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Xu T, Shen Y, Guo R, Luo C, Niu Y, Luo Z, Zhu Z, Wu Z, Zhao X, Luo H, Gao Y. Mutual regulation between histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exposed to hydroquinone. Toxicology 2024; 508:153932. [PMID: 39179171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ), a metabolite of benzene, is frequently utilized as a surrogate for benzene in in vitro studies and is associated with the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the hemotoxicity caused by benzene and HQ, cell apoptosis plays a key role. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HQ are unknown. Studies have indicated that Suv39h1 is involved in regulating cell division and proliferation by regulating histone H3K9me3. Meanwhile, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway also plays a significant role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the regulatory role of Suv39h1 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the effects of HQ on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as well as its influence on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results demonstrated that HQ elevated the levels of Suv39h1 and H3K9me3 and activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating β-catenin, Wnt2b, C-myc, and Cyclin D1 and downregulating Wnt5a, resulting in an increase in cell growth and a decrease in apoptosis. Suv39h1 knockdown inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway resulted in the down-regulation of Suv39h1 and H3K9me3 in BMSCs. They both promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in the effects of HQ on BMSCs by downregulating the expression of Cyt-C, Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 and upregulating the expression of Bcl-xl. Therefore, we concluded that Suv39h1 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may mutually regulate each other in the effects of HQ on BMSCs in order to ameliorate the altered function of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yilin Shen
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Runmin Guo
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chiheng Luo
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yibo Niu
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhilong Luo
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zehui Wu
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Luo
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuting Gao
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Xu T, Shen Y, Guo R, Luo C, Niu Y, Luo Z, Zhu Z, Wu Z, Zhao X, Luo H, Gao Y. Mutual regulation between histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exposed to hydroquinone. Toxicology 2024; 508:153932. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2024.153932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
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3
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Huang G, Cai X, Li D. Significance of targeting DNMT3A mutations in AML. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05885-8. [PMID: 39078434 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most prevalent form of leukemia among adults, characterized by aggressive behavior and significant genetic diversity. Despite decades of reliance on conventional chemotherapy as the mainstay treatment, patients often struggle with achieving remission, experience rapid relapses, and have limited survival prospects. While intensified induction chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation have enhanced patient outcomes, these benefits are largely confined to younger AML patients capable of tolerating intensive treatments. DNMT3A, a crucial enzyme responsible for establishing de novo DNA methylation, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance between hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and self-renewal, thereby influencing gene expression programs through epigenetic regulation. DNMT3A mutations are the most frequently observed genetic abnormalities in AML, predominantly in older patients, occurring in approximately 20-30% of adult AML cases and over 30% of AML with a normal karyotype. Consequently, the molecular underpinnings and potential therapeutic targets of DNMT3A mutations in AML are currently being thoroughly investigated. This article provides a comprehensive summary and the latest insights into the structure and function of DNMT3A, examines the impact of DNMT3A mutations on the progression and prognosis of AML, and explores potential therapeutic approaches for AML patients harboring DNMT3A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoya Cai
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dengju Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Abraham E, Athapaththu AMGK, Atanasova KR, Chen QY, Corcoran TJ, Piloto J, Wu CW, Ratnayake R, Luesch H, Choe KP. Chemical Genetics in C. elegans Identifies Anticancer Mycotoxins Chaetocin and Chetomin as Potent Inducers of a Nuclear Metal Homeostasis Response. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1180-1193. [PMID: 38652683 PMCID: PMC11102292 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
C. elegans numr-1/2 (nuclear-localized metal-responsive) is an identical gene pair encoding a nuclear protein previously shown to be activated by cadmium and disruption of the integrator RNA metabolism complex. We took a chemical genetic approach to further characterize regulation of this novel metal response by screening 41,716 compounds and extracts for numr-1p::GFP activation. The most potent activator was chaetocin, a fungal 3,6-epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) with promising anticancer activity. Chaetocin activates numr-1/2 strongly in the alimentary canal but is distinct from metal exposure, because it represses canonical cadmium-responsive metallothionine genes. Chaetocin has diverse targets in cancer cells including thioredoxin reductase, histone lysine methyltransferase, and acetyltransferase p300/CBP; further work is needed to identify the mechanism in C. elegans as genetic disruption and RNAi screening of homologues did not induce numr-1/2 in the alimentary canal and chaetocin did not affect markers of integrator dysfunction. We demonstrate that disulfides in chaetocin and chetomin, a dimeric ETP analog, are required to induce numr-1/2. ETP monomer gliotoxin, despite possessing a disulfide linkage, had almost no effect on numr-1/2, suggesting a dimer requirement. Chetomin inhibits C. elegans growth at low micromolar levels, and loss of numr-1/2 increases sensitivity; C. elegans and Chaetomiaceae fungi inhabit similar environments raising the possibility that numr-1/2 functions as a defense mechanism. There is no direct orthologue of numr-1/2 in humans, but RNaseq suggests that chaetocin affects expression of cellular processes linked to stress response and metal homeostasis in colorectal cancer cells. Our results reveal interactions between metal response gene regulation and ETPs and identify a potential mechanism of resistance to this versatile class of preclinical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Abraham
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Kalina R. Atanasova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Taylor J. Corcoran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Juan Piloto
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S&N 5B4 Canada
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Keith P. Choe
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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5
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Xin DE, Liao Y, Rao R, Ogurek S, Sengupta S, Xin M, Bayat AE, Seibel WL, Graham RT, Koschmann C, Lu QR. Chaetocin-mediated SUV39H1 inhibition targets stemness and oncogenic networks of diffuse midline gliomas and synergizes with ONC201. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:735-748. [PMID: 38011799 PMCID: PMC10995509 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG/DMG) are devastating pediatric brain tumors with extraordinarily limited treatment options and uniformly fatal prognosis. Histone H3K27M mutation is a common recurrent alteration in DIPG and disrupts epigenetic regulation. We hypothesize that genome-wide H3K27M-induced epigenetic dysregulation makes tumors vulnerable to epigenetic targeting. METHODS We performed a screen of compounds targeting epigenetic enzymes to identify potential inhibitors for the growth of patient-derived DIPG cells. We further carried out transcriptomic and genomic landscape profiling including RNA-seq and CUT&RUN-seq as well as shRNA-mediated knockdown to assess the effects of chaetocin and SUV39H1, a target of chaetocin, on DIPG growth. RESULTS High-throughput small-molecule screening identified an epigenetic compound chaetocin as a potent blocker of DIPG cell growth. Chaetocin treatment selectively decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of DIPG cells and significantly extended survival in DIPG xenograft models, while restoring H3K27me3 levels. Moreover, the loss of H3K9 methyltransferase SUV39H1 inhibited DIPG cell growth. Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling indicated that SUV39H1 loss or inhibition led to the downregulation of stemness and oncogenic networks including growth factor receptor signaling and stemness-related programs; however, D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) signaling adaptively underwent compensatory upregulation conferring resistance. Consistently, a combination of chaetocin treatment with a DRD2 antagonist ONC201 synergistically increased the antitumor efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal a therapeutic vulnerability of DIPG cells through targeting the SUV39H1-H3K9me3 pathway and compensatory signaling loops for treating this devastating disease. Combining SUV39H1-targeting chaetocin with other agents such as ONC201 may offer a new strategy for effective DIPG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhuan Eric Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sean Ogurek
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Arman Esshaghi Bayat
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - William L Seibel
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard T Graham
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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6
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Reyser T, Paloque L, Augereau JM, Di Stefano L, Benoit-Vical F. Epigenetic regulation as a therapeutic target in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 2024; 23:44. [PMID: 38347549 PMCID: PMC10863139 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past thirty years, epigenetic regulation of gene expression has gained increasing interest as it was shown to be implicated in illnesses ranging from cancers to parasitic diseases. In the malaria parasite, epigenetics was shown to be involved in several key steps of the complex life cycle of Plasmodium, among which asexual development and sexual commitment, but also in major biological processes like immune evasion, response to environmental changes or DNA repair. Because epigenetics plays such paramount roles in the Plasmodium parasite, enzymes involved in these regulating pathways represent a reservoir of potential therapeutic targets. This review focuses on epigenetic regulatory processes and their effectors in the malaria parasite, as well as the inhibitors of epigenetic pathways and their potential as new anti-malarial drugs. Such types of drugs could be formidable tools that may contribute to malaria eradication in a context of widespread resistance to conventional anti-malarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Reyser
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, Team "New Antiplasmodial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches", Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Paloque
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, Team "New Antiplasmodial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches", Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Augereau
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, Team "New Antiplasmodial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches", Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Luisa Di Stefano
- MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, Team "New Antiplasmodial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches", Toulouse, France.
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Kalita B, Sahu S, Bharadwaj A, Panneerselvam L, Martinez-Cebrian G, Agarwal M, Mathew SJ. The Wnt-pathway corepressor TLE3 interacts with the histone methyltransferase KMT1A to inhibit differentiation in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene 2024; 43:524-538. [PMID: 38177411 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells resemble differentiating skeletal muscle cells, which unlike normal muscle cells, fail to undergo terminal differentiation, underlying their proliferative and metastatic properties. We identify the corepressor TLE3 as a key regulator of rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis by inhibiting the Wnt-pathway. Loss of TLE3 function leads to Wnt-pathway activation, reduced proliferation, decreased migration, and enhanced differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Muscle-specific TLE3-knockout results in enhanced expression of terminal myogenic differentiation markers during normal mouse development. TLE3-knockout rhabdomyosarcoma cell xenografts result in significantly smaller tumors characterized by reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis and enhanced differentiation. We demonstrate that TLE3 interacts with and recruits the histone methyltransferase KMT1A, leading to repression of target gene activation and inhibition of differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma. A combination drug therapy regime to promote Wnt-pathway activation by the small molecule BIO and inhibit KMT1A by the drug chaetocin led to significantly reduced tumor volume, decreased proliferation, increased expression of differentiation markers and increased survival in rhabdomyosarcoma tumor-bearing mice. Thus, TLE3, the Wnt-pathway and KMT1A are excellent drug targets which can be exploited for treating rhabdomyosarcoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Subhashni Sahu
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Anushree Bharadwaj
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Lakshmikanthan Panneerselvam
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Megha Agarwal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
- Affiliated to Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sam J Mathew
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB) NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.
- Affiliated to Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Goher SS, Abdrabo WS, Veerakanellore GB, Elgendy B. 2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs): Promising Scaffolds for Anticancer Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:597-623. [PMID: 38343054 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128291798240201112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
2,5-Diketopiperazine (2,5-DKP) derivatives represent a family of secondary metabolites widely produced by bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and marine organisms. Many natural products with DKP scaffolds exhibited various pharmacological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor. 2,5-DKPs are recognized as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry, and compounds that incorporate the 2,5-DKP scaffold have been extensively investigated for their anticancer properties. This review is a thorough update on the anti-cancer activity of natural and synthesized 2,5-DKPs from 1997 to 2022. We have explored various aspects of 2,5-DKPs modifications and summarized their structure-activity relationships (SARs) to gain insight into their anticancer activities. We have also highlighted the novel approaches to enhance the specificity and pharmacokinetics of 2,5-DKP-based anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa S Goher
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Suez Desert Road, El Sherouk City, Cairo 1183, Egypt
| | - Wessam S Abdrabo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Giri Babu Veerakanellore
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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9
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Reyser T, Paloque L, Nguyen M, Augereau JM, Fuchter MJ, Lopez M, Arimondo PB, Hassell-Hart S, Spencer J, Di Stefano L, Benoit-Vical F. Epidrugs as Promising Tools to Eliminate Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin-Resistant and Quiescent Parasites. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2440. [PMID: 37896200 PMCID: PMC10610379 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of artemisinin and its derivatives has helped reduce the burden of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. However, artemisinin-resistant parasites are able, in the presence of artemisinins, to stop their cell cycles. This quiescent state can alter the activity of artemisinin partner drugs leading to a secondary drug resistance and thus threatens malaria eradication strategies. Drugs targeting epigenetic mechanisms (namely epidrugs) are emerging as potential antimalarial drugs. Here, we set out to evaluate a selection of various epidrugs for their activity against quiescent parasites, to explore the possibility of using these compounds to counter artemisinin resistance. The 32 chosen epidrugs were first screened for their antiplasmodial activity and selectivity. We then demonstrated, thanks to the specific Quiescent-stage Survival Assay, that four epidrugs targeting both histone methylation or deacetylation as well as DNA methylation decrease the ability of artemisinin-resistant parasites to recover after artemisinin exposure. In the quest for novel antiplasmodial drugs with new modes of action, these results reinforce the therapeutic potential of epidrugs as antiplasmodial drugs especially in the context of artemisinin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Reyser
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
- MAAP, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, Inserm ERL 1289, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Paloque
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
- MAAP, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, Inserm ERL 1289, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Nguyen
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
- MAAP, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, Inserm ERL 1289, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Augereau
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
- MAAP, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, Inserm ERL 1289, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Matthew John Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM UMR 5247, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris-Cité, UMR 3523 CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Luisa Di Stefano
- MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
- MAAP, New Antimalarial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches, Inserm ERL 1289, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
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10
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Egbuna C, Patrick‐Iwuanyanwu KC, Onyeike EN, Khan J, Palai S, Patel SB, Parmar VK, Kushwaha G, Singh O, Jeevanandam J, Kumarasamy S, Uche CZ, Narayanan M, Rudrapal M, Odoh U, Chikeokwu I, Găman M, Saravanan K, Ifemeje JC, Ezzat SM, Olisah MC, Chikwendu CJ, Adedokun KA, Imodoye SO, Bello IO, Twinomuhwezi H, Awuchi CG. Phytochemicals and bioactive compounds effective against acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4191-4210. [PMID: 37457145 PMCID: PMC10345688 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review identified various bioactive compounds which have the potential to serve as novel drugs or leads against acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the dysregulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. The risk factors associated with the onset of AML include long-term exposure to radiation and chemicals such as benzene, smoking, genetic disorders, blood disorders, advancement in age, and others. Although novel strategies to manage AML, including a refinement of the conventional chemotherapy regimens, hypomethylating agents, and molecular targeted drugs, have been developed in recent years, resistance and relapse remain the main clinical problems. In this study, three databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched to identify various bioactive compounds with antileukemic properties. A total of 518 articles were identified, out of which 59 were viewed as eligible for the current report. From the data extracted, over 60 bioactive compounds were identified and divided into five major groups: flavonoids, alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, terpenes, and terpenoids, and other known and emerging bioactive compounds. The mechanism of actions of the analyzed individual bioactive molecules differs remarkably and includes disrupting chromatin structure, upregulating the synthesis of certain DNA repair proteins, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibiting/regulating Hsp90 activities, DNA methyltransferase 1, and histone deacetylase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE‐PUTOR)University of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural SciencesChukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu UniversityAnambraNigeria
| | - Kingsley C. Patrick‐Iwuanyanwu
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE‐PUTOR)University of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
| | - Eugene N. Onyeike
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE‐PUTOR)University of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl MajmaahSaudi Arabia
| | - Santwana Palai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal HusbandryOUATOdishaBhubaneswarIndia
| | - Sandip B. Patel
- Department of PharmacologyL.M. College of Pharmacy, NavrangpuraAhmedabadIndia
| | | | - Garima Kushwaha
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeIndia
| | - Omkar Singh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM—Centro de Química da MadeiraUniversidade da Madeira, Campus da PenteadaFunchalPortugal
| | | | - Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNsukkaNigeria
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and InnovationDepartment of Biotecnology, Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATSTamil NaduChennaiIndia
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesVignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & ResearchGunturIndia
| | - Uchenna Odoh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria
| | - Ikenna Chikeokwu
- Department of PharmacognosyEnugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT)Agbani Enugu StateEnuguNigeria
| | - Mihnea‐Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharestRomania
- Department of HematologyCenter of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationBucharestRomania
| | - Kaliyaperumal Saravanan
- PG and Research Department of ZoologyNehru Memorial College (Autonomous), Puthanampatti (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University)Tamil NaduTiruchirappalliIndia
| | - Jonathan C. Ifemeje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural SciencesChukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu UniversityAnambraNigeria
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of PharmacyOctober University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA)GizaEgypt
| | - Michael C. Olisah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli CampusAnambraNigeria
| | - Chukwudi Jude Chikwendu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural SciencesChukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu UniversityAnambraNigeria
| | - Kamoru A. Adedokun
- Department of ImmunologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterNew YorkBuffaloUSA
| | - Sikiru O. Imodoye
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahUtahSalt Lake CityUSA
| | - Ibrahim O. Bello
- Department of Biological SciencesSouthern Illinois University EdwardsvilleIllinoisEdwardsvilleUSA
| | - Hannington Twinomuhwezi
- Department of ChemistryKyambogo University, KyambogoKampalaUganda
- School of Natural and Applied SciencesKampala International UniversityKampalaUganda
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11
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Karaman EF, Abudayyak M, Ozden S. The role of chromatin-modifying enzymes and histone modifications in the modulation of p16 gene in fumonisin B 1-induced toxicity in human kidney cells. Mycotoxin Res 2023:10.1007/s12550-023-00494-2. [PMID: 37328702 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) poses a risk to animal and human health. Although the effects of FB1 on sphingolipid metabolism are well documented, there are limited studies covering the epigenetic modifications and early molecular alterations associated with carcinogenesis pathways caused by FB1 nephrotoxicity. The present study investigates the effects of FB1 on global DNA methylation, chromatin-modifying enzymes, and histone modification levels of the p16 gene in human kidney cells (HK-2) after 24 h exposure. An increase (2.23-fold) in the levels of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) at 100 µmol/L was observed, a change independent from the decrease in gene expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) at 50 and 100 µmol/L; however, DNMT3a and DNMT3b were significantly upregulated at 100 µmol/L of FB1. Dose-dependent downregulation of chromatin-modifying genes was observed after FB1 exposure. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that 10 µmol/L of FB1 induced a significant decrease in H3K9ac, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 modifications of p16, while 100 µmol/L of FB1 caused a significant increase in H3K27me3 levels of p16. Taken together, the results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms might play a role in FB1 carcinogenesis through DNA methylation, and histone and chromatin modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, 34010, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Wang L, Jiang Q, Chen S, Wang S, Lu J, Gao X, Zhang D, Jin X. Natural epidithiodiketopiperazine alkaloids as potential anticancer agents: Recent mechanisms of action, structural modification, and synthetic strategies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106642. [PMID: 37276722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a grave health crisis that threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide. Because of the drawbacks of the available anticancer drugs, the development of novel and efficient anticancer agents should be encouraged. Epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids with a 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) ring equipped with transannular disulfide or polysulfide bridges or S-methyl moieties constitute a special subclass of fungal natural products. Owing to their privileged sulfur units and intriguing architectural structures, ETP alkaloids exhibit excellent anticancer activities by regulating multiple cancer proteins/signaling pathways, including HIF-1, NF-κB, NOTCH, Wnt, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, or by inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, a series of ETP alkaloid derivatives obtained via structural modification showed more potent anticancer activity than natural ETP alkaloids. To solve supply difficulties from natural resources, the total synthetic routes for several ETP alkaloids have been designed. In this review, we summarized several ETP alkaloids with anticancer properties with particular emphasis on their underlying mechanisms of action, structural modifications, and synthetic strategies, which will offer guidance to design and innovate potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- China Medical University-Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Institute Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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13
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Agrawal-Singh S, Bagri J, Giotopoulos G, Azazi DMA, Horton SJ, Lopez CK, Anand S, Bach AS, Stedham F, Antrobus R, Houghton JW, Vassiliou GS, Sasca D, Yun H, Whetton AD, Huntly BJP. HOXA9 forms a repressive complex with nuclear matrix-associated protein SAFB to maintain acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2023; 141:1737-1754. [PMID: 36577137 PMCID: PMC10113176 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA9 is commonly upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in which it confers a poor prognosis. Characterizing the protein interactome of endogenous HOXA9 in human AML, we identified a chromatin complex of HOXA9 with the nuclear matrix attachment protein SAFB. SAFB perturbation phenocopied HOXA9 knockout to decrease AML proliferation, increase differentiation and apoptosis in vitro, and prolong survival in vivo. Integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses further demonstrated that the HOXA9-SAFB (H9SB)-chromatin complex associates with nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) and HP1γ to repress the expression of factors associated with differentiation and apoptosis, including NOTCH1, CEBPδ, S100A8, and CDKN1A. Chemical or genetic perturbation of NuRD and HP1γ-associated catalytic activity also triggered differentiation, apoptosis, and the induction of these tumor-suppressive genes. Importantly, this mechanism is operative in other HOXA9-dependent AML genotypes. This mechanistic insight demonstrates the active HOXA9-dependent differentiation block as a potent mechanism of disease maintenance in AML that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention by targeting the H9SB interface and/or NuRD and HP1γ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Agrawal-Singh
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jaana Bagri
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George Giotopoulos
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dhoyazan M A Azazi
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Horton
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile K Lopez
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shubha Anand
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Sophie Bach
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Stedham
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jack W Houghton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Sasca
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Haiyang Yun
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Targeting epigenetic regulation for cancer therapy using small molecule inhibitors. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:73-161. [PMID: 36990539 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display pervasive changes in DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of histone posttranslational modification, chromatin composition or organization and regulatory element activities that alter normal programs of gene expression. It is becoming increasingly clear that disturbances in the epigenome are hallmarks of cancer, which are targetable and represent attractive starting points for drug creation. Remarkable progress has been made in the past decades in discovering and developing epigenetic-based small molecule inhibitors. Recently, epigenetic-targeted agents in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been identified and these agents are either in current clinical trials or approved for treatment. However, epigenetic drug applications face many challenges, including low selectivity, poor bioavailability, instability and acquired drug resistance. New multidisciplinary approaches are being designed to overcome these limitations, e.g., applications of machine learning, drug repurposing, high throughput virtual screening technologies, to identify selective compounds with improved stability and better bioavailability. We provide an overview of the key proteins that mediate epigenetic regulation that encompass histone and DNA modifications and discuss effector proteins that affect the organization of chromatin structure and function as well as presently available inhibitors as potential drugs. Current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes that have been approved by therapeutic regulatory authorities across the world are highlighted. Many of these are in different stages of clinical evaluation. We also assess emerging strategies for combinatorial approaches of epigenetic drugs with immunotherapy, standard chemotherapy or other classes of agents and advances in the design of novel epigenetic therapies.
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15
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Chaetocin attenuates atherosclerosis progression and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1270-1282. [PMID: 35428928 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the effect of chaetocin on atherosclerosis and its possible mechanism. In vitro, we observed that chaetocin treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs in concentration- and time-dependent manner. We also found that chaetocin suppressed the migration of VSMCs. Moreover, chaetocin treatment induced a contractile phenotype in VSMCs by increasing α-SMA and SM22α expression. In addition, chaetocin treatment attenuated the accumulation of H3K9me3 on VSMCs contractile gene promoters, which promoted the expression of α-SMA and SM22α. In vivo, chaetocin treatment decreased the H3K9me3 expression, diminished atherosclerotic plaque formation, and increased plaque stability by decreasing necrotic core area and lipid accumulation and increasing collagen content and contractile VSMC phenotype. We demonstrated a new function of chaetocin in inhibiting atherosclerosis progression and increasing plaque stability partly by inhibiting pathological phenotypic switching of VSMCs. These newly identified roles of chaetocin might provide a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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16
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Markouli M, Strepkos D, Piperi C. Impact of Histone Modifications and Their Therapeutic Targeting in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13657. [PMID: 36362442 PMCID: PMC9654260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by complex pathogenetic mechanisms. The abnormal regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and specifically, histone modifications, has been demonstrated to play a central role in hematological cancer pathogenesis and progression. A variety of epigenetic enzymes that affect the state of histones have been detected as deregulated, being either over- or underexpressed, which induces changes in chromatin compaction and, subsequently, affects gene expression. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics have revealed novel therapeutic targets, with many epigenetic drugs being investigated in clinical trials. The present review focuses on the biological impact of histone modifications in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, describing a wide range of therapeutic agents that have been discovered to target these alterations and are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (D.S.)
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17
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Hansen AM, Ge Y, Schuster MB, Pundhir S, Jakobsen JS, Kalvisa A, Tapia MC, Gordon S, Ambri F, Bagger FO, Pandey D, Helin K, Porse BT. H3K9 dimethylation safeguards cancer cells against activation of the interferon pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabf8627. [PMID: 35302840 PMCID: PMC8932663 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Activation of interferon genes constitutes an important anticancer pathway able to restrict proliferation of cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that the H3K9me3 histone methyltransferase (HMT) suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) is required for the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and find that its loss leads to activation of the interferon pathway. Mechanistically, we show that this occurs via destabilization of a complex composed of SUV39H1 and the two H3K9me2 HMTs, G9A and GLP. Indeed, loss of H3K9me2 correlated with the activation of key interferon pathway genes, and interference with the activities of G9A/GLP largely phenocopied loss of SUV39H1. Last, we demonstrate that inhibition of G9A/GLP synergized with DNA demethylating agents and that SUV39H1 constitutes a potential biomarker for the response to hypomethylation treatment. Collectively, we uncovered a clinically relevant role for H3K9me2 in safeguarding cancer cells against activation of the interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Meldgaard Hansen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Ge
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bruhn Schuster
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sachin Pundhir
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janus Schou Jakobsen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrija Kalvisa
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Cecylia Tapia
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Gordon
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesca Ambri
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Otzen Bagger
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Deo Pandey
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, NO-0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Torben Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Guerra MV, Cáceres MI, Herrera-Soto A, Arredondo SB, Varas-Godoy M, van Zundert B, Varela-Nallar L. H3K9 Methyltransferases Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 Control the Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells in the Adult Hippocampus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:778345. [PMID: 35096813 PMCID: PMC8791356 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus new neurons are generated from neural precursor cells through different stages including proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells and maturation of newborn neurons. These stages are controlled by the expression of specific transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms, which together orchestrate the progression of the neurogenic process. However, little is known about the involvement of histone posttranslational modifications, a crucial epigenetic mechanism in embryonic neurogenesis that regulates fate commitment and neuronal differentiation. During embryonic development, the repressive modification trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me3) contributes to the cellular identity of different cell-types. However, the role of this modification and its H3K9 methyltransferases has not been elucidated in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We determined that during the stages of neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus and in cultured adult hippocampal progenitors (AHPs), there was a dynamic change in the expression and distribution of H3K9me3, being enriched at early stages of the neurogenic process. A similar pattern was observed in the hippocampus for the dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2), another repressive modification. Among H3K9 methyltransferases, the enzymes Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 exhibited high levels of expression at early stages of neurogenesis and their expression decreased upon differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of these enzymes by chaetocin in AHPs reduced H3K9me3 and concomitantly decreased neuronal differentiation while increasing proliferation. Moreover, Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 knockdown in newborn cells of the adult mouse dentate gyrus by retrovirus-mediated RNA interference impaired neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells. Our results indicate that H3K9me3 and H3K9 methyltransferases Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 are critically involved in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by controlling the differentiation of neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel V Guerra
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías I Cáceres
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Herrera-Soto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián B Arredondo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Fernández-Serrano M, Winkler R, Santos JC, Le Pannérer MM, Buschbeck M, Roué G. Histone Modifications and Their Targeting in Lymphoid Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:253. [PMID: 35008680 PMCID: PMC8745418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a wide range of lymphoid neoplasms, the process of malignant transformation is associated with somatic mutations in B cells that affect the epigenetic machinery. Consequential alterations in histone modifications contribute to disease-specific changes in the transcriptional program. Affected genes commonly play important roles in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis-inducing signal transduction, and DNA damage response, thus facilitating the emergence of malignant traits that impair immune surveillance and favor the emergence of different B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the last two decades, the field has made a major effort to develop therapies that target these epigenetic alterations. In this review, we discuss which epigenetic alterations occur in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, we aim to present in a close to comprehensive manner the current state-of-the-art in the preclinical and clinical development of epigenetic drugs. We focus on therapeutic strategies interfering with histone methylation and acetylation as these are most advanced in being deployed from the bench-to-bedside and have the greatest potential to improve the prognosis of lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Fernández-Serrano
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Winkler
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
| | - Juliana C. Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Marguerite-Marie Le Pannérer
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
- Program of Personalized and Predictive Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Paredes R, Doleschall N, Connors K, Geary B, Meyer S. EVI1 protein interaction dynamics: targetable for therapeutic intervention? Exp Hematol 2021; 107:1-8. [PMID: 34958895 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.12.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
High expression of the transcriptional regulator EVI1 encoded at the MECOM locus at 3q26 is one of the most aggressive oncogenic drivers in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and carries a very poor prognosis. How EVI1 confers leukaemic transformation and chemotherapy resistance in AML is subject to important ongoing clinical and experimental studies. Recent discoveries have revealed critical details about genetic mechanisms of the activation of EVI1 overexpression and downstream events of aberrantly high EVI1 expression. Here we review and discuss aspects concerning the protein interactions of EVI1 and the related proteins MDS-EVI1 and ΔEVI1 from the perspective of their potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paredes
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester
| | - Nora Doleschall
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester
| | - Kathleen Connors
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester
| | - Bethany Geary
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital; Young Oncology Unit, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust.
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21
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Wang H, Wen C, Chen S, Li W, Qin Q, He L, Wang F, Chen J, Ye W, Li W, Peng J, Yang X, Liu H. ROS/JNK/C-Jun Pathway is Involved in Chaetocin Induced Colorectal Cancer Cells Apoptosis and Macrophage Phagocytosis Enhancement. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729367. [PMID: 34776955 PMCID: PMC8578663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel agents for colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the increasing number of cases and drug-resistance related to current treatments. In this study, we aim to uncover the potential of chaetocin, a natural product, as a chemotherapeutic for CRC treatment. We showed that, regardless of 5-FU-resistance, chaetocin induced proliferation inhibition by causing G2/M phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in CRC cells. Mechanically, our results indicated that chaetocin could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun pathway in CRC cells. This was confirmed by which the JNK inhibitor SP600125 partially rescued CRC cells from chaetocin induced apoptosis and the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reversed both the chaetocin induced apoptosis and the JNK/c-Jun pathway activation. Additionally, this study indicated that chaetocin could down-regulate the expression of CD47 at both mRNA and protein levels, and enhance macrophages phagocytosis of CRC cells. Chaetocin also inhibited tumor growth in CRC xenograft models. In all, our study reveals that chaetocin induces CRC cell apoptosis, irrelevant to 5-FU sensitivity, by causing ROS accumulation and activating JNK/c-Jun, and enhances macrophages phagocytosis, which suggests chaetocin as a candidate for CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Ye
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Jiang H, Li Y, Xiang X, Tang Z, Liu K, Su Q, Zhang X, Li L. Chaetocin: A review of its anticancer potentials and mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174459. [PMID: 34464601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chaetocin is a natural metabolite product with various biological activities and pharmacological functions isolated from Chaetomium species fungi belonging to the thiodiketopyrazines. Numerous studies have demonstrated a wide range of antitumor activities of chaetocin in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have demonstrated that chaetocin suppresses the growth and proliferation of various tumour cells by regulating multiple signalling pathways related to tumour initiation and progression, inducing cancer cell apoptosis (intrinsic and extrinsic), enhancing autophagy, inducing cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting tumour angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. The antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of chaetocin are reviewed and analysed in this paper, and the prospective applications of chaetocin in cancer prevention and therapy are also discussed. This review aimed to summarize the recent advances in the antitumor activity of chaetocin and to provide a rationale for further exploring the potential application of chaetocin in overcoming cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaocong Xiang
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhili Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Bojarska J, Mieczkowski A, Ziora ZM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I, Shalash AO, Parang K, El-Mowafi SA, Mohammed EHM, Elnagdy S, AlKhazindar M, Wolf WM. Cyclic Dipeptides: The Biological and Structural Landscape with Special Focus on the Anti-Cancer Proline-Based Scaffold. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 34680148 PMCID: PMC8533947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides, also know as diketopiperazines (DKP), the simplest cyclic forms of peptides widespread in nature, are unsurpassed in their structural and bio-functional diversity. DKPs, especially those containing proline, due to their unique features such as, inter alia, extra-rigid conformation, high resistance to enzyme degradation, increased cell permeability, and expandable ability to bind a diverse of targets with better affinity, have emerged in the last years as biologically pre-validated platforms for the drug discovery. Recent advances have revealed their enormous potential in the development of next-generation theranostics, smart delivery systems, and biomaterials. Here, we present an updated review on the biological and structural profile of these appealing biomolecules, with a particular emphasis on those with anticancer properties, since cancers are the main cause of death all over the world. Additionally, we provide a consideration on supramolecular structuring and synthons, based on the proline-based DKP privileged scaffold, for inspiration in the design of compound libraries in search of ideal ligands, innovative self-assembled nanomaterials, and bio-functional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Shaima A. El-Mowafi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Eman H. M. Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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24
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Yang Y, Luan Y, Yuan RX, Luan Y. Histone Methylation Related Therapeutic Challenge in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:710053. [PMID: 34568453 PMCID: PMC8458636 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.710053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is predicted to spread rapidly in advanced countries accompanied by the high prevalence of risk factors. In terms of pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of CVDs is featured by multiple disorders, including vascular inflammation accompanied by simultaneously perturbed pathways, such as cell death and acute/chronic inflammatory reactions. Epigenetic alteration is involved in the regulation of genome stabilization and cellular homeostasis. The association between CVD progression and histone modifications is widely known. Among the histone modifications, histone methylation is a reversible process involved in the development and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Abnormal methylation can promote CVD progression. This review discusses histone methylation and the enzymes involved in the cardiovascular system and determine the effects of histone methyltransferases and demethylases on the pathogenesis of CVDs. We will further demonstrate key proteins mediated by histone methylation in blood vessels and review histone methylation-mediated cardiomyocytes and cellular functions and pathways in CVDs. Finally, we will summarize the role of inhibitors of histone methylation and demethylation in CVDs and analyze their therapeutic potential, based on previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Xia Yuan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Campillo-Marcos I, Monte-Serrano E, Navarro-Carrasco E, García-González R, Lazo PA. Lysine Methyltransferase Inhibitors Impair H4K20me2 and 53BP1 Foci in Response to DNA Damage in Sarcomas, a Synthetic Lethality Strategy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715126. [PMID: 34540832 PMCID: PMC8446283 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromatin is dynamically remodeled to adapt to all DNA-related processes, including DNA damage responses (DDR). This adaptation requires DNA and histone epigenetic modifications, which are mediated by several types of enzymes; among them are lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). Methods KMT inhibitors, chaetocin and tazemetostat (TZM), were used to study their role in the DDR induced by ionizing radiation or doxorubicin in two human sarcoma cells lines. The effect of these KMT inhibitors was tested by the analysis of chromatin epigenetic modifications, H4K16ac and H4K20me2. DDR was monitored by the formation of γH2AX, MDC1, NBS1 and 53BP1 foci, and the induction of apoptosis. Results Chaetocin and tazemetostat treatments caused a significant increase of H4K16 acetylation, associated with chromatin relaxation, and increased DNA damage, detected by the labeling of free DNA-ends. These inhibitors significantly reduced H4K20 dimethylation levels in response to DNA damage and impaired the recruitment of 53BP1, but not of MDC1 and NBS1, at DNA damaged sites. This modification of epigenetic marks prevents DNA repair by the NHEJ pathway and leads to cell death. Conclusion KMT inhibitors could function as sensitizers to DNA damage-based therapies and be used in novel synthetic lethality strategies for sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Campillo-Marcos
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Monte-Serrano
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Carrasco
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raúl García-González
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro A Lazo
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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26
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Histone Modifications in Stem Cell Development and Their Clinical Implications. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 15:1196-1205. [PMID: 33296672 PMCID: PMC7724464 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human stem cells bear a great potential for multiple therapeutic applications but at the same time constitute a major threat to human health in the form of cancer stem cells. The molecular processes that govern stem cell maintenance or differentiation have been extensively studied in model organisms or cell culture, but it has been difficult to extrapolate these insights to therapeutic applications. Recent advances in the field suggest that local and global changes in histone modifications that affect chromatin structure could influence the capability of cells to either maintain their stem cell identity or differentiate into specialized cell types. The enzymes that regulate these modifications are therefore among the prime targets for potential drugs that can influence and potentially improve the therapeutic application of stem cells. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of histone modifications in stem cell regulation and their potential implications for clinical applications.
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27
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Linn P, Kohno S, Sheng J, Kulathunga N, Yu H, Zhang Z, Voon D, Watanabe Y, Takahashi C. Targeting RB1 Loss in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153737. [PMID: 34359636 PMCID: PMC8345210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Irreversible defects in RB1 tumor suppressor functions often predict poor outcomes in cancer patients. However, the RB1-defecient status can be a benefit as well for them, as it generates a variety of vulnerabilities induced through the upregulation of RB1 targets, relief from functional restrictions due to RB1 binding, presence of genes whose inactivation cause synthetic lethality with RB1 loss, or collateral synthetic lethality owing to simultaneous loss of neighboring genes. Abstract Retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1) is encoded by a tumor suppressor gene that was discovered more than 30 years ago. Almost all mitogenic signals promote cell cycle progression by braking on the function of RB1 protein through mono- and subsequent hyper-phosphorylation mediated by cyclin-CDK complexes. The loss of RB1 function drives tumorigenesis in limited types of malignancies including retinoblastoma and small cell lung cancer. In a majority of human cancers, RB1 function is suppressed during tumor progression through various mechanisms. The latter gives rise to the acquisition of various phenotypes that confer malignant progression. The RB1-targeted molecules involved in such phenotypic changes are good quarries for cancer therapy. Indeed, a variety of novel therapies have been proposed to target RB1 loss. In particular, the inhibition of a number of mitotic kinases appeared to be synthetic lethal with RB1 deficiency. A recent study focusing on a neighboring gene that is often collaterally deleted together with RB1 revealed a pharmacologically targetable vulnerability in RB1-deficient cancers. Here we summarize current understanding on possible therapeutic approaches targeting functional or genomic aberration of RB1 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paing Linn
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jindan Sheng
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Nilakshi Kulathunga
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Dominic Voon
- Institute of Frontier Sciences Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | | | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (P.L.); (S.K.); (J.S.); (N.K.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-264-6750; Fax: +81-76-234-4521
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28
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Kringel D, Malkusch S, Lötsch J. Drugs and Epigenetic Molecular Functions. A Pharmacological Data Scientometric Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7250. [PMID: 34298869 PMCID: PMC8311652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of drugs with the classical epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation or histone modification are increasingly being elucidated mechanistically and used to develop novel classes of epigenetic therapeutics. A data science approach is used to synthesize current knowledge on the pharmacological implications of epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Computer-aided knowledge discovery for epigenetic implications of current approved or investigational drugs was performed by querying information from multiple publicly available gold-standard sources to (i) identify enzymes involved in classical epigenetic processes, (ii) screen original biomedical scientific publications including bibliometric analyses, (iii) identify drugs that interact with epigenetic enzymes, including their additional non-epigenetic targets, and (iv) analyze computational functional genomics of drugs with epigenetic interactions. PubMed database search yielded 3051 hits on epigenetics and drugs, starting in 1992 and peaking in 2016. Annual citations increased to a plateau in 2000 and show a downward trend since 2008. Approved and investigational drugs in the DrugBank database included 122 compounds that interacted with 68 unique epigenetic enzymes. Additional molecular functions modulated by these drugs included other enzyme interactions, whereas modulation of ion channels or G-protein-coupled receptors were underrepresented. Epigenetic interactions included (i) drug-induced modulation of DNA methylation, (ii) drug-induced modulation of histone conformations, and (iii) epigenetic modulation of drug effects by interference with pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. Interactions of epigenetic molecular functions and drugs are mutual. Recent research activities on the discovery and development of novel epigenetic therapeutics have passed successfully, whereas epigenetic effects of non-epigenetic drugs or epigenetically induced changes in the targets of common drugs have not yet received the necessary systematic attention in the context of pharmacological plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Kringel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sebastian Malkusch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.K.); (S.M.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Li Y, Chen Z, Cao K, Zhang L, Ma Y, Yu S, Jin H, Liu X, Li W. G9a Regulates Cell Sensitivity to Radiotherapy via Histone H3 Lysine 9 Trimethylation and CCDC8 in Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3721-3728. [PMID: 34140780 PMCID: PMC8203200 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s296937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of G9a and CCDC8 in lung cancer radioresistance. Methods Western blotting assays were used for G9a, CCDC8, H3K9me3 expression detection. MTT assays and clone formation assays were used for measuring cell proliferation activities. Flow cytometry assays were used for cell apoptosis detection. The enrichment of H3K9me3 in CCDC8 promoter was measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results G9a and G9a-mediated H3K9me3 are upregulated in radioresistant lung cancer cells (A549/IR cell and XWLC-05/IR cell). Blocking G9a not only promotes radiosensitivity of A549/IR cell and XWLC-05/IR cell but also reduces aggressive behavior of radioresistant A549 cell/IR and XWLC-05/IR cell. In addition, G9a-controlled H3K9me3 is able to binding to the promoter of tumor suppressor gene CCDC8 and suppresses CCDC8 expression. CCDC8 dysregulation is responsible for G9a-mediated radioresistance of A549/IR cell and XWLC-05/IR cell. Conclusion G9a and H3K9me3 contribute to the lung cancer radioresistance via modulating CCDC8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfen Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Yunnan Boya Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Lizhu Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengting Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Jin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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Keenan CR. Heterochromatin and Polycomb as regulators of haematopoiesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:805-814. [PMID: 33929498 PMCID: PMC8106494 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is the process by which multipotent haematopoietic stem cells are transformed into each and every type of terminally differentiated blood cell. Epigenetic silencing is critical for this process by regulating the transcription of cell-cycle genes critical for self-renewal and differentiation, as well as restricting alternative fate genes to allow lineage commitment and appropriate differentiation. There are two distinct forms of transcriptionally repressed chromatin: H3K9me3-marked heterochromatin and H3K27me3/H2AK119ub1-marked Polycomb (often referred to as facultative heterochromatin). This review will discuss the role of these distinct epigenetic silencing mechanisms in regulating normal haematopoiesis, how these contribute to age-related haematopoietic dysfunction, and the rationale for therapeutic targeting of these pathways in the treatment of haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R. Keenan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Recent Advances in the Use of the Dimerization Strategy as a Means to Increase the Biological Potential of Natural or Synthetic Molecules. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082340. [PMID: 33920597 PMCID: PMC8073093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of C2-symmetric biologically active molecules is a subject of interest to the scientific community. It provides the possibility of discovering medicine with higher biological potential than the parent drugs. Such molecules are generally produced by classic chemistry, considering the shortness of reaction sequence and the efficacy for each step. This review describes and analyzes recent advances in the field and emphasizes selected C2-symmetric molecules (or axial symmetric molecules) made during the last 10 years. However, the description of the dimers is contextualized by prior work allowing its development, and they are categorized by their structure and/or by their properties. Hence, this review presents dimers composed of steroids, sugars, and nucleosides; known and synthetic anticancer agents; polyphenol compounds; terpenes, known and synthetic antibacterial agents; and natural products. A special focus on the anticancer potential of the dimers transpires throughout the review, notwithstanding their structure and/or primary biological properties.
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32
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Gene Transactivation and Transrepression in MYC-Driven Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073458. [PMID: 33801599 PMCID: PMC8037706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating a large number of genes involved in a plethora of cellular functions. Its deregulation results in activation of MYC gene expression and/or an increase in MYC protein stability. MYC overexpression is a hallmark of malignant growth, inducing self-renewal of stem cells and blocking senescence and cell differentiation. This review summarizes the latest advances in our understanding of MYC-mediated molecular mechanisms responsible for its oncogenic activity. Several recent findings indicate that MYC is a regulator of cancer genome and epigenome: MYC modulates expression of target genes in a site-specific manner, by recruiting chromatin remodeling co-factors at promoter regions, and at genome-wide level, by regulating the expression of several epigenetic modifiers that alter the entire chromatin structure. We also discuss novel emerging therapeutic strategies based on both direct modulation of MYC and its epigenetic cofactors.
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Oxidative Stress and ROS-Mediated Signaling in Leukemia: Novel Promising Perspectives to Eradicate Chemoresistant Cells in Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052470. [PMID: 33671113 PMCID: PMC7957553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid leukemic cells are intrinsically under oxidative stress due to impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, a common signature of several hematological malignancies. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of aberrant ROS production in myeloid leukemia cells as well as on the redox-dependent signaling pathways involved in the leukemogenic process. Finally, the relevance of new chemotherapy options that specifically exert their pharmacological activity by altering the cellular redox imbalance will be discussed as an effective strategy to eradicate chemoresistant cells.
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34
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Wang J, Yin X, He W, Xue W, Zhang J, Huang Y. SUV39H1 deficiency suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma growth by inducing ferroptosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:406-419. [PMID: 33643820 PMCID: PMC7893126 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common kidney malignancy characterized by a poor prognosis. Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1), which encodes a histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase, has been reported to act as an oncogene in many cancers. However, it is unclear whether SUV39H1 is involved in ccRCC. Here, we report that SUV39H1 expression is frequently upregulated in ccRCC tumors and is significantly correlated with ccRCC progression. SUV39H1 expression level is an independent risk factor for cancer prognosis, and integration with several known prognostic factors predicted ccRCC patient prognosis with improved accuracy than the conventional SSIGN (stage, size, grade and necrosis) prognostic model. Mechanistically, we discovered that siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of SUV39H1 induced iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, leading to ferroptosis that disrupted ccRCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We also show that SUV39H1 deficiency modulated the H3K9me3 status of the DPP4 (dipeptidyl-peptidase-4) gene promoter, resulting in upregulation of its expression that contributes to ferroptosis. Taken together, our findings provide the mechanistic insight into SUV39H1-dependent epigenetic control of ccRCC tumor growth and indicate that SUV39H1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaomao Yin
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Saha N, Muntean AG. Insight into the multi-faceted role of the SUV family of H3K9 methyltransferases in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188498. [PMID: 33373647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in tumorigenesis. The SUV family of H3K9 methyltransferases, which include G9a, GLP, SETDB1, SETDB2, SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 deposit H3K9me1/2/3 marks at euchromatic and heterochromatic regions, catalyzed by their conserved SET domain. In cancer, this family of enzymes can be deregulated by genomic alterations and transcriptional mis-expression leading to alteration of transcriptional programs. In solid and hematological malignancies, studies have uncovered pro-oncogenic roles for several H3K9 methyltransferases and accordingly, small molecule inhibitors are being tested as potential therapies. However, emerging evidence demonstrate onco-suppressive roles for these enzymes in cancer development as well. Here, we review the role H3K9 methyltransferases play in tumorigenesis focusing on gene targets and biological pathways affected due to misregulation of these enzymes. We also discuss molecular mechanisms regulating H3K9 methyltransferases and their influence on cancer. Finally, we describe the impact of H3K9 methylation on therapy induced resistance in carcinoma. Converging evidence point to multi-faceted roles for H3K9 methyltransferases in development and cancer that encourages a deeper understanding of these enzymes to inform novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Saha
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Andrew G Muntean
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America.
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Abstract
Cancer has traditionally been hailed a genetic disease, dictated by successive genetic aberrations which alter gene expression. Yet, recent advances in molecular sequencing technologies, enabling the characterisation of cancer patient phenotypes on a large scale, have highlighted epigenetic changes as a hallmark of cancer. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and demethylation and histone modifications, have been found to play a key role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of cancers through the regulation of chromatin state, gene expression and other nuclear events. Targeting epigenetic aberrations offers remarkable promise as a potential anti-cancer therapy given the reversible nature of epigenetic changes. Hence, epigenetic therapy has emerged as a rapidly advancing field of cancer research. A plethora of epigenetic therapies which inhibit enzymes of post-translational histone modifications, so-called 'writers', 'erasers' and 'readers', have been developed, with several epigenetic inhibitor agents approved for use in routine clinical practice. Epigenetic therapeutics inhibit the methylation or demethylation and acetylation or deacetylation of DNA and histone proteins. Their targets include writers (DNA methyltransferases [DNMT], histone acetyltransferases [HAT] and histone deacetylases [HDAC]) and erasers (histone demethylases [HDM] and histone methylases [HMT]). With new epigenetic mechanisms increasingly being elucidated, a vast array of targets and therapeutics have been brought to the fore. This review discusses recent advances in cancer epigenetics with a focus on molecular targets and mechanisms of action of epigenetic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hillyar
- Oncology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, GBR
| | - Kathrine S Rallis
- Oncology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, GBR
| | - Jajini Varghese
- Breast and Plastic Surgery, University College London Institute of Surgery and Interventional Science & Royal Free NHS Trust, London, GBR
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37
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SUV39H1 regulates the progression of MLL-AF9-induced acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2020; 39:7239-7252. [PMID: 33037410 PMCID: PMC7728597 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulations play crucial roles in leukemogenesis and leukemia progression. SUV39H1 is the dominant H3K9 methyltransferase in the hematopoietic system, and its expression declines with aging. However, the role of SUV39H1 via its-mediated repressive modification H3K9me3 in leukemogenesis/leukemia progression remains to be explored. We found that SUV39H1 was down-regulated in a variety of leukemias, including MLL-r AML, as compared with normal individuals. Decreased levels of Suv39h1 expression and genomic H3K9me3 occupancy were observed in LSCs from MLL-r-induced AML mouse models in comparison with that of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Suv39h1 overexpression increased leukemia latency and decreased the frequency of LSCs in MLL-r AML mouse models, while Suv39h1 knockdown accelerated disease progression with increased number of LSCs. Increased Suv39h1 expression led to the inactivation of Hoxb13 and Six1, as well as reversion of Hoxa9/Meis1 downstream target genes, which in turn decelerated leukemia progression. Interestingly, Hoxb13 expression is up-regulated in MLL-AF9-induced AML cells, while knockdown of Hoxb13 in MLL-AF9 leukemic cells significantly prolonged the survival of leukemic mice with reduced LSC frequencies. Our data revealed that SUV39H1 functions as a tumor suppressor in MLL-AF9-induced AML progression. These findings provide the direct link of SUV39H1 to AML development and progression.
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Damasceno Teixeira TV, Fry RC, McKinnon A, Fry KL, Kelly JM, Verma PJ, Burden C, Salamone DF, Gambini A. Targeting epigenetic nuclear reprogramming in aggregated cloned equine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1885-1893. [PMID: 31581975 DOI: 10.1071/rd19239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic perturbations during the reprogramming process have been described as the primary cause of the low efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this study, we tested three strategies targeting nuclear reprogramming to investigate effects on equine SCNT. First, we evaluated the effect of treating somatic cells with chetomin, a fungal secondary metabolite reported to inhibit the trimethylation on histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9 me3). Second, caffeine was added to the culture medium during the enucleation of oocytes and before activation of reconstructed embryos as a protein phosphatase inhibitor to improve nuclear reprogramming. Third, we tested the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) added during both activation and early embryo culture. Although none of these treatments significantly improved the developmental rates of the invitro aggregated cloned equine embryos, the first equine cloned foal born in Australia was produced with somatic cells treated with chetomin. The present study describes the use of chetomin, caffeine and TSA for the first time in horses, serving as a starting point for the establishment of future protocols to target epigenetic reprogramming for improving the efficiency of equine cloning. Cloning is an expensive and inefficient process, but has gained particular interest in the equine industry. In this study we explored different strategies to improve cloning efficiency and produced the first cloned foal born in Australia. Our data serve as a starting point for the establishment of future protocols for improving equine cloning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago V Damasceno Teixeira
- Laboratory of Animal and Meat Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard C Fry
- Laboratory of Animal and Meat Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Angus McKinnon
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, 905 Goulburn Valley Highway, Congupna, Victoria 3633, Australia
| | - Kerri L Fry
- Laboratory of Animal and Meat Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Kelly
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Turretfield Research Centre, Holland Road, Rosedale, 5350, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Verma
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Turretfield Research Centre, Holland Road, Rosedale, 5350, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chelsie Burden
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, 905 Goulburn Valley Highway, Congupna, Victoria 3633, Australia
| | - Daniel F Salamone
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gambini
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Corresponding author.
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Management of epigenomic networks entailed in coronavirus infections and COVID-19. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:118. [PMID: 32758273 PMCID: PMC7404079 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are highly diverse single-stranded RNA viruses owing to their susceptibility to numerous genomic mutations and recombination. Such viruses involve human and animal pathogens including the etiologic agents of acute respiratory tract illnesses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the highly morbific SARS-CoV-2. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging disease with a quick rise in infected cases and deaths, was recently identified causing a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 disease outcomes were found to increase in elderly and patients with a compromised immune system. Evidences indicated that the main culprit behind COVID-19 deaths is the cytokine storm, which is illustrated by an uncontrolled over-production of soluble markers of inflammation. The regulation process of coronavirus pathogenesis through molecular mechanism comprise virus-host interactions linked to viral entry, replication and transcription, escape, and immune system control. Recognizing coronavirus infections and COVID-19 through epigenetics lens will lead to potential alteration in gene expression thus limiting coronavirus infections. Focusing on epigenetic therapies reaching clinical trials, clinically approved epigenetic-targeted agents, and combination therapy of antivirals and epigenetic drugs is currently considered an effective and valuable approach for viral replication and inflammatory overdrive control.
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40
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Jeong PS, Sim BW, Park SH, Kim MJ, Kang HG, Nanjidsuren T, Lee S, Song BS, Koo DB, Kim SU. Chaetocin Improves Pig Cloning Efficiency by Enhancing Epigenetic Reprogramming and Autophagic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144836. [PMID: 32650566 PMCID: PMC7402317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient epigenetic reprogramming is crucial for the in vitro development of mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. The aberrant levels of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is an epigenetic barrier. In this study, we evaluated the effects of chaetocin, an H3K9me3-specific methyltransferase inhibitor, on the epigenetic reprogramming and developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos. The SCNT embryos showed abnormal levels of H3K9me3 at the pronuclear, two-cell, and four-cell stages compared to in vitro fertilized embryos. Moreover, the expression levels of H3K9me3-specific methyltransferases (suv39h1 and suv39h2) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) were higher in SCNT embryos. Treatment with 0.5 nM chaetocin for 24 h after activation significantly increased the developmental competence of SCNT embryos in terms of the cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate, hatching rate, cell number, expression of pluripotency-related genes, and cell survival rate. In particular, chaetocin enhanced epigenetic reprogramming by reducing the H3K9me3 and 5-methylcytosine levels and restoring the abnormal expression of H3K9me3-specific methyltransferases and DNA methyltransferases. Chaetocin induced autophagic activity, leading to a significant reduction in maternal mRNA levels in embryos at the pronuclear and two-cell stages. These findings revealed that chaetocin enhanced the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos by regulating epigenetic reprogramming and autophagic activity and so could be used to enhance the production of transgenic pigs for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Soo Jeong
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38453, Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Hyo-Gu Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Tsevelmaa Nanjidsuren
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38453, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-B.K.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea; (P.-S.J.); (B.-W.S.); (S.-H.P.); (M.J.K.); (H.-G.K.); (T.N.); (S.L.); (B.-S.S.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-B.K.); (S.-U.K.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6321 (S.-U.K.); Fax: +82-43-240-6309 (S.-U.K.)
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41
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Coetzee N, von Grüning H, Opperman D, van der Watt M, Reader J, Birkholtz LM. Epigenetic inhibitors target multiple stages of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2355. [PMID: 32047203 PMCID: PMC7012883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenome of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is associated with regulation of various essential processes in the parasite including control of proliferation during asexual development as well as control of sexual differentiation. The unusual nature of the epigenome has prompted investigations into the potential to target epigenetic modulators with novel chemotypes. Here, we explored the diversity within a library of 95 compounds, active against various epigenetic modifiers in cancerous cells, for activity against multiple stages of P. falciparum development. We show that P. falciparum is differentially susceptible to epigenetic perturbation during both asexual and sexual development, with early stage gametocytes particularly sensitive to epi-drugs targeting both histone and non-histone epigenetic modifiers. Moreover, 5 compounds targeting histone acetylation and methylation show potent multistage activity against asexual parasites, early and late stage gametocytes, with transmission-blocking potential. Overall, these results warrant further examination of the potential antimalarial properties of these hit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanika Coetzee
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Hilde von Grüning
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Daniel Opperman
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Mariette van der Watt
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Janette Reader
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marié Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
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42
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Yu C, Zhuang S. Histone Methyltransferases as Therapeutic Targets for Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1393. [PMID: 31866860 PMCID: PMC6908484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic regulation plays a vital role in gene expression under normal and pathological conditions. Alterations in the expression and activation of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) have been reported in preclinical models of multiple kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma. Pharmacological inhibition of these enzymes has shown promise in preclinical models of those renal diseases. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge regarding expression and activation of various HMTs and their functional roles in some kidney diseases. The preclinical activity of currently available HMT inhibitors and the mechanisms of their actions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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43
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Ozyerli-Goknar E, Sur-Erdem I, Seker F, Cingöz A, Kayabolen A, Kahya-Yesil Z, Uyulur F, Gezen M, Tolay N, Erman B, Gönen M, Dunford J, Oppermann U, Bagci-Onder T. The fungal metabolite chaetocin is a sensitizer for pro-apoptotic therapies in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:894. [PMID: 31772153 PMCID: PMC6879621 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite recent developments in surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy, a currently poor prognosis of GBM patients highlights an urgent need for novel treatment strategies. TRAIL (TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand) is a potent anti-cancer agent that can induce apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. GBM cells frequently develop resistance to TRAIL which renders clinical application of TRAIL therapeutics inefficient. In this study, we undertook a chemical screening approach using a library of epigenetic modifier drugs to identify compounds that could augment TRAIL response. We identified the fungal metabolite chaetocin, an inhibitor of histone methyl transferase SUV39H1, as a novel TRAIL sensitizer. Combining low subtoxic doses of chaetocin and TRAIL resulted in very potent and rapid apoptosis of GBM cells. Chaetocin also effectively sensitized GBM cells to further pro-apoptotic agents, such as FasL and BH3 mimetics. Chaetocin mediated apoptosis sensitization was achieved through ROS generation and consequent DNA damage induction that involved P53 activity. Chaetocin induced transcriptomic changes showed induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms and DNA damage response pathways. Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) was among the top upregulated genes, whose induction was ROS-dependent and HMOX1 depletion enhanced chaetocin mediated TRAIL sensitization. Finally, chaetocin and TRAIL combination treatment revealed efficacy in vivo. Taken together, our results provide a novel role for chaetocin as an apoptosis priming agent and its combination with pro-apoptotic therapies might offer new therapeutic approaches for GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozyerli-Goknar
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Sur-Erdem
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fidan Seker
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cingöz
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alisan Kayabolen
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kahya-Yesil
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fırat Uyulur
- Department of Computational Biology, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Gezen
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazife Tolay
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Batu Erman
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gönen
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - James Dunford
- Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- FRIAS, Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
Aim: The druggability of epigenetic targets has prompted researchers to develop small-molecule therapeutics. However, no systematic assessment has ever been done to investigate the chemical space of epigenetic modulators. Herein, we report a comprehensive chemoinformatic analysis of epigenetic ligands from EpiDBase, HEMD, ChEMBL and PubChem databases. Results: Nearly, 0.45 × 106 ligands were analyzed for assay interference compounds, target profiling, drug-like properties and hit prioritization. After eliminating approximately 96,000 problematic compounds, the remaining 0.36 × 106 compounds were studied for their physicochemical distributions, principal component analysis and hit prioritization. More than 30% of assay interference compounds were determined for many proteins. Conclusion: This systematic assessment of epigenetic ligands will help in the enrichment of screening libraries with high-quality compounds and thus, the generation of efficacious drug candidates.
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45
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Wen C, Wang H, Wu X, He L, Zhou Q, Wang F, Chen S, Huang L, Chen J, Wang H, Ye W, Li W, Yang X, Liu H, Peng J. ROS-mediated inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is involved in the antigastric cancer effects of thioredoxin reductase-1 inhibitor chaetocin. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:809. [PMID: 31649256 PMCID: PMC6813365 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel drugs are urgently needed for gastric cancer (GC) treatment. The thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (TRX-TRXR) system has been found to play a critical role in GC tumorigenesis and progression. Thus, agents that target the TRX-TRXR system may be highly efficacious as GC treatments. In this study, we showed that chaetocin, a natural product isolated from the Chaetomium species of fungi, inhibited proliferation, induced G2/M phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo models (cell xenografts and patient-derived xenografts) of GC. Chaetocin inactivated TRXR-1, resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GC cells; overexpression of TRX-1 as well as cotreatment of GC cells with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine attenuated chaetocin-induced apoptosis; chaetocin-induced apoptosis was significantly increased when GC cells were cotreated with auranofin. Moreover, chaetocin was shown to inactivate the PI3K/AKT pathway by inducing ROS generation; AKT-1 overexpression also attenuated chaetocin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results reveal that chaetocin induces the excessive accumulation of ROS via inhibition of TRXR-1. This is followed by PI3K/AKT pathway inactivation, which ultimately inhibits proliferation and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in GC cells. Chaetocin therefore may be a potential agent for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huashe Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibiao Ye
- Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junsheng Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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46
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Gomes NGM, Pereira RB, Andrade PB, Valentão P. Double the Chemistry, Double the Fun: Structural Diversity and Biological Activity of Marine-Derived Diketopiperazine Dimers. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100551. [PMID: 31569621 PMCID: PMC6835637 DOI: 10.3390/md17100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While several marine natural products bearing the 2,5-diketopiperazine ring have been reported to date, the unique chemistry of dimeric frameworks appears to remain neglected. Frequently reported from marine-derived strains of fungi, many naturally occurring diketopiperazine dimers have been shown to display a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, particularly within the field of cancer and antimicrobial therapy. While their structures illustrate the unmatched power of marine biosynthetic machinery, often exhibiting unsymmetrical connections with rare linkage frameworks, enhanced binding ability to a variety of pharmacologically relevant receptors has been also witnessed. The existence of a bifunctional linker to anchor two substrates, resulting in a higher concentration of pharmacophores in proximity to recognition sites of several receptors involved in human diseases, portrays this group of metabolites as privileged lead structures for advanced pre-clinical and clinical studies. Despite the structural novelty of various marine diketopiperazine dimers and their relevant bioactive properties in several models of disease, to our knowledge, this attractive subclass of compounds is reviewed here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson G M Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Renato B Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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47
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Monaghan L, Massett ME, Bunschoten RP, Hoose A, Pirvan PA, Liskamp RMJ, Jørgensen HG, Huang X. The Emerging Role of H3K9me3 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:705. [PMID: 31428579 PMCID: PMC6687838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic dysregulation is a common pathological feature in human cancer cells. Global alterations in the epigenetic landscape are prevalent in malignant cells across different solid tumors including, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and in haemopoietic malignancy. In particular, DNA hypomethylation and histone hypoacetylation have been observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient blasts, with histone methylation being an emerging area of study. Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is a post-translational modification known to be involved in the regulation of a broad range of biological processes, including the formation of transcriptionally silent heterochromatin. Following the observation of its aberrant methylation status in hematological malignancy and several other cancer phenotypes, recent studies have associated H3K9me3 levels with patient outcome and highlighted key molecular mechanisms linking H3K9me3 profile with AML etiology in a number of large-scale meta-analysis. Consequently, the development and application of small molecule inhibitors which target the histone methyltransferases or demethylase enzymes known to participate in the oncogenic regulation of H3K9me3 in AML represents an advancing area of ongoing study. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on how this particular epigenetic mark is regulated within cells and its emerging role as a potential therapeutic target in AML, along with an update on the current research into advancing the generation of more potent and selective inhibitors against known H3K9 methyltransferases and demethylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Monaghan
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Center, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E. Massett
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Center, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alex Hoose
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Heather G. Jørgensen
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Center, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Huang
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Center, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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48
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Li Z, Huang L, Wei L, Hou Z, Ye W, Huang S. Chaetocin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells via the generation of reactive oxygen species. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1915-1921. [PMID: 31423261 PMCID: PMC6614685 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common types of cancer among women worldwide. The majority of patients with OC respond to current chemotherapy approaches initially; however, patients are likely to experience cancer recurrence and become resistant to the chemotherapy. Therefore, novel agents for the treatment of OC are urgently required. Chaetocin, a natural product isolated from Chaetomium fungi, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity against various types of cancer; however, the pharmacological action and detailed mechanism underlying the effects of chaetocin on OC cells remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the cytotoxic effects of chaetocin on OC cells. A Cell Counting kit-8 assay was used to study cell viability, a colony formation assay was used to assess cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, cell cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3. The results demonstrated that chaetocin significantly decreased the viability of OC cells. Chaetocin inhibited the proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest of the OVCAR-3 OC cell line. Additionally, chaetocin induced apoptotic cell death in OVCAR-3 cells via the caspase pathway. It was observed that chaetocin induced the accumulation of ROS in OVCAR-3 cells. Treatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed the apoptotic effects and activation of the caspase pathway induced by chaetocin. Collectively, these results revealed that chaetocin suppressed the proliferation and promoted the caspase-dependent apoptosis of OC cells by increasing the levels of ROS. Therefore, chaetocin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Lishan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Weibiao Ye
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
| | - Suran Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, P.R. China
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49
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Patnaik S, Anupriya. Drugs Targeting Epigenetic Modifications and Plausible Therapeutic Strategies Against Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:588. [PMID: 31244652 PMCID: PMC6563763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations along with epigenetic modifications of DNA are involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. CRC is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Initiation and progression of CRC is the cumulation of a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes in colonic epithelial cells. Colorectal carcinogenesis is associated with epigenetic aberrations including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Recently, epigenetic modifications have been identified like association of hypermethylated gene Claudin11 (CLDN11) with metastasis and prognosis of poor survival of CRC. DNA methylation of genes CMTM3, SSTR2, MDF1, NDRG4 and TGFB2 are potential epigenetic biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. Tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) mRNA expression is silenced by promoter methylation, which promotes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and rescues the CRC cells from apoptosis and hence leading to poor survival rate. Previous scientific evidences strongly suggest epigenetic modifications that contribute to anticancer drug resistance. Recent research studies emphasize development of drugs targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as an emerging anticancer strategy. This review covers potential epigenetic modification targeting chemotherapeutic drugs and probable implementation for the treatment of CRC, which offers a strong rationale to explore therapeutic strategies and provides a basis to develop potent antitumor drugs.
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50
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De Smedt E, Lui H, Maes K, De Veirman K, Menu E, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The Epigenome in Multiple Myeloma: Impact on Tumor Cell Plasticity and Drug Response. Front Oncol 2018; 8:566. [PMID: 30619733 PMCID: PMC6297718 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy that develops primarily in the bone marrow (BM), where reciprocal interactions with the BM niche foster MM cell survival, growth, and drug resistance. MM cells furthermore reshape the BM to their own needs by affecting the different BM stromal cell types resulting in angiogenesis, bone destruction, and immune suppression. Despite recent advances in treatment modalities, MM remains most often incurable due to the development of drug resistance to all standard of care agents. This underscores the unmet need for these heavily treated relapsed/refractory patients. Disruptions in epigenetic regulation are a well-known hallmark of cancer cells, contributing to both cancer onset and progression. In MM, sequencing and gene expression profiling studies have also identified numerous epigenetic defects, including locus-specific DNA hypermethylation of cancer-related and B cell specific genes, genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and genetic defects, copy number variations and/or abnormal expression patterns of various chromatin modifying enzymes. Importantly, these so-called epimutations contribute to genomic instability, disease progression, and a worse outcome. Moreover, the frequency of mutations observed in genes encoding for histone methyltransferases and DNA methylation modifiers increases following treatment, indicating a role in the emergence of drug resistance. In support of this, accumulating evidence also suggest a role for the epigenetic machinery in MM cell plasticity, driving the differentiation of the malignant cells to a less mature and drug resistant state. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on the role of epigenetics in MM, with a focus on deregulated histone methylation modifiers and the impact on MM cell plasticity and drug resistance. We also provide insight into the potential of epigenetic modulating agents to enhance clinical drug responses and avoid disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Smedt
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui Lui
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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