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Trejo-Solís C, Serrano-García N, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Robledo-Cadena DX, Jimenez-Farfan D, Marín-Hernández Á, Silva-Adaya D, Rodríguez-Pérez CE, Gallardo-Pérez JC. Metabolic dysregulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in glioblastoma. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:813-838. [PMID: 38841811 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibits genetic alterations that induce the deregulation of oncogenic pathways, thus promoting metabolic adaptation. The modulation of metabolic enzyme activities is necessary to generate nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids, which provide energy and metabolic intermediates essential for fulfilling the biosynthetic needs of glioma cells. Moreover, the TCA cycle produces intermediates that play important roles in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, or non-essential amino acids, and act as signaling molecules associated with the activation of oncogenic pathways, transcriptional changes, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, we aim to explore how dysregulated metabolic enzymes from the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, along with their metabolites, modulate both catabolic and anabolic metabolic pathways, as well as pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, transcriptional changes, and epigenetic modifications in GBM cells, contributing to the formation, survival, growth, and invasion of glioma cells. Additionally, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting key players in metabolic regulation. Therefore, understanding metabolic reprogramming is necessary to fully comprehend the biology of malignant gliomas and significantly improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solís
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Rosa Angelica Castillo-Rodríguez
- CICATA Unidad Morelos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard de la Tecnología, 1036 Z-1, P 2/2, Atlacholoaya, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
| | - Diana Xochiquetzal Robledo-Cadena
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Marín-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Citlali Ekaterina Rodríguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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2
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Berner MJ, Wall SW, Echeverria GV. Deregulation of mitochondrial gene expression in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02817-1. [PMID: 39143326 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
"Reprogramming of energy metabolism" was first considered an emerging hallmark of cancer in 2011 by Hanahan & Weinberg and is now considered a core hallmark of cancer. Mitochondria are the hubs of metabolism, crucial for energetic functions and cellular homeostasis. The mitochondrion's bacterial origin and preservation of their own genome, which encodes proteins and RNAs essential to their function, make them unique organelles. Successful generation of mitochondrial gene products requires coordinated functioning of the mitochondrial 'central dogma,' encompassing all steps necessary for mtDNA to yield mitochondrial proteins. Each of these processes has several levels of regulation, including mtDNA accessibility and protection through mtDNA packaging and epigenetic modifications, mtDNA copy number through mitochondrial replication, mitochondrial transcription through mitochondrial transcription factors, and mitochondrial translation through mitoribosome formation. Deregulation of these mitochondrial processes in the context of cancers has only recently been appreciated, with most studies being correlative in nature. Nonetheless, numerous significant associations of the mitochondrial central dogma with pro-tumor phenotypes have been documented. Several studies have even provided mechanistic insights and further demonstrated successful pharmacologic targeting strategies. Based on the emergent importance of mitochondria for cancer biology and therapeutics, it is becoming increasingly important that we gain an understanding of the underpinning mechanisms so they can be successfully therapeutically targeted. It is expected that this mechanistic understanding will result in mitochondria-targeting approaches that balance anticancer potency with normal cell toxicity. This review will focus on current evidence for the dysregulation of mitochondrial gene expression in cancers, as well as therapeutic opportunities on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Berner
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven W Wall
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gloria V Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Overchuk M, Rickard BP, Tulino J, Tan X, Ligler FS, Huang HC, Rizvi I. Overcoming the effects of fluid shear stress in ovarian cancer cell lines: Doxorubicin alone or photodynamic priming to target platinum resistance. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38849970 DOI: 10.1111/php.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapies remains a significant challenge in advanced-stage high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, and patients with malignant ascites face the poorest outcomes. It is, therefore, important to understand the effects of ascites, including the associated fluid shear stress (FSS), on phenotypic changes and therapy response, specifically FSS-induced chemotherapy resistance and the underlying mechanisms in ovarian cancer. This study investigated the effects of FSS on response to cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapy, and doxorubicin, an anthracycline, both of which are commonly used to manage advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Consistent with prior research, OVCAR-3 and Caov-3 cells cultivated under FSS demonstrated significant resistance to cisplatin. Examination of the role of mitochondria revealed an increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number and intracellular ATP content in cultures grown under FSS, suggesting that changes in mitochondria number and metabolic activity may contribute to platinum resistance. Interestingly, no resistance to doxorubicin was observed under FSS, the first such observation of a lack of resistance under these conditions. Finally, this study demonstrated the potential of photodynamic priming using benzoporphyrin derivative, a clinically approved photosensitizer that localizes in part to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula, to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin, but not doxorubicin, thereby overcoming FSS-induced platinum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brittany P Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin Tulino
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Wang V, Tseng KY, Kuo TT, Huang EYK, Lan KL, Chen ZR, Ma KH, Greig NH, Jung J, Choi HI, Olson L, Hoffer BJ, Chen YH. Attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological disruption with PT320 delays dopamine degeneration in MitoPark mice. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:38. [PMID: 38627765 PMCID: PMC11022395 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in cellular energy production. Changes in mitochondrial function can lead to dysfunction and cell death in aging and age-related disorders. Recent research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist has gained interest as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of GLP-1R-related agonists are not yet fully understood. METHODS In this study, we explores the effects of early treatment with PT320, a sustained release formulation of the GLP-1R agonist Exenatide, on mitochondrial functions and morphology in a progressive PD mouse model, the MitoPark (MP) mouse. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that administration of a clinically translatable dose of PT320 ameliorates the reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase expression, lowers reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c release during nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in MP mice. PT320 treatment significantly preserved mitochondrial function and morphology but did not influence the reduction in mitochondria numbers during PD progression in MP mice. Genetic analysis indicated that the cytoprotective effect of PT320 is attributed to a reduction in the expression of mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) and an increase in the expression of optic atrophy type 1 (Opa1), which is known to play a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and decreasing cytochrome c release through remodeling of the cristae. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the early administration of PT320 shows potential as a neuroprotective treatment for PD, as it can preserve mitochondrial function. Through enhancing mitochondrial health by regulating Opa1 and Fis1, PT320 presents a new neuroprotective therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Lan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jin Jung
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ii Choi
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
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Holt AG, Davies AM. The prevalence of dementia in humans could be the result of a functional adaptation. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 106:107939. [PMID: 37598466 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we propose that high copy number of the mitochondrial genome in neurons is a functional adaptation. We simulated the proliferation of deletion mutants of the human mitochondrial genome in a virtual mitochondrion and recorded the cell loss rates due to deletions overwhelming the wild-type. Our results showed that cell loss increased with mtDNA copy number. Given that neuron loss equates to cognitive dysfunction, it would seem counterintuitive that there would be a selective pressure for high copy number over low. However, for a low copy number, the onset of cognitive decline, while mild, started early in life. Whereas, for high copy number, it did not start until middle age but progressed rapidly. There could have been an advantage to high copy number in the brain if it delayed the onset of cognitive decline until after reproductive age. The prevalence of dementia in our aged population is a consequence of this functional adaptation.
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Smiles WJ, Catalano L, Stefan VE, Weber DD, Kofler B. Metabolic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101771. [PMID: 37414143 PMCID: PMC10362370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy of incredibly complex aetiology. Oncogenic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma has conventionally focussed on transduction through the well-characterised PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, in which the latter has been implicated in treatment resistance. The discovery of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK as a target of genetic alterations in cases of familial and sporadic neuroblastoma, was a breakthrough in the understanding of the complex genetic heterogeneity of neuroblastoma. However, despite progress in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of ALK, treatment resistance frequently arises and appears to be a feature of the disease. Moreover, since the identification of ALK, several additional protein kinases, including the PIM and Aurora kinases, have emerged not only as drivers of the disease phenotype, but also as promising druggable targets. This is particularly the case for Aurora-A, given its intimate engagement with MYCN, a driver oncogene of aggressive neuroblastoma previously considered 'undruggable.' SCOPE OF REVIEW Aided by significant advances in structural biology and a broader understanding of the mechanisms of protein kinase function and regulation, we comprehensively outline the role of protein kinase signalling, emphasising ALK, PIM and Aurora in neuroblastoma, their respective metabolic outputs, and broader implications for targeted therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite massively divergent regulatory mechanisms, ALK, PIM and Aurora kinases all obtain significant roles in cellular glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and neuroblastoma progression, and in several instances are implicated in treatment resistance. While metabolism of neuroblastoma tends to display hallmarks of the glycolytic "Warburg effect," aggressive, in particular MYCN-amplified tumours, retain functional mitochondrial metabolism, allowing for survival and proliferation under nutrient stress. Future strategies employing specific kinase inhibitors as part of the treatment regimen should consider combinatorial attempts at interfering with tumour metabolism, either through metabolic pathway inhibitors, or by dietary means, with a view to abolish metabolic flexibility that endows cancerous cells with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smiles
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Victoria E Stefan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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St John JC, Okada T, Andreas E, Penn A. The role of mtDNA in oocyte quality and embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:621-633. [PMID: 35986715 PMCID: PMC10952685 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome resides in the mitochondria present in nearly all cell types. The porcine (Sus scrofa) mitochondrial genome is circa 16.7 kb in size and exists in the multimeric format in cells. Individual cell types have different numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number based on their requirements for ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation. The oocyte has the largest number of mtDNA of any cell type. During oogenesis, the oocyte sets mtDNA copy number in order that sufficient copies are available to support subsequent developmental events. It also initiates a program of epigenetic patterning that regulates, for example, DNA methylation levels of the nuclear genome. Once fertilized, the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes establish synchrony to ensure that the embryo and fetus can complete each developmental milestone. However, altering the oocyte's mtDNA copy number by mitochondrial supplementation can affect the programming and gene expression profiles of the developing embryo and, in oocytes deficient of mtDNA, it appears to have a positive impact on the embryo development rates and gene expression profiles. Furthermore, mtDNA haplotypes, which define common maternal origins, appear to affect developmental outcomes and certain reproductive traits. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the mitochondrial content of an oocyte might have a developmental advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. St John
- The Mitochondrial Genetics Group, The School of Biomedicine and The Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Takashi Okada
- The Mitochondrial Genetics Group, The School of Biomedicine and The Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Eryk Andreas
- The Mitochondrial Genetics Group, The School of Biomedicine and The Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alexander Penn
- The Mitochondrial Genetics Group, The School of Biomedicine and The Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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8
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Fan X, Zhang D, Hou T, Zhang Q, Wang Z. Insight into the health risk implicated in mitochondrial toxicity of dibutyl phthalate exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138510. [PMID: 36966926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is commonly applied plasticizer in plastic products such as face masks, easily leaches or migrates into environment and its widespread contamination posed profound health risks. Further concerns rise regarding to the toxicity of DBP at subcellular level, while little is known about the ranging effects on mitochondrial susceptibility. Present study investigated the mitochondrial impairments with implicated cell death upon DBP exposure on zebrafish cells. Elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress reduced its membrane potential and count, enhanced fragmentation, and impaired ultrastructure that showed smaller size and cristae rupture. Afterwards, the critical function of ATP synthesis was damaged and the stabilized binding capacity between DBP with mitochondrial respiratory complexes was simulated by the molecular docking. And the top pathways enrichment of mitochondrion and metabolism by transcriptome analyses verified the mitochondrial dysfunction that indicated the human diseases risks. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and transcription with DNA methylation modifications were also disrupted, reflecting the genotoxicity on mtDNA. Moreover, the activated autophagy and apoptosis underlying mitochondrial susceptibility integrated into cellular homeostasis changes. These findings provide the first systemic evidence broadening and illustrating the mitochondrial toxicity of DBP exposure on zebrafish model that raise concern on phthalates contamination and ecotoxicological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dingfu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qianqing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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9
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Grady CI, Walsh LM, Heiss JD. Mitoepigenetics and gliomas: epigenetic alterations to mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA alter mtDNA expression and contribute to glioma pathogenicity. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1154753. [PMID: 37332990 PMCID: PMC10270738 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1154753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms allow cells to fine-tune gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. For decades, it has been known that mitochondria have genetic material. Still, only recently have studies shown that epigenetic factors regulate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene expression. Mitochondria regulate cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, all critical areas of dysfunction in gliomas. Methylation of mtDNA, alterations in mtDNA packaging via mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and regulation of mtDNA transcription via the micro-RNAs (mir 23-b) and long noncoding RNAs [RNA mitochondrial RNA processing (RMRP)] have all been identified as contributing to glioma pathogenicity. Developing new interventions interfering with these pathways may improve glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare I. Grady
- Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa M. Walsh
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John D. Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Mitochondrial Transfer as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108848. [PMID: 37240194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Mitochondrial transfer, the transfer of mitochondria from one cell to another, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for restoring mitochondrial function in diseased cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mitochondrial transfer, including its mechanisms, potential therapeutic applications, and impact on cell death pathways. We also discuss the future directions and challenges in the field of mitochondrial transfer as a novel therapeutic approach in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
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11
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Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Obaid G, Ruhi MK, Demirci U, Fenton SE, Santos JH, Kessel D, Rizvi I. Photochemical Targeting of Mitochondria to Overcome Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:448-468. [PMID: 36117466 PMCID: PMC10043796 DOI: 10.1111/php.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a stubborn mortality rate of ~65%. The persistent failure of multiline chemotherapy, and significant tumor heterogeneity, has made it challenging to improve outcomes. A target of increasing interest is the mitochondrion because of its essential role in critical cellular functions, and the significance of metabolic adaptation in chemoresistance. This review describes mitochondrial processes, including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial transfer and mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. The effect of malignant ascites, or excess peritoneal fluid, on mitochondrial function is discussed. The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in overcoming mitochondria-mediated resistance is presented. PDT, a photochemistry-based modality, involves the light-based activation of a photosensitizer leading to the production of short-lived reactive molecular species and spatiotemporally confined photodamage to nearby organelles and biological targets. The consequential effects range from subcytotoxic priming of target cells for increased sensitivity to subsequent treatments, such as chemotherapy, to direct cell killing. This review discusses how PDT-based approaches can address key limitations of current treatments. Specifically, an overview of the mechanisms by which PDT alters mitochondrial function, and a summary of preclinical advancements and clinical PDT experience in ovarian cancer are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 95080, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Functional Assessment of Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance by Depletion and Repopulation Using 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine in Cultured Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2615:229-240. [PMID: 36807796 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2922-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in cultured cells, using substances that interfere with DNA replication, is a useful tool to investigate various aspects of mtDNA maintenance. Here we describe the use of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) to induce a reversible reduction of mtDNA copy number in human primary fibroblasts and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Once the application of ddC is stopped, cells depleted for mtDNA attempt to recover normal mtDNA copy numbers. The dynamics of repopulation of mtDNA provide a valuable measure for the enzymatic activity of the mtDNA replication machinery.
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13
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Dong LF, Rohlena J, Zobalova R, Nahacka Z, Rodriguez AM, Berridge MV, Neuzil J. Mitochondria on the move: Horizontal mitochondrial transfer in disease and health. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213873. [PMID: 36795453 PMCID: PMC9960264 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genes were long thought to be constrained within somatic cells in most cell types. This concept was challenged recently when cellular organelles including mitochondria were shown to move between mammalian cells in culture via cytoplasmic bridges. Recent research in animals indicates transfer of mitochondria in cancer and during lung injury in vivo, with considerable functional consequences. Since these pioneering discoveries, many studies have confirmed horizontal mitochondrial transfer (HMT) in vivo, and its functional characteristics and consequences have been described. Additional support for this phenomenon has come from phylogenetic studies. Apparently, mitochondrial trafficking between cells occurs more frequently than previously thought and contributes to diverse processes including bioenergetic crosstalk and homeostasis, disease treatment and recovery, and development of resistance to cancer therapy. Here we highlight current knowledge of HMT between cells, focusing primarily on in vivo systems, and contend that this process is not only (patho)physiologically relevant, but also can be exploited for the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Feng Dong
- https://ror.org/02sc3r913School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia,Lan-Feng Dong:
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nahacka
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jiri Neuzil
- https://ror.org/02sc3r913School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia,https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,Correspondence to Jiri Neuzil: ,
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14
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Mitochondrial DNA Deficiency and Supplementation in Sus scrofa Oocytes Influence Transcriptome Profiles in Oocytes and Blastocysts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043783. [PMID: 36835193 PMCID: PMC9963854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deficiency correlates with poor oocyte quality and fertilisation failure. However, the supplementation of mtDNA deficient oocytes with extra copies of mtDNA improves fertilisation rates and embryo development. The molecular mechanisms associated with oocyte developmental incompetence, and the effects of mtDNA supplementation on embryo development are largely unknown. We investigated the association between the developmental competence of Sus scrofa oocytes, assessed with Brilliant Cresyl Blue, and transcriptome profiles. We also analysed the effects of mtDNA supplementation on the developmental transition from the oocyte to the blastocyst by longitudinal transcriptome analysis. mtDNA deficient oocytes revealed downregulation of genes associated with RNA metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, including 56 small nucleolar RNA genes and 13 mtDNA protein coding genes. We also identified the downregulation of a large subset of genes for meiotic and mitotic cell cycle process, suggesting that developmental competence affects the completion of meiosis II and first embryonic cell division. The supplementation of oocytes with mtDNA in combination with fertilisation improves the maintenance of the expression of several key developmental genes and the patterns of parental allele-specific imprinting gene expression in blastocysts. These results suggest associations between mtDNA deficiency and meiotic cell cycle and the developmental effects of mtDNA supplementation on Sus scrofa blastocysts.
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15
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Soltész B, Pös O, Wlachovska Z, Budis J, Hekel R, Strieskova L, Liptak JB, Krampl W, Styk J, Németh N, Keserű JS, Jenei A, Buglyó G, Klekner Á, Nagy B, Szemes T. Mitochondrial DNA copy number changes, heteroplasmy, and mutations in plasma-derived exosomes and brain tissue of glioblastoma patients. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 66:101875. [PMID: 36379303 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults. Glioblastoma cells show increased glucose consumption associated with poor prognosis. Since mitochondria play a crucial role in energy metabolism, mutations and copy number changes of mitochondrial DNA may serve as biomarkers. As the brain is difficult to access, analysis of mitochondria directly from the brain tissue represents a challenge. Exosome analysis is an alternative (still poorly explored) approach to investigate molecular changes in CNS tumors. We analyzed brain tissue DNA and plasma-derived exosomal DNA (exoDNA) of 44 glioblastoma patients and 40 control individuals. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine mtDNA copy numbers and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis of data. Subsequently, sequencing libraries were prepared and sequenced on the MiSeq platform to identify mtDNA point mutations. Tissue mtDNA copy number was different among controls and patients in multiple comparisons. A similar tendency was detected in exosomes. Based on NGS analysis, several mtDNA point mutations showed slightly different frequencies between cases and controls, but the clinical relevance of these observations is difficult to assess and likely less than that of overall mtDNA copy number changes. Allele frequencies of variants were used to determine the level of heteroplasmy (found to be higher in exo-mtDNA of control individuals). Despite the suggested potential, the use of such biomarkers for the screening and/or diagnosis of glioblastomas is still limited, thus further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ondrej Pös
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia; Geneton Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Wlachovska
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Informatics, Information Systems and Software Engineering, Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Budis
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia; Geneton Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia; Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Hekel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia; Geneton Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Jana Bozenka Liptak
- Institute of Informatics, Information Systems and Software Engineering, Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Werner Krampl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia; Geneton Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Styk
- Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia; Geneton Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikolett Németh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Sz Keserű
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Jenei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Álmos Klekner
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava, Slovakia; Geneton Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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Su J, Li Y, Liu Q, Peng G, Qin C, Li Y. Identification of SSBP1 as a ferroptosis-related biomarker of glioblastoma based on a novel mitochondria-related gene risk model and in vitro experiments. J Transl Med 2022; 20:440. [PMID: 36180956 PMCID: PMC9524046 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor that leads to lethality. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria play an important role in GBM and that mitochondria-related genes (MRGs) are potential therapeutic targets. However, the role of MRGs in GBM remains unclear. Methods Differential expression and univariate Cox regression analyses were combined to screen for prognostic differentially-expressed (DE)-MRGs in GBM. Based on LASSO Cox analysis, 12 DE-MRGs were selected to construct a risk score model. Survival, time dependent ROC, and stratified analyses were performed to evaluate the performance of this risk model. Mutation and functional enrichment analyses were performed to determine the potential mechanism of the risk score. Immune cell infiltration analysis was used to determine the association between the risk score and immune cell infiltration levels. CCK-8 and transwell assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and migration, respectively. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and morphology were measured using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Genes and proteins expression levels were investigated by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results We identified 21 prognostic DE-MRGs, of which 12 DE-MRGs were selected to construct a prognostic risk score model for GBM. This model presented excellent performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with GBM and acted as an independent predictive factor. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the risk score was enriched in the inflammatory response, extracellular matrix, and pro-cancer-related and immune related pathways. Additionally, the risk score was significantly associated with gene mutations and immune cell infiltration in GBM. Single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1) was considerably upregulated in GBM and associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, SSBP1 knockdown inhibited GBM cell progression and migration. Mechanistically, SSBP1 knockdown resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS levels, which, in turn, increased temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity in GBM cells by enhancing ferroptosis. Conclusion Our 12 DE-MRGs-based prognostic model can predict the GBM patients prognosis and 12 MRGs are potential targets for the treatment of GBM. SSBP1 was significantly upregulated in GBM and protected U87 cells from TMZ-induced ferroptosis, which could serve as a prognostic and therapeutic target/biomarker for GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03657-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, No. 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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17
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Wang C, Cui G, Wang D, Wang M, Chen Q, Wang Y, Lu M, Tang X, Yang B. Crosstalk of Oxidative Phosphorylation-Related Subtypes, Establishment of a Prognostic Signature and Immune Infiltration Characteristics in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184503. [PMID: 36139663 PMCID: PMC9496738 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) plays an important role in the progression of colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD). The aim of our study was to investigate the expression pattern of OXPHOS-related genes (ORGs), and an OXPHOS-related prognostic signature was constructed to classify COAD patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Then, we analyzed the relationship between risk scores and tumor microenvironment, somatic mutation, and efficacy of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, a nomogram was established by combining clinical features and risk scores, and its predictive ability was verified by receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves. Overall, the OXPHOS-related signature can be used as a reliable prognostic predictor of COAD patients. Abstract Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an emerging target in cancer therapy. However, the prognostic signature of OXPHOS in colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains non-existent. We comprehensively investigated the expression pattern of OXPHOS-related genes (ORGs) in COAD from public databases. Based on four ORGs, an OXPHOS-related prognostic signature was established in which COAD patients were assigned different risk scores and classified into two different risk groups. It was observed that the low-risk group had a better prognosis but lower immune activities including immune cells and immune-related function in the tumor microenvironment. Combining with relevant clinical features, a nomogram for clinical application was also established. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were constructed to demonstrate the predictive ability of this risk signature. Moreover, a higher risk score was significantly positively correlated with higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and generally higher gene expression of immune checkpoint, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulators and mismatch repair (MMR) related proteins. The results also indicated that the high-risk group was more sensitive to immunotherapy and certain chemotherapy drugs. In conclusion, OXPHOS-related prognostic signature can be utilized to better understand the roles of ORGs and offer new perspectives for clinical prognosis and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Mengjie Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Bolin Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Small molecule-mediated allosteric activation of the base excision repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase and its impact on mitochondrial function. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14685. [PMID: 36038587 PMCID: PMC9424235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) initiates base excision repair of the oxidative DNA damage product 8-oxoguanine. OGG1 is bifunctional; catalyzing glycosyl bond cleavage, followed by phosphodiester backbone incision via a β-elimination apurinic lyase reaction. The product from the glycosylase reaction, 8-oxoguanine, and its analogues, 8-bromoguanine and 8-aminoguanine, trigger the rate-limiting AP lyase reaction. The precise activation mechanism remains unclear. The product-assisted catalysis hypothesis suggests that 8-oxoguanine and analogues bind at the product recognition (PR) pocket to enhance strand cleavage as catalytic bases. Alternatively, they may allosterically activate OGG1 by binding outside of the PR pocket to induce an active-site conformational change to accelerate apurinic lyase. Herein, steady-state kinetic analyses demonstrated random binding of substrate and activator. 9-Deazaguanine, which can't function as a substrate-competent base, activated OGG1, albeit with a lower Emax value than 8-bromoguanine and 8-aminoguanine. Random compound screening identified small molecules with Emax values similar to 8-bromoguanine. Paraquat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was attenuated by several small molecule OGG1 activators; benefits included enhanced mitochondrial membrane and DNA integrity, less cytochrome c translocation, ATP preservation, and mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Our results support an allosteric mechanism of OGG1 and not product-assisted catalysis. OGG1 small molecule activators may improve mitochondrial function in oxidative stress-related diseases.
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19
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Agnoletto C, Volinia S. Mitochondria dysfunction in circulating tumor cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947479. [PMID: 35992829 PMCID: PMC9386562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a subset of heterogeneous cells, which, once released from a tumor site, have the potential to give rise to metastasis in secondary sites. Recent research focused on the attempt to detect and characterize these rare cells in the circulation, and advancements in defining their molecular profile have been reported in diverse tumor species, with potential implications for clinical applications. Of note, metabolic alterations, involving mitochondria, have been implicated in the metastatic process, as key determinants in the transition of tumor cells to a mesenchymal or stemness-like phenotype, in drug resistance, and in induction of apoptosis. This review aimed to briefly analyse the most recent knowledge relative to mitochondria dysfunction in CTCs, and to envision implications of altered mitochondria in CTCs for a potential utility in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agnoletto
- Rete Oncologica Veneta (ROV), Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre (CNBCh UW), University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Smetanina MA, Oscorbin IP, Shadrina AS, Sevost'ianova KS, Korolenya VA, Gavrilov KA, Shevela AI, Shirshova AN, Oskina NA, Zolotukhin IA, Filipenko ML. Quantitative and structural characteristics of mitochondrial DNA in varicose veins. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107021. [PMID: 35690235 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined quantitative (in terms of mtDNA/nuclear DNA) and structural (in terms of common deletions in the MT-ND4 gene region) characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in varicose veins (VVs) and venous wall layers by comparing mitochondrial genome parameters, as well as mitochondrial function (in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP)), in varicose vein (VV) vs. non-varicose vein (NV) tissue samples. METHODS We analyzed paired great saphenous vein samples (VV vs. NV segments from each patient left after venous surgery) harvested from patients with VVs. Relative mtDNA level and the proportion of no-deletion mtDNA were determined by a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR), confirming the latter with a more sensitive method - droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Mitochondria's functional state in VVs was assessed using fluorescent (dependent on MtMP) live-staining of mitochondria in venous tissues. RESULTS Total mtDNA level was lower in VV than in NV samples (predominantly in the t. media layer). ddPCR analysis showed lower proportion of no-deletion mtDNA in VVs. Because of the decrease in relative MtMP in VVs, our results suggest a possible reduction of mitochondrial function in VVs. CONCLUSION Quantitative and structural changes (copy number and integrity) of mtDNA are plausibly involved in VV pathogenesis. Future clinical studies implementing the mitochondrial targeting may be eventually fostered after auxiliary mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya A Smetanina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Fundamental Medicine of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Igor P Oscorbin
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Shadrina
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Sevost'ianova
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valeria A Korolenya
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Gavrilov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey I Shevela
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Arina N Shirshova
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya A Oskina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A Zolotukhin
- Department of Faculty Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Maxim L Filipenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics Development, Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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21
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Abd Radzak SM, Mohd Khair SZN, Ahmad F, Patar A, Idris Z, Mohamed Yusoff AA. Insights regarding mitochondrial DNA copy number alterations in human cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:104. [PMID: 35713211 PMCID: PMC9304817 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the critical organelles involved in various cellular functions. Mitochondrial biogenesis is activated by multiple cellular mechanisms which require a synchronous regulation between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA). The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a proxy indicator for mitochondrial activity, and its alteration reflects mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Despite the precise mechanisms that modulate the amount and composition of mtDNA, which have not been fully elucidated, mtDNA-CN is known to influence numerous cellular pathways that are associated with cancer and as well as multiple other diseases. In addition, the utility of current technology in measuring mtDNA-CN contributes to its extensive assessment of diverse traits and tumorigenesis. The present review provides an overview of mtDNA-CN variations across human cancers and an extensive summary of the existing knowledge on the regulation and machinery of mtDNA-CN. The current information on the advanced methods used for mtDNA-CN assessment is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Muslihah Abd Radzak
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zulaikha Nashwa Mohd Khair
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Farizan Ahmad
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Azim Patar
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
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22
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Fan X, Yan T, Hou T, Xiong X, Feng L, Li S, Wang Z. Mitochondrial changes in fish cells in vitro in response to serum deprivation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:869-881. [PMID: 35652993 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical to cellular activity that implicated in expansive networks to maintain organismal homeostasis under external stimuli of nutrient variability, a common and severe stress to fish performance during the intensive culture conditions. In the present study, zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cells were used to investigate the fish mitochondrial changes upon serum deprivation. Results showed that mitochondrial content and membrane potential were significantly reduced with increased intracellular ROS level in the serum deprivation treated fish cells. And the impaired mitochondria were characterized by rough and fracted outer membrane, and more fused mitochondria were frequently observed with the upregulated mRNA expressions of mitochondrial fusion genes (mfn1b, mfn2, and opa1). Besides, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers of mtatp6, mtcox1, mtcytb, mtnd4, and mtnd6 were overall showing the highly significant reduction, together with the mRNA expressions of these genes significantly increased, exhibiting the compensatory effects in mitochondria. Furthermore, the methyl-cytosine of whole mtDNA was compared and the methyl-reads numbers were distinctly increased in the treatment group, reflecting the instability of fish mtDNA with mitochondrial dysfunction under nutrient fluctuations. Collectively, current findings could facilitate the integrated research between fish mitochondrial response and external variables that indicates the potentially profound and durative deficits in fish health during the aquaculture processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofan Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leilei Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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23
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Exposure to a Pathological Condition May Be Required for the Cells to Secrete Exosomes Containing mtDNA Aberration. J Nucleic Acids 2022; 2022:7960198. [PMID: 35465178 PMCID: PMC9020996 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7960198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by all cells, carry out intercellular communication by transmitting biologically active cargo comprising DNA, RNA, and proteins. These biomolecules reflect the status of their parent cells and can be altered by pathological conditions. Therefore, the researchers have been investigating differential sequences and quantities of DNA associated with exosomes as valuable biomarkers of diseases. Exosomes carry different types of DNA molecules, including genomic, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial (mtDNA). The mtDNA aberrations are reported to be a hallmark of diseases involving oxidative stress, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Establishing robust in vitro models comprising appropriate cell lineages is the first step towards investigating disease-specific anomalies and testing therapeutics. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from patients with diseases have been used for this purpose since they can differentiate into various cells. The current study investigated mtDNA aberrations in exosomes secreted by primary cancer cells and neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiated from iPS cells. The primary cancer cells were isolated from surgically removed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissue, and the iPS cells were produced from control and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects' B lymphocytes. We detected aberrations in mtDNA associated with exosomes secreted from GBM cells but not from the NSCs. This result indicates that the cells may not secrete exosomes carrying mtDNA aberration without exposure to a pathological condition. Thus, we may need to consider this fact when we use iPS cell-derived cells as an in vitro disease model.
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24
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Kogiso M, Qi L, Du Y, Braun FK, Zhang H, Huang LF, Guo L, Huang Y, Teo WY, Lindsay H, Zhao S, Injac SG, Liu Z, Mehta V, Tran D, Li F, Baxter PA, Su JM, Perlaky L, Parsons DW, Chintagumpala M, Adesina A, Song Y, Li XN. Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor SYC-435 with standard therapy in patient-derived xenograft mouse models of glioma. Transl Oncol 2022; 18:101368. [PMID: 35182954 PMCID: PMC8857594 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pair of orthotopic PDX models of glioma bearing IDH1-R132H/R132C mutations. New mutant IDH1i (SY-435) with standard therapy led to strong therapeutic efficacy. H3K4/K9 methylation/mtDNA-encoded molecules mediate anti-tumor activity of SYC-435. Discovered MYO1F, CTC1 and BCL9 as novel genes that mediated SYC-435 resistance.
Clinical outcomes in patients with WHO grade II/III astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or secondary glioblastoma remain poor. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is mutated in > 70% of these tumors, making it an attractive therapeutic target. To determine the efficacy of our newly developed mutant IDH1 inhibitor, SYC-435 (1-hydroxypyridin-2-one), we treated orthotopic glioma xenograft model (IC-BT142AOA) carrying R132H mutation and our newly established orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of recurrent anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (IC-V0914AOA) bearing R132C mutation. In addition to suppressing IDH1 mutant cell proliferation in vitro, SYC-435 (15 mg/kg, daily x 28 days) synergistically prolonged animal survival times with standard therapies (Temozolomide + fractionated radiation) mediated by reduction of H3K4/H3K9 methylation and expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded molecules. Furthermore, RNA-seq of the remnant tumors identified genes (MYO1F, CTC1 and BCL9) and pathways (base excision repair, TCA cycle II, sirtuin signaling, protein kinase A, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and α-adrenergic signaling) as mediators of therapy resistance. Our data demonstrated the efficacy SYC-435 in targeting IDH1 mutant gliomas when combined with standard therapy and identified a novel set of genes that should be prioritized for future studies to overcome SYC-435 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kogiso
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lin Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L Frank Huang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National Cancer Center, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 169610, Singapore
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah G Injac
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vidya Mehta
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diep Tran
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Alkek Center for Drug Discovery, Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jack M Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Laszlo Perlaky
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D Williams Parsons
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Murali Chintagumpala
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Preclinical Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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25
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Sourty B, Dardaud LM, Bris C, Desquiret-Dumas V, Boisselier B, Basset L, Figarella-Branger D, Morel A, Sanson M, Procaccio V, Rousseau A. Mitochondrial DNA copy number as a prognostic marker is age-dependent in adult glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdab191. [PMID: 35118384 PMCID: PMC8807107 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of glioma. GBM frequently displays chromosome (chr) 7 gain, chr 10 loss and/or EGFR amplification (chr7+/chr10-/EGFRamp). Overall survival (OS) is 15 months after treatment. In young adults, IDH1/2 mutations are associated with longer survival. In children, histone H3 mutations portend a dismal prognosis. Novel reliable prognostic markers are needed in GBM. We assessed the prognostic value of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in adult GBM. METHODS mtDNA copy number was assessed using real-time quantitative PCR in 232 primary GBM. Methylation of POLG and TFAM genes, involved in mtDNA replication, was assessed by bisulfite-pyrosequencing in 44 and 51 cases, respectively. RESULTS Median age at diagnosis was 56.6 years-old and median OS, 13.3 months. 153/232 GBM (66 %) displayed chr7+/chr10-/EGFRamp, 23 (9.9 %) IDH1/2 mutation, 3 (1.3 %) H3 mutation and 53 (22.8 %) no key genetic alterations. GBM were divided into two groups, "Low" (n = 116) and "High" (n = 116), according to the median mtDNA/nuclear DNA ratio (237.7). There was no significant difference in OS between the two groups. By dividing the whole cohort according to the median age at diagnosis, OS was longer in the "High" vs "Low" subgroup (27.3 vs 15 months, P = .0203) in young adult GBM (n = 117) and longer in the "Low" vs "High" subgroup (14.5 vs 10.2 months, P = .0116) in older adult GBM (n = 115). POLG was highly methylated, whereas TFAM remained unmethylated. CONCLUSION mtDNA copy number may be a novel prognostic biomarker in GBM, its impact depending on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Sourty
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Céline Bris
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Angers and Angers University, INSERM1083, CNRS6015, MITOVASC, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Angers and Angers University, INSERM1083, CNRS6015, MITOVASC, Angers, France
| | - Blandine Boisselier
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
- Center for Research in Cancerology and Immunology Nantes/Angers, INSERM, University of Nantes, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laëtitia Basset
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
- Center for Research in Cancerology and Immunology Nantes/Angers, INSERM, University of Nantes, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Morel
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne University UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neurology Department 2, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Angers and Angers University, INSERM1083, CNRS6015, MITOVASC, Angers, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
- Center for Research in Cancerology and Immunology Nantes/Angers, INSERM, University of Nantes, University of Angers, Angers, France
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26
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Angrand L, Boukouaci W, Lajnef M, Richard JR, Andreazza A, Wu CL, Bouassida J, Rafik I, Foiselle M, Mezouad E, Naamoune S, Chami L, Mihoub O, Salah S, Benchaaben A, Le Corvoisier P, Barau C, Costes B, Yolken R, Crepeaux G, Leboyer M, Tamouza R. Low peripheral mitochondrial DNA copy number during manic episodes of bipolar disorders is associated with disease severity and inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:349-356. [PMID: 34500035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria (Mt) are intra-cellular components essential for cellular energy processes whose dysfunction may induce premature cellular senescence and/or inflammation, both observed in bipolar disorders (BD). We investigated mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) levels in patients with BD being in manic, depressive or euthymic phase and in healthy controls (HC) both characterized for the levels of blood-based inflammatory markers and stigma of pathogens. 312 patients with BD were compared to 180 HC. mtDNAcn were measured using a digital droplet PCR. Serum levels of 14 inflammatory molecules and 3 anti-infectious IgG stigma were respectively evaluated by electro-chemiluminescence, ELISA and dedicated immunoassays. The statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's correlation, Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests. P-values were adjusted for multiple testing with Benjamini-Hochberg method. We found low levels of mtDNAcn in BD patients as compared to HC (P = 0.008) especially during manic episodes (P = 0.0002). We also observed that low levels of mtDNAcn are negatively correlated with mood and psychotic scales (PANSS, YMRS and CGI) (adjusted P (Adj P) = 0.02, 0.003 and 0.05 respectively) and positively with the GAF severity scale (Adj P = 0.002). They were also correlated with high levels of both intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 (Adj P = 0.003 and 0.001) along with a trend toward increased IL-2, IL-10 and B2M circulating levels (Adj P = 0.05). Here, we report correlations between marker of mitochondria functioning and both clinical scales and inflammatory markers in BD patients experiencing manic episodes. If replicated, these finding might allow to predict transition between disease phases and to design accurate therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Angrand
- Univ Paris Est-Creteil, Faculté de Santé, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire de Biologie du système neuromusculaire, F-94010 Creteil, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Wahid Boukouaci
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Ana Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chieng-Lien Wu
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jihène Bouassida
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Ismail Rafik
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Marianne Foiselle
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Esma Mezouad
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Soumia Naamoune
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Leila Chami
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Ons Mihoub
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Sofiane Salah
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Arij Benchaaben
- Université Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Philippe Le Corvoisier
- Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430 et AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Univ Paris Est Creteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Caroline Barau
- Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, HU Henri Mondor, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Bruno Costes
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, IMRB, INSERM, U955, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Robert Yolken
- Johns Hopkins school of medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guillemette Crepeaux
- Univ Paris Est-Creteil, Faculté de Santé, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire de Biologie du système neuromusculaire, F-94010 Creteil, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT & FHU ADAPT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DMU IMPACT & FHU ADAPT, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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27
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St John JC. Epigenetic Regulation of the Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes: Involvement in Metabolism, Development, and Disease. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 9:203-224. [PMID: 33592161 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-080520-083353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is becoming increasingly important as they are extensively involved in establishing early development and developmental progression. Evidence from various biological systems indicates the interdependency between the genomes, which requires a high degree of compatibility and synchrony to ensure effective cellular function throughout development and in the resultant offspring. During development, waves of DNA demethylation, de novo methylation, and maintenance methylation act on the nuclear genome and typify oogenesis and pre- and postimplantation development. At the same time, significant changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number influence the metabolic status of the developing organism in a typically cell-type-specific manner. Collectively, at any given stage in development, these actions establish genomic balance that ensures each developmental milestone is met and that the organism's program for life is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C St John
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Robinson Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;
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28
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Leão Barros MB, Pinheiro DDR, Borges BDN. Mitochondrial DNA Alterations in Glioblastoma (GBM). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115855. [PMID: 34072607 PMCID: PMC8199454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive tumor originating from neural stem cells of the central nervous system, which has high histopathological and genomic diversity. Mitochondria are cellular organelles associated with the regulation of cellular metabolism, redox signaling, energy generation, regulation of cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that plays an important role in GBM pathogenesis, favoring abnormal energy and reactive oxygen species production and resistance to apoptosis and to chemotherapeutic agents. The present review summarizes the known mitochondrial DNA alterations related to GBM, their cellular and metabolic consequences, and their association with diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariceli Baia Leão Barros
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA 66075, Brazil;
| | | | - Bárbara do Nascimento Borges
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA 66075, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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29
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Liu K, Zhou Z, Pan M, Zhang L. Stem cell-derived mitochondria transplantation: A promising therapy for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:733-742. [PMID: 33538116 PMCID: PMC8193690 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are disorders caused by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations which affect the nervous and muscular systems. Current therapies for mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are inadequate and mostly palliative. However, stem cell‐derived mitochondria transplantation has been demonstrated to play an key part in metabolic rescue, which offers great promise for mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Here, we summarize the present status of stem cell therapy for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and discuss mitochondrial transfer routes and the protection mechanisms of stem cells. We also identify and summarize future perspectives and challenges for the treatment of these intractable disorders based on the concept of mitochondrial transfer from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated with Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Mengxiong Pan
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Filograna R, Mennuni M, Alsina D, Larsson NG. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in human disease: the more the better? FEBS Lett 2020; 595:976-1002. [PMID: 33314045 PMCID: PMC8247411 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most of the genetic information has been lost or transferred to the nucleus during the evolution of mitochondria. Nevertheless, mitochondria have retained their own genome that is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In mammals, a gene‐dense circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of about 16.5 kb encodes 13 proteins, which constitute only 1% of the mitochondrial proteome. Mammalian mtDNA is present in thousands of copies per cell and mutations often affect only a fraction of them. Most pathogenic human mtDNA mutations are recessive and only cause OXPHOS defects if present above a certain critical threshold. However, emerging evidence strongly suggests that the proportion of mutated mtDNA copies is not the only determinant of disease but that also the absolute copy number matters. In this review, we critically discuss current knowledge of the role of mtDNA copy number regulation in various types of human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, and during ageing. We also provide an overview of new exciting therapeutic strategies to directly manipulate mtDNA to restore OXPHOS in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Filograna
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mara Mennuni
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Alsina
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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DNA Associated with Circulating Exosomes as a Biomarker for Glioma. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111276. [PMID: 33137926 PMCID: PMC7692052 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous and non-cancerous cells secrete exosomes, a type of nanovesicle known to carry the molecular signature of the parent for intercellular communications. Exosomes secreted by tumor cells carry abnormal DNA, RNA, and protein molecules that reflect the cancerous status. DNA is the master molecule that ultimately affects the function of RNA and proteins. Aberrations in DNA can potentially lead a cell to malignancy. Deviant quantities and the differential sequences of exosomal DNA are useful characteristics as cancer biomarkers. Since these alterations are either associated with specific stages of cancer or caused due to a clinical treatment, exosomal DNA is valuable as a diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic-intervention response biomarker. Notably, the exosomes can cross an intact blood–brain barrier and anatomical compartments by transcytosis. As such, the cancer-specific trademark molecules can be detected in systemic blood circulation and other body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, with non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures. This comprehensive review highlights the cancer-specific modulations of DNA associated with circulating exosomes that are beneficial as glioma biomarkers.
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Sravya P, Nimbalkar VP, Kanuri NN, Sugur H, Verma BK, Kundu P, Rao S, Uday Krishna AS, Somanna S, Kondaiah P, Arivazhagan A, Santosh V. Low mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance in glioblastoma. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:154-163. [PMID: 33045388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in several solid tumors was found to be lower than in their normal counterparts. However, there is paucity of literature on the clinical significance of mtDNA content in glioblastoma and its effect on treatment response. Hence, we studied the prognostic significance of mtDNA content in glioblastoma tumor tissue and the effect of mtDNA depletion in glioblastoma cells on response to treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS 130 newly diagnosed glioblastomas, 32 paired newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastomas and 35 non-neoplastic brain tissues were utilized for the study. mtDNA content in the patient tumor tissue was assessed and compared with known biomarkers and patient survival. mtDNA was chemically depleted in malignant glioma cell lines, U87, LN229. The biology and treatment response of parent and depleted cells were compared. RESULTS Lower range of mtDNA copy number in glioblastoma was associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.01), progression free survival (p = 0.04) and also with wild type IDH (p = 0.02). In recurrent glioblastoma, mtDNA copy number was higher than newly diagnosed glioblastoma in the patients who received RT (p = 0.01). mtDNA depleted U87 and LN229 cells showed higher survival fraction post radiation exposure when compared to parent lines. The IC50 of TMZ was also higher for mtDNA depleted U87 and LN229 cells. The depleted cells formed more neurospheres than their parent counterparts, thus showing increased stemness of mtDNA depleted cells. CONCLUSION Low mtDNA copy number in glioblastoma is associated with poor patient survival and treatment resistance in cell lines possibly by impacting stemness of the glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palavalasa Sravya
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vidya Prasad Nimbalkar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nandaki Nag Kanuri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Harsha Sugur
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paramita Kundu
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - A S Uday Krishna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, KIDWAI Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sampath Somanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arimappamagan Arivazhagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Vani Santosh
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
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Gambini E, Martinelli I, Stadiotti I, Vinci MC, Scopece A, Eramo L, Sommariva E, Resta J, Benaouadi S, Cogliati E, Paolin A, Parini A, Pompilio G, Savagner F. Differences in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identify Distinct Populations of Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207467. [PMID: 33050449 PMCID: PMC7590175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells (hCmPC) are multipotent resident populations involved in cardiac homeostasis and heart repair. Even if the mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, the stem cell differentiation is guided by the mitochondrial metabolism; however, mitochondrial approaches to identify hCmPC with enhanced stemness and/or differentiation capability for cellular therapy are not established. Here we demonstrated that hCmPCs sorted for low and high mitochondrial membrane potential (using a lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, TMRM), presented differences in energy metabolism from preferential glycolysis to oxidative rates. TMRM-high cells are highly efficient in terms of oxygen consumption rate, basal and maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity compared to TMRM-low cells. TMRM-high cells showed characteristics of pre-committed cells and were associated with higher in vitro differentiation capacity through endothelial, cardiac-like, and, to a lesser extent, adipogenic and chondro/osteogenic cell lineage, when compared with TMRM-low cells. Conversely, TMRM-low showed higher self-renewal potential. To conclude, we identified two hCmPC populations with different metabolic profile, stemness maturity, and differentiation potential. Our findings suggest that metabolic sorting can isolate cells with higher regenerative capacity and/or long-term survival. This metabolism-based strategy to select cells may be broadly applicable to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gambini
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Luana Eramo
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Jessica Resta
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Sabrina Benaouadi
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Elisa Cogliati
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Via Antonio Scarpa 9, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (E.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Adolfo Paolin
- Treviso Tissue Bank Foundation, Via Antonio Scarpa 9, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (E.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.C.V.); (A.S.); (L.E.); (E.S.); (J.R.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Frederique Savagner
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France; (I.M.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (F.S.)
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Bai Y, Carrillo JA, Li Y, He Y, Song J. Diet induced the change of mtDNA copy number and metabolism in Angus cattle. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:84. [PMID: 32699629 PMCID: PMC7372754 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grass-fed and grain-fed Angus cattle differ in the diet regimes. However, the intricate mechanisms of different beef quality and other phenotypes induced by diet differences are still unclear. Diet affects mitochondrial function and dynamic behavior in response to changes in energy demand and supply. In this study, we examined the mtDNA copy number, mitochondria-related genes expression, and metabolic biomarkers in grass-fed and grain-fed Angus cattle. Results We found that the grass-fed group had a higher mtDNA copy number than the grain-fed group. Among different tissues, the mtDNA copy number was the highest in the liver than muscle, rumen, and spleen. Based on the transcriptome of the four tissues, a lower expression of mtDNA-encoded genes in the grass-fed group compared to the grain-fed group was discovered. For the mitochondria-related nuclear genes, however, most of them were significantly down-regulated in the muscle of the grass-fed group and up-regulated in the other three tissues. In which, COX6A2, POLG2, PPIF, DCN, and NDUFA12, involving in ATP synthesis, mitochondrial replication, transcription, and maintenance, might contribute to the alterations of mtDNA copy number and gene expression. Meanwhile, 40 and 23 metabolic biomarkers were identified in the blood and muscle of the grain-fed group compared to a grass-fed group, respectively. Integrated analysis of the altered metabolites and gene expression revealed the high expression level of MDH1 in the grain-fed group might contribute to the mitochondrial NADH oxidation and spermidine metabolism for adapting the deletion mtDNA copy number. Conclusions Overall, the study may provide further deep insight into the adaptive and regulatory modulations of the mitochondrial function in response to different feeding systems in Angus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 China.,Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - José A Carrillo
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.,Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, Bowie, MD 20716 USA
| | - Yaokun Li
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Yanghua He
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.,Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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35
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Moore TM, Lin AJ, Strumwasser AR, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Nguyen CQ, Yackly A, Mahata SK, Wanagat J, Stiles L, Turcotte LP, Crosbie RH, Zhou Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is an Early Consequence of Partial or Complete Dystrophin Loss in mdx Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:690. [PMID: 32636760 PMCID: PMC7317021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by rapid wasting of skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known pathological feature of DMD. However, whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs before muscle fiber damage in DMD pathology is not well known. Furthermore, the impact upon heterozygous female mdx carriers (mdx/+), who display dystrophin mosaicism, has received little attention. We hypothesized that dystrophin deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, and that this may occur before myofiber necrosis. As a secondary complication to mitochondrial dysfunction, we also hypothesized metabolic abnormalities prior to the onset of muscle damage. In this study, we detected aberrant mitochondrial morphology, reduced cristae number, and large mitochondrial vacuoles from both male and female mdx mice prior to the onset of muscle damage. Furthermore, we systematically characterized mitochondria during disease progression starting before the onset of muscle damage, noting additional changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and regulators of mitochondrial size. We further detected mild metabolic and mitochondrial impairments in female mdx carrier mice that were exacerbated with high-fat diet feeding. Lastly, inhibition of the strong autophagic program observed in adolescent mdx male mice via administration of the autophagy inhibitor leupeptin did not improve skeletal muscle pathology. These results are in line with previous data and suggest that before the onset of myofiber necrosis, mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities are present within the mdx mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander R. Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Cory
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kate Whitney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel H. Rucker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina Q. Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aidan Yackly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lorraine P. Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachelle H. Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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36
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Yuan Y, Ju YS, Kim Y, Li J, Wang Y, Yoon CJ, Yang Y, Martincorena I, Creighton CJ, Weinstein JN, Xu Y, Han L, Kim HL, Nakagawa H, Park K, Campbell PJ, Liang H. Comprehensive molecular characterization of mitochondrial genomes in human cancers. Nat Genet 2020; 52:342-352. [PMID: 32024997 PMCID: PMC7058535 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that play critical roles in cancer. Here, as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium/The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium, which aggregated whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumor types, we performed a multidimensional, integrated characterization of mitochondrial genomes and related RNA sequencing data. Our analysis presents the most definitive mutational landscape of mitochondrial genomes and identifies several hypermutated cases. Truncating mutations are markedly enriched in kidney, colorectal and thyroid cancers, suggesting oncogenic effects with the activation of signaling pathways. We find frequent somatic nuclear transfers of mitochondrial DNA, some of which disrupt therapeutic target genes. Mitochondrial copy number varies greatly within and across cancers and correlates with clinical variables. Co-expression analysis highlights the function of mitochondrial genes in oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair and the cell cycle, and shows their connections with clinically actionable genes. Our study lays a foundation for translating mitochondrial biology into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Yoon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanxun Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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37
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Huangyang P, Li F, Lee P, Nissim I, Weljie AM, Mancuso A, Li B, Keith B, Yoon SS, Simon MC. Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase 2 Inhibits Sarcoma Progression by Restraining Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Cell Metab 2020; 31:174-188.e7. [PMID: 31761563 PMCID: PMC6949384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable cellular and genetic heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) limits the clinical benefit of targeted therapies. Here, we show that expression of the gluconeogenic isozyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 (FBP2) is silenced in a broad spectrum of sarcoma subtypes, revealing an apparent common metabolic feature shared by diverse STSs. Enforced FBP2 expression inhibits sarcoma cell and tumor growth through two distinct mechanisms. First, cytosolic FBP2 antagonizes elevated glycolysis associated with the "Warburg effect," thereby inhibiting sarcoma cell proliferation. Second, nuclear-localized FBP2 restrains mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in a catalytic-activity-independent manner by inhibiting the expression of nuclear respiratory factor and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Specifically, nuclear FBP2 colocalizes with the c-Myc transcription factor at the TFAM locus and represses c-Myc-dependent TFAM expression. This unique dual function of FBP2 provides a rationale for its selective suppression in STSs, identifying a potential metabolic vulnerability of this malignancy and possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Huangyang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fuming Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pearl Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Itzhak Nissim
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony Mancuso
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Brian Keith
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sam S Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Genomic Balance: Two Genomes Establishing Synchrony to Modulate Cellular Fate and Function. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111306. [PMID: 31652817 PMCID: PMC6912345 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that cells require cooperation between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to promote effective function. However, it was long thought that the mitochondrial genome was under the strict control of the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome had little influence on cell fate unless it was extensively mutated, as in the case of the mitochondrial DNA diseases. However, as our understanding of the roles that epigenetic regulators, including DNA methylation, and metabolism play in cell fate and function, the role of the mitochondrial genome appears to have a greater influence than previously thought. In this review, I draw on examples from tumorigenesis, stem cells, and oocyte pre- and post-fertilisation events to discuss how modulating one genome affects the other and that this results in a compromise to produce functional mature cells. I propose that, during development, both of the genomes interact with each other through intermediaries to establish genomic balance and that establishing genomic balance is a key facet in determining cell fate and viability.
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Balic JJ, Garama DJ, Saad MI, Yu L, West AC, West AJ, Livis T, Bhathal PS, Gough DJ, Jenkins BJ. Serine-Phosphorylated STAT3 Promotes Tumorigenesis via Modulation of RNA Polymerase Transcriptional Activity. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5272-5287. [PMID: 31481496 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated activation of the latent oncogenic transcription factor STAT3 in many human epithelial malignancies, including gastric cancer, has invariably been associated with its canonical tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced transcriptional activity. By contrast, serine phosphorylation (pS) of STAT3 can augment its nuclear transcriptional activity and promote essential mitochondrial functions, yet the role of pS-STAT3 among epithelial cancers is ill-defined. Here, we reveal that genetic ablation of pS-STAT3 in the gp130 F/F spontaneous gastric cancer mouse model and human gastric cancer cell line xenografts abrogated tumor growth that coincided with reduced proliferative potential of the tumor epithelium. Microarray gene expression profiling demonstrated that the suppressed gastric tumorigenesis in pS-STAT3-deficient gp130 F/F mice associated with reduced transcriptional activity of STAT3-regulated gene networks implicated in cell proliferation and migration, inflammation, and angiogenesis, but not mitochondrial function or metabolism. Notably, the protumorigenic activity of pS-STAT3 aligned with its capacity to primarily augment RNA polymerase II-mediated transcriptional elongation, but not initiation, of STAT3 target genes. Furthermore, by using a combinatorial in vitro and in vivo proteomics approach based on the rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous protein (RIME) assay, we identified RuvB-like AAA ATPase 1 (RUVBL1/Pontin) and enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) as interacting partners of pS-STAT3 that are pivotal for its transcriptional activity on STAT3 target genes. Collectively, these findings uncover a hitherto unknown transcriptional role and obligate requirement for pS-STAT3 in gastric cancer that could be extrapolated to other STAT3-driven cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal a new transcriptional role and mandatory requirement for constitutive STAT3 serine phosphorylation in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Balic
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Garama
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liang Yu
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison C West
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice J West
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thaleia Livis
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prithi S Bhathal
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Mitochondria and Female Germline Stem Cells-A Mitochondrial DNA Perspective. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080852. [PMID: 31398797 PMCID: PMC6721711 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA have important roles to play in development. In primordial germ cells, they progress from small numbers to populate the maturing oocyte with high numbers to support post-fertilization events. These processes take place under the control of significant changes in DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifiers, as well as changes to the DNA methylation status of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial DNA replication factors. Consequently, the differentiating germ cell requires significant synchrony between the two genomes in order to ensure that they are fit for purpose. In this review, I examine these processes in the context of female germline stem cells that are isolated from the ovary and those derived from embryonic stem cells and reprogrammed somatic cells. Although our knowledge is limited in this respect, I provide predictions based on other cellular systems of what is expected and provide insight into how these cells could be used in clinical medicine.
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Sun X, Johnson J, St John JC. Global DNA methylation synergistically regulates the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in glioblastoma cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5977-5995. [PMID: 29722878 PMCID: PMC6158714 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication of mitochondrial DNA is strictly regulated during differentiation and development allowing each cell type to acquire its required mtDNA copy number to meet its specific needs for energy. Undifferentiated cells establish the mtDNA set point, which provides low numbers of mtDNA copy but sufficient template for replication once cells commit to specific lineages. However, cancer cells, such as those from the human glioblastoma multiforme cell line, HSR-GBM1, cannot complete differentiation as they fail to enforce the mtDNA set point and are trapped in a ‘pseudo-differentiated’ state. Global DNA methylation is likely to be a major contributing factor, as DNA demethylation treatments promote differentiation of HSR-GBM1 cells. To determine the relationship between DNA methylation and mtDNA copy number in cancer cells, we applied whole genome MeDIP-Seq and RNA-Seq to HSR-GBM1 cells and following their treatment with the DNA demethylation agents 5-azacytidine and vitamin C. We identified key methylated regions modulated by the DNA demethylation agents that also induced synchronous changes to mtDNA copy number and nuclear gene expression. Our findings highlight the control exerted by DNA methylation on the expression of key genes, the regulation of mtDNA copy number and establishment of the mtDNA set point, which collectively contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Johnson
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Rao VV, Sangiah U, Mary KA, Akira S, Mohanty A. Role of Akirin1 in the regulation of skeletal muscle fiber-type switch. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11284-11304. [PMID: 30746755 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Akirin1 is a highly conserved ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. Owing to its strong nuclear localization signal and protein-protein interaction properties, Akirin1 has been speculated to regulate transcription of target genes as a cofactor. Previous studies have reported Akirin1 as a downstream target of myostatin, a potent negative regulator of myogenesis. Mice lacking myostatin displayed enhanced Akirin1 gene expression. Further, in vitro evidence has shown Akirin1 overexpression leads to hypertrophy in C2 C 12 myotubes. In this study, we used Akirin1 knockout mice as a model system to further elucidate the function of Akirin1 in fully differentiated skeletal muscle. Akirin1 knockout mice did not show any obvious phenotypic difference when compared with wild type. However, promoter-reporter assay suggested that Akirin1 regulated the transcription of muscle-specific RING finger 1 (MuRF-1), an important E3 ubiquitin ligase in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, ablation of Akirin1 resulted in increased type IIa and decreased type I muscle fibers, which was further supported by an increase in Myh2 and decrease in Myh7 gene expression. Also, histochemical studies for succinate dehydrogenase activity revealed a less oxidative muscle in the absence of Akirin1. Together, our study suggests a novel role of Akirin1 in maintaining the muscle fiber type and regulation of the metabolic activity of the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Venkoba Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Umamaheswari Sangiah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kavitha Arockia Mary
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Abhishek Mohanty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, MVR Cancer Center and Research Institute, Kozhikode, India
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Blandino G, Valenti F, Sacconi A, Di Agostino S. Wild type- and mutant p53 proteins in mitochondrial dysfunction: emerging insights in cancer disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:105-117. [PMID: 31112799 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated cell metabolism is one of the cancer hallmarks. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and enzyme defects, aberrant tumor suppressor or oncogenic activities cause mitochondrial dysfunction leading to deregulated cellular energetics. The tumor suppressor protein, p53 is a tetrameric transcription factor that in response to diverse genotoxic and non-genotoxic insults activates a plethora of target genes to preserve genome integrity. In the last two decades the discovery of cytoplasmic p53 localization focused intense research on its extra-nuclear functions. The ability of p53 to induce apoptosis acting directly at mitochondria and the related mechanisms of p53 localization and translocation in the cytoplasm have been investigated. A role of cytoplasmic p53 in autophagy, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, and drug response has been proposed. TP53 gene is mutated in more than half of human cancers. In parallel to loss of tumor suppressive functions, mutant p53 proteins often gain new tumorigenic activities (GOF, gain of function). It has been recently shown that mutant p53 proteins mediate metabolic changes thereby promoting cancer development and metastases. Here we review the contribution of either wild-type p53 or mutant p53 proteins to the fine-tuning of mitochondrial metabolism of both normal and cancer cells. Greater knowledge at the mechanistic level might provide insights to develop new cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy.
| | - Fabio Valenti
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, 00144, Italy.
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44
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The transgenerational effects of oocyte mitochondrial supplementation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6694. [PMID: 31040316 PMCID: PMC6491721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many women suffer from either failed fertilisation or their embryos arrest early during development. Autologous mitochondrial supplementation has been proposed as an assisted reproductive technology to overcome these problems. However, its safety remains to be tested in an animal model to determine if there are transgenerational effects. We have supplemented oocytes with autologous populations of mitochondria to generate founders. We mated the female founders and their offspring to produce three generations. We assessed litter size, the ovarian reserve, and weight gain and conducted a full histopathological analysis from each of the three generations. Across the generations, we observed significant increases in litter size and in the number of primordial follicles in the ovary matched by changes in global gene expression patterns for these early-stage oocytes. However, full histopathological analysis revealed that cardiac structure was compromised in first and second generation offspring, which could seriously affect the health of the offspring. Furthermore, the offspring were prone to increased weight gain during early life. Mitochondrial supplementation appears to perturb the regulation of the chromosomal genome resulting in transgenerational phenotypic gains and losses. These data highlight the need for caution when using autologous mitochondrial supplementation to treat female factor infertility.
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45
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Metabolic switching in pluripotent stem cells reorganizes energy metabolism and subcellular organelles. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:55-64. [PMID: 30922922 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic studies of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have focused on how the cells produce energy through the catabolic pathway. The less-studied anabolic pathway, by which hPSCs expend energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is not yet fully understood. Compared to fully differentiated somatic cells, hPSCs undergo significant changes not only in their gene expression but also in their production and/or expenditure of ATP. Here, we investigate how hPSCs tightly control their energy homeostasis by studying the main energy-consuming process, mRNA translation. In addition, change of subcellular organelles regarding energy homeostasis has been investigated. Lysosomes are organelles that play an important role in the elimination of unnecessary cellular materials by digestion and in the recycling system of the cell. We have found that hPSCs control their lysosome numbers in part by regulating lysosomal gene/protein expression. Thus, because the levels of mRNA translation rate are lower in hPSCs than in somatic cells, not only the global translational machinery but also the lysosomal recycling machinery is suppressed in hPSCs. Overall, the results of our study suggest that hPSCs reprogram gene expression and signaling to regulate energy-consuming processes and energy-controlling organelles.
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Moore TM, Zhou Z, Cohn W, Norheim F, Lin AJ, Kalajian N, Strumwasser AR, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Shirihai O, van der Bliek AM, Whitelegge JP, Seldin MM, Lusis AJ, Lee S, Drevon CA, Mahata SK, Turcotte LP, Hevener AL. The impact of exercise on mitochondrial dynamics and the role of Drp1 in exercise performance and training adaptations in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2019; 21:51-67. [PMID: 30591411 PMCID: PMC6407367 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria are organelles primarily responsible for energy production, and recent evidence indicates that alterations in size, shape, location, and quantity occur in response to fluctuations in energy supply and demand. We tested the impact of acute and chronic exercise on mitochondrial dynamics signaling and determined the impact of the mitochondrial fission regulator Dynamin related protein (Drp)1 on exercise performance and muscle adaptations to training. METHODS Wildtype and muscle-specific Drp1 heterozygote (mDrp1+/-) mice, as well as dysglycemic (DG) and healthy normoglycemic men (control) performed acute and chronic exercise. The Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, including 100 murine strains of recombinant inbred mice, was used to identify muscle Dnm1L (encodes Drp1)-gene relationships. RESULTS Endurance exercise impacted all aspects of the mitochondrial life cycle, i.e. fission-fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Dnm1L gene expression and Drp1Ser616 phosphorylation were markedly increased by acute exercise and declined to baseline during post-exercise recovery. Dnm1L expression was strongly associated with transcripts known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism and adaptations to exercise. Exercise increased the expression of DNM1L in skeletal muscle of healthy control and DG subjects, despite a 15% ↓(P = 0.01) in muscle DNM1L expression in DG at baseline. To interrogate the role of Dnm1L further, we exercise trained male mDrp1+/- mice and found that Drp1 deficiency reduced muscle endurance and running performance, and altered muscle adaptations in response to exercise training. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of mitochondrial dynamics, specifically Drp1 signaling, in the regulation of exercise performance and adaptations to endurance exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 90089-0372, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amanda J Lin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nareg Kalajian
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander R Strumwasser
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Cory
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kate Whitney
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodore Ho
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy Ho
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph L Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Rucker
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander M van der Bliek
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sindre Lee
- University Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- University Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorraine P Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 90089-0372, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Iris Cantor-UCLA Women's Health Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Ali A, Baby B, Vijayan R. From Desert to Medicine: A Review of Camel Genomics and Therapeutic Products. Front Genet 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 30838017 PMCID: PMC6389616 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels have an important role in the lives of human beings, especially in arid regions, due to their multipurpose role and unique ability to adapt to harsh conditions. In spite of its enormous economic, cultural, and biological importance, the camel genome has not been widely studied. The size of camel genome is roughly 2.38 GB, containing over 20,000 genes. The unusual genetic makeup of the camel is the main reason behind its ability to survive under extreme environmental conditions. The camel genome harbors several unique variations which are being investigated for the treatment of several disorders. Various natural products from camels have also been tested and prescribed as adjunct therapy to control the progression of ailments. Interestingly, the camel employs unique immunological and molecular mechanisms against pathogenic agents and pathological conditions. Here, we broadly review camel classification, distribution and breed as well as recent progress in the determination of the camel genome, its size, genetic distribution, response to various physiological conditions, immunogenetics and the medicinal potential of camel gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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48
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Guyatt AL, Brennan RR, Burrows K, Guthrie PAI, Ascione R, Ring SM, Gaunt TR, Pyle A, Cordell HJ, Lawlor DA, Chinnery PF, Hudson G, Rodriguez S. A genome-wide association study of mitochondrial DNA copy number in two population-based cohorts. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:6. [PMID: 30704525 PMCID: PMC6357493 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) exhibits interindividual and intercellular variation, but few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of directly assayed mtDNA CN exist. We undertook a GWAS of qPCR-assayed mtDNA CN in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the UK Blood Service (UKBS) cohort. After validating and harmonising data, 5461 ALSPAC mothers (16-43 years at mtDNA CN assay) and 1338 UKBS females (17-69 years) were included in a meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses restricted to females with white cell-extracted DNA and adjusted for estimated or assayed cell proportions. Associations were also explored in ALSPAC children and UKBS males. RESULTS A neutrophil-associated locus approached genome-wide significance (rs709591 [MED24], β (change in SD units of mtDNA CN per allele) [SE] - 0.084 [0.016], p = 1.54e-07) in the main meta-analysis of adult females. This association was concordant in magnitude and direction in UKBS males and ALSPAC neonates. SNPs in and around ABHD8 were associated with mtDNA CN in ALSPAC neonates (rs10424198, β [SE] 0.262 [0.034], p = 1.40e-14), but not other study groups. In a meta-analysis of unrelated individuals (N = 11,253), we replicated a published association in TFAM (β [SE] 0.046 [0.017], p = 0.006), with an effect size much smaller than that observed in the replication analysis of a previous in silico GWAS. CONCLUSIONS In a hypothesis-generating GWAS, we confirm an association between TFAM and mtDNA CN and present putative loci requiring replication in much larger samples. We discuss the limitations of our work, in terms of measurement error and cellular heterogeneity, and highlight the need for larger studies to better understand nuclear genomic control of mtDNA copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Guyatt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca R. Brennan
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Philip A. I. Guthrie
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan M. Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angela Pyle
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Patrick F. Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Santiago Rodriguez
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Tsai TS, Tyagi S, St John JC. The molecular characterisation of mitochondrial DNA deficient oocytes using a pig model. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:942-953. [PMID: 29546367 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the molecular differences between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-deficient and mtDNA-normal oocytes and how does mitochondrial supplementation alter these? SUMMARY ANSWER Changes to DNA methylation in a 5' cytosine-phosphate-guanine 3' (CpG) island in the mtDNA-specific replication factor (DNA polymerase gamma (POLG)) of mtDNA-deficient oocytes mediates an increase in mtDNA copy number by the 2-cell stage that positively modulates the expression of nuclear genes, which affect cellular and metabolic processes, following autologous mitochondrial supplementation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Too few copies of mtDNA in mature oocytes can lead to fertilisation failure or preimplantation embryo arrest. mtDNA-deficient oocytes that progress to blastocyst express genes associated with poor cellular and metabolic processes, transcriptional activation and mitochondrial biogenesis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Using a pig oocyte model, we assessed mtDNA-deficient and mtDNA-normal oocytes during in vitro maturation for mtDNA variants and levels of DNA methylation in POLG. We supplemented mtDNA-deficient oocytes with autologous populations of mitochondria to determine if there were changes to DNA methylation in POLG that coincided with increases in mtDNA copy number. We assessed metaphase II mtDNA-deficient and mtDNA-normal oocytes by RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and compared their profiles to blastocysts derived from mtDNA-normal, mtDNA-deficient and supplemented mtDNA-deficient oocytes. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS mtDNA variant analysis (n = 24), mtDNA copy number (n = 60), POLG gene expression (n = 24), and RNA sequencing (n = 32 single; and 12 pooled cohorts of n = 5) were performed on oocytes and embryos. DNA methylation of a CpG island in POLG was determined quantitatively by pyrosequencing on oocytes to 2-cell embryos (n = 408). Bioinformatics tools were used to assess differences between mtDNA-normal and mtDNA-deficient oocytes and between mtDNA-normal and mtDNA-deficient oocytes and supplemented oocytes and their blastocyst stage equivalents. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Whilst mtDNA-deficient oocytes regulated variants less stringently during maturation (P < 0.05), there were no differences in the ratio of variants in mature-stage oocytes. However, mtDNA-normal mature oocytes had significantly more molecules affected due to their higher copy number (P < 0.0001). Normal mature oocytes differently DNA methylated a CpG island in POLG compared with mtDNA-deficient oocytes (P < 0.01). Supplementation of mtDNA-deficient oocytes modulated DNA methylation at this CpG island leading to a mtDNA replication event prior to embryonic genome activation inducing significant increases in mtDNA copy number. RNA-Seq identified 57 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) between the two cohorts of oocytes with blastocyst stage gene expression altered by supplementation of mtDNA-deficient oocytes (P < 0.05) including genes associated with metabolic disorders. One key factor was branched chain amino acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2), a regulator of amino acid metabolism and associated with diabetes. LARGE SCALE DATA Sequence data are available on the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under the project number PRJNA422295. RNA sequencing data were deposited into NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, under the accession number GSE108900. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Whilst this work was conducted in a species that is highly relevant to human reproduction, the outcomes need to be tested in human oocytes and blastocysts prior to clinical application. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The outcomes demonstrate a mechanism of action following mtDNA supplementation of mtDNA-deficient oocytes that results in improved gene expression at the blastocyst stage of development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was funded by OvaScience Inc. OvaScience did not influence the study design, analysis of results or interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sha Tsai
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Sonika Tyagi
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
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Sun X, Vaghjiani V, Jayasekara WSN, Cain JE, St John JC. The degree of mitochondrial DNA methylation in tumor models of glioblastoma and osteosarcoma. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:157. [PMID: 30558637 PMCID: PMC6296150 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different cell types possess different copies of mtDNA to support their specific requirements for cellular metabolism. Cell-specific mtDNA copy numbers are established through cell-specific mtDNA replication during cell differentiation. However, cancer cells are trapped in a “pseudo-differentiated” state as they fail to expand mtDNA copy number. Global DNA methylation can regulate this process, as induced DNA demethylation promotes differentiation of cancer cells and expansion of mtDNA copy number. Results To determine the role that mtDNA methylation plays in regulating mtDNA replication during tumorigenesis, we have characterized the patterns of mtDNA methylation using glioblastoma and osteosarcoma tumor models that have different combinations of mtDNA genotypes and copy number against common nuclear genome backgrounds at different stages of tumor progression. To ensure the reliability of the findings, we have applied a robust experimental pipeline including three approaches, namely whole-mtDNA bisulfite-sequencing with mtDNA-genotype-specific analysis, pyrosequencing, and methylated immunoprecipitation against 5mC and 5hmC. We have determined genotype-specific methylation profiles, which were modulated through tumor progression. Moreover, a strong influence from the nuclear genome was also observed on mtDNA methylation patterns using the same mtDNA genotype under different nuclear genomes. Furthermore, the numbers of mtDNA copy in tumor-initiating cells affected mtDNA methylation levels in late-stage tumors. Conclusions Our findings highlight the influences that the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes have in setting mtDNA methylation patterns to regulate mtDNA copy number in tumorigenesis. They have important implications for assessing global DNA methylation patterns in tumorigenesis and the availability of mtDNA template for mtDNA replication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0590-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Vijesh Vaghjiani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - W Samantha N Jayasekara
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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