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Huang Q, Zhou Z, Xu L, Zhan P, Huang G. PCSK9 inhibitor attenuates cardiac fibrosis in reperfusion injury rat by suppressing inflammatory response and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 230:116563. [PMID: 39362501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Progressive cardiac fibrosis, a hallmark of heart failure, remains poorly understood regarding Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) 's role. This study aims to elucidate PCSK9's involvement in cardiac fibrosis. After ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury surgery in rats, PCSK9 inhibitors were used to examine their effects on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/small mother against decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) pathway and inflammation. Elevated PCSK9, TGF-β1, and Smad3 levels were observed in cardiac tissues post-I/R injury, indicating fibrosis. PCSK9 inhibition reduced pro-fibrotic protein expression, protecting the heart and mitigating I/R-induced damage and fibrosis. Additionally, it ameliorated cardiac inflammation and reduced post-myocardial infarction (MI) size, improving cardiac function and slowing heart failure progression. PCSK9 inhibitors significantly attenuate myocardial fibrosis induced by I/R via the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhina Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Anshun Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangwei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China.
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2
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Wang CC, Chang TY, Peng PJ, Chan DC, Chiang CK, Liu SH. Role of advanced glycation end-products in age-associated kidney dysfunction in naturally aging mice. Life Sci 2024; 354:122984. [PMID: 39151883 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the age-related decline of renal function, exacerbated by conditions, such as hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The accumulation of AGEs in the kidneys contributes to the progressive decline in renal function observed with aging. However, the precise role and mechanisms of AGEs in the age-related decline of renal function remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact and potential mechanisms of AGEs on aging kidneys in naturally aging mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: 6-, 57-, and 107-week-old. First, the 6- and 107-week-old mice were euthanized. The remaining mice were divided into young (6 weeks) and old (57 weeks) groups. The 57-week-old mice were orally administered aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg/day), an AGEs inhibitor, or vehicle for 13 weeks, resulting in a final age of 70 weeks. The serum and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical measurement, histological examination, immunohistochemistry staining, and immunoblotting analysis. KEY FINDINGS Our findings revealed a notable accumulation of AGEs in both serum and kidney tissue specimens and renal dysfunction in naturally aging mice. Aminoguanidine not only reversed AGEs accumulation but also ameliorated renal dysfunction. Additionally, aminoguanidine attenuated the upregulation of fibrosis markers (phosphorylated p38/α-SMA and C/EBP homologous protein, CHOP), senescence markers (p53 and p21), and oxidative stress marker (4-HNE) in the aging kidneys. SIGNIFICANCE These findings underscore the critical role of AGEs in age-related renal dysfunction and highlight the therapeutic potential of aminoguanidine in mitigating fibrosis and senescence, offering prospective avenues for combating age-associated renal ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jin Peng
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University & Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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3
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Xu X, Wang Y, Song Q, Zheng H, Lv J, Fu Z, Mao X, Li Y, Wu H, Zhang B. Mechanism of Zhenwu Decoction modulating TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α loop through miR-451 to delay renal fibrosis in type 2 CRS. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155632. [PMID: 38851985 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a progressive renal insufficiency in patients with chronic heart failure, but its pathophysiology is still unclear. The Chinese medicine Zhenwu Decoction plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of 2-CRS, however, its mechanism of action remains unknown. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ameliorative effect of ZWD on 2-CRS renal fibrosis is related to the modulation of miR-451 expression and thus mediating the TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α loop. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A type 2 CRS rat model was constructed using ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery + 3/4 nephrectomy, and randomly divided into Control, Sham, Model, Captopril, ZWD-L, ZWD-M and ZWD-H groups.After 4 weeks of ZWD intervention, its effects on cardiac and renal functions of type 2 CRS rats were observed by hematuria and cardiac ultrasonography. Changes in kidney tissue morphology were observed by HE, Masson and PASM staining. The protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-κB, HIF-1α and IκBα in kidney tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB and HIF-1α in renal tissues. Western blot and qPCR were used to detect the protein expression of MCP-1, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, α-SMA, FN, Smad2, Smad3, and E-cadherin in renal tissues. PCR was used to detect the protein expression of miR-451mRNA expression level in kidney tissues. RESULTS In this study, we found that ZWD was able to reduce the expression of Scr, BUN, NT-proBNP, and 24-hour quantitative urine protein, elevate LVEF, FS, CO, and reduce the level of LVIDS in type 2 CRS rats, as well as attenuate renal interstitial fibrosis and improve tubular swelling. In addition, Zhenwu Decoction up-regulated the expression of miR-451 in renal tissues and inhibited the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, and HIF-1α proteins and genes, which in turn inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors and fibrosis-related factors. CONCLUSION ZWD was able to up-regulate the expression of miR-451 in renal tissues, inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α response loop, and then inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and fibrosis-related factors, improve renal fibrosis, and delay the pathological process of type 2 CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Haoran Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyue Fu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Mao
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Kuo HL, Chuang HL, Chen CM, Chen YY, Chen YS, Lin SC, Weng PY, Liu TC, Wang PY, Huang CF, Guan SS, Liu SH, Yang SF, Wu CT. Wogonin ameliorates ER stress-associated inflammatory response, apoptotic death and renal fibrosis in a unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176676. [PMID: 38815787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Wogonin, a vital bioactive compound extracted from the medicinal plant, Scutellaria baicalensis, has been wildly used for its potential in mitigating the progression of chronic diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global health challenge due to its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality rates, and associated complications. This study aimed to assess the potential of wogonin in attenuating renal fibrosis and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms using a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model as a CKD mimic. Male mice, 8 weeks old, underwent orally administrated of either 50 mg/kg/day of wogonin or positive control of 5 mg/kg/day candesartan following UUO surgery. NRK52E cells were exposed to tumor growth factors-beta (TGF-β) to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effects of wogonin. The results demonstrated that wogonin treatment effectively attenuated TGF-β-induced fibrosis markers in NRK-52E cells. Additionally, administration of wogonin significantly improved histopathological alterations and downregulated the expression of pro-fibrotic factors (Fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, Collagen IV, E-cadherin, and TGF-β), oxidative stress markers (Catalase, superoxide dismutase 2, NADPH oxidase 4, and thioredoxin reductase 1), inflammatory molecules (Cyclooxygenase-2 and TNF-α), and the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in UUO mice. Furthermore, wogonin treatment mitigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated molecular markers (GRP78, GRP94, ATF4, CHOP, and the caspase cascade) and suppressed apoptosis. The findings indicate that wogonin treatment ameliorates key fibrotic aspects of CKD by attenuating ER stress-related apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, suggesting its potential as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Liang Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Clinical Nutrition, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Haw-Ling Chuang
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Mu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ya Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402, ROC.
| | - Yu-Syuan Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402, ROC.
| | - Ssu-Chia Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402, ROC.
| | - Pei-Yu Weng
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402, ROC.
| | - Ting-Chun Liu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402, ROC.
| | - Pei-Yun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402, ROC.
| | - Chun-Fa Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
| | - Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40402, ROC; Master Program of Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
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5
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Guo S, Tong Y, Li T, Yang K, Gao W, Peng F, Zou X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Renal Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:919. [PMID: 39199307 PMCID: PMC11352060 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is indispensable for maintaining normal life activities. Dysregulation of the ER function results in the accumulation of harmful proteins and lipids and the disruption of intracellular signaling pathways, leading to cellular dysfunction and eventual death. Protein misfolding within the ER disrupts its delicate balance, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Renal fibrosis, characterized by the aberrant proliferation of fibrotic tissue in the renal interstitium, stands as a grave consequence of numerous kidney disorders, precipitating a gradual decline in renal function. Renal fibrosis is a serious complication of many kidney conditions and is characterized by the overgrowth of fibrotic tissue in the glomerular and tubular interstitium, leading to the progressive failure of renal function. Studies have shown that, during the onset and progression of kidney disease, ERS causes various problems in the kidneys, a process that can lead to kidney fibrosis. This article elucidates the underlying intracellular signaling pathways modulated by ERS, delineating its role in triggering diverse forms of cell death. Additionally, it comprehensively explores a spectrum of potential pharmacological agents and molecular interventions aimed at mitigating ERS, thereby charting novel research avenues and therapeutic advancements in the management of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangyu Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (S.G.); (Y.T.); (T.L.); (K.Y.); (W.G.); (F.P.)
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6
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Mo C, Huang Q, Li L, Long Y, Shi Y, Lu Z, Wu N, Li Q, Zeng H, Li G, Qiu L, Gui C, Ji Q. High-mobility group box 1 and its related receptors: potential therapeutic targets for contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:2291-2299. [PMID: 38438703 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic approach for coronary heart disease. Contrast agents' exposure during PCI is associated with a risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). CI-AKI is characterized by a sudden decline in renal function occurring as a result of exposure to intravascular contrast agents, which is associated with an increased risk of poor prognosis. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CI-AKI involve renal medullary hypoxia, direct cytotoxic effects, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. To date, there is no effective therapy for CI-AKI. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is released extracellularly by damaged cells or activated immune cells and binds to related receptors, including toll-like receptors and receptor for advanced glycation end product. In renal injury, HMGB1 is expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and glomerular cells, involved in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases by activating its receptors. Therefore, this review provides a theoretical basis for HMGB1 as a therapeutic intervention target for CI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Mo
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qili Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yusheng Long
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengde Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qingkuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Huayuan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lingyue Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention and Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China.
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China.
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Noonin C, Thongboonkerd V. Curcumin prevents high glucose-induced stimulatory effects of renal cell secretome on fibroblast activation via mitigating intracellular free radicals and TGF-β secretion. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116536. [PMID: 38569274 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of kidney failure. However, the involvement of renal fibroblasts and their communications with renal epithelial cells during DKD remain poorly understood. We investigated the potential role of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in renal fibroblast activation that might lead to DKD. Additionally, the protective effects of curcumin, a known antioxidant, against renal fibroblast activation induced by high glucose-treated PTECs were investigated. Secretome was collected from HK-2 PTECs under normal glucose, high glucose, high glucose pretreated/cotreated with curcumin, or osmotic control condition for 24 h. Such secretome was then used to treat BHK-21 renal fibroblasts for 24 h. BHK-21 cells treated with high glucose-induced secretome had increased levels of fibroblast activation markers, including spindle index, F-actin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen I, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, as compared with normal glucose and osmotic control conditions. However, all these increases were successfully mitigated by curcumin. In addition, high glucose markedly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) secretion, but did not affect the secretion of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in HK-2 renal cells as compared with normal glucose and osmotic control conditions. Both intracellular ROS and secreted TGF-β levels were successfully mitigated by curcumin. Therefore, curcumin prevents the high glucose-induced stimulatory effects of renal cell secretome on fibroblast activation, at least in part, via mitigating intracellular ROS and TGF-β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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8
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Tao P, Liu H, Hou G, Lu J, Xu Y. Kangxianling formula attenuates renal fibrosis by regulating gut microbiota. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:183. [PMID: 38500195 PMCID: PMC10949625 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis (RF) produced adverse effect on kidney function. Recently, intestinal dysbiosis is a key regulator that promotes the formation of renal fibrosis. This study will focus on exploring the protective mechanism of Kangxianling Formula (KXL) on renal fibrosis from the perspective of intestinal flora. METHODS Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) was used to construct rats' model with RF, and receive KXL formula intervention for 1 week. The renal function indicators were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson and Sirus red staining were employed to detect the pathological changes of renal tissue in each group. The expression of α-SMA, Col-III, TGF-β, FN, ZO-1, and Occuludin was detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Rat feces samples were collected and analyzed for species' diversity using high-throughput sequencing 16S rRNA. RESULTS Rats in UUO groups displayed poor renal function as well as severe RF. The pro-fibrotic protein expression in renal tissues including α-SMA, Col-III, TGF-β and FN was increased in UUO rats, while ZO-1 and Occuludin -1 expression was downregulated in colon tissues. The above changes were attenuated by KXL treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that compared with the sham group, the increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria including Acinetobacter, Enterobacter and Proteobacteria and the decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria including Actinobacteriota, Bifidobacteriales, Prevotellaceae, and Lactobacillus were found in UUO group. After the administration of KXL, the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria was reduced and the abundance of beneficial bacteria was enhanced. CONCLUSION KXL displays a therapeutical potential in protecting renal function and inhibiting RF, and its mechanism of action may be associated with regulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Guangjian Hou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jianrao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yukun Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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9
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Cao Z, Ramadan A, Tai A, Zetterberg F, Panjwani N. Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Scarring Dual Effect of Galectin-3 Inhibition in Mouse Models of Corneal Wound Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:447-458. [PMID: 38159722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Corneal scarring is the third leading cause of global blindness. Neovascularization of ocular tissues is a major predisposing factor in scar development. Although corneal transplantation is effective in restoring vision, some patients are at high risk for graft rejection due to the presence of blood vessels in the injured cornea. Current treatment options for controlling corneal scarring are limited, and outcomes are typically poor. In this study, topical application of a small-molecule inhibitor of galectin-3, GB1265, in mouse models of corneal wound healing, led to the reduction of the following in injured corneas: i) corneal angiogenesis; ii) corneal fibrosis; iii) infiltration of immune cells; and iv) expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Four independent techniques (RNA sequencing, NanoString, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis) determined that decreased corneal opacity in the galectin-3 inhibitor-treated corneas was associated with decreases in the numbers of genes and signaling pathways known to promote fibrosis. These findings allowed for a high level of confidence in the conclusion that galectin-3 inhibition by the small-molecule inhibitor GB1265 has dual anti-angiogenic and anti-scarring effects. Targeting galectin-3 by GB1265 is, thus, attractive for the development of innovative therapies for a myriad of ocular and nonocular diseases characterized by pathologic angiogenesis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Cao
- New England Eye Center/Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abdulraouf Ramadan
- New England Eye Center/Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Noorjahan Panjwani
- New England Eye Center/Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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10
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Saaoud F, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Praticò D, Vazquez-Padron RI, Wang H, Yang X. Protein-rich foods, sea foods, and gut microbiota amplify immune responses in chronic diseases and cancers - Targeting PERK as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108604. [PMID: 38360205 PMCID: PMC10917129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle that is physiologically responsible for protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid biosynthesis. Pathological stimuli such as oxidative stress, ischemia, disruptions in calcium homeostasis, and increased production of normal and/or folding-defective proteins all contribute to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, causing ER stress. The adaptive response to ER stress is the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR), which affect a wide variety of cellular functions to maintain ER homeostasis or lead to apoptosis. Three different ER transmembrane sensors, including PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), are responsible for initiating UPR. The UPR involves a variety of signal transduction pathways that reduce unfolded protein accumulation by boosting ER-resident chaperones, limiting protein translation, and accelerating unfolded protein degradation. ER is now acknowledged as a critical organelle in sensing dangers and determining cell life and death. On the other hand, UPR plays a critical role in the development and progression of several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Here, we critically analyze the most current knowledge of the master regulatory roles of ER stress particularly the PERK pathway as a conditional danger receptor, an organelle crosstalk regulator, and a regulator of protein translation. We highlighted that PERK is not only ER stress regulator by sensing UPR and ER stress but also a frontier sensor and direct senses for gut microbiota-generated metabolites. Our work also further highlighted the function of PERK as a central hub that leads to metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modification which further enhanced inflammatory response and promoted trained immunity. Moreover, we highlighted the contribution of ER stress and PERK in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, CVD, kidney diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic target of ER stress and PERK for cancer treatment and the potential novel therapeutic targets for CVD, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibition of ER stress, by the development of small molecules that target the PERK and UPR, represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saaoud
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang X, Li A, Lei Z, Li D, Xing D, Zhang Y, Su W, Jiao X. TXNIP aggravates cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction after myocardial infarction in mice by enhancing the TGFB1/Smad3 pathway and promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1950-1960. [PMID: 37850269 PMCID: PMC10753373 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in high mortality. The size of fibrotic scar tissue following MI is an independent predictor of MI outcomes. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is involved in various fibrotic diseases. Its role in post-MI cardiac fibrosis, however, remains poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate the biological role of TXNIP in post-MI cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanism using mouse MI models of the wild-type (WT), Txnip-knockout ( Txnip-KO) type and Txnip-knock-in ( Txnip-KI) type. After MI, the animals present with significantly upregulated TXNIP levels, and their fibrotic areas are remarkably expanded with noticeably impaired cardiac function. These changes are further aggravated under Txnip-KI conditions but are ameliorated in Txnip-KO animals. MI also leads to increased protein levels of the fibrosis indices Collagen I, Collagen III, actin alpha 2 (ACTA2), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The Txnip-KI group exhibits the highest levels of these proteins, while the lowest levels are observed in the Txnip-KO mice. Furthermore, Txnip-KI significantly upregulates the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)B1, p-Smad3, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), Cleaved Caspase-1, and interleukin (IL)1B after MI, but these effects are markedly offset by Txnip-KO. In addition, after MI, the Smad7 level significantly decreases, particularly in the Txnip-KI mice. TXNIP may aggravate the progression of post-MI fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, followed by IL1B generation and then the enhancement of the TGFB1/Smad3 pathway. As such, TXNIP might serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of post-MI cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Department of Foreign LanguagesChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi046000China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Aiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhandong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Dongxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Dehai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Wanzhen Su
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xiangying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Educationand Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
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Xu L, Jiang H, Xie J, Xu Q, Zhou J, Lu X, Wang M, Dong L, Zuo D. Mannan-binding lectin ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21882. [PMID: 38034794 PMCID: PMC10685189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule that plays a crucial role in innate immunity. MBL deficiency correlates with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we established a CKD model in wild-type (WT) and MBL-deficient (MBL-/-) mice via unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The result showed that MBL deficiency aggravated the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in CKD mice. Strikingly, the in vivo macrophage depletion investigation revealed that macrophages play an essential role in the MBL-mediated suppression of renal fibrosis. We found that MBL limited the progression of macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) in kidney tissues of UUO mice. Further in vitro study showed that MBL-/- macrophages exhibited significantly increased levels of fibrotic-related molecules compared with WT cells upon transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) stimulation. We demonstrated that MBL inhibited the MMT process by suppressing the production of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and activation of Akt signaling. In summary, our study revealed an expected role of MBL on macrophage transition during renal fibrosis, thus offering new insight into the potential of MBL as a therapeutic target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Clinical Research Institute of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524045, China
| | - Honglian Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qishan Xu
- Clinical Research Institute of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524045, China
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- School of Medical Technology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, 476100, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Fan J, Ren M, Chen W, Wang H, He Y. Celastrol relieves myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110511. [PMID: 37343368 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a strong inflammatory response mediating by NLRP3 inflammasome which is associated with cardiac fibrosis. The key players in this response are Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18, which are regulated by NLRP3 inflammasomes. Celastrol, a traditional Chinese medicine with strong anti-inflammatory activity, has recently reported as a cardioprotective agent. However, the mechanisms by which celastrol is cardioprotective in MI remain elusive. We hypothesized that Celastrol could reduce IL-1β and IL-18 expression and ameliorate myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats, improve poor heart remodeling, and preserve heart function. METHODS Myocardial infarction (MI) was caused by ligating the left anterior descending of male SD rats. Celastrol (1 mg/kg) or saline was administered every other day for 4 weeks. Heart function and fibrosis were assessed. Inflammatory and fibrotic markers in the myocardia were evaluated with immunohistochemistry, western blot, and ELISA. Molecular docking was employed to predict Celastrol's binding to NLRP3 protein. The effects of Celastrol on the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and myocardial fibrosis genes were then examined in vitro. RESULTS Celastrol maintained the left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). Fibrosis was significantly reduced in animals treated with 1 mg/kg Celastrol (15.17 ± 1.82%) relative to controls (29.88 ± 4.28%). Celastrol also significantly reduced the NLRP3, IL-18, and IL-1β levels, together with macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the myocardium. Molecular docking predicted that NLRP3 would bind tightly to Celastrol [Docking energy: -8.9 (kcal/mol)]. In vitro experiments showed reduced NLRP3 inflammasome and myocardial fibrosis-associated proteins expression in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with Celastrol. CONCLUSIONS In post-MI rats, Celastrol, a naturally occurring active ingredient, was able to reduce myocardial fibrosis and improve cardiac function, according to our study. These effects may result from inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuating the early inflammatory storm after MI, suggesting that Celastrol may be useful in treating acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Fan
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Haodong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Yuquan He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, China.
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Srivastava A, Tomar B, Sharma D, Rath SK. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress: Role in chronic kidney disease. Life Sci 2023; 319:121432. [PMID: 36706833 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a variety of distinct disease processes that permanently change the function and structure of the kidney across months or years. CKD is characterized as a glomerular filtration defect or proteinuria that lasts longer than three months. In most instances, CKD leads to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), necessitating kidney transplantation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a typical response to damage in CKD patients. Despite the abundance of mitochondria in the kidneys, variations in mitochondrial morphological and functional characteristics have been associated with kidney inflammatory responses and injury during CKD. Despite these variations, CKD is frequently used to define some classic signs of mitochondrial dysfunction, including altered mitochondrial shape and remodeling, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and a marked decline in mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP generation. With a focus on the most significant developments and novel understandings of the involvement of mitochondrial remodeling in the course of CKD, this article offers a summary of the most recent advances in the sources of procured mitochondrial dysfunction in the advancement of CKD. Understanding mitochondrial biology and function is crucial for developing viable treatment options for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Bhawna Tomar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divyansh Sharma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Wang H, Wu J, Ma L, Bai Y, Liu J. Theroleofinterleukin-1familyinfibroticdiseases. Cytokine 2023; 165:156161. [PMID: 36921509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the phenomenon that fibrous connective tissues are increased and parenchymal cells are decreased in organs or tissues such as lung, heart, liver, kidney, skin and so on. It usually occurs at the late stage of repair of chronic or recurrent tissue damage. Fibrotic disease is the main factor for the morbidity and mortality of all tissues and organ systems. Long-term fibrosis can lead to organ and tissue dysfunction and even failure. Interleukin -1 family cytokines are a series of classical inflammatory factors and involved in the occurrence and development process of multiple fibrotic diseases, its biological function, relationship with diseases and application are more and more favored by scientists from various countries. So far, 11 cytokines and 10 receptors of IL-1 family have been identified. In this paper, the cytokines, receptors, signaling pathways and biological functions of IL-1 family are summarized, and the correlation with fibrosis diseases is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China.
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Mao Y, Yu J, Da J, Yu F, Zha Y. Acteoside alleviates UUO-induced inflammation and fibrosis by regulating the HMGN1/TLR4/TREM1 signaling pathway. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14765. [PMID: 36691481 PMCID: PMC9864189 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acteoside (Act), a phenylethanoid compound that was first isolated from mullein, has been widely used for the investigation of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect. However, the mechanism of Act against unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-mediated renal injury is largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of Act on UUO rats and possible mechanisms. METHODS A total of 20 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into three groups (n ≥ 6): (i) sham-operated group (Sham); (ii) UUO group (UUO+Saline); and (iii) UUO + Act 40 mg/kg/day, (UUO+Act); Continuous gavage administration for 2 weeks postoperatively, while the rats in Sham and UUO+saline groups were given equal amounts of saline. All rats were sacrificed after 14 days, the urine and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, the renal tissues were collected for pathological staining and immunohistochemistry. Correlations between individual proteins were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The results of renal function indexes and histopathological staining showed that Act could improve renal function by reducing serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urine protein at the same time, Act could alleviate renal inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, the results of immunohistochemistry showed that Act could reduce the expression of inflammation and kidney injury-related proteins F4/80, Mcp-1, KIM-1 proteins, as well as the expression of fibrosis-related protein α-SMA and β-catenin. More importantly, Act can also reduce the expression of HMGN1, TLR4 and TREM-1 proteins. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that Act can ameliorate UUO-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis in rats probably through triggering HMGN1/TLR4/TREM-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mao
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingjing Da
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fuxun Yu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Zha
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 stress signaling and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 in kidney disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2022:10.1007/s11010-022-04652-5. [PMID: 36586092 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Kidney disease is the 6th fastest-growing cause of death and a serious global health concern that urges effective therapeutic options. The inflammatory response is an initial reaction from immune and parenchymal cells in kidney diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 are highly expressed by various kidney cells and respond to 'signaling danger' proteins, such as high mobility group box binding protein 1 (HMGB1) and prompt the progression of kidney disease by releasing inflammatory mediators. Burgeoning reports suggest that both SGLT2 and ER stress elevates TLR2/4 signaling via different axis. Moreover, SGLT2 signaling aggravates inflammation under the disease condition by promoting the NLR family pyrin domain-containing three inflammasomes and ER stress. Intriguingly, TLR2/4 downstream adaptors activate ER stress regulators. The above-discussed interactions imply that TLR2/4 does more than immune response during kidney disease. Here, we discuss in detail evidence of the roles and regulation of TLR2/4 in the context of a relationship between ER stress and SGLT2. Also, we highlighted different preclinical studies of SGLT2 inhibitors against TLR2/4 signaling in various kidney diseases. Moreover, we discuss the observational and interventional evidence about the relation between TLR2/4, ER stress, and SGLT2, which may represent the TLR2/4 as a potential therapeutic target for kidney disease.
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18
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Zou X, Ouyang H, Lin F, Zhang H, Yang Y, Pang D, Han R, Tang X. MYBPC3 deficiency in cardiac fibroblasts drives their activation and contributes to fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:948. [PMID: 36357371 PMCID: PMC9649783 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations in the MYBPC3 gene encoding cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are the most common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Myocardial fibrosis (MF) plays a critical role in the development of HCM. However, the mechanism for mutant MYBPC3-induced MF is not well defined. In this study, we developed a R495Q mutant pig model using cytosine base editing and observed an early-onset MF in these mutant pigs shortly after birth. Unexpectedly, we found that the "cardiac-specific" MYBPC3 gene was actually expressed in cardiac fibroblasts from different species as well as NIH3T3 fibroblasts at the transcription and protein levels. CRISPR-mediated disruption of Mybpc3 in NIH3T3 fibroblasts activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which increased the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and other pro-inflammatory genes. The upregulation of TGF-β1 promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 subunit α (HIF-1α) and its downstream targets involved in glycolysis such as GLUT1, PFK, and LDHA. Consequently, the enhanced aerobic glycolysis with higher rate of ATP biosynthesis accelerated the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, contributing to the development of HCM. This work reveals an intrinsic role of MYBPC3 in maintaining cardiac fibroblast homeostasis and disruption of MYBPC3 in these cells contributes to the disease pathogenesis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Jung K, Lee T, Kim J, Sung E, Song I. Interleukin-10 Protects against Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Kidney Fibrosis by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810702. [PMID: 36142626 PMCID: PMC9504377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common final pathway of chronic kidney disease, which is a major incurable disease. Although fibrosis has an irreversible pathophysiology, the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible remain unclear and no specific treatment is available to halt the progress of renal fibrosis. Thus, an improved understanding of the cellular mechanism involved and a novel therapeutic approach are urgently required for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We investigated the role played by interleukin-10 (IL-10, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine) in kidney fibrosis and the mechanisms involved using IL-10−/− mice and TCMK-1 cells (mouse kidney tubular epithelial cell line). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and fibrosis in IL-10−/− mice were more severe than in IL-10+/+ mice after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The 4-Phenylbutyrate (an ERS inhibitor) treatment induced dramatic reductions in ERS, apoptosis, and fibrosis-associated factors in the renal tissues of IL-10−/− mice, compared to wild-type controls after UUO. On the other hand, in cultured TCMK-1 cells, the ERS inducers (tunicamycin, thapsigargin, or brefeldin A) enhanced the expressions of proapoptotic and profibrotic factors, though these effects were mitigated by IL-10. These results were supported by the observation that IL-10 siRNA transfection aggravated tunicamycin-induced CHOP and a-SMA expressions in TCMK-1 cells. We conclude that the anti-fibrotic effects of IL-10 were attributable to the inhibition of ERS-mediated apoptosis and believe that the results of this study improve the understanding of the cellular mechanism responsible for fibrosis and aid in the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyongjin Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Taejin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Eongi Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Inhwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea
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21
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The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Its Therapeutic Implications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3790721. [PMID: 36111168 PMCID: PMC9470324 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3790721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear, and it is still a challenging disease to diagnose and treat. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical part of the innate immune system in the host to defend against endogenous danger and pathogenic microbial infections. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in the overproduction of cytokines, primarily IL-1β and IL-18, and eventually, inflammatory cell death-pyroptosis. A series of studies have indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation participates in the development of DCM, and that corresponding interventions could mitigate disease progression. Accordingly, this narrative review is aimed at briefly summarizing the cell-specific role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DCM and provides novel insights into developing DCM therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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22
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Zhou X, Zhang B, Zhao X, Lin Y, Zhuang Y, Guo J, Wang S. Chlorogenic Acid Prevents Hyperuricemia Nephropathy via Regulating TMAO-Related Gut Microbes and Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10182-10193. [PMID: 35950815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an independent hazard factor of renal injury and can induce renal fibrosis, promoting the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to explore the probability of chlorogenic acid (CGA) as a potential substance for preventing hyperuricemia nephropathy (HN). Pretreatment with CGA downregulated SUA, BUN, and CR levels, relieved oxidative stress and inflammatory response, alleviated kidney fibrosis, and contributed to the prevention of HN. In the gut microbiota, Blautia, Enterococcus, and Faecalibaculum related to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) synthesis were significantly increased in HN rats. In addition, it showed a significant increase in serum TMAO content in HN rats. However, CGA regulated the cascade response of the microbiota-TMAO signaling to reverse the increase of serum TMAO. CGA also decreased the protein expression of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by reducing the production of TMAO. CGA delayed kidney fibrosis in HN rats as evidenced by regulating the cascade response of the microbiota-TMAO-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, CGA can be an excellent candidate for HN prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yongxi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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Li L, Guo ZY, Wang J, Fei PP, Ji YF, Xu CG. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits TGF‑β1‑induced renal fibrosis markers in cultured renal mesangial cells by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:432. [PMID: 35607370 PMCID: PMC9121212 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a worldwide prevalence of higher than 10% with an increasing mortality rate. As it involves the deterioration of renal function, it represents a serious risk to human health and, if left untreated, significantly lowers the quality of the patient's life. CKD is characterized by renal fibrosis. Studies have shown that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a key driving factor of renal fibrosis, is closely related to the activation of renal fibrosis pathways such as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an endogenous bile acid derivative, can effectively inhibit endogenous ERS. Here, we explored the effects and actions of TUDCA on renal fibrosis by establishing a renal mesangial cell (RMC) model. The RMC was stimulated with TGF-β1, and PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of ERS-related chaperone proteins and fibrotic indicators. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was silenced in RMC cells to investigate the role of GRP78 in renal fibrosis. Finally, PCR and western blotting were used to detect the effects of TUDCA on the expression of GRP78, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and fibronectin (FN) in the TGF-β1-stimulated RMCs. The results showed that TUDCA significantly downregulated TGF-β1-induced levels of GRP78, CHOP, α-SMA and FN in RMCs. In addition, downregulation of GRP78 inhibited the expression of FN and α-SMA in the RMCs. In conclusion, downregulation of GRP78 and CHOP expression is one of the mechanisms by which TUDCA inhibits TGF-β1-induced renal mesangial cell fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yun Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Fei Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
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24
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Jin L, Yu B, Liu G, Nie W, Wang J, Chen J, Xiao L, Xia H, Han F, Yang Y. Mitophagy induced by UMI-77 preserves mitochondrial fitness in renal tubular epithelial cells and alleviates renal fibrosis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22342. [PMID: 35524750 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200199rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final common outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which remains a huge challenge due to a lack of targeted treatment. Growing evidence suggests that during the process of CKD, the integrity and function of mitochondria in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are generally impaired and strongly connected with the progression of renal fibrosis. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, could remove aberrant mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Deficiency of mitophagy has been reported to aggravate renal fibrosis. However, whether induction of mitophagy could alleviate renal fibrosis has not been stated. In this study, we explored the effect of mitophagy activation by UMI-77, a compound recently verified to induce mitophagy, on murine CKD model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo and TECs in vitro. In UUO mice, we found the changes of mitochondrial damage, ROS production, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad pathway activation, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype and renal fibrosis, and these changes were ameliorated by mitophagy enhancement using UMI-77. Moreover, TEC apoptosis, nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling activation, and interstitial inflammation after UUO were significantly mitigated by augmented mitophagy. Then, we found UMI-77 could effectively and safely induce mitophagy in TECs in vitro, and reduced TGF-β1/Smad signaling and downstream profibrotic responses in TGF-β1-treated TECs. These changes were restored by a mitophagy inhibitor. In conclusion, we demonstrated that mitophagy activation protected against renal fibrosis through improving mitochondrial fitness, downregulating TGF-β1/Smad signaling and alleviating TEC injuries and inflammatory infiltration in kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lini Jin
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanyun Nie
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry & Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Han
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Zheng GH, Liu J, Yan Guo F, Zhang ZH, Jiang YJ, Lin YC, Lan XQ, Ren J, Wu YL, Nan JX, Hua Jin C, Lian LH. The in vitro and in vivo study of a pyrazole derivative, J-1063, as a novel anti-liver fibrosis agent: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and mechanistic analysis. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Paracrine signal emanating from stressed cardiomyocytes aggravates inflammatory microenvironment in diabetic cardiomyopathy. iScience 2022; 25:103973. [PMID: 35281739 PMCID: PMC8905320 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial inflammation contributes to cardiomyopathy in diabetic patients through incompletely defined underlying mechanisms. In both human and time-course experimental samples, diabetic hearts exhibited abnormal ER, with a maladaptive shift over time in rodents. Furthermore, as a cardiac ER dysfunction model, mice with cardiac-specific p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) deletion exhibited heightened myocardial inflammatory response in diabetes. Mechanistically, maladaptive ER stress-induced CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) is a novel transcriptional regulator of cardiac high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Cardiac stress-induced release of HMGB1 facilitates M1 macrophage polarization, aggravating myocardial inflammation. Therapeutically, sequestering the extracellular HMGB1 using glycyrrhizin conferred cardioprotection through its anti-inflammatory action. Our findings also indicated that an intact cardiac ER function and protective effects of the antidiabetic drug interdependently attenuated the cardiac inflammation-induced dysfunction. Collectively, we introduce an ER stress-mediated cardiomyocyte-macrophage link, altering the macrophage response, thereby providing insight into therapeutic prospects for diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction.
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27
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Zheng X, Xu L, Ye M, Gu T, Yao YL, Lv LB, Yu D, Yao YG. Characterizing the role of Tupaia DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) gene in viral infections. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104307. [PMID: 34748795 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3, also known as CHOP) belongs to the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family and plays an essential role in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Here, we characterized the potential role of the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) DDIT3 (tDDIT3) in viral infections. The tDDIT3 protein is highly conserved and has a species-specific insertion of the SQSS repeat upstream of the C-terminal basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. Phylogenetic analysis of DDIT3 protein sequences of tree shrew and related mammals indicated a closer genetic affinity between tree shrew and primates than between tree shrew and rodents. Three positively selected sites (PSSs: Glu83, Pro93, and Ser172) were identified in tDDIT3 based on the branch-site model. Expression analysis of tDDIT3 showed a constitutively expressed level in different tissues and a significantly increased level in tree shrew cells upon herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections. Overexpression of tDDIT3 significantly increased the production of HSV-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in tree shrew primary renal cells (TSPRCs), whereas tDDIT3 knockout in tree shrew stable cell line (TSR6 cells) had an inhibitory effect on virus production. The enhanced effect on viral infection by tDDIT3 was not associated with the three PSSs. Mechanistically, tDDIT3 overexpression inhibited type I IFN signaling. tDDIT3 interacted with tMAVS through CARD and PRR domains, but not with other immune-related factors such as tMDA5, tSTING and tTBK1. Collectively, our results revealed tDDIT3 as a negative regulator for virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China
| | - Maosen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Tianle Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China; National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650107, China.
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28
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Burgoyne RA, Fisher AJ, Borthwick LA. The Role of Epithelial Damage in the Pulmonary Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102763. [PMID: 34685744 PMCID: PMC8534416 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary epithelial cells are widely considered to be the first line of defence in the lung and are responsible for coordinating the innate immune response to injury and subsequent repair. Consequently, epithelial cells communicate with multiple cell types including immune cells and fibroblasts to promote acute inflammation and normal wound healing in response to damage. However, aberrant epithelial cell death and damage are hallmarks of pulmonary disease, with necrotic cell death and cellular senescence contributing to disease pathogenesis in numerous respiratory diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. In this review, we summarise the literature that demonstrates that epithelial damage plays a pivotal role in the dysregulation of the immune response leading to tissue destruction and abnormal remodelling in several chronic diseases. Specifically, we highlight the role of epithelial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and senescence in shaping the immune response and assess their contribution to inflammatory and fibrotic signalling pathways in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Burgoyne
- Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Andrew John Fisher
- Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Transplantation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Institute of Transplantation, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Lee Anthony Borthwick
- Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Fibrofind, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-191-208-3112
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29
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Carlisle RE, Mohammed-Ali Z, Lu C, Yousof T, Tat V, Nademi S, MacDonald ME, Austin RC, Dickhout JG. TDAG51 induces renal interstitial fibrosis through modulation of TGF-β receptor 1 in chronic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:921. [PMID: 34625532 PMCID: PMC8501078 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the gradual loss of renal function and is a major public health concern. Risk factors for CKD include hypertension and proteinuria, both of which are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress-induced TDAG51 protein expression is increased at an early time point in mice with CKD. Based on these findings, wild-type and TDAG51 knock-out (TDKO) mice were used in an angiotensin II/deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt model of CKD. Both wild-type and TDKO mice developed hypertension, increased proteinuria and albuminuria, glomerular injury, and tubular damage. However, TDKO mice were protected from apoptosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. Human proximal tubular cells were used to demonstrate that TDAG51 expression induces apoptosis through a CHOP-dependent mechanism. Further, a mouse model of intrinsic acute kidney injury demonstrated that CHOP is required for ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Renal fibroblasts were used to demonstrate that TGF-β induces collagen production through an IRE1-dependent mechanism; cells treated with a TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor prevented XBP1 splicing, a downstream consequence of IRE1 activation. Interestingly, TDKO mice express significantly less TGF-β receptor 1, thus, preventing TGF-β-mediated XBP1 splicing. In conclusion, TDAG51 induces apoptosis in the kidney through a CHOP-dependent mechanism, while contributing to renal interstitial fibrosis through a TGF-β-IRE1-XBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Carlisle
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zahraa Mohammed-Ali
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Chao Lu
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tamana Yousof
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Victor Tat
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Samera Nademi
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G Dickhout
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada.
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Liu L, Peng S, Duan M, Liu C, Li L, Zhang X, Ren B, Tian H. The role of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in regulating macrophage polarization in RAW264.7 cells. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:531-541. [PMID: 34491597 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that is endemic in Asia. Macrophages are mainly involved in the inflammatory response of late schistosoma infection. Our previous study found that C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression is significantly increased, and M2 macrophages are activated in schistosome-induced liver fibrosis mice. However, the role of CHOP in the regulation of macrophage polarization remains to be further studied. Western blotting or quantitative PCR revealed that IL-4 increased the expression of arginase-1, macrophage mannose receptor 1, phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (p-STAT6), Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), CHOP, and IL-13 receptor alpha (IL-13Rα) and induced M2 polarization in RAW264.7 as measured by flow cytometry. Inhibiting STAT6 phosphorylation (AS1517499) reduced the IL-4-induced expression of KLF4, CHOP, and IL-13Rα and also the number of M2 macrophages. The overexpression of CHOP stimulated M2 polarization, but AS1517499 inhibited this effect. CHOP increased the protein expression of KLF4 but did not change the expression of p-STAT6. Soluble egg antigen (SEA) could promote the IL-4-induced protein expression of p-STAT6, CHOP, and KLF4. Overall, the findings show that SEA can promote the activation of M2 macrophages by causing increased CHOP-induced KLF4 levels and activation of STAT6 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyun Duan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Cuiliu Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lingrui Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wusan Hospital, Jingmen, China
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Wang M, Wang L, Zhou Y, Feng X, Ye C, Wang C. Icariin attenuates renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease by inhibiting interleukin-1β/transforming growth factor-β-mediated activation of renal fibroblasts. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6204-6215. [PMID: 34426999 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities including antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. Recently, icariin has shown renoprotective role by inhibiting pathological matrix. However, the underlying mechanisms of the efficacy remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of icariin on renal fibrosis and explore its molecular mechanisms. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was induced in rats with 5/6 ablation and infarction (A/I) operation. Four weeks later, rats were treated with vehicle or 20 mg/kg (low dose) or 40 mg/kg (high dose) of icariin by daily gavage. Furthermore, to further elucidate the effect mechanisms of icariin, in vitro, NRK-49F cells stimulated by 8 ng/ml IL-1β were treated with icariin in the presence or absence of SB431542 or the neutralizing antibody of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) for 24 h. We showed that icariin treatment for 8 weeks dose-dependently improved 5/6 (A/I)-induced kidney injury and fibrosis, and blocked the release of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. In vitro, icariin inhibited IL-1β/TGF-β-mediated activation of renal fibroblasts. In summary, anti-fibrotic effects of icariin were interconnected with the inhibition of renal fibroblast activation caused by IL-1β/TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingchen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen JH, Wu CH, Chiang CK. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Proteostasis in Kidney Disease and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168674. [PMID: 34445377 PMCID: PMC8395452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological insults usually disturb the folding capacity of cellular proteins and lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which leads to so-called “ER stress”. Increasing evidence indicates that ER stress acts as a trigger factor for the development and progression of many kidney diseases. The unfolded protein responses (UPRs), a set of molecular signals that resume proteostasis under ER stress, are thought to restore the adaptive process in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the idea of targeting UPRs for CKD treatment has been well discussed in the past decade. This review summarizes the up-to-date literature regarding studies on the relationship between the UPRs, systemic fibrosis, and renal diseases. We also address the potential therapeutic possibilities of renal diseases based on the modulation of UPRs and ER proteostasis. Finally, we list some of the current UPR modulators and their therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 88347)
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Manfredi AA, Ramirez GA, Godino C, Capobianco A, Monno A, Franchini S, Tombetti E, Corradetti S, Distler JHW, Bianchi ME, Rovere-Querini P, Maugeri N. Platelet Phagocytosis via P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 and Accumulation of Microparticles in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:318-328. [PMID: 34279048 DOI: 10.1002/art.41926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear why activated platelets and platelet-derived microparticles (MPs) accumulate in the blood of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). This study was undertaken to investigate whether defective phagocytosis might contribute to MP accumulation in the blood of patients with SSc. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from a total of 81 subjects, including 25 patients with SSc and 26 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Thirty sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Studies were also conducted in NSG mice, in which the tail vein of the mice was injected with MPs, and samples of the lung parenchyma were obtained for analysis of the pulmonary microvasculature. Tissue samples from human subjects and from mice were assessed by flow cytometry and immunochemical analyses for determination of platelet-neutrophil interactions, phagocytosis, levels and distribution of P-selectin, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), and HMGB1 on platelets and MPs, and concentration of byproducts of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation/catabolism. RESULTS Activated P-selectin+ platelets and platelet-derived HMGB1+ MPs accumulated in the blood of SSc patients but not in the blood of healthy controls. Patients with CAD, a vasculopathy independent of systemic inflammation, had fewer P-selectin+ platelets and a negligible number of MPs. The expression of the receptor for P-selectin, PSGL-1, in neutrophils from SSc patients was significantly decreased, raising the possibility that phagocytes in SSc do not recognize activated platelets, leading to a failure of phagocytosis and continued neutrophil release of MPs. As evidence of this process, activated platelets were not detected in the neutrophils from SSc patients, whereas they were consistently present in the neutrophils from patients with CAD. HMGB1+ MPs elicited generation of NETs, which were only detected in the plasma of SSc patients. In mice, P-selectin-PSGL-1 interaction resulted in platelet phagocytosis in vitro and influenced the ability of MPs to elicit NETs, endothelial activation, and migration of leukocytes through the pulmonary microvasculature. CONCLUSION The clearance of activated platelets via PSGL-1 limits the undesirable effects of MP-elicited neutrophil activation. This balance is disrupted in patients with SSc. Its reconstitution might curb vascular inflammation and prevent fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo A Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cosmo Godino
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capobianco
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Franchini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Tombetti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Corradetti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Tan N, Sun CX, Zhu HJ, Li DY, Huang SG, He SD. Baicalin attenuates adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome by regulating fibrosis procession and inflammatory reaction. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1011-1021. [PMID: 34129194 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baicalin has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, blood platelet aggregation-inhibiting, free oxygen radical-clearing, and endotoxin-decreasing properties. However, its molecular mechanism involved in the treatment of Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome (NS) is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of baicalin on Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome (NS) and to characterize the genes involved in this progression. METHODS We established Adriamycin-induced NS model in 32 rats and used six rats in Sham group. Urinary total protein content and creatinine serum were assessed as physiological indicators. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes. We determined gene expression profiles using transcriptome sequencing in the rat kidney tissues from Sham, Adriamycin, and Adriamycin + baicalin groups. KEGG was carried out to analyze the enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes among these groups. RESULTS Baicalin treatment relieved renal injury in NS rats. Expression of 363 genes was significantly different between the Adriamycin and Adriamycin + baicalin M groups. Most of the differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data suggest that Adriamycin-induced NS can be attenuated by baicalin through the suppression of fibrosis-related genes and inflammatory reactions. Baicalin is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of NS, and the identified genes represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen-Xia Sun
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Yu Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Guang Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China
| | - Shou-Di He
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China.
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35
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Zhang WJ, Chen SJ, Zhou SC, Wu SZ, Wang H. Inflammasomes and Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643149. [PMID: 34177893 PMCID: PMC8226128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final common pathway of inflammatory diseases in various organs. The inflammasomes play an important role in the progression of fibrosis as innate immune receptors. There are four main members of the inflammasomes, such as NOD-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), NOD-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), among which NLRP3 inflammasome is the most studied. NLRP3 inflammasome is typically composed of NLRP3, ASC and pro-caspase-1. The activation of inflammasome involves both "classical" and "non-classical" pathways and the former pathway is better understood. The "classical" activation pathway of inflammasome is that the backbone protein is activated by endogenous/exogenous stimulation, leading to inflammasome assembly. After the formation of "classic" inflammasome, pro-caspase-1 could self-activate. Caspase-1 cleaves cytokine precursors into mature cytokines, which are secreted extracellularly. At present, the "non-classical" activation pathway of inflammasome has not formed a unified model for activation process. This article reviews the role of NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 inflammasome, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-33 in the fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shu-Juan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shun-Chang Zhou
- Department of Experimental Animals, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Zhao P, Li X, Li Y, Zhu J, Sun Y, Hong J. Mechanism of miR-365 in regulating BDNF-TrkB signal axis of HFD/STZ induced diabetic nephropathy fibrosis and renal function. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2177-2187. [PMID: 33881703 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes that leads to decline of renal function. Although numerous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the progression of DN, whether miR-365 is involved remains elusive. METHODS The successful construction of DN model was confirmed by ELSIA, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining assay. The expression of miR-365 was detected through RT-qPCR. The levels of BDNF, p-TrkB, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen IV (Col.IV), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated by western blot, IF or ELISA assays. Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the interaction between miR-365 and BDNF. RESULTS The DN mice model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Then miR-365 expression was found to upregulate in tissues of DN rat. Furthermore, elevated expression of miR-365 was found in high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells. Silencing of miR-365 suppressed the accumulation of ECM components and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in HK-2 cells. In addition, it was demonstrated that miR-365 could target BDNF. The protein levels of BDNF and p-TrkB were negatively regulated by miR-365 in HK-2 cells. Moreover, inhibition of miR-365 suppressed the levels of SMA, Col.IV, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-6, indicating the renal fibrosis was inhibited by miR-365 knockdown. CONCLUSION MiR-365 could regulate BDNF-TrkB signal axis in STZ induced DN fibrosis and renal function. The results of the current study might provide a promising biomarker for the treatment of DN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Haining People's Hospital, No. 2, Qianjiang West Road, Haizhou Street, Haining, 314400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaqiu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Haining People's Hospital, No. 2, Qianjiang West Road, Haizhou Street, Haining, 314400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Medicine, Haining People's Hospital, Haining, 314400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Haining People's Hospital, Haining, 314400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Haining People's Hospital, No. 2, Qianjiang West Road, Haizhou Street, Haining, 314400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianli Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Hengdian Wenrong Hospital, 99 Yingbin Road, Dongyang, 322118, Zhejiang, China.
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Li X, Zheng J, Chen S, Meng FD, Ning J, Sun SL. Oleandrin, a cardiac glycoside, induces immunogenic cell death via the PERK/elF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:314. [PMID: 33762577 PMCID: PMC7990929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents have been linked to immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction that is capable of augmenting anti-tumor immune surveillance. The cardiac glycoside oleandrin, which inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase pump (NKP), has been shown to suppress breast cancer growth via inducing apoptosis. In the present study, we showed that oleandrin treatment triggered breast cancer cell ICD by inducing calreticulin (CRT) exposure on cell surface and the release of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), heat shock protein 70/90 (HSP70/90), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The maturation and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) were increased by co-culturing with the oleandrin-treated cancer cells, which subsequently enhanced CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Murine breast cancer cell line EMT6 was engrafted into BALB/c mice, and tumor-bearing mice were administered with oleandrin intraperitoneally every day. Oleandrin inhibited tumor growth and increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes including DCs and T cells. Furthermore, the differential mRNA expression incurred by oleandrin was investigated by mRNA sequencing and subsequently confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Mechanistically, oleandrin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated, caspase-independent ICD mainly through PERK/elF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) suppressed oleandrin-triggered ICD. Taken together, our findings showed that oleandrin triggered ER stress and induced ICD-mediated immune destruction of breast cancer cells. Oleandrin combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors might improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Li
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Chen
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Dong Meng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of General Medicine (VIP ward) & Department of Tumor Supportive and Palliative Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lan Sun
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China.
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Ni SY, Zhong XL, Li ZH, Huang DJ, Xu WT, Zhou Y, Ou CW, Chen MS. Puerarin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting PARP-1 to Prevent HMGB1-Mediated TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 20:482-491. [PMID: 32236896 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MFs) is a crucial pathological process that results in cardiac failure in the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases. Puerarin could reportedly be used to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the exact mechanism of puerarin on MFs was not clear enough. The separated primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with puerarin. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, PARP-1, α-SMA, collagen-1, collagen-3, NF-κB pathways were examined by ELISA, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. In addition, MFs rats' model was established using transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and the degree of fibrosis was certified by masson staining. We successfully separated primary CFs, and certified that LPS induction could upregulate the levels of PARP-1, HMGB1, inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-related proteins (α-SMA, collagen-1 and collagen-3). In addition, we proved that puerarin could weaken MFs, and PARP-1 and HMGB1 expressions, which were induced by LPS in primary CFs. In terms of mechanism, HMGB1 expression could be promoted by PARP-1, and PARP-1 could attenuate the therapeutic effect of puerarin on LPS-induced MFs. Besides, PARP-1-HMGB1-NF-κB pathway was related to the protective effect of puerarin on MFs. In vivo, we also verified the protective efficacy of puerarin on MFs induced by TAC, and puerarin also regulated HMGB1-mediated TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. We demonstrated that puerarin could ameliorate MFs by downregulating PARP-1 to inhibit HMGB1-mediated TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-induced primary CFs and TAC-induced MFs rats' model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xing-Long Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Ze-Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Dong-Jian Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Wen-Ting Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Cai-Wen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Min-Sheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Chen CM, Chung YP, Liu CH, Huang KT, Guan SS, Chiang CK, Wu CT, Liu SH. Withaferin A protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the kidney of a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153352. [PMID: 33007732 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Withaferin A is a functional ingredient of a traditional medicinal plant, Withania somnifera, which has been broadly used in India for protecting against chronic diseases. This bioactive steroidal lactone possesses multiple functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and immunomodulation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major health problems worldwide with the high complication, morbidity, and mortality rates. The detailed effects and underlying mechanisms of withaferin A on CKD progression still remain to be clarified. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate whether withaferin A treatment ameliorates the development of renal fibrosis and its related mechanisms in a CKD mouse model. METHODS A mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was used to mimic the progression of CKD. Male adult C57BL/6J mice were orally administered with 3 mg/kg/day withaferin A for 14 consecutive days after UUO surgery. Candesartan (5 mg/kg/day) was used as a positive control. RESULTS Both Withaferin A and candesartan treatments significantly ameliorated the histopathological changes and collagen deposition in the UUO kidneys. Withaferin A could significantly reverse the increases in the protein levels of pro-fibrotic factors (fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β, and α-smooth muscle actin), inflammatory signaling molecules (phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB-p65, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase-2), and cleaved caspase-3, apoptosis, and infiltration of neutrophils in the UUO kidneys. The protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated molecules (GRP78, GRP94, ATF4, CHOP, phosphorylated eIF2α, and cleaved caspase 12) were increased in the kidneys of UUO mice, which could be significantly reversed by withaferin A treatment. CONCLUSION Withaferin A protects against the CKD progression that is, at least in part, associated with the moderation of ER stress-related apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the kidneys of CKD. Withaferin A may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mu Chen
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Pang Chung
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Tien Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Master Program of Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Paediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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40
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Wang R, Wu G, Dai T, Lang Y, Chi Z, Yang S, Dong D. Naringin attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:66. [PMID: 33365066 PMCID: PMC7716641 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis is a typical feature of all progressive renal diseases. The process of fibrosis is frequently coupled with the presence of pro-fibrotic factors and inflammation. Naringin is a dihydroflavone compound that has been previously reported to exhibit anti-fibrotic effects in the liver, where it prevents oxidative damage. In the present study, a rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis and fibrosis cell model were established to evaluate the effects of naringin on inflammatory proteins and fibrosis markers in kidney of rats and NRK-52E cells, and to elucidate the role of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in this mechanism. Compared with those in fibrotic NRK-52E cells that were stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), gene expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen 1 (COL1A1), collagen 3 (COL3A1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were all found to be significantly decreased in fibrotic NRK-52E cells following treatment with naringin (50, 100 and 200 ng/ml). Results from the histopathological studies showed that naringin treatment preserved the renal tissue structure and reduced the degree of fibrosis in the kidney tissues of rats that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In addition, naringin administration reduced the expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the kidneys of rats following UUO. The current study, using western blot analysis, indicated that naringin also downregulated the activation of Smad2/3 and the expression of Smad4, high-mobility group protein B1, activator protein-1, NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 whilst upregulating the expression of Smad7 in fibrotic NRK-52E cells and rats in the UUO group. In conclusion, naringin could antagonize renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Gaolei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116037, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yitian Lang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Zhongchao Chi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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41
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Hu R, Wang MQ, Liu LY, You HY, Wu XH, Liu YY, Wang YJ, Lu L, Xiao W, Wei LB. Calycosin inhibited autophagy and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating AMPK/SKP2/CARM1 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11084-11099. [PMID: 32910538 PMCID: PMC7576237 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oxidative stress and autophagy are the primary molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy. Calycosin, a major component of Radix astragali, exerts anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐autophagy effects. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of calycosin on skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) rats were used as a model of CKD. We evaluated bodyweight and levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum albumin (Alb). H&E staining, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress biomarkers, autophagosome and LC3A/B levels were performed and evaluated in skeletal muscle of CKD rat. Calycosin treatment improved bodyweight and renal function, alleviated muscle atrophy (decreased the levels of MuRF1 and MAFbx), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in skeletal muscle of CKD rats. Importantly, calycosin reduced autophagosome formation, down‐regulated the expression of LC3A/B and ATG7 through inhibition of AMPK and FOXO3a, and increased SKP2, which resulted in decreased expression of CARM1, H3R17me2a. Similar results were observed in C2C12 cells treated with TNF‐α and calycosin. Our findings showed that calycosin inhibited oxidative stress and autophagy in CKD induced skeletal muscle atrophy and in TNF‐α‐induced C2C12 myotube atrophy, partially by regulating the AMPK/SKP2/CARM1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming-Qing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling-Yu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Yan You
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- Zhongshan Huangpu People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yan-Jing Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Bo Wei
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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42
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Pan Z, Yang K, Wang H, Xiao Y, Zhang M, Yu X, Xu T, Bai T, Zhu H. MFAP4 deficiency alleviates renal fibrosis through inhibition of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. FASEB J 2020; 34:14250-14263. [PMID: 32905637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, which is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the renal tubulointerstitium, can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of microfiber-associated protein 4 (MFAP4), which is an ECM protein that interacts with elastin and collagen, in renal fibrosis has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the role of MFAP4 in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism using in vivo and in vitro models. The MFAP4-/- mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) to elucidate the role of MFAP4 in renal fibrosis in vivo. Compared to the wild-type mice, the MFAP4-/- mice exhibited decreased protein expression of p-p65 and p-IKBα and ECM deposition after UUO. The MFAP4-/- mice exhibited attenuated nuclear translocation of p65 (the hub subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway), suppressed activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathways, and downregulated expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The knockdown of MFAP4 mitigated the TGF-β-induced upregulated expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Compared to the HK-2 cells transfected with sh-MFAP4, the HK-2 cells co-transfected with sh-MFAP4 and Ad-MFAP4 exhibited severe inflammatory response and increased fibrosis-related proteins expression. Mechanistically, the knockdown of MFAP4 inhibited the activation of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and downregulated the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. The findings of this study indicate that MFAP4 is involved in UUO-induced renal fibrosis through regulation of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Pan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Three Gorges University People's Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Yusha Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengcheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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43
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Martínez-Klimova E, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Gómez-Sierra T, Jiménez-Uribe AP, Bellido B, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the promotion of fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Biofactors 2020; 46:716-733. [PMID: 32905648 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive nephropathy favors the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a severe health problem worldwide. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model is used to study the development of fibrosis. Impairment of renal mitochondria plays a crucial role in several types of CKD and has been strongly related to fibrosis onset. Nevertheless, in the UUO model, the impairment of mitochondria, their relationship with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction and the participation of both to induce the fibrotic process remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the current information about mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox dynamics, mitochondrial mass, and biogenesis alterations, as well as the relationship of these mitochondrial alterations with ER stress and their participation in fibrotic processes in UUO models. Early after obstruction, there is metabolic reprogramming related to mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation impairment, triggering lipid deposition, oxidative stress, (calcium) Ca2+ dysregulation, and a reduction in mitochondrial mass and biogenesis. Mitochondria and the ER establish a pathological feedback loop that promotes the impairment of both organelles by ER stress pathways and Ca2+ levels dysregulation. Preserving mitochondrial and ER function can prevent or at least delay the fibrotic process and loss of renal function. However, deeper understanding is still necessary for future clinically-useful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Tania Gómez-Sierra
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Belen Bellido
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
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44
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Sears SM, Sharp CN, Krueger A, Oropilla GB, Saforo D, Doll MA, Megyesi J, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. C57BL/6 mice require a higher dose of cisplatin to induce renal fibrosis and CCL2 correlates with cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F674-F685. [PMID: 32830540 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00196.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice are one of the most commonly used mouse strains in research, especially in kidney injury studies. However, C57BL/6 mice are resistant to chronic kidney disease-associated pathologies, particularly the development of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Our laboratory and others developed a more clinically relevant dosing regimen of cisplatin (7 mg/kg cisplatin once a week for 4 wk and mice euthanized at day 24) that leads to the development of progressive kidney fibrosis in FVB/n mice. However, we found that treating C57BL/6 mice with this same dosing regimen does not result in kidney fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated that increasing the dose of cisplatin to 9 mg/kg once a week for 4 wk is sufficient to consistently induce fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice while maintaining animal survival. In addition, we present that cohorts of C57BL/6 mice purchased from Jackson 1 yr apart and mice bred in-house display variability in renal outcomes following repeated low-dose cisplatin treatment. Indepth analyses of this intra-animal variability revealed C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 as a marker of cisplatin-induced kidney injury through correlation studies. In addition, significant immune cell infiltration was observed in the kidney after four doses of 9 mg/kg cisplatin, contrary to what has been previously reported. These results indicate that multiple strains of mice can be used with our repeated low-dose cisplatin model with dose optimization. Results also indicate that littermate control mice should be used with this model to account for population variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Sears
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Cierra N Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Austin Krueger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gabrielle B Oropilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Douglas Saforo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Judit Megyesi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky
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45
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Zhao Z, Hu Z, Zeng R, Yao Y. HMGB1 in kidney diseases. Life Sci 2020; 259:118203. [PMID: 32781069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nucleoprotein involving in numerous biological processes, and well known to trigger immune responses as the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in the extracellular environment. The role of HMGB1 is distinct due to its multiple functions in different subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 acts as a chaperone to regulate DNA events including DNA replication, repair and nucleosome stability. While in the cytoplasm, it is engaged in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. A great deal of research has explored its function in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. This review mainly focuses on the role of HMGB1 and summarizes the pathway and treatment targeting HMGB1 in the various renal diseases which may open the windows of opportunities for the development of desirable therapeutic ends in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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46
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Kobayashi Y, Tata A, Konkimalla A, Katsura H, Lee RF, Ou J, Banovich NE, Kropski JA, Tata PR. Persistence of a regeneration-associated, transitional alveolar epithelial cell state in pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:934-946. [PMID: 32661339 PMCID: PMC7461628 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells undergo dynamic changes in response to injury to regenerate lost cells. However, the identity of transitional states and the mechanisms that drive their trajectories remain understudied. Using lung organoids, multiple in vivo repair models, single-cell transcriptomics and lineage tracing, we find that alveolar type-2 epithelial cells undergoing differentiation into type-1 cells acquire pre-alveolar type-1 transitional cell state (PATS) en route to terminal maturation. Transitional cells undergo extensive stretching during differentiation, making them vulnerable to DNA damage. Cells in the PATS show an enrichment of TP53, TGFβ, DNA-damage-response signalling and cellular senescence. Gain and loss of function as well as genomic binding assays revealed a direct transcriptional control of PATS by TP53 signalling. Notably, accumulation of PATS-like cells in human fibrotic lungs was observed, suggesting persistence of the transitional state in fibrosis. Our study thus implicates a transient state associated with senescence in normal epithelial tissue repair and its abnormal persistence in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arvind Konkimalla
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hiroaki Katsura
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca F Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Giovannetti A, Straface E, Rosato E, Casciaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144985. [PMID: 32679721 PMCID: PMC7404317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Two main subsets of SSc are recognized: (i) diffuse cutaneous SSc with rapidly progressive fibrosis of the skin, lungs, and other internal organs; and (ii) limited cutaneous SSc, which is dominated by vascular manifestations, with skin and organ fibrosis generally limited and slowly progressing. In spite of intense investigation, both etiology and pathogenesis of SSc are still unknown. Genetic and environmental factors, as well as abnormalities of immune functions, are strongly suggested for etiology, while microvascular abnormalities, immune system activation, and oxidative stress are suggested for the pathogenesis. Recently, it has been found that a multitude of mediators and cytokines are implicated in the fibrotic processes observed in SSc. Among these, a central role could be exerted by “alarmins”, endogenous and constitutively expressed proteins/peptides that function as an intercellular signal defense. This review describes, in a detailed manner, the role of alarmins in the pathogenesis of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Giovannetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3476138512
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Rosato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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48
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Shi Z, Xu L, Xie H, Ouyang R, Ke Y, Zhou R, Yung WH. Attenuation of intermittent hypoxia-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in pulmonary tissues via suppression of ER stress activation. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:92. [PMID: 32299413 PMCID: PMC7161195 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with pulmonary fibrosis and endothelial apoptosis in pulmonary tissues. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) is considered to be the primary player in OSA, but the mechanisms underlying its effect on pulmonary tissues are unknown. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by IH treatment plays an important role in accelerating the process of fibrosis and induction of apoptosis. Methods Mice were placed in IH chambers for 4 weeks with an oscillating oxygen (O2) concentration between 5 and 21%, cycling every 90s for 8 h daily. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group (normal oxygen), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) group (normal oxygen intraperitoneally injected with TUDCA), IH group and IH + TUDCA group. After 4 weeks, the proteins in three branch signaling pathways of ER stress, including protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like/Pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), were evaluated. The cleaved caspase-3, caspase-12 and TUNNEL staining was assessed. Furthermore, the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and thrombospondin-1(TSP-1), two extracellular matrix proteins that play critical role in fibrosis, were examined. Finally, Masson’s trichrome staining was performed to detect the expression of collagen. Results After 4 weeks of IH treatment, the expressions of two ER stress markers, glucose regulated protein-78 (Grp78) and transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were increased which was prevented by administration of the ER stress attenuator, TUDCA. The expressions of PERK, but not those of ATF-6 and IRE-1, were increased. The effects of IH were accompanied by an increased number of apoptotic cells and increased expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-12 in pulmonary tissues. In addition, histological examination suggested the presence of fibrosis after chronic IH treatment, indicated by increased expression of collagen, which was associated with the up-regulation of TGF-β1 and TSP-1 that are known to promote fibrosis. Similarly, TUDCA could reduce the extent of fibrotic area and the expression levels of these proteins. Conclusions It reveals the roles of ER stress, especially the PERK pathway, in IH induced apoptosis and fibrosis in pulmonary tissues that might underlie the pulmonary complications observed in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Linhao Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central-South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Yang K, Li W, Bai T, Xiao Y, Yu W, Luo P, Cheng F. Mindin deficiency alleviates renal fibrosis through inhibiting NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5740-5750. [PMID: 32253812 PMCID: PMC7214143 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis acts as a clinical predictor in patients with chronic kidney disease and is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Our previous study suggested that mindin can function as a mediator for liver steatosis pathogenesis. However, the role of mindin in renal fibrosis remains obscure. Here, tumour necrosis factor (TGF)‐β‐treated HK‐2 cells and global mindin knockout mouse were induced with renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) to test the relationship between mindin and renal fibrosis. In vitro, mindin overexpression promoted p65—the hub subunit of the NF‐κB signalling pathway—translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, resulting in NF‐κB pathway activation in TGF‐β‐treated HK‐2 cells. Meanwhile, mindin activated the TGF‐β/Smad pathway, thereby causing fibrotic‐related protein expression in vitro. Mindin−/− mice exhibited less kidney lesions than controls, with small renal tubular expansion, inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as collagen accumulation, following renal IRI. Mechanistically, mindin−/− mice suppressed p65 translocation and deactivated NF‐κB pathway. Simultaneously, mindin disruption inhibited the TGF‐β/Smad pathway, alleviating the expression of ECM‐related proteins. Hence, mindin may be a novel target of renal IRI in the treatment of renal fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusha Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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50
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Ding H, Xu Y, Jiang N. Upregulation of miR-101a Suppresses Chronic Renal Fibrosis by Regulating KDM3A via Blockade of the YAP-TGF-β-Smad Signaling Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:1276-1289. [PMID: 32092824 PMCID: PMC7033461 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis denotes a common complication of diabetic nephropathy and is a predominant cause of end-stage renal disease. Despite the association between microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and renal fibrosis, miRNAs have been reported to play a vital role in the development of chronic renal fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible function of miR-101a in chronic renal fibrosis. Initially, microarray-based gene expression profiling of renal fibrosis was employed to screen the differentially expressed genes. An in vivo mouse model of chronic renal fibrosis induced by a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and an in vitro cell model induced by aristolochic acid (AA) were constructed. miR-101a expression was examined using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the interaction between miR-101a and KDM3A was identified using an online website combined with a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of miR-101a on the expression of Col1a1, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and YAP-TGF-β (transforming growth factor β)-Smad signaling pathway-related genes, as well as the degree of renal fibrosis. miR-101a was poorly expressed while KDM3A was robustly induced in chronic renal fibrosis tissues and cells. In addition, miR-101a could target and downregulate KDM3A expression, which led to elevated TGIF1, inhibited expression of Collagen I (Col1a1), fibronectin, α-SMA, YAP1, and TGF-β2 along with the extent of Smad2/3 phosphorylation, as well as delayed renal fibrosis degree. Besides, overexpressed YAP/TGF-β2 or inhibited TGIF1 partially restored the inhibitory effect of miR-101a on chronic renal fibrosis. Taken together, miR-101a could potentially slow down chronic renal fibrosis by the inactivation of the YAP-TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway via KDM3A, highlighting the potential of miR-101a as a therapeutic target for chronic renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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