1
|
Lamb EI, Alberti H. Twelve tips for positive role modelling in medical education. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:898-902. [PMID: 38071675 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2289842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Role modelling has powerful impact in medical education, with the potential to shape the professional development, clinical skills and career choices of the medical workforce. In this article we provide twelve tips, some aimed at educators and some at curriculum leaders, to increase the positive potential of role modelling. Our tips are based on theory, evidence, our own research and experience. They include ensuring educators are conscious of their role modelling potential, providing role models to represent the diversity of learners, facilitating reflection in the role modelling process and supporting role modelling to improve recruitment to shortage specialties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh Alberti
- School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Asoodar M, de Jong N, Keulers T, Liu X, Dolmans D. Perception of enhanced learning in medicine through integrating of virtual patients: an exploratory study on knowledge acquisition and transfer. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:647. [PMID: 38858668 PMCID: PMC11165759 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Virtual Patients (VPs) have been shown to improve various aspects of medical learning, however, research has scarcely delved into the specific factors that facilitate the knowledge gain and transfer of knowledge from the classroom to real-world applications. This exploratory study aims to understand the impact of integrating VPs into classroom learning on students' perceptions of knowledge acquisition and transfer. METHODS The study was integrated into an elective course on "Personalized Medicine in Cancer Treatment and Care," employing a qualitative and quantitative approach. Twenty-two second-year medical undergraduates engaged in a VP session, which included role modeling, practice with various authentic cases, group discussion on feedback, and a plenary session. Student perceptions of their learning were measured through surveys and focus group interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. RESULTS Quantitative data shows that students highly valued the role modeling introduction, scoring it 4.42 out of 5, and acknowledged the practice with VPs in enhancing their subject matter understanding, with an average score of 4.0 out of 5. However, students' reflections on peer dialogue on feedback received mixed reviews, averaging a score of 3.24 out of 5. Qualitative analysis (of focus-group interviews) unearthed the following four themes: 'Which steps to take in clinical reasoning', 'Challenging their reasoning to enhance deeper understanding', 'Transfer of knowledge ', and ' Enhance Reasoning through Reflections'. Quantitative and qualitative data are cohered. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates evidence for the improvement of learning by incorporating VPs with learning activities. This integration enhances students' perceptions of knowledge acquisition and transfer, thereby potentially elevating students' preparedness for real-world clinical settings. Key facets like expert role modeling and various authentic case exposures were valued for fostering a deeper understanding and active engagement, though with some mixed responses towards peer feedback discussions. While the preliminary findings are encouraging, the necessity for further research to refine feedback mechanisms and explore a broader spectrum of medical disciplines with larger sample sizes is underscored. This exploration lays a groundwork for future endeavors aimed at optimizing VP-based learning experiences in medical education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhien Li
- Department of Educational Development & Research, School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Maryam Asoodar
- Department of Educational Development & Research, School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nynke de Jong
- School of Health Professions Education, Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tom Keulers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Educational Development & Research, School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Diana Dolmans
- Department of Educational Development & Research, School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Penconek T, Hayduk L, Kunyk D, Cummings GG. A nursing perspective on the antecedents and consequences of incivility in higher education: A scoping review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2024; 6:100204. [PMID: 38846641 PMCID: PMC11153904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding antecedents and consequences of incivility across higher education is necessary to create and implement strategies that prevent and slow uncivil behaviors. Purpose To identify the nature, extent, and range of research related to antecedents and consequences of incivility in higher education. Objectives 1) To identify disciplines and programs sampled in higher education incivility research, and 2) to compare antecedents and consequences examined in nursing education research with other disciplines and programs in higher education. Design A scoping review of the literature. Data sources Eight electronic databases searched in January 2023 including MEDLINE Ovid, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest Education Database, Education Research Complete, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Review methods We included primary research articles examining antecedents or consequences of incivility in higher education. Two reviewers independently screened and determined inclusion of each study. Data extraction was completed. We employed a numerical descriptive summary to analyze the range of data and content analysis to categorize the antecedents and consequences of incivility in higher education. Results Database searches yielded 6678 unique articles. One hundred and nineteen studies published between 2003 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria, of which, 65 reported research in nursing education, and 54 in other programs and disciplines. A total of 91 antecedents and 50 consequences of incivility in higher education were reported. Stress (n = 12 nursing, n = 4 other programs), faculty incivility (n = 9 nursing, n = 5 other programs), and student incivility (n = 4 nursing, n = 5 other programs) were reported as antecedents of incivility in higher education. Physiological and psychological negative outcomes (n = 25 nursing, n = 12 other programs), stress (n = 6 nursing, n = 6 other programs), and faculty job satisfaction (n = 3 nursing, n = 2 other programs) were reported as consequences of incivility in higher education. Conclusions Supporting development of teaching practices and role modeling of civility by faculty is a crucial element to slowing the frequency of uncivil interactions between faculty and students. Specific strategies that target stress, such as, cognitive behavioral therapy, coping skills, and social support could mitigate incivility in higher education. Future research needs to examine the strength of the negative effects of incivility on physiological and psychological outcomes through advanced statistical methods, as well as the cumulative effects of uncivil behavior on these outcomes over time for both students and faculty. Application of advanced statistical methods can also support our understanding of sources of incivility as well as the accuracy of causal connections between its antecedents and consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Penconek
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton Health Clinic Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Leslie Hayduk
- Faculty of Arts- Sociology Department, University of Alberta, Tory (H.M.) Building, 11211 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H4, Canada
| | - Diane Kunyk
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton Health Clinic Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Greta G. Cummings
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton Health Clinic Academy, 11405 - 87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cottle J, Drozdik AL, Rimes KA. The Impact of Role Models and Mentors on the Mental and Physical Wellbeing of Sexual and Gender Minorities. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:417. [PMID: 38785907 PMCID: PMC11117900 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) experience a higher mental health burden compared to their cisgender, heterosexual counterparts. Role models and mentors are important for wellbeing and development; however, little evidence exists exploring their impact on SGM people. This systematic scoping review identifies their association with mental and physical wellbeing. Eight databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, ERIC, Science Citation Index, Scopus, EPub and PsychInfo) were searched for eligible publications from 2000 to 2022. Two researchers identified studies, extracted data, completed quality appraisals using CASP checklists, and grouped data into outcomes relating to role model impact. From 501 citations, 12 studies (n = 1468 SGM people aged 15-63 years) were included. Positive role models and mentors encouraged identity acceptance through destigmatisation and positive affirmation, increased SGMs' psychological wellbeing through improved psychological safety and self-confidence and improved their sexual health knowledge. Potential role models and mentors displaying negative behaviours could cause stigmatisation, as well as reduce identity acceptance and psychological safety. Information regarding the perceived influence of role models and mentors on substance abuse and other physical health outcomes was limited. SGMs report greater benefits from relationships with others of shared minority status, providing incentives to match mentees with role models and mentors who share or empathise with their experiences of marginalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Cottle
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anna L. Drozdik
- Department of Psychology, King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK;
| | - Katharine A. Rimes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Donnell NH, Erlichman S, Nickerson CG. Health Motivation in the Influencer Era: Analyzing Entertainment, Personal, and Social Media Role Models. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38686947 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2346679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This research explored how personal and entertainment role models motivate an individual's health goals, and how following a role model on social media affects this process. A survey of 404 adults revealed that identifying a personal role model, such as a family member, friend, or healthcare professional, had a stronger influence on health motivation in comparison to identifying an entertainment role model. Additionally, our findings indicated that following any role model on social media, whether a personal acquaintance or a celebrity, enhanced motivation. Role model attributes that mediated these relationships included perceived similarity, and in some instances, positive and negative norm deviance. This study highlights the importance of leveraging role model relationships in health communication campaigns and developing authentic influencer-driven health initiatives that feature relatable entertainment figures. Additionally, this research supports the need for further examination of how a role model's perceived positive or negative norm deviance influences motivational capability. We discuss implications for the motivational theory of role modeling, health promotion, and entertainment education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Erlichman
- College of Arts, Humanities and Sciences, Methodist University
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scheifele C, Van Laar C, Steffens MC. Predictors of expectant fathers' parental leave-taking intentions before birth: masculinity, fatherhood beliefs, and social support. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1247193. [PMID: 38410400 PMCID: PMC10895060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1247193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite continuing progress, men remain underrepresented in childcare, domestic labor, and other care work. Because parental leave is discussed as a gateway to increasing men's childcare engagement, we aimed to gain insights into predictors of men's parental leave-taking intentions during the transition to parenthood. Using outcomes on a continuum from behavioral preferences to more behavior-oriented measures, we examine how masculinity and fatherhood beliefs as well as social support become relevant during men's formation of their leave-taking intentions. Planned analyses of data collected from 143 expectant fathers in Belgium and Germany revealed that the support men perceive from their partners for taking leave predicts their parental leave-taking desire, intention, and planned length of leave. Moreover, men's conception of a prototypical man, especially in terms of agency, was linked to their desire to take leave. Against expectations, father role attitudes and workplace support did not emerge as relevant predictors of men's intended leave-taking. Results of exploratory analyses suggest that care engagement of peers, expected backlash, and self-efficacy beliefs additionally play a role in men's intended leave-taking. We discuss parental leave as a negotiation process within couples and review the role of men's normative environment for their intended leave-taking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Scheifele
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- PhD Fellow of the Research Foundation-Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Colette Van Laar
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melanie C Steffens
- Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dawson R, Gilchrist H, Pinheiro M, Nelson K, Bowes N, Sherrington C, Haynes A. Experiences of Older Adults, Physiotherapists, and Aged Care Staff in the TOP UP Telephysiotherapy Program: Interview Study of the TOP UP Interventions. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e53010. [PMID: 38324369 PMCID: PMC10882472 DOI: 10.2196/53010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telehealth provides opportunities for older adults to access health care. However, limited research exists on the use of telehealth within aged care services, particularly regarding physiotherapy-led fall prevention and mobility programs. Understanding the experiences and interactions of older adults, physiotherapists, and aged care service providers is crucial for the scale-up and sustainability of such essential programs. The TOP UP study, a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial in aged care, used a supported multidisciplinary telephysiotherapy model to motivate older adults to engage in exercises to improve mobility and reduce falls. OBJECTIVE This qualitative substudy aims to achieve 2 primary objectives: to describe the experiences and acceptability of the TOP UP intervention for older people, physiotherapists, and aged care support workers and managers and to gain an in-depth understanding of program implementation. METHODS A purposive recruitment strategy was used to select 18 older adults who participated in the TOP UP intervention, ensuring variation in age, gender, residential status (home or residential aged care), geographic location, and cognitive levels. In addition, 7 physiotherapists, 8 aged care support workers, and 6 managers from 7 different aged care provider partners participated in this study. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore stakeholders' experiences with the TOP UP program, gather suggestions for improvement, and obtain insights for the future implementation of similar telephysiotherapy programs. The interview framework and coding processes were informed by behavior changes and implementation frameworks. Data were analyzed using an abductive approach, informed by 2 behavioral change theories (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior Model and Self-Determination Theory) and the Nonadoption, Abandonment and Challenges to the Scale-Up, Spread and Sustainability of Health and Care Technologies framework. RESULTS All participants (n=39) reported high levels of acceptability for the TOP UP program and cited multiple perceived benefits. The thematic analysis generated 6 main themes: telephysiotherapy expands opportunity; tailored physiotherapy care with local support enhances motivation; engaging, older adult-friendly educational resources build capability; flexible reablement approach fosters autonomy; telephysiotherapy is safe, effective, and acceptable for many; and organizational commitment is required to embed telehealth. The motivation to exercise was enhanced by Zoom's convenience, use of tailored web-based exercise resources, and companionable local support. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the inherent value of telephysiotherapy in aged care, emphasizing the need for investment in staff training, local support, and older adult-friendly resources in future telephysiotherapy iterations. TOP UP represents a convenient and flexible web-based care model that empowers many older adults to receive sustainable, high-quality care precisely when and where they need it. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN 1261000734864; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12621000734864.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik Dawson
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Heidi Gilchrist
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | | | - Cathie Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Abby Haynes
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Local Health District, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kurt Y, Turhal E, Batmaz F. Nursing students' processes of taking role models and being role models: A descriptive phenomenological study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 132:106015. [PMID: 37939572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Role models are frequently viewed as a means of motivating people to adopt new behaviors and inspiring them to establish ambitious targets. Role models play a significant role in the characters of individuals and can be effective in shaping their career choices, education, and identities. Within the nursing profession, role models are integral to nursing students' journey towards understanding the nursing role and professional responsibility. For this reason, it is very important for nursing students to identify role models that support the development of students growth and development. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the qualities of nurses who serve as role models for senior undergraduate nursing students in shaping their professional attitudes and behaviors, identify the motivations behind selecting these individuals as role models. DESIGN A descriptive phenomenological research method was used. SETTINGS The research was conducted at a state university nursing school. PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted with the participation of 16 senior nursing students. METHODS Data collected from one-on-one interviews. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Student nurses mostly took clinical nurses and lecturers as professional role models. They were most impressed by their role models' knowledge, strong communication skills, and respect for human beings. To imitate their role models, students were willing to work in the clinic to improve their communication and psychomotor abilities and engaged in research and inquiry in areas where they felt insufficient. However, they also reported that most clinical nurses were not positive role models. They avoided taking nurses as role models because they had low communication skills, did not guide the student, and did not value human beings. CONCLUSIONS The study's findings indicated that student nurses were primarily influenced by clinical nurses and viewed them as both positive and negative role models, and they aspired to emulate the qualities of the nurses they considered positive role models while actively avoiding behaviors and traits associated with those seen as negative role models. Clinical nurses, who are in contact with prospective nurses the most, have an important role in guiding them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeter Kurt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Turhal
- Medical Education and Training Simulation Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Fulya Batmaz
- Medical Education and Training Simulation Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Knauf SA, O'Brien AJ, Kirkman AM. Implementation and Adaptation of the Safewards Model in the New Zealand Context. Perspectives of Tāngata Whai Ora and Staff. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:37-54. [PMID: 37988631 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2270048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The safety of service users and staff is paramount in cultivating a therapeutic environment within inpatient mental health units. The Safewards model, originating in the United Kingdom, aims to reduce conflict and containment rates through 10 interventions. This study used participatory action research to explore the perspective of tāngata whai ora and staff regarding the adaptation of the Safewards model to the unique New Zealand context. Such adaptation is critical due to significant health outcome disparities between Māori and non-Māori populations and the disproportionate representation of Māori within mental health services. In adhering to the principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi, cultural adaptation becomes an imperative obligation. The study utilised qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis, drawing data from focus groups of staff (n = 15) and tāngata whai ora (n = 3). This study describes a New Zealand Safewards model, which must include Te Ao Māori, align with current practices, adapt Safewards interventions and gain acceptance. Organisational change management is pivotal in the integration of this model into nursing practice. The outcomes of this study hold the potential to contribute to the formulation and implementation of a New Zealand Safewards model, while also bearing relevance for the international adaptation of Safewards to culturally diverse countries and healthcare systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anne Knauf
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Anthony John O'Brien
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Knauf SA, O'Brien AJ, Kirkman AM. An analysis of the barriers and enablers to implementing the Safewards model within inpatient mental health services. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:1525-1543. [PMID: 37381096 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Mental health inpatient units can provide a sanctuary for people to recover from mental illness. To support a therapeutic environment, the safety and well-being of service users and staff need protection through reduced conflict and containment rates. The Safewards model identifies 10 interventions to prevent conflict and containment. This paper aims to present barriers and enablers to implementing Safewards by analysing current literature on the Safewards model. It will also compare the Safewards model to New Zealand's Six Core Strategies. In a systematic search of 12 electronic databases following the PRISMA flow chart, 22 primary studies were included in this analysis. JBI tools were used for quality appraisal and deductive content analysis was used to organize and interpret data. Four categories were identified: (a) designing the Safewards interventions and implementation; (b) staff participation and perception of Safewards; (c) healthcare system influences on Safewards implementation; (d) service user participation and perception of Safewards. To support successful Safewards implementation in future practice, this review recommends that Safewards implementation is enabled through robust design of the Safewards interventions and implementation methods; staff participation and positive perception of the Safewards model; a resourced healthcare system that prioritizes Safewards implementation; service user awareness and participation in Safewards interventions. Interactionist perspectives may support the implementation of Safewards. This analysis is limited by research settings mostly being inpatient adult services and inadequate capturing of the service user voice. An ongoing review of barriers and enablers is important for supporting future Safewards implementation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Katz-Navon T, Delegach M, Haim E. Contagious charisma: the flow of charisma from leader to followers and the role of followers' self-monitoring. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1239974. [PMID: 38022951 PMCID: PMC10656777 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1239974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Charisma, the captivating attribute that endows an individual with the power to inspire and influence others, is frequently associated with possessing an attractive personality, effective communication skills, and the capacity to draw people in and lead them. The concept of the trickle-down effect in leadership theory suggests that the characteristics of a leader's style including perceptions, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors, have the potential to be "contagious" and spread to their followers. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether and when a leader's charisma may be transferred to followers, as charisma is predominantly a trait associated with the leader. Integrating insights from the social learning, emotional contagion, and self-concept theories, we propose that charisma can cascade downward from the leader to followers and that this effect is contingent on the individual follower's level of self-monitoring. Measuring a sample of 127 followers and 15 leaders in a large organization at two time points, we found that throughout time the leader's charisma indeed cascaded down to followers, i.e., followers of a charismatic leader were perceived as more charismatic throughout time. However, this effect was prominent only for low-monitoring followers. Novel insights into the flow-down effect of charisma, avenues for future research, and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Katz-Navon
- Arison School of Business, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | | | - Eden Haim
- Arison School of Business, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alhothali GT, Aljefree NM. Young adults' sought gratifications from, and perceptions of food advertising by, social media influencers: a qualitative approach. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:103. [PMID: 37752524 PMCID: PMC10521410 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore young adults' sought gratifications from social media influencers and whether they are exposed to food advertising by influencers. Further, it aims to understand how young individuals perceive food advertisements by social media influencers. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted on 17 students from two public universities-King Abdul Aziz and Jeddah universities-located in the City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using in-depth, face-to-face, and semi-structured interviews. The participants were active users of social media platforms who followed at least one influencer. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative research (see Additional file 2) were followed when stating the findings. RESULTS The findings reveal ten themes, that is, seven gratifications sought by young adults-broadening knowledge, perceived usefulness, self-improvement, boosting positivity, fostering morale, reinforcing inspiration, and passing time/enjoyment-and three themes (i.e. repeated, authentic, and unhealthy) that describe how Saudi young adults perceive food advertising. CONCLUSION This study contributes to social media influencer marketing by identifying the factors that motivate young consumers to follow influencers, and it elucidates the extent to which young adults are exposed to food marketing, adding to the body of literature on food advertising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Talat Alhothali
- Marketing Department, College of Business, University of Jeddah, 3795, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Najlaa M Aljefree
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haregu T, Aziz Z, Cao Y, Sathish T, Thankappan KR, Panniyammakal J, Absetz P, Mathews E, Balachandran S, Fisher EB, Oldenburg B. A peer support program results in greater health benefits for peer leaders than other participants: evidence from the Kerala diabetes prevention program. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1175. [PMID: 37337201 PMCID: PMC10278268 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer support programs are promising approaches to diabetes prevention. However, there is still limited evidence on the health benefits of peer support programs for lay peer leaders. PURPOSE To examine whether a peer support program designed for diabetes prevention resulted in greater improvements in health behaviors and outcomes for peer leaders as compared to other participants. METHODS 51 lay peer leaders and 437 participants from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program were included. Data were collected at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. We compared behavioral, clinical, biochemical, and health-related quality of life parameters between peer leaders and their peers at the three time-points. RESULTS After 12 months, peer leaders showed significant improvements in leisure time physical activity (+ 17.7% vs. + 3.4%, P = 0.001) and health-related quality of life (0.0 vs. + 0.1, P = 0.004); and a significant reduction in alcohol use (-13.6% vs. -6.6%, P = 0.012) and 2-hour plasma glucose (-4.1 vs. + 9.9, P = 0.006), as compared to participants. After 24 months, relative to baseline, peer leaders had significant improvements in fruit and vegetable intake (+ 34.5% vs. + 26.5%, P = 0.017) and leisure time physical activity (+ 7.9% vs. -0.9%, P = 0.009); and a greater reduction in alcohol use (-13.6% vs. -4.9%, P = 0.008), and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.04 vs. -0.02, P = 0.014), as compared to participants. However, only the changes in fruit and vegetable intake and waist-to-hip ratio were maintained between 12 and 24 months. CONCLUSION Being a peer leader in a diabetes prevention program was associated with greater health benefits during and after the intervention period. Further studies are needed to examine the long-term sustainability of these benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Haregu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Zahra Aziz
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yingting Cao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Jeemon Panniyammakal
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Pilvikki Absetz
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elezebeth Mathews
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | | | - Edwin B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Brian Oldenburg
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Frühauf M, Hildebrandt J, Mros T, Zander L, McElvany N, Hannover B. Does an immigrant teacher help immigrant students cope with negative stereotypes? Preservice teachers' and school students' perceptions of teacher bias and motivational support, as well as stereotype threat effects on immigrant students' learning. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2023:1-41. [PMID: 37362049 PMCID: PMC10257183 DOI: 10.1007/s11218-023-09793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Can immigrant school students profit from an immigrant teacher sharing their minority background? We investigate preservice teachers' (Study 1; Mage = 26.29 years; 75.2% female) and school students' (Study 2; Mage = 14.88 years; 49.9% female) perceptions of a teacher as well as immigrant school students' learning gains (Study 2) by comparing four experimental video conditions in which a female teacher with a Turkish or German name instructs school students in a task while either saying that learning gains differed (stereotype activation) or did not differ (no stereotype activation) between immigrant and non-immigrant students. Study 1 shows that preservice teachers, regardless of their own cultural background, perceived the Turkish origin teacher as less biased, even when she voiced the stereotype, and as more motivationally supportive of school students in general than the German origin teacher. Study 2 shows that in contrast, among school students, the minority teacher was not perceived as less biased than the majority teacher. Rather, immigrant school students, in particular those with Turkish roots, were more concerned than students of the German majority that the teacher-irrespective of her background-was biased. Interestingly, these differences between students from different backgrounds disappeared when the teacher said that learning gains differed between immigrant and non-immigrant students. Immigrant school students of non-Turkish backgrounds, but not Turkish origin students suffered in their learning when instructed by the Turkish origin teacher who voiced the stereotype. We discuss implications for teacher recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madita Frühauf
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Hildebrandt
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Mros
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nele McElvany
- Institut Für Schulentwicklungsforschung IFS (Institute for School Development Research), Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bettina Hannover
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spaans I, de Kleijn R, Seeleman C, Dilaver G. 'A role model is like a mosaic': reimagining URiM students' role models in medical school. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:396. [PMID: 37264380 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Role modelling is a widely acknowledged element of medical education and it is associated with a range of beneficial outcomes for medical students, such as contributing to professional identity development and a sense of belonging. However, for students who are racially and ethnically underrepresented in medicine (URiM), identification with clinical role models may not be self-evident, as they have no shared ethnic background as a basis for social comparison. This study aims to learn more about the role models of URiM students during medical school and about the added value of representative role models. METHODS In this qualitative study we used a concept-guided approach to explore URiM alumni's experiences with role models during medical school. We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten URiM alumni about their perception of role models, who their own role models were during medical school and why they considered these figures as role models. Sensitizing concepts guided the topic list, interview questions and finally served as deductive codes in the first round of coding. RESULTS The participants needed time to think about what a role model is and who their own role models are. Having role models was not self-evident as they had never thought about it before, and participants appeared hesitant and uncomfortable discussing representative role models. Eventually, all participants identified not one, but multiple people as their role model. These role models served different functions: role models from outside medical school, such as parents, motivated them to work hard. Clinical role models were fewer and functioned primarily as examples of professional behaviour. The participants experienced a lack of representation rather than a lack of role models. CONCLUSIONS This study presents us with three ways to reimagine role models in medical education. First, as culturally embedded: having a role model is not as self-evident as it appears in existing role model literature, which is largely based on research conducted in the U.S. Second, as cognitive constructs: the participants engaged in selective imitation, where they did not have one archetypical clinical role model, but rather approach role models as a mosaic of elements from different people. Third, role models carry not only a behavioural but also a symbolical value, the latter of which is particularly important for URiM students because it relies heavier on social comparison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Spaans
- Educational Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500 (HP: HB 4.05), Utrecht, 3508, GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Renske de Kleijn
- Educational Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500 (HP: HB 4.05), Utrecht, 3508, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Conny Seeleman
- Educational Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500 (HP: HB 4.05), Utrecht, 3508, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Gönül Dilaver
- Educational Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Postbus 85500 (HP: HB 4.05), Utrecht, 3508, GA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Midgley C, Lockwood P, Hu LY. Maximizing Women's Motivation in Domains Dominated by Men: Personally Known Versus Famous Role Models. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2023; 47:213-230. [PMID: 37168387 PMCID: PMC10164238 DOI: 10.1177/03616843231156165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Two studies (n = 1,522) examined the impact of role models in sport and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains where gender discrimination has resulted in a lack of high-profile women. We examined the role of gender matching of personally known and famous exemplars on women's and men's motivation. Participants nominated a woman or man in sport (Study 1) or STEM (Study 2) who was either famous or known to them personally; they then indicated the extent to which they perceived this individual to be a motivating role model. Women and men were more motivated by personally known (vs. famous) role models. For famous exemplars, both women and men were most motivated by same-gender models (Studies 1 and 2). For personally known exemplars, men were similarly motivated by same- and other-gender models (Studies 1 and 2), but women were more motivated by same-gender models in sport (Study 1). Mediation analyses indicated that personally known (vs. famous) exemplars and, for women, same- (vs. other-) gender exemplars, were perceived as more attainable future selves and consequently were more motivating (Study 2). Given that there are fewer famous women in domains dominated by men, it is important to know if women can be inspired by personally known rather than famous individuals. These studies provide insight into the kinds of exemplars that are most motivating for women and may serve as a guide for educators and other practitioners seeking to provide the best role models for girls and women in domains dominated by men. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website athttp://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231156165.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Midgley
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Penelope Lockwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Y. Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Serasinghe N, Vepsäläinen H, Lehto R, Abdollahi AM, Erkkola M, Roos E, Ray C. Associations between socioeconomic status, home food availability, parental role-modeling, and children's fruit and vegetable consumption: a mediation analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1037. [PMID: 37259139 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent literature has suggested that associations and interactions between family socioeconomic status (SES) and home food environment influence children's diet, but little is known about the mediation roles of parental role-modeling and food availability in the socioeconomic inequalities of children's diet. This study aimed to determine the associations between family SES and children's fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and to assess the mediation roles of parental role-modeling and food availability in the above associations. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 574 Finnish children (aged 3 to 6) were analyzed. Parents completed an FFQ assessing their children's FV consumption frequency and a questionnaire assessing SES and home food environment. Two exposure variables: parental educational level ("low", "middle", and "high") and the relative family income tertiles of the family were used. The frequencies of parental role-modeling of FV and sugary food and drink (SFD) consumption, and the availability of FV and SFD at home were calculated. Single- and multiple-mediator models were created using IBM SPSS 27.0. RESULTS The positive association between high parental educational level and children's FV consumption (direct effect coefficient: 2.76, 95% CI: 0.51-4.86) was partially mediated by more frequent parental role-modeling of FV consumption (indirect effect coefficient: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.10-1.76), higher availability of FV (indirect effect coefficient: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.35-1.77), and lower availability of SFD (indirect effect coefficient: -0.30, 95% CI: -0.72 - -0.01). The relative family income was not directly associated with the outcome. However, the higher relative family income level indirectly predicted the Children's FV consumption (full mediation) through more frequent parental role-modeling of FV consumption (indirect effect coefficient: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.06-1.83) and higher availability of FV (indirect effect coefficient: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.40-1.67). Parental role-modeling on SFD consumption did not mediate any of the above associations. CONCLUSIONS Parental educational level showed more associations with children's FV consumption than relative family income. Our findings suggest that reducing the availability of SFD is as important as increasing the availability of FV to enhance children's FV consumption. Future interventions to improve children's dietary behaviors should pay greater attention to the lower SES segments of society. Longitudinal studies and intervention studies supporting these findings are needed for making meaningful recommendations for health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Serasinghe
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland.
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Reetta Lehto
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anna M Abdollahi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Carola Ray
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Falbén JK, Golubickis M, Tsamadi D, Persson LM, Macrae CN. The power of the unexpected: Prediction errors enhance stereotype-based learning. Cognition 2023; 235:105386. [PMID: 36773491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Stereotyping is a ubiquitous feature of social cognition, yet surprisingly little is known about how group-related beliefs influence the acquisition of person knowledge. Accordingly, in combination with computational modeling (i.e., Reinforcement Learning Drift Diffusion Model analysis), here we used a probabilistic selection task to explore the extent to which gender stereotypes impact instrumental learning. Several theoretically interesting effects were observed. First, reflecting the impact of cultural socialization on person construal, an expectancy-based preference for stereotype-consistent (vs. stereotype-inconsistent) responses was observed. Second, underscoring the potency of unexpected information, learning rates were faster for counter-stereotypic compared to stereotypic individuals, both for negative and positive prediction errors. Collectively, these findings are consistent with predictive accounts of social perception and have implications for the conditions under which stereotyping can potentially be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Falbén
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK.
| | - Marius Golubickis
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsamadi
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Linn M Persson
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - C Neil Macrae
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Joo MK, Cruz KS. Formal Mentoring and Protégés’ Leadership Development: The Roles of Protégés’ Informal Mentoring Networks, Political Skill, and Gender. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10596011221150869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We seek to better understand how formal mentoring may impact protégés’ leadership development by arguing that protégés’ informal mentoring networks help explain the relationship between formal mentoring and two protégé leadership development outcomes: motivation to lead and promotability. We also argue that protégés’ political skill and gender serve as boundary conditions of these mediated relationships. Using 100 South Korean mentor-protégé dyads in four organizations across three points in time, we find that a higher level of formal mentoring is positively associated with the quality of protégés’ informal mentoring networks, which, in turn, is positively associated with protégés’ motivation to lead, but not protégés’ promotability. We also find that the relationship between a higher level of formal mentoring and the quality of protégés’ informal mentoring networks is strengthened when protégés have a higher level of political skill. In addition, we find that female protégés obtain more informal mentoring networking benefits from their formal mentors than male protégés. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nater C, Heilman ME, Sczesny S. Footsteps I would like to follow? How gender quotas affect the acceptance of women leaders as role models and inspirations for leadership. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa Nater
- Department of Psychology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Sabine Sczesny
- Department of Psychology University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abel M, Brown W. Prosocial behavior in the time of COVID-19: The effect of private and public role models. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS 2022; 101:101942. [PMID: 36188167 PMCID: PMC9508698 DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2022.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In public good provision and other collective action problems, people are uncertain about how to balance self-interest and prosociality. Actions of others may inform this decision. We conduct an experiment to test the effect of watching private citizens and public officials acting in ways that either increase or decrease the spread of the coronavirus. For private role models, positive examples lead to a 34% increase in donations to the CDC Emergency Fund and a 20% increase in learning about COVID-19-related volunteering compared to negative examples. For public role models these effects are reversed. Negative examples lead to a 29% and 53% increase in donations and volunteering, respectively, compared to positive examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Abel
- Bowdoin College, IZA, JPAL, 255 Maine St, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States
| | - Willa Brown
- Bowdoin College, IZA, JPAL, 255 Maine St, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li T, Lu R. Social undermining as a dark side of symbolic awards: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
23
|
Matlary RED, Grinda N, Sayers F, Versloot O, McLaughlin P. Promoting physical activity for people with haemophilia in the age of new treatments. Haemophilia 2022; 28:885-890. [PMID: 35896000 PMCID: PMC9796679 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilia treatment has seen great advances in recent years with an accompanied reduced risk of physical activity (PA) related bleeds. Based on its known health benefits, people with haemophilia (PWH) are currently encouraged to regularly engage in PA. However, this may not always translate to increased levels of PA. In this narrative review we aim to provide a brief overview of what is currently understood regarding PA levels and influences for the three broad age groups of children and adolescents, adults and older adults. We also provide recommendations for members of the haemophilia team on important aspects related to promotion of PA in their clinical practice. We highlight that PA behaviour is multifactorial and that many PWH still have limited access to adequate care. Whilst some still face unique challenges to being more physically active, overall, the barriers and facilitators to activity are very similar to that of the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Elise D. Matlary
- Department of HaematologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway,Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Nathalie Grinda
- Haemophilia Reference CentreBicêtre Hospital AP‐HP University Paris XIParisFrance
| | - Fionnuala Sayers
- Haemophilia Comprehensive Care CentreBelfast Health and Social Care TrustBelfastUK
| | - Olav Versloot
- Centre for Benign Haematology, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands,Department of PhysiotherapyInstitute of Movement StudiesUniversity of Applied ScienceUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Paul McLaughlin
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre and Thrombosis UnitRoyal Free London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xie LF, Housni A, Nakhla M, Cianci R, Leroux C, Da Costa D, Brazeau AS. Adaptation of an adult web application for type 1 diabetes self-management to youth: use of the Behaviour Change Wheel to tailor the needs of healthcare transition- A qualitative study (Preprint). JMIR Diabetes 2022; 8:e42564. [PMID: 37121571 PMCID: PMC10173038 DOI: 10.2196/42564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth (aged 14-24 years) living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) encounter increased challenges in their diabetes self-management (DSM), especially during the transition to adult care. Although DSM education and support are imperative, there is insufficient information on how web-based digital tools tailored to their demands can be developed. OBJECTIVE On the basis of the Behavior Change Wheel, this study aims to identify, among youth living with T1D, the needs and factors influencing their DSM in the context of health care transition and to inform the adaptation (content and features) of an adult self-guided web application (Support). METHODS Internet-based semistructured individual interviews based on a phenomenological study design were conducted with 21 youths, and transcripts were analyzed using an inductive approach with concept mapping. RESULTS Factors influencing T1D self-management were categorized into barriers and facilitators and then as external or internal. Features influencing the accessibility to information, increasing the sense of support, and use of the tool were positively accepted. Features unrelated to their expectations of digital tool use or difficulty navigating were viewed negatively. Participants expressed an interest in reliable, practical, and novel educational content. Although youth considered the information provided by medical professionals to be important, peer exchange was deemed necessary to obtain a practical perspective and real-life examples. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the adult population, in addition to tailored content and a simplified information search process, when building a DSM education and support digital tool for youth, features should be selected to encourage supervised peer exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng Xie
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Asmaa Housni
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Meranda Nakhla
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rosemarie Cianci
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Leroux
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Da Costa
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Brazeau
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stärk KDC, Sifford R, van Andel M. Who wants to be a chief veterinary officer (CVO)?–Thoughts on promoting leadership diversity in the public veterinary sector. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:937718. [PMID: 36032281 PMCID: PMC9399437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.937718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina D. C. Stärk
- Federal Food and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Katharina D. C. Stärk
| | - Rosemary Sifford
- United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mary van Andel
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu X, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Sun X, Han H, Ye Z. Stress/Resource Complex, Sense of Coherence and Professional Identity Among Nursing Students: A Latent Profile and Mediation Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2409-2420. [PMID: 36065461 PMCID: PMC9440726 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s378088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sense of coherence is significant to mental health and professional development in nursing students. However, the association among stress/resource complex, sense of coherence, and professional identity is less explored in nursing students. This study was designed to identify latent subtypes of stress/resource complex and to evaluate the mediating role of sense of coherence between stress/resource complex types and professional identity in nursing students. Participants and Methods A total of 595 nursing students were recruited from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC) between October and December 2021 and administered with 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale, and Professional Identity Questionnaire for Undergraduate Students. Latent profile analysis and mediation analysis were performed. Results Three latent subtypes of stress/resource complex were identified: Flexibility (14.8%), Ordinary (44.2%), and Maladjustment (41.0%). Nursing students with role model were prone to Ordinary (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.03–2.13, p = 0.035) and Flexibility (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.17–3.16, p = 0.011). The association between stress/resource complex types and professional identity was mediated by sense of coherence (P < 0.05). Conclusion There exists heterogeneity in nursing students’ stress/resource complex. The association between stress/resource complex subtypes and professional identity was mediated by sense of coherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzi Lu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qishan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- School of Marine Finance and Economics, Qingdao Engineering Vocational College, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengjie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zengjie Ye, School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +15914411786, Email
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoekstra F, Schaefer L, Athanasopoulos P, Gainforth HL. Researchers' and Research Users' Experiences With and Reasons for Working Together in Spinal Cord Injury Research Partnerships: A Qualitative Study. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:1401-1412. [PMID: 34060273 PMCID: PMC9808362 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research partnership approaches are becoming popular within spinal cord injury (SCI) health research system, providing opportunities to explore experiences of and learn from SCI research partnership champions. This study aimed to explore and describe SCI researchers' and research users' (RU') experiences with and reasons for conducting and/or disseminating (health) research in partnership in order to gain more insight into potentially ways to build capacity for and foster change to support research partnerships within a health research system. METHODS Underpinned by a pragmatic perspective, ten semi-structured timeline interviews were conducted with researchers and RU who have experiences with SCI research partnerships. Interviews focused on experiences in participants' lives that have led them to become a person who conducts and/or disseminates research in partnership. Data were analysed using narrative thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified three threads from participants' stories: (1) seeing and valuing different perspectives, (2) inspirational role models, and (3) relational and personal aspect of research partnerships. We identified sub-threads related to experiences that participants draw on how they came to be a person who engage in (health) research partnerships, and sub-threads related to participants' reasons for engaging in research partnerships. While most sub-threads were identified from both researchers' and RU' perspectives (eg, partnership successes and failures), some were unique for researchers (morally the right thing to do) or RU (advocating). CONCLUSION Using a narrative and pragmatic approach, this study provided a new understanding of SCI researchers' and RU' partnership experiences over time. We found that participants' research partnership experiences and motivations align with components of leadership theories. The findings from this study may be used to inform strategies and policy programs to build capacity for conducting and disseminating (health) research in partnership, within and beyond SCI research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Hoekstra
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lee Schaefer
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Heather L. Gainforth
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lamb E, Burford B, Alberti H. The impact of role modelling on the future general practitioner workforce: a systematic review. EDUCATION FOR PRIMARY CARE 2022; 33:265-279. [PMID: 35904161 PMCID: PMC9519122 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2022.2079097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Role modelling has been identified as an important phenomenon in medical education. Key reports have highlighted the ability of role modelling to support medical students towards careers in family medicine although the literature of specific relevance to role modelling in speciality has not been systematically explored. This systematic review aimed to fill this evidence gap by assimilating the worldwide literature on the impact of role modelling on the future general practitioner (GP) workforce. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ERIC and CINAHL, and all authors were involved in the article screening process. A review protocol determined those articles selected for inclusion, which were then quality assessed, coded and thematically analysed. Forty-six articles were included which generated four broad themes: the identity of role models in general practice, role modelling and becoming a doctor, the impact of role modelling on attitudes towards the speciality, and the subsequent influence on behaviours/career choice. Our systematic review confirmed that role modelling in both primary and secondary care has a crucial impact on the future GP workforce, with the potential to shape perceptions, to attract and deter individuals from the career, and to support their development as professionals. Role modelling must be consciously employed and supported as an educational strategy to facilitate the training of future GPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lamb
- School of Medical Education, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bryan Burford
- School of Medical Education, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hugh Alberti
- School of Medical Education, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Living with tensions in the workplace: a grounded theory of paradoxical leadership in cultivating subordinates' paradox mindset. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-04-2021-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the process of how paradoxical leadership cultivates subordinates' paradox mindset.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the grounded theory approach. Data collection included semi-structured interviews and observations from eleven top managers and their six subordinates in five Chinese organizations. Managers and their subordinates were asked how they perceived and dealt with tensions in the workplace.FindingsParadoxical leadership promotes subordinates' paradox mindset by helping them learn to face, cope, and live with tensions. First, paradoxical leaders acted as role models for their subordinates and directly influenced followers' attitudes, motivation, and positive psychological states towards tensions. Moreover, when managers help their subordinates reduce stress and anxiety and build confidence, followers learn to cope with tensions. Consequently, subordinates' capacity to live with tensions is increased and they develop the paradox mindset.Practical implicationsThe results imply that reducing subordinates' stress and anxiety and building their confidence can be integrated into work practices and training, which provide insights for managers to cultivate their subordinates' paradox mindset.Originality/valueThis paper investigates how paradoxical leadership impacts and cultivates subordinates' paradox mindset in a tension-setting work environment. The findings not only provide fresh insights into the detailed process of developing employees' paradox mindset but also deepen the understanding of the leader–follower relationship.
Collapse
|
30
|
Percy Lavon Julian: A man who rose to every occasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208883119. [PMID: 35858294 PMCID: PMC9303999 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208883119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kuchynka SL, Reifsteck TV, Gates AE, Rivera LM. Which STEM relationships promote science identities, attitudes, and social belonging? A longitudinal investigation with high school students from underrepresented groups. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-022-09705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Prinsloo CJ, Jooste K. Experiences of nurses practising mindfulness during self-leadership in delivering a rapid response system for general wards in a private hospital in Gauteng. Curationis 2022; 45:e1-e9. [PMID: 35924612 PMCID: PMC9350476 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v45i1.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased complexity of the nursing care needs of patients and acuity in general wards present nursing care challenges for nurses. Self-led nurses are attentive, taking responsibility for activating the rapid response service when a patient is starting to deteriorate. Objectives The purpose of this article is to describe nurses’ experiences practising mindfulness during self-leadership in delivering a rapid response system (RRS) in a private hospital in Gauteng. Method A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was followed. Homogenous purposive sampling was used and a total of eight focus groups were conducted. Focus groups durations were between 45 min and 60 min. The data analysis was carried out through open coding on Atlas.ti using the noticing things, collecting things and thinking about things (NCT) approach. An independent coder met with the researcher during a consensus meeting and finalised the analysis. Results The findings indicated an underlying theme of nurses being mindful in their self-leadership through the development of self-motivation and self-direction in the RRS. Three categories with six subcategories emerged from the data analysis, namely self-motivation in an RRS by the team, self-direction through role-modelling to peers and training. Conclusion Nurses practised mindfulness during self-leadership, utilising behavioural and natural reward approaches and constructive thought patterns. These findings could assist management with developing training programmes for nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine J Prinsloo
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; and, Department of Health Studies, College of Humanities, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kvalø M, Olsen M, Thorsteinsen K, Olsson MIT, Martiny SE. Does the Stereotypicality of Mothers' Occupation Influence Children's Communal Occupational Aspirations and Communal Orientation? Front Psychol 2022; 12:730859. [PMID: 35755179 PMCID: PMC9231506 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Career development is a lifelong process that starts in infancy and is shaped by a number of different factors during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Even though career development is shaped through life, relatively little is known about the predictors of occupational aspirations in childhood. Therefore, in the present work we investigate how the stereotypicality of a mother’s occupation (female-dominated/communal vs. non-female-dominated/agentic) influences her young child’s communal occupational aspirations and communal orientation. We conducted two studies with young children. Study 1 included 72 mother–child dyads recruited from childcare centers in Northern Norway (children’s age range: 4½–6 years). Study 2 included 106 mother–child dyads recruited from Norwegian elementary schools (children’s age range: 6 to 13 years). Results from Study 1 showed that the stereotypicality of mothers’ occupation was related to their children’s communal occupational aspirations and children’s communal orientation. In contrast to our predictions and results from Study 1, the stereotypicality of mothers’ occupation was not significantly related to children’s communal occupational aspirations nor their communal orientation in Study 2. In both studies, we found no relationship between mothers’ gender attitudes or share of child care and children’s communal occupational aspirations. The results are discussed in terms of parents’ influence on children’s development of occupational aspirations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kvalø
- Department of Psychology, Research Group Social Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marte Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Research Group Social Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjærsti Thorsteinsen
- Department of Psychology, Research Group Social Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria I T Olsson
- Department of Psychology, Research Group Social Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Inland School of Business and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Sarah E Martiny
- Department of Psychology, Research Group Social Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Quinn JS, Roberts ED, Chen WL, Doubledee R, Brown Urban J, Linver MR. Motivating Positive Youth Outcomes Through Proximal, Relevant, and Attainable Inspirational Figures. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on data from a study of middle- to upper-middle class Scottish S2 (~seventh grade) students who participated in Inspiring Purpose, a school-based character development program, during the 2016 to 2017 school year. Directed by their teachers, participating youth reflected on values and future aspirations and researched and wrote about an inspiring person. We examine the hypotheses that youth who select a more proximal inspiring figure and/or make a personal connection with that person will demonstrate higher developmental outcomes in the areas of confidence, contribution, self-reflection, goal development, and self-concept. We connected 230 student posters of inspirational figures, 34 youth interviews, and 462 student surveys. Mixed-method analysis revealed students were more likely to describe proximal figures as inspiring and make explicit personal connections over the course of their engagement with the Inspiring Purpose program. Moreover, youth who made personal connections were more likely to score higher on confidence, general self-concept, and contribution. These results suggest that when youth see themselves in inspiring figures and firmly articulate this connection, this can spur beneficial developmental outcomes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Pinto da Costa M. An Intervention to Connect Patients With Psychosis and Volunteers via Smartphone (the Phone Pal): Development Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e35086. [PMID: 35653171 PMCID: PMC9204578 DOI: 10.2196/35086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervention development is a critical stage. However, evidence indicates that the substandard reporting of intervention details is widespread. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide an overview of the guiding frameworks, methodology, and stages for the design and construction of a new complex intervention-the Phone Pal. METHODS The intervention development process followed the Medical Research Council framework for developing complex interventions as well as the person-based approach. The intervention was developed following the evidence synthesis of a literature review, a focus group study, and a survey after consultation and input from advisory groups with a range of stakeholders, including patients, volunteers, clinicians, and academics. RESULTS The developed logic model outlines the contextual factors, intervention, mechanisms of change, and short- and long-term outcomes. The operationalized intervention required matching 1 patient with 1 volunteer to communicate with each other through a smartphone via SMS text messages, WhatsApp messages or email, and audio or video calls. Each participant was encouraged to communicate with their match at least once per week for a 12-week period using informal conversation. CONCLUSIONS The systematic process and theoretically sound strategy through which this intervention was developed can provide insights to future researchers on the reality of developing and preparing the operationalization of a digital intervention using multiple components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinto da Costa
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | -
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Febria CM, Kashian DR, Bertrand KRT, Dabney B, Day M, Dugdale M, Ekhator KO, Esparra-Escalera HJ, Graham R, Harshaw K, Hunt DS, Knorr S, Lewandowski K, Linn C, Lucas A, Mundle SOC, Raoufi G, Salter C, Siddiqua Z, Tyagi S, Wallen MM. Early career researchers benefit from inclusive, diverse and international collaborations: Changing how academic institutions utilize the seminar series. JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH 2022; 48:849-855. [PMID: 36591538 PMCID: PMC9789328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to make research environments more inclusive and diverse are beneficial for the next generation of Great Lakes researchers. The global COVID-19 pandemic introduced circumstances that forced graduate programs and academic institutions to re-evaluate and promptly pivot research traditions, such as weekly seminar series, which are critical training grounds and networking opportunities for early career researchers (ECRs). While several studies have established that academics with funded grants and robust networks were better able to weather the abrupt changes in research and closures of institutions, ECRs did not. In response, both existing and novel partnerships provided a resilient network to support ECRs at an essential stage of their career development. Considering these challenges, we sought to re-frame the seminar series as a virtual collaboration for ECRs. Two interdisciplinary graduate programs, located in different countries (Windsor, Canada, and Detroit, USA) invested in a year-long partnership to deliver a virtual-only seminar series that intentionally promoted: the co-creation of protocols and co-led roles, the amplification of justice, equity, diversity and inclusion throughout all aspects of organization and representation, engagement and amplification through social media, the integration of social, scientific and cultural research disciplines, all of which collectively showcased the capacity of our ECRs to lead, organize and communicate. This approach has great potential for application across different communities to learn through collaboration and sharing, and to empower the next generation to find new ways of working together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Febria
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Donna R Kashian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kory R T Bertrand
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Brittanie Dabney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Matthew Day
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Madison Dugdale
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Kate O Ekhator
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Ryan Graham
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Keira Harshaw
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Darrin S Hunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Savannah Knorr
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Katrina Lewandowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Colleen Linn
- Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, 656 West Kirby, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Allison Lucas
- Department of Communication, Wayne State University, 585 Manoogian Hall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Scott O C Mundle
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Gelareh Raoufi
- Department of Education, Wayne State University, 5425 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Chelsea Salter
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Zoha Siddiqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Smita Tyagi
- School of the Environment, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Megan M Wallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lesperance K, Hofer S, Retelsdorf J, Holzberger D. Reducing gender differences in student motivational-affective factors: A meta-analysis of school-based interventions. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 92:1502-1536. [PMID: 35581750 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that gender differences tend to exist in student motivational-affective factors in core subjects such as math, science or reading, where one gender is stereotypically disadvantaged. AIMS This study aimed to investigate strategies that could reduce these gender differences by conducting a meta-analysis on school-based intervention studies that targeted student motivational-affective factors. We therefore evaluated whether interventions had differential effects for male and female students' motivational-affective factors in a given academic subject. We also evaluated potential moderator variables. METHOD After conducting a systematic database search and screening abstracts for inclusion, we synthesized 71 effect sizes from 20 primary studies. All included studies were conducted in science or mathematics-related subjects, which are stereotypically female-disadvantaged. RESULTS While the interventions had significant positive effects for both genders, there was no statistically significant difference between the two genders with regard to the intervention effects on motivational-affective factors. However, the descriptive effect size for female students (g = .49) was far greater than for male students (g = .28). Moderator analyses showed no significant effects for grade level, intervention duration, or school subject, but there was a significant influence of intervention method used. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that school-based interventions have positive effects on motivational-affective factors for both genders. It also provides evidence that interventions in subjects where female students are stereotypically disadvantaged may have greater effects for females than for males. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaley Lesperance
- Centre for International Student Assessment, Professorship for Research on Learning and Instruction, TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Hofer
- Faculty of Education and Educational Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Retelsdorf
- Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Holzberger
- Centre for International Student Assessment, Professorship for Research on Learning and Instruction, TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leroy N, Max S, Pansu P. Is Emma or Liam the Top Scorer in Math? The Effects of a Counter-Stereotypical Role Model on Math Achievement. SEX ROLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-022-01289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
39
|
Johnson IR, Pietri ES. Ally endorsement: Exploring allyship cues to promote perceptions of allyship and positive STEM beliefs among White female students. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221080467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) domains are White-male-dominated; yet, investigations exploring how White men scientists can counter women’s underrepresentation are lacking. We examined whether exposure to a White male scientist endorsed as an ally by a gender ingroup member (i.e., an allyship cue) encouraged identity-safety and positive STEM beliefs among White female students. Relative to a White male scientist without an allyship cue, participants that viewed an endorsed scientist reported greater perceptions of allyship, identity-safety (Experiment 1–3), interest, and self-efficacy in computer science (Experiments 2 and 3). In Experiment 3, we recruited White women in STEM and found that ally endorsement from a White or Black female, but not a White male, promoted identity-safety. Moreover, the endorsed scientist encouraged perceptions that they possessed a shared reality with participants and recognized the bias that women in STEM face. Allyship cues may help White men attract White female students to STEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evava S. Pietri
- Indiana University–Purdue University, USA
- University of Colorado – Boulder, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mei XX, Wang HY, Wu XN, Wu JY, Lu YZ, Ye ZJ. Self-Efficacy and Professional Identity Among Freshmen Nursing Students: A Latent Profile and Moderated Mediation Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:779986. [PMID: 35310284 PMCID: PMC8927723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.779986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to estimate the associations between self-efficacy and professional identity. A total of 1,051 freshmen nursing students (FNSs) from the Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC) program were recruited from four universities between September and November 2020. A latent profile and moderated meditation analysis were performed. Four profiles of self-efficacy were identified and named as Lowest (15.6%), Med-low (45.0%), Med-high (32.7%), and Highest (6.7%). The mediating role of resilience and the moderating effect of role models were also identified. Therefore, self-efficacy, resilience, and role models may be three important factors to professional identity in FNSs and these relationships should be further validated in longitudinal or interventional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao Mei
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yuan Wang
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Na Wu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yi Wu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zi Lu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Jie Ye
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rego A, Vitória A, e Cunha MP, Owens BP, Ventura A, Leal S, Valverde C, Lourenço-Gil R. Employees’ Improvisational Behavior: Exploring the Role of Leader Grit and Humility. HUMAN PERFORMANCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08959285.2022.2038171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arménio Rego
- Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Vitória
- Departamento de Economia, Gestão, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Bradley P. Owens
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - Ana Ventura
- Departamento de Economia, Gestão, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Leal
- Escola Superior de Gestão e Tecnologia, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Camilo Valverde
- Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Lourenço-Gil
- Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moafa I, Hoving C, van den Borne B, Jafer M. Dentists’ perceptions and usability testing toward the implementation of the ISAC, a comprehensive oral cancer intervention in dental practices: a qualitative study in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:187. [PMID: 35151304 PMCID: PMC8840285 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to explore dentists’ perceptions toward the implementation of a comprehensive intervention (ISAC) for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer in a dental clinic. Methods The ISAC intervention was presented to ten purposefully sampled dentists in Jazan Dental School (JDS). Participating dental interns were asked to practice the ISAC intervention whilst thinking aloud. A semi-structured interview technique was used to allow free expression of participants’ perceptions related to the ISAC intervention and to control the flow of topics. Fleuren’s framework theory informed the analysis. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the deductive-inductive framework analysis. Results Practicing the ISAC intervention was perceived to enhance the early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Serving community needs and engaging community groups were perceived to be related to a high relevance and compatibility of the ISAC intervention. Being a comprehensive intervention with well-defined objectives and being built on relevant data from the participants’ community and having dentists as a target group were the perceived relative advantages of the ISAC intervention compared to other programs. A supportive environment, gender-concordance, use of regional trainers, standard examination form and collaboration with other sectors were perceived to be the facilitators. Competition with clinical time, use of different examination forms and low organizational leader interests were perceived as impeding factors against effective implementation in a real-world context. Reward, easy to practice, feeling confidence and satisfaction, advertisement as well as use of a role model approach were perceived to be motivating factors. Conclusions Integrating data from representers of different participant groups during intervention conceptualization and development are critical for the intervention compatibility and acceptability. The study findings showed the opportunities of intertwining the intrinsic motivators of satisfaction and altruism existing in the target group and the extrinsic motivator of official diagnostic skill, certification that may boost and sustain the behavior change. Intervention features that influence perceived relevance, compatibility, relative advantage and motivation may be of great importance for intervention practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07586-2.
Collapse
|
43
|
Davis AL, McQuillin SD. Supporting autonomy in youth mentoring relationships. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:329-347. [PMID: 33786867 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The preference for and exercise of autonomous decision-making in adolescence is a normative developmental process. Yet, increased autonomy is associated with both risks and benefits. Connection to others through positive relationships, including mentoring relationships, is one context that predicts healthy autonomous decision-making. In other ways, such relationships can interfere or stifle the development of autonomy. In synthesizing the existing scientific literature on autonomy development and autonomy-supportive practices, we propose a framework for considering the role of mentors in supporting autonomy through five domains of influence: role modeling, encouraging, providing access to resources, relationships, and experiences, advocacy, and conversations about behavior change. We provide suggestions for research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel D McQuillin
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Obesity and Diet Predict Attitudes towards Health Promotion in Pre-Registered Nurses and Midwives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413419. [PMID: 34949025 PMCID: PMC8708316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nurses and midwives are integral to public health promotion; in the UK, they are advised to act as role models by their governing body, but overweight or obesity rates are high. We explored whether obesity and dietary habits are related to attitudes towards healthy role modelling and health promotion practice. A total of 346 pre-registered UK nurses and midwives (92.6% female; 18–53 years) completed an online survey. Items included body composition, dietary habits assessed by the Lifestyle Behaviour Questionnaire (LBQ), attitudes towards being role models for health (RA: role attitudes) and attitudes toward health promotion practice (ATHPP): 33.8% of the sample self-reported as overweight or obese; 67.6% did not consume 5-a-day portions of fruit/veg; 31.5% reported a healthy diet; and 89.6% believed their diet could be healthier. Positive RA was significantly linked to health promotion engagement (HP) (ß = 0.33, p < 0.001). Positive ATHPP was significantly predicted by lower BMI (ß = −0.08, p = 0.078), positive RA (ß = 0.67, p < 0.001), lower HP (ß = −0.25, p < 0.001) and male gender (ß = 0.09, p = 0.02). Greater confidence in patients valuing healthcare professional’s advice was predicted by healthier diet (ß = 0.11, p = 0.03), lower BMI (ß = −0. 16, p < 0.01), more positive RA (ß = 0.14, p < 0.01) as well as HP engagement during training (ß = 0.20, p < 0.01). One’s own motivation to promote health, similarly to ATHPP, was predicted by RA (ß = 0.17, p = 0.001) and previous HP engagement (ß = 0.39, p < 0.001). Findings show that overweight and obesity are prevalent in pre-registered nurses and midwives; the majority did not consume a healthy diet. Individual’s body composition, diet and attitudes towards role modelling are positively associated with their attitudes towards, and confidence in, health promotion practice. Experiences of health promotion practice during training can have either a positive or a negative influence on attitudes. Mentors and educators could actively promote healthy lifestyles for pre-registered nurses and midwives and facilitate more opportunities for health promotion practice during placements, which includes time for reflection.
Collapse
|
45
|
Savaria MC, Min S, Aghagoli G, Tunkel AR, Hirsh DA, Michelow IC. Enhancing the one-minute preceptor method for clinical teaching with a DEFT approach. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 115:149-153. [PMID: 34883233 PMCID: PMC8805221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Few validated methods that are grounded in educational theory exist to effectively teach medical knowledge, clinical skills, and diagnostic reasoning to learners at different stages of medical training. The goal of this Perspective was to address potential gaps in clinical education pedagogy by modeling new concepts for teaching in the field of infectious diseases. Our approach involved synthesizing the relevant literature, identifying proven approaches, and enhancing an existing educational microskills model — the one-minute preceptor. Our strategy was to emphasize the essential core elements of the one-minute preceptor using a descriptive acronym — DEFT (Diagnosis, Evidence, Feedback, Teaching), meaning skillful — as a potentially helpful reminder to improve the quality of interactions between learners and preceptors. The need for learners to discuss risk factors, mechanisms of disease, and potential complications, and for preceptors to model analytical and diagnostic skills, was further illustrated using a practical example of a teacher-learner interaction about a child with a respiratory infection. The one-minute preceptor/DEFT approach is experiential, adaptable, case-driven, and skills-focused, and also applicable to clinical training in other specialties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Savaria
- Office of Medical Education, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sugi Min
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ghazal Aghagoli
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Allan R Tunkel
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David A Hirsh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian C Michelow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gartzia L, Morgenroth T, Ryan MK, Peters K. Testing the motivational effects of attainable role models: Field and experimental evidence. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jts5.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Gartzia
- Department of Management Deusto Business School University of Deusto Bilbao Spain
| | | | - Michelle K. Ryan
- Department of Psychology University of Exeter Exeter UK
- Global Institute for Women’s Leadership The Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Kim Peters
- Department of Management University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gladstone JR, Cimpian A. Which role models are effective for which students? A systematic review and four recommendations for maximizing the effectiveness of role models in STEM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEM EDUCATION 2021; 8:59. [PMID: 34868806 PMCID: PMC8636406 DOI: 10.1186/s40594-021-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Is exposing students to role models an effective tool for diversifying science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)? So far, the evidence for this claim is mixed. Here, we set out to identify systematic sources of variability in STEM role models' effects on student motivation: If we determine which role models are effective for which students, we will be in a better position to maximize role models' impact as a tool for diversifying STEM. A systematic narrative review of the literature (55 articles) investigated the effects of role models on students' STEM motivation as a function of several key features of the role models (their perceived competence, their perceived similarity to students, and the perceived attainability of their success) and the students (their gender, race/ethnicity, age, and identification with STEM). We conclude with four concrete recommendations for ensuring that STEM role models are motivating for students of all backgrounds and demographics-an important step toward diversifying STEM. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40594-021-00315-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Gladstone
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003 USA
- Present Address: Department of Foundations of Education, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Andrei Cimpian
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Burrows D, Pietri ES, Johnson IR, Ashburn-Nardo L. Promoting Inclusive Environments: In-group Organizational Endorsement as a Tool to Increase Feelings of Identity-Safety among Black Women. SEX ROLES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
49
|
Wang W, Li S, Li J, Wang Y. The COVID-19 Pandemic Changes the Nudging Effect of Social Information on Individuals' Blood Donation Intention. Front Psychol 2021; 12:736002. [PMID: 34764916 PMCID: PMC8576010 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive effect of social information on nudging prosocial behavior is context dependent. Understanding how sensitive intervention outcomes are to changes in the choice context is essential for policy design, especially in times of great uncertainty, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. The present paper explores the effectiveness of social information in changing voluntary blood donation intention in two contexts: before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. In addition to the dimension of context, information content and its source are also important. Using a survey administered to 1,116 participants, we conducted an intertemporal randomized-controlled experiment to systematically analyze how information can effectively nudge the intention to donate blood. Compared with content featuring blood donors' commendation information, blood users' demand information is found to have a stronger nudging effect. An official information source has a greater influence on participants' donation intention than an unofficial source. Furthermore, our analysis of two waves of experimental data (i.e., before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic) shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has further enhanced the nudging effect of blood users' demand information and official information sources. These findings provide a theoretical basis and policy recommendations for relevant institutions to develop effective blood donation campaign strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Wang
- China Academy of Corporate Governance, Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Study of Brain-like Economics, School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuaiqi Li
- School of Finance, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- Institute for Study of Brain-like Economics, School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Economic and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Economic and Management, Nankai University Binhai College, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Koinig I, Diehl S. Healthy Leadership and Workplace Health Promotion as a Pre-Requisite for Organizational Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179260. [PMID: 34501849 PMCID: PMC8431400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Increasing stress levels at the workplace constitute a concerning organizational trend, challenging not only employees but also organizations alike, as it is in most instances associated with increasing workloads. In consequence, employees have started to demand that organizations begin to accept responsibility for their health and well-being. The present contribution seeks to investigate, to which extent individuals are able to deal with stress and whether their employers and respective supervisors (leaders) accept responsibility for their health, for instance, by leading by example. In addition, the existence and support generated by the organization in form of Workplace Health Promotion (WPHP) is inquired. (2) Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 40 (full and part-time) employees from two European countries were conducted. (3) Results: The study with employees from Austria and Germany (n = 40) confirmed that employees have started to recognize the potential of the workplace as an environment, where individual health can be enhanced. Yet, the results showed that only a few companies have already put some WPHP measures into practice. Likewise, the implementation of healthy leadership is rather limited to date. (4) Conclusions: At present, companies are still more likely to delegate responsibility for employee health and well-being to their staff, having not fully realized the potential of healthy leadership and organizational health promotion. There is great potential to increase WPHP measures on the employer side, through both healthy leadership and supporting WPHP measures.
Collapse
|