1
|
Watanabe M, Tsugeno Y, Sato T, Higashide M, Umetsu A, Furuhashi M, Ohguro H. Inhibition of mTOR differently modulates planar and subepithelial fibrogenesis in human conjunctival fibroblasts. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06481-2. [PMID: 39042147 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the current investigation, the effects of the mTOR inhibitors, Rapa and Torin1 on the TGF-β2-induced conjunctival fibrogenesis were studied. STUDY DESIGN Experimental research. METHODS 2D and 3D cultures of HconF were subjected to the following analyses; (1) planar proliferation evaluated by TEER (2D), (2) Seahorse metabolic analyses (2D), (3) subepithelial proliferation evaluated by the 3D spheroids' size and hardness, and (4) the mRNA expression of ECM proteins and their regulators (2D and 3D). RESULT Rapa or Torin1 both significantly increased planar proliferation in the non-TGF-β2-treated 2D HconF cells, but in the TGF-β2-treated cells, this proliferation was inhibited by Rapa and enhanced by Torin1. Although Rapa or Torin1 did not affect cellular metabolism in the non-TGF-β2-treated HconF cells, mTOR inhibitors significantly decreased and increased the mitochondrial respiration and the glycolytic capacity, respectively, under conditions of TGF-β2-induced fibrogenesis. Subepithelial proliferation, as evidenced by the hardness of the 3D spheroids, was markedly down-regulated by both Rapa and Torin1 independent of TGF-β2. The mRNA expressions of several ECM molecules and their regulators fluctuated in the cases of 2D vs 3D and TGF-β2 untreated vs treated cultures. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that mTOR inhibitors have the ability to increase and to reduce planar and subepithelial proliferation in HconF cells, depending on the inhibitor being used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Yuri Tsugeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
- Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Higashide
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Ika Daigaku, Hirosaki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brewer A, Sathe G, Pflug BE, Clarke RG, Macartney TJ, Sapkota GP. Mapping the substrate landscape of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit PPP2CA. iScience 2024; 27:109302. [PMID: 38450154 PMCID: PMC10915630 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an essential Ser/Thr phosphatase. The PP2A holoenzyme complex comprises a scaffolding (A), regulatory (B), and catalytic (C) subunit, with PPP2CA being the principal catalytic subunit. The full scope of PP2A substrates in cells remains to be defined. To address this, we employed dTAG proteolysis-targeting chimeras to efficiently and selectively degrade dTAG-PPP2CA in homozygous knock-in HEK293 cells. Unbiased global phospho-proteomics identified 2,204 proteins with significantly increased phosphorylation upon dTAG-PPP2CA degradation, implicating them as potential PPP2CA substrates. A vast majority of these are novel. Bioinformatic analyses revealed involvement of the potential PPP2CA substrates in spliceosome function, cell cycle, RNA transport, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. We identify a pSP/pTP motif as a predominant target for PPP2CA and confirm some of our phospho-proteomic data with immunoblotting. We provide an in-depth atlas of potential PPP2CA substrates and establish targeted degradation as a robust tool to unveil phosphatase substrates in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Brewer
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Billie E. Pflug
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Rosemary G. Clarke
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Thomas J. Macartney
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gopal P. Sapkota
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Urban LA, Li J, Gundogdu G, Trinh A, Shao H, Nguyen T, Mauney JR, Downing TL. DNA Methylation Dynamics During Esophageal Epithelial Regeneration Following Repair with Acellular Silk Fibroin Grafts in Rat. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200160. [PMID: 36658732 PMCID: PMC10401397 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal pathologies such as atresia and benign strictures often require surgical reconstruction with autologous tissues to restore organ continuity. Complications such as donor site morbidity and limited tissue availability have spurred the development of acellular grafts for esophageal tissue replacement. Acellular biomaterials for esophageal repair rely on the activation of intrinsic regenerative mechanisms to mediate de novo tissue formation at implantation sites. Previous research has identified signaling cascades involved in neoepithelial formation in a rat model of onlay esophagoplasty with acellular silk fibroin grafts, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. However, it is currently unknown how these mechanisms are governed by DNA methylation (DNAme) during esophageal wound healing processes. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing is performed to characterize temporal DNAme dynamics in host and regenerated tissues up to 1 week postimplantation. Overall, global hypermethylation is observed at postreconstruction timepoints and an inverse correlation between promoter DNAme and the expression levels of differentially expressed proteins during regeneration. Site-specific hypomethylation targets genes associated with immune activation, while hypermethylation occurs within gene bodies encoding PI3K-Akt signaling components during the tissue remodeling period. The data provide insight into the epigenetic mechanisms during esophageal regeneration following surgical repair with acellular grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Urban
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine; Irvine, California, USA
- UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jiachun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Gokhan Gundogdu
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Annie Trinh
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine; Irvine, California, USA
- UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Hanjuan Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Travis Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Joshua R. Mauney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Timothy L. Downing
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine; Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- UCI Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center (CIRC), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yeo JH, Roh DH. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin suppresses trigeminal neuropathic pain and p-MKK4/p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated microglial activation in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis of mice with infraorbital nerve injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1172366. [PMID: 37122619 PMCID: PMC10140572 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1172366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain caused by trigeminal nerve injury is a typical refractory orofacial chronic pain accompanied by the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia. We previously demonstrated that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin suppressed orofacial formalin injection-induced nociception; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear, and it is unknown whether it can reduce trigeminal neuropathic pain. In mice, left infraorbital nerve and partial nerve ligation (ION-pNL) was performed using a silk suture (8-0). Fourteen days after surgery, neuropathic pain behavior was examined on a whisker pad and rapamycin (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. Mechanical and cold sensitivities in the orofacial region were quantified using von Frey filaments and acetone solution, respectively. Changes in mTOR and related proteins, such as p-MKK3/6, p-MKK4, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38 MAPK, GFAP, and Iba-1, in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) or the trigeminal ganglia (TG) tissues were examined via western blot analysis or immunohistochemistry. Mice demonstrated significant mechanical and cold allodynia 2 weeks following ION-pNL injury, both of which were significantly reduced 1 h after the administration of high-dose rapamycin (1.0 mg/kg). In the TG tissue, ION-pNL surgery or rapamycin treatment did not change p-mTOR and p-4EBP1, but rapamycin reduced the increase of p-S6 and S6 induced by ION-pNL. In the TNC tissue, neither ION-pNL surgery nor rapamycin treatment altered p-mTOR, p-S6, and p-4EBP1 expressions, whereas rapamycin significantly decreased the ION-pNL-induced increase in Iba-1 expression. In addition, rapamycin suppressed the increase in p-p38 MAPK and p-MKK4 expressions but not p-MKK3/6 expression. Moreover, p-p38 MAPK-positive cells were colocalized with increased Iba-1 in the TNC. Our findings indicate that rapamycin treatment reduces both mechanical and cold orofacial allodynia in mice with trigeminal neuropathic pain, which is closely associated with the modulation of p-MKK4/p-p38 MAPK-mediated microglial activation in the TNC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lange M, Ohnesorge N, Hoffmann D, Rocha SF, Benedito R, Siekmann AF. Zebrafish mutants in vegfab can affect endothelial cell proliferation without altering ERK phosphorylation and are phenocopied by loss of PI3K signaling. Dev Biol 2022; 486:26-43. [PMID: 35337795 PMCID: PMC11238767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of appropriately patterned blood vessel networks requires endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Signaling through the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) pathway is instrumental in coordinating these processes. mRNA splicing generates short (diffusible) and long (extracellular matrix bound) Vegfa isoforms. The differences between these isoforms in controlling cellular functions are not understood. In zebrafish, vegfaa generates short and long isoforms, while vegfab only generates long isoforms. We found that mutations in vegfaa had an impact on endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation. Surprisingly, mutations in vegfab more strongly affected EC proliferation in distinct blood vessels, such as intersegmental blood vessels in the zebrafish trunk and central arteries in the head. Analysis of downstream signaling pathways revealed no change in MAPK (ERK) activation, while inhibiting PI3 kinase signaling phenocopied vegfab mutant phenotypes in affected blood vessels. Together, these results suggest that extracellular matrix bound Vegfa might act through PI3K signaling to control EC proliferation in a distinct set of blood vessels during angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nils Ohnesorge
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dennis Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Susana F Rocha
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asani B, Siedlecki J, Wertheimer C, Liegl R, Wolf A, Ohlmann A, Priglinger S, Priglinger C. Anti-angiogenic properties of rapamycin on human retinal pericytes in an in vitro model of neovascular AMD via inhibition of the mTOR pathway. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:138. [PMID: 35337287 PMCID: PMC8957126 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Choroidal neovascularizations (CNV) are partially stabilized through a coverage of pericytes leading to a partial anti-VEGF resistence. Drugs licensed for neovascular AMD (nAMD) do not take this mechanical and growth factor-driven CNV stability into account. The purpose of this work was to see if inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) may successfully block angiogenic cellular pathways in primary human retinal pericytes in an in vitro model of nAMD. METHODS The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was used to treat human retinal pericytes (HRP) at doses ranging from 0.005 to 15 g/ml. A modified metabolism-based XTT-Assay was used to assess toxicity and anti-proliferative effects. A scratch wound experiment showed the effects on migration. On Cultrex basement membrane gels, the influence of rapamycin on the development of endothelial cell capillary-like structures by human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the absence and presence of pericytes was investigated. RESULTS Rapamycin showed no signs of toxicity within its range of solubility. The drug showed dose dependent anti-proliferative activity and inhibited migration into the scratch wound. Endothelial cell tube formation in a HUVEC monoculture was effectively inhibited at 45%. A co-culture of HUVEC with pericytes on Cultrex induced endothelial tube stabilization but was disrupted by the addition of rapamycin leading to degradation of 94% of the tubes. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin allows for an efficient modulation of aspects of angiogenesis in pericytes via mTOR-modulation in vitro. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether rapamycin may have an impact on CNV in nAMD in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Asani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jakob Siedlecki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jefferies R, Puttagunta H, Krishnan A, Irish A, Swaminathan R, Olynyk JK. mTOR Inhibitors Induce Erythropoietin Resistance in Renal Transplant Recipients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:722058. [PMID: 35273970 PMCID: PMC8901721 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.722058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To elucidate the role of mTOR inhibitors on iron, hepcidin and erythropoietin-mediated regulation of hemopoiesis in stable renal transplant recipients (RTR). Background Impaired hemopoiesis is common following renal transplantation managed using mTOR inhibitors. The mechanisms responsible are uncertain but include direct effects on iron, hepcidin or erythropoietin-mediated hemopoiesis. Methods We conducted a single center prospective case-control study of 26 adult RTR with stable allograft function. RTR received stable mTOR dosing (cases, 11/26 [42%]) or stable tacrolimus dosing (controls, 15/26 [58%]). Baseline demographics, full blood count, renal function, iron studies, hepcidin-25, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and erythropoietin (EPO) levels were determined. Results There were no differences in age, gender or allograft function. Mean daily sirolimus dose for cases was 1.72 mg, with mean trough level of 8.46 ng/mL. Mean daily tacrolimus dose for controls was 4.3 mg, with mean trough level of 5.8 ng/mL. There were no differences in mean hemoglobin (143 vs. 147 g/L; p = 0.59), MCV (88 vs. 90 fL; p = 0.35), serum ferritin (150 vs. 85.7 μg/L; p = 0.06), transferrin saturation (26 vs. 23.3%; p = 0.46), IL-6 (11 vs. 7.02 pg/ml; p = 0.14) or hepcidin-25 (3.62 vs. 3.26 nM; p = 0.76) between the groups. EPO levels were significantly higher in the group receiving mTOR therapy (16.8 vs. 8.49 IU/L; p = 0.028). On logistic regression analysis EPO level was the only variable that had a significant impact providing an odds ratio of 0.84 (95%CI 0.66–0.98). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) for the analysis was 0.77 (95%CI 0.54–0.94) with p = 0.04. Conclusion: Higher levels of EPO in the absence of deranged iron biochemistry or hepcidin-25 levels suggest that EPO resistance rather than impaired iron metabolism may contribute to the impaired hemopoiesis previously demonstrated in RTR on mTOR therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reece Jefferies
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplant, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harish Puttagunta
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplant, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anoushka Krishnan
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplant, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashley Irish
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplant, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ramyasuda Swaminathan
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplant, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John K Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borsari C, Wymann MP. Targeting Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase - Five Decades of Chemical Space Exploration. Chimia (Aarau) 2021; 75:1037-1044. [PMID: 34920774 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a key role in a plethora of physiologic processes and controls cell growth, metabolism, immunity, cardiovascular and neurological function, and more. The discovery of wort-mannin as the first potent PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki) in the 1990s provided rapid identification of PI3K-dependent processes, which drove the discovery of the PI3K/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)/target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Genetic mouse models and first PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors pinpointed putative therapeutic applications. The recognition of PI3K as target for cancer therapy drove subsequently drug development. Here we provide a brief journey through the emerging roles of PI3K to the development of preclinical and clinical PI3Ki candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Wymann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Camaya I, Mok TY, Lund M, To J, Braidy N, Robinson MW, Santos J, O'Brien B, Donnelly S. The parasite-derived peptide FhHDM-1 activates the PI3K/Akt pathway to prevent cytokine-induced apoptosis of β-cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1605-1621. [PMID: 34374810 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of the insulin-producing beta (β)-cells within the pancreatic islets. We have previously identified a novel parasite-derived molecule, termed Fasciola hepatica helminth defence molecule 1 (FhHDM-1), that prevents T1D development in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study, proteomic analyses of pancreas tissue from NOD mice suggested that FhHDM-1 activated the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, which is associated with β-cell metabolism, survival and proliferation. Consistent with this finding, FhHDM-1 preserved β-cell mass in NOD mice. Examination of the biodistribution of FhHDM-1 after intraperitoneal administration in NOD mice revealed that the parasite peptide localised to the pancreas, suggesting that it exerted a direct effect on the survival/function of β-cells. This was confirmed in vitro, as the interaction of FhHDM-1 with the NOD-derived β-cell line, NIT-1, resulted in increased levels of phosphorylated Akt, increased NADH and NADPH and reduced activity of the NAD-dependent DNA nick sensor, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). As a consequence, β-cell survival was enhanced and apoptosis was prevented in the presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that destroy β-cells during T1D pathogenesis. Similarly, FhHDM-1 protected primary human islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis. Importantly, while FhHDM-1 promoted β-cell survival, it did not induce proliferation. Collectively, these data indicate that FhHDM-1 has significant therapeutic applications to promote β-cell survival, which is required for T1D and T2D prevention and islet transplantation. KEY MESSAGES: FhHDM-1 preserves β-cell mass in NOD mice and prevents the development of T1D. FhHDM-1 enhances phosphorylation of Akt in mouse β-cell lines. FhHDM-1 increases levels of NADH/NADPH in mouse β-cell lines in vitro. FhHDM-1 prevents cytokine-induced cell death of mouse β-cell lines and primary human β-cells in vitro via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inah Camaya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Tsz Y Mok
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Maria Lund
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Joyce To
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Randwick, Australia
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jerran Santos
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Bronwyn O'Brien
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mercier AE, Prudent R, Pepper MS, De Koning L, Nolte E, Peronne L, Nel M, Lafanechère L, Joubert AM. Characterization of Signalling Pathways That Link Apoptosis and Autophagy to Cell Death Induced by Estrone Analogues Which Reversibly Depolymerize Microtubules. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030706. [PMID: 33572896 PMCID: PMC7866274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for novel anti-cancer compounds which can circumvent chemotherapeutic drug resistance and limit systemic toxicity remains a priority. 2-Ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)15-tetraene-3-ol-17one (ESE-15-one) and 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) are sulphamoylated 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) analogues designed by our research team. Although their cytotoxicity has been demonstrated in vitro, the temporal and mechanistic responses of the initiated intracellular events are yet to be determined. In order to do so, assays investigating the compounds' effects on microtubules, cell cycle progression, signalling cascades, autophagy and apoptosis were conducted using HeLa cervical- and MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells. Both compounds reversibly disrupted microtubule dynamics as an early event by binding to the microtubule colchicine site, which blocked progression through the cell cycle at the G1/S- and G2/M transitions. This was supported by increased pRB and p27Kip1 phosphorylation. Induction of apoptosis with time-dependent signalling involving the p-JNK, Erk1/2 and Akt/mTOR pathways and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was demonstrated. Inhibition of autophagy attenuated the apoptotic response. In conclusion, the 2-ME analogues induced a time-dependent cross-talk between cell cycle checkpoints, apoptotic signalling and autophagic processes, with an increased reactive oxygen species formation and perturbated microtubule functioning appearing to connect the processes. Subtle differences in the responses were observed between the two compounds and the different cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Mercier
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.N.); (M.N.); (L.L.); (A.M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)-12-319-2141
| | - Renaud Prudent
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Regulation and Pharmacology of the Cytoskeleton, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (R.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Leanne De Koning
- RPPA Platform, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France;
| | - Elsie Nolte
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.N.); (M.N.); (L.L.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Lauralie Peronne
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Regulation and Pharmacology of the Cytoskeleton, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (R.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Marcel Nel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.N.); (M.N.); (L.L.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.N.); (M.N.); (L.L.); (A.M.J.)
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team Regulation and Pharmacology of the Cytoskeleton, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France; (R.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Anna M. Joubert
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (E.N.); (M.N.); (L.L.); (A.M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Samidurai A, Ockaili R, Cain C, Roh SK, Filippone SM, Kraskauskas D, Kukreja RC, Das A. Differential Regulation of mTOR Complexes with miR-302a Attenuates Myocardial Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes. iScience 2020; 23:101863. [PMID: 33319180 PMCID: PMC7725936 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) in diabetes increases the vulnerability of the heart to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We show here that infusion of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) at reperfusion following ischemia reduced myocardial infarct size and apoptosis with restoration of cardiac function in type 1 diabetic rabbits. Likewise, treatment with rapamycin protected hyperglycemic human-pluripotent-stem-cells-derived cardiomyocytes (HG-hiPSC-CMs) following simulated ischemia (SI) and reoxygenation (RO). Phosphorylation of S6 (mTORC1 marker) was increased, whereas AKT phosphorylation (mTORC2 marker) and microRNA-302a were reduced with concomitant increase of its target, PTEN, following I/R injury in diabetic heart and HG-hiPSC-CMs. Rapamycin inhibited mTORC1 and PTEN, but augmented mTORC2 with restoration of miRNA-302a under diabetic conditions. Inhibition of miRNA-302a blocked mTORC2 and abolished rapamycin-induced protection against SI/RO injury in HG-hiPSC-CMs. We conclude that rapamycin attenuates reperfusion injury in diabetic heart through inhibition of PTEN and mTORC1 with restoration of miR-302a-mTORC2 signaling. miR-302a and AKT phosphorylation are suppressed in post-ischemic diabetic heart Negative regulator of insulin signaling, PTEN, is induced after ischemia reperfusion miRNA-302a-mimic abolishes ischemic injury in hyperglycemic human iPS cardiocytes Rapamycin treatment restores miR-302a-mTORC2 cardioprotective signaling in diabetes
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Samidurai
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Ramzi Ockaili
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Chad Cain
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Sean K Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Scott M Filippone
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sawant OB, Meng C, Wu G, Washburn SE. Prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal glutamine supplementation alter the mTOR signaling pathway in ovine fetal cerebellum and skeletal muscle. Alcohol 2020; 89:93-102. [PMID: 32777475 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure causes fetal neurodevelopmental damage and growth restriction. Among regions of the brain, the cerebellum is the most vulnerable to developmental alcohol exposure. Despite vast research in the field, there is still a need to identify specific mechanisms by which alcohol causes this damage in order to design effective therapeutic interventions. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is known to be associated with axonal regeneration, dendritic arborization, synaptic plasticity, cellular growth, autophagy, and many other cellular processes. Glutamine and glutamine-related amino acids play a key role in fetal development and are known to alter the mTOR pathway; recent research has shown that disturbances in their bioavailability and signaling pathways may mediate adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. This study investigated the role of the mTOR signaling pathway in the fetal cerebellum and skeletal muscle after third trimester-equivalent prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal l-glutamine (GLN) supplementation using a sheep model. Fetal cerebella and skeletal muscles were sampled for Western blot analysis of mTOR and its downstream targets S6 kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-bindin protein (4E-BP1). The expression of cerebellar phosphorylated mTOR relative to the total mTOR was elevated in the alcohol+GLN group compared to the saline and GLN groups. Alcohol exposure increased the ratio of phosphorylated S6K to total S6K in fetal cerebellum, and no significant effect of GLN supplementation was observed. On contrary, maternal GLN supplementation reduced the activation of mTOR and S6K in fetal skeletal muscle, possibly to make GLN and other amino acids available for use by other organs. These findings suggest prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal GLN supplementation during the third trimester-equivalent alter the mTOR signaling cascade, which plays a possible key role in alcohol-induced developmental damage.
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang H, Chen AY, Ye X, Guan R, Rankin GO, Chen YC. Galangin, a Flavonoid from Lesser Galangal, Induced Apoptosis via p53-Dependent Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071579. [PMID: 32235536 PMCID: PMC7180956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among women worldwide, ovarian cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers. Patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy might get adverse side effects and develop resistance to drugs. In recent years, natural compounds have aroused growing attention in cancer treatment. Galangin inhibited the growth of two cell lines, A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3, more strongly than the growth of a normal ovarian cell line, IOSE 364. The IC50 values of galangin on proliferation of A2780/CP70, OVCAR-3 and IOSE 364 cells were 42.3, 34.5, and 131.3 μM, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that galangin preferentially induced apoptosis in both ovarian cancer cells with respect to normal ovarian cells. Galangin treatment increased the level of cleaved caspase-3 and -7 via the p53-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway by up-regulating Bax protein and via the p53-dependent extrinsic apoptotic pathway by up-regulating DR5 protein. By down-regulating the level of p53 with 20 μM pifithrin-α (PFT-α), the apoptotic rates of OVCAR-3 cells induced by galangin treatment (40 μM) were significantly decreased from 18.2% to 10.2%, indicating that p53 is a key regulatory protein in galangin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Although galangin up-regulated the expression of p21, it had little effect on the cell cycle of the two ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated p70S6K were decreased through galangin treatment, suggesting that the Akt/p70S6K pathways might be involved in the apoptosis. Our results suggested that galangin is selective against cancer cells and can be used for the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancers in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Allen Y. Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Informatics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA;
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Rongfa Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Gary O. Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA;
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-457-6277; Fax: +1-304-457-6239
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sirolimus and mTOR Inhibitors: A Review of Side Effects and Specific Management in Solid Organ Transplantation. Drug Saf 2020; 42:813-825. [PMID: 30868436 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-019-00810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitors) are used as antiproliferative immunosuppressive drugs and have many clinical applications in various drug combinations. Experience in transplantation studies has been gained regarding the side effect profile of these drugs and the potential benefits and limitations compared with other immunosuppressive agents. This article reviews the adverse effects of mTOR inhibitors in solid organ transplantation, with special attention given to mechanisms hypothesized to cause adverse events and their management strategies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang N, Ma S. Research Progress of 70 kDa Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase (P70S6K) Inhibitors as Effective Therapeutic Tools for Obesity, Type II Diabetes and Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4699-4719. [PMID: 31942845 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200114113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, diseases such as obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes and cancer have brought serious health problems, which are closely related to mTOR pathway. 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), as a significant downstream effector of mTOR, mediates protein synthesis, RNA processing, glucose homeostasis, cell growth and apoptosis. Inhibiting the function of p70S6K can reduce the risk of obesity which helps to treat dyslipidemia, enhance insulin sensitivity, and extend the life span of mammals. Therefore, p70S6K has become a potential target for the treatment of these diseases. So far, except for the first p70S6K specific inhibitor PF-4708671 developed by Pfizer and LY2584702 developed by Lilai, all of them are in preclinical research. This paper briefly introduces the general situation of p70S6K and reviews their inhibitors in recent years, which are mainly classified into two categories: natural compounds and synthetic compounds. In particular, their inhibitory activities, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and mechanisms are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
von Achenbach C, Weller M, Kaulich K, Gramatzki D, Zacher A, Fabbro D, Reifenberger G, Szabó E. Synergistic growth inhibition mediated by dual PI3K/mTOR pathway targeting and genetic or direct pharmacological AKT inhibition in human glioblastoma models. J Neurochem 2020; 153:510-524. [PMID: 31618458 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular genetic aberrations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are common in human cancers including glioblastoma, yet, novel therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway in glioblastoma have not been successful. We hypothesized that molecular profiling in combination with in vitro drug sensitivity testing allows to identify signatures associated with sensitivity or resistance to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibition. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms determining sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR inhibition using gene silencing or pharmacological target inhibition and proliferation, clonogenicity, or spherogenicity as readouts, in human long-term glioma cell (LTC) lines and glioma-initiating cells (GIC). Cultured glioma cells were universally sensitive to growth inhibition induced by PQR309, a novel, dual pan-PI3K/mTOR antagonist. Cells exhibited profound growth arrest, but little apoptotic or necrotic cell death as confirmed by electron microscopy; yet, there was evidence of senescence. Cell lines with high basal levels of phosphorylated (active) AKT, low levels of phosphorylated (inactive) protein translation repressor eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein 1 (p4E-BP1), and high levels of Ser9-phosphorylated (inactive) glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK3β) were more sensitive to PQR309. Accordingly, the activity of PQR309 was synergistically enhanced by AKT gene silencing or direct pharmacological AKT inhibition. In vivo studies confirmed the anti-glioma activity of PQR309 alone or in combination with AKT inhibition in the orthotopic LN-229 glioma xenograft model in nude mice. These data justify to explore combined targeted therapy approaches in glioblastoma that aim at down-regulating AKT function to enhance the therapeutic potential of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline von Achenbach
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Kaulich
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dorothee Gramatzki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Zacher
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Guido Reifenberger
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emese Szabó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang J, Wan D, Wan G, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhu H. Catalpol induces cell activity to promote axonal regeneration via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in vivo and in vitro stroke model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:756. [PMID: 32042772 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate the role and mechanism of catalpol on neuronal cell activity to promote axonal regeneration via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway after stroke. Methods In vivo the effect of catalpol (2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg; i.p) or vehicle administered 24 h after stroke and then daily for 7 days on behavior, Map-2+/p-S6+ and Map-2+/GAP-43+ immunofluorescence were assessed in a rat model of stroke. Then in vitro, an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD/R) model was established to observe the effect of catalpol (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg·mL-1) on cultural neurons survive rate, neuronal cell activity and axon growth. Moreover, rapamycin (Rapa) was used to inhibit the mTOR pathway to observe the catalpol mechanism on neuronal cell activity to promote axonal growth, and the proteins related with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were detected by Western blot assay. Results Repeated treatments with catalpol improved neurological score and significantly enhanced neuronal cell activity, then promote axonal regeneration after stroke. While in vitro, catalpol also increased the survive rate and axonal growth of the neurons. Catalpol can reversed the Rapa inhibited effects on neurons' survive and axon extending. Catalpol can also reversed proteins reduced by Rapa related with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusions These results suggested that catalpol might contribute to internal neuronal cell activity and axonal regeneration by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guoran Wan
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianghong Wang
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Transcriptome analysis revealed the mechanism of the metabolic toxicity and susceptibility of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on adolescent male ICR mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3183-3206. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
19
|
Cao Z, Liao Q, Su M, Huang K, Jin J, Cao D. AKT and ERK dual inhibitors: The way forward? Cancer Lett 2019; 459:30-40. [PMID: 31128213 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway regulates cell growth, proliferation, survival, mobility and invasion. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is also an important mitogenic signaling pathway involved in various cellular progresses. AKT, also named protein kinase B (PKB), is a primary mediator of the PI3K signaling pathway; and ERK at the end of MAPK signaling is the unique substrate and downstream effector of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK). The AKT and ERK signaling are both aberrantly activated in a wide range of human cancers and have long been targeted for cancer therapy, but the clinical benefits of these targeted therapies have been limited due to complex cross-talk. Novel strategies, such as AKT/ERK dual inhibitors, may be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University. 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yan Y, An J, Yang Y, Wu D, Bai Y, Cao W, Ma L, Chen J, Yu Z, He Y, Jin X, Pan Y, Ma T, Wang S, Hou X, Weroha SJ, Karnes RJ, Zhang J, Westendorf JJ, Wang L, Chen Y, Xu W, Zhu R, Wang D, Huang H. Dual inhibition of AKT-mTOR and AR signaling by targeting HDAC3 in PTEN- or SPOP-mutated prostate cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2019. [PMID: 29523594 PMCID: PMC5887910 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT‐mTOR and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways are aberrantly activated in prostate cancer due to frequent PTEN deletions or SPOP mutations. A clinical barrier is that targeting one of them often activates the other. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC3 augments AKT phosphorylation in prostate cancer cells and its overexpression correlates with AKT phosphorylation in patient samples. HDAC3 facilitates lysine‐63‐chain polyubiquitination and phosphorylation of AKT, and this effect is mediated by AKT deacetylation at lysine 14 and 20 residues and HDAC3 interaction with the scaffold protein APPL1. Conditional homozygous deletion of Hdac3 suppresses prostate tumorigenesis and progression by concomitant blockade of AKT and AR signaling in the Pten knockout mouse model. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC3 using a selective HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 inhibits growth of both PTEN‐deficient and SPOP‐mutated prostate cancer cells in culture, patient‐derived organoids and xenografts in mice. Our study identifies HDAC3 as a common upstream activator of AKT and AR signaling and reveals that dual inhibition of AKT and AR pathways is achievable by single‐agent targeting of HDAC3 in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jian An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yinhui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - William Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Cell Therapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yundong He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - R Jeffrey Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Center for Cell Therapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dejie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA .,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Phosphorylation of TSC2 by PKC-δ reveals a novel signaling pathway that couples protein synthesis to mTORC1 activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 456:123-134. [PMID: 30684133 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Downstream of insulin-like growth factor receptor, the TSC1/2/ TCB1D7 (tuberous sclerosis complex) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathways are implicated in many human diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Targeting this pathway is currently an important approach for palliating or eradicating cancer. Downstream of mTOR, translational machinery targeting holds great promise for anticancer drug development. Therefore, we investigated whether the protein synthesis machinery that is regulated by mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) signaling can in turn regulate mTORC1 activity. We found that inhibition of protein synthesis results in rapid activation of mTORC1 signaling, thereby uncovering a feedback loop between mTOR and the translation machinery. This mTORC1 activation requires tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) but is independent of AKT. In addition, by using a PKC-δ (protein kinase c delta)-specific inhibitor and PKC-δ siRNA knockdown, we found that PKC-δ kinase activity is required for mTORC1 activation in response to translation inhibitors. Furthermore, translation inhibition activates PKC-δ. Subsequently, we investigated whether PKC-δ can phosphorylate and inactivate TSC1/2, leading to mTORC1 activation. In vitro kinase assays showed direct phosphorylation of TSC2 (S932 and S939) by PKC-δ, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. In vivo kinase analysis further indicated that both S932 and S939 are phosphorylated in response to translation inhibitors. Finally, phosphorylation defective TSC2 mutants (S932A and S939A single mutants and a S932A/S939A double mutant) failed to upregulate mTORC1 activity in the presence of translation inhibitors, suggesting that activation of mTORC1 by translation inhibitors is mediated by PKC-δ phosphorylation of TSC2 at S932/S939, which inactivates TSC.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gene network analysis of senescence-associated genes in annual plants and comparative assessment of aging in perennials and animals. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
23
|
Aldaregia J, Odriozola A, Matheu A, Garcia I. Targeting mTOR as a Therapeutic Approach in Medulloblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071838. [PMID: 29932116 PMCID: PMC6073374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master signaling pathway that regulates organismal growth and homeostasis, because of its implication in protein and lipid synthesis, and in the control of the cell cycle and the cellular metabolism. Moreover, it is necessary in cerebellar development and stem cell pluripotency maintenance. Its deregulation has been implicated in the medulloblastoma and in medulloblastoma stem cells (MBSCs). Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant solid tumor in childhood. The current therapies have improved the overall survival but they carry serious side effects, such as permanent neurological sequelae and disability. Recent studies have given rise to a new molecular classification of the subgroups of medulloblastoma, specifying 12 different subtypes containing novel potential therapeutic targets. In this review we propose the targeting of mTOR, in combination with current therapies, as a promising novel therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juncal Aldaregia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ainitze Odriozola
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
- CIBER de fragilidad y envejecimiento saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Idoia Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
- CIBER de fragilidad y envejecimiento saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Takahashi K, Nagai T, Chiba S, Nakayama K, Mizuno K. Glucose deprivation induces primary cilium formation through mTORC1 inactivation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.208769. [PMID: 29180513 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like sensory organelles extending from the surface of many cell types that play critical roles in tissue development and homeostasis. Here, we examined the effect of nutrient status on primary cilium formation. Glucose deprivation significantly increased the number of ciliated cells under both serum-fed and -starved conditions. Glucose deprivation-induced ciliogenesis was suppressed by overexpression of Rheb, an activator of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1). Inactivating mTORC1 by rapamycin treatment or Raptor knockdown significantly promoted ciliogenesis. These results indicate that glucose deprivation promotes primary cilium formation through mTORC1 inactivation. Rapamycin treatment did not promote autophagy or degradation of OFD1, a negative regulator of ciliogenesis. In contrast, rapamycin treatment increased the level of the p27KIP1 (also known as CDKN1B) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and rapamycin-induced ciliogenesis was abrogated in p27KIP1-depleted cells. These results indicate that mTORC1 inactivation induces ciliogenesis through p27KIP1 upregulation, but not through autophagy. By contrast, glucose deprivation or rapamycin treatment shortened the cilium length. Thus, glucose deprivation and subsequent inactivation of mTORC1 play dual roles in ciliogenesis: triggering primary cilium formation and shortening cilium length.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Takahashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nagai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Holzberg M, Boergeling Y, Schräder T, Ludwig S, Ehrhardt C. Vemurafenib Limits Influenza A Virus Propagation by Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2426. [PMID: 29312159 PMCID: PMC5735105 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) can cause severe global pandemic outbreaks. The currently licensed antiviral drugs are not very effective and prone to viral resistance. Thus, novel effective and broadly active drugs are urgently needed. We have identified the cellular Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade as crucial for IAV replication and suitable target for an antiviral intervention. Since this signaling cascade is aberrantly activated in many human cancers, several clinically approved inhibitors of Raf and MEK are now available. Here we explored the anti-IAV action of the licensed B-RafV600E inhibitor Vemurafenib. Treatment of B-RafWT cells with Vemurafenib induced a hyperactivation of the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade rather than inhibiting its activation upon IAV infection. Despite this hyperactivation, which has also been confirmed by others, Vemurafenib still strongly limited IAV-induced activation of other signaling cascades especially of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Most interestingly, Vemurafenib inhibited virus-induced apoptosis via impaired expression of apoptosis-inducing cytokines and led to hampered viral protein expression most likely due to the decreased activation of p38 and JNK MAPK. These multiple actions resulted in a profound and broadly active inhibition of viral replication, up to a titer reduction of three orders of a magnitude. Thus, while Vemurafenib did not act similar to MEK inhibitors, it displays strong antiviral properties via a distinct and multi-target mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Holzberg
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cells in Motion, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tobias Schräder
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cells in Motion, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cells in Motion, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
A Review of Anti-Angiogenic Targets for Monoclonal Antibody Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081786. [PMID: 28817103 PMCID: PMC5578174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a key event that governs tumor progression and metastasis. It is controlled by the complicated and coordinated actions of pro-angiogenic factors and their receptors that become upregulated during tumorigenesis. Over the past several decades, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been identified as a central axis in tumor angiogenesis. The remarkable advent of recombinant antibody technology has led to the development of bevacizumab, a humanized antibody that targets VEGF and is a leading clinical therapy to suppress tumor angiogenesis. However, despite the clinical efficacy of bevacizumab, its significant side effects and drug resistance have raised concerns necessitating the identification of novel drug targets and development of novel therapeutics to combat tumor angiogenesis. This review will highlight the role and relevance of VEGF and other potential therapeutic targets and their receptors in angiogenesis. Simultaneously, we will also cover the current status of monoclonal antibodies being developed to target these candidates for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
29
|
Aghanoori MR, Smith DR, Roy Chowdhury S, Sabbir MG, Calcutt NA, Fernyhough P. Insulin prevents aberrant mitochondrial phenotype in sensory neurons of type 1 diabetic rats. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:148-157. [PMID: 28803751 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy affects approximately 50% of diabetic patients. Down-regulation of mitochondrial gene expression and function has been reported in both human tissues and in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that loss of direct insulin signaling in diabetes contributes to loss of mitochondrial function in DRG neurons and to development of neuropathy. Sensory neurons obtained from age-matched adult control or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats were cultured with or without insulin before determining mitochondrial respiration and expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain and insulin signaling-linked proteins. For in vivo studies age-matched control rats and diabetic rats with or without trace insulin supplementation were maintained for 5months before DRG were analyzed for respiratory chain gene expression and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Insulin (10nM) significantly (P<0.05) increased phosphorylation of Akt and P70S6K by 4-fold and neurite outgrowth by 2-fold in DRG cultures derived from adult control rats. Insulin also augmented the levels of selective mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins and mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters in DRG cultures from control and diabetic rats, with spare respiratory capacity increased by up to 3-fold (P<0.05). Insulin-treated diabetic animals exhibited improved thermal sensitivity in the hind paw and had increased dermal nerve density compared to untreated diabetic rats, despite no effect on blood glucose levels. In DRG of diabetic rats there was suppressed expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins and cytochrome c oxidase activity that was corrected by insulin therapy. Insulin elevates mitochondrial respiratory chain protein expression and function in sensory neurons and this is associated with enhanced neurite outgrowth and protection against indices of neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darrell R Smith
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Subir Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mohammad Golam Sabbir
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nigel A Calcutt
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Obaid NM, Bedard K, Huang WY. Strategies for Overcoming Resistance in Tumours Harboring BRAF Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030585. [PMID: 28282860 PMCID: PMC5372601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance to previously effective treatments has been a challenge for health care providers and a fear for patients undergoing cancer therapy. This is an unfortunately frequent occurrence for patients undergoing targeted therapy for tumours harboring the activating V600E mutation of the BRAF gene. Since the initial identification of the BRAF mutation in 2002, a series of small molecular inhibitors that target the BRAFV600E have been developed, but intrinsic and acquired resistance to these drugs has presented an ongoing challenge. More recently, improvements in therapy have been achieved by combining the use of BRAF inhibitors with other drugs, such as inhibitors of the downstream effector mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK). Despite improved success in response rates and in delaying resistance using combination therapy, ultimately, the acquisition of resistance remains a concern. Recent research articles have shed light on some of the underlying mechanisms of this resistance and have proposed numerous strategies that might be employed to overcome or avoid resistance to targeted therapies. This review will explore some of the resistance mechanisms, compare what is known in melanoma cancer to colorectal cancer, and discuss strategies under development to manage the development of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Bedard
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Weei-Yuarn Huang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS B3H 1V8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ding XF, Li LF, Zhou XL, Guo LN, Dou MM, Chi YY, Wu SX, Zhang YN, Shan ZZ, Zhang YJ, Wang F, Fan QX, Zhao J, Sun TW. P-mTOR Expression and Implication in Breast Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170302. [PMID: 28114374 PMCID: PMC5256929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) is a promising prognostic marker in many types of cancer. However, its survival benefit in patients with breast carcinoma remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between p-mTOR expression and prognosis in breast carcinoma based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods Electronic databases (including Pubmed, Embase, ISI web of science, and Cochrane Library) were searched up to November 24, 2015. The outcome measures were hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients and p-mTOR expression. Primary end points were disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 12.0. Results Nine cohort studies including 3051 patients met full eligibility criteria. The pooled HRs (95% CI) for OS, DFS, and RFS were 0.84 (0.27–2.63), 0.71 (0.40–1.23), and 0.48 (0.20–1.18), respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggested that p-mTOR overexpression was not significantly related to prognosis in breast carcinoma regarding OS and disease recurrence. Prospective studies are warranted to examine the association between p-mTOR expression and survival outcomes in breast carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Fei Ding
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Feng Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Liang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Meng Dou
- Department of Integrated Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Xuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Na Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Shan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Jie Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qing-Xia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tong-Wen Sun
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Awan FM, Obaid A, Ikram A, Janjua HA. Mutation-Structure-Function Relationship Based Integrated Strategy Reveals the Potential Impact of Deleterious Missense Mutations in Autophagy Related Proteins on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Comprehensive Informatics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010139. [PMID: 28085066 PMCID: PMC5297772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionary conserved multifaceted lysosome-mediated bulk degradation system, plays a vital role in liver pathologies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Post-translational modifications (PTMs) and genetic variations in autophagy components have emerged as significant determinants of autophagy related proteins. Identification of a comprehensive spectrum of genetic variations and PTMs of autophagy related proteins and their impact at molecular level will greatly expand our understanding of autophagy based regulation. In this study, we attempted to identify high risk missense mutations that are highly damaging to the structure as well as function of autophagy related proteins including LC3A, LC3B, BECN1 and SCD1. Number of putative structural and functional residues, including several sites that undergo PTMs were also identified. In total, 16 high-risk SNPs in LC3A, 18 in LC3B, 40 in BECN1 and 43 in SCD1 were prioritized. Out of these, 2 in LC3A (K49A, K51A), 1 in LC3B (S92C), 6 in BECN1 (S113R, R292C, R292H, Y338C, S346Y, Y352H) and 6 in SCD1 (Y41C, Y55D, R131W, R135Q, R135W, Y151C) coincide with potential PTM sites. Our integrated analysis found LC3B Y113C, BECN1 I403T, SCD1 R126S and SCD1 Y218C as highly deleterious HCC-associated mutations. This study is the first extensive in silico mutational analysis of the LC3A, LC3B, BECN1 and SCD1 proteins. We hope that the observed results will be a valuable resource for in-depth mechanistic insight into future investigations of pathological missense SNPs using an integrated computational platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Obaid
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Aqsa Ikram
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Hussnain Ahmed Janjua
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Janssens J, Lu D, Ni B, Chadwick W, Siddiqui S, Azmi A, Etienne H, Jushaj A, van Gastel J, Martin B, Maudsley S. Development of Precision Small-Molecule Proneurotrophic Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:263-311. [PMID: 28215298 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, will represent one of the largest future burdens on worldwide healthcare systems due to the increasing proportion of elderly in our society. As deficiencies in neurotrophins are implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related neurodegenerative disorders, it is reasonable to consider that global neurotrophin resistance may also become a major healthcare threat. Central nervous system networks are effectively maintained through aging by neuroprotective and neuroplasticity signaling mechanisms which are predominantly controlled by neurotrophin receptor signaling. Neurotrophin receptors are single pass receptor tyrosine kinases that form dimeric structures upon ligand binding to initiate cellular signaling events that control many protective and plasticity-related pathways. Declining functionality of the neurotrophin ligand-receptor system is considered one of the hallmarks of neuropathological aging. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective therapeutic strategies to contend with this significant issue. While the therapeutic applications of cognate ligands for neurotrophin receptors are limited, the development of nonpeptidergic, small-molecule ligands can overcome these limitations, and productively regulate this important receptor system with beneficial effects. Using our advanced knowledge of the high-dimensionality complexity of receptor systems, the future generation of precision medicines targeting these systems will be an attainable goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - D Lu
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - B Ni
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - W Chadwick
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - S Siddiqui
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - A Azmi
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - H Etienne
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - A Jushaj
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - J van Gastel
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - B Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - S Maudsley
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim BR, Van de Laar E, Cabanero M, Tarumi S, Hasenoeder S, Wang D, Virtanen C, Suzuki T, Bandarchi B, Sakashita S, Pham NA, Lee S, Keshavjee S, Waddell TK, Tsao MS, Moghal N. SOX2 and PI3K Cooperate to Induce and Stabilize a Squamous-Committed Stem Cell Injury State during Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Pathogenesis. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002581. [PMID: 27880766 PMCID: PMC5120804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancers are considered stem cell diseases, mechanisms involving stem cell alterations are poorly understood. Squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) is the second most common lung cancer, and its pathogenesis appears to hinge on changes in the stem cell behavior of basal cells in the bronchial airways. Basal cells are normally quiescent and differentiate into mucociliary epithelia. Smoking triggers a hyperproliferative response resulting in progressive premalignant epithelial changes ranging from squamous metaplasia to dysplasia. These changes can regress naturally, even with chronic smoking. However, for unknown reasons, dysplasias have higher progression rates than earlier stages. We used primary human tracheobronchial basal cells to investigate how copy number gains in SOX2 and PIK3CA at 3q26-28, which co-occur in dysplasia and are observed in 94% of SQCCs, may promote progression. We find that SOX2 cooperates with PI3K signaling, which is activated by smoking, to initiate the squamous injury response in basal cells. This response involves SOX9 repression, and, accordingly, SOX2 and PI3K signaling levels are high during dysplasia, while SOX9 is not expressed. By contrast, during regeneration of mucociliary epithelia, PI3K signaling is low and basal cells transiently enter a SOX2LoSOX9Hi state, with SOX9 promoting proliferation and preventing squamous differentiation. Transient reduction in SOX2 is necessary for ciliogenesis, although SOX2 expression later rises and drives mucinous differentiation, as SOX9 levels decline. Frequent coamplification of SOX2 and PIK3CA in dysplasia may, thus, promote progression by locking basal cells in a SOX2HiSOX9Lo state with active PI3K signaling, which sustains the squamous injury response while precluding normal mucociliary differentiation. Surprisingly, we find that, although later in invasive carcinoma SOX9 is generally expressed at low levels, its expression is higher in a subset of SQCCs with less squamous identity and worse clinical outcome. We propose that early pathogenesis of most SQCCs involves stabilization of the squamous injury state in stem cells through copy number gains at 3q, with the pro-proliferative activity of SOX9 possibly being exploited in a subset of SQCCs in later stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Van de Laar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Cabanero
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shintaro Tarumi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Hasenoeder
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl Virtanen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takaya Suzuki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bizhan Bandarchi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nhu An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Lee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas K. Waddell
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Park J, Tran Q, Mun K, Masuda K, Kwon SH, Kim SH, Kim DH, Thomas G, Park J. Involvement of S6K1 in mitochondria function and structure in HeLa cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1904-1915. [PMID: 27634387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The major biological function of mitochondria is to generate cellular energy through oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from cellular respiration, mitochondria also play a key role in signaling processes, including aging and cancer metabolism. It has been shown that S6K1-knockout mice are resistant to obesity due to enhanced beta-oxidation, with an increased number of large mitochondria. Therefore, in this report, the possible involvement of S6K1 in regulating mitochondria dynamics and function has been investigated in stable lenti-shS6K1-HeLa cells. Interestingly, S6K1-stably depleted HeLa cells showed phenotypical changes in mitochondria morphology. This observation was further confirmed by detailed image analysis of mitochondria shape. Corresponding molecular changes were also observed in these cells, such as the induction of mitochondrial fission proteins (Drp1 and Fis1). Oxygen consumption is elevated in S6K1-depeleted HeLa cells and FL5.12 cells. In addition, S6K1 depletion leads to enhancement of ATP production in cytoplasm and mitochondria. However, the relative ratio of mitochondrial ATP to cytoplasmic ATP is actually decreased in lenti-shS6K1-HeLa cells compared to control cells. Lastly, induction of mitophagy was found in lenti-shS6K1-HeLa cells with corresponding changes of mitochondria shape on electron microscope analysis. Taken together, our results indicate that S6K1 is involved in the regulation of mitochondria morphology and function in HeLa cells. This study will provide novel insights into S6K1 function in mitochondria-mediated cellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea; Metabolic Disease Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45437, USA
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Kisun Mun
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Kouhei Masuda
- Metabolic Disease Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45437, USA
| | - So Hee Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - George Thomas
- Metabolic Disease Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45437, USA
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea; Metabolic Disease Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45437, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Eicosapentaenoic acid induced SKOV-3 cell apoptosis through ERK1/2–mTOR–NF-κB pathways. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:635-42. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
37
|
Schedule-dependent interaction between temsirolimus and cetuximab in head and neck cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:533-9. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
38
|
Kaneko K, Ohkawa Y, Hashimoto N, Ohmi Y, Kotani N, Honke K, Ogawa M, Okajima T, Furukawa K, Furukawa K. Neogenin, Defined as a GD3-associated Molecule by Enzyme-mediated Activation of Radical Sources, Confers Malignant Properties via Intracytoplasmic Domain in Melanoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16630-43. [PMID: 27288875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate mechanisms for increased malignant properties in malignant melanomas by ganglioside GD3, enzyme-mediated activation of radical sources and subsequent mass spectrometry were performed using an anti-GD3 antibody and GD3-positive (GD3+) and GD3-negative (GD3-) melanoma cell lines. Neogenin, defined as a GD3-neighbored molecule, was largely localized in lipid/rafts in GD3+ cells. Silencing of neogenin resulted in the reduction of cell growth and invasion activity. Physical association between GD3 and neogenin was demonstrated by immunoblotting of the immunoprecipitates with anti-neogenin antibody from GD3+ cell lysates. The intracytoplasmic domain of neogenin (Ne-ICD) was detected in GD3+ cells at higher levels than in GD3- cells when cells were treated by a proteasome inhibitor but not when simultaneously treated with a γ-secretase inhibitor. Exogenous GD3 also induced increased Ne-ICD in GD3- cells. Overexpression of Ne-ICD in GD3- cells resulted in the increased cell growth and invasion activity, suggesting that Ne-ICD plays a role as a transcriptional factor to drive malignant properties of melanomas after cleavage with γ-secretase. γ-Secretase was found in lipid/rafts in GD3+ cells. Accordingly, immunocyto-staining revealed that GD3, neogenin, and γ-secretase were co-localized at the leading edge of GD3+ cells. All these results suggested that GD3 recruits γ-secretase to lipid/rafts, allowing efficient cleavage of neogenin. ChIP-sequencing was performed to identify candidates of target genes of Ne-ICD. Some of them actually showed increased expression after expression of Ne-ICD, probably exerting malignant phenotypes of melanomas under GD3 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kaneko
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Life Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasuigai, Aichi 487-8501
| | - Noboru Hashimoto
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Yuhsuke Ohmi
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Norihiro Kotani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, and
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ogawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Life Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasuigai, Aichi 487-8501
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065, Department of Life Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasuigai, Aichi 487-8501,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang F, Chen H, Zhao LN, Liu H, Przytycka TM, Zheng J. Generalized logical model based on network topology to capture the dynamical trends of cellular signaling pathways. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10 Suppl 1:7. [PMID: 26818802 PMCID: PMC4895646 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Cellular responses to extracellular perturbations require signaling pathways to capture and transmit the signals. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of signal transduction are not yet fully understood, thus detailed and comprehensive models may not be available for all the signaling pathways. In particular, insufficient knowledge of parameters, which is a long-standing hindrance for quantitative kinetic modeling necessitates the use of parameter-free methods for modeling and simulation to capture dynamic properties of signaling pathways. Results We present a computational model that is able to simulate the graded responses to degradations, the sigmoidal biological relationships between signaling molecules and the effects of scheduled perturbations to the cells. The simulation results are validated using experimental data of protein phosphorylation, demonstrating that the proposed model is capable of capturing the main trend of protein activities during the process of signal transduction. Compared with existing simulators, our model has better performance on predicting the state transitions of signaling networks. Conclusion The proposed simulation tool provides a valuable resource for modeling cellular signaling pathways using a knowledge-based method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Lab, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Haoting Chen
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Lab, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore. .,Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138671, Singapore.
| | - Hui Liu
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Lab, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore. .,Lab of Information Management, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| | - Teresa M Przytycka
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Lab, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore. .,Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637723, Singapore. .,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sati L, Soygur B, Celik-Ozenci C. Expression of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Downstream Targets in Normal and Gestational Diabetic Human Term Placenta. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:324-32. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719115602765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Sati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bikem Soygur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ciler Celik-Ozenci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Simultaneous targeting of PI3Kδ and a PI3Kδ-dependent MEK1/2-Erk1/2 pathway for therapy in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10732-44. [PMID: 25313141 PMCID: PMC4279406 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy diagnosed in children, and blockade of the abnormally activated PI3Kδ displayed promising outcomes in B cell acute or chronic leukemias, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report a novel PI3Kδ selective inhibitor X-370, which displays distinct binding mode with p110δ and blocks constitutively active or stimulus-induced PI3Kδ signaling. X-370 significantly inhibited survival of human B cell leukemia cells in vitro, with associated induction of G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. X-370 abrogated both Akt and Erk1/2 signaling via blockade of PDK1 binding to and/or phosphorylation of MEK1/2. Forced expression of a constitutively active MEK1 attenuated the antiproliferative activity of X-370. X-370 preferentially inhibited the survival of primary pediatric B-ALL cells displaying PI3Kδ-dependent Erk1/2 phosphorylation, while combined inhibition of PI3Kδ and MEK1/2 displayed enhanced activity. We conclude that PI3Kδ inhibition led to abrogation of both Akt and Erk1/2 signaling via a novel PI3K-PDK1/MEK1/2-Erk1/2 signaling cascade, which contributed to its efficacy against B-ALL. These findings support the rationale for clinical testing of PI3Kδ inhibitors in pediatric B-ALL and provide insights needed to optimize the therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
42
|
Karthik GM, Ma R, Lövrot J, Kis LL, Lindh C, Blomquist L, Fredriksson I, Bergh J, Hartman J. mTOR inhibitors counteract tamoxifen-induced activation of breast cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2015. [PMID: 26208432 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells with stem cell characteristics (CSC) are a distinct cell population with phenotypic similarities to mammary stem cells. CSCs are important drivers of tumorigenesis and the metastatic process. Tamoxifen is the most widely used hormonal therapy for estrogen receptor (ER) positive cancers. In our study, tamoxifen was effective in reducing proliferation of ER + adherent cancer cells, but not their CSC population. We isolated, expanded and incubated CSC from seven breast cancers with or without tamoxifen. By genome-wide transcriptional analysis we identified tamoxifen-induced transcriptional pathways associated with ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation, both regulated by the mTOR-pathway. We observed induction of the key mTOR downstream targets S6K1, S6RP and 4E-BP1 in-patient derived CSCs by tamoxifen on protein level. Using the mTOR inhibitors rapamycin, everolimus and PF-04691502 (a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) and in combination with tamoxifen, significant reduction in mammosphere formation was observed. Hence, we suggest that the CSC population play a significant role during endocrine resistance through activity of the mTOR pathway. In addition, tamoxifen further stimulates the mTOR-pathway but can be antagonized using mTOR-inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ran Ma
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Lövrot
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorand Levente Kis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Lindh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Irma Fredriksson
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Radiumhemmet - Karolinska Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Huang H, Chen AY, Rojanasakul Y, Ye X, Rankin GO, Chen YC. Dietary compounds galangin and myricetin suppress ovarian cancer cell angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2015; 15:464-475. [PMID: 26113875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin and myricetin are flavonoids isolated from vegetables and fruits which exhibit anti-proliferative activity in human cancer cells. In this study, their anti-angiogenic effects were investigated with in vitro (HUVEC) and in vivo (CAM) models, which showed that galangin and myricetin inhibited angiogenesis induced by OVCAR-3 cells. The molecular mechanisms through which galangin and myricetin suppress angiogenesis were also studied. It was observed that galangin and myricetin inhibited secretion of the key angiogenesis mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and decreased levels of p-Akt, p-70S6K and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) proteins in A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells. Transient transfection experiments showed that galangin and myricetin inhibited secretion of VEGF by the Akt/p70S6K/ HIF-1α pathway. Moreover, a novel pathway, p21/HIF-1α/VEGF, was found to be involved in the inhibitory effect of myricetin on angiogenesis in OVCAR-3 cells. These data suggest that galangin and myricetin might serve as potential anti-angiogenic agents in the prevention of ovarian cancers dependent on new blood vessel networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhi Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, China ; College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Allen Y Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu H, Littlewood T, Bennett M. Akt isoforms in vascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 71:57-64. [PMID: 25929188 PMCID: PMC4728195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian serine/threonine Akt kinases comprise three closely related isoforms: Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3. Akt activation has been implicated in both normal and disease processes, including in development and metabolism, as well as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Although Akt signalling has been identified as a promising therapeutic target in cancer, its role in cardiovascular disease is less clear. Importantly, accumulating evidence suggests that the three Akt isoforms exhibit distinct tissue expression profiles, localise to different subcellular compartments, and have unique modes of activation. Consistent with in vitro findings, genetic studies in mice show distinct effects of individual Akt isoforms on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. This review summarises recent studies of individual Akt isoforms in atherosclerosis, vascular remodelling and aneurysm formation, to provide a comprehensive overview of Akt function in vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Trevor Littlewood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Martin Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Batkulwar KB, Bansode SB, Patil GV, Godbole RK, Kazi RS, Chinnathambi S, Shanmugam D, Kulkarni MJ. Investigation of phosphoproteome in RAGE signaling. Proteomics 2014; 15:245-59. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kedar B. Batkulwar
- Proteomics Facility; Division of Biochemical Sciences; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - Sneha B. Bansode
- Proteomics Facility; Division of Biochemical Sciences; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - Gouri V. Patil
- Proteomics Facility; Division of Biochemical Sciences; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - Rashmi K. Godbole
- Proteomics Facility; Division of Biochemical Sciences; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - Rubina S. Kazi
- Proteomics Facility; Division of Biochemical Sciences; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | | | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Proteomics Facility; Division of Biochemical Sciences; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| | - Mahesh J. Kulkarni
- Proteomics Facility; Division of Biochemical Sciences; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun H, Li G, Zhang W, Zhou Q, Yu Y, Shi Y, Offermanns S, Lu J, Zhou N. Niacin activates the PI3K/Akt cascade via PKC- and EGFR-transactivation-dependent pathways through hydroxyl-carboxylic acid receptor 2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112310. [PMID: 25375133 PMCID: PMC4223033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Niacin has been demonstrated to activate a PI3K/Akt signaling cascade to prevent brain damage after stroke and UV-induced skin damage; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms for HCA2-induced Akt activation remain to be elucidated. Using CHO-K1 cells stably expressing HCA2 and A431 cells, a human epidermoid cell line with high levels of endogenous expression of functional HCA2 receptors, we first demonstrated that niacin induced a robust Akt phosphorylation at both Thr308 and Ser473 in a time-dependent fashion, with a maximal activation at 5 min and a subsequent reduction to baseline by 30 min through HCA2, and that the activation was significantly blocked by pertussis toxin. The HCA2-mediated activation of Akt was also significantly inhibited by the PKC inhibitors GF109203x and Go6983 in both cell lines, by the PDGFR-selective inhibitor tyrphostin A9 in CHO-HCA2 cells and by the MMP inhibitor GM6001 and EGFR-specific inhibitor AG1478 in A431 cells. These results suggest that the PKC pathway and PDGFR/EGFR transactivation pathway play important roles in HCA2-mediated Akt activation. Further investigation indicated that PI3K and the Gβγ subunit were likely to play an essential role in HCA2-induced Akt activation. Moreover, Immunobloting analyses using an antibody that recognizes p70S6K1 phosphorylated at Thr389 showed that niacin evoked p70S6K1 activation via the PI3K/Akt pathway. The results of our study provide new insight into the signaling pathways involved in HCA2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawang Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yena Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jianxin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (NZ); (JL)
| | - Naiming Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (NZ); (JL)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Muscella A, Vetrugno C, Calabriso N, Cossa LG, De Pascali SA, Fanizzi FP, Marsigliante S. [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] alters SH-SY5Y cell migration and invasion by the inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 occurring through a PKC-ε/ERK/mTOR Pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112186. [PMID: 25372487 PMCID: PMC4221608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] ([Pt(acac)2(DMS)]) exerted substantial cytotoxic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and decreased metalloproteases (MMPs) production and cells migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The ubiquitously distributed sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1 (NHE1) is involved in motility and invasion of many solid tumours. The present study focuses on the effects of [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] in SH-SY5Y cell migration and also on the possibility that NHE1 may be involved in such effect. After sublethal [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] treatment cell migration was examined by wounding assay and cell invasion by transwell assay. NHE1 activity was measured in BCECF-loaded SH-SY5Y as the rate of Na+-dependent intracellular pH recovery in response to an acute acid pulse. Gelatin zymography for MMP-2/9 activities, Western blottings of MMPs, MAPKs, mTOR, S6 and PKCs and small interfering RNAs to PKC-ε/-δ mRNA were performed. Sublethal concentrations of [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] decreases NHE1 activity, inhibits cell migration and invasion and decreases expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9. [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] administered to SH-SY5Y cells provokes the increment of ROS, generated by NADPH oxidase, responsible for the PKC-ε and PKC-δ activation. Whilst PKC-δ activates p38/MAPK, responsible for the inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 secretion, PKC-ε activates a pathway made of ERK1/2, mTOR and S6K responsible for the inhibition of NHE1 activity and cell migration. In conclusion, we have shown a drastic impairment in tumour cell metastatization in response to inhibition of NHE1 and MMPs activities by [Pt(acac)2(DMS)] occurring through a novel mechanism mediated by PKC-δ/-ε activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Cell Pathology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Salento University, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carla Vetrugno
- Neuropathology Unit, Istituto di Neurologia sperimentale e Divisione di Neuroscienze, Istituto Scientifico IRCCS San Raffaele (sezione di Lecce), Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- Cell Physiology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Salento University, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Giulio Cossa
- Cell Physiology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Salento University, Lecce, Italy
| | - Sandra Angelica De Pascali
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Salento University, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Salento University, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Cell Physiology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Salento University, Lecce, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), a member of the AGC serine/threonine kinase family, was initially identified as a key player, together with its downstream effector S6, in the regulation of cellular growth and survival. The p70S6K protein has emerged in recent years as a multifunctional protein which also regulates the actin cytoskeleton and thus plays a role in cell migration. This new function is through two important activities of p70S6K, namely actin cross-linking and Rac1 and Cdc42 activation. The testis is critically dependent on an intricate balance of fundamental cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, and differentiation. It is increasingly evident that Rho GTPases and actin binding proteins play fundamental roles in regulating spermatogenesis within the testis. In this review, we will discuss current findings of p70S6K in the control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In addition, the potential role of p70S6K in spermatogenesis and testicular function will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carman K M Ip
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) signal relay pathway represents arguably one of the most intensely studied mechanisms by which extracellular signals elicit cellular responses through the generation of second messengers that are associated with cell growth and transformation. This chapter reviews the many landmark discoveries in the PI 3-K signaling pathway in biology and disease, from the identification of a novel phosphoinositide kinase activity associated with transforming oncogenes in the 1980s, to the identification of oncogenic mutations in the catalytic subunit of PI 3-K in the mid 2000s. Two and a half decades of intense research have provided clear evidence that the PI 3-K pathway controls virtually all aspects of normal cellular physiology, and that deregulation of one or more proteins that regulate or transduce the PI 3-K signal ultimately leads to human pathology. The most recent efforts have focused on the development of specific PI 3-K inhibitors that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for a range of disease states.This chapter is devoted to a historical review of the landmark findings in the PI 3-K from its relatively humble beginnings in the early to mid 1980s up until the present day. When considering the key findings in the history of PI 3-K, it is essential to recognize the landmark studies by Lowell and Mabel Hokin in the 1950s who were the first to describe that extracellular agonists such as acetylcholine could stimulate the incorporation of radiolabeled phosphate into phospholipids (Hokin and Hokin 1953). Their work initiated an entirely new field of lipid signaling, and subsequent studies in the 1970s by Michell and Lapetina who linked phosphoinositide turnover to membrane-associated receptors that initiate intracellular calcium mobilization (Lapetina and Michell 1973). Later studies revealed that the phospholipase-mediated breakdown of the same minor membrane phospholipids such as PtdIns-4,5-P(2) (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) is responsible for the release of two additional key second messengers, diacylglycerol (DG) and IP(3) (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate) (Kirk et al. 1981; Berridge 1983; Berridge et al. 1983). Berridge, Irvine and Schulz then revealed that one of the byproducts of this lipid signal relay pathway is the release of calcium from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum (Streb et al. 1983). Finally, pioneering studies by Nishizuka in the late 1970s identified PKC (protein kinase C) as a phospholipid and diacylglycerol-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (Inoue et al. 1977; Takai et al. 1977). At this point, it probably seemed to most at the time that the story was complete, such that hydrolysis of phosphoinositides such as PtdIns-4,5-P(2) and PtdIns-4-P would account for the major mechanisms of agonist-stimulated lipid signaling leading to physiological responses. On the contrary, the story was far from complete and was about to become a lot more complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, EC/CLS-633A, 02130, Boston, MA, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Deregulation of the mTOR pathway has been implicated in a number of human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, neurological diseases, and genetic disorders. Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, has been shown to be useful in the treatment of certain diseases. Here we discuss its mechanism of action and highlight recent findings regarding the effects and limitations of rapamycin monotherapy and the potential utility of combination therapy with rapamycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sang Gyun Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Blenis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|