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Fernandez SB, Dawit R, Nawfal ES, Ward MK, Ramirez-Ortiz D, Sheehan DM, Trepka MJ. Psychosocial and socioeconomic changes among low-income people with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Miami-Dade County, Florida: racial/ethnic and gender differences. HIV Res Clin Pract 2024; 25:2363129. [PMID: 38907537 PMCID: PMC11256985 DOI: 10.1080/25787489.2024.2363129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 profoundly and uniquely impacted people with HIV. People with HIV experienced significant psychosocial and socioeconomic impacts, yet a limited amount of research has explored potential differences across gender and racial/ethnic groups of people with HIV. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine psychosocial and socioeconomic stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic among a diverse sample of people with HIV in South Florida and to determine if the types of stressors varied across gender and racial/ethnic groups. METHODS We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey with Miami-Dade County, Ryan White Program recipients. Outcomes included mental health, socioeconomic, drug/alcohol, and care responsibility/social support changes. Weighted descriptive analyses provided an overview of stressors by gender and racial/ethnic group and logistic regressions estimated associations between demographics and stressors. RESULTS Among 291 participants, 39% were Non-Hispanic Black, 18% were Haitian, and 43% were Hispanic. Adjusting for age, sex, language, and foreign-born status, Hispanics were more likely to report several worsened mental health (i.e. increased loneliness, anxiety) and socioeconomic stressors (i.e. decreased income). Spanish speakers were more likely to report not getting the social support they needed. Women were more likely to report spending more time caring for children. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight ways in which cultural and gender expectations impacted experiences across people with HIV and suggest strategies to inform interventions and resources during lingering and future public health emergencies. Results suggest that public health emergencies have different impacts on different communities. Without acknowledging and responding to differences, we risk losing strides towards progress in health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B. Fernandez
- School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rahel Dawit
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ekpereka Sandra Nawfal
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Melissa K. Ward
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daisy Ramirez-Ortiz
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diana M. Sheehan
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Substance Use and HIV/AIDS Research on Latinos in the United States (C-SALUD), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mary Jo Trepka
- Research Center for Minority Institutions, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Castelin S, Jacquez F, Burlew AK, Cunningham SR. Dual Pandemics: Race-Related COVID Stress and Mental Health Outcomes in Black Individuals. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2141-2153. [PMID: 37378805 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Black individuals have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due in part to historically rooted stressors that lie at the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and racism. We used secondary data from The Association of Black Psychologists' multi-state needs assessment of 2480 Black adults to examine the link between race-related COVID stress (RRCS) and mental health outcomes. We also examined the moderating roles of everyday discrimination, cultural mistrust, Black activism, Black identity, and spirituality/religiosity in these associations. T-tests revealed that several demographic and cultural factors are associated with RRCS endorsement. A series of regression analyses showed that endorsement of RRCS is associated with higher psychological distress and lower well-being, above and beyond several sociodemographic characteristics. While traditional cultural protective factors did not buffer against the effects of RRCS on mental health, cultural mistrust strengthened the positive association between RRCS and psychological distress; nonetheless, the association of cultural mistrusts with psychological distress was only seen in those who endorsed RRCS. We provide recommendations for policymakers, clinicians, and researchers to consider the impact of RRCS when addressing Black mental health and well-being in the age of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Castelin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Farrah Jacquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Kathleen Burlew
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Day G, Ecker AH, Amspoker AB, Dawson DB, Walder A, Hogan JB, Lindsay JA. Black veteran use of video telehealth for mental health care. Psychol Serv 2024; 21:478-488. [PMID: 38059987 PMCID: PMC11156787 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Black veterans experience disparities in mental health (MH) care access and are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Video telehealth to home (VTH) may reduce disparities by addressing barriers, particularly with pandemic-related shifts to remotely delivered care. Considering potential needs for tailored implementation across racial/ethnic groups, we examined differences in VTH use by non-Hispanic Black veterans versus all other races/ethnicities and among Black (Hispanic and non-Hispanic) veterans by age, rurality, and gender during the pandemic. We extracted a cohort of Veterans Health Administration-enrolled veterans receiving at least one MH encounter between October 2019 and September 2020 (n = 1,627,791) from electronic health records. Multilevel linear growth curve models examined the percentage of VTH use for non-Hispanic Black versus other races/ethnicities before and after pandemic onset. Black veteran-only subgroup analyses examined differences by ethnicity in percentage of VTH MH encounters since pandemic onset by age, rurality, and gender, using regression and analysis of covariance models. Despite significant increases in VTH during the pandemic, on average, VTH use was consistently lower for non-Hispanic Black veterans across both periods. During the pandemic, differences in VTH use between non-Hispanic Black and non-Black veterans accelerated over time. VTH use was greater during the pandemic for Black veterans who were Hispanic, younger, urban, and female. Adoption of VTH for MH was low for non-Hispanic Black veterans before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 compared to non-Black groups. Future VTH research and implementation efforts should question why adoption remains low, work to meet cultural needs, and promote equitable adoption for Black veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Day
- VHA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medicine Center, Houston, TX, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony H. Ecker
- VHA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medicine Center, Houston, TX, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amber B. Amspoker
- VHA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medicine Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Darius B. Dawson
- VHA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medicine Center, Houston, TX, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annette Walder
- VHA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medicine Center, Houston, TX, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julianna B. Hogan
- VHA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medicine Center, Houston, TX, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan A. Lindsay
- VHA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medicine Center, Houston, TX, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, a virtual center, Houston, TX, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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Murphy JK, Saker S, Ananyo Chakraborty P, Chan YM(M, Michalak EE, Irrarazaval M, Withers M, Ng CH, Khan A, Greenshaw A, O’Neil J, Nguyen VC, Minas H, Ravindran A, Paric A, Chen J, Wang X, Hwang TY, Ibrahim N, Hatcher S, Evans V, Lam RW. Advancing equitable access to digital mental health in the Asia-Pacific region in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: A modified Delphi consensus study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002661. [PMID: 38857265 PMCID: PMC11164385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on global mental health and well-being, including across the Asia-Pacific. Efforts to mitigate virus spread led to far-reaching disruption in the delivery of health and social services. In response, there was a rapid shift to the use of digital mental health (DMH) approaches. Though these technologies helped to improve access to care for many, there was also substantial risk of access barriers leading to increased inequities in access to mental health care, particularly among at-risk and equity-deserving populations. The objective of this study was to conduct a needs assessment and identify priorities related to equitable DMH access among at-risk and equity-deserving populations in the Asia Pacific region during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study consisted of a modified Delphi consensus methodology including two rounds of online surveys and online consultations with stakeholders from across the region. Study participants included policy makers, clinicians and service providers, and people with lived experience of mental health conditions. Results demonstrate that vulnerabilities to negative mental health impacts and access barriers were compounded during the pandemic. Access barriers included a lack of linguistically and culturally appropriate DMH options, low mental health literacy and poor access to technological infrastructure and devices, low levels of awareness and trust of DMH options, and lack of policies and guidelines to support effective and equitable delivery of DMH. Recommendations to improve equitable access include ensuring that diverse people with lived experience are engaged in research, co-design and policy development, the development and implementation of evidence-based and equity-informed guidelines and frameworks, clear communication about DMH evidence and availability, and the integration of DMH into broader health systems. Study results can inform the development and implementation of equitable DMH as its use becomes more widespread across health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K. Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shirley Saker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Erin E. Michalak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mellissa Withers
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amna Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John O’Neil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
| | - Vu Cong Nguyen
- Institute of Population, Health and Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Harry Minas
- Centre for Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health/ Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Paric
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health/ Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Tae-Yeon Hwang
- Korea Foundation for Suicide Prevention, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nurashikin Ibrahim
- Mental Health, Injury and Violence Prevention and Substance Abuse Sector Section, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Simon Hatcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond W. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Oh H, Pickering TA, Martz C, Lincoln KD, Breslau J, Chae D. Ethno-racial differences in anxiety and depression impairment among emerging adults in higher education. SSM Popul Health 2024; 26:101678. [PMID: 38737143 PMCID: PMC11081800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite having higher exposure to stressors, many ethno-racial groups report similar or lower prevalence of clinical depression and anxiety compared to their White counterparts, despite experiencing greater psychosocial risk factors for poor mental health outcomes, thus presenting an epidemiological paradox. Ethno-racial differences in impairment, a diagnostic criterion, may in part explain this paradox. Methods We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020-2021) and using survey-weighted linear mixed effects models, we tested whether there were ethno-racial differences in impairment across multiple ethno-racial groups at various levels of severity for anxiety and depression. Results Black students reported lower mean impairment scores relative to White students at moderate and severe anxiety. Hispanic/Latine students only reported lower impairment relative to White students at severe anxiety. Asian students reported relatively lower mean impairment than White students at mild anxiety, and this difference continued to grow as anxiety severity increased. Similar trends were observed for depression. Black and Hispanic/Latino students reported lower mean impairment scores at moderate to severe depression. Asian students reported lower mean impairment scores beginning at mild depression to severe depression. Conclusion Self-reported anxiety and depression related impairment varies by ethno-racial group, with Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and Asian students reporting lower impairment compared to White students at higher levels of symptom severity. These findings open the possibility that racial differences in the impairment criterion of clinical diagnoses may explain some of the racial paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Trevor A. Pickering
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Connor Martz
- Population Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Karen D. Lincoln
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - David Chae
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Science, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, USA
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Loeb TB, Albarran GI, Lee E, McEwan JA, Dyer KE, Cooley-Strickland M, Norwood-Scott E, Ramm K, Kesblyan D, Barnes A, Novacek D, Chin D. Identifying social determinants of health in populations exposed to structural inequities: a qualitative study of the COVID-19 pandemic experiences of Black and Latinx people living with HIV and cardiovascular risks. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336184. [PMID: 38873288 PMCID: PMC11169879 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Black and Latinx communities experience inequities in the social determinants of health (SDOH) and high rates of chronic illnesses [e.g., cardiovascular disease (CVD), HIV]. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified these long-standing SDOH disparities. However, scant attention has been paid to the pandemic-related experiences of populations exposed to structural inequities. Methods Using a semi-structured interview guide, 60 in-depth telephone interviews were conducted with Black and Latinx people living with HIV (PLWH) and CVD risks to assess: (1) perceived personal and community risk for COVID-19; (2) knowledge of and access to COVID-19 public health information; (3) barriers to COVID-19 public health recommendations and vaccine uptake; and (4) perceptions of HIV, CVD, and COVID-19. Interviews were professionally transcribed into either English or Spanish. Spanish transcripts were translated into English. Rapid qualitative analysis was used to summarize each transcript into a structured templaicte corresponding to interview guide domains. Summaries were combined into matrices for identification and comparison of themes across domains. Results Participants reported risks for COVID-19 due to being immunocompromised and SDOH, including transportation, exposure to risks conferred by others, living in under-resourced neighborhoods, and housing insecurity. Participants engaged in protective countermeasures by adhering to public health mandates. Relationships with providers, participating in community support groups, and digital inclusion and literacy were salient with respect to dissemination of COVID-19 information and vaccine uptake. Experiences with managing a chronic illness facilitated vaccine acceptance. Participants described language barriers, experiences of discrimination, and a historical lack of trust in medical systems and vaccines. Discussion This study provides a real-time narrative from PLWH and CVD risks who were vulnerable during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications include the need for continuity with providers and established community networks, increasing internet access and digital health literacy, and addressing historical trauma incurred in medical settings. It is critical to understand the impact of traditional SDOH on those living with chronic illness as well as other social determinants that shed light on access to public health information, adherence to public health recommendations, and vaccine uptake among populations exposed to structural inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra Burns Loeb
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Graciela I. Albarran
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ethan Lee
- Research Volunteer, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jenna Alarcon McEwan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Karen E. Dyer
- Independent Researcher, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michele Cooley-Strickland
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Enricka Norwood-Scott
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kate Ramm
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - David Kesblyan
- Research Volunteer, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aleeja Barnes
- Independent Volunteer, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Derek Novacek
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dorothy Chin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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McCarron R, Moore A, Foreman I, Brewis E, Clarke O, Howes A, Parkin K, Luk D, Hirst MS, Sach E, Shipp A, Stahly L, Bhardwaj A. Remote consultations in community mental health: A qualitative study of clinical teams. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38462900 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mental health care can be delivered remotely through video and telephone consultations. Remote consultations may be cheaper and more efficient than in person consultations. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE Accessing community mental health care through remote consultations is perceived as not possible or beneficial for all service users. Delivering remote consultations may not be practical or appropriate for all clinicians or community mental health teams. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Remote consultation cannot be a 'one-size-fits-all' model of community mental health care. A flexible approach is needed to offering remote consultation that considers its suitability for the service-user, service and clinician. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Responding to COVID-19, community mental health teams in the UK NHS abruptly adopted remote consultations. Whilst they have demonstrable effectiveness, efficiency, and economic benefits, questions remain around the acceptability, feasibility and medicolegal implications of delivering community mental health care remotely. AIM To explore perceived advantages, challenges, and practice adaptations of delivering community mental health care remotely. METHODS Ten community mental health teams in an NHS trust participated in a service evaluation about remote consultation. Fifty team discussions about remote consultation were recorded April-December 2020. Data analysis used a framework approach with themes being coded within a matrix. RESULTS Three major horizontal themes of operations and team functioning, clinical pathways, and impact on staff were generated, with vertical themes of advantages, challenges, equity and adaptations. DISCUSSION Remote consultation is an attractive model of community mental healthcare. Clinical staff note benefits at individual (staff and service-user), team, and service levels. However, it is not perceived as a universally beneficial or practical approach, and there are concerns relating to access equality. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The suitability of remote consultation needs to be considered for each service-user, clinical population and clinical role. This requires a flexible and hybrid approach, attuned to safeguarding equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn McCarron
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Moore
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilana Foreman
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Brewis
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Olivia Clarke
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Abby Howes
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Parkin
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana Luk
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emilie Sach
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aimee Shipp
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorna Stahly
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anupam Bhardwaj
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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James SH, Strauss GP. Racial differences in attenuated psychotic symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:165-169. [PMID: 37434396 PMCID: PMC10782813 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Rates of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it is unclear whether this is most evident among individuals from marginalized racial groups. METHODS The current study evaluated APS screening data across a six-year period in the state of Georgia in the United States, spanning several years prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate interactions between time and race. Participants included 435 clinical help-seeking individuals. RESULTS The rate of individuals scoring above the APS screening cut-off was higher during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (41% vs 23%). This pandemic-related increase in APS was significant for Black, but not White or Asian participants. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate APS are increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic among clinical help-seeking populations. Black individuals may be at greater risk for developing a psychotic disorder during the pandemic, suggesting increased need for screening, mental health monitoring, and treatment.
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Hamilton A. Black therapists' experiences with their Black clients: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:150-174. [PMID: 37890044 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review explores Black therapists' experiences with their Black clients. The search initially identified 459 possible articles. Through the study selection process, following the Cochrane Collaboration's guidelines, the 459 studies were narrowed down to 11 studies. A total of eight qualitative studies and three quantitative studies were identified. The analytic process of this review mirrored that of a thematic analysis due to the proportion of qualitative articles. Five themes emerged: Understanding the Black Experience, Connection to Clients, Working with Black Clients, Working While Black, and Training Black Therapists. Implications for training and supervision are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexus Hamilton
- Psychological and Quantitative Foundations Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Larrabee Sonderlund A, Williams NJ, Charifson M, Ortiz R, Sealy-Jefferson S, De Leon E, Schoenthaler A. Structural racism and health: Assessing the mediating role of community mental distress and health care access in the association between mass incarceration and adverse birth outcomes. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101529. [PMID: 37841218 PMCID: PMC10570581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has linked spatial concentrations of incarceration with racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms of this association. This represents an important knowledge gap in terms of intervention. We theorize two pathways that may account for the association between county-level prison rates and adverse birth outcomes: (1) community-level mental distress and (2) reduced health care access. Examining these mechanisms, we conducted a cross-sectional study of county-level prison rates, community-level mental distress, health insurance, availability of primary care physicians (PCP) and mental health providers (MHP), and adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, infant mortality). Our data set included 475 counties and represented 2,677,840 live U.S. births in 2016. Main analyses involved between 170 and 326 counties. All data came from publicly available sources, including the U.S. Census and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive and regression results confirmed the link between prison rates and adverse birth outcomes and highlighted Black-White inequities in this association. Further, bootstrap mediation analyses indicated that the impact of spatially concentrated prison rates on preterm birth was mediated by PCP, MHP, community-level mental distress, and health insurance in both crude and adjusted models. Community-level mental distress and health insurance (but not PCP or MHP) similarly mediated low birthweight in both models. Mediators were less stable in the effect on infant mortality with only MHP mediating consistently across models. We conclude that mass incarceration, health care access, and community mental distress represent actionable and urgent targets for structural-, community-, and individual-level interventions targeting population inequities in birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Larrabee Sonderlund
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Natasha J. Williams
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mia Charifson
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Robin Ortiz
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Elaine De Leon
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
| | - Antoinette Schoenthaler
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA
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11
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Sumner J, Chen M, En AMSS, Xun VLW, Neo SH, Lim YW. Mental health and resilience after the covid-19 pandemic: a multi-ethnic longitudinal survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2340. [PMID: 38007456 PMCID: PMC10676608 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal work on the impact of COVID-19 on population mental health and resilience beyond the first year of the pandemic is lacking. We aimed to understand how mental health and resilience evolved during the pandemic (2020) and two years later (2022) in a multi-ethnic Singaporean population. In addition, we assessed what characteristics were associated with mental health and resilience scores. METHODS We surveyed and analysed two balanced panel samples up to four times between 30th April 2020 and 11th July 2022. One panel assessed psychological distress (Kessler-10) and well-being (short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale) n = 313, and one panel assessed resilience (10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale©) n = 583. A linear panel regression model with random effects assessed the temporal patterns for psychological distress, well-being, and resilience. RESULTS Mean psychological distress scores (Kessler-10) were relatively stable over time and were not statistically significantly worse than baseline at any follow-up. Well-being scores improved over time and were significantly better than baseline by the third survey (22nd Jul-18th Aug 2020) (0.54 p = 0.007, Cohen's d 0.12). Scores had worsened by the last survey (27th June-11th July 2022) but were not significantly different from baseline 0.20 p = 0.30. Resilience scores declined over time. Scores at both follow-ups (14th Aug- 4th Sep 2020 and 27th June-11th July 2022) were statistically significantly lower than baseline: -1.69 p < 0.001 (Cohen's d 0.25) and -0.96 p = 0.006 (Cohen's d 0.14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study joins a body of work measuring the longitudinal effects of COVID-19 on population mental health and resilience. While, the magnitude of the effect related to resilience decline is small, our findings indicate that particular attention should be given to ongoing population surveillance, with the aim of maintaining good health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sumner
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Medical Affairs - Research Innovation & Enterprise, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore, 159964, Singapore.
| | - Mark Chen
- National Centre of Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sin Hui Neo
- Medical Affairs - Research Innovation & Enterprise, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
| | - Yee Wei Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Medical Affairs - Research Innovation & Enterprise, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
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12
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Quinn KG, Hunt B, Jacobs J, Valencia J, Hirschtick J, Walsh JL. Community Cohesion, Social Support, and Mental Health among Black Individuals in Chicago: A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Effects on COVID-19 Vaccination. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01837-6. [PMID: 37872464 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic put a significant strain on communities, social resources, and personal relationships, disproportionately impacting Black and low-income communities in the United States. Community cohesion and social support are positively associated with numerous health outcomes and preventive health measures, yet were strained during the pandemic due to COVID mitigation measures. This study examined the relationships between social cohesion, social support, mental health, and COVID-19 vaccination to understand whether community cohesion and social support were associated with increased likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. Data are from a cross-sectional survey of 537 Black Chicagoans that was disseminated between September 2021 and March 2022. Structural equation modeling was used to test associations between community cohesion, social support, loneliness, anxiety, stress, and having received a COVID-19 vaccination. Results demonstrated that social support mediated associations between community cohesion and loneliness, anxiety, and stress, but was not associated with COVID-19 vaccination. These results demonstrate the importance of community cohesion and social support on mental health and suggest there are other potential pathways that may link community cohesion and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Bijou Hunt
- Sinai Health System, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Jacobs
- Sinai Health System, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jesus Valencia
- Sinai Health System, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Walsh
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA
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13
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Kunstman JW, Ogungbadero T, Deska JC, Bernstein MJ, Smith AR, Hugenberg K. Race-based biases in psychological distress and treatment judgments. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293078. [PMID: 37856467 PMCID: PMC10586605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Racism creates and sustains mental health disparities between Black and White Americans and the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing harassment directed at Black Americans has exacerbated these inequities. Yet, as the mental health needs of Black Americans rise, there is reason to believe the public paradoxically believes that psychopathology hurts Black individuals less than White individuals and these biased distress judgments affect beliefs about treatment needs. Four studies (two pre-registered) with participants from the American public and the field of mental health support this hypothesis. When presented with identical mental illnesses (e.g., depression, anxiety, schizophrenia), both laypeople and clinicians believed that psychopathology would be less distressing to Black relative to White individuals. These distress biases mediate downstream treatment judgments. Across numerous contexts, racially-biased judgments of psychological distress may negatively affect mental healthcare and social support for Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Kunstman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tade Ogungbadero
- Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jason C. Deska
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael J. Bernstein
- Psychological and Social Sciences, Pennsylvania State University–Abington, Abington, PA, United States of America
| | - April R. Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kurt Hugenberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
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14
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Oh A, Gan S, John Boscardin W, Neilands TB, Stewart AL, Nguyen TT, Smith AK. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on meaningful activity engagement in racially and ethnically diverse older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:2924-2934. [PMID: 37317827 PMCID: PMC10524549 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation and active engagement in meaningful activities support the emotional and physical well-being of older adults. In 2020, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic altered lives, including the ability to participate in meaningful activities. This study compared meaningful activity engagement before and at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in a nationally representative, diverse sample >65 years between 2015 and 2020. METHODS We described the proportions and characteristics of National Health and Aging Trends Study participants and their engagement in four activities: visiting friends or family, attending religious services, participating in clubs/classes/other organized activities, and going out for enjoyment. We used mixed effects logistic regressions to compare probabilities of activity engagement before 2020 and in 2020, adjusting for age, sex, functional status, income, geographic region, anxiety-depression, and transportation issues. RESULTS Of 6815 participants in 2015, the mean age was 77.7 (7.6) years; 57% of participants were female; 22% were Black, 5% Hispanic, 2% were American Indian, and 1% were Asian; 20% had disability; and median income was $33,000. Participation in all four activities remained consistent between 2015 and 2019 and declined in 2020. Significant differences existed in attending religious services (p < 0.01) and going out for enjoyment (p < 0.001) by race and ethnicity, before and after the start of COVID-19. Black and Hispanic participants experienced the largest decline in attending religious services (-32%, -28%) while Asian and White participants experienced the largest decline in going out for enjoyment (-49%, -56%). CONCLUSIONS Potential quality of life tradeoffs should be considered to a greater extent in future pandemic emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oh
- Office of Research and Patient Care Services, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Siqi Gan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - W. John Boscardin
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Torsten B. Neilands
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anita L. Stewart
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tung T. Nguyen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander K. Smith
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Geriatrics and Palliative Care, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California
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15
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Miconi D, Ouimet S, Kafi MAH, Dervishi E, Wiium N, Rousseau C. Risk behaviors and well-being among Egyptian and Roma adolescents in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability and resilience in a positive youth development perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:989661. [PMID: 37599737 PMCID: PMC10433179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.989661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Egyptian and Roma communities represent two of the most deprived and stigmatized ethnic minorities in Albania. However, research investigating vulnerability and well-being in youth from these communities is scant. Even less is known among Egyptian and Roma adolescents who dropped-out of school. Within a Positive Youth Development framework, we investigated among Egyptian and Roma adolescents: (1) risk behaviors, well-being, and developmental assets (personal and contextual); (2) associations of developmental assets with risk behaviors and well-being; (3) specificities by ethnicity, gender, and education. Methods A total of 201 Egyptian and Roma adolescents (Mage = 16.63, SDage = 1.80; 47% girls; 53% school dropouts) completed a series of questionnaires in a community setting in August 2020 (first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic). Results Binomial, Poisson and linear regression models indicated that Egyptian and Roma adolescents reported similar and high levels of risk behaviors, with boys reporting overall more risk behaviors than girls. Low level of well-being and of personal and contextual assets were reported. Girls reported higher family assets, positive values and social competencies than boys. The situation of adolescents attending school was overall not better than that of youth who had dropped out. Higher positive identity was associated with higher well-being. Discussion Intervention and prevention efforts are urgently needed to support minority adolescents' development during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. They should address the structural factors which limit the availability of personal and contextual resources in minority youth's lives. Interventions aimed at building safer neighborhoods and providing safe access to schools for minority youth should be a priority and are essential to prevent the widening of inequalities during and after this health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Miconi
- Department of Educational Psychology and Andragogy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Ouimet
- Department of Educational Psychology and Andragogy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eglantina Dervishi
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Nora Wiium
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Gourley M, Starkweather S, Roberson K, Katz CL, Marin DB, Costello Z, DePierro J. Supporting Faith-Based Communities Through and Beyond the Pandemic. J Community Health 2023; 48:593-599. [PMID: 36790556 PMCID: PMC9929242 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought widespread and notable effects to the physical and mental health of communities across New York City with disproportionate suffering Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino communities alongside additional stressors such as racism and economic hardship. This report describes the adaptation of a previously successful evidence-based community engagement health education program for the deployment of resilience promoting workshop program in faith-based organizations in BIPOC communities in New York City. From June 2021 to June 2022, nine faith-based organizations implemented 58 workshops to 1,101 non-unique workshop participants. Most of the workshops were delivered online with more women (N = 803) than men (N = 298) participating. All organizations completed the full curriculum; the workshop focused on self-care and physical fitness was repeated most frequently (N = 13). Participants in the workshops ranged from 4 to 73 per meeting and were largely female. The Building Community Resilience Project is an easy and effective way to modify an existing, evidence-based community health education program to address new and relevant health needs such as resilience and stress amidst the COVID-19 pandemic among faith communities serving BIPOC populations. More research is needed regarding the impact of the workshops as well as adaptability for other faith traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gourley
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sydney Starkweather
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katheryn Roberson
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Global Health and Health Systems Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science & Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig L Katz
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Global Health and Health Systems Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah B Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zorina Costello
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan DePierro
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Shrestha NR, Deason RG, Cordaro M, Howard K, Haskard-Zolnierek K. Evaluating the relationship of empathic concern to college students' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37437177 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2224432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Empathic concern (EC) for others may be related to COVID-19 pandemic responses. Participants and methods: The purpose of this survey study was to examine differences in pandemic responses in 1,778 college students rated as low (LE) versus high (HE) on the EC subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results: HE participants reported greater concerns in numerous pandemic-related domains, including acquiring COVID-19; access to COVID-19 treatment; number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths reported; staying employed; and being isolated for long periods of time. Generalized anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress scores were significantly higher for individuals in the HE group compared to the LE group. The HE group reported being significantly more adherent to health and safety recommendations than the LE group. Conclusions: Empathic concern for others is important for promoting college student prosocial behavior but is associated with anxiety and depression symptomatology during times of traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha R Shrestha
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca G Deason
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Millie Cordaro
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Krista Howard
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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18
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Loeb TB, Viducich I, Smith-Clapham AM, Adkins-Jackson P, Zhang M, Cooley-Strickland M, Davis T, Pemberton JV, Wyatt GE. Unmet need for mental health services utilization among under-resourced Black and Latinx adults. FAMILIES, SYSTEMS & HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE FAMILY HEALTHCARE 2023; 41:149-159. [PMID: 36521110 PMCID: PMC10267286 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substantial unmet need for mental health services (MHS) exists in the United States, with pronounced disparities among people of color. Research highlights the need to identify facilitators and barriers to MHS utilization among Black and Latinx individuals to better promote overall health. We tested an expanded model of MHS use based on Andersen's (1995) conceptual framework of health care utilization. Associations were examined between sociodemographic variables, trauma and adversity burden, living with HIV, and unmet need for MHS in a community sample of underresourced Black and Latinx individuals. Barriers to MHS utilization are described. METHODS Five-hundred participants completed the UCLA Life Adversities Screener (LADS), sociodemographic measures, and items assessing need for and barriers to MHS. RESULTS 228 (46%) participants reported a need for MHS; of these, 115 (51%) reported receiving MHS. A binomial logistic regression model estimated the relative contribution of the LADS on need for MHS. Severity of LADS, younger age, and living with HIV predicted unmet need for MHS. Barriers to MHS included financial and time constraints and health system-related issues. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests revealed differences in mental health symptoms by MHS need. DISCUSSION The unmet need for MHS in this sample of Black and Latinx individuals highlights the importance of addressing the systemic roots of trauma and adversity burden, and eliminating structural barriers to treatment to reduce existing health and mental health inequities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra B Loeb
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Isabella Viducich
- Luskin School of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Amber M Smith-Clapham
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Muyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michele Cooley-Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Teri Davis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Chicago School of Professional Psychology
| | - Jennifer V Pemberton
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, California State University
| | - Gail E Wyatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
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19
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Beach SRH, Lei MK, Lavner JA, Adesogan O, Carter SE, Barton AW. Strengthening couple functioning promotes resilience to COVID-19-related stressors among Black Americans. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2023; 37:497-506. [PMID: 37053419 PMCID: PMC10238637 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in substantial hardship for Black Americans, leading to increased stress and mental health difficulties. We used longitudinal data from the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) intervention study to test the hypothesis that improved couple functioning following ProSAAF participation would serve as a constructed resilience resource during the pandemic, buffering the impact of elevated pandemic-related stressors on change in depressive symptoms. We found that COVID-19-related stress predicted change in depressive symptoms from prepandemic to during the pandemic, that ProSAAF predicted improved couple functioning, and that positive change in couple functioning buffered the impact of pandemic stressors on change in depressive symptoms. These effects resulted in a significant indirect buffering effect of ProSAAF on the association between COVID-19-related stress and change in depressive symptoms through its effects on change in couple functioning. The results suggest that relationship intervention may increase resilience to unanticipated community-wide stress and promote mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. H. Beach
- Department of Psychology and Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
| | - Man-Kit Lei
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Allen W. Barton
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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20
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Paat YF, Orezzoli MCE, Ngan CK, Olimpo JT. Racial Health Disparities and Black Heterogeneity in COVID-19: A Case Study of Miami Gardens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE 2023; 17:190-208. [PMID: 38603238 PMCID: PMC9868486 DOI: 10.1177/19367244221142565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a critical public health concern that has disproportionately affected the Black community in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the risk and protective factors faced by residents in the City of Miami Gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphases placed on racial health disparities and Black heterogeneity. Using convenience and snowball sampling, quantitative and qualitative data for this study were collected via an anonymous online questionnaire using QuestionPro. Survey links were distributed by e-mail invitations with assistance from city officials to the residents of this predominantly Black city in Florida (n = 83). Descriptive statistics and relevant qualitative responses are presented. Furthermore, a machine learning (ML) approach was used to select the most critical variables that characterized the two racial groups (Black versus non-Black participants) based on four ML feature selectors. Study findings offered important and interesting insights. Specifically, despite the greater prevalence of adopting measures to protect themselves and others from COVID-19, Black participants were more susceptible to activities that increased their COVID-19 risk levels. In addition, their rate of infection, particularly among the Afro-Caribbean ethnic group, was reported to be higher, indicating the need to further investigate the underlying conditions and root causes (including vaccine hesitancy and refusal) that contribute to their greater health disparities.
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21
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Smith-Clapham AM, Childs JE, Cooley-Strickland M, Hampton-Anderson J, Novacek DM, Pemberton JV, Wyatt GE. Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interpersonal Violence Within Marginalized Communities: Toward a New Prevention Paradigm. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:S149-S156. [PMID: 37339424 PMCID: PMC10282862 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, reports of domestic violence across the United States increased from 21% to 35%. Stay-at-home orders, designed to protect the public against the spread of COVID-19, along with heightened societal stressors as a result of the global pandemic, inadvertently increased rates of illicit drug and alcohol use, job loss, and isolation, resulting in increased stress and nonphysical (e.g., psychological, emotional, economic, technological) abuse that often escalated to physical violence. These processes were exacerbated in marginalized communities. These risks were heightened among Black women and Latinas, who experience high rates of domestic violence, long-standing distrust in law enforcement, and compromised self-reporting or anonymous reporting of abuse. We make recommendations for training key stakeholders (e.g., law enforcement, mental health clinicians, and public health care professionals) to facilitate the safety and well-being of domestic violence survivors and to better manage prevention or intervention efforts targeted at domestic violence. We make public health policy suggestions for individuals, communities, and governing structures. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S2):S149-S156. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307289).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Smith-Clapham
- Amber M. Smith-Clapham, Michele Cooley-Strickland, and Gail E. Wyatt are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. Gail E. Wyatt is also a guest editor of this special issue. Julia E. Childs is with the School of Social Work, California State University Dominguez Hills, Los Angeles. Joya Hampton-Anderson is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Derek M. Novacek is with the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA. Jennifer V. Pemberton is with the School of Educational Psychology and Counseling, California State University, Northridge
| | - Julia E Childs
- Amber M. Smith-Clapham, Michele Cooley-Strickland, and Gail E. Wyatt are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. Gail E. Wyatt is also a guest editor of this special issue. Julia E. Childs is with the School of Social Work, California State University Dominguez Hills, Los Angeles. Joya Hampton-Anderson is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Derek M. Novacek is with the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA. Jennifer V. Pemberton is with the School of Educational Psychology and Counseling, California State University, Northridge
| | - Michele Cooley-Strickland
- Amber M. Smith-Clapham, Michele Cooley-Strickland, and Gail E. Wyatt are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. Gail E. Wyatt is also a guest editor of this special issue. Julia E. Childs is with the School of Social Work, California State University Dominguez Hills, Los Angeles. Joya Hampton-Anderson is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Derek M. Novacek is with the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA. Jennifer V. Pemberton is with the School of Educational Psychology and Counseling, California State University, Northridge
| | - Joya Hampton-Anderson
- Amber M. Smith-Clapham, Michele Cooley-Strickland, and Gail E. Wyatt are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. Gail E. Wyatt is also a guest editor of this special issue. Julia E. Childs is with the School of Social Work, California State University Dominguez Hills, Los Angeles. Joya Hampton-Anderson is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Derek M. Novacek is with the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA. Jennifer V. Pemberton is with the School of Educational Psychology and Counseling, California State University, Northridge
| | - Derek M Novacek
- Amber M. Smith-Clapham, Michele Cooley-Strickland, and Gail E. Wyatt are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. Gail E. Wyatt is also a guest editor of this special issue. Julia E. Childs is with the School of Social Work, California State University Dominguez Hills, Los Angeles. Joya Hampton-Anderson is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Derek M. Novacek is with the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA. Jennifer V. Pemberton is with the School of Educational Psychology and Counseling, California State University, Northridge
| | - Jennifer V Pemberton
- Amber M. Smith-Clapham, Michele Cooley-Strickland, and Gail E. Wyatt are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. Gail E. Wyatt is also a guest editor of this special issue. Julia E. Childs is with the School of Social Work, California State University Dominguez Hills, Los Angeles. Joya Hampton-Anderson is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Derek M. Novacek is with the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA. Jennifer V. Pemberton is with the School of Educational Psychology and Counseling, California State University, Northridge
| | - Gail E Wyatt
- Amber M. Smith-Clapham, Michele Cooley-Strickland, and Gail E. Wyatt are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. Gail E. Wyatt is also a guest editor of this special issue. Julia E. Childs is with the School of Social Work, California State University Dominguez Hills, Los Angeles. Joya Hampton-Anderson is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Derek M. Novacek is with the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA. Jennifer V. Pemberton is with the School of Educational Psychology and Counseling, California State University, Northridge
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22
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Wyatt GE, Loeb TB, Cooley-Strickland M, Chin D, Wyatt LE, Smith-Clapham A. Novel methodologies using history to document the effects of African American sexual trauma: Perspectives of Gail E. Wyatt, PhD. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2023; 78:563-575. [PMID: 37384508 PMCID: PMC10414760 DOI: 10.1037/amp0001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the nearly half a century career of Dr. Gail E. Wyatt, PhD, and her development of novel methodologies and measures of sexual trauma, specifically the Wyatt Sex History Questionnaire and the University of California, Los Angeles, Life Adversities Screener. These approaches broke the silence around experiences of sexual violence, particularly among African Americans, identifying their effects on sexual functioning and mental health. These novel methods are designed without assuming sexual literacy of respondents, knowledge of anatomy, or that discussing sex is easy or common; they include topics that are considered private and may evoke emotions. Trained professionals administering face-to-face interviews can serve to establish rapport and educate the participant or client while minimizing possible discomfort and shame around the disclosure of sexual practices. In this article, four topics are discussed focusing on African Americans, but they may also be relevant to other racial/ethnic groups: (a) breaking the silence about sex, (b) sexual harassment: its disclosure and effects in the workplace, (c) racial discrimination: identifying its effects as a form of trauma, and (d) the cultural relevance of promoting sexual health. Historical patterns of abuse and trauma can no longer be ignored but need to be better understood by psychologists and used to improve policy and treatment standards. Recommendations for advancing the field using novel methods are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail E. Wyatt
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Tamra Burns Loeb
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michele Cooley-Strickland
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Dorothy Chin
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lance E. Wyatt
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Amber Smith-Clapham
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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23
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Williams MS, Cigaran E, Martinez S, Marino J, Barbero P, Myers AK, DiClemente RJ, Goris N, Gomez VC, Granville D, Guzman J, Harris YT, Kline M, Lesser ML, Makaryus AN, Murray LM, McFarlane SI, Patel VH, Polo J, Zeltser R, Pekmezaris R. COVID-19 stressors for Hispanic/Latino patients living with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1070547. [PMID: 37187937 PMCID: PMC10175775 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1070547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, nationwide lockdowns caused disruption in the diets, physical activities, and lifestyles of patients with type 2 diabetes. Previous reports on the possible association between race/ethnicity, COVID-19, and mortality have shown that Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes who are socioeconomically disadvantaged are disproportionately affected by this novel virus. The aim of this study was to explore stressors associated with changes in diabetes self-management behaviors. Our goal was to highlight the health disparities in these vulnerable racial/ethnic minority communities and underscore the need for effective interventions. Methods and participants Participants were enrolled in part of a larger randomized controlled trial to compare diabetes telehealth management (DTM) with comprehensive outpatient management (COM) in terms of critical patient-centered outcomes among Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes. We conducted a thematic analysis using patient notes collected from two research nurses between March 2020 and March 2021. Two authors read through the transcripts independently to identify overarching themes. Once the themes had been identified, both authors convened to compare themes and ensure that similar themes were identified within the transcripts. Any discrepancies were discussed by the larger study team until a consensus was reached. Results Six themes emerged, each of which can be categorized as either a source or an outcome of stress. Sources of stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic were (1) fear of contracting COVID-19, (2) disruptions from lockdowns, and (3) financial stressors (e.g., loss of income). Outcomes of COVID-19 stressors were (1) reduced diabetes management (e.g., reduced diabetes monitoring and physical activity), (2) suboptimal mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety and depression), and (3) outcomes of financial stressors. Conclusion The findings indicated that underserved Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes encountered a number of stressors that led to the deterioration of diabetes self-management behaviors during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myia S. Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Edgardo Cigaran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sabrina Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Jose Marino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Alyson K. Myers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein/Montefiore, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ralph J. DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University (NYU) School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States
- Hispanic Counseling Center, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Goris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Valeria Correa Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Dilcia Granville
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University (NYU) School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States
- Hispanic Counseling Center, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | | | - Yael T. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Myriam Kline
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Martin L. Lesser
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Amgad N. Makaryus
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, United States
| | - Lawrence M. Murray
- Annie E. Casey Foundation Children and Family Fellowship, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Samy I. McFarlane
- Division of Infectious Disease, College of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Vidhi H. Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer Polo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Roman Zeltser
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, United States
| | - Renee Pekmezaris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Services Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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24
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Walker DOH, Rabelo VC, Stewart OJ, Herbert DN. Social determinants of mental health: the roles of traumatic events, financial strain, housing instability, food insecurity, and commute time. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37053563 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2185454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify social determinants of mental health embedded within college students' living and learning conditions. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 215 mostly undergraduate (95%) business students at a diverse, urban west coast public university (48% women; mean age 24). METHODS Participants completed an online self-report survey measuring affective state, global mental health, anxious and depressive symptoms, as well as social determinants of mental health. Data were analyzed using multiple regression controlling for self-esteem, gender, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Results suggest that higher family income is positively related to mental health, whereas more adverse events (e.g., assault, robbery, serious illness or injury), food insecurity, and commute time are negatively related to mental health. Moderation results indicate a moderate buffering effect of belonging on global mental health among students who experience zero adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Social determinants can shed light on student's precarious living and learning conditions and resultant effects on students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna O H Walker
- Lam Family College of Business, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
- College of Business, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Verónica Caridad Rabelo
- Lam Family College of Business, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Drew N Herbert
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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25
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Nosek S. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on college students with marginalized identities. EQUITY IN EDUCATION & SOCIETY 2023; 2:78-93. [PMID: 38742119 PMCID: PMC11090628 DOI: 10.1177/27526461221149035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This study sought to examine whether college students with marginalized identities have been disparately impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic with regard to perceived stress, social isolation, and pandemic-related concern, and whether this relationship was moderated by self-reported experiences of prejudice and/or discrimination. Nine hundred eighty three college students from 38 of the United States completed an online survey. Results showed that college students who were born after 1997 (i.e., Generation Z), sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and/or black, indigenous and/or people of color (BIPoC) reported more experiences of prejudice and discrimination than their peers as well as higher levels of perceived stress, social isolation, and pandemic-related concern. Furthermore, BIPoC students who also experienced prejudice and/or discrimination reported higher levels of pandemic-related concern than White students. Implications of these findings are discussed, including the need to support college students with marginalized identities as they cope with the short-term and long-term psychosocial impact of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nosek
- Saint Michael's College, Colchester, VT, USA
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26
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Oh H, Martz C, Lincoln KD, Taylor RJ, Neblett EW, Chae D. Depression impairment among young adult college students: exploring the racial paradox. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36997332 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2023.2192898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest Black Americans have a lower prevalence of depression than White Americans despite greater exposure to risk factors for depression across the life course. We examined whether this paradox exists among students in higher education, and whether the paradox may be partly explained by racial differences in reports of impairment from depression, which is a required criterion for clinical diagnosis. METHODS We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020-2021), restricting the sample to young adults (18-29) who identified as either Black or White. Using modified Poisson regression models to estimate risk ratios, we examined associations between race and depression impairment across five levels of depression severity, adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS Approximately 23% of Black students reported depression impairment, which is significantly lower than the 28% of White students who reported depression impairment. For all students, greater depression severity was associated with greater probability of impairment; however, the relationship was more modest among Black students. At severe, moderately severe, and moderate depression levels, Black students had lower risk of depression impairment compared with White students. CONCLUSION White students may be more likely than Black students to report significant impairment at high levels of depression. These findings open the possibility that racial differences in the impairment criterion of clinical diagnoses may explain some the racial depression paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Connor Martz
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Karen D Lincoln
- Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David Chae
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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27
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The Impact of a Culturally Meaningful Storytelling Intervention on Stigma and Attitudes About Mental Health Treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:419-426. [PMID: 36878207 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The fear of being devalued or discriminated against is a salient deterrent to seeking mental health care, especially in communities of color where racial stigma also impacts mental health and perceptions of service utilization. To address this issue, our research team partnered with This Is My Brave Inc to develop and evaluate a virtual storytelling intervention to highlight and amplify the voices of Black and Brown Americans living with mental illness and/or addiction. We utilized a pretest-posttest survey design administered electronically to viewers of the series (n = 100 Black, indigenous, people of color and n = 144 non-Hispanic White). Results indicated that postintervention, scores on public stigma and perceived discrimination measures were significantly reduced. We identified significant interaction effects, such that Black, indigenous, people of color viewers showed a greater rate of improvement on outcomes. This study provides strong preliminary evidence of the impact of a culturally meaningful virtual approach to addressing stigma and improving attitudes about mental health treatment.
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28
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Bhatta TR, Lekhak N, Goler TD, Kahana E, Rathi S. The intersection of race and financial strain: The pain of social disconnection among women in the United States. J Women Aging 2023; 35:38-48. [PMID: 35226586 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Considerable attention has been directed at increased social isolation and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on later-life psychological well-being. There is a dearth of research on the effect of financial strain and associated psychosocial mechanisms on loneliness among women across racial groups. It is unclear how racial status and financial strain intersect to impact later-life loneliness amid immense uncertainty, social isolation, and anxiety induced by the pandemic.Methods: Based on our nationwide Web-based survey (n = 1,301), we used ordinary least square regression to examine the effects of financial strain on loneliness among Black and White women and assessed the role of emotional support in contributing to such effects.Results: We found that Black women face significantly more financial strain than White women but also receive more emotional support and experience less loneliness. Findings show that women experiencing financial strain report increased loneliness, but the negative effects of financial strain are significantly greater for Black women than for White women. Our mediation analysis revealed that emotional support made a significant contribution to the effects of financial strain on loneliness in White women but not in Black women.Discussion: Despite shared vulnerability and social isolation across the general population, our findings suggest that negative effects of financial strain on loneliness among women continue to differ across race, even amid the pandemic. Our findings demonstrate how emotional support explains the relationship between financial strain and later-life loneliness in a racially distinct manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirth R Bhatta
- Department of Sociology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Nirmala Lekhak
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Timothy D Goler
- Department of Sociology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Eva Kahana
- Department of Sociology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sfurti Rathi
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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29
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Semukhina OB. Racial Disparities in Crime Victimization during the COVID-19 Lockdown. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE : AJCJ 2023; 48:395-419. [PMID: 34840490 PMCID: PMC8603909 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-021-09662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The study examines racial differences in crime victimization rates among Black, Hispanic and White individuals during the stay-at-home order in Dallas city, TX. The study is based on sample of 85,958 calls for service recorded by Dallas Police Department between February 13, 2019, and April 30, 2020, where victims have been identified and their race is known. The findings suggest that Blacks were less likely to experience unintended drop in crime rates during the lockdown and also less likely to see decline in crimes against property when compared to both White and Hispanic victims. At the same time Blacks were more likely to experience increase in crimes committed at the apartments during the lockdown with Black females experiencing higher increase than Black males. There were no differences in crime victimization for incidents occurred in public places and crimes against persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga B. Semukhina
- Department of Criminal Justice, Tarleton State University, Fort Worth, TX USA
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30
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Rice KG, Aiello M, Durán B, Ashby JS, Kira I. Sociodemographic factors as moderators of COVID-19 stress on depression. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:110-123. [PMID: 35549609 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2076084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many aspects of daily life, but relatively little is known about COVID-19-related stress for subgroups in the population. We examined differences in COVID-stress and depression as a function of gender, race, ethnicity, and subjective social status. We tested these factors as moderators of the association between COVID-stress and depression. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional design to test associations between sociodemographic factors, COVID-stress, and depression. Analyses were based on confirmatory factor analytic and structural equations models. METHODS A convenience sample of 1,058 U.S. MTurk workers and college students (54.5% cisgender women; 55.1% racial/ethnic minoritized individuals) was recruited. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-stress and depression. RESULTS COVID-stress was positively associated with depression. Overall, neither gender nor racial minoritized status moderated COVID-stress effects on depression. However, intersectional analyses revealed COVID-stress was a significant risk factor for depression among Black women compared to other participants. COVID-stress was more strongly linked to depression for Hispanic individuals and participants with higher social status. CONCLUSIONS Future studies may benefit from the COVID-stress scale evaluated in this study and by considering the differential effects of sociodemographic factors on psychological functioning during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Rice
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michelle Aiello
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Barbara Durán
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey S Ashby
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ibrahim Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, Georgia
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31
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Zarowsky Z, Rashid T. Resilience and Wellbeing Strategies for Pandemic Fatigue in Times of Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 8:1-36. [PMID: 36196257 PMCID: PMC9523176 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is truly one of the greatest collective health crises in history which have altered our life and living. For years, people have felt fatigued from following public health directives such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and working or studying remotely without in-person interactions. In this paper, we explore strategies for resilience and wellbeing which can mitigate pandemic-caused stress and behavioural fatigue. We start with individual level strategies including reworking stress appraisals, the importance of psychological flexibility, reducing loneliness through adaptive online platform use, optimizing familial relationships when living in close quarters for a prolonged period, reducing symptoms of burnout and using adaptive distractions, using specific evidence-based resilience strategies. We discuss specific considerations which tap on our shared identities and shared responsibilities which can enhance a sense of community, especially for individuals from marginalized backgrounds and how suicide risks can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zarowsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Tayyab Rashid
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, Melbourne, Australia
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32
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Cos TA, Levkovich N, Tjoa CW, Williams SK, Larach CS. Integrated primary care behavioural health in a regional network of FQHC agencies during COVID-19. INTEGRATED HEALTHCARE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/ihj-2022-000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives(1) Examine the ability to sustain integrated primary care behavioural health (eg, colocation, communication and coordination) in 40 community health centres, during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) review adaptations and challenges to provide integrated behavioural health via telehealth.Methods and analysisThis qualitative investigation assessed 55 behavioural health consultants (BHCs), via semistructured interviews, spanning 40 practice sites and 10 organisations, on their adjustment to telehealth delivery, modified practice workflows and challenges of maintaining integration while displaced by the pandemic. Assessment of the level of integrated care was also conducted with available semistructured toolsResultsThe results highlight rapid service adjustment, positive patient and provider satisfaction, increased but lowered ratings of remote BHC integration and collaboration with the primary care teams and reduced behavioural health screening, compared with prepandemic levels. This investigation also highlights the co-occurring importance of racial disparities and injustice in patient care. In several settings, BHCs had a significant support role for staff self-care.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic, and its subsequent shelter-in-place mandates and telehealth care provision, has altered standard integrated behavioural health practice, yet harnessed the accessible, generalist and team-based spirit to meet the increasing behavioural health needs in this community.
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33
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Lee YH, Liu Z, Fatori D, Bauermeister JR, Luh RA, Clark CR, Bauermeister S, Brunoni AR, Smoller JW. Association of Everyday Discrimination With Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the All of Us Research Program. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:898-906. [PMID: 35895053 PMCID: PMC9330278 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has coincided with an increase in depressive symptoms as well as a growing awareness of health inequities and structural racism in the United States. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of mental health with everyday discrimination during the pandemic in a large and diverse cohort of the All of Us Research Program. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using repeated assessments in the early months of the pandemic, mixed-effects models were fitted to assess the associations of discrimination with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, and inverse probability weights were applied to account for nonrandom probabilities of completing the voluntary survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The exposure and outcome measures were ascertained using the Everyday Discrimination Scale and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Scores for PHQ-9 that were greater than or equal to 10 were classified as moderate to severe depressive symptoms, and any positive response to the ninth item of the PHQ-9 scale was considered as presenting suicidal ideation. RESULTS A total of 62 651 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.3 [15.9] years; female sex at birth, 41 084 [65.6%]) completed at least 1 assessment between May and July 2020. An association with significantly increased likelihood of moderate to severe depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation was observed as the levels of discrimination increased. There was a dose-response association, with 17.68-fold (95% CI, 13.49-23.17; P < .001) and 10.76-fold (95% CI, 7.82-14.80; P < .001) increases in the odds of moderate to severe depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, respectively, on experiencing discrimination more than once a week. In addition, the association with depressive symptoms was greater when the main reason for discrimination was race, ancestry, or national origins among Hispanic or Latino participants at all 3 time points and among non-Hispanic Asian participants in May and June 2020. Furthermore, high levels of discrimination were as strongly associated with moderate to severe depressive symptoms as was history of prepandemic mood disorder diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large and diverse sample, increased levels of discrimination were associated with higher odds of experiencing moderate to severe depressive symptoms. This association was particularly evident when the main reason for discrimination was race, ancestry, or national origins among Hispanic or Latino participants and, early in the pandemic, among non-Hispanic Asian participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younga H. Lee
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Fatori
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rebecca A. Luh
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Cheryl R. Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - André R. Brunoni
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Palitsky R, Kaplan DM, Brodt MA, Anderson MR, Athey A, Coffino JA, Egbert A, Hallowell ES, Han GT, Hartmann MA, Herbitter C, Herrera Legon M, Hughes CD, Jao NC, Kassel MT, Le TAP, Levin-Aspenson HF, López G, Maroney MR, Medrano M, Reznik SJ, Rogers ML, Stevenson BL. Systemic Challenges in Internship Training for Health-Service Psychology: A Call to Action From Trainee Stakeholders. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:819-845. [PMID: 36465892 PMCID: PMC9718483 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211072232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The challenges observed in health service psychology (HSP) training during COVID-19 revealed systemic and philosophical issues that preexisted the pandemic, but became more visible during the global health crisis. In a position paper written by 23 trainees across different sites and training specializations, the authors use lessons learned from COVID-19 as a touchstone for a call to action in HSP training. Historically, trainee voices have been conspicuously absent from literature about clinical training. We describe longstanding dilemmas in HSP training that were exacerbated by the pandemic and will continue to require resolution after the pandemic has subsided. The authors make recommendations for systems-level changes that would advance equity and sustainability in HSP training. This article advances the conversation about HSP training by including the perspective of trainees as essential stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palitsky
- 1. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
| | - D M Kaplan
- 1. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
- 12. Brown University, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies
| | - M A Brodt
- 2. Oklahoma State University, Counseling and Counseling Psychology Department, College of Education and Human Sciences
| | - M R Anderson
- 1. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
| | - A Athey
- 3. Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health
| | - J A Coffino
- 4. Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine
| | - A Egbert
- 1. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
- 5. The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - E S Hallowell
- 1. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
| | - G T Han
- 6. Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine
| | | | - C Herbitter
- 8. VA Boston Healthcare System
- 18. Boston University Medical School
| | | | - C D Hughes
- 1. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
| | - N C Jao
- 1. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
- 5. The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | | | - T-A P Le
- 11. Capital OCD and Anxiety Practice
| | - H F Levin-Aspenson
- 1. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
| | - G López
- 12. Brown University, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies
| | - M R Maroney
- 13. Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary
| | | | - S J Reznik
- 15. Texas Institute for Excellence in Mental Health, University of Texas at Austin
| | - M L Rogers
- 16. Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel
| | - B L Stevenson
- 17. University of Minnesota Department of Psychiatry
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Huang HY, Li H, Hsu Y. Coping, COVID knowledge, communication, and HBCU student's emotional well-being: Mediating role of perceived control and social connectedness. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2703-2725. [PMID: 35187691 PMCID: PMC9088254 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic has disproportionately affected African American college students, who have experienced significant work-related, academic, financial, and socio-emotional challenges due to COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to investigate how African American students cope with the severe impact of COVID-19 on their emotional well-being leveraging the benefits of self-care coping measures, COVID-19 knowledge, and communication with others to enhance perceived control and social connectedness. A structural equation modeling and a path analysis of 254 responses from a Historically Black College and University showed that emotional well-being was positively predicted by self-care coping strategies, feelings of being in control in life, and social connectedness. In addition, respondents who adopted mind-body balance coping strategies, those who are knowledgeable about COVID-19, and those in more constant communication with others attained a strong sense of being in control, and in turn the empowerment increased their emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Yuan Huang
- School of Journalism and Graphic CommunicationFlorida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of PsychologyFlorida A&M UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Ying‐Chia Hsu
- Murrow College of CommunicationWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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36
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Fani N, White D, Marshall-Lee E, Hampton-Anderson J. Antiracist Practice in Psychiatry: Principles and Recommendations. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:270-276. [PMID: 37205017 PMCID: PMC10172519 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20220045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified mental health disparities among people of color, particularly for Black, Latinx, and American Indian populations. In addition to experiencing overt hostility and systemic injustice, people from marginalized racial-ethnic groups experience prejudice and bias from clinicians that has disrupted rapport and trust in mental health systems; these experiences, in turn, have deepened these health disparities. In this article, the authors describe factors that have served to perpetuate mental health disparities and outline key components of antiracist practice in psychiatry (and in mental health practice, more generally). With lessons learned in recent years, this article presents practical ways to incorporate antiracist practices into clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - DeJuan White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Erica Marshall-Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Joya Hampton-Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
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Novacek DM, Wynn JK, McCleery A, Reavis EA, Senturk D, Sugar CA, Tsai J, Green MF. Racial differences in the psychosocial response to the COVID-19 pandemic in veterans with psychosis or recent homelessness. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2022; 92:590-598. [PMID: 35737567 PMCID: PMC9958263 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disproportionately impact people of color and individuals experiencing psychosis and homelessness. However, it is unclear whether there are differences by race in psychosocial responses to the pandemic in vulnerable populations. The double jeopardy hypothesis posits that multiply marginalized individuals would experience worse psychosocial outcomes. The present study investigated the clinical and functional initial responses to the pandemic in both Black (n = 103) and White veterans (n = 98) with psychosis (PSY), recent homelessness (RHV), and in a control group (CTL) enrolled in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare services. Clinical interviews were administered via phone at two time points: baseline (mid-May through mid-August 2020) and follow-up (mid-August through September 2020). The baseline interview also included retrospective measures of pre-COVID status from January 2020. There were no significant differences between Black and White veterans in depression, anxiety, or loneliness. However, Black veterans did endorse more fears of contamination, F(1, 196.29) = 9.48, p = .002. Across all groups, Black veterans had better family integration compared to White veterans, F(1, 199.98) = 7.62, p = .006. There were no significant differences by race in social integration, work/role productivity, or independent living. In sum, there were few significant differences between Black and White veterans in initial psychosocial response to the pandemic. The lack of racial disparities might reflect the presence of VA's wrap-around services. The findings also highlight the robust nature of social support in Black veterans, even in the context of a global pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Novacek
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonathan K. Wynn
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amanda McCleery
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Eric A. Reavis
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Damla Senturk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine A. Sugar
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jack Tsai
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael F. Green
- Center on Enhancing Community Integration in Homeless Veterans, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Cross WE, Neville HA, Austin CL, Reinhardt JS. Black Lives Matter and Nigrescence Theory: When Police Violence Triggers an Encounter. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00957984221086449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a social movement. The video recording of the death of George Floyd represented a collective Encounter that spread across the United States and the globe via various social media platforms with startling immediacy. In this manuscript, the authors apply Nigrescence theory to the BLM protests of 2020. We argue that Nigrescence theory provides a framework to understand catalysts to individual and collective activism and the progression of a social movement. In the current analysis, Immersion-Emersion is demonstrated citing the types of social and organizational changes initiated by groups, companies, and institutions. The movement is ongoing; thus, evidence of Internalization as well as Internalization-Commitment is missing. However, published objectives make clear the movement’s vision and commitments. Although it centers race, when combined with the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic, BLM has uncovered the need for change related to social class as well as race and an immediate challenge for the BLM leadership is their ability to address this intersectional phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Cross
- Higher Education and Counseling Psychology, Denver University, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Helen A. Neville
- Educational Psychology and Black Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Crystal L. Austin
- Psychological Studies in Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Williams DP, Jones NM, Holman EA. Racial and ethnic differences in perseverative cognition at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115105. [PMID: 35724589 PMCID: PMC9161684 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Coronavirus (COVID-19) disproportionately affects people of color (e.g., Black and Latinx individuals) in the U.S., increasing their morbidity and mortality relative to White people. Despite this greater threat to their well-being, the mental health impact of COVID-19 on people of color remains poorly understood. Perseverative cognition (PC; i.e., excessive worry and/or rumination), is a common psychological response to such threats that independently associates with poor mental and physical health. Objective To examine patterns of PC across race/ethnicity when the COVID-19 pandemic began. Methods This study surveyed 6,514 respondents from the NORC AmeriSpeak panel, a probability-based representative national sample of U.S. adults between 3/18/20-4/18/20. We employed traditional statistical analyses and natural language processing of open-ended data to examine pandemic-related worries. Results Weighted regression analyses with relevant covariates revealed group differences across specific domains of COVID-related worry. Relative to White respondents, Hispanic/Latino respondents reported more worries about social disarray, meeting basic needs, experiencing economic impacts, obtaining healthcare, and contracting COVID-19. Black respondents reported more worry about economic impacts relative to Whites. Additional group differences in worry emerged in open-ended data: Black respondents perseverated about death from COVID-19, whereas Hispanic/Latino respondents reported concerns about COVID-19 spread, and people refusing to uphold mitigation mandates. In contrast, White respondents expressed worry over compromised immune systems and economic collapse. Conclusions Results identify significant group differences in COVID-19 related PC, suggesting that people of color faced greater threat to mental well-being at the onset of the pandemic, and may be at greater risk for downstream PC-related physical health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeWayne P Williams
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Nickolas M Jones
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - E Alison Holman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, USA; Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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40
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Venegas-Murillo AL, Bazargan M, Grace S, Cobb S, Vargas R, Givens S, Li-Sarain S, Delgado C, Villatoro J, Goodall A, Tesimale R, Ramirez S, Brown M, Uyanne J, Assari S. Mitigating COVID-19 Risk and Vaccine Hesitancy Among Underserved African American and Latinx Individuals with Mental Illness Through Mental Health Therapist-Facilitated Discussions. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1358-1370. [PMID: 35534682 PMCID: PMC9083473 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Underserved ethnic minorities with psychiatric disorders are at an increased risk of COVID-19. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of one-to-one counseling on COVID-19 vaccination and vaccination readiness among underserved African American and Latinx individuals with mental illnesses and adult caregivers of children with mental illness. Methods Through an academic-community partnered collaboration, a multidisciplinary and culturally sensitive training on COVID-19 was co-developed and delivered to 68 therapists from January to March 2021. Mental health clients and their caregivers were recruited to participate in pre- and post-intervention surveys to evaluate the impact of the intervention on their perceptions of COVID-19 public health guidelines, testing, and vaccination. Mental health therapists delivered four lessons of the COVID-19 educational intervention with 254 clients from March to June 2021, when vaccine availability was widely available. Of those clients, we collected 180 baseline and 115 follow-up surveys. The main outcome was the uptake in COVID-19 vaccine. Results There was a positive shift in participant vaccine acceptance and receptivity. Pre-intervention survey shows that only 56% of adult clients and 48% of caregivers had indicated a likelihood of getting the vaccine for themselves at baseline. Post-intervention documented that more than 57% of each group had been vaccinated, with another 11–15% of the unvaccinated individuals reporting that they were somewhat or very likely to get the vaccine. Conclusion This study demonstrated that multidisciplinary academic-community and theoretical-based educational intervention delivered by mental health therapists is an effective strategy in increasing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and reducing the negative impact and disruption that COVID-19 caused in the daily life of mental health patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Family Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Stephen Grace
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sharon Cobb
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Roberto Vargas
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Shronda Givens
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sheila Li-Sarain
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Carissa Delgado
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jeffry Villatoro
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Asia Goodall
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Rylan Tesimale
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sylvia Ramirez
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Monica Brown
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - John Uyanne
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Shervin Assari
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA USA
- Tessie Cleveland Community Services Corporation (TCCSC), Los Angeles, CA USA
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Connor C, De Valliere N, Warwick J, Stewart-Brown S, Thompson A. The COV-ED Survey: exploring the impact of learning and teaching from home on parent/carers' and teachers' mental health and wellbeing during COVID-19 lockdown. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:889. [PMID: 35509002 PMCID: PMC9066392 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the emergence of COVID-19 in the UK, on March 18th 2020 the majority of schools in England closed and families and teachers were tasked with providing educational support for children and adolescents within the home environment. Little is known, however, regarding the impact of remote teaching and learning on the mental wellbeing of parents/carers and teaching staff. METHODS The Coronavirus Education (COV-ED) online survey explored the practicalities of learning and teaching from home for 329 parents/carers and 117 teachers of 11-15 year old adolescents in England, during June/July 2020, and the associated impact on their mental wellbeing. Participants were recruited through schools and via University of Warwick social media channels. Data was analysed using a series of Multiple Linear and Multivariate Regressions. RESULTS Despite coping well with the challenges of remote learning, a third of teachers reported below average mental wellbeing on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Multivariate regression revealed that wellbeing was associated with access to resources and confidence to teach from home. Almost half of parents/carers surveyed reported below average wellbeing. Multivariate regression revealed that poor wellbeing was more common in those who were also working from home and who lacked support for their own mental health. Concerns about their child's mental health and lack of access to electronic devices and workspace were also significantly associated with the mental wellbeing of parents/carers. CONCLUSIONS Whilst young people's mental health and wellbeing has, and continues to be a national priority, the mental health and wellbeing of the families and teachers supporting them has not previously been explored. Our survey population was of predominantly white British heritage, female and living in the West Midlands UK, therefore, findings should be treated with caution. Findings provide a snapshot of factors that may be of significance to families and schools in supporting the mental wellbeing of those tasked with learning from home. They will help i) increase knowledge and awareness with regard to future support of families and teachers during similar crises; ii) enable the design and development of practical solutions in the delivery of remote teaching and learning; and, iii) help address the mental wellbeing needs of those tasked with supporting adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Connor
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, England.
| | - N De Valliere
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, England
| | - J Warwick
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, England
| | - S Stewart-Brown
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, England
| | - A Thompson
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, England
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Hamilton JL, Nesi J, Choukas-Bradley S. Reexamining Social Media and Socioemotional Well-Being Among Adolescents Through the Lens of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Theoretical Review and Directions for Future Research. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:662-679. [PMID: 34756118 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/5stx4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Social media has rapidly transformed the ways in which adolescents socialize and interact with the world, which has contributed to ongoing public debate about whether social media is helping or harming adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified both the challenges and opportunities of adolescents' social-media use, which necessitates revisiting the conversation around teens and social media. In this article, we discuss key aspects of adolescent social-media use and socioemotional well-being and outline how these issues may be amplified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use this as a springboard to outline key future research directions for the field, with the goal of moving away from reductionist approaches and toward a more nuanced perspective to understand the who, what, and when of social-media use and its impact on adolescent well-being. We conclude with a commentary on how psychological science can inform the translation of research to provide evidence-based recommendations for adolescent social-media use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Nesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University
- Bradley Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Lekhak N, Bhatta TR, Goler TD, Kahana E, Rathi S. Coping With Uncertainty: Use of Contemplative Practices Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Holist Nurs Pract 2022; Publish Ahead of Print:00004650-990000000-00003. [PMID: 35435860 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Scant research has attempted to understand the use and frequency of contemplative practices across social groups of older adults in the context of uniquely uncertain and stressful circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from a nationwide web-based survey (n = 1861), we examined the change in the frequency of contemplative practices and variation across sociodemographic, health, and psychological status and we documented a significant increase in the use of prayer and meditation since the beginning of the pandemic. Minority groups and those with lower income reported praying longer than their counterparts. Respondents who were unmarried, women, and more educated were more likely to meditate, whereas lower-educated respondents were more likely to pray during the pandemic. Greater use of these practices was found among participants with higher anxiety. Our study offers much-needed guidance for future intervention studies to improve psychological well-being among diverse groups of older adults facing stressful circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Lekhak
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas (Dr Lekhak); Department of Sociology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas (Dr Bhatta); Department of Sociology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia (Dr Goler); Department of Sociology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Dr Kahana); and School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas (Ms Rathi)
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Penner F, Rajesh A, Kinney KL, Mabus KL, Barajas KG, McKenna KR, Lim CS. Racial and demographic disparities in emergency department utilization for mental health concerns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114442. [PMID: 35219262 PMCID: PMC8840823 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether emergency department (ED) visits for mental health concerns increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking a health disparities lens. ED encounters from the only academic medical center in Mississippi were extracted from March-December 2019 and 2020, totaling 2,842 pediatric (ages 4-17) and 17,887 adult (ages 18-89) patients. Visits were coded based on primary ED diagnosis. For adults, there were fewer depression/anxiety ED visits during the pandemic, not moderated by any demographic factor, but no differences for serious mental illness or alcohol/substance use. For youth, there were significantly fewer ED visits for behavior problems during the pandemic among children in the lower socioeconomic status (SES) category; there were no differences for depression/anxiety. Regardless of year, adults in the lower SES category were more likely to visit the ED for mental health, Black adults were less likely to visit the ED for depression/anxiety or alcohol/substance use, and Black children were less likely to visit the ED for behavioral concerns. Results suggest that access to outpatient and telehealth services remains critical for mental health care during the pandemic and underline the importance of race- and SES-related factors in use of the ED for mental health concerns beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Penner
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Aishwarya Rajesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States,Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kerry L. Kinney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Kara L. Mabus
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Kimberly G. Barajas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States,Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kevin R. McKenna
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Crystal S. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Haikalis M, Doucette H, Meisel MK, Birch K, Barnett NP. Changes in College Student Anxiety and Depression From Pre- to During-COVID-19: Perceived Stress, Academic Challenges, Loneliness, and Positive Perceptions. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:534-545. [PMID: 35382515 PMCID: PMC8919103 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211058516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major stressor that has negatively impacted global mental health. Many U.S. college students faced an abrupt transition to remote learning in March 2020 that significantly disrupted their routines, likely causing changes in mental health. The current study examined changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms among 990 college students, from before COVID-19 had reached U.S. community spread to 5 months into the pandemic. Results indicate overall increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms; this effect was amplified as more COVID-related challenges with academic impact and loneliness were reported. Increases in anxiety and depression were buffered as a function of greater perceived positive changes attributed to COVID-19; the differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms over time were also lessened when greater perceived stress prior to COVID-19 was reported. Findings reveal an unexpected effect involving pre-pandemic stress, and highlight potential targets to promote resilience, which should be examined long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hannah Doucette
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew K. Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kelli Birch
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nancy P. Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Shell EM, Hua J, Sullivan P. Cultural racism and burnout among Black mental health therapists. JOURNAL OF EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/joec.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Mackenzie Shell
- Department of Counselor Education Clark Atlanta University Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Justin Hua
- Department of Counseling & Human Development Services University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Phillip Sullivan
- Department of Counseling & Human Development Services University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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Lima AIC, Carvalho FM, de Santana Silva MV, Fagundes Silva JK, de Azevedo CF, Lins-Kusterer L. Anxiety among Brazilian Dentists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2201310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Despite using biosafety protocols, dentists fear contracting COVID-19 and face economic uncertainties about their professional future caused by the pandemic.
Objective:
This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anxiety and identifying factors associated with it among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study involving 408 Brazilian dental surgeons selected by snowball technique who filled an electronic questionnaire about sex, race, dental specialty, health habits, health-related quality of life, anxiety, and COVID-19-related aspects. Symptoms of anxiety were measured by the Beck anxiety inventory, and health-related quality of life was assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Poisson regression was used to obtain estimates of adjusted prevalence ratios.
Results:
The prevalence rate of anxiety was found to be 27.5% and it was significantly higher among dentists who were afraid of catching COVID-19 (Prevalence Ratio=PR=2.52), and among those who reported sweating, wheezing, and increased heart rate during work (PR=3.67). Afro-American dentists were 48% more anxious than dentists belonging to the white/yellow race. The mean value of the quality of life of anxious dentists compared to non-anxious dentists was 13% lower in the physical domain, 12% lower in the psychological domain, and 7% higher in the social relationship domain.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian dentists, in the context of economic uncertainty and social distance imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, is high and associated with the fear of contracting the disease, physical symptomatology of stress, being Afro-American, and altered quality of life in the physical, psychological, and social relationships domains.
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Mercier CM, Abbott DM, Ternes MS. Coping Matters: An Examination of Coping among Black Americans During COVID-19. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000211069598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a critical race theory framework and a convergent mixed-method design, this study examined the relationship between coping with stress and psychological distress among Black U.S. Americans ( N = 155) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of race-based stressors (e.g., anti-Black racism). Path analysis revealed mixed support for hypotheses; avoidant coping was positively related to all measured facets of psychological distress, whereas socially supported coping was associated with none. Self-sufficient coping was negatively associated with only depressive symptoms. Qualitative analysis revealed four salient themes: (a) Race and the COVID-19 Pandemic, (b) Complex Pandemic Related Changes to Life, (c) Emotional Responses to the Pandemic, and (d) Coping with the COVID Pandemic. These themes suggested the pandemic disrupted participants’ ability to engage in, or effectively use, typically adaptive coping strategies and distress was exacerbated by fears for the safety of other Black U.S. Americans. Implications for training, practice, research, and advocacy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Mercier
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Dena M. Abbott
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michael S. Ternes
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
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Kondo MC, Felker-Kantor E, Wu K, Gustat J, Morrison CN, Richardson L, Branas CC, Theall KP. Stress and Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Neighborhood Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052779. [PMID: 35270488 PMCID: PMC8910081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhoods play a central role in health and mental health, particularly during disasters and crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined changes in psychological distress following the pandemic, and the potential role of neighborhood conditions among 244 residents of New Orleans, Louisiana. Using modified linear regression models, we assessed associations between neighborhood characteristics and change in psychological distress from before to during the pandemic, testing effect modification by sex and social support. While higher density of offsite alcohol outlets (β = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.23), assault rate (β = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.24), and walkable streets (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.07) in neighborhoods were associated with an increase in distress, access to neighborhood parks (β = −0.03; 95% CI: −0.05, −0.01), collective efficacy (β = −0.23; 95% CI: −0.35, −0.09), and homicide rate (β = −1.2; 95% CI: −1.8, −0.6) were associated with reduced distress related to the pandemic. These relationships were modified by sex and social support. Findings revealed the important but complicated relationship between psychological distress and neighborhood characteristics. While a deeper understanding of the neighborhoods’ role in distress is needed, interventions that target neighborhood environments to ameliorate or prevent the residents’ distress may be important not only during crisis situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Kondo
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 100 N. 20th St, Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Felker-Kantor
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.F.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Kimberly Wu
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.F.-K.); (K.W.)
| | - Jeanette Gustat
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (J.G.); (K.P.T.)
| | - Christopher N. Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.N.M.); (C.C.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lisa Richardson
- Institute of Women and Ethnic Studies, Research and Technology Foundation, Inc., 2021 Lakeshore Drive, Suite 220, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Charles C. Branas
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.N.M.); (C.C.B.)
| | - Katherine P. Theall
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (J.G.); (K.P.T.)
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Abdul-Adil J, Suárez LM. The Urban Youth Trauma Center: A Trauma-Informed Continuum for Addressing Community Violence Among Youth. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:334-342. [PMID: 33870469 PMCID: PMC8053560 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary community violence has escalated into a national public health crisis with urban youth, particularly ethnic minorities, suffering disproportionate negative impacts. The Urban Youth Trauma Center (UYTC) promotes a trauma-informed continuum of prevention-to-intervention services that combines community-based and clinic-based manualized protocols designed to reduce and prevent community violence for youth and families. Based on a socio-ecological model, UYTC has the main goals of addressing community violence and related traumatic stress as well as co-occurring conditions of substance abuse and disruptive behavior problems in urban youth by: (1) raising public awareness; (2) disseminating specialized trauma-informed training; and (3) mobilizing service system coalitions. UYTC employs this evidence-based yet flexible structure for disseminating, implementing, and evaluating trauma-informed training as a means of contributing to the reduction and prevention of community violence for low-income urban minority youth and families who bear the biggest burden of this current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleel Abdul-Adil
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Mail Code 747, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA.
| | - Liza M Suárez
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Mail Code 747, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
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