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Ortiz A, Ayhan F, Harper M, Konopka G. Cell type specific roles of FOXP1 during early neocortical murine development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.08.598089. [PMID: 38895440 PMCID: PMC11185780 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.08.598089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cortical development is a tightly controlled process and any deviation during development may increase the susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Numerous studies identified mutations in FOXP1, a transcription factor enriched in the neocortex, as causal for ASD and FOXP1 syndrome. Our group has shown that Foxp1 deletion in the mouse cortex leads to overall reduced cortex thickness, alterations in cortical lamination, and changes in the relative thickness of cortical layers. However, the developmental and cell type-specific mechanisms underlying these changes remained unclear. This work characterizes the developmental requirement of neocortical Foxp1 at key embryonic and perinatal ages using a conditional knock-out of Foxp1. We find that Foxp1 deletion results in accelerated pseudo-age during early neurogenesis, increased cell cycle exit during late neurogenesis, altered gene expression and chromatin accessibility, and selective migration deficits in a subset of upper-layer neurons. These data explain the postnatal differences observed in cortical layers and relative cortical thickness. We also highlight genes regulated by FOXP1 and their enrichment with high-confidence ASD or synaptic genes. Together, these results underscore a network of neurodevelopmental disorder-related genes that may serve as potential modulatory targets for postnatal modification relevant to ASD and FOXP1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fatma Ayhan
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Harper
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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2
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Cesaroni CA, Pollazzon M, Mancini C, Rizzi S, Cappelletti C, Pizzi S, Frattini D, Spagnoli C, Caraffi SG, Zuntini R, Trimarchi G, Niceta M, Radio FC, Tartaglia M, Garavelli L, Fusco C. Case report: Expanding the phenotype of FOXP1-related intellectual disability syndrome and hyperkinetic movement disorder in differential diagnosis with epileptic seizures. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1207176. [PMID: 37521304 PMCID: PMC10382204 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1207176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to report on previously unappreciated clinical features associated with FOXP1-related intellectual disability (ID) syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and language delay, with or without autistic features. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to molecularly characterize an individual presenting with ID, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, behavioral problems, and facial dysmorphisms as major features. Results WES allowed us to identify a previously unreported de novo splice site variant, c.1429-1G>T (NM_032682.6), in the FOXP1 gene (OMIM*605515) as the causative event underlying the phenotype. Clinical reassessment of the patient and revision of the literature allowed us to refine the phenotype associated with FOXP1 haploinsufficiency, including hyperkinetic movement disorder and flat angiomas as associated features. Interestingly, the patient also has an asymmetric face and choanal atresia and a novel de novo variant of the CHD7 gene. Conclusion We suggest that FOXP1-related ID syndrome may also predispose to the development of hyperkinetic movement disorders and flat angiomas. These features could therefore require specific management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Cesaroni
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Rizzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Camilla Cappelletti
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spagnoli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zuntini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Trimarchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Pediatric Neurophysiology Laboratory, Mother-Child Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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3
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Chen M, Sun Y, Qian Y, Chen N, Li H, Wang L, Dong M. Case report: FOXP1 syndrome caused by a de novo splicing variant (c.1652+5 G>A) of the FOXP1 gene. Front Genet 2022; 13:926070. [PMID: 35991577 PMCID: PMC9388729 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.926070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and language delay, with or without autistic features. Several splicing variants have been reported for this condition, but most of them lack functional evidence, and the actual effects of the sequence changes are still unknown. In this study, a de novo splicing variant (c.1652 + 5 G>A) of the FOXP1 gene was identified in a patient with global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, speech delay, and autistic features. Assessed by TA-cloning, the variant promoted the skipping of exon 18 and a premature stop codon (p.Asn511*), resulting in a predicted truncated protein. This variant, that is lacking the forkhead-box DNA-binding domain and nuclear localization signal 2, may disrupt the protein function and thus cause FOXP1 syndrome-related symptoms. Our study extends the phenotypic and allelic spectra of the FOXP1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Sun
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongge Li
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Minyue Dong,
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4
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Trelles MP, Levy T, Lerman B, Siper P, Lozano R, Halpern D, Walker H, Zweifach J, Frank Y, Foss-Feig J, Kolevzon A, Buxbaum J. Individuals with FOXP1 syndrome present with a complex neurobehavioral profile with high rates of ADHD, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, and sensory symptoms. Mol Autism 2021; 12:61. [PMID: 34588003 PMCID: PMC8482569 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FOXP1 syndrome is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, speech and language delays, and externalizing behaviors. We previously evaluated nine children and adolescents with FOXP1 syndrome to better characterize its phenotype. We identified specific areas of interest to be further explored, namely autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
Methods Here, we assess a prospective cohort of additional 17 individuals to expand our initial analyses and focus on these areas of interest. An interdisciplinary group of clinicians evaluated neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and medical features in participants. We report results from this cohort both alone, and in combination with the previous cohort, where possible.
Results Previous observations of intellectual disability, motor delays, and language deficits were confirmed. In addition, 24% of the cohort met criteria for ASD. Seventy-five percent of individuals met DSM-5 criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 38% for an anxiety disorder. Repetitive behaviors were almost universally present (95%) even without a diagnosis of ASD. Sensory symptoms, in particular sensory seeking, were common. Limitations As FOXP1 syndrome is a rare disorder, sample size is limited. Conclusions These findings have important implications for the treatment and care of individuals with FOXP1 syndrome. Notably, standardized testing for ASD showed high sensitivity, but low specificity, when compared to expert consensus diagnosis. Furthermore, many individuals in our cohort who received diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or anxiety disorder were not being treated for these symptoms; therefore, our findings suggest that there may be immediate areas for improvements in treatment for some individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-021-00469-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Trelles
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tess Levy
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bonnie Lerman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paige Siper
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reymundo Lozano
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Halpern
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Walker
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Zweifach
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yitzchak Frank
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Foss-Feig
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Lin SZ, Zhou XY, Wang WQ, Jiang K. Autism with dysphasia accompanied by mental retardation caused by FOXP1 exon deletion: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6858-6866. [PMID: 34447835 PMCID: PMC8362507 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i23.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) (OMIM: 605515) at chromosomal region 3p14.1 plays an important regulatory role in cell development and functions by regulating genetic expression. Earlier studies have suggested that FOXP1, an oncogene, is capable of initiating tumorigenicity depending on the cell type. FOXP1 also plays an important role in regulating the cell development and functions of the immune system, e.g., regulating B-cell maturation and mononuclear phagocyte differentiation, and in the occurrence and development of various immune diseases. The mRNA of this gene is widely expressed in humans, and its differential expression is related to numerous diseases.
CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old boy mainly presented with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and developmental retardation accompanied by gait instability and abnormal facial features (low-set ears). DNA samples were extracted from the child’s and his parents’ peripheral blood to detect whole-exome sequences and whole-genome copy number variations. Results revealed heterozygous deletions of exon 6-21 of FOXP1 gene in the child. Physical examination upon admission showed that the child was generally in good condition, had a moderate nutritional status, a slightly slow response to external stimuli, equally large and equally round bilateral pupils, was sensitive to light reflection, and had poor eye contact and joint attention. He had no meaningful utterance and could not pronounce words properly. He was able to use gestures to simply express his thoughts, to perform simple actions, and to listen to instructions. He had no rash, cafe-au-lait macules, or depigmentation spots. He had thick black hair and low-set ears. He had highly sensitive skin, especially on his face and palms. He had no abnormal palm fingerprint. Cardiopulmonary and abdominal examinations revealed no abnormalities. He had normal limb muscle strength and tension. He showed normal tendon reflexes of both knees. His bilateral Babinski and meningeal irritation signs were negative. He had a normal male vulva.
CONCLUSION We report the characteristic features of autism with dysphasia accompanied by mental retardation caused by FOXP1 exon deletion. This study provides a molecular basis for etiological diagnosis and treatment of the child, as well as for genetic counseling for the pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Zhu Lin
- Department of Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhou
- Department of Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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6
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Lozano R, Gbekie C, Siper PM, Srivastava S, Saland JM, Sethuram S, Tang L, Drapeau E, Frank Y, Buxbaum JD, Kolevzon A. FOXP1 syndrome: a review of the literature and practice parameters for medical assessment and monitoring. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:18. [PMID: 33892622 PMCID: PMC8066957 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations or deletions that disrupt the forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) gene, which encodes a transcription factor important for the early development of many organ systems, including the brain. Numerous clinical studies have elucidated the role of FOXP1 in neurodevelopment and have characterized a phenotype. FOXP1 syndrome is associated with intellectual disability, language deficits, autism spectrum disorder, hypotonia, and congenital anomalies, including mild dysmorphic features, and brain, cardiac, and urogenital abnormalities. Here, we present a review of human studies summarizing the clinical features of individuals with FOXP1 syndrome and enlist a multidisciplinary group of clinicians (pediatrics, genetics, psychiatry, neurology, cardiology, endocrinology, nephrology, and psychology) to provide recommendations for the assessment of FOXP1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reymundo Lozano
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Catherine Gbekie
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paige M Siper
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shubhika Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Saland
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Children's Heart Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swathi Sethuram
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lara Tang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yitzchak Frank
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Guo H, Li JJ, Lu Q, Hou L. Detecting local genetic correlations with scan statistics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2033. [PMID: 33795679 PMCID: PMC8016883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic correlation analysis has quickly gained popularity in the past few years and provided insights into the genetic etiology of numerous complex diseases. However, existing approaches oversimplify the shared genetic architecture between different phenotypes and cannot effectively identify precise genetic regions contributing to the genetic correlation. In this work, we introduce LOGODetect, a powerful and efficient statistical method to identify small genome segments harboring local genetic correlation signals. LOGODetect automatically identifies genetic regions showing consistent associations with multiple phenotypes through a scan statistic approach. It uses summary association statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as input and is robust to sample overlap between studies. Applied to seven phenotypically distinct but genetically correlated neuropsychiatric traits, we identify 227 non-overlapping genome regions associated with multiple traits, including multiple hub regions showing concordant effects on five or more traits. Our method addresses critical limitations in existing analytic strategies and may have wide applications in post-GWAS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanmin Guo
- Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Lin Hou
- Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Gandawijaya J, Bamford RA, Burbach JPH, Oguro-Ando A. Cell Adhesion Molecules Involved in Neurodevelopmental Pathways Implicated in 3p-Deletion Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:611379. [PMID: 33519384 PMCID: PMC7838543 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.611379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social interaction, language delay and repetitive or restrictive behaviors. With increasing prevalence, ASD is currently estimated to affect 0.5–2.0% of the global population. However, its etiology remains unclear due to high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Copy number variations (CNVs) are implicated in several forms of syndromic ASD and have been demonstrated to contribute toward ASD development by altering gene dosage and expression. Increasing evidence points toward the p-arm of chromosome 3 (chromosome 3p) as an ASD risk locus. Deletions occurring at chromosome 3p result in 3p-deletion syndrome (Del3p), a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms and often, ASD or ASD-associated behaviors. Therefore, we hypothesize that overlapping molecular mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of Del3p and ASD. To investigate which genes encoded in chromosome 3p could contribute toward Del3p and ASD, we performed a comprehensive literature review and collated reports investigating the phenotypes of individuals with chromosome 3p CNVs. We observe that high frequencies of CNVs occur in the 3p26.3 region, the terminal cytoband of chromosome 3p. This suggests that CNVs disrupting genes encoded within the 3p26.3 region are likely to contribute toward the neurodevelopmental phenotypes observed in individuals affected by Del3p. The 3p26.3 region contains three consecutive genes encoding closely related neuronal immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecules (IgCAMs): Close Homolog of L1 (CHL1), Contactin-6 (CNTN6), and Contactin-4 (CNTN4). CNVs disrupting these neuronal IgCAMs may contribute toward ASD phenotypes as they have been associated with key roles in neurodevelopment. CHL1, CNTN6, and CNTN4 have been observed to promote neurogenesis and neuronal survival, and regulate neuritogenesis and synaptic function. Furthermore, there is evidence that these neuronal IgCAMs possess overlapping interactomes and participate in common signaling pathways regulating axon guidance. Notably, mouse models deficient for these neuronal IgCAMs do not display strong deficits in axonal migration or behavioral phenotypes, which is in contrast to the pronounced defects in neuritogenesis and axon guidance observed in vitro. This suggests that when CHL1, CNTN6, or CNTN4 function is disrupted by CNVs, other neuronal IgCAMs may suppress behavioral phenotypes by compensating for the loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josan Gandawijaya
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A Bamford
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - J Peter H Burbach
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Asami Oguro-Ando
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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9
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Palazzo O, Rass M, Brembs B. Identification of FoxP circuits involved in locomotion and object fixation in Drosophila. Open Biol 2020; 10:200295. [PMID: 33321059 PMCID: PMC7776582 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The FoxP family of transcription factors is necessary for operant self-learning, an evolutionary conserved form of motor learning. The expression pattern, molecular function and mechanisms of action of the Drosophila FoxP orthologue remain to be elucidated. By editing the genomic locus of FoxP with CRISPR/Cas9, we find that the three different FoxP isoforms are expressed in neurons, but not in glia and that not all neurons express all isoforms. Furthermore, we detect FoxP expression in, e.g. the protocerebral bridge, the fan-shaped body and in motor neurons, but not in the mushroom bodies. Finally, we discover that FoxP expression during development, but not adulthood, is required for normal locomotion and landmark fixation in walking flies. While FoxP expression in the protocerebral bridge and motor neurons is involved in locomotion and landmark fixation, the FoxP gene can be excised from dorsal cluster neurons and mushroom-body Kenyon cells without affecting these behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Palazzo
- Institut für Zoologie - Neurogenetik, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Rass
- Institut für Zoologie - Neurogenetik, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Björn Brembs
- Institut für Zoologie - Neurogenetik, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Posterior fossa decompression with or without duraplasty for patients with chiari type I malformation and basilar impression: a meta-analysis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020; 30:454-460. [PMID: 33091143 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare clinical effect and safety between posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) and posterior fossa decompression without duraplasty (PFD) in treatment of Chiari type I malformation and basilar impression. METHODS A comprehensive computer search was conducted from 2000 to 2019. The quality assessment was performed by the QUADAS-2 tool. The clinical value of comparison between PFDD and PFD was evaluated by using the pooled estimate of sensitivity and specificity. In addition, sensitivity analysis and bias analysis were applied to ensure the accuracy of the results. RESULTS Finally, 468 patients were enrolled in 6 studies and ultimately met the eligibility criteria. The PFDD and PFD groups were 282 and 186, respectively. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (COSS score) (MD = 0.14, 95% CI [-0.23, 0.50], P = 0.47; P = heterogeneity = 0.86, I2 = 0%). Meanwhile, Significant difference existed in length of stay (MD = -1.08, 95% CI [-1.32, -0.84], P = 0.001; heterogeneity P < 0.000001, I2 = 85%) and complications (OR = 0.35, 95%CI [0.20, 0.62], P = 0.0003; P for Heterogeneity = 0.04, I2 = 56%). CONCLUSION PFD is a more efficient and safer therapy than PFDD in the treatment of Chiari type I malformation with basilar impression.
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11
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Shen W, Sun B, Zhou C, Ming W, Zhang S, Wu X. CircFOXP1/FOXP1 promotes osteogenic differentiation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone regeneration in osteoporosis via miR-33a-5p. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12513-12524. [PMID: 32996692 PMCID: PMC7687013 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is defined by bone mass loss and structural bone deterioration. Currently, there are no effective therapies for OP treatment. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to have an important function in stem cell osteogenesis and to be associated with OP. Most circRNA roles in OP remain unclear. In the present study, we employed circRNA microarray to investigate circRNA expression patterns in OP and non‐OP patient bone tissues. The circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA interaction was predicted using bioinformatic analysis and confirmed by RNA FISH, RIP and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. ARS and ALP staining was used to detect the degree of osteogenic differentiation in human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) in vitro. In vivo osteogenesis in hASCs encapsulated in collagen‐based hydrogels was tested with heterotopic bone formation assay in nude mice. Our research found that circFOXP1 was significantly down‐regulated in OP patient bone tissues and functioned like a miRNA sponge targeting miR‐33a‐5p to increase FOXP1 expression. In vivo and in vitro analyses showed that circFOXP1 enhances hASC osteogenesis by sponging miR‐33a‐5p. Conversely, miR‐33a‐5p inhibits osteogenesis by targeting FOXP1 3′‐UTR and down‐regulating FOXP1 expression. These results determined that circFOXP1 binding to miR‐33a‐5p promotes hASC osteogenic differentiation by targeting FOXP1. Therefore, circFOXP7ay prevent OP and can be used as a candidate OP therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyi Ming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Inspection Division, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Co M, Anderson AG, Konopka G. FOXP transcription factors in vertebrate brain development, function, and disorders. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e375. [PMID: 31999079 PMCID: PMC8286808 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
FOXP transcription factors are an evolutionarily ancient protein subfamily coordinating the development of several organ systems in the vertebrate body. Association of their genes with neurodevelopmental disorders has sparked particular interest in their expression patterns and functions in the brain. Here, FOXP1, FOXP2, and FOXP4 are expressed in distinct cell type-specific spatiotemporal patterns in multiple regions, including the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. These varied sites and timepoints of expression have complicated efforts to link FOXP1 and FOXP2 mutations to their respective developmental disorders, the former affecting global neural functions and the latter specifically affecting speech and language. However, the use of animal models, particularly those with brain region- and cell type-specific manipulations, has greatly advanced our understanding of how FOXP expression patterns could underlie disorder-related phenotypes. While many questions remain regarding FOXP expression and function in the brain, studies to date have illuminated the roles of these transcription factors in vertebrate brain development and have greatly informed our understanding of human development and disorders. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Co
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ashley G Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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13
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Comparative Expression Analysis of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Elements in Peripheral Blood of Children with Specific Language Impairment. Balkan J Med Genet 2019; 22:49-56. [PMID: 31523620 PMCID: PMC6714331 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific language impairment (SLI) is a psychiatric condition with a complex etiology and a substantial genetic basis that affects children's verbal communication abilities. In this study, we examined the expression of five different human endogenous retrovirus elements (HERVs) in a cohort of 25 children with SLI and 25 healthy children in the control group. Human endogenous retrovirus elements, a diverse group of repetitive DNA sequences, can potentially cause considerable genetic heterogeneity. They had been integrated in the genome of our ancestors throughout evolution and now consist of about 8.0% of the human genome. Several HERV loci are transcribed in various cell types. Their expression in peripheral blood and in the brain is altered in many neurological and psychiatric diseases. To date, HERV expression profiles have never been studied in patients with SLI. This study aimed to elucidate differentially regulated human endogenous retroelements in peripheral blood of children with SLI, in comparison with healthy controls, through quantitative reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methodology. Our results show that two genes: HERV-K (HLM-2) gag and HERV-P env were expressed at lower levels in the blood samples from SLI children in comparison with those in the control group.
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14
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Jay K, Mitra A, Harding T, Matthes D, Van Ness B. Identification of a de novo FOXP1 mutation and incidental discovery of inherited genetic variants contributing to a case of autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00751. [PMID: 31111659 PMCID: PMC6625142 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder is commonly co‐diagnosed intellectual disability, language disorder, anxiety, and epilepsy, however, symptom management is difficult due to the complex genetic nature of ASD. Methods We present a next‐generation sequencing‐based case study with both de novo and inherited genetic variants and highlight the impact of structural variants on post‐translational regulation of protein expression. Since management of symptoms has classically been through pharmaceutical therapies, a pharmacogenomics screen was also utilized to determine possible drug/gene interactions. Results A de novo variant was identified within the FOXP1 3′ untranslated regulatory region using exome sequencing. Additionally, inherited variants that likely contribute to the current and potential future traits were identified within the COMT, SLC6A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 genes. Conclusion This study aims to elucidate how a collection of variant genotypes could potentially impact neural development resulting in a unique phenotype including ASD and epilepsy. Each gene's contribution to neural development is assessed, and the interplay of these genotypes is discussed. The results highlight the utility of exome sequencing in conjunction with pharmacogenomics screening when evaluating possible causes of and therapeutic treatments for ASD‐related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Jay
- College of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amit Mitra
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Taylor Harding
- College of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David Matthes
- College of Biological Sciences, Department of Biology, Teaching, and Learning, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian Van Ness
- College of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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15
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Yamamoto-Shimojima K, Okamoto N, Matsumura W, Okazaki T, Yamamoto T. Three Japanese patients with 3p13 microdeletions involving FOXP1. Brain Dev 2019; 41:257-262. [PMID: 30424912 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXP1 is known as the gene responsible for neurodevelopmental delay associated with language impairment. Broad clinical findings also include feeding difficulty, muscular hypotonia, and distinctive features. These findings are common between patients with loss-of-function mutations in FOXP1 and 3p13 microdeletion involving FOXP1. Thus, "FOXP1-related intellectual disability syndrome" is now recommended. METHODS After obtaining informed consent, chromosomal microarray testing was performed for patients with unknown etiology. RESULTS We identified three Japanese patients with 3p13 microdeletions involving FOXP1. One of the patients showed an additional 1q31.3q32.1 deletion as de novo, which was rather considered as a benign copy number variant. CONCLUSION This is the first report of patients with 3p13 microdeletions from Japan. All patients showed growth delay, moderate to severe developmental delay, hearing loss, and distinctive facial features including prominent forehead and mid facial hypoplasia. In addition, "square shaped face" commonly observed in all three patients may be a characteristic finding undescribed previously. From the obtained findings, "FOXP1-related intellectual disability syndrome" was considered to be clinically recognizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamamoto-Shimojima
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsumura
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okazaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute of Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Characterization of a recurrent missense mutation in the forkhead DNA-binding domain of FOXP1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16161. [PMID: 30385778 PMCID: PMC6212433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of Forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1), a highly conserved transcription factor, leads to developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, speech delay, and dysmorphic features. Most of the reported FOXP1 mutations occur on the C-terminus of the protein and cluster around to the forkhead domain. All reported FOXP1 pathogenic variants result in abnormal cellular localization and loss of transcriptional repression activity of the protein product. Here we present three patients with the same FOXP1 mutation, c.1574G>A (p.R525Q), that results in the characteristic loss of transcription repression activity. This mutation, however, represents the first reported FOXP1 mutation that does not result in cytoplasmic or nuclear aggregation of the protein but maintains normal nuclear localization.
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17
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Murphy E, Benítez-Burraco A. Toward the Language Oscillogenome. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1999. [PMID: 30405489 PMCID: PMC6206218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Language has been argued to arise, both ontogenetically and phylogenetically, from specific patterns of brain wiring. We argue that it can further be shown that core features of language processing emerge from particular phasal and cross-frequency coupling properties of neural oscillations; what has been referred to as the language ‘oscillome.’ It is expected that basic aspects of the language oscillome result from genetic guidance, what we will here call the language ‘oscillogenome,’ for which we will put forward a list of candidate genes. We have considered genes for altered brain rhythmicity in conditions involving language deficits: autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, specific language impairment and dyslexia. These selected genes map on to aspects of brain function, particularly on to neurotransmitter function. We stress that caution should be adopted in the construction of any oscillogenome, given the range of potential roles particular localized frequency bands have in cognition. Our aim is to propose a set of genome-to-language linking hypotheses that, given testing, would grant explanatory power to brain rhythms with respect to language processing and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish Language, Linguistics and Literary Theory, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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18
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Foxp2 regulates anatomical features that may be relevant for vocal behaviors and bipedal locomotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8799-8804. [PMID: 30104377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721820115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental human traits, such as language and bipedalism, are associated with a range of anatomical adaptations in craniofacial shaping and skeletal remodeling. However, it is unclear how such morphological features arose during hominin evolution. FOXP2 is a brain-expressed transcription factor implicated in a rare disorder involving speech apraxia and language impairments. Analysis of its evolutionary history suggests that this gene may have contributed to the emergence of proficient spoken language. In the present study, through analyses of skeleton-specific knockout mice, we identified roles of Foxp2 in skull shaping and bone remodeling. Selective ablation of Foxp2 in cartilage disrupted pup vocalizations in a similar way to that of global Foxp2 mutants, which may be due to pleiotropic effects on craniofacial morphogenesis. Our findings also indicate that Foxp2 helps to regulate strength and length of hind limbs and maintenance of joint cartilage and intervertebral discs, which are all anatomical features that are susceptible to adaptations for bipedal locomotion. In light of the known roles of Foxp2 in brain circuits that are important for motor skills and spoken language, we suggest that this gene may have been well placed to contribute to coevolution of neural and anatomical adaptations related to speech and bipedal locomotion.
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19
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Parmeggiani G, Buldrini B, Fini S, Ferlini A, Bigoni S. A New 3p14.2 Microdeletion in a Patient with Intellectual Disability and Language Impairment: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:175-181. [PMID: 30140195 PMCID: PMC6103356 DOI: 10.1159/000489842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of chromosome 3p are rare, and specific genotype-phenotype correlations cannot always be assessed. We report the case of a 3p14.2 proximal microdeletion in a 60-year-old female patient with mild intellectual disability, severe speech delay, and mild dysmorphism. An array-CGH analysis detected a 500-kb deletion in the 3p14.2 region, including FEZF2, CADPS, and PTPRG. FEZF2 and CADPS are known to network within the neurodevelopmental pathways. It is possible that their rearrangements lead to the phenotypic features observed in the patient, and therefore, they can be considered candidate genes responsible for such abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Bigoni
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Hajek CA, Ji J, Saitta SC. Interstitial Chromosome 3p13p14 Deletions: An Update and Review. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:122-133. [PMID: 29928177 DOI: 10.1159/000488168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletions of proximal chromosome 3p13p14 are infrequent chromosomal alterations. Variable sizes and breakpoints have been reported in patients with a wide range of phenotypes that are evolving as additional cases are reported. The routine use of high-density chromosomal microarrays (CMA) has allowed the identification of many more cases of this disorder and clinical phenotyping shows evidence for an emerging profile among patients with overlapping deletions of 3p13p14. Here, we review the currently reported cases, their phenotypes and where available, the genomic intervals delineated by CMA. Surprisingly, we found that a significant number of proximal chromosome 3p deletions involve structural rearrangements, especially insertions, that have been identified in balanced parental chromosome complements. This region is historically known as a common human chromosomal fragile site, although an underlying genomic mechanism related to its architecture has not been identified. We conclude that identification of an interstitial 3p deletion in a proband by CMA should prompt consideration of further structural chromosomal evaluation using more traditional cytogenetic techniques. While the variability in breakpoints does not suggest a unifying underlying mechanism for these alterations, identification of the haploinsufficient genes in each patient's deletion interval and their developmental roles can guide genotype-phenotype correlations and impact clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hajek
- Sanford Health, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Jianling Ji
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles.,Department of Pathology, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sulagna C Saitta
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles.,Department of Pathology, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Urreizti R, Damanti S, Esteve C, Franco-Valls H, Castilla-Vallmanya L, Tonda R, Cormand B, Vilageliu L, Opitz JM, Neri G, Grinberg D, Balcells S. A De Novo FOXP1 Truncating Mutation in a Patient Originally Diagnosed as C Syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:694. [PMID: 29330474 PMCID: PMC5766530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo FOXP1 mutations have been associated with intellectual disability (ID), motor delay, autistic features and a wide spectrum of speech difficulties. C syndrome (Opitz C trigonocephaly syndrome) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous condition, characterized by trigonocephaly, craniofacial anomalies and ID. Several different chromosome deletions and and point mutations in distinct genes have been associated with the disease in patients originally diagnosed as Opitz C. By whole exome sequencing we identified a de novo splicing mutation in FOXP1 in a patient, initially diagnosed as C syndrome, who suffers from syndromic intellectual disability with trigonocephaly. The mutation (c.1428 + 1 G > A) promotes the skipping of exon 16, a frameshift and a premature STOP codon (p.Ala450GLyfs*13), as assessed by a minigene strategy. The patient reported here shares speech difficulties, intellectual disability and autistic features with other FOXP1 syndrome patients, and thus the diagnosis for this patient should be changed. Finally, since trigonocephaly has not been previously reported in FOXP1 syndrome, it remains to be proved whether it may be associated with the FOXP1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Urreizti
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sarah Damanti
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca'Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Esteve
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Franco-Valls
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Castilla-Vallmanya
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Tonda
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John M Opitz
- Pediatrics Medical Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRSJD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Siper PM, De Rubeis S, Trelles MDP, Durkin A, Di Marino D, Muratet F, Frank Y, Lozano R, Eichler EE, Kelly M, Beighley J, Gerdts J, Wallace AS, Mefford HC, Bernier RA, Kolevzon A, Buxbaum JD. Prospective investigation of FOXP1 syndrome. Mol Autism 2017; 8:57. [PMID: 29090079 PMCID: PMC5655854 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haploinsufficiency of the forkhead-box protein P1 (FOXP1) gene leads to a neurodevelopmental disorder termed FOXP1 syndrome. Previous studies in individuals carrying FOXP1 mutations and deletions have described the presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits, intellectual disability, language impairment, and psychiatric features. The goal of the present study was to comprehensively characterize the genetic and clinical spectrum of FOXP1 syndrome. This is the first study to prospectively examine the genotype-phenotype relationship in multiple individuals with FOXP1 syndrome, using a battery of standardized clinical assessments. Methods Genetic and clinical data was obtained and analyzed from nine children and adolescents between the ages of 5–17 with mutations in FOXP1. Phenotypic characterization included gold standard ASD testing and norm-referenced measures of cognition, adaptive behavior, language, motor, and visual-motor integration skills. In addition, psychiatric, medical, neurological, and dysmorphology examinations were completed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians. A comprehensive review of reported cases was also performed. All missense and in-frame mutations were mapped onto the three-dimensional structure of DNA-bound FOXP1. Results We have identified nine de novo mutations, including three frameshift, one nonsense, one mutation in an essential splice site resulting in frameshift and insertion of a premature stop codon, three missense, and one in-frame deletion. Reviewing prior literature, we found seven instances of recurrent mutations and another 34 private mutations. The majority of pathogenic missense and in-frame mutations, including all four missense mutations in our cohort, lie in the DNA-binding domain. Through structural analyses, we show that the mutations perturb amino acids necessary for binding to the DNA or interfere with the domain swapping that mediates FOXP1 dimerization. Individuals with FOXP1 syndrome presented with delays in early motor and language milestones, language impairment (expressive language > receptive language), ASD symptoms, visual-motor integration deficits, and complex psychiatric presentations characterized by anxiety, obsessive-compulsive traits, attention deficits, and externalizing symptoms. Medical features included non-specific structural brain abnormalities and dysmorphic features, endocrine and gastrointestinal problems, sleep disturbances, and sinopulmonary infections. Conclusions This study identifies novel FOXP1 mutations associated with FOXP1 syndrome, identifies recurrent mutations, and demonstrates significant clustering of missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain. Clinical findings confirm the role FOXP1 plays in development across multiple domains of functioning. The genetic findings can be incorporated into clinical genetics practice to improve accurate genetic diagnosis of FOXP1 syndrome and the clinical findings can inform monitoring and treatment of individuals with FOXP1 syndrome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-017-0172-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Siper
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Maria Del Pilar Trelles
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Allison Durkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Informatics, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - François Muratet
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Yitzchak Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Reymundo Lozano
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Morgan Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Jennifer Gerdts
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | | | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, Friedman Brain Institute, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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23
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Myers A, du Souich C, Yang CL, Borovik L, Mwenifumbo J, Rupps R, Study C, Lehman A, Boerkoel CF. FOXP1 haploinsufficiency: Phenotypes beyond behavior and intellectual disability? Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:3172-3181. [PMID: 28884888 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors have roles in development, carcinogenesis, metabolism, and immunity. In humans FOXP1 mutations have been associated with language and speech defects, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, facial dysmorphisms, and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. In mice, Foxp1 plays critical roles in development of the spinal motor neurons, lymphocytes, cardiomyocytes, foregut, and skeleton. We hypothesized therefore that mutations of FOXP1 affect additional tissues in some humans. Supporting this hypothesis, we describe two individuals with novel variants of FOXP1 (NM_032682.5:c.975-2A>C and NM_032682.5:c.1574G>A) and additional features. One had a lung disease resembling neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI), and the second had a skeletal disorder with undertubulation of the long bones and relapsing-remitting fevers associated with flushing and edema. Although attribution of these traits to mutation of FOXP1 requires ascertainment of additional patients, we hypothesize that the variable expression of these additional features might arise by means of stochastic developmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota and Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Christèle du Souich
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connie L Yang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lior Borovik
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Jill Mwenifumbo
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rosemarie Rupps
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Causes Study
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota and Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Sollis E, Deriziotis P, Saitsu H, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Hoffer MJV, Ruivenkamp CAL, Alders M, Okamoto N, Bijlsma EK, Plomp AS, Fisher SE. Equivalent missense variant in the FOXP2 and FOXP1 transcription factors causes distinct neurodevelopmental disorders. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1542-1554. [PMID: 28741757 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The closely related paralogues FOXP2 and FOXP1 encode transcription factors with shared functions in the development of many tissues, including the brain. However, while mutations in FOXP2 lead to a speech/language disorder characterized by childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), the clinical profile of FOXP1 variants includes a broader neurodevelopmental phenotype with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and speech/language impairment. Using clinical whole-exome sequencing, we report an identical de novo missense FOXP1 variant identified in three unrelated patients. The variant, p.R514H, is located in the forkhead-box DNA-binding domain and is equivalent to the well-studied p.R553H FOXP2 variant that cosegregates with CAS in a large UK family. We present here for the first time a direct comparison of the molecular and clinical consequences of the same mutation affecting the equivalent residue in FOXP1 and FOXP2. Detailed functional characterization of the two variants in cell model systems revealed very similar molecular consequences, including aberrant subcellular localization, disruption of transcription factor activity, and deleterious effects on protein interactions. Nonetheless, clinical manifestations were broader and more severe in the three cases carrying the p.R514H FOXP1 variant than in individuals with the p.R553H variant related to CAS, highlighting divergent roles of FOXP2 and FOXP1 in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Sollis
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pelagia Deriziotis
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariëtte J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid S Plomp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Meerschaut I, Rochefort D, Revençu N, Pètre J, Corsello C, Rouleau GA, Hamdan FF, Michaud JL, Morton J, Radley J, Ragge N, García-Miñaúr S, Lapunzina P, Bralo MP, Mori MÁ, Moortgat S, Benoit V, Mary S, Bockaert N, Oostra A, Vanakker O, Velinov M, de Ravel TJ, Mekahli D, Sebat J, Vaux KK, DiDonato N, Hanson-Kahn AK, Hudgins L, Dallapiccola B, Novelli A, Tarani L, Andrieux J, Parker MJ, Neas K, Ceulemans B, Schoonjans AS, Prchalova D, Havlovicova M, Hancarova M, Budisteanu M, Dheedene A, Menten B, Dion PA, Lederer D, Callewaert B. FOXP1-related intellectual disability syndrome: a recognisable entity. J Med Genet 2017; 54:613-623. [PMID: 28735298 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) cause intellectual disability (ID) and specific language impairment (SLI), with or without autistic features (MIM: 613670). Despite multiple case reports no specific phenotype emerged so far. METHODS We correlate clinical and molecular data of 25 novel and 23 previously reported patients with FOXP1 defects. We evaluated FOXP1 activity by an in vitro luciferase model and assessed protein stability in vitro by western blotting. RESULTS Patients show ID, SLI, neuromotor delay (NMD) and recurrent facial features including a high broad forehead, bent downslanting palpebral fissures, ptosis and/or blepharophimosis and a bulbous nasal tip. Behavioural problems and autistic features are common. Brain, cardiac and urogenital malformations can be associated. More severe ID and NMD, sensorineural hearing loss and feeding difficulties are more common in patients with interstitial 3p deletions (14 patients) versus patients with monogenic FOXP1 defects (34 patients). Mutations result in impaired transcriptional repression and/or reduced protein stability. CONCLUSIONS FOXP1-related ID syndrome is a recognisable entity with a wide clinical spectrum and frequent systemic involvement. Our data will be helpful to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations when interpreting next-generation sequencing data obtained in patients with ID and/or SLI and will guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Meerschaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Rochefort
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole Revençu
- Centre de Génétique humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine Pètre
- Centre de Génétique humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jenny Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jessica Radley
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Nicola Ragge
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Palomares Bralo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Mori
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Moortgat
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Mary
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nele Bockaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Oostra
- Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Milen Velinov
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Thomy Jl de Ravel
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Beyster Center for Genomics of Psychiatric Diseases, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Keith K Vaux
- Departments of Medicine and Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - Nataliya DiDonato
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Andrea K Hanson-Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - An-Sofie Schoonjans
- Department of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Darina Prchalova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Marketa Havlovicova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech
| | - Magdalena Budisteanu
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, Prof Dr Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bercini, Romania
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Damien Lederer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Mendoza E, Scharff C. Protein-Protein Interaction Among the FoxP Family Members and their Regulation of Two Target Genes, VLDLR and CNTNAP2 in the Zebra Finch Song System. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:112. [PMID: 28507505 PMCID: PMC5410569 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead transcription factor FOXP2 is implicated in speech perception and production. The avian homolog, FoxP21 contributes to song learning and production in birds. In human cell lines, transcriptional activity of FOXP2 requires homo-dimerization or dimerization with paralogs FOXP1 or FOXP4. Whether FoxP dimerization occurs in the brain is unknown. We recently showed that FoxP1, FoxP2 and FoxP4 (FoxP1/2/4) proteins are co-expressed in neurons of Area X, a song control region in zebra finches. We now report on dimer- and oligomerization of zebra finch FoxPs and how this affects transcription. In cell lines and in the brain we identify homo- and hetero-dimers, and an oligomer composed of FoxP1/2/4. We further show that FoxP1/2 but not FoxP4 bind to the regulatory region of the target gene Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2). In addition, we demonstrate that FoxP1/4 bind to the regulatory region of very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), as has been shown for FoxP2 previously. Interestingly, FoxP1/2/4 individually or in combinations regulate the promoters for SV40, zebra finch VLDLR and CNTNAP2 differentially. These data exemplify the potential for complex transcriptional regulation of FoxP1/2/4, highlighting the need for future functional studies dissecting their differential regulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Mendoza
- Institut für Verhaltensbiologie, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Constance Scharff
- Institut für Verhaltensbiologie, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
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27
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Li H, Liu P, Xu S, Li Y, Dekker JD, Li B, Fan Y, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Yang G, Tang T, Ren Y, Tucker HO, Yao Z, Guo X. FOXP1 controls mesenchymal stem cell commitment and senescence during skeletal aging. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1241-1253. [PMID: 28240601 DOI: 10.1172/jci89511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of aged mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) in bone marrow is the pivot of differentiation potency from osteoblast to adipocyte coupled with a decrease in self-renewal capacity. However, how these cellular events are orchestrated in the aging progress is not fully understood. In this study, we have used molecular and genetic approaches to investigate the role of forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) in transcriptional control of MSC senescence. In bone marrow MSCs, FOXP1 expression levels declined with age in an inverse manner with those of the senescence marker p16INK4A. Conditional depletion of Foxp1 in bone marrow MSCs led to premature aging characteristics, including increased bone marrow adiposity, decreased bone mass, and impaired MSC self-renewal capacity in mice. At the molecular level, FOXP1 regulated cell-fate choice of MSCs through interactions with the CEBPβ/δ complex and recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin κ J region (RBPjκ), key modulators of adipogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. Loss of p16INK4A in Foxp1-deficient MSCs partially rescued the defects in replication capacity and bone mass accrual. Promoter occupancy analyses revealed that FOXP1 directly represses transcription of p16INK4A. These results indicate that FOXP1 attenuates MSC senescence by orchestrating their cell-fate switch while maintaining their replicative capacity in a dose- and age-dependent manner.
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28
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3p14p12 deletion syndrome: report of a new case providing further evidence of a clinically recognizable syndrome. Clin Dysmorphol 2016; 25:163-6. [PMID: 27253321 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Sollis E, Graham SA, Vino A, Froehlich H, Vreeburg M, Dimitropoulou D, Gilissen C, Pfundt R, Rappold GA, Brunner HG, Deriziotis P, Fisher SE. Identification and functional characterization of de novo FOXP1 variants provides novel insights into the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:546-57. [PMID: 26647308 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo disruptions of the neural transcription factor FOXP1 are a recently discovered, rare cause of sporadic intellectual disability (ID). We report three new cases of FOXP1-related disorder identified through clinical whole-exome sequencing. Detailed phenotypic assessment confirmed that global developmental delay, autistic features, speech/language deficits, hypotonia and mild dysmorphic features are core features of the disorder. We expand the phenotypic spectrum to include sensory integration disorder and hypertelorism. Notably, the etiological variants in these cases include two missense variants within the DNA-binding domain of FOXP1. Only one such variant has been reported previously. The third patient carries a stop-gain variant. We performed functional characterization of the three missense variants alongside our stop-gain and two previously described truncating/frameshift variants. All variants severely disrupted multiple aspects of protein function. Strikingly, the missense variants had similarly severe effects on protein function as the truncating/frameshift variants. Our findings indicate that a loss of transcriptional repression activity of FOXP1 underlies the neurodevelopmental phenotype in FOXP1-related disorder. Interestingly, the three novel variants retained the ability to interact with wild-type FOXP1, suggesting these variants could exert a dominant-negative effect by interfering with the normal FOXP1 protein. These variants also retained the ability to interact with FOXP2, a paralogous transcription factor disrupted in rare cases of speech and language disorder. Thus, speech/language deficits in these individuals might be worsened through deleterious effects on FOXP2 function. Our findings highlight that de novo FOXP1 variants are a cause of sporadic ID and emphasize the importance of this transcription factor in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Sollis
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Graham
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Arianna Vino
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Froehlich
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maaike Vreeburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht UMC, Maastricht 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Danai Dimitropoulou
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany, Interdisciplinary Center of Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany and
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht UMC, Maastricht 6202 AZ, The Netherlands, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Pelagia Deriziotis
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands,
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6525 EN, The Netherlands
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30
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Digital Karyotyping with Whole Genomic Sequencing for Complex Congenital Disorder. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:651-655. [PMID: 26674382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Li X, Xiao J, Fröhlich H, Tu X, Li L, Xu Y, Cao H, Qu J, Rappold GA, Chen JG. Foxp1 regulates cortical radial migration and neuronal morphogenesis in developing cerebral cortex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127671. [PMID: 26010426 PMCID: PMC4444005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP1 is a member of FOXP subfamily transcription factors. Mutations in FOXP1 gene have been found in various development-related cognitive disorders. However, little is known about the etiology of these symptoms, and specifically the function of FOXP1 in neuronal development. Here, we report that suppression of Foxp1 expression in mouse cerebral cortex led to a neuronal migration defect, which was rescued by overexpression of Foxp1. Mice with Foxp1 knockdown exhibited ectopic neurons in deep layers of the cortex postnatally. The neuronal differentiation of Foxp1-downregulated cells was normal. However, morphological analysis showed that the neurons with Foxp1 deficiency had an inhibited axonal growth in vitro and a weakened transition from multipolar to bipolar in vivo. Moreover, we found that the expression of Foxp1 modulated the dendritic maturation of neurons at a late postnatal date. Our results demonstrate critical roles of Foxp1 in the radial migration and morphogenesis of cortical neurons during development. This study may shed light on the complex relationship between neuronal development and the related cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Henning Fröhlich
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Lianlian Li
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Huateng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Jia Qu
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie-Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Visual Science, National Ministry of Health, and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
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32
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3p14 De Novo Interstitial Microdeletion in a Patient with Intellectual Disability and Autistic Features with Language Impairment: A Comparison with Similar Cases. Case Rep Genet 2015; 2015:876348. [PMID: 26075115 PMCID: PMC4446465 DOI: 10.1155/2015/876348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, few cases of 3p proximal interstitial deletions have been reported and the phenotype and genotype correlation is not well understood. Here, we report a new case of a 3p proximal interstitial deletion. The patient is an 11-year-old female with speech and social interaction difficulties, learning disability, and slight facial dysmorphism, but no other major malformations. An 8 Mb de novo interstitial deletion at 3p14.2-p14.1, from position 60.461.316 to 68.515.453, was revealed by means of array comparative genomic hybridization and confirmed using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. This region includes six genes: FEZF2, CADPS, SYNPR, ATXN7, PRICKLE, and MAGI1, that are known to have a role in neurodevelopment. These genes are located on the proximal side of the deletion. We compare our case with previously well-defined patients reported in the literature and databases.
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Dimitrov BI, Ogilvie C, Wieczorek D, Wakeling E, Sikkema-Raddatz B, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Josifova D. 3p14 deletion is a rare contiguous gene syndrome: report of 2 new patients and an overview of 14 patients. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1223-30. [PMID: 25908055 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of chromosome 3p14p12 are a rare chromosome rearrangement. Twenty-six patients have been reported in the literature to date, however, a specific clinical phenotype has not yet been delineated. We describe three patients (two new) with overlapping chromosome 3p14p12 deletions and review the clinical and molecular data of 11 well-characterized, published cases. These patients had a number of features in common, such as short stature, failure to thrive, facial dysmorphism, congenital heart defects, urogenital abnormalities, neurological problems, hearing loss, and global developmental delay, suggesting that the interstitial chromosome 3p14p12 deletion gives rise to a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. Some of the patients show clinical overlap with other complex syndromes such as CHARGE syndrome. Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed candidate genes for parts of the clinical features suggesting that the 3p14 deletion is a contiguous gene syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Dimitrov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Ogilvie
- Genetics Laboratories, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Wieczorek
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - E Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetic Service, North West London Hospitals, NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Sikkema-Raddatz
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C M A van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Josifova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Hara E, Perez JM, Whitney O, Chen Q, White SA, Wright TF. Neural FoxP2 and FoxP1 expression in the budgerigar, an avian species with adult vocal learning. Behav Brain Res 2015; 283:22-9. [PMID: 25601574 PMCID: PMC4351178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vocal learning underlies acquisition of both language in humans and vocal signals in some avian taxa. These bird groups and humans exhibit convergent developmental phases and associated brain pathways for vocal communication. The transcription factor FoxP2 plays critical roles in vocal learning in humans and songbirds. Another member of the forkhead box gene family, FoxP1 also shows high expression in brain areas involved in vocal learning and production. Here, we investigate FoxP2 and FoxP1 mRNA and protein in adult male budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a parrot species that exhibits vocal learning as both juveniles and adults. To examine these molecules in adult vocal learners, we compared their expression patterns in the budgerigar striatal nucleus involved in vocal learning, magnocellular nucleus of the medial striatum (MMSt), across birds with different vocal states, such as vocalizing to a female (directed), vocalizing alone (undirected), and non-vocalizing. We found that both FoxP2 mRNA and protein expressions were consistently lower in MMSt than in the adjacent striatum regardless of the vocal states, whereas previous work has shown that songbirds exhibit down-regulation in the homologous region, Area X, only after singing alone. In contrast, FoxP1 levels were high in MMSt compared to the adjacent striatum in all groups. Taken together these results strengthen the general hypothesis that FoxP2 and FoxP1 have specialized expression in vocal nuclei across a range of taxa, and suggest that the adult vocal plasticity seen in budgerigars may be a product of persistent down-regulation of FoxP2 in MMSt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Hara
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States.
| | - Jemima M Perez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States
| | - Osceola Whitney
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Interdepartment Program of Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Stephanie A White
- Interdepartment Program of Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Timothy F Wright
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States
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Lozano R, Vino A, Lozano C, Fisher SE, Deriziotis P. A de novo FOXP1 variant in a patient with autism, intellectual disability and severe speech and language impairment. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1702-7. [PMID: 25853299 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP1 (forkhead box protein P1) is a transcription factor involved in the development of several tissues, including the brain. An emerging phenotype of patients with protein-disrupting FOXP1 variants includes global developmental delay, intellectual disability and mild to severe speech/language deficits. We report on a female child with a history of severe hypotonia, autism spectrum disorder and mild intellectual disability with severe speech/language impairment. Clinical exome sequencing identified a heterozygous de novo FOXP1 variant c.1267_1268delGT (p.V423Hfs*37). Functional analyses using cellular models show that the variant disrupts multiple aspects of FOXP1 activity, including subcellular localization and transcriptional repression properties. Our findings highlight the importance of performing functional characterization to help uncover the biological significance of variants identified by genomics approaches, thereby providing insight into pathways underlying complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, our data support the hypothesis that de novo variants represent significant causal factors in severe sporadic disorders and extend the phenotype seen in individuals with FOXP1 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reymundo Lozano
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Vino
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Lozano
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pelagia Deriziotis
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mendoza E, Tokarev K, Düring DN, Retamosa EC, Weiss M, Arpenik N, Scharff C. Differential coexpression of FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) song system. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:1318-40. [PMID: 25556631 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous disruptions of the Forkhead transcription factor FoxP2 impair acquisition of speech and language. Experimental downregulation in brain region Area X of the avian ortholog FoxP2 disrupts song learning in juvenile male zebra finches. In vitro, transcriptional activity of FoxP2 requires dimerization with itself or with paralogs FoxP1 and FoxP4. Whether this is the case in vivo is unknown. To provide the means for future functional studies we cloned FoxP4 from zebra finches and compared regional and cellular coexpression of FoxP1, FoxP2, and FoxP4 mRNA and protein in brains of juvenile and adult male zebra finches. In the telencephalic song nuclei HVC, RA, and Area X, the three investigated FoxPs were either expressed alone or occurred in specific combinations with each other, as shown by double in situ hybridization and triple immunohistochemistry. FoxP1 and FoxP4 but not FoxP2 were expressed in RA and in the HVCRA and HVCX projection neurons. In Area X and the surrounding striatum the density of neurons expressing all three FoxPs together or FoxP1 and FoxP4 together was significantly higher than the density of neurons expressing other combinations. Interestingly, the proportions of Area X neurons expressing particular combinations of FoxPs remained constant at all ages. In addition, FoxP-expressing neurons in adult Area X express dopamine receptors 1A, 1B, and 2. Together, these data provide the first evidence that Area X neurons can coexpress all avian FoxP subfamily members, thus allowing for a variety of regulatory possibilities via heterodimerization that could impact song behavior in zebra finches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Mendoza
- Institut für Verhaltensbiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Murray E, McCabe P, Heard R, Ballard KJ. Differential diagnosis of children with suspected childhood apraxia of speech. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2015; 58:43-60. [PMID: 25480674 DOI: 10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-12-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The gold standard for diagnosing childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is expert judgment of perceptual features. The aim of this study was to identify a set of objective measures that differentiate CAS from other speech disorders. METHOD Seventy-two children (4-12 years of age) diagnosed with suspected CAS by community speech-language pathologists were screened. Forty-seven participants underwent diagnostic assessment including presence or absence of perceptual CAS features. Twenty-eight children met two sets of diagnostic criteria for CAS (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2007b; Shriberg, Potter, & Strand, 2009); another 4 met the CAS criteria with comorbidity. Fifteen were categorized as non-CAS with phonological impairment, submucous cleft, or dysarthria. Following this, 24 different measures from the diagnostic assessment were rated by blinded raters. Multivariate discriminant function analysis was used to identify the combination of measures that best predicted expert diagnoses. RESULTS The discriminant function analysis model, including syllable segregation, lexical stress matches, percentage phonemes correct from a polysyllabic picture-naming task, and articulatory accuracy on repetition of /pətəkə/, reached 91% diagnostic accuracy against expert diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Polysyllabic production accuracy and an oral motor examination that includes diadochokinesis may be sufficient to reliably identify CAS and rule out structural abnormality or dysarthria. Testing with a larger unselected sample is required.
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Song H, Makino Y, Noguchi E, Arinami T. A case report of de novo missense FOXP1 mutation in a non-Caucasian patient with global developmental delay and severe speech impairment. Clin Case Rep 2014; 3:110-3. [PMID: 25767709 PMCID: PMC4352365 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The FOXP protein family (FOXP1-4) is a group of transcription factors that play important roles in embryological, immunological, hematological, and speech and language development. Here, we report FOXP1 de novo mutation and severe speech delay in an individual belonging to a non-Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, Tsukuba
| | - Yuka Makino
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, Tsukuba
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, Tsukuba
| | - Tadao Arinami
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, Tsukuba
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Condro MC, White SA. Distribution of language-related Cntnap2 protein in neural circuits critical for vocal learning. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:169-85. [PMID: 23818387 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the contactin associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2) gene are risk factors for language-related disorders including autism spectrum disorder, specific language impairment, and stuttering. Songbirds are useful models for study of human speech disorders due to their shared capacity for vocal learning, which relies on similar cortico-basal ganglia circuitry and genetic factors. Here we investigate Cntnap2 protein expression in the brain of the zebra finch, a songbird species in which males, but not females, learn their courtship songs. We hypothesize that Cntnap2 has overlapping functions in vocal learning species, and expect to find protein expression in song-related areas of the zebra finch brain. We further expect that the distribution of this membrane-bound protein may not completely mirror its mRNA distribution due to the distinct subcellular localization of the two molecular species. We find that Cntnap2 protein is enriched in several song control regions relative to surrounding tissues, particularly within the adult male, but not female, robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), a cortical song control region analogous to human layer 5 primary motor cortex. The onset of this sexually dimorphic expression coincides with the onset of sensorimotor learning in developing males. Enrichment in male RA appears due to expression in projection neurons within the nucleus, as well as to additional expression in nerve terminals of cortical projections to RA from the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the nidopallium. Cntnap2 protein expression in zebra finch brain supports the hypothesis that this molecule affects neural connectivity critical for vocal learning across taxonomic classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Condro
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095
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Blanco Sánchez T, Duat Rodríguez A, Cantarín Extremera V, Lapunzina P, Palomares Bralo M, Nevado Blanco J. [Clinical phenotype of a patient with FOXP1 deletion]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014; 82:280-1. [PMID: 25037997 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Blanco Sánchez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España.
| | - A Duat Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - V Cantarín Extremera
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - P Lapunzina
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, España
| | - M Palomares Bralo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Unidad de Genómica Estructural y Funcional, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - J Nevado Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Unidad de Genómica Estructural y Funcional, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
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Kato M, Okanoya K, Koike T, Sasaki E, Okano H, Watanabe S, Iriki A. Human speech- and reading-related genes display partially overlapping expression patterns in the marmoset brain. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2014; 133:26-38. [PMID: 24769279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Language is a characteristic feature of human communication. Several familial language impairments have been identified, and candidate genes for language impairments already isolated. Studies comparing expression patterns of these genes in human brain are necessary to further understanding of these genes. However, it is difficult to examine gene expression in human brain. In this study, we used a non-human primate (common marmoset; Callithrix jacchus) as a biological model of the human brain to investigate expression patterns of human speech- and reading-related genes. Expression patterns of speech disorder- (FoxP2, FoxP1, CNTNAP2, and CMIP) and dyslexia- (ROBO1, DCDC2, and KIAA0319) related genes were analyzed. We found the genes displayed overlapping expression patterns in the ocular, auditory, and motor systems. Our results enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying language impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Laboratory for Biolinguistics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Center for Advanced Research on Logic and Sensibility (CARLS), Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Laboratory for Biolinguistics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Taku Koike
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; KEIO-RIKEN Research Center for Human Cognition, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; KEIO-RIKEN Research Center for Human Cognition, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan; Keio University Joint Research Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeru Watanabe
- KEIO-RIKEN Research Center for Human Cognition, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan; Center for Advanced Research on Logic and Sensibility (CARLS), Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; KEIO-RIKEN Research Center for Human Cognition, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan; Center for Advanced Research on Logic and Sensibility (CARLS), Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan.
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Chen Q, Heston JB, Burkett ZD, White SA. Expression analysis of the speech-related genes FoxP1 and FoxP2 and their relation to singing behavior in two songbird species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 216:3682-92. [PMID: 24006346 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.085886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Humans and songbirds are among the rare animal groups that exhibit socially learned vocalizations: speech and song, respectively. These vocal-learning capacities share a reliance on audition and cortico-basal ganglia circuitry, as well as neurogenetic mechanisms. Notably, the transcription factors Forkhead box proteins 1 and 2 (FoxP1, FoxP2) exhibit similar expression patterns in the cortex and basal ganglia of humans and the zebra finch species of songbird, among other brain regions. Mutations in either gene are associated with language disorders in humans. Experimental knock-down of FoxP2 in the basal ganglia song control region Area X during song development leads to imprecise copying of tutor songs. Moreover, FoxP2 levels decrease naturally within Area X when zebra finches sing. Here, we examined neural expression patterns of FoxP1 and FoxP2 mRNA in adult Bengalese finches, a songbird species whose songs exhibit greater sequence complexity and increased reliance on audition for maintaining their quality. We found that FoxP1 and FoxP2 expression in Bengalese finches is similar to that in zebra finches, including strong mRNA signals for both factors in multiple song control nuclei and enhancement of FoxP1 in these regions relative to surrounding brain tissue. As with zebra finches, when Bengalese finches sing, FoxP2 is behaviorally downregulated within basal ganglia Area X over a similar time course, and expression negatively correlates with the amount of singing. This study confirms that in multiple songbird species, FoxP1 expression highlights song control regions, and regulation of FoxP2 is associated with motor control of song.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Condro MC, White SA. Recent Advances in the Genetics of Vocal Learning. COMPARATIVE COGNITION & BEHAVIOR REVIEWS 2014; 9:75-98. [PMID: 26052371 DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2014.90003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Language is a complex communicative behavior unique to humans, and its genetic basis is poorly understood. Genes associated with human speech and language disorders provide some insights, originating with the FOXP2 transcription factor, a mutation in which is the source of an inherited form of developmental verbal dyspraxia. Subsequently, targets of FOXP2 regulation have been associated with speech and language disorders, along with other genes. Here, we review these recent findings that implicate genetic factors in human speech. Due to the exclusivity of language to humans, no single animal model is sufficient to study the complete behavioral effects of these genes. Fortunately, some animals possess subcomponents of language. One such subcomponent is vocal learning, which though rare in the animal kingdom, is shared with songbirds. We therefore discuss how songbird studies have contributed to the current understanding of genetic factors that impact human speech, and support the continued use of this animal model for such studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Condro
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Stephanie A White
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles
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Worthey EA, Raca G, Laffin JJ, Wilk BM, Harris JM, Jakielski KJ, Dimmock DP, Strand EA, Shriberg LD. Whole-exome sequencing supports genetic heterogeneity in childhood apraxia of speech. J Neurodev Disord 2013; 5:29. [PMID: 24083349 PMCID: PMC3851280 DOI: 10.1186/1866-1955-5-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a rare, severe, persistent pediatric motor speech disorder with associated deficits in sensorimotor, cognitive, language, learning and affective processes. Among other neurogenetic origins, CAS is the disorder segregating with a mutation in FOXP2 in a widely studied, multigenerational London family. We report the first whole-exome sequencing (WES) findings from a cohort of 10 unrelated participants, ages 3 to 19 years, with well-characterized CAS. Methods As part of a larger study of children and youth with motor speech sound disorders, 32 participants were classified as positive for CAS on the basis of a behavioral classification marker using auditory-perceptual and acoustic methods that quantify the competence, precision and stability of a speaker’s speech, prosody and voice. WES of 10 randomly selected participants was completed using the Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx Sequencing System. Image analysis, base calling, demultiplexing, read mapping, and variant calling were performed using Illumina software. Software developed in-house was used for variant annotation, prioritization and interpretation to identify those variants likely to be deleterious to neurodevelopmental substrates of speech-language development. Results Among potentially deleterious variants, clinically reportable findings of interest occurred on a total of five chromosomes (Chr3, Chr6, Chr7, Chr9 and Chr17), which included six genes either strongly associated with CAS (FOXP1 and CNTNAP2) or associated with disorders with phenotypes overlapping CAS (ATP13A4, CNTNAP1, KIAA0319 and SETX). A total of 8 (80%) of the 10 participants had clinically reportable variants in one or two of the six genes, with variants in ATP13A4, KIAA0319 and CNTNAP2 being the most prevalent. Conclusions Similar to the results reported in emerging WES studies of other complex neurodevelopmental disorders, our findings from this first WES study of CAS are interpreted as support for heterogeneous genetic origins of this pediatric motor speech disorder with multiple genes, pathways and complex interactions. We also submit that our findings illustrate the potential use of WES for both gene identification and case-by-case clinical diagnostics in pediatric motor speech disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Worthey
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Le Fevre AK, Taylor S, Malek NH, Horn D, Carr CW, Abdul-Rahman OA, O'Donnell S, Burgess T, Shaw M, Gecz J, Bain N, Fagan K, Hunter MF. FOXP1 mutations cause intellectual disability and a recognizable phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:3166-75. [PMID: 24214399 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in FOXP1, located at 3p13, have been reported in patients with global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability (ID), and speech defects. Mutations in FOXP2, located at 7q31, are well known to cause developmental speech and language disorders, particularly developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD). FOXP2 has been shown to work co-operatively with FOXP1 in mouse development. An overlap in FOXP1 and FOXP2 expression, both in the songbird and human fetal brain, has suggested that FOXP1 may also have a role in speech and language disorders. We report on a male child with a 0.19 MB intragenic deletion that is predicted to result in haploinsufficiency of FOXP1. Review of our patient and others reported in the literature reveals an emerging phenotype of GDD/ID with moderate to severe speech delay where expressive speech is most severely affected. DVD appears not to be a distinct feature in this group. Facial features include a broad forehead, downslanting palpebral fissures, a short nose with broad tip, relative or true macrocephaly, a frontal hair upsweep and prominent digit pads. Autistic traits and other behavioral problems are likely to be associated with haploinsufficiency of FOXP1. Congenital malformations may be associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Le Fevre
- Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Schwaibold EMC, Zoll B, Burfeind P, Hobbiebrunken E, Wilken B, Funke R, Shoukier M. A 3p interstitial deletion in two monozygotic twin brothers and an 18-year-old man: further characterization and review. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2634-40. [PMID: 23949945 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of patients with 3p proximal deletions were reported in the previous decade, but the region responsible for the main features such as intellectual disability (ID) and developmental delay is not yet characterized. Here we report on two monozygotic twin brothers of 2 10/12 years and an 18-year-old man, all three of them displaying severe ID, psychomotoric delay, autistic features, and only mild facial dysmorphisms. Array CGH (aCGH), revealed a 6.55 Mb de novo interstitial deletion of 3p14.1p14.3 in the twin brothers and a 4.76 Mb interstitial deletion of 3p14.1p14.2 in the 18-year-old patient, respectively. We compared the malformation spectrum with previous molecularly well-defined patients in the literature and in the DECIPHER database (Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources; http://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/). In conclusion, the deletion of a region containing 3p14.2 seems to be associated with a relative concise phenotype including ID and developmental delay. Thus, we hypothesize that 3p14.2 is the potential core region in 3p proximal deletions. The knowledge of this potential core region could be helpful in the genetic counselling of patients with 3p proximal deletions, especially concerning their phenotype.
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Welsch M, Antes S, Kiefer M, Meyer S, Eymann R. Association of Chiari malformation and vitamin B12 deficit in a family. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:1193-8. [PMID: 23468202 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A clear etiology of Chiari malformation is still lacking. Some associations between this disorder and genetical variations have been reported. Documented cases of familial Chiari malformation in three consecutive generations are rare. Furthermore, an association of Chiari disorder and vitamin B12 deficit has rarely been described in literature. METHODS In this study, three generations of a family suffering from Chiari 1 or Chiari 0 malformation have been examined with MRI, clinically and laboratory (hemograms). RESULTS Chiari malformation could be confirmed in all presented patients: While the F2 generation (children: 1 × ♀, 1 × ♂) and the female F1 generation (mother and sister of mother) suffered from Chiari type 1, the male F0 generation showed Chiari 0 malformation. F0 and F1 generation further presented with syringomyelia (F0: C4-D1; F1: C4-D2). All patients except the grandfather (F0) underwent surgical posterior fossa decompression to relive successfully cerebellar and hydrocephalus associated progressing clinical symptoms. The hemograms of generation 1 and 2 revealed familial vitamin B12 deficit. CONCLUSIONS A hereditary component is discussed in Chiari malformation, yet proved etiology is still lacking. As folic acid plays an important role in the development of the neural tube, vitamin B12 deficit might have some impact on the development of Chiari malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Welsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mannheim University Hospital, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Antes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, Building 90.5, 66421, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Kiefer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, Building 90.5, 66421, Homburg-Saar, Germany
| | - Sascha Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Section Neuropediatrics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Regina Eymann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, Building 90.5, 66421, Homburg-Saar, Germany
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48
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Genetic insights into the functional elements of language. Hum Genet 2013; 132:959-86. [PMID: 23749164 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Language disorders cover a wide range of conditions with heterologous and overlapping phenotypes and complex etiologies harboring both genetic and environmental influences. Genetic approaches including the identification of genes linked to speech and language phenotypes and the characterization of normal and aberrant functions of these genes have, in recent years, unraveled complex details of molecular and cognitive mechanisms and provided valuable insight into the biological foundations of language. Consistent with this approach, we have reviewed the functional aspects of allelic variants of genes which are currently known to be either causally associated with disorders of speech and language or impact upon the spectrum of normal language ability. We have also reviewed candidate genes associated with heritable speech and language disorders. In addition, we have evaluated language phenotypes and associated genetic components in developmental syndromes that, together with a spectrum of altered language abilities, manifest various phenotypes and offer details of multifactorial determinants of language function. Data from this review have revealed a predominance of regulatory networks involved in the control of differentiation and functioning of neurons, neuronal tracks and connections among brain structures associated with both cognitive and language faculties. Our findings, furthermore, have highlighted several multifactorial determinants in overlapping speech and language phenotypes. Collectively this analysis has revealed an interconnected developmental network and a close association of the language faculty with cognitive functions, a finding that has the potential to provide insight into linguistic hypotheses defining in particular, the contribution of genetic elements to and the modular nature of the language faculty.
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Connecting signaling pathways underlying communication to ASD vulnerability. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 113:97-133. [PMID: 24290384 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-418700-9.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Language is a human-specific trait that likely facilitated the rapid increase in higher cognitive function in our species. A consequence of the selective pressures that have permitted language and cognition to flourish in humans is the unique vulnerability of humans to developing cognitive disorders such as autism. Therefore, progress in understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of language evolution should provide insight into such disorders. Here, we discuss the few genes that have been identified in both autism-related pathways and language. We also detail the use of animal models to uncover the function of these genes at a mechanistic and circuit level. Finally, we present the use of comparative genomics to identify novel genes and gene networks involved in autism. Together, all of these approaches will allow for a broader and deeper view of the molecular brain mechanisms involved in the evolution of language and the gene disruptions associated with autism.
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Tramontana GM, Blood IM, Blood GW. Speech-language pathologists' knowledge of genetics: perceived confidence, attitudes, knowledge acquisition and practice-based variables. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2013; 46:100-110. [PMID: 22999227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the general knowledge bases demonstrated by school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the area of genetics, (b) the confidence levels of SLPs in providing services to children and their families with genetic disorders/syndromes, (c) the attitudes of SLPs regarding genetics and communication disorders, (d) the primary sources used by SLPs to learn about genetic disorders/syndromes, and (e) the association between general knowledge, confidence, attitudes, the number of years of experience working as an SLP, and the number of children currently provided services with genetic disorders/syndromes on SLPs' caseloads. Survey data from a nationwide sample of 533 SLPs was analyzed. Results showed SLPs earned a median knowledge score about genetics of 66% correct responses. Their mean confidence and attitude ratings were in the "unsure" categories while they reported they learned about genetics from three main sources, (a) self-study via web and internet-based searches, (b) on-the-job training and (c) popular press magazines and newspapers. Analyses revealed that Confidence summary scores, Attitude Summary scores, the number of children with genetic disorders/syndromes on SLPs' caseloads are positively associated with the ratings of participants with the highest Knowledge scores. LEARNING OUTCOMES Readers will be able to (a) explain the important links between developmental and communication disabilities and genetics, (b) describe the associations between knowledge about genetics and confidence, attitudes, and the number of children with genetic disorders/syndromes on their caseloads, and (c) outline the clinical and theoretical implications of the results from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michael Tramontana
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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