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Taira M, Ozato K, Harland RM, Moody SA, Saint-Jeannet JP. Igor B. Dawid (1935-2024): A pioneer of developmental and molecular biology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2414869121. [PMID: 39196617 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2414869121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard M Harland
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Genetics, Genomics and Development Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sally A Moody
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
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Omble A, Mahajan S, Bhoite A, Kulkarni K. Dishevelled2 activates WGEF via its interaction with a unique internal peptide motif of the GEF. Commun Biol 2024; 7:543. [PMID: 38714795 PMCID: PMC11076555 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wnt-planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway is crucial in establishing cell polarity during development and tissue homoeostasis. This pathway is found to be dysregulated in many pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The central event in Wnt-PCP pathway is the activation of Weak-similarity guanine nucleotide exchange factor (WGEF) by the adapter protein Dishevelled (Dvl). The PDZ domain of Dishevelled2 (Dvl2PDZ) binds and activates WGEF by releasing it from its autoinhibitory state. However, the actual Dvl2PDZ binding site of WGEF and the consequent activation mechanism of the GEF have remained elusive. Using biochemical and molecular dynamics studies, we show that a unique "internal-PDZ binding motif" (IPM) of WGEF mediates the WGEF-Dvl2PDZ interaction to activate the GEF. The residues at P2, P0, P-2 and P-3 positions of IPM play an important role in stabilizing the WGEFpep-Dvl2PDZ interaction. Furthermore, MD simulations of modelled Dvl2PDZ-WGEFIPM peptide complexes suggest that WGEF-Dvl2PDZ interaction may differ from the reported Dvl2PDZ-IPM interactions. Additionally, the apo structure of human Dvl2PDZ shows conformational dynamics different from its IPM peptide bound state, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for the Dvl2PDZ-peptide interaction. The current study provides a model for Dvl2 induced activation of WGEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Omble
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shrutika Mahajan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ashwini Bhoite
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kiran Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Shan S, Su M, Li Y, Wang Z, Liu D, Zhou Y, Fu X, Yang S, Zhang J, Qiu J, Liu H, Zeng G, Chen P, Wang X, DiSanto ME, Guo Y, Zhang X. Mechanism of RhoA regulating benign prostatic hyperplasia: RhoA-ROCK-β-catenin signaling axis and static & dynamic dual roles. Mol Med 2023; 29:139. [PMID: 37864185 PMCID: PMC10589999 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been fully elucidated. Ras homology family member A (RhoA) plays an important role in regulating cell cytoskeleton, growth and fibrosis. The role of RhoA in BPH remains unclear. METHODS This study aimed to clarify the expression, functional activity and mechanism of RhoA in BPH. Human prostate tissues, human prostate cell lines, BPH rat model were used. Cell models of RhoA knockdown and overexpression were generated. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, phalloidine staining, organ bath study, gel contraction assay, protein stability analysis, isolation and extraction of nuclear protein and cytoplasmic protein were performed. RESULTS In this study we found that RhoA was localized in prostate stroma and epithelial compartments and was up-regulated in both BPH patients and BPH rats. Functionally, RhoA knockdown induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and contraction. Consistently, overexpression of RhoA reversed all aforementioned processes. More importantly, we found that β-catenin and the downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, including C-MYC, Survivin and Snail were up-regulated in BPH rats. Downregulation of RhoA significantly reduced the expression of these proteins. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 also down-regulated β-catenin protein in a concentration-dependent manner. However, overexpression of β-catenin did not affect RhoA-ROCK levels, suggesting that β-catenin was the downstream of RhoA-ROCK regulation. Further data suggested that RhoA increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin and up-regulated β-catenin expression by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation, thereby activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Overexpression of β-catenin partially reversed the changes in cell growth, fibrosis and EMT except cell contraction caused by RhoA downregulation. Finally, Y-27632 partially reversed prostatic hyperplasia in vivo, further suggesting the potential of RhoA-ROCK signaling in BPH treatment. CONCLUSION Our novel data demonstrated that RhoA regulated both static and dynamic factors of BPH, RhoA-ROCK-β-catenin signaling axis played an important role in the development of BPH and might provide more possibilities for the formulation of subsequent clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Shan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoquan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongying Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Fu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhang Qiu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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Takahashi-Kanemitsu A, Lu M, Knight CT, Yamamoto T, Hayashi T, Mii Y, Ooki T, Kikuchi I, Kikuchi A, Barker N, Susaki EA, Taira M, Hatakeyama M. The Helicobacter pylori CagA oncoprotein disrupts Wnt/PCP signaling and promotes hyperproliferation of pyloric gland base cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabp9020. [PMID: 37463245 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abp9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori strains that deliver the oncoprotein CagA into gastric epithelial cells are the major etiologic agents of upper gastric diseases including gastric cancer. CagA promotes gastric carcinogenesis through interactions with multiple host proteins. Here, we show that CagA also disrupts Wnt-dependent planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP), which orients cells within the plane of an epithelium and coordinates collective cell behaviors such as convergent extension to enable epithelial elongation during development. Ectopic expression of CagA in Xenopus laevis embryos impaired gastrulation, neural tube formation, and axis elongation, processes driven by convergent extension movements that depend on the Wnt/PCP pathway. Mice specifically expressing CagA in the stomach epithelium had longer pyloric glands and mislocalization of the tetraspanin proteins VANGL1 and VANGL2 (VANGL1/2), which are critical components of Wnt/PCP signaling. The increased pyloric gland length was due to hyperproliferation of cells at the gland base, where Lgr5+ stem and progenitor cells reside, and was associated with fewer differentiated enteroendocrine cells. In cultured human gastric epithelial cells, the N terminus of CagA interacted with the C-terminal cytoplasmic tails of VANGL1/2, which impaired Wnt/PCP signaling by inducing the mislocalization of VANGL1/2 from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm. Thus, CagA may contribute to the development of gastric cancer by subverting a Wnt/PCP-dependent mechanism that restrains pyloric gland stem cell proliferation and promotes enteroendocrine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi-Kanemitsu
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mengxue Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Christopher Takaya Knight
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mii
- National Institute for Basic Biology and Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuya Ooki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ippei Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Division of Epithelial Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 924-1192, Japan
| | - Etsuo A Susaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masanori Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
- Research Center of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
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Liu M, Huo Y, Cheng Y. Mechanistic Regulation of Wnt Pathway-Related Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Airway Lesions. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:871-880. [PMID: 37215745 PMCID: PMC10198175 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s391487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease associated with inflammation and structural changes in the airways and lungs, resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This interaction highlights significant genes in early life, particularly those involved in lung development, such as the Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in cell homeostasis, and its abnormal activation can lead to the occurrence of related diseases such as asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. Due to the fact that the Wnt pathway is mechanically sensitive, abnormal activation of the Wnt pathway by mechanical stress contributes to the progression of chronic diseases. But in the context of COPD, it has received little attention. In this review, we aim to summarize the important current evidence on mechanical stress through the Wnt pathway in airway inflammation and structural changes in COPD and to provide potential targets for COPD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Huo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiong Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People’s Republic of China
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Gu J, Zhang X, Jiang G, Li Q, Wang E, Yu J. ARHGEF40 promotes non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and invasion via the AKT-Wnt axis by binding to RhoA. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:1016-1030. [PMID: 36000254 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 40 (ARHGEF40) is a member of the Dbl-family of guanine nucleotide factor proteins. However, its expression pattern and biological function in malignant tumors, notably in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are currently unknown. The present study demonstrated that ARHGEF40 was highly expressed in NSCLC specimens and that its expression was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002), and poor prognosis (p = 0.0056). In addition, ARHGEF40 accelerated nuclear translocation of the key component β-catenin and increased the expression levels of the Wnt signaling pathway targets c-myc, cyclin D1 and MMP7. Moreover, it promoted lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, the current study demonstrated that ARHGEF40 could induce activation of the Wnt signaling pathway by increasing the phosphorylation levels of AKT and GSK3β via interaction with RhoA. Moreover, the Dbl homology (DH)-pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of ARHGEF40 was responsible for this interaction. Its deletion abolished the binding, which blocked the activation of the Wnt signaling. Taken together, the data indicated that ARHGEF40 promoted the malignant phenotype of lung cancer cells by activating the AKT-Wnt axis. This was achieved by its interaction with RhoA via the DH-PH domain. ARHGEF40 may serve as a novel target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingchang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Juanhan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Min JK, Park HS, Lee YB, Kim JG, Kim JI, Park JB. Cross-Talk between Wnt Signaling and Src Tyrosine Kinase. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051112. [PMID: 35625853 PMCID: PMC9138253 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, was first discovered as a prototype oncogene and has been shown to critical for cancer progression for a variety of tissues. Src activity is regulated by a number of post-translational modifications in response to various stimuli. Phosphorylations of Src Tyr419 (human; 416 in chicken) and Src Tyr530 (human; 527 in chicken) have been known to be critical for activation and inactivation of Src, respectively. Wnt signaling regulates a variety of cellular functions including for development and cell proliferation, and has a role in certain diseases such as cancer. Wnt signaling is carried out through two pathways: β-catenin-dependent canonical and β-catenin-independent non-canonical pathways as Wnt ligands bind to their receptors, Frizzled, LRP5/6, and ROR1/2. In addition, many signaling components including Axin, APC, Damm, Dishevelled, JNK kinase and Rho GTPases contribute to these canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. However, the communication between Wnt signaling and Src tyrosine kinase has not been well reviewed as Src regulates Wnt signaling through LRP6 tyrosine phosphorylation. GSK-3β phosphorylated by Wnt also regulates Src activity. As Wnt signaling and Src mutually regulate each other, it is noted that aberrant regulation of these components give rise to various diseases including typically cancer, and as such, merit a closer look.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hwee-Seon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-I.K.)
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoon-Beom Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-I.K.)
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 25242, Korea; (J.K.M.); (Y.-B.L.); (J.-G.K.)
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2542; Fax: +82-33-244-8425
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Tan W, Chen N, Qiu Y, Feng X, Li S, Zhang Y, Li H, Gao J, Zhao D. Exosomal Dvl3 promoted the aggressive phenotypic transformation of RA-FLS via wnt pathway. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:285-293. [PMID: 35499309 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2067984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to explore the function and mechanism of Dvl3 in RA-FLS by exosome intervention. METHODS The expression pattern of Dvl3 was examined by IHC, WB, and qPCR. Modified exosomes obtained from culturing supernatant of RA-FLS infected with Dvl3 over expression (OE) lentivirus were administrated to the target RA-FLS. The ability of survival, migration, and the production of inflammatory factor influenced by exosomal Dvl3 were detected by CKK8 kits, Tunel, migration test, qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively; Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to explorer the inflammatory moderate role of exosomes on CD4+ T cells. The possible downstream pathways of Dvl3 were screened by qPCR and WB and verified by double luciferase reporter experiment. RESULTS The expression level of Dvl3 was significantly increased in RA and CIA. Exosomes from the OE group could significantly promote cell proliferation activity, migration/invasion ability. The augment of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-21 was observed in exosomal Dvl3-OE group. Th1 and Th17 cells polarisation and cytokines related were both enhanced by Exosomal Dvl3. Over expression of Dvl3 was accompanied by the significant increase of β-catenin and RhoA activities. CONCLUSION This study discovered the high expression of Dvl3 of exosomes derived from RA patients which may possessed the ability to promote phenotypic transformation of RA-FLS through Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Air Force Health Care Center for Special Services, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomei Feng
- Air Force Health Care Center for Special Services, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- Air Force Health Care Center for Special Services, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongbao Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Cell migration, a crucial step in numerous biological processes, is tightly regulated in space and time. Cells employ Rho GTPases, primarily Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, to regulate their motility. Like other small G proteins, Rho GTPases function as biomolecular switches in regulating cell migration by operating between GDP bound 'OFF' and GTP bound 'ON' states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) catalyse the shuttling of GTPases from OFF to ON state. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors that are involved in many signalling phenomena including cell survival and cell migration events. In this review, we summarize signalling mechanisms, involving GPCRs, leading to the activation of RhoGEFs. GPCRs exhibit diverse GEF activation modes that include the interaction of heterotrimeric G protein subunits with different domains of GEFs, phosphorylation, protein-protein interaction, protein-lipid interaction, and/or a combination of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Omble
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kiran Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,CONTACT Kiran Kulkarni Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Yoon J, Kumar V, Goutam RS, Kim SC, Park S, Lee U, Kim J. Bmp Signal Gradient Modulates Convergent Cell Movement via Xarhgef3.2 during Gastrulation of Xenopus Embryos. Cells 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 35011606 PMCID: PMC8750265 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrulation is a critical step in the establishment of a basic body plan during development. Convergence and extension (CE) cell movements organize germ layers during gastrulation. Noncanonical Wnt signaling has been known as major signaling that regulates CE cell movement by activating Rho and Rac. In addition, Bmp molecules are expressed in the ventral side of a developing embryo, and the ventral mesoderm region undergoes minimal CE cell movement while the dorsal mesoderm undergoes dynamic cell movements. This suggests that Bmp signal gradient may affect CE cell movement. To investigate whether Bmp signaling negatively regulates CE cell movements, we performed microarray-based screening and found that the transcription of Xenopus Arhgef3.2 (Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor) was negatively regulated by Bmp signaling. We also showed that overexpression or knockdown of Xarhgef3.2 caused gastrulation defects. Interestingly, Xarhgef3.2 controlled gastrulation cell movements through interacting with Disheveled (Dsh2) and Dsh2-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1). Our results suggest that Bmp gradient affects gastrulation cell movement (CE) via negative regulation of Xarhgef3.2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (R.S.G.); (S.-C.K.)
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (R.S.G.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (R.S.G.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (R.S.G.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (J.Y.); (V.K.); (R.S.G.); (S.-C.K.)
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11
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CDK14 Promotes Axon Regeneration by Regulating the Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in a Kinase-Independent Manner. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8309-8320. [PMID: 34429379 PMCID: PMC8496196 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0711-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The postinjury regenerative capacity of neurons is known to be mediated by a complex interaction of intrinsic regenerative pathways and external cues. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the initiation of axon regeneration is regulated by the nonmuscle myosin light chain-4 (MLC-4) phosphorylation signaling pathway. In this study, we have identified svh-16/cdk-14, a mammalian CDK14 homolog, as a positive regulator of axon regeneration in motor neurons. We then isolated the CDK-14-binding protein MIG-5/Disheveled (Dsh) and found that EGL-20/Wnt and the MIG-1/Frizzled receptor (Fz) are required for efficient axon regeneration. Further, we demonstrate that CDK-14 activates EPHX-1, the C. elegans homolog of the mammalian ephexin Rho-type GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), in a kinase-independent manner. EPHX-1 functions as a GEF for the CDC-42 GTPase, inhibiting myosin phosphatase, which maintains MLC-4 phosphorylation. These results suggest that CDK14 activates the RhoGEF–CDC42–MLC phosphorylation axis in a noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway that promotes axon regeneration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Noncanonical Wnt signaling is mediated by Frizzled receptor (Fz), Disheveled (Dsh), Rho-type GTPase, and nonmuscle myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. This study identified svh-16/cdk-14, which encodes a mammalian CDK14 homolog, as a regulator of axon regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons. We show that CDK-14 binds to MIG-5/Dsh, and that EGL-20/Wnt, MIG-1/Fz, and EPHX-1/RhoGEF are required for axon regeneration. The phosphorylation-mimetic MLC-4 suppressed axon regeneration defects in mig-1, cdk-14, and ephx-1 mutants. CDK-14 mediates kinase-independent activation of EPHX-1, which functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for CDC-42 GTPase. Activated CDC-42 inactivates myosin phosphatase and thereby maintains MLC phosphorylation. Thus, the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway controls axon regeneration via the CDK-14–EPHX-1–CDC-42–MLC phosphorylation axis.
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12
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YWHAZ interacts with DAAM1 to promote cell migration in breast cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:221. [PMID: 34453038 PMCID: PMC8397740 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) is a critical driver in facilitating metastasis in breast cancer (BrCa). However, molecular mechanisms for the regulation of DAAM1 activation are only partially elucidated. In this research, the expression levels of YWHAZ and DAAM1 were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in BrCa tissues. The functional roles of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ)–DAAM1 axis and their regulator microRNA-613 (miR-613) in BrCa cells and associated molecular mechanisms were demonstrated in vitro. As results, the expression levels of DAAM1 and YWHAZ were significantly upregulated in BrCa tissues compared with normal tissues and remarkably associated with poor prognosis. Besides, DAAM1 and YWHAZ were positively correlated with each other in BrCa tissues. YWHAZ interacted and colocalized with DAAM1 in BrCa cells, which was essential for DAAM1-mediated microfilament remodeling and RhoA activation. Moreover, miR-613 directly targeted both YWHAZ and DAAM1, contributing to inhibiting BrCa cells migration via blocking the complex of YWHAZ–DAAM1. To sum up, these data reveal that YWHAZ regulates DAAM1 activation, and the YWHAZ–DAAM1 complex is directly targeted by the shared post-transcriptional regulator miR-613.
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13
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Mehta S, Hingole S, Chaudhary V. The Emerging Mechanisms of Wnt Secretion and Signaling in Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714746. [PMID: 34485301 PMCID: PMC8415634 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are highly-conserved lipid-modified secreted proteins that activate multiple signaling pathways. These pathways regulate crucial processes during various stages of development and maintain tissue homeostasis in adults. One of the most fascinating aspects of Wnt protein is that despite being hydrophobic, they are known to travel several cell distances in the extracellular space. Research on Wnts in the past four decades has identified several factors and uncovered mechanisms regulating their expression, secretion, and mode of extracellular travel. More recently, analyses on the importance of Wnt protein gradients in the growth and patterning of developing tissues have recognized the complex interplay of signaling mechanisms that help in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review aims to present an overview of the evidence for the various modes of Wnt protein secretion and signaling and discuss mechanisms providing precision and robustness to the developing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Varun Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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14
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Sakai Y, Tsunekawa M, Ohta K, Shimizu T, Pastuhov S, Hanafusa H, Hisamoto N, Matsumoto K. The Integrin Signaling Network Promotes Axon Regeneration via the Src-Ephexin-RhoA GTPase Signaling Axis. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4754-4767. [PMID: 33963050 PMCID: PMC8260174 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2456-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is an evolutionarily conserved process essential for restoring the function of damaged neurons. In Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites, initiation of axon regeneration is regulated by the RhoA GTPase-ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase)-regulatory nonmuscle myosin light-chain phosphorylation signaling pathway. However, the upstream mechanism that activates the RhoA pathway remains unknown. Here, we show that axon injury activates TLN-1/talin via the cAMP-Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP)-Rap GTPase cascade and that TLN-1 induces multiple downstream events, one of which is integrin inside-out activation, leading to the activation of the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway. We found that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src, a key mediator of integrin signaling, activates the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor EPHX-1/ephexin by phosphorylating the Tyr-568 residue in the autoinhibitory domain. Our results suggest that the C. elegans integrin signaling network regulates axon regeneration via the Src-RhoGEF-RhoA axis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ability of axons to regenerate after injury is governed by cell-intrinsic regeneration pathways. We have previously demonstrated that the Caenorhabditis elegans RhoA GTPase-ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase) pathway promotes axon regeneration by inducing MLC-4 phosphorylation. In this study, we found that axon injury activates TLN-1/talin through the cAMP-Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP)-Rap GTPase cascade, leading to integrin inside-out activation, which promotes axonal regeneration by activating the RhoA signaling pathway. In this pathway, SRC-1/Src acts downstream of integrin activation and subsequently activates EPHX-1/ephexin RhoGEF by phosphorylating the Tyr-568 residue in the autoinhibitory domain. Our results suggest that the C. elegans integrin signaling network regulates axon regeneration via the Src-RhoGEF-RhoA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sakai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mayuka Tsunekawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kohei Ohta
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Strahil Pastuhov
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hanafusa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoki Hisamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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15
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Yang L, Zhang X, Liu C, Zhang J, Dong B. MiR-92 Family Members Form a Cluster Required for Notochord Tubulogenesis in Urochordate Ciona savignyi. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030406. [PMID: 33809016 PMCID: PMC8001136 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are frequently clustered in the genome and polycistronically transcribed, regulating targeted genes in diverse signaling pathways. The miR-17-92 cluster is a typical miRNA cluster, playing crucial roles in the organogenesis and homeostasis of physiological processes in vertebrates. Here, we identified three miRNAs (csa-miR-92a, csa-miR-92b, and csa-miR-92c) that belonged to the miR-92 family and formed a miRNA cluster in the genome of a urochordate marine ascidian Ciona savignyi. Except for miR-92a and miR-92b, other homologs of the vertebrate miR-17-92 cluster members could not be identified in the Ciona genome. We further found that the mature sequences of urochordate miR-92 family members were highly conserved compared with the vertebrate species. The expression pattern revealed that three miR-92 family members had consistent expression levels in adult tissues and were predominantly expressed in heart and muscle tissue. We further showed that, at the embryonic and larval stages, csa-miR-92c was expressed in the notochord of embryos during 18–31 h post fertilization (hpf) by in situ hybridization. Knockout of csa-miR-92c resulted in the disorganization of notochord cells and the block of lumen coalescence in the notochord. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and wingless/integrated (Wnt)/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways might be involved in the regulatory processes, since a large number of core genes of these pathways were the predicted target genes of the miR-92 family. Taken together, we identified a miR-92 cluster in urochordate Ciona and revealed the expression patterns and the regulatory roles of its members in organogenesis. Our results provide expression and phylogenetic data on the understanding of the miR-92 miRNA cluster’s function during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yang
- Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Jin Zhang
- Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Bo Dong
- Sars-Fang Centre, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-82032732
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16
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Peng X, Wang T, Gao H, Yue X, Bian W, Mei J, Zhang Y. The interplay between IQGAP1 and small GTPases in cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111243. [PMID: 33434854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic spread of tumor cells to distant anatomical locations is a critical cause for disease progression and leads to more than 90 % of cancer-related deaths. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a prominent regulator in the cancer metastasis process, is a scaffold protein that interacts with components of the cytoskeleton. As a critical node within the small GTPase network, IQGAP1 acts as a binding partner of several small GTPases, which in turn function as molecular switches to control most cellular processes, including cell migration and invasion. Given the significant interaction between IQGAP1 and small GTPases in cancer metastasis, we briefly elucidate the role of IQGAP1 in regulating cancer metastasis and the varied interactions existing between IQGAP1 and small GTPases. In addition, the potential regulators for IQGAP1 activity and its interaction with small GTPases are also incorporated in this review. Overall, we comprehensively summarize the role of IQGAP1 in cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis, which may be a potential anti-tumor target to restrain cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafeng Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China; First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Han Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Xin Yue
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Weiqi Bian
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China; Wuxi Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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17
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Kim JG, Mahmud S, Min JK, Lee YB, Kim H, Kang DC, Park HS, Seong J, Park JB. RhoA GTPase phosphorylated at tyrosine 42 by src kinase binds to β-catenin and contributes transcriptional regulation of vimentin upon Wnt3A. Redox Biol 2020; 40:101842. [PMID: 33388549 PMCID: PMC7788234 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Wnt canonical pathway, Wnt3A has been known to stabilize β-catenin. In the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, Wnt is known to activate Rho GTPases. The correlation between canonical and non-canonical pathways by Wnt signaling, however, has not been well elucidated. Here, we identified that Wnt3A promoted superoxide generation, leading to Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA through activations of c-Src and Rho-dependent coiled coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylation of p47phox, a component of NADPH oxidase. Wnt3A also induced accumulation of β-catenin along with activations of RhoA and ROCK1. Concurrently, ROCK1 was able to phosphorylate GSK-3β at Ser9, which phosphorylated Src at Ser51 and Ser492 residues, leading to Src inactivation through dephosphorylation of Tyr416 during the late period of Wnt3A treatment. Meanwhile, p-Tyr42 RhoA bound to β-catenin via the N-terminal domain of β-catenin, thereby leading to the nuclear translocation of p-Tyr42 RhoA/β-catenin complex. Notably, p-Tyr42 RhoA as well as β-catenin was associated with the promoter of Vim, leading to increased expression of vimentin. In addition, stomach cancer patients harboring higher expressed p-Tyr42 Rho levels revealed the much poorer survival probability. Therefore, we propose that p-Tyr42 RhoA is crucial for transcriptional regulation of specific target genes in the nucleus by binding to their promoters and involved in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shohel Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Jung Ki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Beom Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbin Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chul Kang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang-si, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwee-Seon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallymdaehag-Gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea; Hallym Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Republic of Korea; ELmed Co. Room 3419, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Al-Sayegh MA, Mahmood SR, Khair SBA, Xie X, El Gindi M, Kim T, Almansoori A, Percipalle P. β-actin contributes to open chromatin for activation of the adipogenic pioneer factor CEBPA during transcriptional reprograming. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2511-2521. [PMID: 32877276 PMCID: PMC7851876 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is regulated by a cascade of signals that drive transcriptional reprogramming in adipocytes. Here, we report that nuclear actin regulates the chromatin states that establish tissue- specific expression during adipogenesis. To study the role of β-actin in adipocyte differentiation, we conducted RNA sequencing on wild-type and β-actin knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) after reprograming to adipocytes. We found that β-actin depletion affects induction of several adipogenic genes during transcriptional reprograming. This impaired regulation of adipogenic genes is linked to reduced expression of the pioneer factor Cebpa and is rescued by reintroducing NLS-tagged β-actin. ATAC-Seq in knockout MEFs revealed that actin-dependent reduction of Cebpa expression correlates with decreased chromatin accessibility and loss of chromatin association of the ATPase Brg1. This, in turn, impairs CEBPB's association with its Cebpa promoter-proximal binding site during adipogenesis. We propose a role for the nuclear β-actin pool in maintaining open chromatin for transcriptional reprogramming during adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Al-Sayegh
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - S R Mahmood
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - S B Abul Khair
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - X Xie
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M El Gindi
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - T Kim
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Almansoori
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - P Percipalle
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Fang X, Zhang D, Zhao W, Gao L, Wang L. Dishevelled Associated Activator Of Morphogenesis (DAAM) Facilitates Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Upregulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) Expression. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924670. [PMID: 32772041 PMCID: PMC7437242 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis (DAAM) family, consisting of DAAM1 and DAAM2, is an important component of the Wnt signal pathway. Previous studies have suggested that DAAM2 reduces Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) expression by promoting its ubiquitination, but the correlation between DAAM and HIF-1α in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been studied. Material/Methods In our study, expression of DAAM1 and DAAM2 in HCCs and tumor-adjacent liver tissues was assessed with qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Correlations between DAAM1/2 and the clinicopathologic variables were evaluated with the Chi-square test. With univariate and multivariate analysis, we further evaluated the prognostic significance of DAAM1 and DAAM2. Using in vitro experiments, we assessed the functions of DAAM1 and DAAM2 in invasion and proliferation in different HCC cell lines and investigated their underlying mechanisms. Results DAAM1 and 2 overexpression were 18.8% and 48.7%, respectively, of the whole cohort. mRNAs of DAAM2 in HCCs were substantially higher than mRNAs in liver tissues, while DAAM1 mRNA had no marked difference. High DAAM2 expression was notably associated with advanced T stage (P=0.032), TNM stage (P=0.032), and overall survival (OS) rate (P=0.004). DAAM 2 knockdown promoted VHL accumulation and subsequent HIF-1α down-regulation in HCC cells. In HCC specimens, DAAM2 expression was also negatively correlated with VHL and positively associated with HIF-1α. Moreover, HIF-1α was required in DAAM2-induced invasion of HCC cells. Conclusions DAAM2, rather than DAAM1, was able to predict prognosis of HCC. DAAM2 decreased VHL expression and consequently upregulated HIF-1α, eventually facilitating invasion of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Fang
- Gastrointestinal Department, YIDU Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Urinary Surgery Department, YIDU Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonography, YIDU Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Longfei Gao
- Dezhou Prison Hospital of Shandong Province, Dezhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lanping Wang
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Hospital Sffiliated to Shandong 1st Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
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20
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D-Aspartate Upregulates DAAM1 Protein Levels in the Rat Testis and Induces Its Localization in Spermatogonia Nucleus. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050677. [PMID: 32353957 PMCID: PMC7277804 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation during spermatogenesis requires a proper actin dynamic, regulated by several proteins, including formins. Disheveled-Associated-Activator of Morphogenesis1 (DAAM1) belongs to the formins and promotes actin polymerization. Our results showed that oral D-Aspartate (D-Asp) administration, an excitatory amino acid, increased DAAM1 protein levels in germ cells cytoplasm of rat testis. Interestingly, after the treatment, DAAM1 also localized in rat spermatogonia (SPG) and mouse GC-1 cells nuclei. We provided bioinformatic evidence that DAAM1 sequence has two predicted NLS, supporting its nuclear localization. The data also suggested a role of D-Asp in promoting DAAM1 shuttling to the nuclear compartment of those proliferative cells. In addition, the proliferative action induced by D-Asp is confirmed by the increased levels of PCNA, a protein expressed in the nucleus of cells in the S phase and p-H3, a histone crucial for chromatin condensation during mitosis and meiosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, an increased DAAM1 protein levels following D-Asp treatment in rat testis and also its localization in the nucleus of rat SPG and in mouse GC-1 cells. Our results suggest an assumed role for this formin as a regulator of actin dynamics in both cytoplasm and nuclei of the germ cells.
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21
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Corkins ME, Krneta-Stankic V, Kloc M, McCrea PD, Gladden AB, Miller RK. Divergent roles of the Wnt/PCP Formin Daam1 in renal ciliogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221698. [PMID: 31469868 PMCID: PMC6716777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys are composed of numerous ciliated epithelial tubules called nephrons. Each nephron functions to reabsorb nutrients and concentrate waste products into urine. Defects in primary cilia are associated with abnormal formation of nephrons and cyst formation in a wide range of kidney disorders. Previous work in Xenopus laevis and zebrafish embryos established that loss of components that make up the Wnt/PCP pathway, Daam1 and ArhGEF19 (wGEF) perturb kidney tubulogenesis. Dishevelled, which activates both the canonical and non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway, affect cilia formation in multiciliated cells. In this study, we investigated the role of the noncanoncial Wnt/PCP components Daam1 and ArhGEF19 (wGEF) in renal ciliogenesis utilizing polarized mammalian kidney epithelia cells (MDCKII and IMCD3) and Xenopus laevis embryonic kidney. We demonstrate that knockdown of Daam1 and ArhGEF19 in MDCKII and IMCD3 cells leads to loss of cilia, and Daam1's effect on ciliogenesis is mediated by the formin-activity of Daam1. Moreover, Daam1 co-localizes with the ciliary transport protein Ift88 and is present in cilia. Interestingly, knocking down Daam1 in Xenopus kidney does not lead to loss of cilia. These data suggests a new role for Daam1 in the formation of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Corkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vanja Krneta-Stankic
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genes and Development, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist, Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pierre D. McCrea
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Gladden
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel K. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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22
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Bertke MM, Dubiak KM, Cronin L, Zeng E, Huber PW. A deficiency in SUMOylation activity disrupts multiple pathways leading to neural tube and heart defects in Xenopus embryos. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:386. [PMID: 31101013 PMCID: PMC6525467 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenovirus protein, Gam1, triggers the proteolytic destruction of the E1 SUMO-activating enzyme. Microinjection of an empirically determined amount of Gam1 mRNA into one-cell Xenopus embryos can reduce SUMOylation activity to undetectable, but nonlethal, levels, enabling an examination of the role of this post-translational modification during early vertebrate development. Results We find that SUMOylation-deficient embryos consistently exhibit defects in neural tube and heart development. We have measured differences in gene expression between control and embryos injected with Gam1 mRNA at three developmental stages: early gastrula (immediately following the initiation of zygotic transcription), late gastrula (completion of the formation of the three primary germ layers), and early neurula (appearance of the neural plate). Although changes in gene expression are widespread and can be linked to many biological processes, three pathways, non-canonical Wnt/PCP, snail/twist, and Ets-1, are especially sensitive to the loss of SUMOylation activity and can largely account for the predominant phenotypes of Gam1 embryos. SUMOylation appears to generate different pools of a given transcription factor having different specificities with this post-translational modification involved in the regulation of more complex, as opposed to housekeeping, processes. Conclusions We have identified changes in gene expression that underlie the neural tube and heart phenotypes resulting from depressed SUMOylation activity. Notably, these developmental defects correspond to the two most frequently occurring congenital birth defects in humans, strongly suggesting that perturbation of SUMOylation, either globally or of a specific protein, may frequently be the origin of these pathologies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5773-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Bertke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA.,Present Address: College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Kyle M Dubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Laura Cronin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA.,Present Address: Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Present Address: Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Present Address: Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Present Address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Paul W Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA. .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. .,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA.
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23
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Emerging Roles of Ephexins in Physiology and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020087. [PMID: 30682817 PMCID: PMC6406967 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dbl (B-cell lymphoma)-related guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), the largest family of GEFs, are directly responsible for the activation of Rho family GTPases and essential for a number of cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation and movement. The members of the Ephexin (Eph-interacting exchange protein) family, a subgroup of Dbl GEFs, initially were named for their interaction with Eph receptors and sequence homology with Ephexin1. Although the first Ephexin was identified about two decades ago, their functions in physiological and pathological contexts and regulatory mechanisms remained elusive until recently. Ephexins are now considered as GEFs that can activate Rho GTPases such as RhoA, Rac, Cdc42, and RhoG. Moreover, Ephexins have been shown to have pivotal roles in neural development, tumorigenesis, and efferocytosis. In this review, we discuss the known and proposed functions of Ephexins in physiological and pathological contexts, as well as their regulatory mechanisms.
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24
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Liu X, Fuentes EJ. Emerging Themes in PDZ Domain Signaling: Structure, Function, and Inhibition. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 343:129-218. [PMID: 30712672 PMCID: PMC7185565 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-synaptic density-95, disks-large and zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains are small globular protein-protein interaction domains widely conserved from yeast to humans. They are composed of ∼90 amino acids and form a classical two α-helical/six β-strand structure. The prototypical ligand is the C-terminus of partner proteins; however, they also bind internal peptide sequences. Recent findings indicate that PDZ domains also bind phosphatidylinositides and cholesterol. Through their ligand interactions, PDZ domain proteins are critical for cellular trafficking and the surface retention of various ion channels. In addition, PDZ proteins are essential for neuronal signaling, memory, and learning. PDZ proteins also contribute to cytoskeletal dynamics by mediating interactions critical for maintaining cell-cell junctions, cell polarity, and cell migration. Given their important biological roles, it is not surprising that their dysfunction can lead to multiple disease states. As such, PDZ domain-containing proteins have emerged as potential targets for the development of small molecular inhibitors as therapeutic agents. Recent data suggest that the critical binding function of PDZ domains in cell signaling is more than just glue, and their binding function can be regulated by phosphorylation or allosterically by other binding partners. These studies also provide a wealth of structural and biophysical data that are beginning to reveal the physical features that endow this small modular domain with a central role in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ernesto J. Fuentes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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25
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Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Mammalian Cardiac Morphogenesis. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1052-1062. [PMID: 29564519 PMCID: PMC5959767 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is the first organ to form and is critical for embryonic survival and development. With an occurrence of 1%, congenital heart defects (CHDs) are also the most common birth defects in humans, and major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality (Hoffman and Kaplan in J Am Coll Cardiol 39(12):1890-1900, 2002; Samanek in Cardiol Young 10(3):179-185, 2000). Understanding how the heart forms will not only help to determine the etiology and to design diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CHDs, but may also provide insight into regenerative medicine to repair injured adult hearts. Mammalian heart development requires precise orchestration of growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis to remodel a simple linear heart tube into an intricate, four-chambered heart with properly connected pulmonary artery and aorta, a structural basis for establishing the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Here we will review the recent advance in our understanding of how the planar cell polarity pathway, a highly conserved morphogenetic engine in vertebrates, regulates polarized morphogenetic processes to contribute to both the arterial and venous poles development of the heart.
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26
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Venditti M, Fasano C, Santillo A, Aniello F, Minucci S. First evidence of DAAM1 localization in mouse seminal vesicles and its possible involvement during regulated exocytosis. C R Biol 2018; 341:228-234. [PMID: 29571963 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) is a protein belonging to the formin family, which regulates, together with the small GTPase RhoA, the nucleation and the assembly of actin fibres through Wnt-Dishevelled PCP pathway. Its role has been investigated in essential biological processes, such as cell polarity, movement and adhesion during morphogenesis and organogenesis. In this work, we studied the expression of DAAM1 mRNA and protein by PCR and Western blot analyses and its co-localization with actin in adult mouse seminal vesicles by immunofluorescence. We show that both proteins are cytoplasmic: actin is evident at cell-cell junctions and at cell cortex; DAAM1 had a more diffused localization, but is also prominent at the apical plasmatic membrane of epithelial cells. These findings support our hypothesis of a role of DAAM1 in cytoskeletal rearrangement that occurs during the exocytosis of secretory vesicles, and in particular concerning actin filaments. We were also able to detect DAAM1 and actin association in the smooth muscle cells that surround the epithelium too. In this case, we could only speculate the possible involvement of this formin in muscular cells in the maintenance and the regulation of the contractile structures. The present results strongly suggest that DAAM1 could have a pivotal role in vesicle exocytosis and in the physiology of mouse seminal vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez, Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Fasano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez, Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Aniello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez, Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli, 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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27
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Sharma M, Castro-Piedras I, Simmons GE, Pruitt K. Dishevelled: A masterful conductor of complex Wnt signals. Cell Signal 2018; 47:52-64. [PMID: 29559363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Dishevelled gene was first identified in Drosophila mutants with disoriented hair and bristle polarity [1-3]. The Dsh gene (Dsh/Dvl, in Drosophila and vertebrates respectively) gained popularity when it was discovered that it plays a key role in segment polarity during early embryonic development in Drosophila [4]. Subsequently, the vertebrate homolog of Dishevelled genes were identified in Xenopus (Xdsh), mice (Dvl1, Dvl2, Dvl3), and in humans (DVL1, DVL2, DVL3) [5-10]. Dishevelled functions as a principal component of Wnt signaling pathway and governs several cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, polarity and stem cell renewal. This review will revisit seminal discoveries and also summarize recent advances in characterizing the role of Dishevelled in both normal and pathophysiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharma
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Castro-Piedras
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Glenn E Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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28
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Li Y, Ye Z, Chen S, Pan Z, Zhou Q, Li YZ, Shuai WD, Kuang CM, Peng QH, Shi W, Mao X, Liu RY, Huang W. ARHGEF19 interacts with BRAF to activate MAPK signaling during the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1379-1391. [PMID: 29164615 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) are proteins that activate Rho GTPases in response to extracellular stimuli and regulate various biologic processes. ARHGEF19, one of RhoGEFs, was reported to activate RhoA in the Wnt-PCP pathway controlling convergent extension in Xenopus gastrulation. The goal of our study was to identify the role and molecular mechanisms of ARHGEF19 in the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ARHGEF19 expression was significantly elevated in NSCLC tissues, and ARHGEF19 levels were significantly associated with lymph node status, distant metastasis and TNM stage; Patients with high ARHGEF19 levels had poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Our investigations revealed that ARHGEF19 overexpression promoted the cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells, whereas knockdown of this gene inhibited these processes. Mechanistically, ARHGEF19 activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in a RhoA-independent manner: ARHGEF19 interacted with BRAF and facilitated the phosphorylation of its downstream kinase MEK1/2; both the Dbl homology (DH) and Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of ARHGEF19 were indispensable for the phosphorylation of MEK1/2. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-29b was likely responsible for the increased expression of ARHGEF19 in lung cancer tissues and, consequently, the abnormal activation of MAPK signaling. These findings suggest that ARHGEF19 upregulation, due to the low expression of miR-29 in NSCLC tissues, may play a crucial role in NSCLC tumorigenesis by activating MAPK signaling. ARHGEF19 could serve as a negative prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Pan
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Li
- Imaging Diagnosis and Interventional Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-di Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Mei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Hua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Mao
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Drugs and Guangzhou Enterprise Key Laboratory of Gene Medicine, Guangzhou Doublle Bioproducts Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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VanderVorst K, Hatakeyama J, Berg A, Lee H, Carraway KL. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying planar cell polarity pathway contributions to cancer malignancy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:78-87. [PMID: 29107170 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the mutational activation of oncogenes drives tumor initiation and growth by promoting cellular transformation and proliferation, increasing evidence suggests that the subsequent re-engagement of largely dormant developmental pathways contributes to cellular phenotypes associated with the malignancy of solid tumors. Genetic studies from a variety of model organisms have defined many of the components that maintain epithelial planar cell polarity (PCP), or cellular polarity in the axis orthogonal to the apical-basal axis. These same components comprise an arm of non-canonical Wnt signaling that mediates cell motility events such as convergent extension movements essential to proper development. In this review, we summarize the increasing evidence that the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway plays active roles in promoting the proliferative and migratory properties of tumor cells, emphasizing the importance of subcellular localization of PCP components and protein-protein interactions in regulating cellullar properties associated with malignancy. Specifically, we discuss the increased expression of Wnt/PCP pathway components in cancer and the functional consequences of aberrant pathway activation, focusing on Wnt ligands, Frizzled (Fzd) receptors, the tetraspanin-like proteins Vangl1 and Vangl2, and the Prickle1 (Pk1) scaffold protein. In addition, we discuss negative regulation of the Wnt/PCP pathway, with particular emphasis on the Nrdp1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. We hypothesize that engagement of the Wnt/PCP pathway after tumor initiation drives malignancy by promoting cellular proliferation and invasiveness, and that the ability of Wnt/PCP signaling to supplant oncogene addiction may contribute to tumor resistance to oncogenic pathway-directed therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Jason Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Anastasia Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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30
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Seo HS, Habas R, Chang C, Wang J. Bimodal regulation of Dishevelled function by Vangl2 during morphogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2053-2061. [PMID: 28334810 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent extension (CE) is a fundamental morphogenetic mechanism that underlies numerous processes in vertebrate development, and its disruption can lead to human congenital disorders such as neural tube closure defects. The dynamic, oriented cell intercalation during CE is regulated by a group of core proteins identified originally in flies to coordinate epithelial planar cell polarity (PCP). The existing model explains how core PCP proteins, including Van Gogh (Vang) and Dishevelled (Dvl), segregate into distinct complexes on opposing cell cortex to coordinate polarity among static epithelial cells. The action of core PCP proteins in the dynamic process of CE, however, remains an enigma. In this report, we show that Vangl2 (Vang-like 2) exerts dual positive and negative regulation on Dvl during CE in both the mouse and Xenopus. We find that Vangl2 binds to Dvl to cell-autonomously promote efficient Dvl plasma membrane recruitment, a pre-requisite for PCP activation. At the same time, Vangl2 inhibits Dvl from interacting with its downstream effector Daam1 (Dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 1), and functionally suppresses Dvl → Daam1 cascade during CE. Our finding uncovers Vangl2-Dvl interaction as a key bi-functional switch that underlies the central logic of PCP signaling during morphogenesis, and provides new insight into PCP-related disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Seon Seo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Raymond Habas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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31
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Rahmani F, Avan A, Hashemy SI, Hassanian SM. Role of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling regulatory microRNAs in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:811-817. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Modern Sciences and TechnologiesSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Cancer Research CenterSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Microanatomy Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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32
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Pashirzad M, Shafiee M, Rahmani F, Behnam-Rassouli R, Hoseinkhani F, Ryzhikov M, Moradi Binabaj M, Parizadeh MR, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Role of Wnt5a in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1611-1616. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hoseinkhani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; St. Louis University School of Medicine; Saint Louis Missouri
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Molecular Medicine Group; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; St. Louis University School of Medicine; Saint Louis Missouri
- Microanatomy Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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33
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Kim JG, Kim MJ, Choi WJ, Moon MY, Kim HJ, Lee JY, Kim J, Kim SC, Kang SG, Seo GY, Kim PH, Park JB. Wnt3A Induces GSK-3β Phosphorylation and β-Catenin Accumulation Through RhoA/ROCK. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1104-1113. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ji Choi
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Moon
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence; School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Goo-Young Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience; School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience; School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Kangwon-do Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Tissue-specific transcription regulators emerged as key developmental control genes, which operate in the context of complex gene regulatory networks (GRNs) to coordinate progressive cell fate specification and tissue morphogenesis. We discuss how GRNs control the individual cell behaviors underlying complex morphogenetic events. Cell behaviors classically range from mesenchymal cell motility to cell shape changes in epithelial sheets. These behaviors emerge from the tissue-specific, multiscale integration of the local activities of universal and pleiotropic effectors, which underlie modular subcellular processes including cytoskeletal dynamics, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, signaling, polarity, and vesicle trafficking. Extrinsic cues and intrinsic cell competence determine the subcellular spatiotemporal patterns of effector activities. GRNs influence most subcellular activities by controlling only a fraction of the effector-coding genes, which we argue is enriched in effectors involved in reading and processing the extrinsic cues to contextualize intrinsic subcellular processes and canalize developmental cell behaviors. The properties of the transcription-cell behavior interface have profound implications for evolution and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bernadskaya
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - Lionel Christiaen
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
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Devenport D. Tissue morphodynamics: Translating planar polarity cues into polarized cell behaviors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:99-110. [PMID: 26994528 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to collectively orient and align their behaviors is essential in multicellular organisms for unidirectional cilia beating, collective cell movements, oriented cell divisions, and asymmetric cell fate specification. The planar cell polarity pathway coordinates a vast and diverse array of collective cell behaviors by intersecting with downstream pathways that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and intercellular signaling. How the planar polarity pathway translates directional cues to produce polarized cell behaviors is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Pariante P, Dotolo R, Venditti M, Ferrara D, Donizetti A, Aniello F, Minucci S. First Evidence of DAAM1 Localization During the Post-Natal Development of Rat Testis and in Mammalian Sperm. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2172-84. [PMID: 26831620 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) is a formin-family protein involved in nucleation of unbranched actin filaments and in cytoskeletal organization through Wnt-Dishevelled PCP pathway, which participates in essential biological processes, such as cell polarity, movement, and adhesion during morphogenesis and organogenesis. While its role has been investigated during development and in somatic cells, its potential association with the germinal compartment and reproduction is still unexplored. In this work, we assessed the possible association of DAAM1 with the morphogenesis of rat testis. We studied its expression and profiled its localization versus actin and tubulin, during the first wave of spermatogenesis and in the adult gonad (from 7 to 60 dpp). We show that, in mitotic phases, DAAM1 shares its localization with actin in Sertoli cells, gonocytes, and spermatogonia. Later, during meiosis, both proteins are found in spermatocytes, while only actin is detectable at the forming blood-testis barrier. DAAM1, then, follows the development of the acrosome system throughout spermiogenesis, and it is finally retained inside the cytoplasmic droplet in mature gametes, as corroborated by additional immunolocalization data on both rat and human sperm. Unlike the DAAM1, actin keeps its localization in Sertoli cells, and tubulin is associated with their protruding cytoplasm during the process. Our data support, for the first time, the hypothesis of a role for DAAM1 in cytoskeletal organization during Mammalian testis morphogenesis and gamete progression, while also hinting at its possible investigation as a morphological marker of germ cell and sperm physiology. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2172-2184, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pariante
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dotolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Diana Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Aniello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Lee H, Lee SJ, Kim GH, Yeo I, Han JK. PLD1 regulates Xenopus convergent extension movements by mediating Frizzled7 endocytosis for Wnt/PCP signal activation. Dev Biol 2016; 411:38-49. [PMID: 26806705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in the regulation of receptor-associated signaling, cell movement, cell adhesion and endocytosis. However, its physiological role in vertebrate development remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that PLD1 is required for the convergent extension (CE) movements during Xenopus gastrulation by activating Wnt/PCP signaling. Xenopus PLD1 protein is specifically enriched in the dorsal region of Xenopus gastrula embryo and loss or gain-of-function of PLD1 induce defects in gastrulation and CE movements. These defective phenotypes are due to impaired regulation of Wnt/PCP signaling pathway. Biochemical and imaging analysis using Xenopus tissues reveal that PLD1 is required for Fz7 receptor endocytosis upon Wnt11 stimulation. Moreover, we show that Fz7 endocytosis depends on dynamin and regulation of GAP activity of dynamin by PLD1 via its PX domain is crucial for this process. Taken together, our results suggest that PLD1 acts as a new positive mediator of Wnt/PCP signaling by promoting Wnt11-induced Fz7 endocytosis for precise regulation of Xenopus CE movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Division of Life Science and Pioneer Research Center for Protein Network Exploration, Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Eoeun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchul Yeo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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Luu O, Damm EW, Parent SE, Barua D, Smith THL, Wen JWH, Lepage SE, Nagel M, Ibrahim-Gawel H, Huang Y, Bruce AEE, Winklbauer R. PAPC mediates self/non-self-distinction during Snail1-dependent tissue separation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:839-56. [PMID: 25778923 PMCID: PMC4362454 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In Xenopus and zebrafish gastrulae, PAPC attenuates planar cell polarity signaling and controls formation of an adhesive, yet flexible, contact at the ectoderm–mesoderm boundary. Cleft-like boundaries represent a type of cell sorting boundary characterized by the presence of a physical gap between tissues. We studied the cleft-like ectoderm–mesoderm boundary in Xenopus laevis and zebrafish gastrulae. We identified the transcription factor Snail1 as being essential for tissue separation, showed that its expression in the mesoderm depends on noncanonical Wnt signaling, and demonstrated that it enables paraxial protocadherin (PAPC) to promote tissue separation through two novel functions. First, PAPC attenuates planar cell polarity signaling at the ectoderm–mesoderm boundary to lower cell adhesion and facilitate cleft formation. Second, PAPC controls formation of a distinct type of adhesive contact between mesoderm and ectoderm cells that shows properties of a cleft-like boundary at the single-cell level. It consists of short stretches of adherens junction–like contacts inserted between intermediate-sized contacts and large intercellular gaps. These roles of PAPC constitute a self/non–self-recognition mechanism that determines the site of boundary formation at the interface between PAPC-expressing and -nonexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Luu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Erich W Damm
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Serge E Parent
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Debanjan Barua
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Tamara H L Smith
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Jason W H Wen
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Stephanie E Lepage
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Martina Nagel
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | | | - Yunyun Huang
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Ashley E E Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
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Pataki CA, Couchman JR, Brábek J. Wnt Signaling Cascades and the Roles of Syndecan Proteoglycans. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:465-80. [PMID: 25910817 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415586961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling comprises a group of pathways emanating from the extracellular environment through cell-surface receptors into the intracellular milieu. Wnt signaling cascades can be divided into two main branches, the canonical/β-catenin pathway and the non-canonical pathways containing the Wnt/planar cell polarity and Wnt/calcium signaling. Syndecans are type I transmembrane proteoglycans with a long evolutionary history, being expressed in all Bilateria and in almost all cell types. Both Wnt pathways have been extensively studied over the past 30 years and shown to have roles during development and in a multitude of diseases. Although the first evidence for interactions between syndecans and Wnts dates back to 1997, the number of studies connecting these pathways is low, and many open questions remained unanswered. In this review, syndecan's involvement in Wnt signaling pathways as well as some of the pathologies resulting from dysregulation of the components of these pathways are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla A Pataki
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (CAP,JB)
| | - John R Couchman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (JRC)
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (CAP,JB)
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40
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Farouz Y, Chen Y, Terzic A, Menasché P. Concise Review: Growing Hearts in the Right Place: On the Design of Biomimetic Materials for Cardiac Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1021-35. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Farouz
- Department of Chemistry, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; CNRS UMR; Paris France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- INSERM U970; Paris France
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; CNRS UMR; Paris France
| | | | - Philippe Menasché
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- INSERM U970; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; Paris France
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41
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Onai T, Aramaki T, Inomata H, Hirai T, Kuratani S. Ancestral mesodermal reorganization and evolution of the vertebrate head. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2015; 1:29. [PMID: 26605074 PMCID: PMC4657371 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-015-0030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vertebrate head is characterized by unsegmented head mesoderm the evolutionary origin of which remains enigmatic. The head mesoderm is derived from the rostral part of the dorsal mesoderm, which is regionalized anteroposteriorly during gastrulation. The basal chordate amphioxus resembles vertebrates due to the presence of somites, but it lacks unsegmented head mesoderm. Gastrulation in amphioxus occurs by simple invagination with little mesodermal involution, whereas in vertebrates gastrulation is organized by massive cell movements, such as involution, convergence and extension, and cell migration. RESULTS To identify key developmental events in the evolution of the vertebrate head mesoderm, we compared anterior/posterior (A/P) patterning mechanisms of the dorsal mesoderm in amphioxus and vertebrates. The dorsal mesodermal genes gsc, bra, and delta are expressed in similar patterns in early embryos of both animals, but later in development, these expression domains become anteroposteriorly segregated only in vertebrates. Suppression of mesodermal involution in vertebrate embryos by inhibition of convergence and extension recapitulates amphioxus-like dorsal mesoderm formation. CONCLUSIONS Reorganization of ancient mesoderm was likely involved in the evolution of the vertebrate head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Onai
- />Kuratani Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aramaki
- />Pattern Formation Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hidehiko Inomata
- />Laboratory for Axial Pattern Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Tamami Hirai
- />Kuratani Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- />Kuratani Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
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42
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MacMillan CD, Leong HS, Dales DW, Robertson AE, Lewis JD, Chambers AF, Tuck AB. Stage of breast cancer progression influences cellular response to activation of the WNT/planar cell polarity pathway. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6315. [PMID: 25204426 PMCID: PMC4159636 DOI: 10.1038/srep06315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling has been shown in different studies to either promote or inhibit the malignancy of breast cancer. Using the 21T cell lines, which were derived from an individual patient and represent distinct stages of progression, we show that the prototypical PCP ligand, WNT5A, is expressed highest in 21MT-1 cells (invasive mammary carcinoma) and lowest in 21PT (atypical ductal hyperplasia) and 21NT (ductal carcinoma in situ) cells. Overexpression of WNT5A decreased spherical colony formation and increased invasion and in vivo extravasation only in 21NT cells; whereas overexpression increased migration of both 21PT and 21NT cells. WNT5A overexpression also increased RHOA expression of both cell lines and subsequent RHOA knockdown blocked WNT5A-induced migration, but only partially blocked WNT5A-induced invasion of 21NT cells. PCP can signal through VANGL1 to modulate AP-1 target genes (e.g. MMP3) and induce invasion. VANGL1 knockdown inhibited WNT5A-induced invasion of 21NT cells, but had no effect on WNT5A-induced migration of either 21PT or 21NT cells. WNT5A-induced MMP3 expression was seen only in 21NT cells, an effect that was VANGL1 dependent, but independent of AP-1. We thus provide evidence that PCP signaling can act in a context dependent manner to promote breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor D MacMillan
- 1] Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON [2] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [3] Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - Hon S Leong
- 1] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [2] Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - David W Dales
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON
| | - Amy E Robertson
- 1] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [2] Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - John D Lewis
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Ann F Chambers
- 1] Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON [2] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [3] Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON [4] Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
| | - Alan B Tuck
- 1] Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON [2] London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON [3] Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
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Wnt ligand/Frizzled 2 receptor signaling regulates tube shape and branch-point formation in the lung through control of epithelial cell shape. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12444-9. [PMID: 25114215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406639111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing the morphology of a simple epithelial tube to form a highly ramified branching network requires changes in cell behavior that lead to tissue-wide changes in organ shape. How epithelial cells in branched organs modulate their shape and behavior to promote bending and sculpting of the epithelial sheet is not well understood, and the mechanisms underlying this process remain obscure. We show that the Wnt receptor Frizzled 2 (Fzd2) is required for domain branch formation during the initial establishment of the respiratory tree. Live imaging and transcriptome analysis of lung-branching morphogenesis demonstrate that Fzd2 promotes changes in epithelial cell length and shape. These changes in cell morphology deform the developing epithelial tube to generate and maintain new domain branches. Fzd2 controls branch formation and the shape of the epithelial tube by regulating Rho signaling and by the localization of phospho-myosin light chain 2, in turn controlling the changes in the shape of epithelial cells during morphogenesis. This study demonstrates the importance of Wnt/Fzd2 signaling in promoting and maintaining changes in epithelial cell shape that affect development of a branching network.
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Lee J, Park B, Kim G, Kim K, Pak J, Kim K, Ye MB, Park SG, Park D. Arhgef16, a novel Elmo1 binding partner, promotes clearance of apoptotic cells via RhoG-dependent Rac1 activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2438-47. [PMID: 25063526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elmo is an evolutionarily conserved mammalian ortholog of Caenorhabditis elegans CED-12 with proposed roles during the removal of apoptotic cells, cell migration, neurite outgrowth, and myoblast fusion (Katoh and Negishi (2003) [1], Park and Tosello (2007) [2], Grimsley et al. (2004) [3], Hamoud et al. (2014) [4]). Elmo mediates these cellular processes by interacting with various proteins located in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and by modulating their activities although it has no intrinsic catalytic activity (Park and Tosello (2007) [2], Hamoud et al. (2014) [4], Li et al. (2013) [5], Margaron, Fradet and Cote (2013) [6], and Mauldin et al. (2013)[7]). Because there are a limited number of proteins known to interact with Elmo, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using Elmo1 as bait to identify Elmo1-interacting proteins and to evaluate their mode of regulation. Arhgef16 was one of the proteins identified through the screen and subsequent analyses revealed that Arhgef16 interacted with Elmo1 in mammalian cells as well. Expression of Arhgef16 in phagocytes promoted engulfment of apoptotic cells, and engulfment mediated by Arhgef16 increased synergistically in the presence of Elmo1 but was abrogated in the absence of Elmo1. In addition, Arhgef16-mediated removal of apoptotic cells was dependent on RhoG, but independent of Dock1. Taken together, this study suggests that the newly identified Elmo1-interacting protein, Arhgef16, functions synergistically with Elmo1 to promote clearance of apoptotic cells in a RhoG-dependent and Dock1-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangwoo Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Pak
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanhyeong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael B Ye
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Interleukin-1β-induced Wnt5a enhances human corneal endothelial cell migration through regulation of Cdc42 and RhoA. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3535-45. [PMID: 25022753 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01572-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a can activate β-catenin-independent pathways for regulation of various cellular functions, such as migration, that play critical roles in wound repair. Investigation of Wnt5a signaling may help identify therapeutic targets for enhancing corneal endothelial wound healing that could provide an alternative to corneal transplantation in patients with blindness from endothelial dysfunction. However, Wnt5a signaling in corneal endothelial cells (CECs) has not been well characterized. In this study, we show transient induction of Wnt5a by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation proceeds through NF-κB in human CECs. This leads to binding of Fzd5 to Ror2, resulting in activation of disheveled protein (Dvl) and subsequently disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1). This leads to activation of Cdc42 and subsequent inhibition of RhoA. Inhibition of RhoA leads to parallel dephosphorylation and inactivation of LIM domain kinase 2 along with dephosphorylation and activation of slingshot 1, resulting in dephosphorylation and activation of cofilin and leading to enhanced cell migration. These findings suggest that Wnt5a enhances cell migration through activation of Cdc42 and inactivation of RhoA in human CECs.
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Chen YG, Tao Q. NEDD4L regulates convergent extension movements in Xenopus embryos via Disheveled-mediated non-canonical Wnt signaling. Dev Biol 2014; 392:15-25. [PMID: 24833518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the early vertebrate body plan formation, convergent extension (CE) of dorsal mesoderm and neurectoderm is coordinated by the evolutionarily conserved non-canonical Wnt/PCP signaling. Disheveled (Dvl), a key mediator of Wnt/PCP signaling, is essential for the medial-lateral polarity formation in the cells undergoing convergent extension movements. NEDD4L, a highly conserved HECT type E3 ligase, has been reported to regulate the stability of multiple substrates including Dvl2. Here we demonstrate that NEDD4L is required for the cellular polarity formation and convergent extension in the early Xenopus embryos. Depletion of NEDD4L in early Xenopus embryos results in the loss of mediolateral polarity of the convergent-extending mesoderm cells and the shortened body axis, resembling those defects caused by the disruption of non-canonical Wnt signaling. Depletion of xNEDD4L also blocks the elongation of the animal explants in response to endogenous mesoderm inducing signals and partially compromises the expression of Brachyury. Importantly, reducing Dvl2 expression can largely rescue the cellular polarity and convergent extension defects in NEDD4L-depleted embryos and explants. Together with the data that NEDD4L reduces Dvl2 protein expression in the frog embryos, our findings suggest that regulation of Dvl protein levels by NEDD4L is essential for convergent extension during early Xenopus embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qinghua Tao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Itoh K, Ossipova O, Sokol SY. GEF-H1 functions in apical constriction and cell intercalations and is essential for vertebrate neural tube closure. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2542-53. [PMID: 24681784 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.146811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases regulate many morphogenetic processes during vertebrate development including neural tube closure. Here we report a function for GEF-H1/Lfc/ArhGEF2, a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that functions in neurulation in Xenopus embryos. Morpholino-mediated depletion of GEF-H1 resulted in severe neural tube defects, which were rescued by GEF-H1 RNA. Lineage tracing of GEF-H1 morphants at different developmental stages revealed abnormal cell intercalation and apical constriction, suggesting that GEF-H1 regulates these cell behaviors. Molecular marker analysis documented defects in myosin II light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, Rab11 and F-actin accumulation in GEF-H1-depleted cells. In gain-of-function studies, overexpressed GEF-H1 induced Rho-associated kinase-dependent ectopic apical constriction - marked by apical accumulation of phosphorylated MLC, γ-tubulin and F-actin in superficial ectoderm - and stimulated apical protrusive activity of deep ectoderm cells. Taken together, our observations newly identify functions of GEF-H1 in morphogenetic movements that lead to neural tube closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Itoh
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olga Ossipova
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sergei Y Sokol
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Nudel R, Simpson NH, Baird G, O'Hare A, Conti-Ramsden G, Bolton PF, Hennessy ER, Ring SM, Davey Smith G, Francks C, Paracchini S, Monaco AP, Fisher SE, Newbury DF. Genome-wide association analyses of child genotype effects and parent-of-origin effects in specific language impairment. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 13:418-29. [PMID: 24571439 PMCID: PMC4114547 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Specific language impairment (SLI) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects linguistic abilities when development is otherwise normal. We report the results of a genome-wide association study of SLI which included parent-of-origin effects and child genotype effects and used 278 families of language-impaired children. The child genotype effects analysis did not identify significant associations. We found genome-wide significant paternal parent-of-origin effects on chromosome 14q12 (P = 3.74 × 10−8) and suggestive maternal parent-of-origin effects on chromosome 5p13 (P = 1.16 × 10−7). A subsequent targeted association of six single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 5 in 313 language-impaired individuals and their mothers from the ALSPAC cohort replicated the maternal effects, albeit in the opposite direction (P = 0.001); as fathers’ genotypes were not available in the ALSPAC study, the replication analysis did not include paternal parent-of-origin effects. The paternally-associated SNP on chromosome 14 yields a non-synonymous coding change within the NOP9 gene. This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that has been reported to be significantly dysregulated in individuals with schizophrenia. The region of maternal association on chromosome 5 falls between the PTGER4 and DAB2 genes, in a region previously implicated in autism and ADHD. The top SNP in this association locus is a potential expression QTL of ARHGEF19 (also called WGEF) on chromosome 1. Members of this protein family have been implicated in intellectual disability. In summary, this study implicates parent-of-origin effects in language impairment, and adds an interesting new dimension to the emerging picture of shared genetic etiology across various neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nudel
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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RETRACTED: Swap70b is required for convergent and extension cell movement during zebrafish gastrulation linking Wnt11 signalling and RhoA effector function. Dev Biol 2014; 386:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Tang M, Yuan W, Bodmer R, Wu X, Ocorr K. The role of pygopus in the differentiation of intracardiac valves in Drosophila. Genesis 2013; 52:19-28. [PMID: 24265259 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac valves serve an important function; they support unidirectional blood flow and prevent blood regurgitation. Wnt signaling plays an important role in the formation of mouse cardiac valves and cardiac valve proliferation in Zebrafish, but identification of the specific signaling components involved has not been addressed systematically. Of the components involved in Wnt signal transduction, pygopus (pygo), first identified as a core component of Wnt signaling in Drosophila, has not yet to be investigated with respect to valve development and differentiation. Here, we take advantage of the Drosophila heart model to study the role of pygo in formation of valves between the cardiac chambers. We found that cardiac-specific pygo knockdown in the Drosophila heart causes dilation in the region of these cardiac valves, and their characteristic dense mesh of myofibrils does not form and resembles that of neighboring cardiomyocytes. In contrast, heart-specific knockdown of the transcription factors, arm/β-Cat, lgs/BCL9, or pan/TCF, which mediates canonical Wnt signal transduction, shows a much weaker valve differentiation defect. Double-heterozygous combinations of mutants for pygo and the Wnt-signaling components have no additional effect on heart function compared with pygo heterozygotes alone. These results are consistent with the idea that pygo functions independently of canonical Wnt signaling in the differentiation of the adult interchamber cardiac valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- The Center for Heart Development, Key Laboratory of MOE for Developmental Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, People's Republic of China; Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037
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