the future (DFS-K). Findings were compared to prepandemic population-based data. Results While the prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15% prepandemic to 48% at W2, it improved to 27% at W5. Similarly, overall mental health problems rose from 18% prepandemic to W1 through W2 (30-31%), and since then slowly declined (W3: 27%, W4: 29%, W5: 23%). Anxiety doubled from 15% prepandemic to 30% in W2 and declined to 25% (W5) since then. Depressive symptoms increased from 15%/10% (CES-DC/PHQ-2) prepandemic to 24%/15% in W2, and slowly decreased to 14%/9% in W5. Psychosomatic complaints are across all waves still on the rise. 32-44% of the youth expressed fears related to other current crises. Conclusion Mental health of the youth improved in year 3 of the pandemic, but is still lower than before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janine Devine
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Napp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kaman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Saftig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martha Gilbert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Reiß
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Löffler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Robert Schlack
- Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar Heinz Wieler
- Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Research Cluster Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Erhart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Public Health, Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Apollon University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany
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17
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Madigan S, Racine N, Vaillancourt T, Korczak DJ, Hewitt JMA, Pador P, Park JL, McArthur BA, Holy C, Neville RD. Changes in Depression and Anxiety Among Children and Adolescents From Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:567-581. [PMID: 37126337 PMCID: PMC10152379 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Importance There is a growing body of high-quality cohort-based research that has examined changes in child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic vs before the pandemic. Some studies have found that child and adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms have increased, while others have found these symptoms to have remained stable or decreased. Objective To synthesize the available longitudinal cohort-based research evidence to estimate the direction and magnitude of changes in depression and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents assessed before and during the pandemic. Data Sources Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo were searched for studies published between January 1, 2020, and May 17, 2022. Study Selection Included studies reported on depression and/or anxiety symptoms, had cohort data comparing prepandemic to pandemic estimates, included a sample of children and/or adolescents younger than 19 years, and were published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Data Extraction and Synthesis In total, 53 longitudinal cohort studies from 12 countries with 87 study estimates representing 40 807 children and adolescents were included. Main Outcomes and Measures Standardized mean changes (SMC) in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the pandemic. Results The analysis included 40 807 children and adolescents represented in pre-COVID-19 studies and 33 682 represented in during-COVID-19 studies. There was good evidence of an increase in depression symptoms (SMC, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.33). Changes in depression symptoms were most conclusive for study estimates among female individuals (SMC, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.42), study estimates with mid to high income (SMC, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.63), and study estimates sourced from North America (SMC, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.36) and Europe (SMC, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.53). There was strong evidence that anxiety symptoms increased slightly during the pandemic (SMC, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.16), and there was some evidence of an increase in study estimates with mid to high income. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies including children and adolescents found an increase in depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among female individuals and those from relatively higher-income backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Racine
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne J. Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jackson M. A. Hewitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paolo Pador
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanne L. Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Celeste Holy
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross D. Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Gustafsson J, Lyyra N, Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Simonsen N, Lahti H, Kulmala M, Ojala K, Paakkari L. Mental health profiles of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:54. [PMID: 37120557 PMCID: PMC10148589 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had implications for adolescents' interpersonal relationships, communication patterns, education, recreational activities and well-being. An understanding of the impact of the pandemic on their mental health is crucial in measures to promote the post-pandemic recovery. Using a person-centered approach, the current study aimed to identify mental health profiles in two cross-sectional samples of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the pandemic, and to examine how socio-demographic and psychosocial factors, academic expectations, health literacy, and self-rated health are associated with the emerging profiles. METHODS AND FINDINGS Survey data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in Finland in 2018 (N = 3498, age M = 13.44) and 2022 (N = 3838, age M = 13.21) were analyzed. A four-profile model using cluster analysis was selected for both samples. In Sample 1, the identified profiles were (1) "Good mental health", (2) "Mixed psychosocial health", (3) "Somatically challenged", and (4) "Poor mental health". In Sample 2, the identified profiles were (1) "Good mental health", (2) "Mixed psychosomatic health", (3) "Poor mental health and low loneliness", and (4) "Poor mental health and high loneliness". The results of the mixed effect multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that in both samples, being a girl and reporting lower maternal monitoring; lower family, peer, and teacher support; higher intensity of online communication; a less positive home atmosphere and school climate; and poor self-rated health were most strongly linked to belonging to a poorer mental health profile. In addition, in Sample 2, low subjective health literacy was a key factor associated with poorer mental health profiles, and teacher support was more important than before COVID. CONCLUSIONS The current study stresses the importance of identifying those vulnerable to developing poor mental health. To maximize post-pandemic recovery, the role of schools, especially teacher support and health literacy, along with the factors that remained important over time should be taken into account in public health and health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Gustafsson
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nelli Lyyra
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | | | - Nina Simonsen
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Lahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Markus Kulmala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kristiina Ojala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Leena Paakkari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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Shanahan L, Johnson-Ferguson L, Loher M, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Murray AL, Hepp U, Ribeaud D, Eisner M. The worst and the best: new insights into risk and resilience in young adults from the COVID-19 pandemic. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37361562 PMCID: PMC10132952 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Historic declines in young people's mental health began to emerge before the COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of this youth mental health crisis, the pandemic constituted a naturalistic stressor paradigm that came with the potential to uncover new knowledge for the science of risk and resilience. Surprisingly, approximately 19-35% of people reported better well-being in the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Therefore, in May and September 2020, we asked N=517 young adults from a cohort study to describe the best and the worst aspects of their pandemic lives (N=1,462 descriptions). Inductive thematic analysis revealed that the best aspects included the deceleration of life and a greater abundance of free time, which was used for hobbies, healthy activities, strengthening relationships, and for personal growth and building resilience skills. Positive aspects also included a reduction in educational pressures and work load and temporary relief from climate change concerns. The worst aspects included disruptions and changes to daily life; social distancing and restrictions of freedoms; negative emotions that arose in the pandemic situation, including uncertainty about the future; and the growing polarization of society. Science that aims to reverse the youth mental health crisis must pay increased attention to sources of young people's distress that are not commonly measured (e.g., their educational, work, and time pressures; their fears and uncertainties about their personal, society's, and the global future), and also to previously untapped sources of well-being - including those that young people identified for themselves while facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42844-023-00096-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Johnson-Ferguson
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Loher
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annekatrin Steinhoff
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bechtiger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Urs Hepp
- Meilen Institute Zurich, Stockerstrasse 45, CH-8002 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 9DA UK
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20
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Wang JK, Xue HQ, Wu XF. Mental health and academic achievement among Chinese adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of self-regulation learning. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2023; 26:1-15. [PMID: 37362053 PMCID: PMC10041494 DOI: 10.1007/s11218-023-09772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The changes that COVID-19 pandemic has brought upon the world are unprecedented. Its impact on students' learning is equally profound, making it critical to heed students' academic achievement effects that may derive from these alterations. Therefore, the present study explored an integrative model of mental health, self-regulated learning and academic achievement among adolescents during the pandemic. Participants were 1001 senior high school students (Mage = 17.00, SDage = 0.78, 48.7% female) from China. Results showed that the degree to which students were mentally healthy was not significantly related to academic achievement, whereas academic achievement and mental health were positively associated with self-regulated learning. Following structural equation modelling analysis, the effect of mental health on academic achievement was fully mediated by self-regulated learning. Taken together, the findings emphasised the necessity of developing self-regulated learning strategies during public health emergencies and have clinical and educational implications for planning psychological interventions in order to improve mental health and academic performance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kai Wang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Qin Xue
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wu
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Meyer SR, Seff I, Gillespie A, Brumbaum H, Qushua N, Stark L. "We will need to build up the atmosphere of trust again": Service providers' perceptions of experiences of COVID-19 amongst resettled refugee adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283599. [PMID: 36961778 PMCID: PMC10038302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent resettled refugees across the United States have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, through socio-economic stressors in households, disproportionate morbidity and mortality in immigrant communities, and social isolation and loss of learning due to school closures and the shift to online learning. The Study of Adolescent Lives after Migration to America [SALaMA] investigates the mental health and wellbeing of adolescents who come from-or who have parents who came from-the Middle East and North Africa [MENA] region and settled in the U.S. There is a gap in understanding of the experiences during the pandemic of MENA-background adolescents in the U.S. The objective of this study was to describe the perspective of educators and other school-affiliated service providers on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and wellbeing of adolescent resettled refugees and access to and quality of education and support services for adolescent resettled refugees. The researchers collected data using in-depth interviews with key informants in Chicago, Illinois; Harrisonburg, Virginia; and Detroit Metropolitan Area [DMA], Michigan, Key informants were school administrators, managers of English language learning services and programs, teachers, therapists, staff of non-governmental organizations and/ or community-based organizations, and case workers. Data analysis was conducted utilizing directed content analysis to develop an initial codebook and identify key themes in the data. Findings revealed a number of pathways through which the pandemic impacted adolescent refugees and immigrants' mental health and wellbeing, with online programming impacting students' engagement, motivation and social isolation in terms of peer and provider relationships. Specific dynamics in refugee adolescents' households increased stressors and reduced engagement through online learning, and access to space and resources needed to support learning during school closures were limited. Service providers emphasized multiple and overlapping impacts on service quality and access, resulting in reduced social supports and mental health prevention and response approaches. Due to the long-term impacts of school closures in the first two years of the pandemic, and ongoing disruption, these data both provide a snapshot of the impacts of the pandemic at a specific moment, as well as insights into ways forward in terms of adapting services and engaging students within restrictions and limitations due to the pandemic. These findings emphasize the need for educators and mental health service providers to rebuild and strengthen relationships with students and families. These findings indicate the need to consider, support and expand social support and mental health services, specifically for refugee adolescent students, in the context of learning and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Meyer
- The Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilana Seff
- The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Alli Gillespie
- The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Hannah Brumbaum
- The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Najat Qushua
- The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Stark
- The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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22
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Hughes C, Ronchi L, Foley S, Dempsey C, Lecce S. Siblings in lockdown: International evidence for birth order effects on child adjustment in the Covid19 pandemic. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hughes
- Centre for Family Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Luca Ronchi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Sarah Foley
- Moray House School of Education and Sport University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Caoimhe Dempsey
- Centre for Family Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Serena Lecce
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia Pavia Italy
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23
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Stevens GWJM, Buyukcan‐Tetik A, Maes M, Weinberg D, Vermeulen S, Visser K, Finkenauer C. Examining socioeconomic disparities in changes in adolescent mental health before and during different phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Stress Health 2023; 39:169-181. [PMID: 35727680 PMCID: PMC9349482 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined socioeconomic disparities in changes in adolescent mental health between fall 2019 (pre-COVID-19), spring 2020 (initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) phase), and fall 2020 (prevailing COVID-19 phase). Using data from 1429 adolescents (Mage = 17.9) from tertiary vocational schools in the Netherlands with n = 386 participating in all three waves, linear and latent basis growth curve models were assessed and multigroup analyses conducted. Results showed a small but significant decrease in life satisfaction and small but significant increases in emotional problems, peer relationship problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity-inattention problems. For emotional problems and peer relationship problems, increases between pre-COVID-19 and the initial COVID-19 phase were more pronounced than increases between the initial and prevailing COVID-19 phase. In contrast, linear decreases were found for life satisfaction and linear increases for conduct problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems over the course of the study. Mental health patterns were largely comparable for adolescents from families with varying socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social ScienceFaculty of Social and Behavioural SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Marlies Maes
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social ScienceFaculty of Social and Behavioural SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands,School Psychology and Development in ContextFaculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesLeuvenBelgium,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)BrusselBelgium
| | - Dominic Weinberg
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social ScienceFaculty of Social and Behavioural SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sander Vermeulen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social ScienceFaculty of Social and Behavioural SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Visser
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial PlanningFaculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social ScienceFaculty of Social and Behavioural SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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24
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Le Y, Hatch SG, Goodman ZT, Doss BD. Does coparenting improve during the OurRelationship program? Explorations within a low-income sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2022; 36:1030-1035. [PMID: 35482627 PMCID: PMC10694858 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-income couples are at an increased risk for relationship instability and divorce, which can have residual impacts on coparenting between the two partners. Growing evidence suggests that brief online relationship education programs can be an effective tool for alleviating relationship distress among low-income couples. However, findings remain mixed when it comes to whether benefits from relationship-focused programs not explicitly addressing coparenting spillover to coparenting among those with children. This preregistered study sought to investigate whether couples participating in an evidence-based online relationship-focused intervention, the OurRelationship program, experienced improvements in coparenting during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To expand on the existing literature, coparenting outcomes assessed included partners' gatekeeping behaviors in addition to coparenting satisfaction, given their important implications for partner involvement in parenting. We also examined the extent to which changes in coparenting were moderated by pre-post gains in relationship satisfaction, child gender, division of childcare, and pandemic disruptions. In a sample of 136 low-income couples (N = 272 individuals) and a one-group/pre-post design, we found medium-sized gains in relationship satisfaction (Cohen's d = .76) and small-sized improvements in all coparenting aspects assessed (|d|s = .29-.39). Couples with greater gains in relationship satisfaction experienced greater improvements in coparenting; further, coparenting changes were robust to other moderators. Taken together, findings suggested that brief online relationship education programs, such as the OurRelationship program, may be a promising option to improve coparenting among relationally distressed low-income couples with children during a global health crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Le
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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25
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Bowker JC, Weingarten J. Temporal approaches to the study of friendship: Understanding the developmental significance of friendship change during childhood and adolescence. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:249-272. [PMID: 35871824 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With longitudinal studies and recently-developed analyses that can model change, it has become increasingly clear that many types of peer experiences during childhood and adolescence are not static. Instead, such experiences change in numerous ways over time, with significant developmental implications. Most of this recent work, however, has focused on change and stability in group-level peer experiences such as peer victimization, peer exclusion, and popularity. As a result, less is known about the extent to which change occurs, and the developmental significance of such changes, in youths' dyadic-level peer experiences and specifically their friendships. Thus, the goal of this chapter is to illustrate the importance of studying friendship change during childhood and adolescence. To do so, we first review the literature on friendship, in general, and then that pertaining to friendship instability and friendship loss, two related areas of friendship change research that have received some theoretical and empirical attention. We introduce a new friendship development model, and informed by this model, encourage peer relations researchers to consider other types of change in friendships. The concluding sections concentrate on the importance of learning more about friendship change for intervention and prevention efforts with youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Bowker
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Jenna Weingarten
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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26
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Xiu X, Qian Q, Wu S. Mental Health Problems and Associated Factors among High School Students in Shandong Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8478. [PMID: 35886324 PMCID: PMC9320481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although many studies have analyzed the mental health problems (MHP) of Chinese adolescents, the associations of Chinese high school students’ MHP with personal and family circumstances, parents’ educational level, physical activity, and school adaptation are rarely discussed. Methods: The participants were 9398 students who were randomly recruited from 30 high schools in Shandong, China. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between MHP and related factors. Results: The positive rate of MHP among high school students was 27.0%. Female, intimate friends of the opposite sex, poor family economic status, father’s educational level of primary school or below, low social competence, and high antisocial behavior were significantly associated with higher odds of having MHP (p < 0.05). Students’ self-reported odds of having obsessive−compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression were inversely related to their mother’s educational level. Compared with students who did not exercise, students who engaged in more than 30 min of physical activity 5−6 times per week had 60% lower self-reported odds of depression. Conclusions: We recommend strengthening the prevention, early detection, and treatment of MHP in high school students, especially those whose parents have low educational attainment, inactivity, and high disruptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sizhu Wu
- Department of Medical Data Sharing, Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 3 Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; (X.X.); (Q.Q.)
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27
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Kasielska-Trojan A, Dzierżak J, Antoszewski B. The Influence of Faith and Religion on Family Interactions and Interest in Health Issues during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Study among Polish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6462. [PMID: 35682047 PMCID: PMC9180851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has dominated health, economic, and geopolitical issues for many months, but it also has great influence on individuals and families. The aim of this study was to verify whether the pandemic of COVID-19 changed religious practices and how religiosity moderated the influence of the pandemic on family interactions and attitudes towards health issues in adolescents. METHODS The study groups included 561 adolescent high school students (314 females and 247 males) from two kinds of high schools: public and Catholic. RESULTS Most Catholic school students have not changed their religious practices during the pandemic or just changed the form of attendance to TV or internet (59.7%). Moreover, 8.6% of them stopped the practices, in comparison with 12.9% of public school students, most of whom had not attended a mass before and during the pandemic. The results showed that in adolescents' opinions the pandemic caused family relations to be stronger, however this effect was modified by religiosity. CONCLUSION Attending Catholic school and being a practicing believer influenced some aspects of faith and family relations during the pandemic, but in most aspects, they did not influence attitudes toward health issues. The results of the study highlight the need to secure, especially for non-believing adolescents, family support during the pandemic, while in believers faith may provide such support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kasielska-Trojan
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Bogusław Antoszewski
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland;
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28
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Zhan Q, Zhang S, Wang Q, Zhang L, Liu Z. Analysis of the Difference in College Students' Experience of Family Harmony before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6265. [PMID: 35627802 PMCID: PMC9141167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: China implemented a home quarantine policy in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, college students stayed at home for a long time, facing their parents and being directly exposed to family affairs every day. Thus, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and home quarantine on college students’ experience of family harmony are worth discussing. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore whether there was any difference in college students’ experience of family harmony before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Participants in this study were undergraduates from a university in Tianjin. They completed the college students’ experience of family harmony questionnaire (CSEFHQ) before and after the COVID-19 outbreak (December 2019 and March 2020). A total of 215 participants (96 men and 119 women) completed the whole test. Results: The paired sample t-tests showed that the scores on seven dimensions of CSEFHQ: getting along (t = 5.116, p < 0.001), conflict (t = 6.442, p < 0.001), sharing (t = 5.414, p < 0.001), self-isolation (t = 3.014, p < 0.01), help-seeking (t = 5.353, p < 0.001), avoidance (t = 6.010, p < 0.001), support-providing (t = 5.818, p < 0.001), and the total scores of CSEFHQ (t = 6.496, p < 0.001) were all significantly reduced after the COVID-19 outbreak, while the scores on the other two dimensions, undertaking housework (t = 1.379) and indifference (t = 1.765), did not change significantly. Conclusions: The college students’ experience of family harmony was significantly worse after the COVID-19 outbreak. These results can be used to improve the level of family harmony of college students during the pandemic and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Zhan
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.Z.)
- Institute of Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.Z.)
- Institute of Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lisha Zhang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (S.Z.); (Q.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Academy of Science, Beijing 100020, China;
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29
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Revital SS, Haviv N. Juvenile delinquency and COVID-19: the effect of social distancing restrictions on juvenile crime rates in Israel. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 19:1-24. [PMID: 35540723 PMCID: PMC9075142 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-022-09509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noam Haviv
- The Department of Criminology, the Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
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30
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Mlawer F, Moore CC, Hubbard JA, Meehan ZM. Pre-Pandemic Peer Relations Predict Adolescents' Internalizing Response to Covid-19. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:649-657. [PMID: 34697727 PMCID: PMC8545556 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current longitudinal study was to investigate the role of adolescents' peer victimization and aggression prior to COVID-19 on the change in their depressive and anxious symptoms from pre- to mid-pandemic. We hypothesized that, although adolescents overall would display an increase in internalizing symptoms from pre- to mid-pandemic, this response would be weakened or perhaps even reversed when adolescents experienced high levels of victimization or aggression prior to the pandemic. Participants included 96 racially/ethnically diverse adolescents (42 males, 53 females; 1 other) with an average age of 16.79 years (SD = 0.60). At Time 1 (T1; June 2019 through February 2020; pre-pandemic), adolescents completed self-report measures of their peer relations (aggression, victimization) and internalizing symptoms (depressive, anxious). At Time 2 (T2; May through July 2020; mid-pandemic), adolescents completed self-report measures of their internalizing symptoms (depressive, anxious). On average, adolescents' anxious and depressive symptoms increased from T1 to T2, although they exhibited substantial variability, with reports ranging from decreasing symptoms to increasing symptoms. Although on average adolescents reported increases in anxious symptoms from T1 to T2, adolescents with higher T1 peer victimization reported less positive change in anxious symptoms. Similarly, although on average adolescents reported increases in depressive symptoms from T1 to T2, adolescents with higher levels of T1 aggression reported less positive change in depressive symptoms from T1 to T2. Discussion focused on restrictions on in-person peer interactions necessitated by COVID-19 that may reduce adolescents' distress when their pre-pandemic daily lives were characterized by negative peer relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mlawer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US
| | - Christina C Moore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US
| | - Julie A Hubbard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US.
| | - Zachary M Meehan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US
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31
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Deng W, Gadassi Polack R, Creighton M, Kober H, Joormann J. Predicting Negative and Positive Affect During COVID-19: A Daily Diary Study in Youths. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:500-516. [PMID: 34448307 PMCID: PMC8646745 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to profoundly affect youths' mental health. Understanding predictors of affective responding to the pandemic is critical for prevention and intervention efforts. This study examines emotion regulation as an important predictor of youth's changes in positive and negative affect. The present study of 115 participants (62 girls, Mage = 11.77) explores the relation between pre-existing emotion regulation strategies, as measured by multi-week daily diaries pre-COVID, and youths' mean positive and negative affect levels and variability during a 28-day period amidst the pandemic, while including COVID-related worries and isolation as important moderators. The findings provide important insight into interactions between pre-existing vulnerabilities and COVID-related stressors in predicting affective adjustment in youth.
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