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Lee SM, Park SY, Kim JY. Comparative evaluation of the antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts of sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida): In vitro and in vivo studies. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114623. [PMID: 38945577 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida (UP) contains multiple bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and amino acids, which are associated with various biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts obtained from UP. UP was extracted under three different conditions: a low-temperature water extract at 50 °C (UPLW), a high-temperature water extract at 90 °C (UPHW), and a 70 % ethanol extract (UPE). Nontargeted chemical profiling using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS) was conducted on the three UP extracts. Subsequently, α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity, glucose uptake, and the mRNA expression of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were evaluated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Furthermore, an oral carbohydrate tolerance test was performed on C57BL/6 mice. The mice were orally administered UP at 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.), and the blood glucose level and area under the curve (AUC) were measured. Compared with glucose, UPLW, UPHW and UPE significantly inhibited both glucose uptake and the mRNA expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in Caco-2 cell monolayers. After glucose, maltose, and sucrose loading, the blood glucose levels and AUC of the UPLW group were significantly lower than those of the control group. These findings suggest that UPLW has antihyperglycemic effects by regulating glucose uptake through glucose transporters and can be expected to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia. Therefore, UPLW may have potential as a functional food ingredient for alleviating postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang F, Ning J, Chen C, Li B, Wei Y. Advances in the mechanisms of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in improving diabetes and its complications. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106140. [PMID: 39053745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhi-zi), which belongs to the Rubiaceae family, has been used mainly with its fry fruit for thousands of years, and it is an herb with the homology of medicine and food. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, Zhi-zi can be used for "Quench Xiaoke", meaning for therapying diabetes in modern medicine. Based on numerous pharmacological studies, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhi-zi), and its ingredients, mainly including iridoid glycosides and carotenoids (crocins), possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and can promote insulin secretion and sensitization, stimulate GLP-1 pathway activity, and protect islet β cells and the macro- and microvascular systems. These properties are the primary reasons why Zhi-zi and its ingredients are effective in reducing glucose levels, treating diabetes, and preventing its complications. This review aims to summarize the current situation and the advances of the studies on the mechanisms of Zhi-zi in improving diabetes and its complications, and it is expected to provide useful and systematic references for future research and clinical application of Zhi-zi and its active ingredients in the therapy of diabetes and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junhao Ning
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Boxia Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Choi PG, Park SH, Jeong HY, Kim HS, Hahm JH, Seo HD, Ahn J, Jung CH. Geniposide attenuates muscle atrophy via the inhibition of FoxO1 in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155281. [PMID: 38103316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geniposide (GP) is an iridoid glycoside that is present in nearly 40 species, including Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. GP has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects in various Alzheimer's disease (AD) models; however, the effects of GP on AD models of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and aging-accelerated mouse predisposition-8 (SAMP8) mice have not yet been evaluated. PURPOSE To determine whether GP improves the pathology of AD and sarcopenia. METHODS AD models of C. elegans and SAMP8 mice were employed and subjected to behavioral analyses. Further, RT-PCR, histological analysis, and western blot analyses were performed to assess the expression of genes and proteins related to AD and muscle atrophy. RESULTS GP treatment in the AD model of C. elegans significantly restored the observed deterioration in lifespan and motility. In SAMP8 mice, GP did not improve cognitive function deterioration by accelerated aging but ameliorated physical function deterioration. Furthermore, in differentiated C2C12 cells, GP ameliorated muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone treatment and inhibited FoxO1 activity by activating AKT. CONCLUSION Although GP did not improve the AD pathology in SAMP8 mice, we suggest that GP has the potential to improve muscle deterioration caused by aging. This effect of GP may be attributed to the suppression of FoxO1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyeong Geun Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Yeon Jeong
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soo Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Gao J, Tao L, Jiang Z. Alleviate oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy: antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2272386. [PMID: 38041593 PMCID: PMC11001280 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2272386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review outlines the function of oxidative stress in DR and discusses therapeutic strategies to treat DR with antioxidants. METHODS Published papers on oxidative stress in DR and therapeutic strategies to treat DR with antioxidants were collected and reviewed via database searching on PubMed. RESULTS The abnormal development of DR is a complicated process. The pathogenesis of DR has been reported to involve oxidative stress, despite the fact that the mechanisms underlying this are still not fully understood. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation can damage retina, eventually leading to DR. Increasing evidence have demonstrated that antioxidant therapy can alleviate the degeneration of retinal capillaries in DR. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress can play an important contributor in the pathogenesis of DR. Furthermore, animal experiments have shown that antioxidants are a beneficial therapy for treating DR, but more clinical trial data is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengxuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Wen L, Fan C, Zhao X, Cao X. Rapid extraction of bioactive compounds from gardenia fruit using new and recyclable deep eutectic solvents. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300163. [PMID: 37496306 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of deep eutectic solvent as an alternative and environmentally friendly option has gained significant attention. This study first proposed a series of benzylammonium chloride based-deep eutectic systems for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Through the implementation of response surface methodology, the optimal solvent was determined to be dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride-levulinic acid (1:3, mol/mol) with 35% (v/v) water, specifically tailored to extract geniposide, genipin-1-β-d-gentiobioside, crocin-1, and crocin-2 from gardenia fruits with the ratio of solid to liquid of 1:20 at 86°C for 16 min. Their total extraction yields could reach 70.6 mg/g, outperforming those obtained by other solvents and corresponding techniques. Furthermore, the eutectic system was retrieved after first-cycle extraction, and then applied in the subsequent extraction progress, yielding a consistent extraction efficiency of 97.1%. As compared to previous traditional methods, a quick, high-yielding, and green extraction procedure was achieved through simple heating settings that did not constrain the instrument. Therefore, dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride-levulinic acid could serve as a sustainable and reusable solvent for efficient extraction of natural bioactive compounds from plant-based raw materials. The application of deep eutectic solvents has demonstrated their potential as designable solvents with stronger extraction capabilities than traditional organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Network pharmacology-based analysis on geniposide, a component of gardenia jasminoides, beneficial effects to alleviate LPS-induced immune stress in piglets. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109894. [PMID: 36863144 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide is the main medicinal component of Gardenia jasminoides, and its content is approximately 3-8% depending on its origin. Geniposide is a class of cyclic enol ether terpene glucoside compounds with strong antioxidant, free radical quenching and cancer-inhibiting activities. Many studies have reported that geniposide has hepatoprotective, cholestatic, neuroprotective, blood sugar and blood lipid regulation, soft tissue damage treatment, antithrombotic, antitumor and other effects. As a traditional Chinese medicine, gardenia, whether used as gardenia alone, as the monomer geniposide or as the effective part of cyclic either terpenoids, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects when used in the right amounts. Recent studies have found that geniposide has important roles in pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation activity, inhibition of the NF-κB/IκB pathway, and cell adhesion molecule production. In this study, we predicted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of geniposide in piglets through network pharmacology based on the LPS-induced inflammatory response-regulated signaling pathway. The effects of geniposide on changes in inflammatory pathways and cytokine levels in the lymphocytes of inflammation-stressed piglets were investigated using in vivo and in vitro models of piglet lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress. Network pharmacology identified 23 target genes, of which the main pathways of action were lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and Yersinia infection. The main relevant target genes were VEGFA, ROCK2, NOS3, and CCL2. Validation experiments showed that the interventional effects of geniposide reduced the relative expression of NF-κB pathway proteins and genes, restored the expression of COX-2 genes to normal levels, and increased the relative expression of tight junction proteins and genes in IPEC-J2 cells. This indicates that the addition of geniposide can alleviate inflammation and improve the level of cellular tight junctions.
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Natural Monoterpenes as Potential Therapeutic Agents against Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032429. [PMID: 36768748 PMCID: PMC9917110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicines based on natural products play a pivotal role in preventing and managing atherosclerotic diseases, which are among the leading causes of death globally. Monoterpenes are a large class of naturally occurring compounds commonly found in many aromatic and medicinal plants. Emerging evidence has shown that monoterpenes have many biological properties, including cardioprotective effects. Remarkably, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of natural monoterpenes to protect against the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These findings shed light on developing novel effective antiatherogenic drugs from these compounds. Herein, we provide an overview of natural monoterpenes' effects on atherogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Monoterpenes have pleiotropic and multitargeted pharmacological properties by interacting with various cell types and intracellular molecular pathways involved in atherogenesis. These properties confer remarkable advantages in managing atherosclerosis, which has been recognized as a multifaceted vascular disease. We also discuss limitations in the potential clinical application of monoterpenes as therapeutic agents against atherosclerosis. We propose perspectives to give new insights into future preclinical research and clinical practice regarding natural monoterpenes.
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Tian J, Qin S, Han J, Meng J, Liang A. A review of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Fructus Gardeniae (Zhi-zi). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:114984. [PMID: 35066066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is the dried fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GjE), which belongs to the family Rubiaceae. FG has a long history of use as a herb, and was originally recorded in Sheng Nong's herbal classic. FG has also been widely used as both medicine and food. AIM OF STUDY This review aimed to provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the current research progress of FG in terms of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, to provide new insights and extensive field of view for subsequent studies. METHODS Scientific databases, including CNKI, VIP (Chinese literature), PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier and Google Scholar (English literatures) were searched to gather data about FG and its main active ingredients such as geniposide and genipin (only regarding toxicity). RESULTS Many chemical constituents have been identified from the fruit of GjE, including iridoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, volatile oils and others. The constituents of different parts of FG and processed FG are different from those of whole FG. FG extract and its main active constituents have been reported to have pharmacological properties such as hepatoprotective, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-apoptotic and antitumor activities. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that FG induces multiple organ injury, especially causing hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which could increase the risk during clinical use. The available literature shows that geniposide, a major active component of FG and a critical marker for its quality, is associated with the pharmacology and toxicity of FG. CONCLUSION Although a large number of studies examining FG have been published, issues remain. In the aspect of FG's pharmacology, the traditional efficacy and modern pharmacological effects of FG should be combined, which to broadens clinical application prospects. In addition, few studies have assessed the toxicity of FG. Toxicity assessment of FG should tackle various aspects, including compatibility, processing and the symptom-based prescription theory, in addition to over-dosage or long-term use, for a reasonable clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shasha Qin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, , No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Geniposide Attenuates Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9247947. [PMID: 34938383 PMCID: PMC8687848 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9247947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Geniposide (GEN) is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory product and plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. To explore the biological functions and mechanism of GEN in diabetic retinopathy (DR), we constructed the in vitro and in vivo model of DR by using primary cultured mouse retinal Müller cells and C57BL/6 mice, respectively. We found that GEN inhibited ROS accumulation, NF-κB activation, Müller cell activation, and inflammatory cytokine secretion both in vitro and in vivo, which is probably mediated through the Nrf2 pathway. Exendin (9-39) (EX-9), an antagonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), abolished the protective effect of GEN on high glucose- (HG-) induced Müller cells. Additionally, GEN decreased hyperglycemia-induced damage to Müller cells and blood-retinal barrier in the retinas of mice with DR. We demonstrated that GEN was capable of protecting Müller cells and mice from HG-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which is mostly dependent on the Nrf2 signaling pathway through GLP-1R. GEN may be an effective approach for the treatment of DR.
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Ran D, Hong W, Yan W, Mengdie W. Properties and molecular mechanisms underlying geniposide-mediated therapeutic effects in chronic inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113958. [PMID: 33639206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geniposide (GE) is ubiquitous in nearly 40 species of plants, among which Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis has the highest content, and has been used ethnopharmacologically to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis has a long history of usage in detumescence and sedation, liver protection and cholestasis, hypotension and hemostasis. It is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, jaundice hepatitis, sprain and contusion. As a type of iridoid glycosides extracted from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis, GE has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesic, anti-oxidative, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: In this article, we reviewed the sources, traditional usage, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and therapeutic effect of GE on chronic inflammatory diseases, and discussed its potential regulatory mechanisms and clinical application. RESULTS GE is a common iridoid glycoside in medicinal plants, which has strong activity in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. A large number of in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that GE has certain therapeutic value for a variety of chronic inflammation disease. Its mechanism of function is mainly based on its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective properties, as well as regulation of apoptotsis. GE plays a role in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, realizing the dynamic balance of pro/anti-inflammatory factors, improving the state of oxidative stress, and restoring abnormally expressed inflammation-related pathways. CONCLUSION According to its extensive pharmacological effects, GE is a promising drug for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Ran
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wu Hong
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Wang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wang Mengdie
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
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Metabolite Profiling of Methanolic Extract of Gardenia jaminoides by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and Its Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Oxidant Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020102. [PMID: 33525758 PMCID: PMC7912419 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the methanolic extract from seeds of Gardenia jasminoides exhibited strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities with less toxicity to NIH3T3 and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. The antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition activities were found higher in methanolic extract (MeOH-E) than H2O extract. Besides, 9.82 ± 0.62 µg and 6.42 ± 0.26 µg of MeOH-E were equivalent to 1 µg ascorbic acid for ABTS and DPPH scavenging, respectively while 9.02 ± 0.25 µg and 6.52 ± 0.15 µg of MeOH-E were equivalent to 1 µg of acarbose for inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. Moreover, the cell assay revealed that the addition of MeOH-E (12.5 µg/mL) increased about 37% of glucose uptake in insulin resistant (IR) HepG2 as compared to untreated IR HepG2 cells. The LC- MS/MS and GC-MS analysis of MeOH-E revealed a total of 54 compounds including terpenoids, glycosides, fatty acid, phenolic acid derivatives. Among the identified compounds, chlorogenic acid and jasminoside A were found promising for anti-diabetic activity revealed by molecular docking study and these molecules are deserving further purification and molecular analysis.
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Sahukari R, Punabaka J, Bhasha S, Ganjikunta VS, Ramudu SK, Kesireddy SR. Plant Compounds for the Treatment of Diabetes, a Metabolic Disorder: NF-κB as a Therapeutic Target. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4955-4969. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200730221035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The prevalence of diabetes in the world population hás reached 8.8 % and is expected to
rise to 10.4% by 2040. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of drugs against therapeutic targets to
sojourn its prevalence. Previous studies proved that NF-κB serves as a central agent in the development of diabetic
complications.
Objectives:
This review intended to list the natural plant compounds that would act as inhibitors of NF-κB signalling
in different organs under the diabetic condition with their possible mechanism of action.
Methods:
Information on NF-κB, diabetes, natural products, and relation in between them, was gathered from
scientific literature databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley online
library.
Results and Conclusion:
NF-κB plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications because of its
link in the expression of genes that are responsible for organs damage such as kidney, brain, eye, liver, heart,
muscle, endothelium, adipose tissue and pancreas by inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Activation of
PPAR-α, SIRT3/1, and FXR through many cascades by plant compounds such as terpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids,
alkaloids, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates, and phytocannabinoids recovers diabetic complications. These compounds
also exhibit the prevention of NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by inhibiting NF-κB activators, such
as VEGFR, RAGE and TLR4 receptors, which in turn, prevent the activation of many genes involved in tissue
damage. Current knowledge on the treatment of diabetes by targeting NF-κB is limited, so future studies would
enlighten accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sahukari
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Jyothi Punabaka
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Shanmugam Bhasha
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Venkata S. Ganjikunta
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Shanmugam K. Ramudu
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Sathyavelu R. Kesireddy
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Zhang C, Wu W, Zhu H, Yu X, Zhang Y, Ye X, Cheng H, Ma R, Cui H, Luo J, Guan J, Chang X. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA CCDC144NL-AS1 attenuates migration and invasion phenotypes in endometrial stromal cells from endometriosis†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:939-949. [PMID: 30496345 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is a mysterious and complicated disease that has been found to be multifactorial. Recent studies demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of EM. However, the functional and biological mechanisms of lncRNAs in EM remain unknown. Here, we performed microarray analyses to compare the lncRNA expression profiles of four paired ectopic endometrial (EC) tissues and eutopic endometrial (EU) tissues from patients with ovarian EM. A novel lncRNA, CCDC144NL-AS1, was identified as being potentially functional. CCDC144NL-AS1 expression was upregulated in EC tissues compared to EU and normal endometrial (NE) tissues. Its expression was higher in EC tissues than in EU tissues in 86.7% (26/30) of patients with EM. Despite the lack of a significant increase according to revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) stages, approximately 60% of stage VI EM cases exhibited higher CCDC144NL-AS1 levels, many more than in the stage II-III cases. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that CCDC144NL-AS1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the human EM-derived immortalized endometrial stromal cell line hEM15A. CCDC144NL-AS1 depletion suppressed the migration and invasion of hEM15A cells, but exerted no effects on cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, or cell cycle. Knockdown of CCDC144NL-AS1 dramatically altered the distribution of cytoskeletal filamentous actin (F-actin) stress fibers compared to the negative control group treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that knockdown of CCDC144NL-AS1 attenuated the protein levels of vimentin filaments and MMP-9, but not N-cadherin or β-catenin. Collectively, our results suggest that CCDC144NL-AS1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of EM and provide a novel target for ovarian EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honglan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Ye
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqiong Ma
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Cui
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Chang
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Geniposide promotes the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells by regulation of microRNA-214. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106121. [PMID: 31972426 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The research plans to make sure how Geniposide (GEN) functions in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells were treated with the GEN, XAV-939 and/or transfected with microRNA (miR)-214 mimic or corresponding control. Cell viability was detected with the CCK-8. The CyclinD1, Runx2, Osx, Ocn, Wnt3a and β-catenin were individually quantified via western blot. The cell cycle was tested by cell cycle analysis assay. The ALP activity was tested by ALP assay. qRT-PCR was used to examine the miR-214 expression level. The cell viability and the expressions of the CyclinD1, Runx2, Osx, Ocn Wnt3a and β-catenin, as well as the ALP activity were individually and significantly promoted by the GEN. Besides, miR-214 was down-regulated by the GEN. The XAV-939 or the miR-214 mimic destroyed the promotional effect of GEN on these elements above. In conclusion, GEN induced the proliferation and differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells by targeting the miR-214 through Wnt/β-catenin activation.
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Diverse Pharmacological Activities and Potential Medicinal Benefits of Geniposide. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4925682. [PMID: 31118959 PMCID: PMC6500620 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4925682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Geniposide is a well-known iridoid glycoside compound and is an essential component of a wide variety of traditional phytomedicines, for example, Gardenia jasminoides Elli (Zhizi in Chinese), Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Duzhong in Chinese), Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (Dihuang in Chinese), and Achyranthes bidentata Bl. (Niuxi in Chinese). It is also the main bioactive component of Gardeniae Fructus, the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Increasing pharmacological evidence supports multiple medicinal properties of geniposide including neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant-like, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, antithrombotic, and antitumoral effects. It has been proposed that geniposide may be a drug or lead compound for the prophylaxis and treatment of several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes and diabetic complications, ischemia and reperfusion injury, and hepatic disorders. The aim of the present review is to give a comprehensive summary and analysis of the pharmacological properties of geniposide, supporting its use as a medicinal agent.
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Lv S, Ding Y, Zhao H, Liu S, Zhang J, Wang J. Therapeutic Potential and Effective Components of the Chinese Herb Gardeniae Fructus in the Treatment of Senile Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:1153-1164. [PMID: 30574425 PMCID: PMC6284761 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardeniae fructus (GF), an evergreen Rubiaceae shrub, is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been used for over a thousand years. It is usually prescribed for the treatment of brain aging, vascular aging, bone and joint aging, and other age-related diseases. It has been demonstrated that several effective compounds of GF, such as geniposide, genipin and crocin, have neuroprotective or related activities which are involved in senile disease treatment. These bioactivities include the mitochondrion dysfunction, antioxidative activity, apoptosis regulation and an anti-inflammatory activity, which related to multiple signaling pathways such as the nuclear factor-κB pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. To lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of GF in treating age-related pathologies, we summarized the available research conducted in the last fifteen years about GF and its effective components, which have been studied in vivo and in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lv
- 2Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Ding
- 3Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- 4Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihao Liu
- 5Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Junping Zhang
- 2Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- 1Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gene Expression Profiling Confirms the Dosage-Dependent Additive Neuroprotective Effects of Jasminoidin in a Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2785636. [PMID: 29862259 PMCID: PMC5976973 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2785636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates that a double dose of Jasminoidin (2·JA) is more effective than Jasminoidin (JA) in cerebral ischemia therapy, but its dosage-effect mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the software GeneGo MetaCore was used to perform pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes obtained in microarrays of mice belonging to four groups (Sham, Vehicle, JA, and 2·JA), aiming to elucidate differences in JA and 2·JA's dose-dependent pharmacological mechanism from a system's perspective. The top 10 enriched pathways in the 2·JA condition were mainly involved in neuroprotection (70% of the pathways), apoptosis and survival (40%), and anti-inflammation (20%), while JA induced pathways were mainly involved in apoptosis and survival (60%), anti-inflammation (20%), and lipid metabolism (20%). Regarding shared pathways and processes, 3, 1, and 3 pathways overlapped between the Vehicle and JA, Vehicle and 2·JA, and JA and 2·JA conditions, respectively; for the top ten overlapped processes these numbers were 3, 0, and 4, respectively. The common pathways and processes in the 2·JA condition included differentially expressed genes significantly different from those in JA. Seven representative pathways were only activated by 2·JA, such as Gamma-Secretase regulation of neuronal cell development. Process network comparison indicated that significant nodes, such as alpha-MSH, ACTH, PKR1, and WNT, were involved in the pharmacological mechanism of 2·JA. Function distribution was different between JA and 2·JA groups, indicating a dosage additive mechanism in cerebral ischemia treatment. Such systemic approach based on whole-genome multiple pathways and networks may provide an effective and alternative approach to identify alterations underlining dosage-dependent therapeutic benefits of pharmacological compounds on complex disease processes.
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Wang J, Li W, Huang X, Liu Y, Li Q, Zheng Z, Wang K. A polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes inhibits human colon cancer cell proliferation and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:610-623. [PMID: 27888812 PMCID: PMC5352182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effect of Lentinan is thought rely on the activation of immune responses; however, little is known about whether Lentinan also directly attacks cancer cells. We therefore investigated the direct antitumor activity of SLNT (a water-extracted polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes) and its probable mechanism. We showed that SLNT significantly inhibited proliferation of HT-29 colon cancer cells and suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Annxein V-FITC/PI, DAPI, AO/EB and H&E staining assays all showed that SLNT induced cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. SLNT induced apoptosis by activating Caspase-3 via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, which presented as the activation of Caspases-9 and -8, upregulation of cytochrome c and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, downregulation of NF-κB, and overproduction of ROS and TNF-α in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO or antioxidant NAC blocked SLNT-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that SLNT exerts direct antitumor effects by inducing cell apoptosis via ROS-mediated intrinsic and TNF-α-mediated extrinsic pathways. SLNT may thus represent a useful candidate for colon cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyong Li
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Pharmacy, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziming Zheng
- Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
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19
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Geniposide on Osteoarthritis by Suppressing the Activation of p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8384576. [PMID: 29682561 PMCID: PMC5846349 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8384576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the activation of the p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway plays a significant role in the progression of OA by leading to the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and signaling enzymes in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. However, most p38 MAPK inhibitors applied for OA have been thought to be limited due to their potential long-term toxicities. Geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside purified from the fruit of the herb, has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the inhibition effect of geniposide on the inflammatory progression of the surgically induced osteoarthritis and whether the protective effect of geniposide on OA is related to the inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In vitro, geniposide attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) production as well as matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 13 in chondrocytes isolated from surgically induced rabbit osteoarthritis model. Additionally, geniposide markedly suppressed the expression of IL-1, TNF-α, NO, and MMP-13 in the synovial fluid from the rabbits with osteoarthritis. More importantly, our results clearly demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of geniposide on surgery-induced expression of inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis was closely associated with the suppression of the p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Our study demonstrates that geniposide may have therapeutic potential to serve as an alternative agent for the p38 MAPK inhibition for the treatment of OA due to its inherent features of biological activities and low toxicity as a traditional Chinese medicine.
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20
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Immunosuppressive Effect of Geniposide on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Pathway and Their Cross-Talk in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes of Adjuvant Arthritis Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010091. [PMID: 29301301 PMCID: PMC6017018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside compound derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit, is known to have anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of GE in the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway and the cross-talk among the MAPK signalling pathway in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats. AA was induced by injecting with Freund's complete adjuvant. Male SD rats and FLS were subjected to treatment with GE (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg) in vivo from day 14 to 21 after immunization and GE (25, 50 and 100 μg/mL) in vitro, respectively. The proliferation of FLS was assessed by MTT. IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 were determined by ELISA. Key proteins in the MAPK signalling pathway were detected by Western blot. GE significantly reduced the proliferation of FLS, along with decreased IFN-γ and IL-17 and increased IL-4 and TGF-β1. In addition, GE decreased the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 in FLS of AA rats. Furthermore, disrupting one MAPK pathway inhibited the activation of other MAPK pathways, suggesting cross-talk among MAPK signalling. In vivo study, it was also observed that GE attenuated histopathologic changes in the synovial tissue of AA rats. Collectively, the mechanisms by which GE exerts anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects may be related to the synergistic effect of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38. Targeting MAPK signalling may be a new therapeutic strategy in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases.
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21
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Chang CH, Wu JB, Yang JS, Lai YJ, Su CH, Lu CC, Hsu YM. The Suppressive Effects of Geniposide and Genipin on Helicobacter pylori
Infections In Vitro
and In Vivo. J Food Sci 2017; 82:3021-3028. [PMID: 29135040 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Hung Chang
- Dept. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tainan Municipal Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
- Dept. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Dept. of Medical Research, China Medical Univ. Hospital; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Lai
- Dept. of Biological Science and Technology; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsian Su
- Dept. of Biological Science and Technology; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Dept. of Pharmacy; Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Dept. of Biological Science and Technology; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
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Shin JK, Lee SM. Genipin protects the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating mitochondrial quality control. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 328:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Shen P, Li S, Lu X, Liu J, Cao Y, Liu B, Fu Y, Zhang N. Administration of geniposide ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice via inhibition of inflammation and mucosal damage. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:168-177. [PMID: 28595080 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, not only affects millions of patients worldwide, but also increases the risk of colon cancer. Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside and has many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, its protective efficacy and mechanism of action against UC are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of geniposide on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. The results revealed that geniposide alleviated body weight loss, disease activity index, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage induced by DSS. Geniposide significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating NF-κB and PPARγ pathways in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, geniposide also significantly regulated the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammation in Caco-2 cells. These findings indicated that geniposide may be a new natural chemopreventive agent to combat UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuxi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Rezabakhsh A, Nabat E, Yousefi M, Montazersaheb S, Cheraghi O, Mehdizadeh A, Fathi F, Movassaghpour AA, Maleki-Dizaji N, Rahbarghazi R, Garjani A. Endothelial cells' biophysical, biochemical, and chromosomal aberrancies in high-glucose condition within the diabetic range. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:83-97. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Elahe Nabat
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mina Yousefi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch; Ahar Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Omid Cheraghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fathi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Maleki-Dizaji
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Garjani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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25
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Xiao W, Li S, Wang S, Ho CT. Chemistry and bioactivity of Gardenia jasminoides. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:43-61. [PMID: 28911543 PMCID: PMC9333430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides, grown in multiple regions in China, was commonly used as a natural yellow dye but has been one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines since the discovery of its biological property a few decades ago. It has been reported that G. jasminoides possess multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, hypoglycemic effect, inhibition of inflammation, antidepression activity, and improved sleeping quality. In this review, our aim was to have a comprehensive summary of its phytochemistry including the extraction, isolation, and characterization of volatiles and bioactive molecules in G. jasminoides, focusing on the two major phytochemicals, genipin and crocin, which possess potent medicinal properties. Furthermore, this study attempted to establish a structure–activity relationship between the two major series of molecules with two pharmcophores and their biological activities, which would serve further exploration of the properties of phytocompounds in G. jasminoides as potential functional foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei,
China
- Pharmacy of Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan,
China
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei,
China
- Corresponding authors: Shiming Li, Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 43800, China. Chi-Tang Ho, Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. E-mail addresses: (S. Li), (C.-T. Ho)
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,
USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,
USA
- Corresponding authors: Shiming Li, Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 43800, China. Chi-Tang Ho, Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. E-mail addresses: (S. Li), (C.-T. Ho)
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Li B, Liu J, Zhang YY, Wang PQ, Yu YN, Kang RX, Wu HL, Zhang XX, Wang Z, Wang YY. Quantitative Identification of Compound-Dependent On-Modules and Differential Allosteric Modules From Homologous Ischemic Networks. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 5:575-584. [PMID: 27758049 PMCID: PMC5080653 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Module‐based methods have made much progress in deconstructing biological networks. However, it is a great challenge to quantitatively compare the topological structural variations of modules (allosteric modules [AMs]) under different situations. A total of 23, 42, and 15 coexpression modules were identified in baicalin (BA), jasminoidin (JA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UA) in a global anti‐ischemic mice network, respectively. Then, we integrated the methods of module‐based consensus ratio (MCR) and modified Zsummary module statistic to validate 12 BA, 22 JA, and 8 UA on‐modules based on comparing with vehicle. The MCRs for pairwise comparisons were 1.55% (BA vs. JA), 1.45% (BA vs. UA), and 1.27% (JA vs. UA), respectively. Five conserved allosteric modules (CAMs) and 17 unique allosteric modules (UAMs) were identified among these groups. In conclusion, module‐centric analysis may provide us a unique approach to understand multiple pharmacological mechanisms associated with differential phenotypes in the era of modular pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - P Q Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y N Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R X Kang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H L Wu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X X Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Y Y Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hu X, Zhang X, Jin G, Shi Z, Sun W, Chen F. Geniposide reduces development of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy via regulating nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 31:54-63. [PMID: 27521287 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Renal pathology was a commonly seen complication in patients with diabetes. Geniposide (GPO) was previously demonstrated to modulate glucose metabolism in diabetes. This study was to investigate effects of GPO in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism. Renal function in diabetic rats was evaluated by levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urinary albumin. Renal inflammation was appraised by inflammatory cells infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Renal monocytes, T lymphocytes infiltration, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were quantitated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, renal nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was assayed by Western blotting. Diabetic rats showed renal dysfunction as evidenced by increased levels of Scr, BUN, urinary albumin, and elevator renal index. Histological examination revealed significant glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening. However, GPO notably improved renal function and diabetes-induced GBM changes. Additionally, diabetic rats showed noteworthy renal inflammation,as reflected by enhancement of monocytes and T lymphocytes infiltration, increased expression of ICAM-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6. Interestingly, the level of monocytes infiltration positively correlated with the severity of GBM. Further study indicated diabetic rats displayed increased activation of NF-κB, indicated by increased expression of NF-κB p65, IKKα, and p-IκBα in renal tissue. However, all the changes in renal inflammation and NF-κB pathway were obviously reversed in GPO-treated diabetic rats. Our works indicate GPO ameliorates structural and functional abnormalities of kidney in diabetic rats, which is associated with its suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Guoxi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaoming Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Weihua Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Fengling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Guignabert C, Phan C, Seferian A, Huertas A, Tu L, Thuillet R, Sattler C, Le Hiress M, Tamura Y, Jutant EM, Chaumais MC, Bouchet S, Manéglier B, Molimard M, Rousselot P, Sitbon O, Simonneau G, Montani D, Humbert M. Dasatinib induces lung vascular toxicity and predisposes to pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3207-18. [PMID: 27482885 DOI: 10.1172/jci86249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease that can be induced by dasatinib, a dual Src and BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Today, key questions remain regarding the mechanisms involved in the long-term development of dasatinib-induced PAH. Here, we demonstrated that chronic dasatinib therapy causes pulmonary endothelial damage in humans and rodents. We found that dasatinib treatment attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction responses and increased susceptibility to experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats, but these effects were absent in rats treated with imatinib, another BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, dasatinib treatment induced pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, while imatinib did not. Dasatinib treatment mediated endothelial cell dysfunction via increased production of ROS that was independent of Src family kinases. Consistent with these findings, we observed elevations in markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage in the serum of CML patients who were treated with dasatinib, compared with CML patients treated with imatinib. Taken together, our findings indicate that dasatinib causes pulmonary vascular damage, induction of ER stress, and mitochondrial ROS production, which leads to increased susceptibility to PH development.
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Zhong X, Guo Q, Wang H, Gao J, Bai T, Ren L, Guo Y, Jiao X, Liu Y. Geniposide acutely stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells by regulating GLP-1 receptor/cAMP signaling and ion channels. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:89-96. [PMID: 27126219 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside, has antidiabetic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate whether geniposide has direct effects on insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets. The results demonstrated that geniposide potentiated insulin secretion via activating the glucagon-like-1 receptor (GLP-1R) as well as the adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cAMP signaling pathway. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) suppressed the insulinotropic effect of geniposide. Geniposide also inhibited voltage-dependent potassium (Kv) channels, and this effect could be attenuated by inhibition of GLP-1R or PKA. Current-clamp recording showed that geniposide prolonged action potential duration. These results collectively imply that inhibition of Kv channels is linked to geniposide-potentiated insulin secretion by acting downstream of the GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Moreover, activation of Ca(2+) channels by geniposide was observed, indicating that the Ca(2+) channel is also an important player in the geniposide effects. Together, these findings provide new insight into the mechanism underlying geniposide-regulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yaqin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangqin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingying Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lele Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yangyan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Li W, Zhao W, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi J, Chen X. Puerarin Improves Diabetic Aorta Injury by Inhibiting NADPH Oxidase-Derived Oxidative Stress in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8541520. [PMID: 26881260 PMCID: PMC4736809 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8541520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puerarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from the TCM lobed kudzuvine root. This study investigated the effect and mechanisms of puerarin on diabetic aorta in rats. METHODS Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were administered with puerarin for 3 weeks. Levels of serum insulin (INS), PGE2, endothelin (ET), glycated hemoglobin (GHb), H2O2, and nitric oxide (NO) in rats were measured by ELISA and colorimetric assay kits. The aortas were stained with H&E. Moreover, the mRNA expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and NOX4 and the protein expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NF-κB p65, E-selectin, NOX2, and NOX4 in aorta tissues were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The localization of ICAM-1, NF-κB p65, NOX2, and NOX4 in the aorta tissues was also determined through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Puerarin treatment exerted no effect on fasting blood glucose levels but significantly reduced the serum levels of INS, GHb, PGE2, ET, H2O2, and NO. In addition, puerarin improved the pathological alterations and inhibited the expression of ICAM-1, LOX-1, NOX2, and NOX4 at both mRNA and protein levels. Puerarin also significantly reduced the number of cells showing positive staining for ICAM-1, NOX2, NOX4, and NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION Puerarin demonstrated protective effect on the STZ-induced diabetic rat aorta. The protective mechanisms may include regulation of NF-κB and inhibition of NOX2 and NOX4 followed by inhibition of cell adhesion molecule expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Li
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
- Chengdu Chronic Diseases Hospital, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
- *Jingshan Shi: and
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
- *Xiuping Chen:
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Chen JY, Wu H, Li H, Hu SL, Dai MM, Chen J. Anti-inflammatory effects and pharmacokinetics study of geniposide on rats with adjuvant arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 24:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sung YY, Lee AY, Kim HK. The Gardenia jasminoides extract and its constituent, geniposide, elicit anti-allergic effects on atopic dermatitis by inhibiting histamine in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:33-40. [PMID: 25153023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of inflammation, edema, and dermaitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which Gardenia jasminoides extract (GJE) elicits anti-allergic effects in mast cells and in mice with atopic dermatitis (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effects of GJE and its fractions on compound 48/80-induced histamine release from MC/9 cells and Dermatophagoides farinae-exposed NC/Nga mice. The effects of its constituents on histamine release from MC/9 cells were also investigated. RESULTS GJE and its ethyl acetate fraction (GJE-EA) inhibited compound 48/80-induced histamine release from MC/9 mast cells. The topical application of GJE or GJE-EA to Dermatophagoides farinae-exposed NC/Nga mice reduced the symptoms of AD, inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and lowered the serum levels of immunoglobulin E and histamine. Both GJE and GJE-EA reduced the expression of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) in ear lesions. In addition, the quantitative analysis of GJE and GJE-EA by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of crocin and geniposide. Geniposide, but not crocin, inhibited the release of histamine from mast cells, which may contribute to the anti-allergic effect of GJE and GJE-EA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GJE and GJE-EA can suppress mast cell degranulation-induced histamine release, and geniposide may be potential therapeutic candidates for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Young Sung
- Herbal Medicine Resources Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - A Yeong Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
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Wei M, Li Z, Yang Z. Crosstalk between protective autophagy and NF-κB signal in high glucose-induced podocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:261-73. [PMID: 24957786 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a great deal of recent studies focused on the pivotal role of autophagy in maintaining podocyte energy homeostasis, the mechanisms of autophagy in regulating transcriptional factors under high glucose (HG) condition are not fully understood. Here, we evaluated the effect of HG on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and autophagic process. The results showed that HG promoted autophagy in podocytes. Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) further enhanced this effect, but 3-methyadenine (3-MA) inhibited it. The proautophagic effects of HG manifested in the form of enhanced podocyte expression of light chain 3 (LC3)-II. In these cells, blockade of NF-κB signal by ammonium pyrrolidinethiocarbamate constrained in effectively reducing LC3-II up-regulation and increasing podocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, the autophagy inhibitors, such as Baf A1 and 3-MA, significantly enhanced HG-induced NF-κB activation and increased apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that the accumulation of autophagosomes results from enhancement of the autophagic flux, but not the blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion by HG. We also prove that HG-induced apoptosis, autophagy, and NF-κB signal are in a close crosstalk through a yet undetermined mechanism in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wei
- College of Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2-Arachidonoylglycerol modulates human endothelial cell/leukocyte interactions by controlling selectin expression through CB1 and CB2 receptors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Geniposide inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:561-7. [PMID: 23859870 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our group recently reported the strong anti-inflammatory effects of geniposide (Gen), a bioactive iridoid glucoside derived from gardenia jasminoides, in a mouse acute lung injury model. Herein, we hypothesized that Gen might also have potential therapeutic benefits in treatment of asthma, which was tested in a mouse model of ovalbumin (Ova)-induced allergic airway inflammation. Ova-sensitized and -challenged BALB/c mice, as compared with control animals, displayed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and increased T help 2 (Th2)-associated cytokine and chemokine amounts, as well as serum Ova-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) level. Being compared with the Ova-induced hallmarks of asthma, intraperitoneal Gen treatment prevented eosinophilic pulmonary infiltration, attenuated the increases in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and reduced eotaxin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression. Also, Gen significantly ameliorated the Ova-driven airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, and allergen-specific IgE level, which are the cardinal pathophysiological symptoms in allergic airway diseases. In addition, the efficacy of Gen was comparable to that of dexamethasone (Dex), a currently available anti-asthmatic drug. Collectively, our findings reveal that the development of immunoregulatory strategies based on Gen may be considered as an effective adjuvant therapy for allergic asthma.
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Zhang HY, Liu H, Yang M, Wei SF. Antithrombotic activities of aqueous extract from Gardenia jasminoides and its main constituent. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:221-225. [PMID: 23116215 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.717088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Rubiaceae) is a shrub tree species distributed all over the world. Now its pharmacological activities such as anti-atherosclerosis have been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE To offer pharmacological proof for its further clinical application in cardiovascular diseases, the antithrombotic activities of the aqueous extract of G. jasminoides (GJ-ext) were studied in mouse and rat models. MATERIALS AND METHODS GJ-ext was administrated orally to detect the effects on the models of carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis and arteriovenous shunt thrombosis. The effects of GJ-ext and geniposide (p.o.) on antiplatelet aggregation were examined. Geniposide and genipin were studied on venous thrombosis by oral administration. RESULTS GJ-ext (67, 133 and 266 mg/kg) and aspirin (50 mg/kg), respectively, decreased the length of tail thrombus with average thrombus inhibition rate of 21.9, 55.7, 65.8 and 57.6% at 48 h and 19.0, 54.5, 69.3 and 56.9% at 72 h after carrageenan injection and, meanwhile, improved thrombosis induced by arteriovenous shunt (silk thread) with 36.3, 45.5, 86.4 and 63.7% inhibition rate of thrombus respectively, and the ED(50) of GJ-ext was 160.8 mg/kg. Furthermore, GJ-ext (67 mg/kg) and geniposide (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin/collagen with 45.1%/19.3% and 52.8%/26.2% aggregation rate. Geniposide (10-40 mg/kg) and genipin (5-20 mg/kg) inhibited venous thrombosis induced by tight ligation of the inferior vena cava, their ED(50) values were 18.4 and 8.6 mg/kg, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study indicated that GJ-ext and geniposide demonstrated remarkable antithrombotic activities and supported their therapeutic uses for thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yan Zhang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials (Chinese Education Ministry), Southwest Jiaotong University, Cheng du, Sichuan, China
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Liu H, Chen YF, Li F, Zhang HY. Fructus Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis) phytochemistry, pharmacology of cardiovascular, and safety with the perspective of new drugs development. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 15:94-110. [PMID: 23211013 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.723203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemistry, cardiovascular pharmacology, toxicology, side effect, and further development prospects of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (GJE) and its main constituents crocins and iridoid glycosides were studied. Numerous studies have confirmed that crocins and iridoid glycosides had effects of antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-ischemic brain injuries, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hypertension, and so on. Some of them might be related to several attractive pharmacodynamic actions of GJE such as promoting endothelium growth, protecting neurons, and inducing their differentiation. Both of them make it possible for GJE to prevent and cure thromboembolism and cardiovascular diseases well. From our own basic pharmacological research of GJE extract on several rat models, it has been known that GJE extract markedly prolonged bleeding time and inhibited platelet aggregation and thrombosis. It has significant proliferation effect on both endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells as well. As the mechanisms of GJE on those diseases were discussed and summarized, questions about its genetoxicity and hepatotoxicity were also discussed during its safety study to make the foundation for long-term medication and clinical research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Simple and effective large-scale preparation of geniposide from fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis using a liquid–liquid two-phase extraction. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1558-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fu Y, Liu B, Liu J, Liu Z, Liang D, Li F, Li D, Cao Y, Zhang X, Zhang N, Yang Z. Geniposide, from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, inhibits the inflammatory response in the primary mouse macrophages and mouse models. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:792-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li XJ, Hou JC, Sun P, Li PT, He RQ, Liu Y, Zhao LY, Hua Q. Neuroprotective effects of tongluojiunao in neurons exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:927-933. [PMID: 22472112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tongluojiunao (TLJN) is an herb extract that mainly contains ginsenoside Rg1 and geniposide, which are clinically used for treating ischemic damages in the brain. AIM OF THE STUDY In the stroke, cerebral ischemia followed by oxygen reperfusion induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons, while extension of axons and dendrites in neurons may compensate for and repair damages of neuronal network in the hypoxia brain. In this study, we investigated whether TLJN can protect neurons against damages by ischemia in brain vasculature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from primary culture of rat hippocampal neurons before and after the neurons were deprived of oxygen and glucose (OGD). In addition, the effects were evaluated with cell viability and neurite outgrowth before or after OGD. RESULTS We found that TLJN could play a neuroprotective role to cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons under both normal and oxygen/glucose-deprivation (OGD) conditions. TLJN could protect both cultured primary rat hippocampal neurons and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) from cell death under both normal and oxygen/glucose-deprivation (OGD) conditions. Moreover, under the same conditions, BMECs-conditioned media pretreated by TNJN could also promote neuron viability and neurite outgrowth, indicating that TLJN stimulated BMECs to secret some neuroprotective/neurotrophic factors. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TLJN has a marked neuroprotective and neurotrophic roles by either direct or indirect operation, and provide insight into the mechanism of clinical efficacy of this drug against stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 East Road, North 3rd Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Williams CR, Lu X, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Rosiglitazone attenuates NF-κB-mediated Nox4 upregulation in hyperglycemia-activated endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C213-23. [PMID: 22572850 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00227.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular complications, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, are related to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Previously, we reported that rosiglitazone (RSG) attenuated vascular expression and activity of NADPH oxidases in diabetic mice. The mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that RSG acts directly on endothelial cells to modulate vascular responses in diabetes. To test this hypothesis, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were exposed to normal glucose (NG; 5.6 mmol/l) or high glucose (HG; 30 mmol/l) concentrations. Select HAEC monolayers were treated with RSG, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), small interfering (si)RNA (to NF-κB/p65 or Nox4), or Tempol. HG increased the expression and activity of the NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit Nox4 but not Nox1 or Nox2. RSG attenuated HG-induced NF-κB/p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and binding to the Nox4 promoter. Inhibiting NF-κB with CAPE or siNF-κB/p65 also reduced HG-induced Nox4 expression and activity. HG-induced H(2)O(2) production was attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nox4, and HG-induced HAEC monocyte adhesion was attenuated by treatment with RSG, DPI, CAPE, or Tempol. These results indicate that HG exposure stimulates HAEC NF-κB activation, Nox4 expression, and H(2)O(2) production and that RSG attenuates HG-induced oxidative stress and subsequent monocyte-endothelial interactions by attenuating NF-κB/p65 activation and Nox4 expression. This study provides novel insights into mechanisms by which the thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligand RSG favorably modulates endothelial responses in the diabetic vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clintoria R Williams
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Georgia, USA
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Role of metabolism by human intestinal microflora in geniposide-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:733-8. [PMID: 22553067 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Possible role of metabolism by the intestinal bacteria in geniposide-induced cytotoxicity was investigated in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Initially, toxic effects of geniposide and its metabolite genipin were compared. Genipin, a deglycosylated form of geniposide, was cytotoxic at the concentrations that geniposide was not. As metabolic activation systems for geniposide, human intestinal bacterial cultures, fecal preparation (fecalase) and intestinal microbial enzyme mix were employed in the present study. When geniposide was incubated with human intestinal bacteria, either Bifidobacterium longum HY8001 or Bacteroides fragilis, for 24 h, the cultured media caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Fecalase and intestinal enzyme mix were also effective to metabolically activate geniposide to its cytotoxic metabolite. The present results indicated that genipin, a metabolite of geniposide, might be more toxic than geniposide, and that intestinal bacteria might have a role in biotransformation of geniposide to its toxic metabolite. In addition, among three activation systems tested, intestinal microbial enzyme mix would be convenient to use in detecting toxicants requiring metabolic activation by intestinal bacteria.
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Kojima K, Shimada T, Nagareda Y, Watanabe M, Ishizaki J, Sai Y, Miyamoto KI, Aburada M. Preventive Effect of Geniposide on Metabolic Disease Status in Spontaneously Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice and Free Fatty Acid-Treated HepG2 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1613-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Kojima
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | | | - Michiru Watanabe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Junko Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Yoshimichi Sai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Ken-ichi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Masaki Aburada
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
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